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Mitchell MI, Ben‐Dov IZ, Ye K, Liu C, Shi M, Sadoughi A, Shah C, Siddiqui T, Okorozo A, Gutierrez M, Unawane R, Biamonte L, Parikh K, Spivack S, Loudig O. Exhaled breath condensate contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry miRNA cargos of lung tissue origin that can be selectively purified and analyzed. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12440. [PMID: 38659349 PMCID: PMC11043690 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases, including lung cancer, are rising causes of global mortality. Despite novel imaging technologies and the development of biomarker assays, the detection of lung cancer remains a significant challenge. However, the lung communicates directly with the external environment and releases aerosolized droplets during normal tidal respiration, which can be collected, stored and analzsed as exhaled breath condensate (EBC). A few studies have suggested that EBC contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) whose microRNA (miRNA) cargos may be useful for evaluating different lung conditions, but the cellular origin of these EVs remains unknown. In this study, we used nanoparticle tracking, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot analyses and super resolution nanoimaging (ONi) to detect and validate the identity of exhaled EVs (exh-EVs). Using our customizable antibody-purification assay, EV-CATCHER, we initially determined that exh-EVs can be selectively enriched from EBC using antibodies against three tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81). Using ONi we also revealed that some exh-EVs harbour lung-specific proteins expressed in bronchiolar Clara cells (Clara Cell Secretory Protein [CCSP]) and Alveolar Type II cells (Surfactant protein C [SFTPC]). When conducting miRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) of airway samples collected at five different anatomic levels (i.e., mouth rinse, mouth wash, bronchial brush, bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] and EBC) from 18 subjects, we determined that miRNA profiles of exh-EVs clustered closely to those of BAL EVs but not to those of other airway samples. When comparing the miRNA profiles of EVs purified from matched BAL and EBC samples with our three tetraspanins EV-CATCHER assay, we captured significant miRNA expression differences associated with smoking, asthma and lung tumor status of our subjects, which were also reproducibly detected in EVs selectively purified with our anti-CCSP/SFTPC EV-CATCHER assay from the same samples, but that confirmed their lung tissue origin. Our findings underscore that enriching exh-EV subpopulations from EBC allows non-invasive sampling of EVs produced by lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan I. Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Iddo Z. Ben‐Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Internal Medicine BHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Kenny Ye
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Christina Liu
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Miao Shi
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ali Sadoughi
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Chirag Shah
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Taha Siddiqui
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Aham Okorozo
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Martin Gutierrez
- Department of Thoracic OncologyHackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian HealthHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Rashmi Unawane
- Department of Thoracic OncologyHackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian HealthHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Lisa Biamonte
- Department of Thoracic OncologyHackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian HealthHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kaushal Parikh
- Department of Thoracic OncologyThe Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Simon Spivack
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
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Rossi SA, García-Barbazán I, Chamorro-Herrero I, Taborda CP, Zaragoza Ó, Zambrano A. Use of 2D minilungs from human embryonic stem cells to study the interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with the respiratory tract. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105260. [PMID: 37981028 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Organoids can meet the needs between the use of cell culture and in vivo work, bringing together aspects of multicellular tissues, providing a more similar in vitro system for the study of various components, including host-interactions with pathogens and drug response. Organoids are structures that resemble organs in vivo, originating from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or adult stem cells (ASCs). There is great interest in deepening the understanding of the use of this technology to produce information about fungal infections and their treatments. This work aims the use 2D human lung organoid derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), to investigate Cryptococcus neoformans-host interactions. C. neoformans is an opportunistic fungus acquired by inhalation that causes systemic mycosis mainly in immunocompromised individuals. Our work highlights the suitability of human minilungs for the study of C. neoformans infection (adhesion, invasion and replication), the interaction with the surfactant and induction of the host's alveolar pro-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Andreia Rossi
- Biotechnology of Stem Cells and Organoids, Chronic Disease Program, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene García-Barbazán
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Chamorro-Herrero
- Biotechnology of Stem Cells and Organoids, Chronic Disease Program, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Pelleschi Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Óscar Zaragoza
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC, Carlos III Health Institute, CB21/13/00105), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Zambrano
- Biotechnology of Stem Cells and Organoids, Chronic Disease Program, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Luyapan J, Bossé Y, Li Z, Xiao X, Rosenberger A, Hung RJ, Lam S, Zienolddiny S, Liu G, Kiemeney LA, Chen C, McKay J, Johansson M, Johansson M, Tardon A, Fernandez-Tardon G, Brennan P, Field JK, Davies MP, Woll PJ, Cox A, Taylor F, Arnold SM, Lazarus P, Grankvist K, Landi MT, Christiani DC, MacKenzie TA, Amos CI. Candidate pathway analysis of surfactant proteins identifies CTSH and SFTA2 that influences lung cancer risk. