1
|
Hou Y, Bai Y, Lu C, Wang Q, Wang Z, Gao J, Xu H. Applying molecular docking to pesticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4140-4152. [PMID: 37547967 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide creation is related to the development of sustainable agricultural and ecological safety, and molecular docking technology can effectively help in pesticide innovation. This paper introduces the basic theory behind molecular docking, pesticide databases, and docking software. It also summarizes the application of molecular docking in the pesticide field, including the virtual screening of lead compounds, detection of pesticides and their metabolites in the environment, reverse screening of pesticide targets, and the study of resistance mechanisms. Finally, problems with the use of molecular docking technology in pesticide creation are discussed, and prospects for the future use of molecular docking technology in new pesticide development are discussed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqian Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuchan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Zishi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinsheng Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu B, Zheng C, Sun T, Wu Y, He M, Chen W, Zhang P, Jiang H. Beneficial effects of triadimefon in overcoming drought stress in soybean at fluorescence stage. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154015. [PMID: 37301038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) at fluorescence stage frequently experiences drought stress. Although triadimefon has been observed to improve drought tolerance of plants, reports on its role in drought resistance on leaf photosynthesis and assimilate transport are limited. This study examined the effects of triadimefon on leaf photosynthesis and assimilate transport at fluorescence stage of soybean experiencing drought stress. Results showed that triadimefon application relieved the inhibitory effects of drought stress on photosynthesis and increased RuBPCase activity. Drought increased soluble sugar contents, yet reduced starch content in the leaves by heightening the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP), invertase (INV), and amylolytic enzyme, impeding the translocation of carbon assimilates to roots and reducing plant biomass. Nevertheless, triadimefon elevated starch content and minimized sucrose degradation by augmenting sucrose synthase (SS) activity and restraining the activities of SPS, FBP, INV, and amylolytic enzyme compared with drought alone, regulating the carbohydrate balance of drought-stressed plants. Therefore, triadimefon application could reduce the photosynthesis inhibition and regulate the carbohydrate balance of drought-stressed soybean plants to lessen the impacts of drought on soybean biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Xu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Chonglan Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Liangshan Yi Aotonomous Prefecture Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, 615000, PR China
| | - Ting Sun
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Mingjie He
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Weiping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Haidong Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Min LJ, Wang H, Bajsa-Hirschel J, Yu CS, Wang B, Yao MM, Han L, Cantrell CL, Duke SO, Sun NB, Liu XH. Novel Dioxolane Ring Compounds for the Management of Phytopathogen Diseases as Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4303-4315. [PMID: 35357135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thirty novel dioxolane ring compounds were designed and synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, HRMS, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Bioassays indicated that these dioxolane ring derivatives exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryae, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Physalospora piricola, Cercospora arachidicola and herbicidal activity against lettuce (Lactuca sativa), bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and duckweed (Lemna pausicostata). Among these compounds, 1-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (D17), 1-(((4R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (D20), 1-((5-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (D22), and 1-((2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (D26) had broad spectrum fungicidal and herbicidal activity. The IC50 values against duckweed were 20.5 ± 9.0, 14.2 ± 6.7, 24.0 ± 11.0, 8.7 ± 3.5, and 8.0 ± 3.1 μM for D17, D20, D22, and D26 and the positive control difenoconazole, respectively. The EC50 values were 7.31 ± 0.67, 9.74 ± 0.83, 17.32 ± 1.23, 11.96 ± 0.98, and 8.93 ± 0.91 mg/L for D17, D20, D22, and D26 and the positive control difenoconazole against the plant pathogen R. solani, respectively. Germination experiments with Arabidopsis seeds indicated that the target of these dioxolane ring compounds in plants is brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Molecular simulation docking results of compound D26 and difenoconazole with fungal CYP51 P450 confirmed that they both inhibit this enzyme involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed by substituent effect, molecular docking, and density functional theory analysis, which provided useful information for designing more active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Min
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA ARS, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Chen-Sheng Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Meng Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA ARS, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Na-Bo Sun
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing-Hai Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Activity of Certain New Indole-1,2,4 Triazole Conjugates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082292. [PMID: 33920952 PMCID: PMC8071222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of microbial infections and the emergence of resistance to the currently available antimicrobial drugs urged the development of potent new chemical entities with eminent pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profiles. Thus, a series of new indole-triazole conjugates 6a-u was designed and synthesized to be assessed as new antimicrobial candidates using the diameter of the inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration assays against certain microbial strains. Their in vitro antibacterial evaluation revealed good to moderate activity against most of the tested Gram-negative strains with diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ) values in the range of 11-15 mm and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values around 250 µg/mL. Meanwhile, their in vitro antifungal evaluation demonstrated a potent activity against Candida tropicalis with MIC value as low as 2 µg/mL for most of the tested compounds. Moreover, compound 6f is the most potent congener with an MIC value of 2 µg/mL against Candida albicans.
