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Rietjens IMCM, Pascale M, Pellegrino G, Ribera D, Venâncio A, Wang D, Korzeniowski K. The definition of chemical contaminants in food: Ambiguity and consequences. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2025; 155:105739. [PMID: 39547502 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Consumers may be exposed via foods to a diverse range of substances that could be considered as contaminants. However, it is not always straightforward to understand the definition of a 'contaminant'. The present review evaluates how various categories of food-relevant substances are considered in terms of being 'contaminants'. To this end these categories of food borne constituents are evaluated against the various criteria encountered in the available definitions of a food contaminant, including unintentional presence, harmful, existence of regulatory limits, and stakeholder perception. The categories of chemicals considered include: phytotoxins, mycotoxins, (heavy) metals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), processing aids, process related contaminants, food contact materials (FCMs), pesticides and veterinary drugs. The evaluation revealed that usage of the term appears complex, and may differ between stakeholders. A common proposed definition of the term 'contaminant' could be 'a substance considered to require control measures due to the unacceptability of its context within a food'. Use of a dimension of harm results in equivocal outcomes because risk depends on the level of exposure. As the term 'contaminant' has influence on risk management including public policy, the motivations for applying the term should be subject to more detailed analysis and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michelangelo Pascale
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Gloria Pellegrino
- Scientific Affairs and Research, Lavazza Group, Strada Settimo, 410, 10156, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniel Ribera
- Regulatory and Scientific Affairs EMEA, Cargill R&D Center Europe BVBA, Havenstraat 84, 1800, Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | - Armando Venâncio
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Danlei Wang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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2
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D'Auria JC, Fernie AR. The BAHD and the bold: the mitochondria's role in alkaloid artistry. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:1290-1291. [PMID: 39089907 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In a recent study, Zeng et al. uncovered 3β-tigloyloxytropane synthase (TS) in Atropa belladonna, characterizing its mitochondrial localization and substrate specificity. The discovery of this enzyme opens up new bioengineering possibilities for tropane alkaloids (TAs), enhancing the potential for sustainable agriculture and expanding our knowledge of TA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C D'Auria
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, OT Golm, Germany
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3
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Kiyama R, Wada-Kiyama Y. Estrogenic actions of alkaloids: Structural characteristics and molecular mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 232:116645. [PMID: 39577707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review of estrogenic alkaloids reveals that although the number is small, they exhibit a wide range of structures, biosynthesis pathways, mechanisms of action, and applications. Estrogenic alkaloids belong to different classes, different biosynthetic pathways, different estrogenic actions (estrogenic/synergistic, anti-estrogenic/antagonistic, biphasic, and acting as a selective estrogen receptor modulator or SERM), different receptor-initiated signaling pathways, different ways of modulations of estrogen action, and different applications. The future applications of estrogenic alkaloids, such as those for diagnostics, drug development, and therapeutics, are considered with the help of new databases containing comprehensive descriptions of their relationships and more elaborate artificial intelligence-based prediction technologies. Structure-activity studies reveal the significance of the nitrogen atom for their structural and functional diversity, which may help support their broader applications. Based on the summary of previous reports, estrogenic alkaloids have significant potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Dept. of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo Univ. 2-3-1 Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan.
| | - Yuko Wada-Kiyama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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4
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Sun B, Wang C, Wang Z, Liang J, Han K, Zhang S, Yin C, Wang X, Liu C, Feng Z, Wang S, Jiang H. Strategy for Accurate Detection of Six Tropane Alkaloids in Honey Using Lateral Flow Immunosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:7265. [PMID: 39599042 PMCID: PMC11598261 DOI: 10.3390/s24227265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Honey, a widely consumed food, is susceptible to contamination by various toxic substances during production. Tropane alkaloids, with their potent neurotoxicity, are frequently found in honey. Hence, there is an acute need for rapid and effective detection methods to monitor these alkaloids. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), known for its simple operation, low cost, and reliable results, holds great promise. In this study, we developed an efficient and user-friendly analytical method for the simultaneous detection of six tropane alkaloids (atropine, L-hyoscyamine, scopolamine, anisodamine, homatropine, and apoatropine) in honey based on an AuNPs lateral flow immunoassay (AuNPs-LFIA) with broad-spectrum antibodies. Under optimal conditions, the calculated detection limits were 0.22, 0.29, 0.51, 6.34, 0.30, and 0.94 ng/mL, respectively. By diluting the honey sample five times, the contaminants can be readily detected using LFIA. Semi-quantitative and quantitative analyses can be completed within 17 min. This innovative method fills the void in LFIA for detecting tropane alkaloids and serves as a valuable reference for LFIA detection of honey samples, providing a crucial strategy for the accurate detection of these important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Chuanlei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zile Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Ke Han
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Chunchao Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Chujun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zhiyue Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (K.H.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.W.); (C.L.); (Z.F.)
