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Yu X, Feng M, Guo J, Wang H, Yu J, Zhang A, Wu J, Han Y, Sun Z, Liao Y, Zhao Q. MLKL promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through inhibition of AMPK-mediated autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01314-5. [PMID: 38783090 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is an essential component of the activation of the necroptotic pathway. Emerging evidence suggests that MLKL plays a key role in liver disease. However, how MLKL contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we report that MLKL is upregulated in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced murine HCC model and is associated with human hepatocellular carcinomas. Hepatocyte-specific MLKL knockout suppresses the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. Conversely, MLKL overexpression aggravates the initiation and progression of DEN-induced HCC. Mechanistic study reveals that deletion of MLKL significantly increases the activation of autophagy, thereby protecting against hepatocarcinogenesis. MLKL directly interacts with AMPKα1 and inhibits its activity independent of its necroptotic function. Mechanistically, MLKL serves as a bridging molecule between AMPKα1 and protein phosphatase 1B (PPM1B), thus enhancing the dephosphorylation of AMPKα1. Consistently, MLKL expression correlates negatively with AMPKα1 phosphorylation in HCC patients. Taken together, our findings highlight MLKL as a novel AMPK gatekeeper that plays key roles in inhibiting autophagy and driving hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting that the MLKL-AMPKα1 axis is a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
- Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Wudang Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Mengyuan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
- Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Wudang Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Wudang Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
- Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Wudang Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Anjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
- Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Wudang Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
- Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Wudang Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yamei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zequn Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yingying Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
- Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Wudang Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
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Li Z, Chen R, Li Y, Zhou Q, Zhao H, Zeng K, Zhao B, Lu Z. A comprehensive overview of PPM1B: From biological functions to diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175633. [PMID: 36863552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is an important mechanism that regulates cellular processes, which are precisely regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases. PPM1B is a metal ion-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase, which regulates multiple biological functions by targeting substrate dephosphorylation, such as cell cycle, energy metabolism, inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarized the occurrent understandings of PPM1B focused on its regulation of signaling pathways, related diseases, and small-molecular inhibitors, which may provide new insights for the identification of PPM1B inhibitors and the treatment of PPM1B-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyao Li
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huanxin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Kewu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Purwaningsih I, Maksum IP, Sumiarsa D, Sriwidodo S. A Review of Fibraurea tinctoria and Its Component, Berberine, as an Antidiabetic and Antioxidant. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031294. [PMID: 36770960 PMCID: PMC9919506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia caused by resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, or excessive glucagon production. Numerous studies have linked diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress. People with diabetes usually exhibit high oxidative stress due to persistent and chronic hyperglycemia, which impairs the activity of the antioxidant defense system and promotes the formation of free radicals. Recently, several studies have focused on exploring natural antioxidants to improve diabetes mellitus. Fibraurea tinctoria has long been known as the native Borneo used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. Taxonomically, this plant is part of the Menispermaceae family, widely known for producing various alkaloids. Among them are protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with many pharmacological activities. Berberine is receiving considerable interest because of its antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, which are based on many biochemical pathways. Therefore, this review explores the pharmacological effects of Fibraurea tinctoria and its active constituent, berberine, against oxidative stress and diabetes, emphasizing its mechanistic aspects. This review also summarizes the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of berberine and in silico studies of berberine in several diseases and its protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indah Purwaningsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak, Pontianak 78124, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (I.P.M.)
| | - Iman Permana Maksum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (I.P.M.)
| | - Dadan Sumiarsa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Biregeya J, Anjago WM, Pan S, Zhang R, Yang Z, Chen M, Felix A, Xu H, Lin Y, Nkurikiyimfura O, Abubakar YS, Wang Z, Tang W. Type 2C Protein Phosphatases MoPtc5 and MoPtc7 Are Crucial for Multiple Stress Tolerance, Conidiogenesis and Pathogenesis of Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010001. [PMID: 36675822 PMCID: PMC9863299 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases and phosphatases catalyze the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of their protein substrates, respectively, and these are important mechanisms in cellular signal transduction. The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae possesses 6 protein phosphatases of type 2C class, including MoPtc1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8. However, only very little is known about the roles of these phosphatases in filamentous fungi. Here in, we deployed genetics and molecular biology techniques to identify, characterize and establish the roles of MoPtc5 and MoPtc7 in M. oryzae development and pathogenicity. We found that during pathogen-host interaction, MoPTC7 is differentially expressed. Double deletion of MoPTC7 and MoPTC5 suppressed the fungal vegetative growth, altered its cell wall integrity and reduced its virulence. The two genes were found indispensable for stress tolerance in the phytopathogen. We also demonstrated that disruption of any of the two genes highly affected appressorium turgor generation and Mps1 and Osm1 phosphorylation levels. Lastly, we demonstrated that both MoPtc5 and MoPtc7 are localized to mitochondria of different cellular compartments in the blast fungus. Taken together, our study revealed synergistic coordination of M. oryzae development and pathogenesis by the type 2C protein phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Biregeya
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wilfred M. Anjago
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shu Pan
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meilian Chen
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Abah Felix
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huxiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Oswald Nkurikiyimfura
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810103, Nigeria
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.T.)
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.T.)
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The Role of Transcription Factor PPAR-γ in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis, Skin Cells, and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179708. [PMID: 36077103 PMCID: PMC9456565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-γ is one of three PPAR nuclear receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. In immune cells, the skin, and other organs, PPAR-γ regulates lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The receptor translates nutritional, pharmacological, and metabolic stimuli into the changes in gene expression. The activation of PPAR-γ promotes cell differentiation, reduces the proliferation rate, and modulates the immune response. In the skin, PPARs also contribute to the functioning of the skin barrier. Since we know that the route from identification to the registration of drugs is long and expensive, PPAR-γ agonists already approved for other diseases may also represent a high interest for psoriasis. In this review, we discuss the role of PPAR-γ in the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of skin and immune cells affected by psoriasis and in contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. We also evaluate whether the agonists of PPAR-γ may become one of the therapeutic options to suppress the inflammatory response in lesional psoriatic skin and decrease the influence of comorbidities associated with psoriasis.
