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Khalil Y, Carrino S, Lin F, Ferlin A, Lad HV, Mazzacuva F, Falcone S, Rivers N, Banks G, Concas D, Aguilar C, Haynes AR, Blease A, Nicol T, Al-Shawi R, Heywood W, Potter P, Mills K, Gale DP, Clayton PT. Tissue Proteome of 2-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Lyase Deficient Mice Reveals Peroxisome Proliferation and Activation of ω-Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020987. [PMID: 35055171 PMCID: PMC8781152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal fatty acid α-oxidation is an essential pathway for the degradation of β-carbon methylated fatty acids such as phytanic acid. One enzyme in this pathway is 2-hydroxyacyl CoA lyase (HACL1), which is responsible for the cleavage of 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA into pristanal and formyl-CoA. Hacl1 deficient mice do not present with a severe phenotype, unlike mice deficient in other α-oxidation enzymes such as phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase deficiency (Refsum disease) in which neuropathy and ataxia are present. Tissues from wild-type and Hacl1−/− mice fed a high phytol diet were obtained for proteomic and lipidomic analysis. There was no phenotype observed in these mice. Liver, brain, and kidney tissues underwent trypsin digestion for untargeted proteomic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, while liver tissues also underwent fatty acid hydrolysis, extraction, and derivatisation for fatty acid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The liver fatty acid profile demonstrated an accumulation of phytanic and 2-hydroxyphytanic acid in the Hacl1−/− liver and significant decrease in heptadecanoic acid. The liver proteome showed a significant decrease in the abundance of Hacl1 and a significant increase in the abundance of proteins involved in PPAR signalling, peroxisome proliferation, and omega oxidation, particularly Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14. In addition, the pathway associated with arachidonic acid metabolism was affected; Cyp2c55 was upregulated and Cyp4f14 and Cyp2b9 were downregulated. The kidney proteome revealed fewer significantly upregulated peroxisomal proteins and the brain proteome was not significantly different in Hacl1−/− mice. This study demonstrates the powerful insight brought by proteomic and metabolomic profiling of Hacl1−/− mice in better understanding disease mechanism in fatty acid α-oxidation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Khalil
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Sara Carrino
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fujun Lin
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (F.L.); (A.F.); (D.P.G.)
- Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Anna Ferlin
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (F.L.); (A.F.); (D.P.G.)
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Heena V. Lad
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Francesca Mazzacuva
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
- Department of Bioscience, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Sara Falcone
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Natalie Rivers
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Gareth Banks
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Danilo Concas
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlos Aguilar
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Andrew R. Haynes
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Andy Blease
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Thomas Nicol
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Raya Al-Shawi
- Genetics Unit and Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Wendy Heywood
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Paul Potter
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Kevin Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Daniel P. Gale
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (F.L.); (A.F.); (D.P.G.)
| | - Peter T. Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Meyer MT, Watermann C, Dreyer T, Wagner S, Wittekindt C, Klussmann JP, Ergün S, Baumgart-Vogt E, Karnati S. Differential Expression of Peroxisomal Proteins in Distinct Types of Parotid Gland Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7872. [PMID: 34360635 PMCID: PMC8345988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers are rare but aggressive tumors that have poor prognosis and lack effective cure. Of those, parotid tumors constitute the majority. Functioning as metabolic machinery contributing to cellular redox balance, peroxisomes have emerged as crucial players in tumorigenesis. Studies on murine and human cells have examined the role of peroxisomes in carcinogenesis with conflicting results. These studies either examined the consequences of altered peroxisomal proliferators or compared their expression in healthy and neoplastic tissues. None, however, examined such differences exclusively in human parotid tissue or extended comparison to peroxisomal proteins and their associated gene expressions. Therefore, we examined differences in peroxisomal dynamics in parotid tumors of different morphologies. Using immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR, we compared the expression levels of key peroxisomal enzymes and proliferators in healthy and neoplastic parotid tissue samples. Three parotid tumor subtypes were examined: pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma. We observed higher expression of peroxisomal matrix proteins in neoplastic samples with exceptional down regulation of certain enzymes; however, the degree of expression varied between tumor subtypes. Our findings confirm previous experimental results on other organ tissues and suggest peroxisomes as possible therapeutic targets or markers in all or certain subtypes of parotid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Tordis Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Christoph Watermann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Thomas Dreyer