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5
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Chavez BG, Leite Dias S, D'Auria JC. The evolution of tropane alkaloids: Coca does it differently. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102606. [PMID: 39067083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
It is undeniable that tropane alkaloids (TAs) have been both beneficial and detrimental to human health in the modern era. Understanding their biosynthesis is vital for using synthetic biology to engineer organisms for pharmaceutical production. The most parsimonious approaches to pathway elucidation are traditionally homology-based methods. However, this approach has largely failed for TA biosynthesis in angiosperms. In the recent decade, significant progress has been made in elucidating the TA synthesis pathway in Erythroxylum coca, highlighting the parallel development of TAs in both the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae families. This separate evolutionary path has uncovered substantial divergence in the TAs formed by E. coca and distinct enzymatic reactions that differ from the traditional TA biosynthetic pathway found in TA-producing nightshade plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gabriel Chavez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK Gatersleben), Seeland 06466, Germany
| | - Sara Leite Dias
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK Gatersleben), Seeland 06466, Germany
| | - John Charles D'Auria
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK Gatersleben), Seeland 06466, Germany.
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6
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Rasi A, Sabokdast M, Naghavi MR, Jariani P, Dedičová B. Modulation of Tropane Alkaloids' Biosynthesis and Gene Expression by Methyl Jasmonate in Datura stramonium L.: A Comparative Analysis of Scopolamine, Atropine, and Hyoscyamine Accumulation. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:618. [PMID: 38792639 PMCID: PMC11123313 DOI: 10.3390/life14050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Scopolamine and atropine are two medicinal alkaloids derived from Datura stramonium L. with anticholinergic properties. This study explored how methyl jasmonate (MJ), a plant growth regulator, affects the biosynthesis and accumulation of these alkaloids in different plant tissues. The expression levels of putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), tropinone reductase I (TR1), and hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (h6h), three critical enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, were also analyzed. The results indicated that MJ at 150 µM increased the production of scopolamine and atropine in both leaves and roots, while MJ at 300 µM had an adverse effect. Furthermore, MJ enhanced the expression of PMT, TR1, and h6h genes in the roots, the primary site of alkaloid synthesis, but not in the leaves, the primary site of alkaloid storage. These results imply that MJ can be applied to regulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of scopolamine and atropine in D. stramonium, thereby improving their production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rasi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (A.R.); (M.R.N.); (P.J.)
| | - Manijeh Sabokdast
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (A.R.); (M.R.N.); (P.J.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (A.R.); (M.R.N.); (P.J.)
| | - Parisa Jariani
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (A.R.); (M.R.N.); (P.J.)
| | - Beáta Dedičová
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Alnarp, Sundsvägen 10, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
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7
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Han T, Miao G. Strategies, Achievements, and Potential Challenges of Plant and Microbial Chassis in the Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites. Molecules 2024; 29:2106. [PMID: 38731602 PMCID: PMC11085123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diverse secondary metabolites in plants, with their rich biological activities, have long been important sources for human medicine, food additives, pesticides, etc. However, the large-scale cultivation of host plants consumes land resources and is susceptible to pest and disease problems. Additionally, the multi-step and demanding nature of chemical synthesis adds to production costs, limiting their widespread application. In vitro cultivation and the metabolic engineering of plants have significantly enhanced the synthesis of secondary metabolites with successful industrial production cases. As synthetic biology advances, more research is focusing on heterologous synthesis using microorganisms. This review provides a comprehensive comparison between these two chassis, evaluating their performance in the synthesis of various types of secondary metabolites from the perspectives of yield and strategies. It also discusses the challenges they face and offers insights into future efforts and directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China;
| | - Guopeng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
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8
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Gou Y, Jing Y, Song J, Nagdy MM, Peng C, Zeng L, Chen M, Lan X, Htun ZLL, Liao Z, Li Y. A novel bHLH gene responsive to low nitrogen positively regulates the biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in Atropa belladonna. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131012. [PMID: 38522709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal tropane alkaloids (TAs), including hyoscyamine, anisodamine and scopolamine, are essential anticholinergic drugs specifically produced in several solanaceous plants. Atropa belladonna is one of the most important medicinal plants that produces TAs. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate new A. belladonna germplasm with the high content of TAs. Here, we found that the levels of TAs were elevated under low nitrogen (LN) condition, and identified a LN-responsive bHLH transcription factor (TF) of A. belladonna (named LNIR) regulating the biosynthesis of TAs. The expression level of LNIR was highest in secondary roots where TAs are synthesized specifically, and was significantly induced by LN. Further research revealed that LNIR directly activated the transcription of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase gene (H6H) by binding to its promoter, which converts hyoscyamine into anisodamine and subsequently epoxidizes anisodamine to form scopolamine. Overexpression of LNIR upregulated the expression levels of TA biosynthesis genes and consequently led to the increased production of TAs. In summary, we functionally identified a LN-responsive bHLH gene that facilitated the development of A. belladonna with high-yield TAs under the decreased usage of nitrogen fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Gou
