1
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Salcedo C, Pozo Garcia V, García-Adán B, Ameen AO, Gegelashvili G, Waagepetersen HS, Freude KK, Aldana BI. Increased glucose metabolism and impaired glutamate transport in human astrocytes are potential early triggers of abnormal extracellular glutamate accumulation in hiPSC-derived models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2024; 168:822-840. [PMID: 38063257 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate recycling between neurons and astrocytes is essential to maintain neurotransmitter homeostasis. Disturbances in glutamate homeostasis, resulting in excitotoxicity and neuronal death, have been described as a potential mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. However, glutamate neurotransmitter metabolism in different human brain cells, particularly astrocytes, has been poorly investigated at the early stages of AD. We sought to investigate glucose and glutamate metabolism in AD by employing human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes and neurons carrying mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) gene as found in familial types of AD (fAD). Methods such as live-cell bioenergetics and metabolic mapping using [13C]-enriched substrates were used to examine metabolism in the early stages of AD. Our results revealed greater glycolysis and glucose oxidative metabolism in astrocytes and neurons with APP or PSEN-1 mutations, accompanied by an elevated glutamate synthesis compared to control WT cells. Astrocytes with APP or PSEN-1 mutations exhibited reduced expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), and glutamine uptake increased in mutated neurons, with enhanced glutamate release specifically in neurons with a PSEN-1 mutation. These results demonstrate a hypermetabolic phenotype in astrocytes with fAD mutations possibly linked to toxic glutamate accumulation. Our findings further identify metabolic imbalances that may occur in the early phases of AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victoria Pozo Garcia
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernat García-Adán
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aishat O Ameen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgi Gegelashvili
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Long Y, Zhao Z, Xie W, Shi J, Yang F, Zhu D, Jiang P, Tang Q, Ti Z, Jiang B, Yang X, Gao G, Qi W. Kallistatin leads to cognition impairment via downregulating glutamine synthetase. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107145. [PMID: 38492829 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), glutamate-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity is considered the basis for cognitive impairment. The mRNA and protein expression of SERPINA4(Kallistatin) are higher in patients with AD. However, whether Kallistatin plays a regulatory role in glutamate-glutamine cycle homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we identified impaired cognitive function in Kallistatin transgenic (KAL-TG) mice. Baseline glutamate levels were elevated and miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency was increased in the hippocampus, suggesting the impairment of glutamate homeostasis in KAL-TG mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Kallistatin promoted lysine acetylation and ubiquitination of glutamine synthetase (GS) and facilitated its degradation via the proteasome pathway, thereby downregulating GS. Fenofibrate improved cognitive memory in KAL-TG mice by downregulating serum Kallistatin. Collectively, our study findings provide insights the mechanism by which Kallistatin regulates cognitive impairment, and suggest the potential of fenofibrate to prevente and treat of AD patients with high levels of Kallistatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanting Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medical Laboratory, Guangzhou First People Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qilong Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Ti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
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3
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Vázquez-Durán DL, Ortega A, Rodríguez A. Amino Acid Transporters Proteins Involved in the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Their Alterations in Murine Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03966-3. [PMID: 38273046 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The brain's ability to integrate external stimuli and generate responses is highly complex. While these mechanisms are not completely understood, current evidence suggests that alterations in cellular metabolism and microenvironment are involved in some dysfunctions as complex as Alzheimer's disease. This pathology courses with defects in the establishment of chemical synapses, which is dependent on the production and supply of neurotransmitters like glutamate and its recycling through the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Alterations in the expression and function of the amino acid transporters proteins involved in this cycle have recently been reported in different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Most of these data come from patients in advanced stages of the disease or post-mortem, due to the ethical and technical limitations of human studies. Therefore, genetically modified mouse models have been an excellent tool to analyze metabolic and even behavioral parameters that are very similar to those that develop in Alzheimer's disease, even at presymptomatic stages. Hence, this paper analyzes the role of glutamate metabolism and its intercellular trafficking in excitatory synapses from different approaches using transgenic mouse models; such an analysis will contribute to our present understanding of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Cinvestav- IPN, Mexico City, México
| | - Angelina Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México.
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4
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Rodríguez JJ, Zallo F, Gardenal E, Cabot J, Busquets X. Prominent and conspicuous astrocyte atrophy in human sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:2103-2113. [PMID: 37730895 PMCID: PMC10587264 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) and familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) remains poorly known, including the exact role of neuroglia and specifically astroglia, in part because studies of astrocytes in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain samples are scarce. As far as we know, this is the first study of a 3-D immunohistochemical and microstructural analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)- and glutamine synthetase (GS)-positive astrocytes performed in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of human SAD and FAD samples. In this study, we report prominent atrophic changes in GFAP and GS astrocytes in the EC of both SAD and FAD characterised by a decrease in area and volume when compared with non-demented control samples (ND). Furthermore, we did not find neither astrocytic loss nor astrocyte proliferation or hypertrophy (gliosis). In contrast with the astrogliosis classically accepted hypothesis, our results show a highly marked astrocyte atrophy that could have a major relevance in AD pathological processes being fundamental and key for AD mnesic and cognitive alterations equivalent in both SAD and FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rodríguez
- Functional Neuroanatomy Group; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48009/48940, Bilbao/Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
| | - F Zallo
- Functional Neuroanatomy Group; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48009/48940, Bilbao/Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - E Gardenal
- Functional Neuroanatomy Group; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48009/48940, Bilbao/Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Joan Cabot
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - X Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain
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5
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Sziraki A, Lu Z, Lee J, Banyai G, Anderson S, Abdulraouf A, Metzner E, Liao A, Banfelder J, Epstein A, Schaefer C, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Gan L, Nelson PT, Zhou W, Cao J. A global view of aging and Alzheimer's pathogenesis-associated cell population dynamics and molecular signatures in human and mouse brains. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2104-2116. [PMID: 38036784 PMCID: PMC10703679 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods fall short in unraveling the dynamics of rare cell types related to aging and diseases. Here we introduce EasySci, an advanced single-cell combinatorial indexing strategy for exploring age-dependent cellular dynamics in the mammalian brain. Profiling approximately 1.5 million single-cell transcriptomes and 400,000 chromatin accessibility profiles across diverse mouse brains, we identified over 300 cell subtypes, uncovering their molecular characteristics and spatial locations. This comprehensive view elucidates rare cell types expanded or depleted upon aging. We also investigated cell-type-specific responses to genetic alterations linked to Alzheimer's disease, identifying associated rare cell types. Additionally, by profiling 118,240 human brain single-cell transcriptomes, we discerned cell- and region-specific transcriptomic changes tied to Alzheimer's pathogenesis. In conclusion, this research offers a valuable resource for probing cell-type-specific dynamics in both normal and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Sziraki
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziyu Lu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasper Lee
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabor Banyai
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonya Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abdulraouf Abdulraouf
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli Metzner
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Liao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Banfelder
- High Performance Computing Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Epstein
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Schaefer
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zihan Xu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zehao Zhang
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Perrin F, Anderson LC, Mitchell SPC, Sinha P, Turchyna Y, Maesako M, Houser MCQ, Zhang C, Wagner SL, Tanzi RE, Berezovska O. PS1/gamma-secretase acts as rogue chaperone of glutamate transporter EAAT2/GLT-1 in Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3495211. [PMID: 37986905 PMCID: PMC10659539 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3495211/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered interaction between presenilin 1 (PS1), a catalytic subunit of γ-secretase responsible for the generation of amyloid-β(Aβ) peptides, and GLT-1, the major glutamate transporter in the brain (EAAT2 in the human) may provide a mechanistic link between two important pathological aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD): abnormal Aβoccurrence and neuronal network hyperactivity. In the current study, we employed a FRET-based approach, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), to characterize the PS1/GLT-1 interaction in its native environment in the brain tissue of sporadic AD (sAD) patients. There was significantly less interaction between PS1 and GLT-1 in sAD brains, compared to tissue from patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), or non-demented age-matched controls. Since PS1 has been shown to adopt pathogenic "closed" conformation in sAD but not in FTLD, we assessed the impact of changes in PS1 conformation on the interaction. Familial AD (fAD) PS1 mutations which induce a "closed" PS1 conformation similar to that in sAD brain and gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) which induce a "relaxed" conformation, reduced and increased the interaction, respectively. This indicates that PS1 conformation seems to have a direct effect on the interaction with GLT-1. Furthermore, using biotinylation/streptavidin pull-down, western blotting, and cycloheximide chase assays, we determined that the presence of PS1 increased GLT-1 cell surface expression and GLT-1 homomultimer formation, but did not impact GLT-1 protein stability. Together, the current findings suggest that the newly described PS1/GLT-1 interaction endows PS1 with chaperone activity, modulating GLT-1 transport to the cell surface and stabilizing the dimeric-trimeric states of the protein. The diminished PS1/GLT-1 interaction suggests that these functions of the interaction may not work properly in AD.