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Langhansstrasse 10, D-35392 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Claus Wittekindt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Jens Peter Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, D-35385 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany;
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, D-35385 Gießen, Germany;
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Asare A, Levorse J, Fuchs E. Coupling organelle inheritance with mitosis to balance growth and differentiation. Science 2017; 355:355/6324/eaah4701. [PMID: 28154022 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Balancing growth and differentiation is essential to tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. How imbalances arise in disease states is poorly understood. To address this issue, we identified transcripts differentially expressed in mouse basal epidermal progenitors versus their differentiating progeny and those altered in cancers. We used an in vivo RNA interference screen to unveil candidates that altered the equilibrium between the basal proliferative layer and suprabasal differentiating layers forming the skin barrier. We found that epidermal progenitors deficient in the peroxisome-associated protein Pex11b failed to segregate peroxisomes properly and entered a mitotic delay that perturbed polarized divisions and skewed daughter fates. Together, our findings unveil a role for organelle inheritance in mitosis, spindle alignment, and the choice of daughter progenitors to differentiate or remain stem-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amma Asare
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John Levorse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Rando G, Tan CK, Khaled N, Montagner A, Leuenberger N, Bertrand-Michel J, Paramalingam E, Guillou H, Wahli W. Glucocorticoid receptor-PPARα axis in fetal mouse liver prepares neonates for milk lipid catabolism. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27367842 PMCID: PMC4963200 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, hepatic lipid catabolism is essential for the newborns to efficiently use milk fat as an energy source. However, it is unclear how this critical trait is acquired and regulated. We demonstrate that under the control of PPARα, the genes required for lipid catabolism are transcribed before birth so that the neonatal liver has a prompt capacity to extract energy from milk upon suckling. The mechanism involves a fetal glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-PPARα axis in which GR directly regulates the transcriptional activation of PPARα by binding to its promoter. Certain PPARα target genes such as Fgf21 remain repressed in the fetal liver and become PPARα responsive after birth following an epigenetic switch triggered by β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated inhibition of HDAC3. This study identifies an endocrine developmental axis in which fetal GR primes the activity of PPARα in anticipation of the sudden shifts in postnatal nutrient source and metabolic demands. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11853.001 Birth is a highly stressful and critical event. In the womb, babies rely on the supply of oxygen and nutrients provided by the placenta. However, once they are born they need to breathe for themselves and gain all their nutrients from suckling milk. The placenta provides a sugar-rich diet, while milk is richer in fat. Failing to cope with this change in diet leads to serious complications and sometimes death. Therefore, a better understanding of how the body adapts to these changes may shed light on pathways that are important for good health in later life. The liver plays a central role in processing the nutrients absorbed by the gut. It uses fats to produce molecules called ketone bodies, such as β-hydroxybutyrate, which are then used as fuel by other tissues and organs including the heart, muscle and the brain. A protein called PPARα controls the production of ketone bodies primarily by regulating genes that are involved in the uptake and breakdown of fat in the liver. However, little is known about how this protein affects the development of the liver. Here, Rando, Tan et al. report that mice start to produce more PPARα in the liver shortly before birth. This ultimately activates several genes that encode enzymes that break down fats. The experiments show that during labor, stress hormones called glucocorticoids directly stimulate the production of PPARα in the liver of the fetus to prepare newborn mice for harnessing energy from fat-rich milk. In the absence of PPARα, mouse liver cells are less able to break down fats after birth and so start to accumulate fat, resulting in fewer ketone bodies being produced. Rando, Tan et al. show that β-hydroxybutyrate regulates some PPARα target genes, including one called Fgf21. The activity of this gene increases only after milk suckling starts and it encodes a protein that enhances the breakdown of fats in the liver. Without PPARα, the expression levels of its target genes, including Fgf21, do not increase after birth, which promotes the build up of fats in liver cells, a condition known as liver steatosis. Overall, the results reported by Rando, Tan et al. highlight how stress during labor plays an important role in priming the body to cope with a fat-rich diet after birth. Future studies will need to determine if stress hormones and ketone bodies could be used as therapies for babies born by caesarean section with liver steatosis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11853.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Rando
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chek Kun Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, , Singapore
| | - Nourhène Khaled
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- UMR 1331 ToxAlim Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Leuenberger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- IFR 150 Plateforme Metatoul, Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-Médicale de Toulouse INSERM U563, Toulouse, France