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanming Jing
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaxin Song
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mohammad Mahmoud Nagdy
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre, 12311 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chao Peng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Xizang Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi of Xizang 860000, China
| | - Zun Lai Lai Htun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Botany, University of Magway, Magway 04012, Myanmar
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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9
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Zeng J, Liu X, Dong Z, Zhang F, Qiu F, Zhong M, Zhao T, Yang C, Zeng L, Lan X, Zhang H, Zhou J, Chen M, Tang K, Liao Z. Discovering a mitochondrion-localized BAHD acyltransferase involved in calystegine biosynthesis and engineering the production of 3β-tigloyloxytropane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3623. [PMID: 38684703 PMCID: PMC11058270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Solanaceous plants produce tropane alkaloids (TAs) via esterification of 3α- and 3β-tropanol. Although littorine synthase is revealed to be responsible for 3α-tropanol esterification that leads to hyoscyamine biosynthesis, the genes associated with 3β-tropanol esterification are unknown. Here, we report that a BAHD acyltransferase from Atropa belladonna, 3β-tigloyloxytropane synthase (TS), catalyzes 3β-tropanol and tigloyl-CoA to form 3β-tigloyloxytropane, the key intermediate in calystegine biosynthesis and a potential drug for treating neurodegenerative disease. Unlike other cytosolic-localized BAHD acyltransferases, TS is localized to mitochondria. The catalytic mechanism of TS is revealed through molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis. Subsequently, 3β-tigloyloxytropane is synthesized in tobacco. A bacterial CoA ligase (PcICS) is found to synthesize tigloyl-CoA, an acyl donor for 3β-tigloyloxytropane biosynthesis. By expressing TS mutant and PcICS, engineered Escherichia coli synthesizes 3β-tigloyloxytropane from tiglic acid and 3β-tropanol. This study helps to characterize the enzymology and chemodiversity of TAs and provides an approach for producing 3β-tigloyloxytropane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhaoyue Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingyu Zhong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunxian Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Xizang Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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10
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De-la-Cruz IM, Oyama K, Núñez-Farfán J. The chromosome-scale genome and the genetic resistance machinery against insect herbivores of the Mexican toloache, Datura stramonium. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkad288. [PMID: 38113048 PMCID: PMC10849327 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance refers to the heritable ability of plants to reduce damage caused by natural enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, either through constitutive or induced traits like chemical compounds or trichomes. However, the genetic architecture-the number and genome location of genes that affect plant defense and the magnitude of their effects-of plant resistance to arthropod herbivores in natural populations remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to unveil the genetic architecture of plant resistance to insect herbivores in the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) through quantitative trait loci mapping. We achieved this by assembling the species' genome and constructing a linkage map using an F2 progeny transplanted into natural habitats. Furthermore, we conducted differential gene expression analysis between undamaged and damaged plants caused by the primary folivore, Lema daturaphila larvae. Our genome assembly resulted in 6,109 scaffolds distributed across 12 haploid chromosomes. A single quantitative trait loci region on chromosome 3 was associated with plant resistance, spanning 0 to 5.17 cM. The explained variance by the quantitative trait loci was 8.44%. Our findings imply that the resistance mechanisms of D. stramonium are shaped by the complex interplay of multiple genes with minor effects. Protein-protein interaction networks involving genes within the quantitative trait loci region and overexpressed genes uncovered the key role of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases in signaling and regulating tropane alkaloids and terpenoids, which serve as powerful chemical defenses against D. stramonium herbivores. The data generated in our study constitute important resources for delving into the evolution and ecology of secondary compounds mediating plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M De-la-Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Morelia, Morelia, Michoacán 8701, Mexico
| | - Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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11
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Ushimaru R. Three-membered ring formation catalyzed by α-ketoglutarate-dependent nonheme iron enzymes. J Nat Med 2024; 78:21-32. [PMID: 37980694 PMCID: PMC10764440 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Epoxides, aziridines, and cyclopropanes are found in various medicinal natural products, including polyketides, terpenes, peptides, and alkaloids. Many classes of biosynthetic enzymes are involved in constructing these ring structures during their biosynthesis. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding how α-ketoglutarate-dependent nonheme iron enzymes catalyze the formation of epoxides, aziridines, and cyclopropanes in nature, with a focus on enzyme mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richiro Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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12