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7
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Huffels CFM, Middeldorp J, Hol EM. Aß Pathology and Neuron-Glia Interactions: A Synaptocentric View. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1026-1046. [PMID: 35976488 PMCID: PMC10030451 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Early pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) and activation of both astrocytes and microglia. Neurons form the building blocks of the central nervous system, and astrocytes and microglia provide essential input for its healthy functioning. Their function integrates at the level of the synapse, which is therefore sometimes referred to as the "quad-partite synapse". Increasing evidence puts AD forward as a disease of the synapse, where pre- and postsynaptic processes, as well as astrocyte and microglia functioning progressively deteriorate. Here, we aim to review the current knowledge on how Aß accumulation functionally affects the individual components of the quad-partite synapse. We highlight a selection of processes that are essential to the healthy functioning of the neuronal synapse, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic receptor functioning. We further discuss how Aß affects the astrocyte's capacity to recycle neurotransmitters, release gliotransmitters, and maintain ion homeostasis. We additionally review literature on how Aß changes the immunoprotective function of microglia during AD progression and conclude by summarizing our main findings and highlighting the challenges in current studies, as well as the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F M Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology & Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Andersen JV, Schousboe A. Glial Glutamine Homeostasis in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1100-1128. [PMID: 36322369 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is an essential cerebral metabolite. Several critical brain processes are directly linked to glutamine, including ammonia homeostasis, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter recycling. Astrocytes synthesize and release large quantities of glutamine, which is taken up by neurons to replenish the glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter pools. Astrocyte glutamine hereby sustains the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, synaptic transmission and general brain function. Cerebral glutamine homeostasis is linked to the metabolic coupling of neurons and astrocytes, and relies on multiple cellular processes, including TCA cycle function, synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter uptake. Dysregulations of processes related to glutamine homeostasis are associated with several neurological diseases and may mediate excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. In particular, diminished astrocyte glutamine synthesis is a common neuropathological component, depriving neurons of an essential metabolic substrate and precursor for neurotransmitter synthesis, hereby leading to synaptic dysfunction. While astrocyte glutamine synthesis is quantitatively dominant in the brain, oligodendrocyte-derived glutamine may serve important functions in white matter structures. In this review, the crucial roles of glial glutamine homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain are discussed. First, we provide an overview of cellular recycling, transport, synthesis and metabolism of glutamine in the brain. These cellular aspects are subsequently discussed in relation to pathological glutamine homeostasis of hepatic encephalopathy, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further studies on the multifaceted roles of cerebral glutamine will not only increase our understanding of the metabolic collaboration between brain cells, but may also aid to reveal much needed therapeutic targets of several neurological pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Fontana IC, Souza DG, Souza DO, Gee A, Zimmer ER, Bongarzone S. A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2330-2346. [PMID: 36787643 PMCID: PMC9969404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) plays a key role in the clearance and recycling of glutamate - the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. EAAT2 loss/dysfunction triggers a cascade of neurodegenerative events, comprising glutamatergic excitotoxicity and neuronal death. Nevertheless, our current knowledge regarding EAAT2 in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), is restricted to post-mortem analysis of brain tissue and experimental models. Thus, detecting EAAT2 in the living human brain might be crucial to improve diagnosis/therapy for ALS and AD. This perspective article describes the role of EAAT2 in physio/pathological processes and provides a structure-activity relationship of EAAT2-binders, bringing two perspectives: therapy (activators) and diagnosis (molecular imaging tools).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16 - Neo floor seventh, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Débora G Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antony Gee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (PPGBioq), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala, 305 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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10
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Matias I, Diniz LP, Araujo APB, Damico IV, de Moura P, Cabral-Miranda F, Diniz F, Parmeggiani B, de Mello Coelho V, Leite REP, Suemoto CK, Ferreira GC, Kubrusly RCC, Gomes FCA. Age-Associated Upregulation of Glutamate Transporters and Glutamine Synthetase in Senescent Astrocytes In Vitro and in the Mouse and Human Hippocampus. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231157974. [PMID: 36815213 PMCID: PMC9950616 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231157974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is marked by complex and progressive physiological changes, including in the glutamatergic system, that lead to a decline of brain function. Increased content of senescent cells in the brain, such as glial cells, has been reported to impact cognition both in animal models and human tissue during normal aging and in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Changes in the glutamatergic synaptic activity rely on the glutamate-glutamine cycle, in which astrocytes handle glutamate taken up from synapses and provide glutamine for neurons, thus maintaining excitatory neurotransmission. However, the mechanisms of glutamate homeostasis in brain aging are still poorly understood. Herein, we showed that mouse senescent astrocytes in vitro undergo upregulation of GLT-1, GLAST, and glutamine synthetase (GS), along with the increased enzymatic activity of GS and [3H]-D-aspartate uptake. Furthermore, we observed higher levels of GS and increased [3H]-D-aspartate uptake in the hippocampus of aged mice, although the activity of GS was similar between young and old mice. Analysis of a previously available RNAseq dataset of mice at different ages revealed upregulation of GLAST and GS mRNA levels in hippocampal astrocytes during aging. Corroborating these rodent data, we showed an increased number of GS + cells, and GS and GLT-1 levels/intensity in the hippocampus of elderly humans. Our data suggest that aged astrocytes undergo molecular and functional changes that control glutamate-glutamine homeostasis upon brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Matias
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Isadora Matias, Instituto de Ciências
Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Luan Pereira Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Bergamo Araujo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isabella Vivarini Damico
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Pâmella de Moura
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal
Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil
| | - Felipe Cabral-Miranda
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fabiola Diniz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Valeria de Mello Coelho
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Renata E. P. Leite
- Biobanco para Estudos em Envelhecimento, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil,Divisão de Geriatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Claudia K. Suemoto
- Divisão de Geriatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil,Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes. Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de
Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil.