Collapse
|
5
|
Triflumizole as a Novel Lead Compound for Strigolactone Biosynthesis Inhibitor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235525. [PMID: 33255720 PMCID: PMC7728069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones involved in the development of various plants. SLs also stimulate seed germination of the root parasitic plants, Striga spp. and Orobanche spp., which reduce crop yield. Therefore, regulating SL biosynthesis may lessen the damage of root parasitic plants. Biosynthetic inhibitors effectively control biological processes by targeted regulation of biologically active compounds. In addition, biosynthetic inhibitors regulate endogenous levels in developmental stage- and tissue-specific manners. To date, although some chemicals have been found as SL biosynthesis inhibitor, these are derived from only three lead chemicals. In this study, to find a novel lead chemical for SL biosynthesis inhibitor, 27 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives were screened for inhibition of SL biosynthesis. Triflumizole most effectively reduced the levels of rice SL, 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO), in root exudates. In addition, triflumizole inhibited endogenous 4DO biosynthesis in rice roots by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of Os900, a rice enzyme that converts the SL intermediate carlactone to 4DO. A Striga germination assay revealed that triflumizole-treated rice displayed a reduced level of germination stimulation for Striga. These results identify triflumizole as a novel lead compound for inhibition of SL biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Inhibition of Phytosterol Biosynthesis by Azasterols. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051111. [PMID: 32131509 PMCID: PMC7179204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of enzymes in essential cellular pathways are potent probes to decipher intricate physiological functions of biomolecules. The analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana sterol profiles upon treatment with a series of azasterols reveals a specific in vivo inhibition of SMT2, a plant sterol-C-methyltransferase acting as a branch point between the campesterol and sitosterol biosynthetic segments in the pathway. Side chain azasteroids that modify sitosterol homeostasis help to refine its particular function in plant development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bajguz A, Chmur M, Gruszka D. Comprehensive Overview of the Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathways: Substrates, Products, Inhibitors, and Connections. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1034. [PMID: 32733523 PMCID: PMC7358554 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) as a class of steroid plant hormones participate in the regulation of numerous developmental processes, including root and shoot growth, vascular differentiation, fertility, flowering, and seed germination, as well as in responding to environmental stresses. During four decades of research, the BR biosynthetic pathways have been well studied with forward- and reverse genetics approaches. The free BRs contain 27, 28, and 29 carbons within their skeletal structure: (1): 5α-cholestane or 26-nor-24α-methyl-5α-cholestane for C27-BRs; (2) 24α-methyl-5α-cholestane, 24β-methyl-5α-cholestane or 24-methylene-5α-cholestane for C28-BRs; (3) 24α-ethyl-5α-cholestane, 24(Z)-ethylidene-5α-cholestane, 25-methyl-5α-campestane or 24-methylene-25-methyl-5α-cholestane for C29-BRs, as well as different kinds and orientations of oxygenated functions in A- and B-ring. These alkyl substituents are also common structural features of sterols. BRs are derived from sterols carrying the same side chain. The C27-BRs without substituent at C-24 are biosynthesized from cholesterol. The C28-BRs carrying either an α-methyl, β-methyl, or methylene group are derived from campesterol, 24-epicampesterol or 24-methylenecholesterol, respectively. The C29-BRs with an α-ethyl group are produced from sitosterol. Furthermore, the C29 BRs carrying methylene at C-24 and an additional methyl group at C-25 are derived from 24-methylene-25-methylcholesterol. Generally, BRs are biosynthesized via cycloartenol and cycloartanol dependent pathways. Till now, more than 17 compounds were characterized as inhibitors of the BR biosynthesis. For nine of the inhibitors (e.g., brassinazole and YCZ-18) a specific target reaction within the BR biosynthetic pathway has been identified. Therefore, the review highlights comprehensively recent advances in our understanding of the BR biosynthesis, sterol precursors, and dependencies between the C27-C28 and C28-C29 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Andrzej Bajguz,
| | - Magdalena Chmur
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rozhon W, Akter S, Fernandez A, Poppenberger B. Inhibitors of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signal Transduction. Molecules 2019; 24:E4372. [PMID: 31795392 PMCID: PMC6930552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors are invaluable tools for investigating protein function in reverse genetic approaches. Their application bears many advantages over mutant generation and characterization. Inhibitors can overcome functional redundancy, their application is not limited to species for which tools of molecular genetics are available and they can be applied to specific tissues or developmental stages, making them highly convenient for addressing biological questions. The use of inhibitors has helped to elucidate hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and here we review compounds that were developed for the plant hormones brassinosteroids (BRs). BRs are steroids that have strong growth-promoting capacities, are crucial for all stages of plant development and participate in adaptive growth processes and stress response reactions. In the last two decades, impressive progress has been made in BR inhibitor development and application, which has been instrumental for studying BR modes of activity and identifying and characterizing key players. Both, inhibitors that target biosynthesis, such as brassinazole, and inhibitors that target signaling, such as bikinin, exist and in a comprehensive overview we summarize knowledge and methodology that enabled their design and key findings of their use. In addition, the potential of BR inhibitors for commercial application in plant production is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Rozhon