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Yang J, Wu Y, Zhang P, Ma J, Yao YJ, Ma YL, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zhao C, Wu J, Fang X, Liu J. Multiple independent losses of the biosynthetic pathway for two tropane alkaloids in the Solanaceae family. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8457. [PMID: 38114555 PMCID: PMC10730914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyoscyamine and scopolamine (HS), two valuable tropane alkaloids of significant medicinal importance, are found in multiple distantly related lineages within the Solanaceae family. Here we sequence the genomes of three representative species that produce HS from these lineages, and one species that does not produce HS. Our analysis reveals a shared biosynthetic pathway responsible for HS production in the three HS-producing species. We observe a high level of gene collinearity related to HS synthesis across the family in both types of species. By introducing gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations at key sites, we confirm the reduced/lost or re-activated functions of critical genes involved in HS synthesis in both types of species, respectively. These findings indicate independent and repeated losses of the HS biosynthesis pathway since its origin in the ancestral lineage. Our results hold promise for potential future applications in the artificial engineering of HS biosynthesis in Solanaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Jun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-Pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Yao L, Wu X, Jiang X, Shan M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang A, Li Y, Yang C. Subcellular compartmentalization in the biosynthesis and engineering of plant natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108258. [PMID: 37722606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are specialized metabolites with diverse bioactivities. They are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries. PNPs are synthesized in plant cells by enzymes that are distributed in different subcellular compartments with unique microenvironments, such as ions, co-factors and substrates. Plant metabolic engineering is an emerging and promising approach for the sustainable production of PNPs, for which the knowledge of the subcellular compartmentalization of their biosynthesis is instrumental. In this review we describe the state of the art on the role of subcellular compartments in the biosynthesis of major types of PNPs, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and glucosinolates, and highlight the efforts to target biosynthetic pathways to subcellular compartments in plants. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and strategies in the field of plant synthetic biology and subcellular engineering. We expect that newly developed methods and tools, together with the knowledge gained from the microbial chassis, will greatly advance plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuoxiang Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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14
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Wen Y, Liao Y, Tang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liao Z. Metabolic Effects of Elicitors on the Biosynthesis of Tropane Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3050. [PMID: 37687296 PMCID: PMC10490125 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are large secondary metabolite alkaloids that find extensive applications in the synthesis of antidotes, anesthetics, antiemetics, motion sickness drugs, and antispasmodics. The current production method primarily depends on extraction from medicinal plants of the Solanaceae family. Elicitation, as a highly effective biotechnological approach, offers significant advantages in augmenting the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The advantages include its simplicity of operation, low cost, and reduced risk of contamination. This review focuses on the impact of elicitation on the biosynthesis of TAs from three aspects: single-elicitor treatment, multiple-elicitor treatment, and the combination of elicitation strategy with other strategies. Some potential reasons are also proposed. Plant hormones and growth regulators, such as jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and their derivatives, have been extensively employed in the separate elicitation processes. In recent years, novel elicitors represented by magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as significant factors in the investigation of yield enhancement in TAs. This approach shows promising potential for further development. The current utilization of multi-elicitor treatment is constrained, primarily relying on the combination of only two elicitors for induction. Some of these combinations have been found to exhibit synergistic amplification effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains largely unknown. The literature concerning the integration of elicitation strategy with other strategies is limited, and several research gaps require further investigation. In conclusion, the impact of various elicitors on the accumulation of TAs is well-documented. However, further research is necessary to effectively implement elicitation strategies in commercial production. This includes the development of stable bioreactors, the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms, and the identification of more potent elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yiran Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yueli Tang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
- SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
- SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
- SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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15
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Huang S, Nan Y, Chen G, Ning N, Du Y, Lu D, Yang Y, Meng F, Yuan L. The Role and Mechanism of Perilla frutescens in Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:5883. [PMID: 37570851 PMCID: PMC10421205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilla frutescens is an annual herb of the Labiatae family and is widely grown in several countries in Asia. Perilla frutescens is a plant that is used medicinally in its entirety, as seen in its subdivision into perilla seeds, perilla stalks, and perilla leaves, which vary more markedly in their chemical composition. Several studies have shown that Perilla frutescens has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, detoxifying, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective. In the absence of a review of Perilla frutescens for the treatment of cancer. This review provides an overview of the chemical composition and molecular mechanisms of Perilla frutescens for cancer treatment. It was found that the main active components of Perilla frutescens producing cancer therapeutic effects were perilla aldehyde (PAH), rosmarinic acid (Ros A), lignan, and isoestrogen (IK). In addition to these, extracts of the leaves and fruits of Perilla frutescens are also included. Among these, perilla seed oil (PSO) has a preventive effect against colorectal cancer due to the presence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This review also provides new ideas and thoughts for scientific innovation and clinical applications related to Perilla frutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yi Nan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Na Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuhua Du
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Doudou Lu
- Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China;
| | - Yating Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.Y.); (F.M.)
| | - Fandi Meng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.Y.); (F.M.)