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Li R, Dou J, Bai T, Cai B, Liu Y. Protein Phosphatase PPM1B Inhibits Gastric Cancer Progression and Serves as a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:366-374. [PMID: 35319516 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatase PPM1B, also named as PP2Cβ, is a member of serine/threonine phosphatase family. Dysregulated expression of PPM1B has been reported in several malignancies; nevertheless, its role in gastric cancer remains unknown. Here, we aimed to initially investigate the expression and function of PPM1B in gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS We firstly evaluated the protein expression of PPM1B in our enrolled retrospective cohort (n=161) via immunohistochemistry staining. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess its prognostic value. Cellular experiments and xenografts in mice model were also performed to validate the role of PPM1B in gastric adenocarcinoma progression. RESULTS The advanced tumor stage was characterized with a lower PPM1B level. Lower PPM1B was associated with poor prognosis in both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and our cohort (P<0.05). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis demonstrated that PPM1B was a novel independent prognostic factor for gastric adenocarcinoma patients (hazard ratio=0.35, P=0.001). Finally, cellular and xenografts data confirmed that overexpressing PPM1B can remarkably attenuated gastric adenocarcinoma growth. CONCLUSION Low expression of PPM1B may be a potential molecular marker for poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Neurology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou
| | - Tianliang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding
| | - Bindan Cai
- Department of Neurology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou
| | - Yabin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province), Shijiiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Li M, Lv X, Bao K, Yu Tian X, He L, Shi L, Zhu Y, Ai D. YAP Targets the TGFβ Pathway to Mediate High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Arterial Stiffness. Circ Res 2022; 130:851-867. [PMID: 35176871 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is related to cardiovascular diseases, which is attributed in part, to arterial stiffness; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of metabolic syndrome-induced arterial stiffness and to identify new therapeutic targets. METHODS Arterial stiffness was induced by high-fat/high-sucrose diet in mice, which was quantified by Doppler ultrasound. Four-dimensional label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, affinity purification and mass spectrometry, and immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down experiments were performed to explore the mechanism of YAP (Yes-associated protein)-mediated TGF (transforming growth factor) β pathway activation. RESULTS YAP protein was upregulated in the aortic tunica media of mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet for 2 weeks and precedes arterial stiffness. Smooth muscle cell-specific YAP knockdown attenuated high-fat/high-sucrose diet-induced arterial stiffness and activation of TGFβ-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in arteries. By contrast, Myh11CreERT2-YapTg mice exhibited exacerbated high-fat/high-sucrose diet-induced arterial stiffness and enhanced TGFβ-activated Smad2/3 phosphorylation in arteries. PPM1B (protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1B) was identified as a YAP-bound phosphatase that translocates into the nucleus to dephosphorylate Smads in response to TGFβ. This process was inhibited by YAP through removal of the K63-linked ubiquitin chain of PPM1B at K326. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a new mechanism by which smooth muscle cell YAP regulates the TGFβ pathway and a potential therapeutic target in metabolic syndrome-associated arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, China. (Y.L., X.L., D.A.)
| | - Mengke Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China. (M.L., Y.Z., D.A.)
| | - Xue Lv
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, China. (Y.L., X.L., D.A.)
| | - Kaiwen Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China. (K.B., L.S.)
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong (X.Y.T., L.H.)
| | - Lei He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong (X.Y.T., L.H.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China. (K.B., L.S.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China. (M.L., Y.Z., D.A.)
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, China. (Y.L., X.L., D.A.).,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China. (M.L., Y.Z., D.A.)
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Li M, Xu X, Su Y, Shao X, Zhou Y, Yan J. A comprehensive overview of PPM1A: From structure to disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:453-461. [PMID: 34861123 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211061883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PPM1A (magnesium-dependent phosphatase 1 A, also known as PP2Cα) is a member of the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase family. Protein phosphatases catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from proteins via hydrolysis, thus opposing the role of protein kinases. The PP2C family is generally considered a negative regulator in the eukaryotic stress response pathway. PPM1A can bind and dephosphorylate various proteins and is therefore involved in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes. It plays a crucial role in transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis and has been suggested to be closely related to the occurrence and development of cancers of the lung, bladder, and breast, amongst others. Moreover, it is closely related to certain autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we provide an insight into currently available knowledge of PPM1A, including its structure, biological function, involvement in signaling pathways, and association with diseases. Lastly, we discuss whether PPM1A could be targeted for therapy of certain human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianguo Yan
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
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9
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Qian K, Yu D, Wang W, Jiang M, Yang R, Brown R, Gong DW. STK38 is a PPARγ-interacting protein promoting adipogenesis. Adipocyte 2021; 10:524-531. [PMID: 34670478 PMCID: PMC8726646 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1980257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is the master regulator of adipogenesis, but knowledge about how PPARγ is regulated at the protein level is very limited. We aimed to identify PPARγ-interacting proteins which modulate PPARγ’s protein levels and transactivating activities in human adipocytes. We expressed Flag-tagged PPARγ in human preadipocytes as bait to capture PPARγ-associated proteins, followed by mass spectroscopy and proteomics analysis, which identified serine/threonine kinase 38 (STK38) as a major PPARγ-associated protein. Protein pulldown studies confirmed this protein–protein interaction in transfected cells, and reporter assays demonstrated that STK38 enhanced PPARγ’s transactivating activities without requiring STK38’s kinase activity. In cell-based assays, STK38 increased PPARγ protein stability, extending PPARγ’s half-life from ~1.08 to 1.95 h. Notably, in human preadipocytes, the overexpression of STK38 enhanced adipogenesis, whereas knockdown impaired the process in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Thus, we discovered that STK38 is a novel PPARγ-cofactor promoting adipogenesis, likely through stabilization of PPARγ
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Daozhan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Weiming Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mengqi Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rongze Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Robert Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Da-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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10
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Metal dependent protein phosphatase PPM family in cardiac health and diseases. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110061. [PMID: 34091011 PMCID: PMC9107372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is central to signal transduction in nearly every aspect of cellular function, including cardiovascular regulation and diseases. While protein kinases are often regarded as the molecular drivers in cellular signaling with high specificity and tight regulation, dephosphorylation mediated by protein phosphatases is also gaining increasing appreciation as an important part of the signal transduction network essential for the robustness, specificity and homeostasis of cell signaling. Metal dependent protein phosphatases (PPM, also known as protein phosphatases type 2C, PP2C) belong to a highly conserved family of protein phosphatases with unique biochemical and molecular features. Accumulating evidence also indicates important and specific functions of individual PPM isoform in signaling and cellular processes, including proliferation, senescence, apoptosis and metabolism. At the physiological level, abnormal PPM expression and activity have been implicated in major human diseases, including cancer, neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Finally, inhibitors for some of the PPM members have been developed as a potential therapeutic strategy for human diseases. In this review, we will focus on the background information about the biochemical and molecular features of major PPM family members, with emphasis on their demonstrated or potential roles in cardiac pathophysiology. The current challenge and potential directions for future investigations will also be highlighted.