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bajguz A, Orczyk W, Gołębiewska A, Chmur M, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A. Occurrence of brassinosteroids and influence of 24-epibrassinolide with brassinazole on their content in the leaves and roots of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise. PLANTA 2019; 249:123-137. [PMID: 30594955 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
24-epibrassinolide overcame the inhibitory effect of brassinazole on the barley growth and the content of brassinosteroids. The present work demonstrates the occurrence of mainly castasterone, brassinolide and cathasterone and lower amounts of 24-epibrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone, 28-homobrassinolide, typhasterol, 6-deoxocastasterone and 6-deoxotyphasterol in 14-day-old de-etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise). We also investigated the endogenous level of brassinosteroids (BRs) in barley seedlings treated with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and/or brassinazole (Brz). To our knowledge, this is the first report related to the occurrence of BRs and application of EBL and Brz in terms of the endogenous content of BRs in barley. Brz as a specific inhibitor of BR biosynthetic reactions decreased the level of BRs in the leaves. Application of EBL showed a weak promotive effect on the BR content in Brz-treated seedlings. Brz also inhibited growth of the seedlings; however, addition of EBL overcame the inhibition. The EBL applied alone at 0.01-1 µM increased the BR level in the leaves but at 10 µM lowered the BR content. In opposition to leaves, the Brz in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1 µM did not significantly affect the content of BRs in the roots. However, application of 10 µM Brz caused BRs to decrease, but treatment of EBL concentrations overcame the inhibitory effect of Brz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, 1J Konstantego Ciolkowskiego St., 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Wacław Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gołębiewska
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, 1J Konstantego Ciolkowskiego St., 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmur
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, 1J Konstantego Ciolkowskiego St., 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, 1J Konstantego Ciolkowskiego St., 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shirinzadeh H, Süzen S, Altanlar N, Westwell AD. Antimicrobial Activities of New Indole Derivatives Containing 1,2,4-Triazole, 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and Carbothioamide. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 15:291-297. [PMID: 32454672 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.55707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In new antimicrobial drug development studies, indole and its derivatives create an important class of compounds. In addition, azoles and their derivatives were recognized to be associated with a variety of biologic activities such as antibacterial and antifungal. In this study antimicrobial activities of some indole derivatives mainly substituted with 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and hydrazinecarbothioamide were investigated to evaluate their efficacy. Materials and Methods The efficacy of new compounds was evaluated using 2-fold serial dilutions against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Candida krusei. Results The MIC was determined for test compounds and for the reference standards sultamicillin, ampicillin, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion The compounds possessed a broad spectrum of activity having MIC values of 3.125-50 µg/mL against the tested microorganisms. This study provides valuable evidence that the indole-triazole derivative compound 3d holds significant promise as a novel antibacterial and antifungal lead compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Shirinzadeh
- Erzincan University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Sibel Süzen
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurten Altanlar
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- Cardiff University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buts K, Hertog ML, Ho QT, America AH, Cordewener J, Vercammen J, Carpentier SC, Nicolai B. Influence of pre-harvest calcium, potassium and triazole application on the proteome of apple at harvest. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4984-4993. [PMID: 26865255 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Braeburn browning disorder is a storage disease characterised by flesh browning and lens-shaped cavities. The incidence of this postharvest disorder is known to be affected by pre-harvest application of fertilisers and triazole-based fungicides. Recent work has shown that calcium and potassium reduced the incidence of Braeburn browning disorder, while triazoles had the opposite effect. This study addresses the hypothesis of an early proteomic imprint in the apple fruit at harvest induced by the pre-harvest factors applied. If so, this could be used for an early screening of apple fruit at harvest for their postharvest susceptibility to flesh browning. RESULTS Calcium and triazole had significant effects, while potassium did not. One hundred and thirty protein families were identified, of which 29 were significantly altered after calcium and 63 after triazole treatment. Up-regulation of important antioxidant enzymes was correlated with calcium fertilisation, while triazole induced alterations in the levels of respiration and ethylene biosynthesis related proteins. CONCLUSION Pre-harvest fertiliser and fungicide application had considerable effects on the apple proteome at harvest. These changes, together with the applied storage conditions will determine whether or not BBD develops. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Buts