| | - Eeswari Paramalingam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, , Singapore
| | - Hervé Guillou
- UMR 1331 ToxAlim Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, , Singapore.,UMR 1331 ToxAlim Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Berger J, Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Kunze M. Peroxisomes in brain development and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:934-55. [PMID: 26686055 PMCID: PMC4880039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes contain numerous enzymatic activities that are important for mammalian physiology. Patients lacking either all peroxisomal functions or a single enzyme or transporter function typically develop severe neurological deficits, which originate from aberrant development of the brain, demyelination and loss of axonal integrity, neuroinflammation or other neurodegenerative processes. Whilst correlating peroxisomal properties with a compilation of pathologies observed in human patients and mouse models lacking all or individual peroxisomal functions, we discuss the importance of peroxisomal metabolites and tissue- and cell type-specific contributions to the observed brain pathologies. This enables us to deconstruct the local and systemic contribution of individual metabolic pathways to specific brain functions. We also review the recently discovered variability of pathological symptoms in cases with unexpectedly mild presentation of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Finally, we explore the emerging evidence linking peroxisomes to more common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Peroxisomes edited by Ralf Erdmann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Kunze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Renaud HJ, Cui YJ, Lu H, Zhong XB, Klaassen CD. Ontogeny of hepatic energy metabolism genes in mice as revealed by RNA-sequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104560. [PMID: 25102070 PMCID: PMC4125194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in metabolic homeostasis by coordinating synthesis, storage, breakdown, and redistribution of nutrients. Hepatic energy metabolism is dynamically regulated throughout different life stages due to different demands for energy during growth and development. However, changes in gene expression patterns throughout ontogeny for factors important in hepatic energy metabolism are not well understood. We performed detailed transcript analysis of energy metabolism genes during various stages of liver development in mice. Livers from male C57BL/6J mice were collected at twelve ages, including perinatal and postnatal time points (n = 3/age). The mRNA was quantified by RNA-Sequencing, with transcript abundance estimated by Cufflinks. One thousand sixty energy metabolism genes were examined; 794 were above detection, of which 627 were significantly changed during at least one developmental age compared to adult liver. Two-way hierarchical clustering revealed three major clusters dependent on age: GD17.5–Day 5 (perinatal-enriched), Day 10–Day 20 (pre-weaning-enriched), and Day 25–Day 60 (adolescence/adulthood-enriched). Clustering analysis of cumulative mRNA expression values for individual pathways of energy metabolism revealed three patterns of enrichment: glycolysis, ketogenesis, and glycogenesis were all perinatally-enriched; glycogenolysis was the only pathway enriched during pre-weaning ages; whereas lipid droplet metabolism, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and lipid metabolism were all enriched in adolescence/adulthood. This study reveals novel findings such as the divergent expression of the fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes Acyl-CoA oxidase 1 and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, indicating a switch from mitochondrial to peroxisomal β-oxidation after weaning; as well as the dynamic ontogeny of genes implicated in obesity such as Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and Elongation of very long chain fatty acids-like 3. These data shed new light on the ontogeny of homeostatic regulation of hepatic energy metabolism, which could ultimately provide new therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J. Renaud
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Yue Julia Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiao-bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Curtis D. Klaassen
- College of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Verheijden S, Bottelbergs A, Krysko O, Krysko DV, Beckers L, De Munter S, Van Veldhoven PP, Wyns S, Kulik W, Nave KA, Ramer MS, Carmeliet P, Kassmann CM, Baes M. Peroxisomal multifunctional protein-2 deficiency causes neuroinflammation and degeneration of Purkinje cells independent of very long chain fatty acid accumulation. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 58:258-69. [PMID: 23777740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although peroxisome biogenesis and β-oxidation disorders are well known for their neurodevelopmental defects, patients with these disorders are increasingly diagnosed with neurodegenerative pathologies. In order to investigate the cellular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in these patients, we developed a mouse model lacking multifunctional protein 2 (MFP2, also called D-bifunctional protein), a central enzyme of peroxisomal β-oxidation, in all neural cells (Nestin-Mfp2(-/-)) or in oligodendrocytes (Cnp-Mfp2(-/-)) and compared these models with an already established general Mfp2 knockout. Nestin-Mfp2 but not Cnp-Mfp2 knockout mice develop motor disabilities and ataxia, similar to the general mutant. Deterioration of motor performance correlates with the demise of Purkinje cell axons in the cerebellum, which precedes loss of Purkinje cells and cerebellar atrophy. This closely mimics spinocerebellar ataxias of patients affected with mild peroxisome β-oxidation disorders. However, general knockouts have a much shorter life span than Nestin-Mfp2 knockouts which is paralleled by a disparity in activation of the innate immune system. Whereas in general mutants a strong and chronic proinflammatory reaction proceeds throughout the brain, elimination of MFP2 from neural cells results in minor neuroinflammation. Neither the extent of the inflammatory reaction nor the cerebellar degeneration could be correlated with levels of very long chain fatty acids, substrates of peroxisomal β-oxidation. In conclusion, MFP2 has multiple tasks in the adult brain, including the maintenance of Purkinje cells and the prevention of neuroinflammation but this is not mediated by its activity in oligodendrocytes nor by its role in very long chain fatty acid degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Verheijden