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2842-2855. [PMID: 37471639 PMCID: PMC10481107 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein synthesized and secreted by alveolar type II cells in lung. We evaluated the associations between 200,139 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 40 surfactant-related genes and lung cancer risk using genotyped data from two independent lung cancer genome-wide association studies. Discovery data included 18,082 cases and 13,780 controls of European ancestry. Replication data included 1,914 cases and 3,065 controls of European descent. Using multivariate logistic regression, we found novel SNPs in surfactant-related genes CTSH [rs34577742 C > T, odds ratio (OR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89-0.93, P = 7.64 × 10-9] and SFTA2 (rs3095153 G > A, OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.10-1.21, P = 1.27 × 10-9) associated with overall lung cancer in the discovery data and validated in an independent replication data-CTSH (rs34577742 C > T, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80-0.96, P = 5.76 × 10-3) and SFTA2 (rs3095153 G > A, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01-1.28, P = 3.25 × 10-2). Among ever smokers, we found SNPs in CTSH (rs34577742 C > T, OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.85-0.92, P = 1.94 × 10-7) and SFTA2 (rs3095152 G > A, OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.14-1.27, P = 4.25 × 10-11) associated with overall lung cancer in the discovery data and validated in the replication data-CTSH (rs34577742 C > T, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.97, P = 1.64 × 10-2) and SFTA2 (rs3095152 G > A, OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01-1.30, P = 3.81 × 10-2). Subsequent transcriptome-wide association study using expression weights from a lung expression quantitative trait loci study revealed genes most strongly associated with lung cancer are CTSH (PTWAS = 2.44 × 10-4) and SFTA2 (PTWAS = 2.32 × 10-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Luyapan
- Quantitative Biomedical Science Program, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zhonglin Li
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- Institut für Genetische Epidemiologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Shanbeh Zienolddiny
- Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo 0033, Norway
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Princess Margaret Research Institute, Epidemiology Division,Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch Lyon 69008, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch Lyon 69008, France
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, University of Oviedo and CIBERSP, Oviedo, Asturias, 33071, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, University of Oviedo and CIBERSP, Oviedo, Asturias, 33071, Spain
| | - Paul Brennan
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximillians University, Munich, Bavaria, 80539, Germany
| | - John K Field
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Michael P Davies
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Penella J Woll
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2AH, UK
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2AH, UK
| | - Fiona Taylor
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2AH, UK
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Maria T Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd A MacKenzie
- Quantitative Biomedical Science Program, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Quantitative Biomedical Science Program, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Li G, Chen T, Mao Y, Ai Y, Yan W, Lu Y, Liu W, Wang H, Li L. Surfactant Protein A can Affect the Surface Tension of the Eustachian Tube and Macrophage Migration. Laryngoscope 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.30396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgery Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Otolaryngology Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital/The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University Jinzhong Shanxi China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgery Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Jinzhong Shanxi China
| | - Yanyan Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgery Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yu Ai
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgery Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgery Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgery Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgery Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgery Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgery Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
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5
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The lung surfactant activity probed with molecular dynamics simulations. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102659. [PMID: 35421637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The surface of pulmonary alveolar subphase is covered with a mixture of lipids and proteins. This lung surfactant plays a crucial role in lung functioning. It shows a complex phase behavior which can be altered by the interaction with third molecules such as drugs or pollutants. For studying multicomponent biological systems, it is of interest to couple experimental approach with computational modelling yielding atomic-scale information. Simple two, three, or four-component model systems showed to be useful for getting more insight in the interaction between lipids, lipids and proteins or lipids and proteins with drugs and impurities. These systems were studied theoretically using molecular dynamic simulations and experimentally by means of the Langmuir technique. A better understanding of the structure and behavior of lung surfactants obtained from this research is relevant for developing new synthetic surfactants for efficient therapies, and may contribute to public health protection.
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From Water to Land: The Structural Construction and Molecular Switches in Lungs during Metamorphosis of Microhyla fissipes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040528. [PMID: 35453728 PMCID: PMC9030589 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The functionalization of lungs is a necessity for most anurans to breathe on land. Previous studies have focused on the morphological and physiological functions of amphibian lungs, while the microstructural changes and molecular mechanisms that underpin the functional maturation of lungs remain under-researched. We used integrated histology and transcriptomics to study the critical cytological and molecular events associated with lung maturation in Microhyla fissipes. The results illuminated the molecular processes and their coordination in lung development, providing an insight into the transition of amphibians from aquatic to terrestrial life stages. Abstract Most anurans must undergo metamorphosis to adapt to terrestrial life. This process enhances the air-breathing ability of the lungs to cope with the change in oxygen medium from water to air. Revealing the structural construction and molecular switches of lung organogenesis is essential to understanding the realization of the air-breathing function. In this study, histology and transcriptomics were conducted in combination to explore these issues in Microhyla fissipes’ lungs during metamorphosis. During the pro-metamorphic phase, histological structural improvement of the alveolar wall is accompanied by robust substrate metabolism and protein turnover. The lungs, at the metamorphic climax phase, are characterized by an increased number of cilia in the alveolar epithelial cells and collagenous fibers in the connective tissues, corresponding to the transcriptional upregulation of cilia and extracellular matrix-related genes. Post-metamorphic lungs strengthen their contracting function, as suggested by the thickened muscle layer and the upregulated expression of genes involved in muscle contraction. The blood–gas barrier is fully developed in adult lungs, the transcriptional features of which are tissue growth and regulation of differentiation and immunity. Importantly, significant transcriptional switches of pulmonary surfactant protein and hemoglobin facilitate air breathing. Our results illuminated four key steps of lung development for amphibians to transition from water to land.