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11
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Oda S, Funato H. D1- and D2-type dopamine receptors are immunolocalized in pial and layer I astrocytes in the rat cerebral cortex. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1111008. [PMID: 36865631 PMCID: PMC9971002 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pial astrocytes, a cellular component of the cerebral cortex surface structure, are observed in a wide range of mammalian species. Despite being recognized as such, the functional potential of pial astrocytes has long been overlooked. Our previous research demonstrated that pial astrocytes exhibit stronger immunoreactivity for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 than protoplasmic astrocytes, indicating sensitivity to neuromodulators. Here, we examined whether pial astrocytes express receptors for dopamine, another crucial neuromodulator of cortical activity. We investigated the immunolocalization of each dopamine receptor subtype (D1R, D2R, D4R, D5R) in the rat cerebral cortex, and compared the intensity of immunoreactivity between pial astrocytes, protoplasmic astrocytes, and pyramidal cells. Our findings revealed that pial astrocytes and layer I astrocytes exhibit stronger D1R- and D4R-immunoreactivity than D2R and D5R. These immunoreactivities were primarily localized in the somata and thick processes of pial and layer I astrocytes. In contrast, protoplasmic astrocytes located in cortical layers II-VI displayed low or negligible immunoreactivities for dopamine receptors. D4R- and D5R-immunopositivity was distributed throughout pyramidal cells including somata and apical dendrites. These findings suggest that the dopaminergic system may regulate the activity of pial and layer I astrocytes via D1R and D4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Oda
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Satoko Oda Hiromasa Funato
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan,*Correspondence: Satoko Oda Hiromasa Funato
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12
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Campolo N, Mastrogiovanni M, Mariotti M, Issoglio FM, Estrin D, Hägglund P, Grune T, Davies MJ, Bartesaghi S, Radi R. Multiple oxidative post-translational modifications of human glutamine synthetase mediate peroxynitrite-dependent enzyme inactivation and aggregation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102941. [PMID: 36702251 PMCID: PMC10011836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS), which catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of L-glutamine from L-glutamate and ammonia, is a ubiquitous and conserved enzyme that plays a pivotal role in nitrogen metabolism across all life domains. In vertebrates, GS is highly expressed in astrocytes, where its activity sustains the glutamate-glutamine cycle at glutamatergic synapses and is thus essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. In fact, decreased GS levels or activity have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, with these alterations attributed to oxidative post-translational modifications of the protein, in particular tyrosine nitration. In this study, we expressed and purified human GS (HsGS) and performed an in-depth analysis of its oxidative inactivation by peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in vitro. We found that ONOO- exposure led to a dose-dependent loss of HsGS activity, the oxidation of cysteine, methionine, and tyrosine residues and also the nitration of tryptophan and tyrosine residues. Peptide mapping by LC-MS/MS through combined H216O/H218O trypsin digestion identified up to 10 tyrosine nitration sites and five types of dityrosine cross-links; these modifications were further scrutinized by structural analysis. Tyrosine residues 171, 185, 269, 283, and 336 were the main nitration targets; however, tyrosine-to-phenylalanine HsGS mutants revealed that their sole nitration was not responsible for enzyme inactivation. In addition, we observed that ONOO- induced HsGS aggregation and activity loss. Thiol oxidation was a key modification to elicit aggregation, as it was also induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that multiple oxidative events at various sites are responsible for the inactivation and aggregation of human GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Campolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Michele Mariotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Federico M Issoglio
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Darío Estrin
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Per Hägglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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13
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Protective effect of kaempferol against cognitive and neurological disturbances induced by d-galactose and aluminum chloride in mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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14
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Tonner H, Hunn S, Auler N, Schmelter C, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Dynamin-like Protein 1 (DNML1) as a Molecular Target for Antibody-Based Immunotherapy to Treat Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113618. [PMID: 36362420 PMCID: PMC9654827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow and progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the main characteristic of glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Previous studies have shown that impaired mitochondrial dynamics could facilitate retinal neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated directly (fission) or more indirectly (fusion) by dynamin-like protein 1 (DNML1). Therefore, DNM1L might be a promising target for an antibody-based approach to treat glaucoma. The consequences of targeting endogenous DNM1L by antibodies in a glaucoma animal model have not been investigated yet. Here, we show that the intravitreal application of an anti-DNM1L antibody showed protective effects regarding the survival of RGCs and their axons in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Antibody treatment also improved retinal functionality, as observed by electroretinography (Ganzfeld ERG). Western blot analysis revealed altered DNM1L phosphorylation and altered expression of proteins related to apoptosis suggesting a decreased apoptosis rate. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed 28 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated proteins (p < 0.05) in both experimental groups. Protein pathway analysis showed that many proteins interacted directly with the target protein DNM1L and could be classified into three main protein clusters: Vesicle traffic-associated (NSF, SNCA, ARF1), mitochondrion-associated (HSP9A, SLC25A5/ANT2, GLUD1) and cytoskeleton-associated (MAP1A) signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that DNM1L is a promising target for an antibody-based approach to glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-3328; Fax: +49-6131-4970563
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15
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Toledano-Díaz A, Álvarez MI, Toledano A. The relationships between neuroglial alterations and neuronal changes in Alzheimer's disease, and the related controversies I: Gliopathogenesis and glioprotection. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221128703. [PMID: 36238130 PMCID: PMC9551335 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221128703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Alois Alzheimer described the pathology of Alzheimer's disease in 1907, an increasing number of studies have attempted to discover its causes and possible ways to treat it. For decades, research has focused on neuronal degeneration and the disruption to the neural circuits that occurs during disease progression, undervaluing in some extent the alterations to glial cells even though these alterations were described in the very first studies of this disease. In recent years, it has been recognized that different families of neuroglia are not merely support cells for neurons but rather key and active elements in the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Alterations to different types of neuroglia (especially astroglia and microglia but also mature oligodendroglia and oligodendroglial progenitors) have been identified in the initial neuropathological changes that lead to dementia, suggesting that they may represent therapeutic targets to prevent neurodegeneration. In this review, based on our own studies and on the relevant scientific literature, we argue that a careful and in-depth study of glial cells will be fundamental to understanding the origin and progression of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we analyze the main issues regarding the neuroprotective and neurotoxic role of neuroglial changes, reactions and/or involutions in both humans with Alzheimer's disease and in experimental models of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adolfo Toledano
- Instituto
Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain,Adolfo Toledano, CSIC, Avenida Dr Arce 37,
Madrid 28002, Spain.
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16
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Andersen JV, Schousboe A, Verkhratsky A. Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: integration of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102331. [PMID: 35872221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to the complex cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurons and astrocytes function in close collaboration through neurotransmitter recycling, collectively known as the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, which is essential to sustain neurotransmission. Neurotransmitter recycling is intimately linked to astrocyte energy metabolism. In the course of AD, astrocytes undergo extensive metabolic remodeling, which may profoundly affect the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. The consequences of altered astrocyte function and metabolism in relation to neurotransmitter recycling are yet to be comprehended. Metabolic alterations of astrocytes in AD deprive neurons of metabolic support, thereby contributing to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In addition, several astrocyte-specific components of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, including glutamine synthesis and synaptic neurotransmitter uptake, are perturbed in AD. Integration of the complex astrocyte biology within the context of AD is essential for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the disease, while restoring astrocyte metabolism may serve as an approach to arrest or even revert clinical progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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17
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Hulshof LA, van Nuijs D, Hol EM, Middeldorp J. The Role of Astrocytes in Synapse Loss in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:899251. [PMID: 35783099 PMCID: PMC9244621 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.899251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting 35 million people worldwide. One pathological feature of progressing AD is the loss of synapses. This is the strongest correlate of cognitive decline. Astrocytes, as an essential part of the tripartite synapse, play a role in synapse formation, maintenance, and elimination. During AD, astrocytes get a reactive phenotype with an altered gene expression profile and changed function compared to healthy astrocytes. This process likely affects their interaction with synapses. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the scientific literature including information on how astrocytes affect synapse formation and elimination in the brain of AD patients and in animal models of the disease. We review molecular and cellular changes in AD astrocytes and conclude that these predominantly result in lower synapse numbers, indicative of decreased synapse support or even synaptotoxicity, or increased elimination, resulting in synapse loss, and consequential cognitive decline, as associated with AD. Preventing AD induced changes in astrocytes might therefore be a potential therapeutic target for dementia. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=148278, identifier [CRD148278].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne A. Hulshof
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Danny van Nuijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elly M. Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jinte Middeldorp
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18
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Tureckova J, Kamenicka M, Kolenicova D, Filipi T, Hermanova Z, Kriska J, Meszarosova L, Pukajova B, Valihrach L, Androvic P, Zucha D, Chmelova M, Vargova L, Anderova M. Compromised Astrocyte Swelling/Volume Regulation in the Hippocampus of the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:783120. [PMID: 35153718 PMCID: PMC8829436 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.783120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to disclose the impact of amyloid-β toxicity and tau pathology on astrocyte swelling, their volume recovery and extracellular space (ECS) diffusion parameters, namely volume fraction (α) and tortuosity (λ), in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (3xTg-AD). Astrocyte volume changes, which reflect astrocyte ability to take up ions/neurotransmitters, were quantified during and after exposure to hypo-osmotic stress, or hyperkalemia in acute hippocampal slices, and were correlated with alterations in ECS diffusion parameters. Astrocyte volume and ECS diffusion parameters were monitored during physiological aging (controls) and during AD progression in 3-, 9-, 12- and 18-month-old mice. In the hippocampus of controls α gradually declined with age, while it remained unaffected in 3xTg-AD mice during the entire time course. Moreover, age-related increases in λ occurred much earlier in 3xTg-AD animals than in controls. In 3xTg-AD mice changes in α induced by hypo-osmotic stress or hyperkalemia were comparable to those observed in controls, however, AD progression affected α recovery following exposure to both. Compared to controls, a smaller astrocyte swelling was detected in 3xTg-AD mice only during hyperkalemia. Since we observed a large variance in astrocyte swelling/volume regulation, we divided them into high- (HRA) and low-responding astrocytes (LRA). In response to hyperkalemia, the incidence of LRA was higher in 3xTg-AD mice than in controls, which may also reflect compromised K+ and neurotransmitter uptake. Furthermore, we performed single-cell RT-qPCR to identify possible age-related alterations in astrocytic gene expression profiles. Already in 3-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, we detected a downregulation of genes affecting the ion/neurotransmitter uptake and cell volume regulation, namely genes of glutamate transporters, α2β2 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase, connexin 30 or Kir4.1 channel. In conclusion, the aged hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice displays an enlarged ECS volume fraction and an increased number of obstacles, which emerge earlier than in physiological aging. Both these changes may strongly affect intercellular communication and influence astrocyte ionic/neurotransmitter uptake, which becomes impaired during aging and this phenomenon is manifested earlier in 3xTg-AD mice. The increased incidence of astrocytes with limited ability to take up ions/neurotransmitters may further add to a cytotoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tureckova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jana Tureckova,
| | - Monika Kamenicka
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Denisa Kolenicova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tereza Filipi
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Hermanova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Kriska
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Meszarosova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Pukajova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Peter Androvic
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Daniel Zucha
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Chmelova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lydia Vargova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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19
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Radulović S, Sunkara S, Maurer C, Leitinger G. Digging Deeper: Advancements in Visualization of Inhibitory Synapses in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12470. [PMID: 34830352 PMCID: PMC8623765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has provided strong evidence that neurodegeneration may develop from an imbalance between synaptic structural components in the brain. Lately, inhibitory synapses communicating via the neurotransmitters GABA or glycine have come to the center of attention. Increasing evidence suggests that imbalance in the structural composition of inhibitory synapses affect deeply the ability of neurons to communicate effectively over synaptic connections. Progressive failure of synaptic plasticity and memory are thus hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. In order to prove that structural changes at synapses contribute to neurodegeneration, we need to visualize single-molecule interactions at synaptic sites in an exact spatial and time frame. This visualization has been restricted in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. New developments in electron microscopy and super-resolution microscopy have improved spatial and time resolution tremendously, opening up numerous possibilities. Here we critically review current and recently developed methods for high-resolution visualization of inhibitory synapses in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. We present advantages, strengths, weaknesses, and current limitations for selected methods in research, as well as present a future perspective. A range of new options has become available that will soon help understand the involvement of inhibitory synapses in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Radulović
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Sowmya Sunkara
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Christa Maurer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.R.); (S.S.)