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Martens K, Bottelbergs A, Peeters A, Jacobs F, Espeel M, Carmeliet P, Van Veldhoven PP, Baes M. Peroxisome deficient aP2-Pex5 knockout mice display impaired white adipocyte and muscle function concomitant with reduced adrenergic tone. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:735-47. [PMID: 23141464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are essential for intermediary lipid metabolism, but the role of these organelles has been primarily studied in the liver. We recently generated aP2-Pex5 conditional knockout mice that due to the nonselectivity of the aP2 promoter, not only had dysfunctional peroxisomes in the adipose tissue but also in the central and peripheral nervous system, besides some other tissues. Peroxisomes were however intact in the liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. Surprisingly, these mice not only showed dysfunctional white adipose tissue with increased fat mass and reduced lipolysis but also the skeletal muscle was affected including impaired shivering thermogenesis, reduced motor performance and increased insulin resistance. Non-shivering thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue was not altered. Strongly reduced levels of plasma adrenaline and to a lesser extent noradrenaline, impaired expression of catecholamine synthesizing enzymes in the adrenal medulla and reversal of all pathologies after administration of the β-agonist isoproterenol indicated that β-adrenergic signaling was reduced. Based on normal white adipose and muscle function in Nestin-Pex5 and Wnt-Pex5 knockout mice respectively, it is unlikely that peroxisome absence from the central and peripheral nervous system caused the phenotype. We conclude that peroxisomal metabolism is necessary to maintain the adrenergic tone in mice, which in turn determines metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Martens
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Peroxisomes and peroxisomal disorders: The main facts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:615-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tran QT, Xu L, Phan V, Goodwin SB, Rahman M, Jin VX, Sutter CH, Roebuck BD, Kensler TW, George E, Sutter TR. Chemical genomics of cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:480-6. [PMID: 19126641 PMCID: PMC2650797 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) and its analogues 4-methyl-5-pyrazinyl-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (OLT) and 5-tert-butyl-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (TBD) are chemopreventive agents that block or diminish early stages of carcinogenesis by inducing activities of detoxication enzymes. While OLT has been used in clinical trials, TBD has been shown to be more efficacious and possibly less toxic than OLT in animals. Here, we utilize a robust and high-resolution chemical genomics procedure to examine the pharmacological structure-activity relationships of these compounds in livers of male rats by microarray analyses. We identified 226 differentially expressed genes that were common to all treatments. Functional analysis identified the relation of these genes to glutathione metabolism and the nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2-related factor 2 pathway (Nrf2) that is known to regulate many of the protective actions of dithiolethiones. OLT and TBD were shown to have similar efficacies and both were weaker than D3T. In addition, we identified 40 genes whose responses were common to OLT and TBD, yet distinct from D3T. As inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) has been associated with the effects of OLT on CYP expression, we determined the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values for inhibition of CYP1A2. The rank order of inhibitor potency was OLT >> TBD >> D3T, with IC(50) values estimated as 0.2, 12.8 and >100 microM, respectively. Functional analysis revealed that OLT and TBD, in addition to their effects on CYP, modulate liver lipid metabolism, especially fatty acids. Together, these findings provide new insight into the actions of clinically relevant and lead dithiolethione analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh T. Tran
- Department of Mathematical Sciences
- Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research
| | - Lijing Xu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research
| | - Vinhthuy Phan
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research
- Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Shirlean B. Goodwin
- Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research
| | - Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research
| | - Victor X. Jin
- Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Carrie H. Sutter
- Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research
| | - Bill D. Roebuck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - E.Olusegun George
- Department of Mathematical Sciences
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research
- Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Thomas R. Sutter
- Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research