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Quang Tri Ho
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Cordewener
- WUR, PRI, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Vercammen
- pcfruit vzw, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800, Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Sebastien C Carpentier
- SYBIOMA, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- BIOSYST-Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Nicolai
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
- VCBT, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Serrano M, Kombrink E, Meesters C. Considerations for designing chemical screening strategies in plant biology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:131. [PMID: 25904921 PMCID: PMC4389374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, biologists regularly used classical genetic approaches to characterize and dissect plant processes. However, this strategy is often impaired by redundancy, lethality or pleiotropy of gene functions, which prevent the isolation of viable mutants. The chemical genetic approach has been recognized as an alternative experimental strategy, which has the potential to circumvent these problems. It relies on the capacity of small molecules to modify biological processes by specific binding to protein target(s), thereby conditionally modifying protein function(s), which phenotypically resemble mutation(s) of the encoding gene(s). A successful chemical screening campaign comprises three equally important elements: (1) a reliable, robust, and quantitative bioassay, which allows to distinguish between potent and less potent compounds, (2) a rigorous validation process for candidate compounds to establish their selectivity, and (3) an experimental strategy for elucidating a compound's mode of action and molecular target. In this review we will discuss details of this general strategy and additional aspects that deserve consideration in order to take full advantage of the power provided by the chemical approach to plant biology. In addition, we will highlight some success stories of recent chemical screenings in plant systems, which may serve as teaching examples for the implementation of future chemical biology projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Serrano
- Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of FribourgFribourg, Switzerland
| | - Erich Kombrink
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchKöln, Germany
| | - Christian Meesters
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchKöln, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-EssenEssen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Meesters, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang H, Richter GL, Wang X, Młodzińska E, Carraro N, Ma G, Jenness M, Chao DY, Peer WA, Murphy AS. Sterols and sphingolipids differentially function in trafficking of the Arabidopsis ABCB19 auxin transporter. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 74:37-47. [PMID: 23279701 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis ATP-binding cassette B19 (ABCB19, P-glycoprotein19) transporter functions coordinately with ABCB1 and PIN1 to motivate long-distance transport of the phytohormone auxin from the shoot to root apex. ABCB19 exhibits a predominantly apolar plasma membrane (PM) localization and stabilizes PIN1 when the two proteins co-occur. Biochemical evidence associates ABCB19 and PIN1 with sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched PM fractions. Mutants deficient in structural sterols and sphingolipids exhibit similarity to abcb19 mutants. Sphingolipid-defective tsc10a mutants and, to a lesser extent, sterol-deficient cvp1 mutants phenocopy abcb19 mutants. Live imaging studies show that sterols function in trafficking of ABCB19 from the trans-Golgi network to the PM. Pharmacological or genetic sphingolipid depletion has an even greater impact on ABCB19 PM targeting and interferes with ABCB19 trafficking from the Golgi. Our results also show that sphingolipids function in trafficking associated with compartments marked by the VTI12 syntaxin, and that ABCB19 mediates PIN1 stability in sphingolipid-containing membranes. The TWD1/FKBP42 co-chaperone immunophilin is required for exit of ABCB19 from the ER, but ABCB19 interactions with sterols, sphingolipids and PIN1 are spatially distinct from FKBP42 activity at the ER. The accessibility of this system to direct live imaging and biochemical analysis makes it ideal for the modeling and analysis of sterol and sphingolipid regulation of ABCB/P-glycoprotein transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Genetic variation in plant CYP51s confers resistance against voriconazole, a novel inhibitor of brassinosteroid-dependent sterol biosynthesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53650. [PMID: 23335967 PMCID: PMC3546049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones with structural similarity to mammalian sex steroids and ecdysteroids from insects. The BRs are synthesized from sterols and are essential regulators