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20
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Magdy S, Gamal M, Samir NF, Rashed L, Emad Aboulhoda B, Mohammed HS, Sharawy N. IκB kinase inhibition remodeled connexins, pannexin-1, and excitatory amino-acid transporters expressions to promote neuroprotection of galantamine and morphine. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7516-7532. [PMID: 33855721 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathway and disruption in glutamate homeostasis join at the level of the glia, resulting in various neurological disorders. In vitro studies have provided evidence that membrane proteins connexions (Cxs) are involved in glutamate release, meanwhile, excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs) are crucial for glutamate reuptake (clearance). Moreover, pannexin-1 (Panx-1) activation is more detrimental to neurons. Their expression patterns during inflammation and the impacts of IκB kinase (IKK) inhibition, morphine, and galantamine on the inflammatory-associated glutamate imbalance remain elusive. To investigate this, rats were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide. Thereafter, vehicles, morphine, galantamine, and BAY-117082 were administered in different groups of animals. Subsequently, electroencephalography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and histopathological examinations were carried out and various indicators of inflammation and glutamate level were determined. Parallel analysis of Cxs, Panx-1, and EAAts in the brain was performed. Our findings strengthen the concept that unregulated expressions of Cxs, Panx-1, and EAATs contribute to glutamate accumulation and neuronal cell loss. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) pathway can significantly contribute to glutamate homeostasis via modulating Cxs, Panx-1, and EAATs expressions. BAY-117082, via inhibition of IkK, promoted the anti-inflammatory effects of morphine as well as galantamine. We concluded that NF-κB is an important component of reshaping the expressions of Cxs, panx-1, and EAATs and the development of glutamate-induced neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Magdy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Gamal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy F Samir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Kolos EA, Korzhevskii DE. Glutamine Synthetase in the Cells of the Developing Rat Spinal Cord. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Ameliorative effects of oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) protein hydrolysate on age-induced cognitive impairment via restoring glia cell dysfunction and neuronal injured in zebrafish. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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23
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Wander CM, Song J. The neurogenic niche in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136109. [PMID: 34271133 PMCID: PMC9013442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is the process of generation and functional incorporation of new neurons, formed by adult neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is highly dependent upon the integration of dynamic external stimuli and is instrumental in the formation of new spatial memories. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is therefore uniquely sensitive to the summation of neuronal circuit and neuroimmune environments that comprise the neurogenic niche, and has powerful implications in diseases of aging and neurological disorders. This sensitivity underlies the neurogenic niche alterations commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. This review summarizes Alzheimer's disease associated changes in neuronal network activity, neuroinflammatory processes, and adult neural stem cell fate choice that ultimately result in neurogenic niche dysfunction and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex changes mediating neurogenic niche disturbances in Alzheimer's disease will aid development of future therapies targeting adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Wander
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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24
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On the Common Journey of Neural Cells through Ischemic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189689. [PMID: 34575845 PMCID: PMC8472292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD) both lead to cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) and thus negatively affect particularly the elderly population. Due to the lack of a definitive cure for brain ischemia and AD, it is advisable to carefully study, compare, and contrast the mechanisms that trigger, and are involved in, both neuropathologies. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may help ameliorate, or even prevent, the destructive effects of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we deal with ischemic damage and AD, with the main emphasis on the common properties of these CNS disorders. Importantly, we discuss the Wnt signaling pathway as a significant factor in the cell fate determination and cell survival in the diseased adult CNS. Finally, we summarize the interesting findings that may improve or complement the current sparse and insufficient treatments for brain ischemia and AD, and we delineate prospective directions in regenerative medicine.
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25
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Association Between Adenosine A 2A Receptors and Connexin 43 Regulates Hemichannels Activity and ATP Release in Astrocytes Exposed to Amyloid-β Peptides. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6232-6248. [PMID: 34476674 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates astrocytes and the associated purinergic modulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive deficits involving the extracellular amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) accumulation. Aβ can affect astrocytic gliotransmitters release, namely ATP, which is rapidly metabolized into adenosine by ecto-5'-nucleotidase, CD73, resulting in adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) activation that bolsters neurodegeneration. AD's brains exhibit an upregulation of A2AR and of connexin 43 (Cx43), which in astrocytes forms hemichannels that can mediate ATP release. However, a coupling between astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 remains to be established. This was now investigated using astrocytic primary cultures exposed to Aβ1-42 peptides. Aβ triggered ATP release through Cx43 hemichannels, a process blocked by A2AR antagonists and mimicked by selective A2AR activation. A2AR directly regulated hemichannels activity and prevented Cx43 upregulation and phosphorylation observed in Aβ1-42-exposed astrocytes. Moreover, a proximity ligand assay revealed a physical association between astrocytic A2AR and Cx43. Finally, the blockade of CD73-mediated extracellular formation of ATP-derived adenosine prevented the Aβ-induced increase of Cx43 hemichannel activity and of ATP release. Overall, the data identify a feed-forward loop involving astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 hemichannels, whereby A2AR increase Cx43 hemichannel activity leading to increased ATP release, which is converted into adenosine by CD73, sustaining the increased astrocytic A2AR activity in AD-like conditions.