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Neumann J, Boknik P, Kirchhefer U, Gergs U. The role of PP5 and PP2C in cardiac health and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110035. [PMID: 33964402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases are important, for example, as functional antagonists of β-adrenergic stimulation of the mammalian heart. While β-adrenergic stimulations increase the phosphorylation state of regulatory proteins and therefore force of contraction in the heart, these phosphorylations are reversed and thus force is reduced by the activity of protein phosphatases. In this context the role of PP5 and PP2C is starting to unravel. They do not belong to the same family of phosphatases with regard to sequence homology, many similarities with regard to location, activation by lipids and putative substrates have been worked out over the years. We also suggest which pathways for regulation of PP5 and/or PP2C described in other tissues and not yet in the heart might be useful to look for in cardiac tissue. Both phosphatases might play a role in signal transduction of sarcolemmal receptors in the heart. Expression of PP5 and PP2C can be increased by extracellular stimuli in the heart. Because PP5 is overexpressed in failing animal and human hearts, and because overexpression of PP5 or PP2C leads to cardiac hypertrophy and KO of PP5 leads to cardiac hypotrophy, one might argue for a role of PP5 and PP2C in heart failure. Because PP5 and PP2C can reduce, at least in vitro, the phosphorylation state of proteins thought to be relevant for cardiac arrhythmias, a role of these phosphatases for cardiac arrhythmias is also probable. Thus, PP5 and PP2C might be druggable targets to treat important cardiac diseases like heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097 Halle, Germany.
| | - Peter Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstraße 12, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstraße 12, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097 Halle, Germany.
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Bao Y, Qian C, Liu MY, Jiang F, Jiang X, Liu H, Zhang Z, Sun F, Fu N, Hou Z, Ke Y, Li Y, Qian ZM. PRKAA/AMPKα phosphorylation switches the role of RASAL2 from a suppressor to an activator of autophagy. Autophagy 2021; 17:3607-3621. [PMID: 33563064 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1886767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RASAL2 (RAS protein activator like 2), a RASGTPase activating protein, can catalyze the hydrolysis of RAS-GTP into RAS-GDP to inactivate the RAS pathway in various types of cancer cells. However, the cellular function of RASAL2 remains elusive. Here we showed that RASAL2 can attenuate PRKAA/AMPKα phosphorylation by recruiting phosphatase PPM1B/pp2cβ, thus inhibiting the initiation of basal autophagy under normal conditions. In addition, we found that glucose starvation could induce dissociation of PPM1B from RASAL2 and then RASAL2 at S351 be phosphorylated by PRKAA, followed by the binding of phosphorylated-RASAL2 with to PIK3C3/VPS34-ATG14-BECN1/Beclin1 complex to increase PIK3C3 activity and autophagy. Furthermore, RASAL2 S351 phosphorylation facilitated breast tumor growth and correlated to poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. Our study demonstrated that the phosphorylation status of RASAL2 S351 can function as a molecular switch to either suppress or promote AMPK-mediated autophagy. Inhibition of RASAL2 S351 phosphorylation might be a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome the resistance of AMPK-activation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bao
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Meng-Yue Liu
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanghui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningwei Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Berberine Improves Inflammatory Responses of Diabetes Mellitus in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats and Insulin-Resistant HepG2 Cells through the PPM1B Pathway. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2141508. [PMID: 32908938 PMCID: PMC7450322 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2141508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), a natural compound extracted from a Chinese herb, has been shown to effectively attenuate insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation in the clinic. However, its ameliorative mechanism against IR is not well defined. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of BBR and protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1B (PPM1B) on IR. Biochemical measurements and liver histopathology were detected using the biochemical analyzer and HE staining in ZDF rats, respectively. Microarray analysis of liver tissues was performed, and differentially expressed gene (DEG) levels were examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Additionally, the effect of BBR was also explored in HepG2-IR cells. The glucose oxidase method and the fluorescent glucose analog were used to detect glucose consumption and uptake, respectively. The PKA inhibitor H89, ELISA, qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were employed to estimate the expression levels of related signaling pathways. To evaluate the roles of PPM1B, HepG2-IR cells were stably infected with lentivirus targeting PPM1B. The administration of BBR drastically decreased the body weight, urine volume, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), CHOL, hepatic index levels, and pathologic changes and improved ALB levels in ZDF rats with PPM1B upregulation. Furthermore, BBR effectively improves glucose consumption, uptake, and inflammation in HepG2-IR cells. The knockdown of PPM1B expression aggravated the inflammatory response and glycometabolism disorder in HepG2-IR cells. Mechanistically, a reversal in the expression of cAMP, PKA, PPM1B, PPARγ, LRP1, GLUT4, NF-κB p65, JNK, pIKKβ Ser181, IKKβ, IRS-1 Ser307, IRS-1, IRS-2 Ser731, IRS-2, PI3K p85, and AKT Ser473 contributes to ameliorate IR in HepG2-IR cells with BBR treatment. Altogether, these results suggest that BBR might regulate IR progression through the regulation of the cAMP, PKA, PPM1B, PPARγ, LRP1, GLUT4, NF-κB p65, JNK, pIKKβ Ser181, IKKβ, IRS-1 Ser307, IRS-1, IRS-2 Ser731, IRS-2, PI3K p85, and AKT Ser473 expression in the liver.
