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Xu J, Zhu X, Zhao J, Ling G, Zhang P. Biomedical applications of supramolecular hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103000. [PMID: 37839280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels bound by hydrogen bonding, host-guest, hydrophobic, and other non-covalent interactions are among the most attractive biomaterials available. Supramolecular hydrogels have attracted extensive attention due to their inherent dynamic reversibility, self-healing, stimuli-response, excellent biocompatibility, and near-physiological environment. However, the inherent contradiction between non-covalent interactions and mechanical strength makes the practical application of supramolecular hydrogels a great challenge. This review describes the mechanical strength of hydrogels mediated by supramolecular interactions, and focuses on the potential strategies for enhancing the mechanical strength of supramolecular hydrogels and illustrates their applications in related fields, such as flexible electronic sensors, wound dressings, and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Finally, the current problems and future research prospects of supramolecular hydrogels are discussed. This review is expected to provide insights that will motivate more advanced research on supramolecular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiuhong Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China..
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China..
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2
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Gao R, Ge Q, Cong H, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Preparation and Biomedical Applications of Cucurbit[n]uril-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083566. [PMID: 37110800 PMCID: PMC10142449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cucurbit[n]uril supramolecular hydrogels are driven by weak intermolecular interactions, of which exhibit good stimuli responsiveness and excellent self-healing properties. According to the composition of the gelling factor, supramolecular hydrogels comprise Q[n]-cross-linked small molecules and Q[n]-cross-linked polymers. According to different driving forces, hydrogels are driven by the outer-surface interaction, the host-guest inclusion interaction, and the host-guest exclusion interaction. Host-guest interactions are widely used in the construction of self-healing hydrogels, which can spontaneously recover after being damaged, thereby prolonging their service life. The smart Q[n]s-based supramolecular hydrogel composed is a kind of adjustable and low-toxicity soft material. By designing the structure of the hydrogel or modifying the fluorescent properties, etc., it can be widely used in biomedicine. In this review, we mainly focus on the preparation of Q[n]-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications including cell encapsulation for biocatalysis, biosensors for high sensitivity, 3D printing for potential tissue engineering, drug release for sustained delivery, and interfacial adhesion for self-healing materials. In addition, we also presented the current challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Gao
- Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingmei Ge
- Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hang Cong
- Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yunqian Zhang
- Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519000, China
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3
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Liu Y, Chen L, Yang Y, Chen H, Zhang X, Liu S. High Mechanical Strength and Multifunctional Microphase-Separated Supramolecular Hydrogels Fabricated by Liquid-Crystalline Block Copolymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200829. [PMID: 36482796 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of multifunctional supramolecular hydrogels with high mechanical strength and multifunction is in high demand. In this work, the diblock copolymer poly(acrylamide-co-1-benzyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide)-block-polyAzobenzene is synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The dynamic host-guest interactions between the host molecule cucurbit[8] uril and guest units are used to fabricate a 3D network of supramolecular hydrogels. Investigations on the properties of the supramolecular hydrogels show that the tensile stress of the sample is 1.46 MPa, eight times higher than that of hydrogel without liquid-crystalline block copolymer, and the self-healing efficiency of the supramolecular hydrogels at room temperature is 88.3% (fracture stress) and 100% (fracture strain) after 24 h. Results show that microphase-separated structure plays a key role in the high-strength hydrogel, whereas the host-guest interaction endows the hydrogel with self-healing properties. The supramolecular hydrogels with high mechanical strength, photo-responsivity, injectability, and biocompatibility can be used in various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Lv Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Xiongzhi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Simin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
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Zhang X, Xiang J, Hong Y, Shen L. Recent Advances in Design Strategies of Tough Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200075. [PMID: 35436378 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a fascinating class of materials popular in numerous fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, soft robotics, and sensors, attributed to their 3D network porous structure containing a significant amount of water. However, traditional hydrogels exhibit poor mechanical strength, limiting their practical applications. Thus, many researchers have focused on the development of mechanically enhanced hydrogels. This review describes the design considerations for constructing tough hydrogels and some of the latest strategies in recent years. These tough hydrogels have an up-and-coming prospect and bring great hope to the fields of biomedicine and others. Nonetheless, it is still no small challenge to realize hydrogel materials that are tough, multifunctional, intelligent, and zero-defect. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200, Road Cailun, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinxi Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200, Road Cailun, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanlong Hong