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26
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Andersen JV, Markussen KH, Jakobsen E, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS, Rosenberg PA, Aldana BI. Glutamate metabolism and recycling at the excitatory synapse in health and neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108719. [PMID: 34273389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain. Cellular homeostasis of glutamate is of paramount importance for normal brain function and relies on an intricate metabolic collaboration between neurons and astrocytes. Glutamate is extensively recycled between neurons and astrocytes in a process known as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. The recycling of glutamate is closely linked to brain energy metabolism and is essential to sustain glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, a considerable amount of glutamate is also metabolized and serves as a metabolic hub connecting glucose and amino acid metabolism in both neurons and astrocytes. Disruptions in glutamate clearance, leading to neuronal overstimulation and excitotoxicity, have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the link between brain energy homeostasis and glutamate metabolism is gaining attention in several neurological conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the dynamics of synaptic glutamate homeostasis and the underlying metabolic processes with a cellular focus on neurons and astrocytes. In particular, we review the recently discovered role of neuronal glutamate uptake in synaptic glutamate homeostasis and discuss current advances in cellular glutamate metabolism in the context of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Understanding the intricate regulation of glutamate-dependent metabolic processes at the synapse will not only increase our insight into the metabolic mechanisms of glutamate homeostasis, but may reveal new metabolic targets to ameliorate neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kia H Markussen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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27
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Fan S, Li L, Xian X, Liu L, Gao J, Li W. Ceftriaxone regulates glutamate production and vesicular assembly in presynaptic terminals through GLT-1 in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 183:107480. [PMID: 34153453 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in the glutamate-glutamine cycle and glutamate release from presynaptic terminals have been involved in the development of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and mouse models. Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) removes glutamate from the synaptic cleft and transports it into astrocytes, where it is used as substrate for the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Ceftriaxone has been reported to improve cognitive deficits in AD mice by increasing GLT-1 expression, glutamate transformation to glutamine, and glutamine efflux from astrocytes. However, the impact of ceftriaxone on glutamine metabolism in neurons is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether ceftriaxone regulated the production and vesicular assembly of glutamate in the presynaptic terminals of neurons and to determine GLT-1 involvement in this process. We used the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) AD mouse model and GLT-1 knockdown APP/PS1 (GLT-1+/-/APP/PS1) mice. The expression levels of sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) and vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (VGLUT1/2) were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining as well as by Western blotting. Glutaminase activity was assayed by fluorometry. Ceftriaxone treatment significantly increased SNAT1 expression and glutaminase activity in neurons in APP/PS1 mice. Similarly, VGLUT1/2 levels were increased in the presynaptic terminals of APP/PS1 mice treated with ceftriaxone. The deletion of one GLT-1 allele in APP/PS1 mice prevented the ceftriaxone-induced upregulation of SNAT1 and VGLUT1/2 expression, indicating that GLT-1 played an important role in ceftriaxone effect. Based on the role of SNAT1, glutaminase, and VGLUT1/2 in the glutamate-glutamine cycle in neurons, the present results suggested that ceftriaxone improved the production and vesicular assembly of glutamate as a neurotransmitter in presynaptic terminals by acting on GLT-1 in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuJuan Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - XiaoHui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - LiRong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - JunXia Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - WenBin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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28
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Dejakaisaya H, Kwan P, Jones NC. Astrocyte and glutamate involvement in the pathogenesis of epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease. Epilepsia 2021; 62:1485-1493. [PMID: 33971019 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) can increase the risk of epilepsy by up to 10-fold compared to healthy age-matched controls. However, the pathological mechanisms that underlie this increased risk are poorly understood. Because disruption in brain glutamate homeostasis has been implicated in both AD and epilepsy, this might play a mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy in AD. Prior to the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, the brain can undergo pathological changes as a result of increased production of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ oligomers. Impairments in the glutamate uptake ability of astrocytes due to astrogliosis are hypothesized to be an early event occurring before Aβ plaque formation. Astrogliosis may increase the susceptibility to epileptogenesis of the brain via accumulation of extracellular glutamate and resulting excitotoxicity. Here we hypothesize that Aβ oligomers and proinflammatory cytokines can cause astrogliosis and accumulation of extracellular glutamate, which then contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy in AD. In this review article, we consider the evidence supporting a potential role of dysfunction of the glutamate-glutamine cycle and the astrocyte in the pathogenesis of epilepsy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattapark Dejakaisaya
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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29
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Li P, Wu Q, Li X, Hu B, Wen W, Xu S. Shenqi Yizhi Granule attenuates Aβ 1-42 induced cognitive dysfunction via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 activated astrocyte reactivity. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111400. [PMID: 33974937 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Shenqi Yizhi Granule (SYG), a modern preparation herbs based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to be effective against Alzheimer's disease in clinical trials, APP/PS1 mice and 5XFAD transgenic mice. But the underlying mechanism remains ambiguous. Increasing evidence supports the crucial role of astrocyte reactivity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we attempt to explore the underlying mechanisms of SYG from astrocyte reactivity in Aβ1-42-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. After SYG treatment, the impairment of learning and memory induced by Aβ1-42 was significantly improved and the hippocampal neuron damages were alleviated. Additionally, the activity of glutamine synthetase and the concentration of glutamate, which might be involved in the cognitive dysfunctions, were outstandingly reduced. Meanwhile, the astrocyte reactivity was also remarkably inhibited. The expressions of JAK2 and STAT3, key proteins in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway that is tightly associated with reactive astrocytes, were clearly attenuated, too. Collectively, our data demonstrate that SYG might exert protective effects on cognitive impairment induced by amyloid-β oligomers via inhibition of astrocyte reactivity regulated by the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. It may be a potential therapeutic for cognitive dysfunctions in many neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Bangyan Hu
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Wen Wen
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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30
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Du X, Shi Q, Zhao Y, Xie Y, Li X, Liu Q, Iqbal J, Zhang H, Liu X, Shen L. Se-Methylselenocysteine (SMC) Improves Cognitive Deficits by Attenuating Synaptic and Metabolic Abnormalities in Alzheimer's Mice Model: A Proteomic Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1112-1132. [PMID: 33689275 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Se-methylselenocysteine (SMC) is a major selenocompound in selenium (Se) enriched plants and has been found to ameliorate neuropathology and cognitive deficits in triple-transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease (3 × Tg-AD mice). To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, the present study is designed to elucidate the protein changes in the cortex of SMC-treated 3 × Tg-AD mice. After SMC supplementation, proteomic analysis revealed that 181, 271, and 41 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between 3 × Tg-AD mice vs wild type (AD/WT group), SMC-treated AD mice vs AD (AD + SMC/AD), and AD + SMC/WT group, respectively. Among these, 138 proteins in the diseased group were reversed by SMC treatment. The DEPs in AD/WT group and AD + SMC/AD group were mainly related to metabolism, synapses, and antioxidant proteins, while their levels were decreased in AD mice but up-regulated after treating with SMC. In addition, we found reduced ATP levels and destroyed synaptic structures in the AD mice brains, which were significantly ameliorated upon SMC treatment. Our study suggests that energy metabolism disorders, abnormal amino acid metabolism, synaptic dysfunction, and oxidative stress may be the key pathogenic phenomena of AD. SMC reversed the expression of proteins associated with them, which might be the main mechanism of its intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xuexia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xukun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liming Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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31
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Salcedo C, Wagner A, Andersen JV, Vinten KT, Waagepetersen HS, Schousboe A, Freude KK, Aldana BI. Downregulation of GABA Transporter 3 (GAT3) is Associated with Deficient Oxidative GABA Metabolism in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2676-2686. [PMID: 33710537 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in neurotransmitter homeostasis, primarily of glutamate and GABA, is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Homeostasis at the synapse is maintained by neurotransmitter recycling between neurons and astrocytes. Astrocytes support neuronal transmission through glutamine synthesis, which can be derived from oxidative metabolism of GABA. However, the precise implications of astrocytic GABA metabolism in AD remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate astrocytic GABA metabolism in AD pathology implementing human induced pluripotent stem cells derived astrocytes. Metabolic mapping of GABA was performed with [U-13C]GABA stable isotopic labeling using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Neurotransmitter and amino acid content was quantified via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and protein expression was investigated by Western blot assay. Cell lines carrying mutations in either amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin1 (PSEN-1) were used as AD models and were compared to a control cell line of the same genetic background. AD astrocytes displayed a reduced oxidative GABA metabolism mediated by a decreased uptake capacity of GABA, as GABA transporter 3 (GAT3) was downregulated in AD astrocytes compared to the controls. Interestingly, the carbon backbone of GABA in AD astrocytes was utilized to a larger extent to support glutamine synthesis compared to control astrocytes. The results strongly indicate alterations in GABA uptake and metabolism in AD astrocytes linked to reduced GABA transporter expression, hereby contributing further to neurotransmitter disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonie Wagner
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Tore Vinten
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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32