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Metal-dependent Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PPM family: Evolution, structures, diseases and inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107622. [PMID: 32650009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases and kinases control multiple cellular events including proliferation, differentiation, and stress responses through regulating reversible protein phosphorylation, the most important post-translational modification. Members of metal-dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) family, also known as PP2C phosphatases, are Ser/Thr phosphatases that bind manganese/magnesium ions (Mn2+/Mg2+) in their active center and function as single subunit enzymes. In mammals, there are 20 isoforms of PPM phosphatases: PPM1A, PPM1B, PPM1D, PPM1E, PPM1F, PPM1G, PPM1H, PPM1J, PPM1K, PPM1L, PPM1M, PPM1N, ILKAP, PDP1, PDP2, PHLPP1, PHLPP2, PP2D1, PPTC7, and TAB1, whereas there are only 8 in yeast. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences of vertebrate PPM isoforms revealed that they can be divided into 12 different classes: PPM1A/PPM1B/PPM1N, PPM1D, PPM1E/PPM1F, PPM1G, PPM1H/PPM1J/PPM1M, PPM1K, PPM1L, ILKAP, PDP1/PDP2, PP2D1/PHLPP1/PHLPP2, TAB1, and PPTC7. PPM-family members have a conserved catalytic core region, which contains the metal-chelating residues. The different isoforms also have isoform specific regions within their catalytic core domain and terminal domains, and these regions may be involved in substrate recognition and/or functional regulation of the phosphatases. The twenty mammalian PPM phosphatases are involved in regulating diverse cellular functions, such as cell cycle control, cell differentiation, immune responses, and cell metabolism. Mutation, overexpression, or deletion of the PPM phosphatase gene results in abnormal cellular responses, which lead to various human diseases. This review focuses on the structures and biological functions of the PPM-phosphatase family and their associated diseases. The development of specific inhibitors against the PPM phosphatase family as a therapeutic strategy will also be discussed.
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Khim KW, Choi SS, Jang HJ, Lee YH, Lee E, Hyun JM, Eom HJ, Yoon S, Choi JW, Park TE, Nam D, Choi JH. PPM1A Controls Diabetic Gene Programming through Directly Dephosphorylating PPARγ at Ser273. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020343. [PMID: 32024237 PMCID: PMC7072254 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator of adipose tissue biology. In obesity, phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser273 (pSer273) by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) orchestrates diabetic gene reprogramming via dysregulation of specific gene expression. Although many recent studies have focused on the development of non-classical agonist drugs that inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser273, the molecular mechanism of PPARγ dephosphorylation at Ser273 is not well characterized. Here, we report that protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1A (PPM1A) is a novel PPARγ phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates Ser273 and restores diabetic gene expression which is dysregulated by pSer273. The expression of PPM1A significantly decreases in two models of insulin resistance: diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and db/db mice, in which it negatively correlates with pSer273. Transcriptomic analysis using microarray and genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) data in humans shows positive correlations between PPM1A and most of the genes that are dysregulated by pSer273. These findings suggest that PPM1A dephosphorylates PPARγ at Ser273 and represents a potential target for the treatment of obesity-linked metabolic disorders.
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Ying H, Ji L, Xu Z, Fan X, Tong Y, Liu H, Zhao J, Cai X. TRIM59 promotes tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma and regulates the cell cycle by degradation of protein phosphatase 1B. Cancer Lett 2019; 473:13-24. [PMID: 31875525 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif 59 (TRIM59) is a member of Tripartite motif protein family, which is frequently increased in many human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of TRIM59 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we report that TRIM59 plays an essential role in growth of HCC. We analyzed RNA sequencing data to explore abnormally expressed TRIM59 in HCC. The effects of TRIM59 on HCC were investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays (i.e., CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, xenograft model, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blot). The mechanism of TRIM59 action was explored through co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. TRIM59 expression is up-regulated in HCC tissues. A high level of TRIM59 expression is correlated with poor overall and disease-free survival of HCC patients. Knockdown of TRIM59 attenuated proliferation, induced cells arrested at G1/S phase and reduced tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model. Ectopic expression of TRIM59 had the opposite results. Mechanistically, TRIM59 promoted growth and regulated cell cycle. Further studies indicated that TRIM59 might interacted physically with PPM1B, which has been reported to negatively regulate CDKs phosphorylation. We also discovered that TRIM59 increased degradation of PPM1B. TRIM59 overexpression in HCC patients correlated with reduced expression of PPM1B and increased CDKs phosphorylation and cell cycle proteins. Our findings demonstrate that TRIM59 promotes growth by PPM1B/CDKs signaling pathway, indicating a new prognostic biomarker candidate and a potential antitumor target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanning Ying
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Wang X, Qian C, Yang Y, Liu MY, Ke Y, Qian ZM. Phosphorylated Rasal2 facilitates breast cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:144-155. [PMID: 31759919 PMCID: PMC6921363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rasal2 has diametric effects on progression of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and -negative (ER-) breast cancers. The relevant causes are unknown. It is also unknown whether the effects of Rasal2 are mediated by an exosome-transport process. METHODS Exosomes were purified from breast cancer cells and identified by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the role of Rasal2 in exosome-mediated breast cancer progression. Western blot analysis was performed to detect Rasal2 and p-Rasal2 (phosphorylated Rasal2) expression in ER+/ER- breast cancer cells and in exosomes, cancer tissues and blood of patients with ER+ or ER- breast cancer. FINDINGS Phosphorylation of Rasal2 at Serine 237 promoted tumour growth in both ER+ and ER- tumour cells and tissues. The functions of both p-Rasal2 and non-p-Rasal2 (non-phosphorylated-Rasal2) in the modulation of breast cancer progression are exosome-mediated. p-Rasal2 expression in ER+ breast cancer cells and exosomes, cancer tissues and blood was significantly lower than in ER- tumour cells and patients. INTERPRETATION p-Rasal2 facilitates tumour progression in both ER+ and ER- breast cancers. The ratio of p-Rasal2/non-p-Rasal2 in ER+ and ER- breast cancers is one of the factors deciding the role of Rasal2 (or total Rasal2) as a suppressor in ER+ breast cancers or as a promoter in ER- breast cancers. Targeting the phosphorylation of Rasal2 machinery may therefore be useful as a therapy to restrain breast cancer progression by reducing p-Rasal2/non-p-Rasal2 ratio, especially in ER- breast cancers. FUND: NSFC and Hong Kong Research Grants Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Yinlong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Meng-Yue Liu
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226019, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226019, China.