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Martin B, Pearson M, Brenneman R, Golden E, Wood W, Prabhu V, Becker KG, Mattson MP, Maudsley S. Gonadal transcriptome alterations in response to dietary energy intake: sensing the reproductive environment. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4146. [PMID: 19127293 PMCID: PMC2607546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive capacity and nutritional input are tightly linked and animals' specific responses to alterations in their physical environment and food availability are crucial to ensuring sustainability of that species. We have assessed how alterations in dietary energy intake (both reductions and excess), as well as in food availability, via intermittent fasting (IF), affect the gonadal transcriptome of both male and female rats. Starting at four months of age, male and female rats were subjected to a 20% or 40% caloric restriction (CR) dietary regime, every other day feeding (IF) or a high fat-high glucose (HFG) diet for six months. The transcriptional activity of the gonadal response to these variations in dietary energy intake was assessed at the individual gene level as well as at the parametric functional level. At the individual gene level, the females showed a higher degree of coherency in gonadal gene alterations to CR than the males. The gonadal transcriptional and hormonal response to IF was also significantly different between the male and female rats. The number of genes significantly regulated by IF in male animals was almost 5 times greater than in the females. These IF males also showed the highest testosterone to estrogen ratio in their plasma. Our data show that at the level of gonadal gene responses, the male rats on the IF regime adapt to their environment in a manner that is expected to increase the probability of eventual fertilization of females that the males predict are likely to be sub-fertile due to their perception of a food deficient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Martin
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michele Pearson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Randall Brenneman
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erin Golden
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William Wood
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vinayakumar Prabhu
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Peroxisomes in mouse and human lung: their involvement in pulmonary lipid metabolism. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:719-40. [PMID: 18665385 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Only sparse information is available from the literature on the peroxisomal compartment and its enzyme composition in mouse and human lungs. Therefore, in the present investigation we have characterized peroxisomes in different cell types of adult mouse (C57BL/6J) and human lungs in a comprehensive study using a variety of light-, fluorescence- and electron microscopic as well as biochemical techniques and by the use of various peroxisomal marker proteins (Pex13p, Pex14p, ABCD3, beta-oxidation enzymes and catalase). In contrast to previous reports, we have found that peroxisomes are present in all cell types in human and mouse lungs. However, they differ significantly and in a cell-type-specific manner in their structure, numerical abundance and enzyme composition. Whereas catalase showed significant differences between distinct cell types, Pex14p proved to be the marker of choice for labeling all lung peroxisomes. In alveolar type II cells and alveolar macrophages peroxisomes contained significant amounts of the lipid transporter ABCD3 and beta-oxidation enzymes, suggesting their involvement in the modification and recycling of surfactant lipids and in the control of lipid mediators and ligands for nuclear receptors of the PPAR family. Possible connections between ROS and lipid metabolism of lung peroxisomes are discussed.
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Brites P, Mooyer PAW, el Mrabet L, Waterham HR, Wanders RJA. Plasmalogens participate in very-long-chain fatty acid-induced pathology. Brain 2008; 132:482-92. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Absence of functional peroxisomes from mouse CNS causes dysmyelination and axon degeneration. J Neurosci 2008; 28:4015-27. [PMID: 18400901 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4968-07.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal metabolism is essential for normal brain development both in men and in mice. Using conditional knock-out mice, we recently showed that peroxisome deficiency in liver has a severe and persistent impact on the formation of cortex and cerebellum, whereas absence of functional peroxisomes from the CNS only causes developmental delays without obvious alteration of brain architecture. We now report that a substantial fraction of the latter Nes-Pex5 knock-out mice survive into adulthood but develop progressive motoric and coordination problems, impaired exploration, and a deficit in cognition and die before the age of 6 months. Histopathologically, both the white and gray matter of the CNS displayed a region-specific accumulation of neutral lipids, astrogliosis and microgliosis, upregulation of catalase, and scattered cell death. Nes-Pex5 knock-out mice featured a dramatic reduction of myelin staining in corpus callosum, whereas cerebellum and other white matter tracts were less affected or unchanged. This was accompanied by a depletion of alkenylphospholipids in myelin and differentially reduced immunoreactivity of myelin proteins. EM analysis revealed that myelin wrappings around axons did still form, but they showed a reduction in thickness relative to axon diameters. Remarkably, multifocal axonal damage occurred in the corpus callosum. Thereby, debris accumulated between axolemma and inner myelin surface and axons collapsed, although myelin sheaths remained present. These anomalies of myelinated axons were already present in juvenile mice but aggravated in adulthood. Together, loss of CNS peroxisomal metabolism both affects myelin sheaths and axonal integrity possibly via independent pathways.