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Balouch B, Funnell JL, Ziemba AM, Puhl DL, Lin K, Gottipati MK, Gilbert RJ. Conventional immunomarkers stain a fraction of astrocytes in vitro: A comparison of rat cortical and spinal cord astrocytes in naïve and stimulated cultures. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:806-826. [PMID: 33295039 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are responsible for a wide variety of essential functions throughout the central nervous system. The protein markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), glutamine synthetase (GS), 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1), and the transcription factor SOX9 are routinely used to label astrocytes in primary rodent cultures. However, GLAST, GLT-1, GS, and SOX9 are also produced by microglia and oligodendrocytes and GFAP, GLAST, GLT-1, and GS production levels are affected by astrocyte phenotypic changes associated with reactive astrogliosis. No group has performed a comprehensive immunocytochemical evaluation to quantify the percentage of cells labeled by these markers in vitro, nor compared changes in staining between cortex- and spinal cord-derived cells in naïve and stimulated cultures. Here, we quantified the percentage of cells positively stained for these six markers in astrocyte, microglia, and oligodendrocyte cultures isolated from neonatal rat cortices and spinal cords. Additionally, we incubated the astrocytes with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or TGF-β3 to determine if the labeling of these markers is altered by these stimuli. We found that only SOX9 in cortical cultures and ALDH1L1 in spinal cord cultures labeled more than 75% of the cells in naïve and stimulated astrocyte cultures and stained less than 5% of the cells in microglia and oligodendrocyte cultures. Furthermore, significantly more cortical than spinal cord astrocytes stained for GFAP, GLAST, and ALDH1L1 in naïve cultures, whereas significantly more spinal cord than cortical astrocytes stained for GLAST and GS in TGF-β1-treated cultures. These findings are important as variability in marker staining may lead to misinterpretation of the astrocyte response in cocultures, migration assays, or engineered disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Balouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L Funnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Alexis M Ziemba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - Devan L Puhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Kathy Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Manoj K Gottipati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan J Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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33
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Andersen JV, Christensen SK, Westi EW, Diaz-delCastillo M, Tanila H, Schousboe A, Aldana BI, Waagepetersen HS. Deficient astrocyte metabolism impairs glutamine synthesis and neurotransmitter homeostasis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105198. [PMID: 33242587 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to cerebral accumulation of insoluble amyloid-β plaques causing synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Neurons rely on astrocyte-derived glutamine for replenishment of the amino acid neurotransmitter pools. Perturbations of astrocyte glutamine synthesis have been described in AD, but whether this functionally affects neuronal neurotransmitter synthesis is not known. Since the synthesis and recycling of neurotransmitter glutamate and GABA are intimately coupled to cellular metabolism, the aim of this study was to provide a functional investigation of neuronal and astrocytic energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in AD. To achieve this, we incubated acutely isolated cerebral cortical and hippocampal slices from 8-month-old female 5xFAD mice, in the presence of 13C isotopically enriched substrates, with subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A prominent neuronal hypometabolism of [U-13C]glucose was observed in the hippocampal slices of the 5xFAD mice. Investigating astrocyte metabolism, using [1,2-13C]acetate, revealed a marked reduction in glutamine synthesis, which directly hampered neuronal synthesis of GABA. This was supported by an increased metabolism of exogenously supplied [U-13C]glutamine, suggesting a neuronal metabolic compensation of the reduced astrocytic glutamine supply. In contrast, astrocytic metabolism of [U-13C]GABA was reduced, whereas [U-13C]glutamate metabolism was unaffected. Finally, astrocyte de novo synthesis of glutamate and glutamine was hampered, whereas the enzymatic capacity of glutamine synthetase for ammonia fixation was maintained. Collectively, we demonstrate that deficient astrocyte metabolism leads to reduced glutamine synthesis, directly impairing neuronal GABA synthesis in the 5xFAD brain. These findings suggest that astrocyte metabolic dysfunction may be fundamental for the imbalances of synaptic excitation and inhibition in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sofie K Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Diaz-delCastillo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Stevenson R, Samokhina E, Rossetti I, Morley JW, Buskila Y. Neuromodulation of Glial Function During Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:278. [PMID: 32973460 PMCID: PMC7473408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia, a non-excitable cell type once considered merely as the connective tissue between neurons, is nowadays acknowledged for its essential contribution to multiple physiological processes including learning, memory formation, excitability, synaptic plasticity, ion homeostasis, and energy metabolism. Moreover, as glia are key players in the brain immune system and provide structural and nutritional support for neurons, they are intimately involved in multiple neurological disorders. Recent advances have demonstrated that glial cells, specifically microglia and astroglia, are involved in several neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). While there is compelling evidence for glial modulation of synaptic formation and regulation that affect neuronal signal processing and activity, in this manuscript we will review recent findings on neuronal activity that affect glial function, specifically during neurodegenerative disorders. We will discuss the nature of each glial malfunction, its specificity to each disorder, overall contribution to the disease progression and assess its potential as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stevenson
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Evgeniia Samokhina
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - John W. Morley
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yossi Buskila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- International Centre for Neuromorphic Systems, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Disruption of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells is an early sign of pathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:130-139. [PMID: 32619874 PMCID: PMC7453384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that myelin disruption is related to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the CNS, myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes, which are generated throughout life by adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2-glia. To address whether alterations in myelination are related to age-dependent changes in OPCs, we analyzed NG2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) immunolabelling in the hippocampus of 3×Tg-AD mice at 6 and 24 months of age, compared with non-Tg age-matched controls. There was an age-related decrease in MBP immunostaining and OPC density, together with a decline in the number of OPC sister cells, a measure of OPC replication. Notably, the loss of myelin and OPC sister cells occurred earlier at 6 months in 3xTg-AD, suggesting accelerated aging, although there was not a concomitant decline in OPC numbers at this age, suggesting the observed changes in myelin were not a consequence of replicative exhaustion, but possibly of OPC disruption or senescence. In line with this, a key finding is that compared to age-match controls, OPC displayed marked morphological atrophy at 6 months in 3xTg-AD followed by morphological hypertrophy at 24 months, as deduced from significant changes in total cell surface area, total cell volume, somata volume and branching of main processes. Moreover, we show that hypertrophic OPCs surround and infiltrate amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, a key pathological hallmark of AD. The results indicate that OPCs undergo complex age-related remodeling in the hippocampus of the 3xTg-AD mouse model. We conclude that OPC disruption is an early pathological sign in AD and is a potential factor in accelerated myelin loss and cognitive decline. Life-long generation of myelin is the function of adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Age-related loss of myelin is accelerated in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). OPCs are disrupted at an early stage of 3xTg-AD. Dysregulation of OPC and myelin loss are important biomarkers for AD-like pathology.
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Yan Y, Yang H, Xie Y, Ding Y, Kong D, Yu H. Research Progress on Alzheimer's Disease and Resveratrol. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:989-1006. [PMID: 32162143 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and changes in tau phosphorylation, is accompanied by memory loss and symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. Increases in disease incidence due to the ageing of the population have placed a great burden on society. To date, the mechanism of AD and the identities of adequate drugs for AD prevention and treatment have eluded the medical community. It has been confirmed that phytochemicals have certain neuroprotective effects against AD. For example, some progress has been made in research on the use of resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytochemical, for the prevention and treatment of AD in recent years. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of AD will create a solid foundation for drug treatment. In addition, research on resveratrol, including its mechanism of action, the roles of signalling pathways and its therapeutic targets, will provide new ideas for AD treatment, which is of great significance. In this review, we discuss the possible relationships between AD and the following factors: synapses, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), and estrogens. We also discuss the findings of previous studies regarding these relationships in the context of AD treatment and further summarize research progress related to resveratrol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- The Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihuang Yang
- The Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxun Xie
- The Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanlin Ding
- The Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Danli Kong
- The Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haibing Yu
- The Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
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Tondo M, Wasek B, Escola-Gil JC, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Harmon C, Arning E, Bottiglieri T. Altered Brain Metabolome Is Associated with Memory Impairment in the rTg4510 Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020069. [PMID: 32075035 PMCID: PMC7074477 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized, amongst other features, by the pathologic accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau filaments in neurons that lead to neurofibrillary tangles. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the abnormal processing of tau leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment remain unknown. Metabolomic techniques can comprehensively assess disturbances in metabolic pathways that reflect changes downstream from genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic systems. In the present study, we undertook a targeted metabolomic approach to determine a total of 187 prenominated metabolites in brain cortex tissue from wild type and rTg4510 animals (a mice model of tauopathy), in order to establish the association of metabolic pathways with cognitive impairment. This targeted metabolomic approach revealed significant differences in metabolite concentrations of transgenic mice. Brain glutamine, serotonin and sphingomyelin C18:0 were found to be predictors of memory impairment. These findings provide informative data for future research on AD, since some of them agree with pathological alterations observed in diseased humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Tondo
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
- Servei de Bioquímica, Laboratori Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Joan Carles Escola-Gil
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and CIBERDEM, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)—Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) and CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Clinton Harmon
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Erland Arning