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Pereira JM, Chevalier C, Chaze T, Gianetto Q, Impens F, Matondo M, Cossart P, Hamon MA. Infection Reveals a Modification of SIRT2 Critical for Chromatin Association. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1124-1137. [PMID: 29694890 PMCID: PMC5946459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 is a nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase that regulates cell processes such as carcinogenesis, cell cycle, DNA damage, and infection. Subcellular localization of SIRT2 is crucial for its function but is poorly understood. Infection with the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, which relocalizes SIRT2 from the cytoplasm to the chromatin, provides an ideal stimulus for the molecular study of this process. In this report, we provide a map of SIRT2 post-translational modification sites and focus on serine 25 phosphorylation. We show that infection specifically induces dephosphorylation of S25, an event essential for SIRT2 chromatin association. Furthermore, we identify a nuclear complex formed by the phosphatases PPM1A and PPM1B, with SIRT2 essential for controlling H3K18 deacetylation and SIRT2-mediated gene repression during infection and necessary for a productive Listeria infection. This study reveals a molecular mechanism regulating SIRT2 function and localization, paving the way for understanding other SIRT2-regulated cellular processes. Infection induces modification of the host deacetylase SIRT2 to target it to chromatin Dephosphorylation of serine 25 on SIRT2 controls its subcellular localization PPM1A and PPM1B form a nuclear complex to dephosphorylate serine 25 The phosphorylation state of serine 25 is crucial for Listeria infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Pereira
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Chromatine et Infection G5, Paris, France
| | | | - Thibault Chaze
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Gianetto
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Francis Impens
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France.
| | - Mélanie A Hamon
- Institut Pasteur, Chromatine et Infection G5, Paris, France.
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Ishii N, Homma T, Watanabe R, Kimura N, Ohnishi M, Kobayashi T, Fujii J. A heterozygous deficiency in protein phosphatase Ppm1b results in an altered ovulation number in mice. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5353-5360. [PMID: 31059097 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ppm1b, a metal‑dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a variety of phosphorylated proteins. Ppm1b‑/‑ mouse embryos die at the fertilized oocyte stage, whereas Ppm1b+/‑ mice with a C57BL/6 background exhibit no phenotypic abnormalities. Because the C57BL/6 strain produces a limited number of pups, in an attempt to produce Ppm1b‑/‑ mice, congenic Ppm1b+/‑ mice with an ICR background were established, which are more fertile and gave birth to more pups. As a result, however, no Ppm1b‑/‑ offspring were obtained when pairs of Ppm1b+/‑ ICR mice were bred again. Ppm1b+/‑ male and female ICR mice were analyzed from the viewpoint of fecundity. The Ppm1b haploinsufficiency had no effect on testicular weight or the number of sperm in male mice. Despite the fact that the levels of Ppm1b protein in the ovaries of sexually mature Ppm1b+/‑ mice were decreased compared with those of Ppm1b+/+ mice, there appeared to be no significant difference in the histological appearance of the ovaries, litter sizes or plasma progesterone levels at the estrous stage. When superovulation was induced by stimulation using a hormone treatment, the number of ovulated oocytes were the same for Ppm1b+/‑ and Ppm1b+/+ mice at 4 weeks of age when the estrous cycle did not proceed, however, the number of ovulated oocytes was lower in sexually mature Ppm1b+/‑ mice at 11 weeks of age compared with Ppm1b+/+ mice in the first and the second superovulation cycles. These collective results suggest that follicle development is excessive in Ppm1b+/‑ mice, and that this leads to a partial depletion of matured follicles and a corresponding decrease in the number of ovulated oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990‑9585, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990‑9585, Japan
| | - Ren Watanabe
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997‑8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Kimura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997‑8555, Japan
| | - Motoko Ohnishi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 87‑8501, Japan
| | - Takayasu Kobayashi
- Center for Gene Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990‑9585, Japan
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Zhang X, Sun R, Liu L. Potentially critical roles of TNPO1, RAP1B, ZDHHC17, and PPM1B in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis through microarray data analysis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4301-4311. [PMID: 30269354 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify more potentially critical genes associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression profile of GSE12288 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in atherosclerotic CAD samples compared with controls, followed by weighed gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) by which the most significant module was identified. Gene coexpression network was constructed based on genes in the most significant module, and functional annotation was also performed. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) that were directly associated with CAD were screened from the literature, and the miRNA-target regulatory network was constructed based on genes in the most significant module, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we used another data set of GSE42148 from the GEO database to perform data validation. RESULTS WGCNA analysis showed that the turquoise module may have the most important role in atherosclerotic CAD. Genes in this module were involved in translational elongation and intracellular signal transduction. Besides, we identified five confirmed CAD-related miRNAs. TNPO1, RAP1B, and ZDHHC17 could be targeted by four of these miRNAs. Genes such as PPM1B could be regulated by three miRNAs. Moreover, TNPO1 and ZDHHC17 were involved in the GO terms associated with protein localization and transport and the immune system; RAP1B and PPM1B were linked with intracellular signal transduction-related pathways. In addition, PPM1B and ZDHHC17 had accordantly significant expression changes in another data set GSE42148. CONCLUSION TNPO1, RAP1B, ZDHHC17, and PPM1B may play essential roles in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng First People Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renhua Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng First People Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng First People Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Ma X, Chen Z, Wang L, Wang G, Wang Z, Dong X, Wen B, Zhang Z. The Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Its Inhibition by Berberine. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:782. [PMID: 30100874 PMCID: PMC6072898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial knowledge on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) by oxidative stress and inflammation is available. Berberine is a biologically active botanical that can combat oxidative stress and inflammation and thus ameliorate DM, especially type 2 DM. This article describes the potential of berberine against oxidative stress and inflammation with special emphasis on its mechanistic aspects. In diabetic animal studies, the modified levels of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were observed after administering berberine. In renal, fat, hepatic, pancreatic and several others tissues, berberine-mediated suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation was noted. Berberine acted against oxidative stress and inflammation through a very complex mechanism consisting of several kinases and signaling pathways involving various factors, including NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinases). Moreover, MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2) also have mechanistic involvement in oxidative stress and inflammation. In spite of above advancements, the mechanistic aspects of the inhibitory role of berberine against oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes mellitus still necessitate additional molecular studies. These studies will be useful to examine the new prospects of natural moieties against DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Chen
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Le Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gesheng Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Wang
- Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoBo Dong
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Binyu Wen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichen Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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22
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Functional Regulation of PPARs through Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061738. [PMID: 29895749 PMCID: PMC6032173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and they are essential regulators of cell differentiation, tissue development, and energy metabolism. Given their central roles in sensing the cellular metabolic state and controlling metabolic homeostasis, PPARs became important targets of drug development for the management of metabolic disorders. The function of PPARs is mainly regulated through ligand binding, which induces structural changes, further affecting the interactions with co-activators or co-repressors to stimulate or inhibit their functions. In addition, PPAR functions are also regulated by various Post-translational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs include phosphorylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, which are found at numerous modification sites. The addition of these PTMs has a wide spectrum of consequences on protein stability, transactivation function, and co-factor interaction. Moreover, certain PTMs in PPAR proteins have been associated with the status of metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the PTMs found on the three PPAR isoforms PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, and their corresponding modifying enzymes. We also discuss the functional roles of these PTMs in regulating metabolic homeostasis and provide a perspective for future research in this intriguing field.