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Tanaka K, Shimizu T, Ohtsuka Y, Yamashiro Y, Oshida K. Early dietary treatments with Lorenzo's oil and docosahexaenoic acid for neurological development in a case with Zellweger syndrome. Brain Dev 2007; 29:586-9. [PMID: 17418516 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We treated a girl with Zellweger syndrome using a special infant formula supplemented with middle chain triglyceride (MCT) milk, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Lorenzo's oil, and Lunaria oil, which is rich in nervonic acid (C24:1). We examined the fatty acid contents of the plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Neurological development was evaluated using Denver developmental screening test and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Her delayed neurological development, liver dysfunction, and cholestasis were all improved 2 weeks after starting the dietary treatment. DHA level in RBC membranes was increased and very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA,C26:0) levels were decreased. Our findings suggest that the dietary treatment with combination of MCT milk, DHA, Lorenzo's oil, and Lunaria oil in the patients with Zellweger syndrome bring some benefits for neurological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Saito M, Horikawa M, Iwamori Y, Sakakihara Y, Mizuguchi M, Igarashi T, Fujiki Y, Iwamori M. Alterations in the molecular species of plasmalogen phospholipids and glycolipids due to peroxisomal dysfunction in Chinese hamster ovary-mutant Z65 cells by FABMS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 852:367-73. [PMID: 17383243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the molecular species of lipids associated with Pex2 gene-mutation were investigated to elucidate the pathogeneses of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Although no differences were observed in the concentrations of cholesterol and phosphatidyl choline between mutated Z65 and control CHO-K1 cells, the amounts of cholesterol esters and glycolipids in Z65 cells were twice those in CHO-K1 cells, but phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), particularly 1-O-octadec-1'-enyl-2-oleoyl PE, was absent in Z65 cells by FABMS. Enhanced synthesis of glycolipids in Z65 cells was associated with an abundance of lignoceric acid-containing ones, suggesting a role of glycolipids in the retention of longer saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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18
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Baes M, Van Veldhoven PP. Generalised and conditional inactivation of Pex genes in mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:1785-93. [PMID: 17007945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During the past 10 years, several Pex genes have been knocked out in the mouse with the purpose to generate models to study the pathogenesis of peroxisome biogenesis disorders and/or to investigate the physiological importance of the Pex proteins. More recently, mice with selective inactivation of a Pex gene in particular cell types were created. The metabolic abnormalities in peroxisome deficient mice paralleled to a large extent those of Zellweger patients. Several but not all of the clinical and histological features reported in patients also occurred in peroxisome deficient mice as for example hypotonia, cortical and cerebellar malformations, endochondral ossification defects, hepatomegaly, liver fibrosis and ultrastructural abnormalities of mitochondria in hepatocytes. Although the molecular origins of the observed pathologies have not yet been resolved, several new insights on the importance of peroxisomes in different tissues have emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Baes
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism, Campus Gasthuisberg Onderwijs en Navorsing II, bus 823 Herestraat 49 B-3000, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Chevillard G, Clémencet MC, Latruffe N, Nicolas-Francès V. Targeted disruption of the peroxisomal thiolase B gene in mouse: a new model to study disorders related to peroxisomal lipid metabolism. Biochimie 2004; 86:849-56. [PMID: 15589695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisomal beta-oxidation system consists of four steps catalysed by three enzymes: acyl-CoA oxidase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (multifunctional enzyme) and thiolase. In humans, thiolase activity is encoded by one gene, whereas in rodents, three enzymes encoded by three distinct genes (i.e. thiolase A, thiolase B and SCP2/thiolase) catalyse the thiolase activity. So far, acyl-CoA oxidase- and multifunctional enzyme-deficient patients have been identified and knock-out mice for these genes have been produced. Conversely, no isolated thiolase-deficient patient has been found, and no thiolase (A or B)-deficient mice have been generated. Hence, to better understand the cause of isolated human thiolase deficiency, we disrupted the catalytic site of the mouse thiolase B by homologous recombination in order to analyse the phenotype of these thiolase B-deficient mice. Mice, made homozygous for the mutation, lack expression of thiolase B mRNA and are viable, fertile and healthy at birth. They exhibit no detectable phenotype defects and no compensation, rather a slight decrease in other peroxisomal thiolase (thiolase A and SCPx) mRNAs, was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Chevillard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (GDR-CNRS n(o) 2583), Université de Bourgogne, 6, bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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20