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Limbad C, Oron TR, Alimirah F, Davalos AR, Tracy TE, Gan L, Desprez PY, Campisi J. Astrocyte senescence promotes glutamate toxicity in cortical neurons. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227887. [PMID: 31945125 PMCID: PMC6964973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a major age-related pathology. Cognitive decline is characteristic of patients with Alzheimer’s and related dementias and cancer patients after chemo- or radio-therapies. A recently emerged driver of these and other age-related pathologies is cellular senescence, a cell fate that entails a permanent cell cycle arrest and pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although there is a link between inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, there are many open questions regarding how cellular senescence affects neurodegenerative pathologies. Among the various cell types in the brain, astrocytes are the most abundant. Astrocytes have proliferative capacity and are essential for neuron survival. Here, we investigated the phenotype of primary human astrocytes made senescent by X-irradiation, and identified genes encoding glutamate and potassium transporters as specifically downregulated upon senescence. This down regulation led to neuronal cell death in co-culture assays. Unbiased RNA sequencing of transcripts expressed by non-senescent and senescent astrocytes confirmed that glutamate homeostasis pathway declines upon senescence. Our results suggest a key role for cellular senescence, particularly in astrocytes, in excitotoxicity, which may lead to neurodegeneration including Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Limbad
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Comparative Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Tal Ronnen Oron
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Fatouma Alimirah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Albert R. Davalos
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Tara E. Tracy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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Fan S, Xian X, Li L, Yao X, Hu Y, Zhang M, Li W. Ceftriaxone Improves Cognitive Function and Upregulates GLT-1-Related Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle in APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1731-1743. [PMID: 30452416 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive impairment of learning, memory, and cognitive deficits. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and plays an important role in learning, memory, and cognition. The homeostasis and reutilization of glutamate are dependent on astrocytic uptake by glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and the subsequent glutamate-glutamine cycle. Increasing evidence showed impairments in GLT-1 expression and uptake activity and glutamate-glutamine cycle in AD. Ceftriaxone (Cef) has been reported to upregulate the expression and uptake of GLT-1. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to explore whether Cef can improve cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice in early stage of AD by upregulating GLT-1 expression, and then promoting the glutamate-glutamine cycle. It was shown that Cef treatment significantly alleviated the cognitive deficits measured by Morris water maze test and upregulated GLT-1 protein expression in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Particularly, the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) and the protein expression of system N glutamine transporter 1 (SN1), which are the key factors involved in the glutamate-glutamine cycle, were significantly upregulated as well after the Cef treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of GLT-1 uptake activity by dihydrokainic acid, an inhibitor of GLT-1, blocked the Cef-induced improvement on the cognitive deficits, GS activity, and SN1 expression. The above results suggested that Cef could improve cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice in early stage of AD by upregulating the GLT-1 expression, GS activity, and SN1 expression, which would lead to stimulating the glutamate-glutamine cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuJuan Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - XiaoHui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - XiaoGuang Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - YuYan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - WenBin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Aging and Cognition Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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Mundorf A, Knorr A, Mezö C, Klein C, Beyer DK, Fallgatter AJ, Schwarz M, Freund N. Lithium and glutamine synthetase: Protective effects following stress. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112544. [PMID: 31499341 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Even though lithium is widely used as treatment for mood disorders, the exact mechanisms of lithium in the brain remain unknown. A potential mechanism affects the downstream target of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, specifically glutamine synthetase (GS). Here, we investigate the effect of lithium on GS-promoter activity in the brain. Over seven days, B6C3H-Glultm(T2A-LacZ) mice that carry LacZ as a reporter gene fused to the GS-promotor received either daily intraperitoneal injections of lithium carbonate (25 mg/kg) or NaCl, or no treatment. Following histochemical staining of β-galactosidase relative GS-promotor activity was measured by analyzing the intensity of the staining. Furthermore cell counts were conducted. GS-promotor activity was significantly decreased in female compared to male mice. Treatment group differences were only found in male hippocampi, with increased activity after NaCl treatment compared to both the lithium treatment and no treatment. Lithium treatment increased the overall number of cells in the CA1 region in males. Daily injections of NaCl might have been sufficient to induce stress-related GS-promotor activity changes in male mice; however, lithium was able to reverse the effect. Taken together, the current study indicates that lithium acts to prevent stress, rather affecting general GS-promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annakarina Mundorf
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44780, Germany; Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Knorr
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Charlotte Mezö
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christina Klein
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Dominik Ke Beyer
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44780, Germany; Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44780, Germany; Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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A spatial similarity of stereochemical environments formed by amino acid residues defines a common epitope of two non-homologous proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14818. [PMID: 31616018 PMCID: PMC6794283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is critical for development of high-quality antibodies in research and diagnostics to predict accurately their cross-reactivities with "off-target" molecules, which potentially induce false results. Herein, we report a good example of such a cross-reactivity for an off-target due to a stereochemical environment of epitopes, which does not simply depend on amino acid sequences. We found that significant subpopulation of a polyclonal peptide antibody against Bcnt (Bucentaur) (anti-BCNT-C antibody) cross-reacted with a completely different protein, glutamine synthetase (GS), and identified four amino acids, GYFE, in its C-terminal region as the core amino acids for the cross-reaction. Consistent with this finding, the anti-BCNT-C antibody strongly recognized endogenously and exogenously expressed GS in tissues and cultured cells by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we elucidated that the cross-reaction is caused by a spatial similarity between the stereochemical environments formed by amino acid residues, including the GYFE of GS and the GYIE of Bcnt, rather than by their primary sequences. These results suggest it is critical to comprehensively analyze antibody interactions with target molecules including off-targets with special attention to the physicochemical environments of epitope-paratope interfaces to decrease the risk of false interpretations of results using antibodies in science and clinical applications.
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Zhang M, Cheng X, Dang R, Zhang W, Zhang J, Yao Z. Lactate Deficit in an Alzheimer Disease Mouse Model: The Relationship With Neuronal Damage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:1163-1176. [PMID: 30383244 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral energy metabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD) has recently been given increasing attention. This study focuses on the alterations of cerebral lactate metabolism in the double-transgenic amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting analysis were used to identify the alterations of lactate content and lactate transporters (MCT1, MCT2, MCT4) in APP/PS1 mouse brains, which display amyloid beta plaques, reduced amounts of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and increased quantity of astrocytes. We found that lactate content and expressions of cerebral MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 were decreased in APP/PS1 mice. In particular, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and B (LDHB) were reduced in neurons with increased ratios of LDHA and LDHB. This study suggests that the decreases of cerebral lactate content and lactate transporters may lead to the blockage of lactate transport from glia to neurons, resulting in neuronal lactate deficit. The increased ratio of neuronal LDHA and LDHB may represent a reaction of neurons to lactate deficit, although it cannot reverse the energy deficiency in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ruozhi Dang
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxiang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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43
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Ke T, Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz M, Pajarillo E, Rizor A, Soares FAA, Lee E, Aschner M. Role of Astrocytes in Manganese Neurotoxicity Revisited. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2449-2459. [PMID: 31571097 PMCID: PMC7757856 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) overexposure is a public health concern due to its widespread industrial usage and the risk for environmental contamination. The clinical symptoms of Mn neurotoxicity, or manganism, share several pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Biologically, Mn is an essential trace element, and Mn in the brain is preferentially localized in astrocytes. This review summarizes the role of astrocytes in Mn-induced neurotoxicity, specifically on the role of neurotransmitter recycling, neuroinflammation, and genetics. Mn overexposure can dysregulate astrocytic cycling of glutamine (Gln) and glutamate (Glu), which is the basis for Mn-induced excitotoxic neuronal injury. In addition, reactive astrocytes are important mediators of Mn-induced neuronal damage by potentiating neuroinflammation. Genetic studies, including those with Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) have uncovered several genes associated with Mn neurotoxicity. Though we have yet to fully understand the role of astrocytes in the pathologic changes characteristic of manganism, significant strides have been made over the last two decades in deciphering the role of astrocytes in Mn-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Marta Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Asha Rizor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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44
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Comparative Quantitative Analysis of Porcine Optic Nerve Head and Retina Subproteomes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174229. [PMID: 31470587 PMCID: PMC6747248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve head (ONH) and retina (RET) are the main sites of damage in neurodegenerative optic neuropathies including glaucoma. Up to date, little is known about the molecular interplay between these two adjoining ocular components in terms of proteomics. To close this gap, we investigated ONH and RET protein extracts derived from porcine eyes (n = 12) (Sus scrofa domestica Linnaeus 1758) using semi-quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics comprising bottom-up LC–ESI MS/MS and targeted SPE-MALDI-TOF MS analysis. In summary, more than 1600 proteins could be identified from the ONH/RET tissue complex. Moreover, ONH and RET displayed tissue-specific characteristics regarding their qualitative and semi-quantitative protein compositions. Gene ontology (GO)-based functional and protein–protein interaction analyses supported a close functional connection between the metabolic-related RET and the structural-associated ONH subproteomes, which could be affected under disease conditions. Inferred from the MS findings, stress-associated proteins including clusterin, ceruloplasmin, and endoplasmin can be proposed as extracellular mediators of the ONH/ RET proteome interface. In conclusion, ONH and RET show obvious proteomic differences reflecting characteristic functional features which have to be considered for future protein biomarker profiling studies.