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Ghanty S, Mandi M, Ganguly A, Das K, Dutta A, Nanda S, Biswas G, Rajak P. Lung surfactant proteins as potential targets of prallethrin: An in silico approach. TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 14:89-100. [PMCID: PMC8788395 DOI: 10.1007/s13530-021-00119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Object Prallethrin is a pyrethroid-based insecticide, commonly used as a liquid vaporizer in household, schools, and offices to repel mosquitoes. Due to worldwide application, human beings are exposed to this compound via inhalation. Inhalation of prallethrin can expose lung surfactant proteins (SPs) to this compound. SPs such as SP-A and SP-D have anti-microbial activities, whereas SP-B and SP-C prevent alveolar collapse during exhalation by reducing surface pressure in alveolar walls. The present study aimed to investigate the binding affinities of prallethrin for the pulmonary SPs and the possible interactions involved in it. Methods In this study, molecular docking was performed using prallethrin as ligand and lung SPs as target molecules. The three-dimensional structure of prallethrin (PubChem CID: 9839306) was retrieved from PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ), whereas the same for SPs were retrieved from RCSB Protein Data Bank (https://www.rcsb.org/ ). AutoDock 4.2 employing Lamarckian genetic algorithm was used to calculate binding affinities between the target protein and the ligand. Polar and nonpolar interactions between the amino acids of SPs and Prallethrin were studied utilizing Chimera X and Discovery Studio Visualizer. Results Results demonstrated that, prallethrin can bind with the four SPs using several interactions such as hydrogen bonds, alkyl bonds, Pi–Pi interaction, Van der Waals interaction and other. Prallethrin interacted with two binding pockets of SP-A and SP-C, whereas the prallethrin interacted with three binding pockets of SP-B and SP-D, respectively. Conclusion Findings of the study indicated that prallethrin can bind with the pulmonary SPs employing hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. Such interactions could impair critical functions of SPs in lungs. This might increase susceptibility of lungs towards a range of respiratory illness, pathogenic infections, as well as malignancy. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Ghanty
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal India
| | - Moutushi Mandi
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal India
| | - Abhratanu Ganguly
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal India
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, A.B.N. Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal India
| | - Kanchana Das
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal India
| | - Anik Dutta
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling, West Bengal India
| | - Sayantani Nanda
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal India
| | - Gopal Biswas
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal India
| | - Prem Rajak
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal India
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In silico study reveals binding potential of rotenone at multiple sites of pulmonary surfactant proteins: A matter of concern. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:411-423. [PMID: 34917955 PMCID: PMC8666459 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of rotenone exposes lung surfactant proteins (SP) to this pesticide. SP-A and SP-D provides protection from microbial infection. SP-B and SP-C maintain structure and respiratory function of lungs. Rotenone has potential to bind SPs at multiple sites. Such binding can subvert functions of SPs & may invite respiratory ailments.
Rotenone is a broad-spectrum pesticide employed in various agricultural practices all over the world. Human beings are exposed to this chemical through oral, nasal, and dermal routes. Inhalation of rotenone exposes bio-molecular components of lungs to this chemical. Biophysical activity of lungs is precisely regulated by pulmonary surfactant to facilitate gaseous exchange. Surfactant proteins (SPs) are the fundamental components of pulmonary surfactant. SPs like SP-A and SP-D have antimicrobial activities providing a crucial first line of defense against infections in lungs whereas SP-B and SP-C are mainly involved in respiratory cycle and reduction of surface tension at air–water interface. In this study, molecular docking analysis using AutoDock Vina has been conducted to investigate binding potential of rotenone with the four SPs. Results indicate that, rotenone can bind with carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-A, N-, and C- terminal peptide of SP-B, SP-C, and CRD of SP-D at multiples sites via several interaction mediators such as H bonds, C–H bonds, alkyl bonds, pi-pi stacked, Van der Waals interaction, and other. Such interactions of rotenone with SPs can disrupt biophysical and anti-microbial functions of SPs in lungs that may invite respiratory ailments and pathogenic infections.
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Key Words
- ALA, Alanine
- ARG, Arginine
- ASN, Asparagine
- ASP, Aspartic acid
- CYS, Cysteine
- Carbohydrate recognition domain
- GLN, Glutamine
- GLU, Glutamic acid
- GLY, Glycine
- HIS, Histidine
- ILE, Isoleucine
- LEU, Leucine
- LYS, Lysine
- Lungs
- MET, Methionine
- Molecular docking
- PHE, Phenylalanine
- PRO, Proline
- Rotenone
- SER, Serine
- Surfactant protein
- THR, Threonine
- TRP, Tryptophan
- TYR, Tyrosine
- VAL, Valine
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ARAKI M, OHTAKI T, KIMURA J, HOBO S, TAYA K, TSUNODA N, TANIYAMA H, TSUMAGARI S, NAMBO Y. Presence of surfactant proteins in the uteri and placentae of pregnant mares. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1167-1172. [PMID: 34135243 PMCID: PMC8349814 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical investigations of the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) in the uterine and placental tissues of 13 pregnant mares were performed using anti-horse monoclonal primary antibodies. Strong positive reactions for both SP-A and SP-D were observed in the trophoblasts in the microcotyledons of the placentae at 182 to 314 days of gestation; in uterine glandular epithelial cells, faint-to-weak reactions were observed during gestation. This study describes, for the first time, the changes in the SP-A and SP-D expression levels in the endometrium of mares during gestation; the SP-A and SP-D expression levels increased after the second trimester of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadatoshi OHTAKI
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Junpei KIMURA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seiji HOBO
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi TAYA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of
Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Shadai Corporation, 275 Hayakitagenbu, Abira-cho, Yufutsu-gun, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan