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Cho HJ, Kim JT, Lee SJ, Hwang YS, Park SY, Kim BY, Yoo J, Hong KS, Min JK, Lee CH, Lim JS, Yoon SR, Choi I, Choe YK, Lee HG. Protein phosphatase 1B dephosphorylates Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 1 and suppresses cancer cell migration and invasion. Cancer Lett 2018; 417:141-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Ren L, Tang C, Li W, Cui J, Tan X, Xiong Y, Chen J, Wang J, Xiao J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Tao M, Zhang C, Liu S. Determination of dosage compensation and comparison of gene expression in a triploid hybrid fish. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:38. [PMID: 28056785 PMCID: PMC5216571 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyploidy and hybridization are both recognized as major forces in evolution. Most of our current knowledge about differences in gene regulation in polyploid hybrids comes from plant studies. The gene expression of diverged genomes and regulatory interactions are still unclear in lower vertebrates. Results We generated 229 million cleaned reads (42.23 Gbp) from triploid of maternal grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Cyprininae, 2n = 48) × paternal blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, Cultrinae, 2n = 48) and their diploid parents using next-generation sequencing. In total, 157,878 contigs were assembled and 15,444 genes were annotated. We examined gene expression level changes among the parents and their triploid offspring. The mechanisms of dosage compensation that reduced triploid expression levels to the diploid state were determined in triploid fish. In this situation, novel gene expression and gene silencing were observed. Then, we established a model to determine the extent and direction of expression level dominance (ELD) and homoeolog expression bias (HEB) based on the relative expression level among the parents and their triploid offspring. Conclusions Our results showed that the genome-wide ELD was biased toward maternal genome in triploid. Extensive alterations in homoeolog expression suggested a combination of regulatory and epigenetic interactions through the transcriptome network. Additionally, the expression patterns of growth genes provided insights into the relationship between the characteristics of growth and underlying mechanisms in triploids. Regulation patterns of triploid state suggest that various expression levels from the initial genomic merger have important roles in adaptation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3424-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Chenchen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Wuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jialin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xingjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yafeng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Yarmishyn AA, Kremenskoy M, Batagov AO, Preuss A, Wong JH, Kurochkin IV. Genome-wide analysis of mRNAs associated with mouse peroxisomes. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:1028. [PMID: 28155669 PMCID: PMC5259856 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RNA is often targeted to be localized to the specific subcellular compartments. Specific localization of mRNA is believed to be an important mechanism for targeting their protein products to the locations, where their function is required. Results In this study we performed the genome wide transcriptome analysis of peroxisome preparations from the mouse liver using microarrays. We demonstrate that RNA is absent inside peroxisomes, however it is associated at their exterior via the noncovalent contacts with the membrane proteins. We detect enrichment of specific sets of transcripts in two preparations of peroxisomes, purified with different degrees of stringency. Importantly, among these were mRNAs encoding bona fide peroxisomal proteins, such as peroxins and peroxisomal matrix enzymes involved in beta-oxidation of fatty acids and bile acid biosynthesis. The top-most enriched mRNA, whose association with peroxisomes we confirm microscopically was Hmgcs1, encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, a crucial enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. We observed significant representation of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial and secreted proteins in the peroxisomal fractions. Conclusions This is a pioneer genome-wide study of localization of mRNAs to peroxisomes that provides foundation for more detailed dissection of mechanisms of RNA targeting to subcellular compartments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3330-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr A Yarmishyn
- Department of Genome and Gene Expression Data Analysis, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Maksym Kremenskoy
- Department of Genome and Gene Expression Data Analysis, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Arsen O Batagov
- Department of Genome and Gene Expression Data Analysis, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Axel Preuss
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jin Huei Wong
- Department of Genome and Gene Expression Data Analysis, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Igor V Kurochkin
- Department of Genome and Gene Expression Data Analysis, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore. .,, Present address: Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan.