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
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16
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Wang YJ, Tain T, Yu JY, Li J, Xu B, Chen J, D’Auria J, Huang JP, Huang SX. Genomic and structural basis for evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302448120. [PMID: 37068250 PMCID: PMC10151470 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302448120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropane alkaloids (TAs) cocaine and hyoscyamine have been used medicinally for thousands of years. To understand the evolutionary origins and trajectories of serial biosynthetic enzymes of TAs and especially the characteristic tropane skeletons, we generated the chromosome-level genome assemblies of cocaine-producing Erythroxylum novogranatense (Erythroxylaceae, rosids clade) and hyoscyamine-producing Anisodus acutangulus (Solanaceae, asterids clade). Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the lack of spermidine synthase/N-methyltransferase (EnSPMT1) in ancestral asterids species contributed to the divergence of polyamine (spermidine or putrescine) methylation in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis. Molecular docking analysis and key site mutation experiments suggested that ecgonone synthases CYP81AN15 and CYP82M3 adopt different active-site architectures to biosynthesize the same product ecgonone from the same substrate in Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae. Further synteny analysis showed different evolutionary origins and trajectories of CYP81AN15 and CYP82M3, particularly the emergence of CYP81AN15 through the neofunctionalization of ancient tandem duplication genes. The combination of structural biology and comparative genomic analysis revealed that ecgonone methyltransferase, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of characteristic 2-substituted carboxymethyl group in cocaine, evolved from the tandem copies of salicylic acid methyltransferase by the mutations of critical E216 and S153 residues. Overall, we provided strong evidence for the independent origins of serial TA biosynthetic enzymes on the genomic and structural level, underlying the chemotypic convergence of TAs in phylogenetically distant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
| | - Tian Tain
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jia-Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Bingyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650223, China
| | - John C. D’Auria
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Ortsteil Gatersleben, SeelandD-06466, Germany
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
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17
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Zhang F, Qiu F, Zeng J, Xu Z, Tang Y, Zhao T, Gou Y, Su F, Wang S, Sun X, Xue Z, Wang W, Yang C, Zeng L, Lan X, Chen M, Zhou J, Liao Z. Revealing evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis by analyzing two genomes in the Solanaceae family. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1446. [PMID: 36922496 PMCID: PMC10017790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are widely distributed in the Solanaceae, while some important medicinal tropane alkaloids (mTAs), such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine, are restricted to certain species/tribes in this family. Little is known about the genomic basis and evolution of TAs biosynthesis and specialization in the Solanaceae. Here, we present chromosome-level genomes of two representative mTAs-producing species: Atropa belladonna and Datura stramonium. Our results reveal that the two species employ a conserved biosynthetic pathway to produce mTAs despite being distantly related within the nightshade family. A conserved gene cluster combined with gene duplication underlies the wide distribution of TAs in this family. We also provide evidence that branching genes leading to mTAs likely have evolved in early ancestral Solanaceae species but have been lost in most of the lineages, with A. belladonna and D. stramonium being exceptions. Furthermore, we identify a cytochrome P450 that modifies hyoscyamine into norhyoscyamine. Our results provide a genomic basis for evolutionary insights into the biosynthesis of TAs in the Solanaceae and will be useful for biotechnological production of mTAs via synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junlan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Yueli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuqin Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiuli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunxian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Tibetan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, 860000, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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18
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Walsh CT. Tailoring enzyme strategies and functional groups in biosynthetic pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:326-386. [PMID: 36268810 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2022Secondary metabolites are assembled by drawing off and committing some of the flux of primary metabolic building blocks to sets of enzymes that tailor the maturing scaffold to increase architectural and framework complexity, often balancing hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. In this review we examine the small number of chemical strategies that tailoring enzymes employ in maturation of scaffolds. These strategies depend both on the organic functional groups present at each metabolic stage and one of two tailoring enzyme strategies. Nonoxidative tailoring enzymes typically transfer electrophilic fragments, acyl, alkyl and glycosyl groups, from a small set of thermodynamically activated but kinetically stable core metabolites. Oxidative tailoring enzymes can be oxygen-independent or oxygen-dependent. The oxygen independent oxidoreductases are often reversible nicotinamide-utilizing redox catalysts, flipping the nucleophilicity and electrophilicity of functional groups in pathway intermediates. O2-dependent oxygenases, both mono- and dioxygenases, act by orthogonal, one electron strategies, generating carbon radical species. At sp3 substrate carbons, product alcohols may then behave as nucleophiles for subsequent waves of enzymatic tailoring. At sp2 carbons in olefins, electrophilic epoxides have opposite reactivity and often function as "disappearing groups", opened by intramolecular nucleophiles during metabolite maturation. "Thwarted" oxygenases generate radical intermediates that rearrange internally and are not captured oxygenatively.
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19
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Meng CW, Zhao HY, Zhu H, Peng C, Zhou QM, Xiong L. Novel Indane Derivatives with Antioxidant Activity from the Roots of Anisodus tanguticus. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031493. [PMID: 36771160 PMCID: PMC9919654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Four novel indane derivatives, anisotindans A-D (1-4), were isolated from the roots of Anisodus tanguticus. Their structures were established using comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Anisotindans C and D (3 and 4) are two unusual indenofuran analogs. ABTS•+ and DPPH•+ assays of radical scavenging activity reveal that all compounds (1-4) are active. Specifically, the ABTS•+ assay results show that anisotindan A (1) exhibits the best antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 15.62 ± 1.85 μM (vitamin C, IC50 = 22.54 ± 5.18 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hao-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qin-Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-M.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-M.Z.); (L.X.)