| | - Nobuo TSUNODA
- Shadai Corporation, 275 Hayakitagenbu, Abira-cho, Yufutsu-gun, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan
| | | | - Shigehisa TSUMAGARI
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yasuo NAMBO
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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10
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Bohaud C, Johansen MD, Jorgensen C, Kremer L, Ipseiz N, Djouad F. The Role of Macrophages During Mammalian Tissue Remodeling and Regeneration Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707856. [PMID: 34335621 PMCID: PMC8317995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several infectious pathologies in humans, such as tuberculosis or SARS-CoV-2, are responsible for tissue or lung damage, requiring regeneration. The regenerative capacity of adult mammals is limited to few organs. Critical injuries of non-regenerative organs trigger a repair process that leads to a definitive architectural and functional disruption, while superficial wounds result in scar formation. Tissue lesions in mammals, commonly studied under non-infectious conditions, trigger cell death at the site of the injury, as well as the production of danger signals favouring the massive recruitment of immune cells, particularly macrophages. Macrophages are also of paramount importance in infected injuries, characterized by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, where they must respond to both infection and tissue damage. In this review, we compare the processes implicated in the tissue repair of non-infected versus infected injuries of two organs, the skeletal muscles and the lungs, focusing on the primary role of macrophages. We discuss also the negative impact of infection on the macrophage responses and the possible routes of investigation for new regenerative therapies to improve the recovery state as seen with COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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11
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Lam SM, Zhang C, Wang Z, Ni Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Huang X, Mo L, Li J, Lee B, Mei M, Huang L, Shi M, Xu Z, Meng FP, Cao WJ, Zhou MJ, Shi L, Chua GH, Li B, Cao J, Wang J, Bao S, Wang Y, Song JW, Zhang F, Wang FS, Shui G. A multi-omics investigation of the composition and function of extracellular vesicles along the temporal trajectory of COVID-19. Nat Metab 2021; 3:909-922. [PMID: 34158670 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes represent a subtype of extracellular vesicle that is released through retrograde transport and fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane1. Although no perfect methodologies currently exist for the high-throughput, unbiased isolation of pure plasma exosomes2,3, investigation of exosome-enriched plasma fractions of extracellular vesicles can confer a glimpse into the endocytic pathway on a systems level. Here we conduct high-coverage lipidomics with an emphasis on sterols and oxysterols, and proteomic analyses of exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs hereafter) from patients at different temporal stages of COVID-19, including the presymptomatic, hyperinflammatory, resolution and convalescent phases. Our study highlights dysregulated raft lipid metabolism that underlies changes in EV lipid membrane anisotropy that alter the exosomal localization of presenilin-1 (PS-1) in the hyperinflammatory phase. We also show in vitro that EVs from different temporal phases trigger distinct metabolic and transcriptional responses in recipient cells, including in alveolar epithelial cells, which denote the primary site of infection, and liver hepatocytes, which represent a distal secondary site. In comparison to the hyperinflammatory phase, EVs from the resolution phase induce opposing effects on eukaryotic translation and Notch signalling. Our results provide insights into cellular lipid metabolism and inter-tissue crosstalk at different stages of COVID-19 and are a resource to increase our understanding of metabolic dysregulation in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lesong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fan-Ping Meng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Gek Huey Chua
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Cao
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Fujie Zhang
- The Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Liu J, Peng D, You J, Zhou O, Qiu H, Hao C, Chen H, Fu Z, Zou L. Type 2 Alveolar Epithelial Cells Differentiated from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Mouse Pulmonary Fibrosis Through β-Catenin-Regulated Cell Apoptosis. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:660-670. [PMID: 33899513 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, and lethal disease with little response to available therapies. One of the major mechanisms of PF is the repeated injury and inadequate regeneration of the alveolar epithelium. In this study, we induced human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) to differentiate into type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s), and we provided evidence that intratracheal transplantation of hUC-MSC-derived AEC2s (MSC-AEC2s) could improve mortality and alleviate fibrosis in bleomycin-induced PF mice. Transplantation of MSC-AEC2s could increase the AEC2 cell count in these mice, and the results of the cell tracing experiment exhibited that the increased AEC2s originated from the self-renewal of mouse alveolar epithelium. The AEC2 survival was controlled by the apoptosis of AEC2s via the expression of β-catenin in PF mice. In in vitro experiments, MSC-AEC2s could alleviate the apoptosis of MLE-12 cells induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), which could be eliminated by using PRI-724, a β-catenin inhibitor, suggesting β-catenin signaling involved in the protection against apoptosis provided by MSC-AEC2s. Our study demonstrated that MSC-AEC2s could protect PF mice through regulating apoptosis mediated by β-catenin, which provided a viable strategy for the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyi Peng
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi You
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ou Zhou
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijun Qiu
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Hao