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Wu YS, Chen YT, Bao YT, Li ZM, Zhou XJ, He JN, Dai SJ, Li CY. Identification and Verification of Potential Therapeutic Target Genes in Berberine-Treated Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats through Bioinformatics Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166378. [PMID: 27846294 PMCID: PMC5112949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is used to treat diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, the effect of berberine on specific diabetes treatment targets is unknown. In the current study, we investigated the effect of berberine on the random plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), AST, ALT, BUN and CREA levels of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, and we identified and verified the importance of potential therapeutic target genes to provide molecular information for further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic effects of berberine. METHODS ZDF rats were randomly divided into control (Con), diabetic (DM) and berberine-treated (300 mg⋅kg-1, BBR) groups. After the ZDF rats were treated with BBR for 12 weeks, its effect on the random plasma glucose and HbA1C levels was evaluated. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), CREA and OGTT were measured from blood, respectively. The levels of gene expression in liver samples were analyzed using an Agilent rat gene expression 4x44K microarray. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened as those with log2 (Con vs DM) ≥ 1 and log2 (BBR vs DM) ≥ 1 expression levels, which were the genes with up-regulated expression, and those with log2 (Con vs DM) ≤ -1 and log2 (BBR vs DM) ≤ -1 expression levels, which were the genes with down-regulated expression; the changes in gene expression were considered significant at P<0.05. The functions of the DEGs were determined using gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape software. The expression levels of the key node genes in the livers of the ZDF rats were also analyzed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS We found that 12 weeks of berberine treatment significantly decreased the random plasma glucose, HbA1C levels and improved glucose tolerance. There was a tendency for berberine to reduce AST, ALT, BUN except increase CREA levels. In the livers of the BBR group, we found 154 DEGs, including 91 genes with up-regulated expression and 63 genes with down-regulated expression. In addition, GO enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of the DEGs in the following categories: metabolic process, localization, cellular process, biological regulation and response to stimulus process. After the gene screening, KEGG pathway analysis showed that the target genes are involved in multiple pathways, including the lysine degradation, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate and pyruvate metabolism pathways. By combining the results of PPI network and KEGG pathway analyses, we identified seven key node genes. The qRT-PCR results confirmed that the expression of the RHOA, MAPK4 and DLAT genes was significantly down-regulated compared with the levels in DM group, whereas the expression of the SgK494, DOT1L, SETD2 and ME3 genes was significantly up-regulated in the BBR group. CONCLUSION Berberine can significantly improve glucose metabolism and has a protective effects of liver and kidney function in ZDF rats. The qRT-PCR results for the crucial DEGs validated the microarray results. These results suggested that the RHOA, MAPK4, SGK494, DOT1L, SETD2, ME3 and DLAT genes are potential therapeutic target genes for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tao Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Ming Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Na He
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jie Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Youssef J, Badr M. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Features, Functions, and Future. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.11131/2015/101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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28
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Pondugula SR, Flannery PC, Apte U, Babu JR, Geetha T, Rege SD, Chen T, Abbott KL. Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent phosphatase 1A is involved in regulating pregnane X receptor-mediated cytochrome p450 3A4 gene expression. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:385-91. [PMID: 25561723 PMCID: PMC11024896 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.062083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Variations in the expression of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR)-mediated cytochrome p450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in liver can alter therapeutic response to a variety of drugs and may lead to potential adverse drug interactions. We sought to determine whether Mg(2+)/Mn(2+)-dependent phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) regulates hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression. PPM1A was found to be coimmunoprecipitated with hPXR. Genetic or pharmacologic activation of PPM1A led to a significant increase in hPXR transactivation of CYP3A4 promoter activity. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous PPM1A not only attenuated hPXR transactivation, but also increased proliferation of HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells, suggesting that PPM1A expression levels regulate hPXR, and that PPM1A expression is regulated in a proliferation-dependent manner. Indeed, PPM1A expression and hPXR transactivation were found to be significantly reduced in subconfluent HepG2 cells compared with confluent HepG2 cells, suggesting that both PPM1A expression and hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression may be downregulated in proliferating livers. Elevated PPM1A levels led to attenuation of hPXR inhibition by tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclin-dependent kinase-2, which are known to be upregulated and essential during liver regeneration. In mouse regenerating livers, similar to subconfluent HepG2 cells, expression of both PPM1A and the mouse PXR target gene cyp3a11 was found to be downregulated. Our results show that PPM1A can positively regulate PXR activity by counteracting PXR inhibitory signaling pathways that play a major role in liver regeneration. These results implicate a novel role for PPM1A in regulating hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression in hepatocytes and may explain a mechanism for CYP3A repression in regenerating livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Patrick C Flannery
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shraddha D Rege
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
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Abraham S, Paknikar R, Bhumbra S, Luan D, Garg R, Dressler GR, Patel SR. The Groucho-associated phosphatase PPM1B displaces Pax transactivation domain interacting protein (PTIP) to switch the transcription factor Pax2 from a transcriptional activator to a repressor. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7185-94. [PMID: 25631048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.607424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pax genes encode developmental regulatory proteins that specify cell lineages and tissues in metazoans. Upon binding to DNA through the conserved paired domain, Pax proteins can recruit both activating and repressing complexes that imprint distinct patterns of histone methylation associated with either gene activation or silencing. How the switch from Pax-mediated activation to repression is regulated remains poorly understood. In this report, we identify the phosphatase PPM1B as an essential component of the Groucho4 repressor complex that is recruited by Pax2 to chromatin. PPM1B can dephosphorylate the Pax2 activation domain and displace the adaptor protein PTIP, thus inhibiting H3K4 methylation and gene activation. Loss of PPM1B prevents Groucho-mediated gene repression. Thus, PPM1B helps switch Pax2 from a transcriptional activator to a repressor protein. This can have profound implications for developmental regulation by Pax proteins and suggests a model for imprinting specific epigenetic marks depending on the availability of co-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danny Luan
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Rohan Garg
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and
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30
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Hiltunen TP, Donner KM, Sarin A, Saarela J, Ripatti S, Chapman AB, Gums JG, Gong Y, Cooper‐DeHoff RM, Frau F, Glorioso V, Zaninello R, Salvi E, Glorioso N, Boerwinkle E, Turner ST, Johnson JA, Kontula KK. Pharmacogenomics of hypertension: a genome‐wide, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study, using four classes of antihypertensive drugs. J Am Heart Assoc 2015. [PMID: 25622599 PMCID: PMC4330076 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of genetic markers of antihypertensive drug responses could assist in individualization of hypertension treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify gene loci influencing the responsiveness of 228 male patients to 4 classes of antihypertensive drugs. The Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential Hypertension (GENRES) study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study where each subject received amlodipine, bisoprolol,hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan, each as a monotherapy, in a randomized order. Replication analyses were performed in 4 studies with patients of European ancestry (PEAR Study, N=386; GERA I and II Studies, N=196 and N=198; SOPHIA Study, N=372). We identified 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the ACY3 gene that showed associations with bisoprolol response reaching genome-wide significance (P<5x10(-8))however, this could not be replicated in the PEAR Study using atenolol. In addition, 39 single-nucleotide polymorphisms showed P values of 10(-5) to 10(-7). The 20 top-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms were different for each antihypertensive drug. None of these top single-nucleotide polymorphisms co-localized with the panel of >40 genes identified in genome-wide association studies of hypertension. Replication analyses of GENRES results provided suggestive evidence for a missense variant (rs3814995) in the NPHS1 (nephrin) gene influencing losartan response, and for 2 variants influencing hydrochlorothiazide response, located within or close to the ALDH1A3 (rs3825926) and CLIC5 (rs321329) genes. CONCLUSIONS These data provide some evidence for a link between biology of the glomerular protein nephrin and antihypertensive action of angiotensin receptor antagonists and encourage additional studies on aldehyde dehydrogenase–mediated reactions in antihypertensive drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo P. Hiltunen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (T.P.H., K.K.K.)
| | - Kati M. Donner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (K.M.D., A.P.S., J.S., S.R.)
| | - Antti‐Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (K.M.D., A.P.S., J.S., S.R.)