of cell division, cell elongation and cell differentiation. In this work we show that voriconazole, an antifungal therapeutic drug used in human and veterinary medicine, severely impairs plant growth by inhibiting sterol-14α-demethylation and thereby interfering with BR production. The plant growth regulatory properties of voriconazole and related triazoles were identified in a screen for compounds with the ability to alter BR homeostasis. Voriconazole suppressed growth of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and of a wide range of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. We uncover that voriconazole toxicity in plants is a result of a deficiency in BRs that stems from an inhibition of the cytochrome P450 CYP51, which catalyzes a step of BR-dependent sterol biosynthesis. Interestingly, we found that the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca, a member of the Rosaceae, is naturally voriconazole resistant and that this resistance is conferred by the specific CYP51 variant of F. vesca. The potential of voriconazole as a novel tool for plant research is discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao B, Li J. Regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis and inactivation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 54:746-59. [PMID: 22963251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of naturally-occurring steroidal phytohormones playing fundamental roles during normal plant growth and development. Using a combination of experimental approaches, including analytical chemistry, genetics, and biochemistry, the major BR biosynthetic pathway has been largely elucidated. The least-understood knowledge in the BR research field is probably the molecular mechanisms controlling the bioactive levels of BRs in response to various developmental and environmental cues. In this review, we focus our discussion on a recently-proposed, 8-step predominant BR biosynthetic pathway, several newly-identified transcription factors regulating the expression of key enzymes that catalyze BR biosynthesis, and up-to-date information about the mechanisms that plants use to inactivate unnecessary BRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Asami T, Ito S. Design and Synthesis of Function Regulators of Plant Hormones and their Application to Physiology and Genetics. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2012. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.70.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
Bak S, Beisson F, Bishop G, Hamberger B, Höfer R, Paquette S, Werck-Reichhart D. Cytochromes p450. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2011; 9:e0144. [PMID: 22303269 PMCID: PMC3268508 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There are 244 cytochrome P450 genes (and 28 pseudogenes) in the Arabidopsis genome. P450s thus form one of the largest gene families in plants. Contrary to what was initially thought, this family diversification results in very limited functional redundancy and seems to mirror the complexity of plant metabolism. P450s sometimes share less than 20% identity and catalyze extremely diverse reactions leading to the precursors of structural macromolecules such as lignin, cutin, suberin and sporopollenin, or are involved in biosynthesis or catabolism of all hormone and signaling molecules, of pigments, odorants, flavors, antioxidants, allelochemicals and defense compounds, and in the metabolism of xenobiotics. The mechanisms of gene duplication and diversification are getting better understood and together with co-expression data provide leads to functional characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Bak
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fred Beisson
- Department of Plant Biology and Environmental Microbiology, CEA/CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 6191 Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gerard Bishop
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Höfer
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, CNRS UPR 2357, University of Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Suzanne Paquette
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biological Structure, HSB G-514, Box 357420, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-9420
| | - Danièle Werck-Reichhart
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, CNRS UPR 2357, University of Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gendron JM, Haque A, Gendron N, Chang TS, Asami T, Wang ZY. Chemical genetic dissection of brassinosteroid-ethylene interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT 2008; 1:368-79. [PMID: 19825546 PMCID: PMC2975526 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssn005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We undertook a chemical genetics screen to identify chemical inhibitors of brassinosteroid (BR) action. From a chemical library of 10,000 small molecules, one compound was found to inhibit hypocotyl length and activate the expression of a BR-repressed reporter gene (CPD::GUS) in Arabidopsis, and it was named brassinopride (BRP). These effects of BRP could be reversed by co-treatment with brassinolide, suggesting that BRP either directly or indirectly inhibits BR biosynthesis. Interestingly, the compound causes exaggerated apical hooks, similar to that caused by ethylene treatment. The BRP-induced apical hook phenotype can be blocked by a chemical inhibitor of ethylene perception or an ethylene-insensitive mutant, suggesting that, in addition to inhibiting BR, BRP activates ethylene response. Analysis of BRP analogs provided clues about structural features important for its effects on two separate targets in the BR and ethylene pathways. Analyses of the responses of various BR and ethylene mutants to BRP, ethylene, and BR treatments revealed modes of cross-talk between ethylene and BR in dark-grown seedlings. Our results suggest that active downstream BR signaling, but not BR synthesis or a BR gradient, is required for ethylene-induced apical hook formation. The BRP-related compounds can be useful tools for manipulating plant growth and studying hormone interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Gendron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Asif Haque