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pediatric, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Tripathi A, Kumar B, Sagi SSK. Hypoxia-mediated alterations in pulmonary surfactant protein expressions: Beneficial effects of quercetin prophylaxis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 291:103695. [PMID: 34052411 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have compared the prophylactic efficacies of quercetin and salbutamol in preventing pulmonary surfactants oxidation under hypoxia. Male SD rats supplemented orally with quercetin (50 mg/Kg BW) and salbutamol (2 mg/Kg BW) were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (7,620 m for 6 h). Hypoxia-mediated elevation in oxidative stress, inflammation, and extravasations of LDH & albumin content in BALF of rats were assessed. Western blotting and mRNA studies determined the differential expressions of Nrf-2, HO-1, and associated surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, & SP-D) in rat lungs. Later, the lung configuration under hypoxia was assessed histopathologically. Quercetin and salbutamol pretreatment considerably restored the expressions of Nrf-2, HO-1, and surfactant proteins to normal by attenuating the increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, and extravasations of plasma proteins in the animals under hypoxia. The histopathology has also evidenced the protective effect of quercetin in retaining normal lung architecture under hypoxia over salbutamol. The present study indicates the effectiveness of quercetin prophylaxis in preventing pulmonary surfactants oxidation under hypoxia over salbutamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Tripathi
- Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Sarada S K Sagi
- Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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14
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Sainz de Aja J, Dost AFM, Kim CF. Alveolar progenitor cells and the origin of lung cancer. J Intern Med 2021; 289:629-635. [PMID: 33340175 PMCID: PMC8604037 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung Cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This is mainly due to late diagnosis and therefore advanced stage of the disease. Understanding the cell of origin of cancer and the processes that lead to its transformation will allow for earlier diagnosis and more accurate prediction of tumour type, ultimately leading to better treatments and lower patient morbidity. In this review, we focus on alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells as the cell of origin of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common type of lung cancer. We first elaborate on the different oncogenes that are associated with LUAD and other lung cancers. After, we lay out in detail what is known about AT2 biology, to further delve into AT2 cells as cell of origin for adenocarcinoma. Understanding the precursors of LUAD and identifying the molecular changes during its progression will allow for earlier detection and better molecular targeting of the disease in early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sainz de Aja
- From the, Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A F M Dost
- From the, Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C F Kim
- From the, Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Myint MZZ, Jia J, Adlat S, Oo ZM, Htoo H, Hayel F, Chen Y, Bah FB, Sah RK, Bahadar N, Chan MK, Zhang L, Feng X, Zheng Y. Effect of low VEGF on lung development and function. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:35-50. [PMID: 33394314 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for lung development and function but ideal mouse models are limited to decipher the quantitative relationship between VEGF expression levels and its proper development and pathogenesis. Human SPC promoter has been used to faithfully express genes or cDNAs in the pulmonary epithelium in many transgenic mouse models. In the study, a mouse model of lung-specific and reversible VEGF repression (hspc-rtTRtg/+/VegftetO/tetO) was generated. Human SPC promoter was used to drive lung-specific rtTR expression, a cDNA coding for doxycycline-regulated transcription repression protein. By crossing with VegftetO/tetO mice, that has tetracycline operator sequences insertion in 5'-UTR region, it allows us to reversibly inhibit lung VEGF transcription from its endogenous level through doxycycline food, water or injection. The tissue-specific inhibition of VEGF is used to mimic abnormal expression levels of VEGF in lung. Reduced VEGF expression in lung is confirmed by quantitative real time PCR and immunoblotting. Lung development and structure was analyzed by histology analysis and found significantly affected under low VEGF. The pulmonary epithelium and alveolarization are found abnormal with swelling alveolar septum and enlargement of air space. Genome-wide gene expression analysis identified that immune activities are involved in the VEGF-regulated lung functions. The transgenic mouse model can be used to mimic human pulmonary diseases. The mouse model confirms the important regulatory roles of epithelial expressed VEGF in lung development and function. This mouse model is valuable for studying VEGF-regulated lung development, pathogenesis and drug screening under low VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Zun Zaw Myint
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Salah Adlat
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zin Mar Oo
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hsu Htoo
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Farooq Hayel
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fatoumata Binta Bah
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rajiv Kumar Sah
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Noor Bahadar
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mi Kaythi Chan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin Province, China
| | - Luqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Xuechao Feng
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
| | - Yaowu Zheng
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
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16
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Abdelwahab SH, Reidel B, Martin JR, Ghosh A, Keating JE, Haridass P, Carpenter J, Glish GL, Tarran R, Doerschuk CM, Kesimer M. Cigarillos Compromise the Mucosal Barrier and Protein Expression in Airway Epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:767-779. [PMID: 32877614 PMCID: PMC7790145 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0085oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a downward trend in cigarette use, less-regulated tobacco products, such as cigarillos, which are often flavored to appeal to specific demographics, such as younger people, are becoming increasingly popular. Cigar/cigarillo smoking has been considered a safer alternative to cigarettes; however, the health risks associated with cigar in comparison with cigarette smoking are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the effects of multiple brands of cigarillos on the airway epithelium using ex vivo and in vivo models. To analyze these effects, we assessed the cellular viability and integrity of smoke-exposed primary airway cell cultures. We also investigated the protein compositions of apical secretions from cigarillo-exposed airway epithelial cultures and BAL fluid of cigarillo-exposed mice through label-free quantitative proteomics and determined the chemical composition of smoke collected from the investigated cigarillo products. We found that cigarillo smoke exerts similar or greater effects than cigarette smoke in terms of reduced cell viability; altered protein levels, including those of innate immune proteins; induced oxidative-stress markers; and greater nicotine delivery to cells. The analysis of the chemical composition of the investigated cigarillo products revealed differences that might be linked to the differential effects of these products on cell viability and protein abundance profiles, which have been associated with a range of health risks in the context of airway biology. These findings contradict the assumption that cigarillos might be safer and less harmful than cigarettes. Instead, our results indicate that cigarillo smoke is associated with equal or greater health risks and the same or increased airway toxicity compared with cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Reidel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute