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (A.P.S.)
| | - Janna Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (K.M.D., A.P.S., J.S., S.R.)
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (K.M.D., A.P.S., J.S., S.R.)
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.R.)
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.R.)
| | - Arlene B. Chapman
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.B.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.B.C.)
| | - John G. Gums
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (J.G.G., Y.G., R.M.C.D.H., J.A.J.)
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, Gainesville, FL (J.G.G.)
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (J.G.G., Y.G., R.M.C.D.H., J.A.J.)
| | - Rhonda M. Cooper‐DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (J.G.G., Y.G., R.M.C.D.H., J.A.J.)
- Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL (R.M.C.D.H.)
| | - Francesca Frau
- Department of Health Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, University of Milan and Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy (F.F., E.S.)
| | - Valeria Glorioso
- Hypertension and Related Disease Centre, AOU‐University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (V.G., R.Z., N.G.)
| | - Roberta Zaninello
- Hypertension and Related Disease Centre, AOU‐University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (V.G., R.Z., N.G.)
| | - Erika Salvi
- Department of Health Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, University of Milan and Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy (F.F., E.S.)
| | - Nicola Glorioso
- Hypertension and Related Disease Centre, AOU‐University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (V.G., R.Z., N.G.)
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (E.B.)
- Human Genetics and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (E.B.)
| | - Stephen T. Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.T.T.)
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (J.G.G., Y.G., R.M.C.D.H., J.A.J.)
| | - Kimmo K. Kontula
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (T.P.H., K.K.K.)
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Keaney JF, Loscalzo J. Pharmacogenomics of hypertension: a genome‐wide, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study, using four classes of antihypertensive drugs. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001778. [PMID: 25628411 PMCID: PMC4330084 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of genetic markers of antihypertensive drug responses could assist in individualization of hypertension treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify gene loci influencing the responsiveness of 228 male patients to 4 classes of antihypertensive drugs. The Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential Hypertension (GENRES) study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study where each subject received amlodipine, bisoprolol,hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan, each as a monotherapy, in a randomized order. Replication analyses were performed in 4 studies with patients of European ancestry (PEAR Study, N=386; GERA I and II Studies, N=196 and N=198; SOPHIA Study, N=372). We identified 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the ACY3 gene that showed associations with bisoprolol response reaching genome-wide significance (P<5x10(-8))however, this could not be replicated in the PEAR Study using atenolol. In addition, 39 single-nucleotide polymorphisms showed P values of 10(-5) to 10(-7). The 20 top-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms were different for each antihypertensive drug. None of these top single-nucleotide polymorphisms co-localized with the panel of >40 genes identified in genome-wide association studies of hypertension. Replication analyses of GENRES results provided suggestive evidence for a missense variant (rs3814995) in the NPHS1 (nephrin) gene influencing losartan response, and for 2 variants influencing hydrochlorothiazide response, located within or close to the ALDH1A3 (rs3825926) and CLIC5 (rs321329) genes. CONCLUSIONS These data provide some evidence for a link between biology of the glomerular protein nephrin and antihypertensive action of angiotensin receptor antagonists and encourage additional studies on aldehyde dehydrogenase–mediated reactions in antihypertensive drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Keaney
- UMass Medical School and UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA (J.F.K.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.L.)
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance coupled with an inability to produce enough insulin to control blood glucose, and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are the only current antidiabetic agents that function primarily by increasing insulin sensitivity. However, despite clear benefits in glycemic control, this class of drugs has recently fallen into disuse due to concerns over side effects and adverse events. Here we review the clinical data and attempt to balance the benefits and risks of TZD therapy. We also examine potential mechanisms of action for the beneficial and harmful effects of TZDs, mainly via agonism of the nuclear receptor PPARγ. Based on critical appraisal of both preclinical and clinical studies, we discuss the prospect of harnessing the insulin sensitizing effects of PPARγ for more effective, safe, and potentially personalized treatments of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E Soccio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric R Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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33
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CDK5-induced p-PPARγ(Ser 112) downregulates GFAP via PPREs in developing rat brain: effect of metal mixture and troglitazone in astrocytes. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1033. [PMID: 24481447 PMCID: PMC4040704 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a group of ligand-activated transcriptional factors, is expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes. Here, we investigated the role of PPARγ in regulating GFAP using a mixture of As, Cd and Pb (metal mixture, MM) that induces apoptosis and aberrant morphology in rat brain astrocytes. We observed a phospho PPARγ (serine 112 (S112)) (p-PPARγ (S112))-mediated downregulation of GFAP in the MM-exposed astrocytes. We validated this using pure PPARγ agonist, troglitazone (TZ). As reported with MM, TZ induced astrocyte damage owing to reduced GFAP. In silico analysis in the non-coding region of GFAP gene revealed two PPARγ response elements (PPREs); inverted repeat 10 and direct repeat 1 sequences. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated enhancement in binding of p-PPARγ (S112) to the sequences, and luciferase reporter assay revealed strong repression of GFAP via PPREs, in response to both MM and TZ. This indicated that suppression in GFAP indeed occurs through direct regulation of these elements by p-PPARγ (S112). Signaling studies proved that MM, as well as TZ, activated the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and enhanced its interaction with PPARγ resulting into increased p-PPARγ (S112). The p-CDK5 levels were dependent on proximal activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and downstream Jun N-terminal kinase. Taken together, these results are the first to delineate downregulation of GFAP through genomic and non-genomic signaling of PPARγ. It also brings forth a resemblance of TZ with MM in terms of astrocyte disarray in developing brain.
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