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20
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Wang YJ, Huang JP, Tian T, Yan Y, Chen Y, Yang J, Chen J, Gu YC, Huang SX. Discovery and Engineering of the Cocaine Biosynthetic Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22000-22007. [PMID: 36376019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine, the archetypal tropane alkaloid from the plant genus Erythroxylum, has recently been used clinically as a topical anesthesia of the mucous membranes. Despite this, the key biosynthetic step of the requisite tropane skeleton (methylecgonone) from the identified intermediate 4-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoic acid (MPOA) has remained, until this point, unknown. Herein, we identify two missing enzymes (EnCYP81AN15 and EnMT4) necessary for the biosynthesis of the tropane skeleton in cocaine by transient expression of the candidate genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Cytochrome P450 EnCYP81AN15 was observed to selectively mediate the oxidative cyclization of S-MPOA to yield the unstable intermediate ecgonone, which was then methylated to form optically active methylecgonone by methyltransferase EnMT4 in Erythroxylum novogranatense. The establishment of this pathway corrects the long-standing (but incorrect) biosynthetic hypothesis of MPOA methylation first and oxidative cyclization second. Notably, the de novo reconstruction of cocaine was realized in N. benthamiana with the two newly identified genes, as well as four already known ones. This study not only reports a near-complete biosynthetic pathway of cocaine and provides new insights into the metabolic networks of tropane alkaloids (cocaine and hyoscyamine) in plants but also enables the heterologous synthesis of tropane alkaloids in other (micro)organisms, entailing significant implications for pharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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21
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Zhao T, Zeng J, Yang M, Qiu F, Tang Y, Zeng L, Yang C, He P, Lan X, Chen M, Liao Z, Zhang F. Ornithine decarboxylase regulates putrescine-related metabolism and pollen development in Atropa belladonna. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:110-119. [PMID: 36219994 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, play critical roles in cell physiology by different forms. As a rate-limiting enzyme that converts ornithine to putrescine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 1.1.1.37) has been studied in detail in animals and microorganisms, but its specific functions are poorly understood in plants. In this study, the metabolic and developmental roles of the ODC gene were studied through RNAi-mediated suppression of the ODC gene (AbODC) in A. belladonna. Suppression of AbODC reduced the production of precursors of medicinal tropane alkaloids, including putrescine and N-methylputrescine, as well as hyoscyamine and scopolamine. In AbODC-RNAi roots, the production of putrescine and spermidine in free form was reduced, but in the AbODC-RNAi leaves, the content of free polyamines was not altered. In the roots/leaves of AbODC-RNAi plants, the production of conjugated and bound polyamines was reduced. In addition, suppression of the ODC gene resulted in reduction of polyamines and pollen sterility in AbODC-RNAi flowers. In floral organs, GUS-staining results indicated that AbODC was domainantly expressed in pollen. In summary, ornithine decarboxylase not only plays a key role in regulating the biosynthesis of diverse forms of polyamines and medicinal tropane alkaloids, but also participates in pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junlan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yueli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ping He
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401123, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet, 860000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401123, China.
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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22
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Shim KH, Kang MJ, Sharma N, An SSA. Beauty of the beast: anticholinergic tropane alkaloids in therapeutics. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:33. [PMID: 36109439 PMCID: PMC9478010 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are among the most valued chemical compounds known since pre-historic times. Poisonous plants from Solanaceae family (Hyoscyamus niger, Datura, Atropa belladonna, Scopolia lurida, Mandragora officinarum, Duboisia) and Erythroxylaceae (Erythroxylum coca) are rich sources of tropane alkaloids. These compounds possess the anticholinergic properties as they could block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine action in the central and peripheral nervous system by binding at either muscarinic and/or nicotinic receptors. Hence, they are of great clinical importance and are used as antiemetics, anesthetics, antispasmodics, bronchodilator and mydriatics. They also serve as the lead compounds to generate more effective drugs. Due to the important pharmacological action they are listed in the WHO list of essential medicines and are available in market with FDA approval. However, being anticholinergic in action, TA medication are under the suspicion of causing dementia and cognitive decline like other medications with anticholinergic action, interestingly which is incorrect. There are published reviews on chemistry, biosynthesis, pharmacology, safety concerns, biotechnological aspects of TAs but the detailed information on anticholinergic mechanism of action, clinical pharmacology, FDA approval and anticholinergic burden is lacking. Hence the present review tries to fill this lacuna by critically summarizing and discussing the above mentioned aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Veterans Medical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Niti Sharma
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam, 461-701, South Korea.
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam, 461-701, South Korea.