| | | | | | | | | | - Jerome Carpenter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute
| | | | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and
| | - Claire M. Doerschuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute
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17
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Szafran BN, Pinkston R, Perveen Z, Ross MK, Morgan T, Paulsen DB, Penn AL, Kaplan BLF, Noël A. Electronic-Cigarette Vehicles and Flavoring Affect Lung Function and Immune Responses in a Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6022. [PMID: 32825651 PMCID: PMC7504509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as electronic-cigarettes (e-cigs), has raised serious public health concerns, especially in light of the 2019 outbreak of e-cig or vaping product use-associated acute lung injury (EVALI). While these cases have mostly been linked to ENDS that contain vitamin E acetate, there is limited research that has focused on the chronic pulmonary effects of the delivery vehicles (i.e., without nicotine and flavoring). Thus, we investigated lung function and immune responses in a mouse model following exposure to the nearly ubiquitous e-cig delivery vehicles, vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), used with a specific 70%/30% ratio, with or without vanilla flavoring. We hypothesized that mice exposed sub-acutely to these e-cig aerosols would exhibit lung inflammation and altered lung function. Adult female C57BL/6 mice (n = 11-12 per group) were exposed to filtered air, 70%/30% VG/PG, or 70%/30% VG/PG with a French vanilla flavoring for 2 h a day for 6 weeks. Prior to sacrifice, lung function was assessed. At sacrifice, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were collected for lipid mediator analysis, flow cytometry, histopathology, and gene expression analyses. Exposures to VG/PG + vanilla e-cig aerosol increased lung tidal and minute volumes and tissue damping. Immunophenotyping of lung immune cells revealed an increased number of dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells in the VG/PG-exposed group compared to air, irrespective of the presence of vanilla flavoring. Quantification of bioactive lung lipids demonstrated a >3-fold increase of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an anti-inflammatory mediator, and a 2-fold increase of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), another inflammatory mediator, following VG/PG exposure, with or without vanilla flavoring. This suggests that e-cig aerosol vehicles may affect immunoregulatory molecules. We also found that the two e-cig aerosols dysregulated the expression of lung genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the gene networks that are dysregulated by the VG/PG e-cig aerosol are associated with metabolism of cellular proteins and lipids. Overall, our findings demonstrate that VG and PG, the main constituents of e-liquid formulations, when aerosolized through an e-cig device, are not harmless to the lungs, since they disrupt immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Szafran
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.N.S.); (M.K.R.); (B.L.F.K.)
| | - Rakeysha Pinkston
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zakia Perveen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Matthew K. Ross
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.N.S.); (M.K.R.); (B.L.F.K.)
| | - Timothy Morgan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Daniel B. Paulsen
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Arthur L. Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Barbara L. F. Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.N.S.); (M.K.R.); (B.L.F.K.)
| | - Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
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18
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Greaney AM, Adams TS, Brickman Raredon MS, Gubbins E, Schupp JC, Engler AJ, Ghaedi M, Yuan Y, Kaminski N, Niklason LE. Platform Effects on Regeneration by Pulmonary Basal Cells as Evaluated by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cell Rep 2020; 30:4250-4265.e6. [PMID: 32209482 PMCID: PMC7175071 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have shown promise for treating myriad chronic pulmonary diseases through direct application of epithelial progenitors or by way of engineered tissue grafts or whole organs. To elucidate environmental effects on epithelial regenerative outcomes in vitro, here, we isolate and culture a population of pharmacologically expanded basal cells (peBCs) from rat tracheas. At peak basal marker expression, we simultaneously split peBCs into four in vitro platforms: organoid, air-liquid interface (ALI), engineered trachea, and engineered lung. Following differentiation, these samples are evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and computational pipelines are developed to compare samples both globally and at the population level. A sample of native rat tracheal epithelium is also evaluated by scRNA-seq as a control for engineered epithelium. Overall, this work identifies platform-specific effects that support the use of engineered models to achieve the most physiologic differential outcomes in pulmonary epithelial regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Greaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Taylor S Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Elise Gubbins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Alexander J Engler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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19