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Nagura M, Saito M, Iwamori M, Sakakihara Y, Igarashi T. Alterations of fatty acid metabolism and membrane fluidity in peroxisome-defective mutant ZP102 cells. Lipids 2004; 39:43-50. [PMID: 15055234 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated lipid composition and FA metabolism in Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1) cells and Pex5-mutated CHO-K1 (ZP102) cells to clarify the biochemical bases of peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD). ZP102 cells have defective peroxisomes and exhibit impairments of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of FA and plasmalogen biosynthesis. In addition, we identified FA metabolic alterations in the synthesis of several classes of lipids in ZP102 cells. The concentration of FFA in ZP102 cells was twice that in CHO-K1 cells, but methyl esters and TAG were decreased in ZP102 cells in comparison with control cells. Also, ceramide monohexoside (CMH) concentration with ZP102 cells was significantly increased compared with the control cells. The FA molecular species, particularly the saturated to unsaturated ratios, of individual lipids also differed between the two cell types. The rate of incorporation of [14C]-labeled saturated acids into sphingomyelin (SM) and CMH in ZP102 cells was higher than that in CHO-K1 cells. Lignoceric acid incorporated into cells was predominantly utilized for the synthesis of SM at 24 h after removal of [14C]lignoceric acid from the culture medium. ZP102 cells showed higher fluorescence anisotropy of 1,3,5-diphenylhexatriene, corresponding to lower membrane mobility than in CHO-K1 cells. In particular, alteration of lipid metabolism by a Pex5 mutation enhanced metabolism of saturated FA and sphingolipids. This may be related to the reduced membrane fluidity of ZP102 cells, which has been implicated in the dysfunction of membrane-linked processes in PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Nagura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Roels F, Depreter M, Espeel M, D'Herde K, Kerckaert I, Vamecq J, Van den Branden C. Peroxisomes during development and in distinct cell types. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 544:39-54. [PMID: 14713210 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9072-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Roels
- Dept. of Pathology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Chevillard G, Clémencet MC, Etienne P, Martin P, Pineau T, Latruffe N, Nicolas-Francès V. Molecular cloning, gene structure and expression profile of two mouse peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase genes. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2004; 5:3. [PMID: 15043762 PMCID: PMC404372 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rats, two peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase genes (A and B) have been cloned, whereas only one thiolase gene is found in humans. The aim of this study was thus to clone the different mouse thiolase genes in order to study both their tissue expression and their associated enzymatic activity. RESULTS In this study, we cloned and characterized two mouse peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase genes (termed thiolase A and B). Both thiolase A and B genes contain 12 exons and 11 introns. Using RNA extracted from mouse liver, we cloned the two corresponding cDNAs. Thiolase A and B cDNAs possess an open reading frame of 1272 nucleotides encoding a protein of 424 amino acids. In the coding sequence, the two thiolase genes exhibited approximately equal to 97% nucleotide sequence identity and approximately equal to 96% identity at the amino acid level. The tissue-specific expression of the two peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase genes was studied in mice. Thiolase A mRNA was mainly expressed in liver and intestine, while thiolase B mRNA essentially exhibited hepatic expression and weaker levels in kidney, intestine and white adipose tissue. Thiolase A and B expressions in the other tissues such as brain or muscle were very low though these tissues were chiefly involved in peroxisomal disorders. At the enzymatic level, thiolase activity was detected in liver, kidney, intestine and white adipose tissue but no significant difference was observed between these four tissues. Moreover, thiolase A and B genes were differently induced in liver of mice treated with fenofibrate. CONCLUSION Two mouse thiolase genes and cDNAs were cloned. Their corresponding transcripts are mostly expressed in the liver of mice and are differently induced by fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Chevillard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (GDR-CNRS n°2583), Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claude Clémencet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (GDR-CNRS n°2583), Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Etienne
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (GDR-CNRS n°2583), Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pascal Martin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, INRA, BP 3, 31931 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Pineau
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, INRA, BP 3, 31931 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (GDR-CNRS n°2583), Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Nicolas-Francès
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (GDR-CNRS n°2583), Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Abstract
Functional peroxisome deficiency, as encountered in Zellweger syndrome, causes a specific impairment of neuronal migration. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuronal migration defect are at present unknown, the excess of very long chain fatty acids in brain, a consequence of peroxisomalbeta-oxidation deficiency, has often been hypothesized to play a major role. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of peroxisomal dysfunction in brain as opposed to peroxisomal dysfunction in extraneuronal tissues to the migration defect. Peroxisomes were selectively reconstituted either in brain or liver of Pex5 knock-out mice, a model for Zellweger syndrome, by tissue-selective overexpression of Pex5p. We found that both rescue strains exhibited a significant correction of the neuronal migration defect despite an incomplete reconstitution of peroxisomal function in the targeted tissue. Animals with a simultaneous rescue of peroxisomes in both tissues displayed a pattern of neuronal migration indistinguishable from that of wild-type animals on the basis of cresyl violet staining and 5',3'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine birth-dating analysis. These data suggest that peroxisomal metabolism in brain but also in extraneuronal tissues affects the normal development of the mouse neocortex. In liver-rescued mice, the improvement of the neuronal migration was not accompanied by changes in very long chain fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or plasmalogen levels in brain, indicating that other metabolic factors can influence the neuronal migration process.