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Nathan Gendron
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Timothy S. Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305. . Phone: 650-325-1521 ext 205. Fax: 650-325-6857
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
In animals, a large number of steroid hormones play important roles in numerous processes including reproduction and differentiation. The biologically active plant steroid brassinolide (BL) was first discovered in the pollen of western rape in 1979 (Grove et al., 1979). This finding suggested that BL is indispensable for plant growth and differentiation. To date, more than 50 BL analogs have been identified, and the group has been termed brassinosteroids (BRs) (Fujioka and Yokota, 2003). Brassinosteroids have several biological activities, such as inducing cell elongation when applied at very low concentrations. For this reason, soon after their discovery, they were suggested to be a sixth type of plant hormone; however, for years BRs were not considered true plant hormones. The turning point in BR research was the discovery of the Arabidopsis dwarf mutants det2 and cpd in 1996 (Li et al., 1996; Szekeres et al., 1996). These BR-deficient mutants were found to revert to the wild-type phenotype following BR treatment. Concurrent with the analysis of these mutants, an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of BRs was being elucidated through chemical analysis. Following the isolation of det2 and cpd, a great number of BR-deficient mutants were identified. The mutant genes were found to encode proteins that catalyze the conversion of plant steroids to BR precursors. Eventually, BRs were widely recognized as important plant hormones indispensable for growth and differentiation (Clouse and Sasse, 1998). In parallel, mutants that are insensitive to BRs were isolated (Clouse et al., 1996; Li et al., 1997) with phenotypes very similar to those of the BR-biosynthesis mutants. Investigations of these mutants revealed several mechanisms of BR perception and signal transduction (Bishop and Koncz, 2002; Clouse, 2002). This review describes findings on the effects of BRs on plant growth, BR biosynthesis and catabolism, and BR signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Asami
- Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitamna 351-0198, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Asami T, Oh K, Jikumaru Y, Shimada Y, Kaneko I, Nakano T, Takatsuto S, Fujioka S, Yoshida S. A mammalian steroid action inhibitor spironolactone retards plant growth by inhibition of brassinosteroid action and induces light-induced gene expression in the dark. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 91:41-7. [PMID: 15261306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We screened steroid derivatives and found that spironolactone, an inhibitor of both 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) and aldosterone receptor, is an inhibitor of phytohormone brassinosteroid (BR) action in plants. Under both dark and light growing conditions, spironolactone induced morphological changes in Arabidopsis, characteristic of brassinosteroid-deficient mutants. Spironolactone-treated plants were also nearly restored to the wild-type phenotype by treatment with additional BRs. In the spironolactone-treated Arabidopsis, the CPD gene in the BR biosynthesis pathway was up-regulated, probably due to feedback regulation caused by BR-deficiency. Spironolactone-treated tobacco plants grown in the dark showed expression of light-regulated genes as was observed in the deficient mutant. These data suggest that spironolactone inhibits brassinosteroid action probably due to the blockage of biosynthesis and exerts its activity against plants. Thus, spironolactone, in conjunction with brassinosteroid-deficient mutants, can be used to clarify the function of BRs in plants and characterize mutants. The spironolactone action site was also investigated by feeding BR biosynthesis intermediates to Arabidopsis grown in the dark, and the results are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Asami
- RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morant M, Bak S, Møller BL, Werck-Reichhart D. Plant cytochromes P450: tools for pharmacology, plant protection and phytoremediation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2003; 14:151-62. [PMID: 12732316 DOI: 10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 catalyse extremely diverse and often complex regiospecific and/or stereospecific reactions in the biosynthesis or catabolism of plant bioactive molecules. Engineered P450 expression is needed for low-cost production of antineoplastic drugs such as taxol or indole alkaloids and offers the possibility to increase the content of nutraceuticals such as phytoestrogens and antioxidants in plants. Natural products may serve important functions in plant defence and metabolic engineering of P450s is a prime target to improve plant defence against insects and pathogens. Herbicides, pollutants and other xenobiotics are metabolised by some plant P450 enzymes. These P450s are tools to modify herbicide tolerance, as selectable markers and for bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Morant
- Department of Plant Stress Response, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, CNRS-UPR2357, Université Louis Pateur, 28 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|