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Hadrioui N, Lemaalem M, Derouiche A, Ridouane H. Physical properties of phospholipids and integral proteins and their biofunctional roles in pulmonary surfactant from molecular dynamics simulation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8568-8579. [PMID: 35497816 PMCID: PMC9049990 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with a quantitative investigation of the physical properties of pulmonary surfactant near melting temperature. To this end, we make use of molecular dynamics simulations, using the MARTINI coarse-grained model, for determining the physical properties of the system, such as the potential energy, the specific heat, the microstructure, the diffusion laws, and the elastic properties of the surfactant. The microstructure is studied by computation of the radial-distribution-function upon varying the distance between constituents (lipid molecules or proteins). The diffusion phenomenon is investigated by determination of the mean-squared-displacement and the time dependent velocity-autocorrelation-function for various values of temperature. We show that the dynamics of lipids and proteins exhibit a subdiffusion regime (slow movement) due to the cage effect within pulmonary surfactant. From the obtained mean-squared-displacement, we get the values of the self-diffusion-coefficients and the anomalous exponents at different temperatures close to the melting temperature. For the mathematical description of the cage effect, we make use of the scale relations in terms of the waiting time probability distribution. The last study is concerned with determination of the dependence of the lateral stress upon the strain of pulmonary surfactant, which is found to be linear, and from which we deduce the lateral-elastic-modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourddine Hadrioui
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes Critiques Sciences Faculty Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University P.O. Box 7955 Casablanca Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lemaalem
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes Critiques Sciences Faculty Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University P.O. Box 7955 Casablanca Morocco
| | - Abdelali Derouiche
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes Critiques Sciences Faculty Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University P.O. Box 7955 Casablanca Morocco
| | - Hamid Ridouane
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes Critiques Sciences Faculty Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University P.O. Box 7955 Casablanca Morocco
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20
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Abstract
People worldwide are living longer, and it is estimated that by 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years of age will nearly double. Natural lung aging is associated with molecular and physiological changes that cause alterations in lung function, diminished pulmonary remodeling and regenerative capacity, and increased susceptibility to acute and chronic lung diseases. As the aging population rapidly grows, it is essential to examine how alterations in cellular function and cell-to-cell interactions of pulmonary resident cells and systemic immune cells contribute to a higher risk of increased susceptibility to infection and development of chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. This review provides an overview of physiological, structural, and cellular changes in the aging lung and immune system that facilitate the development and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Heather W Stout-Delgado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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21
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Shu L, Guo X, Niu L, Chen X, Cai T, Ding X, Xie Z, Wang J, Zhu N, Kou T, Yang F. Comprehensive characterization and proteoform analysis of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins B and C in calf pulmonary surfactant. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:625-632. [PMID: 31276983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Calf pulmonary surfactant (CPS), which contains about 98% lipids and 2% hydrophobic surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and C (SP-C), has been used as a surfactant preparation for the clinical replacement therapy of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Characterization of SP-B and SP-C in CPS is informative for quality control and the evaluation of their biological activities. However, analysis of SP-B and SP-C is impeded by the high content of lipids in CPS. Here, we describe an integrated method by combining size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based delipidation, SDS-PAGE separation, in-gel digestion and mass spectrometric analysis for comprehensive characterization and proteoform analysis of the extremely hydrophobic SP-B and SP-C in CPS. This study has shown that 30 proteoforms of SP-C with different truncations and modifications were identified and SP-B was found to be existed as a dimer form in the CPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Shu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiulan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tanxi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhensheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nali Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongxin Kou
- China Resources Double-crane Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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The human lung mucosa drives differential Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection outcome in the alveolar epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:795-804. [PMID: 30846830 PMCID: PMC6462240 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is deposited into the alveolus where it first encounters the alveolar lining fluid (ALF) prior contacts host cells. We demonstrated that M.tb-exposure to human ALF alters its cell surface, driving better M.tb infection control by professional phagocytes. Contrary to these findings, our results with non-professional phagocytes alveolar epithelial cells (ATs) define two distinct subsets of human ALFs; where M.tb exposure to Low (L)-ALF or High(H)-ALF results in low or high intracellular bacterial growth rates in ATs, respectively. H-ALF exposed-M.tb growth within ATs was independent of M.tb-uptake, M.tb-trafficking, and M.tb-infection induced cytotoxicity; however, it was associated with enhanced bacterial replication within LAMP-1+/ABCA1+ compartments. H-ALF exposed-M.tb infection of ATs decreased AT immune mediator production, decreased AT surface adhesion expression, and downregulated macrophage inflammatory responses. Composition analysis of H-ALF vs. L-ALF showed H-ALF with higher protein tyrosine nitration and less functional ALF-innate proteins important in M.tb pathogenesis. Replenishment of H-ALF with functional ALF-innate proteins reversed the H-ALF-M.tb growth rate to the levels observed for L-ALF-M.tb. These results indicate that dysfunctionality of innate proteins in the H-ALF phenotype promotes M.tb replication within ATs, while limiting inflammation and phagocyte activation, thus potentiating ATs as a reservoir for M.tb replication and survival.