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Health Services, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, 1200, Road Cailun, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Newham G, Evans SD, Ong ZY. Mechanically tuneable physical nanocomposite hydrogels from polyelectrolyte complex templated silica nanoparticles for anionic therapeutic delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:224-235. [PMID: 35276523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have shown great promise for drug delivery and tissue engineering but can be limited in practical applications by poor mechanical performance. The incorporation of polymer grafted silica nanoparticles as chemical or physical crosslinkers in in situ polymerised nanocomposite hydrogels has been widely researched to enhance their mechanical properties. Despite the enhanced mechanical stiffness, tensile strength, and self-healing properties, there remains a need for the development of simpler and modular approaches to obtain nanocomposite hydrogels. Herein, we report a facile protocol for the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) templated synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid poly(ethylenimine) functionalised silica nanoparticles (PEI-SiNPs) and their use as multifunctional electrostatic crosslinkers with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form nanocomposite hydrogels. Upon mixing, electrostatic interactions between cationic PEI-SiNPs and anionic HA resulted in the formation of a coacervate nanocomposite hydrogel with enhanced mechanical stiffness that can be tuned by varying the ratios of PEI-SiNPs and HA present. The reversible electrostatic interactions within the hydrogel networks also enabled self-healing and thixotropic properties. The excess positive charge present within the PEI-SiNPs facilitated high loading and retarded the release of the anionic anti-cancer drug methotrexate from the nanocomposite hydrogel. Furthermore, the electrostatic complexation of PEI-SiNP and HA was found to mitigate haemotoxicity concerns associated with the use of high molecular weight PEI. The method presented herein offers a simpler and more versatile strategy for the fabrication of coacervate nanocomposite hydrogels with tuneable mechanical stiffness and self-healing properties for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Newham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Zhan Yuin Ong
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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6
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Cho KW, Sunwoo SH, Hong YJ, Koo JH, Kim JH, Baik S, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5068-5143. [PMID: 34962131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects in vivo. Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Won Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Joseph Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Ou Y, Tian M. Advances in multifunctional chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7955-7971. [PMID: 34611684 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional self-healing hydrogels have recently attracted considerable interest in biomedical applications owing to their diverse properties, including self-healing, adhesion, conduction, antibacterial, and stimulus-response, which can meet various application requirements, ranging from wound dressings and delivery vehicles to the production of scaffolds for tissue repair and regeneration. As a natural polycationic polysaccharide with good biocompatibility, chitosan is widely used in hydrogel formation as there are many amino and hydroxyl groups along the chains that can actively participate in various physical effects and chemical reactions, which enable it to construct self-healing hydrogels and fulfill multiple functions. In this review, the formation of chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels and the related self-healing mechanism are summarized, including Schiff base, metal coordination, ionic and hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and host-guest interactions, with a focus on the strategies for their multi-functionalization. In the last section, the applications of the chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels in the fields of wound dressings, delivery vehicles, scaffolds, and biological sensors are discussed. Overall, it is highly expected that this review could provide an insight into the prospective development of multifunctional self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ou
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Meng Tian
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Wang Z, Shui M, Wyman IW, Zhang QW, Wang R. Cucurbit[8]uril-based supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:722-729. [PMID: 34124671 PMCID: PMC8152811 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the cucurbit[n]uril family (where n denotes the number of glycoluril units), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) possesses a large cavity volume and is able to accommodate two guests simultaneously. Therefore, CB[8] has been adapted as a dynamic noncovalent crosslinker to form various supramolecular hydrogels. These CB[8]-based hydrogels have been investigated for various biomedical applications due to their good biocompatibility and dynamic properties afforded by host-guest interactions. In this review, we summarize the hydrogels that have been dynamically fabricated via supramolecular crosslinking of polymers by CB[8] reported during the past decade, and discuss their design principles, innovative applications in biomedical science and their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau 999078 China
| | - Mingju Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau 999078 China
| | - Ian W Wyman
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau 999078 China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau 999078 China
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Pamulaparthi Venkata S, Cui K, Guo J, Zehnder AT, Gong JP, Hui CY. Constitutive modeling of strain-dependent bond breaking and healing kinetics of chemical polyampholyte (PA) gel. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4161-4169. [PMID: 33881129 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A finite strain nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model is used to study the uniaxial tension behaviour of chemical polyampholyte (PA) gel. This PA gel is cross-linked by chemical and physical bonds. Our constitutive model attempts to capture the time and strain dependent breaking and healing kinetics of physical bonds. We compare model prediction by uniaxial tension, cyclic and relaxation tests. Material parameters in our model are obtained by least squares optimization. These parameters gave fits that are in good agreement with the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairam Pamulaparthi Venkata
- Field of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Field of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Alan T Zehnder
- Field of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan and Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Chung-Yuen Hui
- Field of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. and Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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Wang C, Yang L, He Y, Xiao H, Lin W. Microsphere-structured hydrogel crosslinked by polymerizable protein-based nanospheres. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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