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Janssen A, Gressens P, Grabenbauer M, Baumgart E, Schad A, Vanhorebeek I, Brouwers A, Declercq PE, Fahimi D, Evrard P, Schoonjans L, Collen D, Carmeliet P, Mannaerts G, Van Veldhoven P, Baes M. Neuronal migration depends on intact peroxisomal function in brain and in extraneuronal tissues. J Neurosci 2003; 23:9732-41. [PMID: 14586000 PMCID: PMC6740889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional peroxisome deficiency, as encountered in Zellweger syndrome, causes a specific impairment of neuronal migration. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuronal migration defect are at present unknown, the excess of very long chain fatty acids in brain, a consequence of peroxisomalbeta-oxidation deficiency, has often been hypothesized to play a major role. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of peroxisomal dysfunction in brain as opposed to peroxisomal dysfunction in extraneuronal tissues to the migration defect. Peroxisomes were selectively reconstituted either in brain or liver of Pex5 knock-out mice, a model for Zellweger syndrome, by tissue-selective overexpression of Pex5p. We found that both rescue strains exhibited a significant correction of the neuronal migration defect despite an incomplete reconstitution of peroxisomal function in the targeted tissue. Animals with a simultaneous rescue of peroxisomes in both tissues displayed a pattern of neuronal migration indistinguishable from that of wild-type animals on the basis of cresyl violet staining and 5',3'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine birth-dating analysis. These data suggest that peroxisomal metabolism in brain but also in extraneuronal tissues affects the normal development of the mouse neocortex. In liver-rescued mice, the improvement of the neuronal migration was not accompanied by changes in very long chain fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or plasmalogen levels in brain, indicating that other metabolic factors can influence the neuronal migration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Janssen
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, K. U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Kramer MF, Cook WJ, Roth FP, Zhu J, Holman H, Knipe DM, Coen DM. Latent herpes simplex virus infection of sensory neurons alters neuronal gene expression. J Virol 2003; 77:9533-41. [PMID: 12915567 PMCID: PMC187408 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.17.9533-9541.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the diseases that it causes in the human population can be attributed to the maintenance of a latent infection within neurons in sensory ganglia. Little is known about the effects of latent infection on the host neuron. We have addressed the question of whether latent HSV infection affects neuronal gene expression by using microarray transcript profiling of host gene expression in ganglia from latently infected versus mock-infected mouse trigeminal ganglia. (33)P-labeled cDNA probes from pooled ganglia harvested at 30 days postinfection or post-mock infection were hybridized to nylon arrays printed with 2,556 mouse genes. Signal intensities were acquired by phosphorimager. Mean intensities (n = 4 replicates in each of three independent experiments) of signals from mock-infected versus latently infected ganglia were compared by using a variant of Student's t test. We identified significant changes in the expression of mouse neuronal genes, including several with roles in gene expression, such as the Clk2 gene, and neurotransmission, such as genes encoding potassium voltage-gated channels and a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. We confirmed the neuronal localization of some of these transcripts by using in situ hybridization. To validate the microarray results, we performed real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analyses for a selection of the genes. These studies demonstrate that latent HSV infection can alter neuronal gene expression and might provide a new mechanism for how persistent viral infection can cause chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha F Kramer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Depreter M, Walker T, De Smet K, Beken S, Kerckaert I, Rogiers V, Roels F. Hepatocyte polarity and the peroxisomal compartment: a comparative study. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2002; 34:139-51. [PMID: 12495220 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020990414190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In search of factors that regulate the phenotype of the peroxisomal compartment in wild-type liver parenchymal cells, we compared hepatocyte polarity to peroxisome differentiation, using adult liver as the standard. Differentiation parameters were evaluated in a three-dimensional culture model (spheroid), in 'sandwich' and monolayer primary hepatocyte cultures, and in 15.5 and 18.5-day-old foetal rat liver. Peroxisomes, studied by immunohistochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, and catalase specific activity, were better differentiated depending on foetal age (day 18.5 > day 15.5) and culture type (spheroid > sandwich > monolayer). The hepatocyte polarity markers ATP-, ADP-, and AMP-hydrolysing activities were, in all models, mislocalized at the lateral plasma membrane, whereas in contrast the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (mrp2) antigen was always correctly immunolocalized at the apical membrane domain. In cultures, the correct secretion of fluorescein (mrp2-mediated) into bile canaliculi was observed. Bile canaliculi (branching, ultrastructure and immunolocalization of the tight-junction associated protein ZO-1), were better differentiated in 18.5 than in 15.5-day-old foetal liver and in spheroid > sandwich > monolayer cultures. Our results show a parallelism between changes of the peroxisomal compartment and bile canalicular structure together with mrp2-mediated secretory function. Distinct polarization characteristics do not necessarily change simultaneously, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Depreter
- Department of Human Anatomy, Embryology, Histology, and Medical Physics, Ghent University, Godshuizenlaan 4, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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