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23
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Tian T, Wang YJ, Huang JP, Li J, Xu B, Chen Y, Wang L, Yang J, Yan Y, Huang SX. Catalytic innovation underlies independent recruitment of polyketide synthases in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4994. [PMID: 36008484 PMCID: PMC9411544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine and cocaine are of importance in medicinal uses. Only recently has the hyoscyamine biosynthetic machinery become complete. However, the cocaine biosynthesis pathway remains only partially elucidated. Here we characterize polyketide synthases required for generating 3-oxo-glutaric acid from malonyl-CoA in cocaine biosynthetic route. Structural analysis shows that these two polyketide synthases adopt distinctly different active site architecture to catalyze the same reaction as pyrrolidine ketide synthase in hyoscyamine biosynthesis, revealing an unusual parallel/convergent evolution of biochemical function in homologous enzymes. Further phylogenetic analysis suggests lineage-specific acquisition of polyketide synthases required for tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae species, respectively. Overall, our work elucidates not only a key unknown step in cocaine biosynthesis pathway but also, more importantly, structural and biochemical basis for independent recruitment of polyketide synthases in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis, thus broadening the understanding of conservation and innovation of biosynthetic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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24
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Gong H, He P, Lan X, Zeng L, Liao Z. Biotechnological Approaches on Engineering Medicinal Tropane Alkaloid Production in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924413. [PMID: 35720595 PMCID: PMC9201383 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyoscyamine and scopolamine, belonging to medicinal tropane alkaloids (MTAs), are potent anticholinergic drugs. Their industrial production relies on medicinal plants, but the levels of the two alkaloids are very low in planta. Engineering the MTA's production is an everlasting hot topic for pharmaceutical industry. With understanding the MTA's biosynthesis, biotechnological approaches are established to produce hyoscyamine and scopolamine in an efficient manner. Great advances have been obtained in engineering MTA's production in planta. In this review, we summarize the advances on the biosynthesis of MTAs and engineering the MTA's production in hairy root cultures, as well in plants. The problems and perspectives on engineering the MTA's production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping He
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- Xizang Agricultural and Husbandry College, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Nyingchi, China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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25
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Tropane and related alkaloid skeletons via a radical [3+3]-annulation process. Commun Chem 2022; 5:57. [PMID: 36697883 PMCID: PMC9814087 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropanes and related bicyclic alkaloids are highly attractive compounds possessing a broad biological activity. Here we report a mild and simple protocol for the synthesis of N-arylated 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives. It provides these valuable bicyclic alkaloid skeletons in good yields and high levels of diastereoselectivity from simple and readily available starting materials using visible-light photoredox catalysis. These bicyclic aniline derivatives are hardly accessible via the classical Robinson tropane synthesis and represent a particularly attractive scaffold for medicinal chemistry. This unprecedented annulation process takes advantage of the unique reactivity of ethyl 2-(acetoxymethyl)acrylate as a 1,3-bis radical acceptor and of cyclic N,N-dialkylanilines as radical 1,3-bis radical donors. The success of this process relies on efficient electron transfer processes and highly selective deprotonation of aminium radical cations leading to the key α-amino radical intermediates.
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26
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Lv Y, Tian T, Wang YJ, Huang JP, Huang SX. Advances in chemistry and bioactivity of the genus Erythroxylum. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:15. [PMID: 35426005 PMCID: PMC9010490 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Erythroxylum P. Browne is the largest and most representative genus of Erythroxylaceae family. It contains approximately 230 species that are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Some species in this genus, such as E. monogynum and E. coca, have been used as folk medicines in India or South America for a long history. It is well known that Erythroxylum plants are rich in tropane alkaloids, and the representative member cocaine shows remarkable activity in human central nervous system. However, many other types of active compounds have also been found in Erythroxylum along with the broadening and deepening of phytochemical research. To date, a total of 383 compounds from Erythroxylum have been reported, among which only 186 tropane alkaloids have been reviewed in 2010. In this review, we summarized all remained 197 compounds characterized from 53 Erythroxylum species from 1960 to 2021, which include diterpenes, triterpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other derivates, providing a comprehensive overview of phytoconstituents profile of Erythroxylum plants. In addition, the biological activities of representative phytochemicals and crude extracts were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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27
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Watkins JL, Facchini PJ. Compartmentalization at the interface of primary and alkaloid metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 66:102186. [PMID: 35219143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce many compounds used by humans as medicines, including alkaloids of the benzylisoquinoline (BIA), monoterpene indole (MIA) and tropane classes. The biosynthetic pathways of these pharmaceutical alkaloids are complex and spatially segregated across several tissues, cell-types and organelles. This review discusses the origin of primary metabolic inputs required by these specialized biosynthetic pathways and considers aspects relevant to their spatial organization. These factors are important for alkaloid production both in the native plants and for synthetic biology pathway reconstruction in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta L Watkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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28