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Wang G, He X, Zhu G, Li D, Shi J, Zhang F. Ellagic acid supports neuron by regulating astroglia Nrf2. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:738-743. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Fu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Dai‐Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jing‐Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
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Cao P, Zhang J, Huang Y, Fang Y, Lyu J, Shen Y. The age-related changes and differences in energy metabolism and glutamate-glutamine recycling in the d-gal-induced and naturally occurring senescent astrocytes in vitro. Exp Gerontol 2019; 118:9-18. [PMID: 30610899 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we successfully established a d-galactose (d-gal)-induced astrocyte aging model in vitro. However, whether the changes in the aged astrocytes induced by d-gal are similar to those occurred in naturally are unknown. Therefore, in current study, we simultaneously established d-gal-induced and naturally aged astrocyte aging models in vitro to explore the age-related changes and to compare the differences in these two astrocyte aging models. The Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer was used to examine the mitochondrial metabolism and glycolysis activities of the young and senescent astrocytes. The results showed that the mitochondrial ATP-linked oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) were decreased markedly both in the d-gal-induced and naturally occurring senescent astrocytes. The basal glycolysis activity was increased in the naturally occurring senescent astrocytes, whereas it was decreased in the d-gal-induced senescent astrocytes. Western blot analysis showed that isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (IDH3), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) were markedly decreased both in these two aging models, whereas the iron‑sulfur cluster assembly enzyme (ISCU) was up-regulated in the naturally occurring senescent astrocytes but was down-regulated in the d-gal-induced senescent astrocytes. The expression levels of glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), glutamine synthetase (GS) and γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 (GABABR2) were also markedly decreased in these two aging models. In addition, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was to be inactivated both in the d-gal-induced and naturally occurring senescent astrocytes. These results indicate that the age-related changes in d-gal-induced senescent astrocytes are not fully consistent with those in naturally occurring senescent astrocytes, and it may be not suitable to use d-gal-induced senescent astrocytes to replace the naturally occurring senescent astrocytes to explore the aging mechanisms under some circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Yujia Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
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Song C, Wu YS, Yang ZY, Kalueff AV, Tsao YY, Dong Y, Su KP. Astrocyte-Conditioned Medium Protects Prefrontal Cortical Neurons from Glutamate-Induced Cell Death by Inhibiting TNF-α Expression. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:33-42. [PMID: 30699428 DOI: 10.1159/000495211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both excitotoxicity and neurotrophin deficiency may contribute to the etiology of depression and neurodegeneration. Astrocytes not only regulate glutamate metabolism and clearance, they also produce neurotrophins in the brain. However, the direct interaction between neurons and astrocytes remains unknown. METHODS This study evaluated the cellular mechanisms by which astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) protects prefrontal cortical neurons from glutamate-induced death by measuring cell viability and morphology as well as mRNA and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), BDNF receptors, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Neurons and astrocytes were purified from the brains of neonatal 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. ACM was harvested after exposing astrocytes to culture medium containing 100 μM glutamate for 48 h. RESULTS Glutamate insult (100 μM for 6 h) significantly reduced neuronal cell viability and increased the mRNA expression of BDNF. Glutamate (24 h) decreased neuronal viability and the expression of BDNF, but increased mRNA expression of GFAP, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), and TNF-α. ACM pretreatment (2 h) reversed glutamate-decreased cell viability and increased BDNF, but reduced the expression of GDNF, P75NTR, and TNF-α at the mRNA level. Western blotting generally confirmed the mRNA expression following 24 glutamate insults. Furthermore, the glutamate-induced decrease in the protein expression of BDNF and full-length TrkB receptor and increase in pro-BDNF, truncated TrkB isoform 1 receptor, p75NTR, GDNF, and TNF-α were significantly attenuated by ACM pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that ACM exerts neuroprotective effects on cell viability, and this effect is most likely mediated through the modulation of neurotrophin and TNF-α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China,
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, and Departments of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
| | - Yih-Shyuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, and Departments of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-You Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yin-Yin Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, and Departments of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yilong Dong
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, and Departments of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Alibhai JD, Diack AB, Manson JC. Unravelling the glial response in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2018; 32:5766-5777. [PMID: 30376380 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801360r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, incurable neurodegenerative disease targeting specific neuronal populations within the brain while neighboring neurons appear unaffected. The focus for defining mechanisms has therefore been on the pathogenesis in affected neuronal populations and developing intervention strategies to prevent their cell death. However, there is growing recognition of the importance of glial cells in the development of pathology. Determining exactly how glial cells are involved in the disease process and the susceptibility of the aging brain provides unprecedented challenges. The present review examines recent studies attempting to unravel the glial response during the course of disease and how this action may dictate the outcome of neurodegeneration. The importance of regional heterogeneity of glial cells within the CNS during healthy aging and disease is examined to understand how the glial cells may contribute to neuronal susceptibility or resilience during the neurodegenerative process.-Alibhai, J. D., Diack, A. B., Manson, J. C. Unravelling the glial response in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Alibhai
- National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Research and Surveillance Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Abigail B Diack
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Jean C Manson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Skowrońska K, Obara-Michlewska M, Czarnecka A, Dąbrowska K, Zielińska M, Albrecht J. Persistent Overexposure to N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Calcium-Dependently Downregulates Glutamine Synthetase, Aquaporin 4, and Kir4.1 Channel in Mouse Cortical Astrocytes. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:271-280. [PMID: 30220059 PMCID: PMC6313349 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes express N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) but its functions in these cells are not well defined. This study shows that the sustained exposure (8–72 h) of mouse astrocytes to NMDA decreases the expression of the functional astroglia-specific proteins, glutamine synthetase (GS), and the water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and also reduces GS activity. Similar to rat astrocytes (Obara-Michlewska et al. Neurochem Int 88:20–25, 2015), the exposure of mouse astrocytes to NMDA also decreased the expression of the inward rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1. NMDA failed to elicit the effects in those cells incubated in the absence of Ca2+ and in those in which the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR was silenced with GluN1 siRNA. The downregulation of GS, AQP4, and Kir4.1 observed in vitro may reflect NMDAR-mediated alterations of astrocytic functions noted in central nervous system pathologies associated with increased glutamate (Glu) release and excitotoxic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skowrońska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego St. 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Obara-Michlewska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego St. 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czarnecka
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego St. 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dąbrowska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego St. 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego St. 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Albrecht
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego St. 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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50
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Bosch ME, Kielian T. Astrocytes in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN3) display metabolic and calcium signaling abnormalities. J Neurochem 2018; 148:612-624. [PMID: 29964296 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in ceroid lipofuscinosis 3 (CLN3). Children with JNCL experience progressive visual, cognitive, and motor deterioration with a decreased life expectancy (late teens-early 20s). Neuronal loss is thought to occur, in part, via glutamate excitotoxicity; however, little is known about astrocyte glutamate regulation in JNCL. Spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations were reduced in murine Cln3Δex7/8 astrocytes, which were also observed following glutamate or cytokine exposure. Astrocyte glutamate transport is an energy-demanding process and disruptions in metabolic pathways could influence glutamate homeostasis in Cln3Δex7/8 astrocytes. Indeed, basal mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were significantly reduced in Cln3Δex7/8 astrocytes. These changes were not attributable to reduced mitochondria, since mitochondrial DNA levels were similar between wild type and Cln3Δex7/8 astrocytes. Interestingly, despite these functional deficits in Cln3Δex7/8 astrocytes, glutamate transporter expression and glutamate uptake were not dramatically affected. Concurrent with impaired astrocyte metabolism and Ca2+ signaling, murine Cln3Δex7/8 neurons were hyper-responsive to glutamate, as reflected by heightened and prolonged Ca2+ signals. These findings identify intrinsic metabolic and Ca2+ signaling defects in Cln3Δex7/8 astrocytes that may contribute to neuronal dysfunction in CLN3 disease. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Bosch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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