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Kowalczyk T, Merecz-Sadowska A, Rijo P, Mori M, Hatziantoniou S, Górski K, Szemraj J, Piekarski J, Śliwiński T, Bijak M, Sitarek P. Hidden in Plants-A Review of the Anticancer Potential of the Solanaceae Family in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1455. [PMID: 35326606 PMCID: PMC8946528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the anticancer agents that are currently in use demonstrate severe side effects and encounter increasing resistance from the target cancer cells. Thus, despite significant advances in cancer therapy in recent decades, there is still a need to discover and develop new, alternative anticancer agents. The plant kingdom contains a range of phytochemicals that play important roles in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The Solanaceae family is widely used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, due to its bioactive ingredient content. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the antitumour activity of Solanaceae extracts-single isolated compounds and nanoparticles with extracts-and their synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic agents in various in vitro and in vivo cancer models. In addition, the biological properties of many plants of the Solanaceae family have not yet been investigated, which represents a challenge and an opportunity for future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Patricia Rijo
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Karol Górski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Piekarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University in Lodz, Nicolaus Copernicus Multidisciplinary Centre for Oncology and Traumatology, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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29
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Pawelski D, Walewska A, Ksiezak S, Sredzinski D, Radziwon P, Moniuszko M, Gandusekar R, Eljaszewicz A, Lazny R, Brzezinski K, Plonska-Brzezinska ME. Monocarbonyl Analogs of Curcumin Based on the Pseudopelletierine Scaffold: Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11384. [PMID: 34768818 PMCID: PMC8583854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a natural compound that exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and other biological properties. However, its application as an effective drug is problematic due to its poor oral bioavailability, solubility in water, and poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this work is to synthesize monocarbonyl analogs of CUR based on the 9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.2.1]nonan-3-one (pseudopelletierine, granatanone) scaffold to improve its bioavailability. Granatane is a homologue of tropane, whose structure is present in numerous naturally occurring alkaloids, e.g., l-cocaine and l-scopolamine. In this study, ten new pseudopelletierine-derived monocarbonyl analogs of CUR were successfully synthesized and characterized by spectral methods and X-ray crystallography. Additionally, in vitro test of the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of the synthesized compounds were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Pawelski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Alicja Walewska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.W.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Sylwia Ksiezak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.W.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Dariusz Sredzinski
- Regional Blood Donation and Blood Treatment Center in Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 23, 15-950 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Blood Donation and Blood Treatment Center in Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 23, 15-950 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.W.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ramesh Gandusekar
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.W.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.W.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Ryszard Lazny
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Brzezinski
- Department of Structural Biology of Prokaryotic Organisms, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-074 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
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30
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Chan ZY, Krishnan P, Modaresi SM, Hii LW, Mai CW, Lim WM, Leong CO, Low YY, Wong SK, Yong KT, Leong AZX, Lee MK, Ting KN, Lim KH. Monomeric, Dimeric, and Trimeric Tropane Alkaloids from Pellacalyx saccardianus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2272-2281. [PMID: 34342431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Seven new tropane alkaloids, including five monomeric (1-5), one dimeric (6), and one trimeric (7) 3α-nortropane ester, along with two known monomeric nortropane alkaloids (8 and 9), were isolated from the leaves and bark of Pellacalyx saccardianus. Their structures, including the absolute configuration of the enantiomeric pair of (±)-6, were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. Alkaloids 6 and 7 showed cytotoxicity toward human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC3, PANC-1, and SW1990). Alkaloids 1, 4, and 9 induced a smooth muscle relaxation effect comparable to that of atropine (Emax 106.1 ± 7.5%, 97.0 ± 5.2%, 100.9 ± 1.4%, 111.7 ± 1.7%, respectively) on isolated rat tracheal rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yang Chan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Premanand Krishnan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Chun-Wai Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | | | | | - Yun-Yee Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Kit Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien-Thai Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alyssa Zi-Xin Leong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Kee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang-Nee Ting
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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31
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Bisht R, Bhattacharyya A, Shrivastava A, Saxena P. An Overview of the Medicinally Important Plant Type III PKS Derived Polyketides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:746908. [PMID: 34721474 PMCID: PMC8551677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce interesting secondary metabolites that are a valuable source of both medicines for human use, along with significant advantages for the manufacturer species. The active compounds which lead to these instrumental effects are generally secondary metabolites produced during various plant growth phases, which provide the host survival advantages while affecting human health inadvertently. Different chemical classes of secondary metabolites are biosynthesized by the plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs). They are simple homodimeric proteins with the unique mechanistic potential to produce a broad array of secondary metabolites by utilizing simpler starter and extender units. These PKS derived products are majorly the precursors of some important secondary metabolite pathways leading to products such as flavonoids, stilbenes, benzalacetones, chromones, acridones, xanthones, cannabinoids, aliphatic waxes, alkaloids, anthrones, and pyrones. These secondary metabolites have various pharmaceutical, medicinal and industrial applications which make biosynthesizing type III PKSs an important tool for bioengineering purposes. Because of their structural simplicity and ease of manipulation, these enzymes have garnered interest in recent years due to their application in the generation of unnatural natural polyketides and modified products in the search for newer drugs for a variety of health problems. The following review covers the biosynthesis of a variety of type III PKS-derived secondary metabolites, their biological relevance, the associated enzymes, and recent research.
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