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23
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Al-Qahtani AA, Murugaiah V, Bashir HA, Pathan AA, Abozaid SM, Makarov E, Nal-Rogier B, Kishore U, Al-Ahdal MN. Full-length human surfactant protein A inhibits influenza A virus infection of A549 lung epithelial cells: A recombinant form containing neck and lectin domains promotes infectivity. Immunobiology 2019; 224:408-418. [PMID: 30954271 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic lung surfactant proteins have emerged as key immunomodulators which are potent at the recognition and clearance of pulmonary pathogens. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a surfactant-associated innate immune molecule, which is known to interact with a variety of pathogens, and display anti-microbial effects. SP-A, being a carbohydrate pattern recognition molecule, has a wide range of innate immune functions against respiratory pathogens, including influenza A virus (IAV). Some pandemic pH1N1 strains resist neutralization by SP-A due to differences in the N-glycosylation of viral hemagglutinin (HA). Here, we provide evidence, for the first time, that a recombinant form of human SP-A (rfhSP-A), composed of α-helical neck and carbohydrate recognition domains, can actually promote the IAV replication, as observed by an upregulation of M1 expression in lung epithelial cell line, A549, when challenged with pH1N1 and H3N2 IAV subtypes. rfhSP-A (10 μg/ml) bound neuraminidase (NA) (∼60 kDa), matrix protein 1 (M1) (∼25 kDa) and M2 (∼17 kDa) in a calcium dependent manner, as revealed by far western blotting, and direct binding ELISA. However, human full length native SP-A downregulated mRNA expression levels of M1 in A549 cells challenged with IAV subtypes. Furthermore, qPCR analysis showed that transcriptional levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IFN-α and RANTES were enhanced following rfhSP-A treatment by both IAV subtypes at 6 h post-IAV infection of A549 lung epithelial cells. In the case of full length SP-A treatment, mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were downregulated during the mid-to-late stage of IAV infection of A549 cells. Multiplex cytokine/chemokine array revealed enhanced levels of both IL-6 and TNF-α due to rfhSP-A treatment in the case of both IAV subtypes tested, while no significant effect was seen in the case of IL-12. Enhancement of IAV infection of pH1N1 and H3N2 subtypes by truncated rfhSP-A, concomitant with infection inhibition by full-length SP-A, appears to suggest that a complete SP-A molecule is required for protection against IAV. This is in contrast to a recombinant form of trimeric lectin domains of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) that acts as an entry inhibitor of IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Hani A Bashir
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Ansar A Pathan
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Suhair M Abozaid
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evgeny Makarov
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Nal-Rogier
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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24
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Lewis ZR, Dorantes JA, Hanken J. Expression of a novel surfactant protein gene is associated with sites of extrapulmonary respiration in a lungless salamander. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1589. [PMID: 30282653 PMCID: PMC6191699 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous physiological and morphological adaptations were achieved during the transition to lungless respiration that accompanied evolutionary lung loss in plethodontid salamanders, including those that enable efficient gas exchange across extrapulmonary tissue. However, the molecular basis of these adaptations is unknown. Here, we show that lungless salamanders express in the larval integument and the adult buccopharynx—principal sites of respiratory gas exchange in these species—a novel paralogue of the gene surfactant-associated protein C (SFTPC), which is a critical component of pulmonary surfactant expressed exclusively in the lung in other vertebrates. The paralogous gene appears to be found only in salamanders, but, similar to SFTPC, in lunged salamanders it is expressed only in the lung. This heterotopic gene expression, combined with predictions from structural modelling and respiratory tissue ultrastructure, suggests that lungless salamanders may produce pulmonary surfactant-like secretions outside the lungs and that the novel paralogue of SFTPC might facilitate extrapulmonary respiration in the absence of lungs. Heterotopic expression of the SFTPC paralogue may have contributed to the remarkable evolutionary radiation of lungless salamanders, which account for more than two thirds of urodele species alive today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Lewis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jorge A Dorantes
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - James Hanken
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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25
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Schwingshackl A, Lopez B, Teng B, Luellen C, Lesage F, Belperio J, Olcese R, Waters CM. Hyperoxia treatment of TREK-1/TREK-2/TRAAK-deficient mice is associated with a reduction in surfactant proteins. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1030-L1046. [PMID: 28839101 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00121.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously proposed a role for the two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel TREK-1 in hyperoxia (HO)-induced lung injury. To determine whether redundancy among the three TREK isoforms (TREK-1, TREK-2, and TRAAK) could protect from HO-induced injury, we now examined the effect of deletion of all three TREK isoforms in a clinically relevant scenario of prolonged HO exposure and mechanical ventilation (MV). We exposed WT and TREK-1/TREK-2/TRAAK-deficient [triple knockout (KO)] mice to either room air, 72-h HO, MV [high and low tidal volume (TV)], or a combination of HO + MV and measured quasistatic lung compliance, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein concentration, histologic lung injury scores (LIS), cellular apoptosis, and cytokine levels. We determined surfactant gene and protein expression and attempted to prevent HO-induced lung injury by prophylactically administering an exogenous surfactant (Curosurf). HO treatment increased lung injury in triple KO but not WT mice, including an elevated LIS, BAL protein concentration, and markers of apoptosis, decreased lung compliance, and a more proinflammatory cytokine phenotype. MV alone had no effect on lung injury markers. Exposure to HO + MV (low TV) further decreased lung compliance in triple KO but not WT mice, and HO + MV (high TV) was lethal for triple KO mice. In triple KO mice, the HO-induced lung injury was associated with decreased surfactant protein (SP) A and SPC but not SPB and SPD expression. However, these changes could not be explained by alterations in the transcription factors nuclear factor-1 (NF-1), NKX2.1/thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) or c-jun, or lamellar body levels. Prophylactic Curosurf administration did not improve lung injury scores or compliance in triple KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bin Teng
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | - Charlean Luellen
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | - Florian Lesage
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratory of Excellence "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics," Valbonne, France
| | - John Belperio
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Riccardo Olcese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
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26
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Lemke A, Castillo-Sánchez JC, Prodinger F, Ceranic A, Hennerbichler-Lugscheider S, Pérez-Gil J, Redl H, Wolbank S. Human amniotic membrane as newly identified source of amniotic fluid pulmonary surfactant. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6406. [PMID: 28743969 PMCID: PMC5527005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant (PS) reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveolar epithelium of the lung, which is required for breathing and for the pulmonary maturity of the developing foetus. However, the origin of PS had never been thoroughly investigated, although it was assumed to be secreted from the foetal developing lung. Human amniotic membrane (hAM), particularly its epithelial cell layer, composes the amniotic sac enclosing the amniotic fluid. In this study, we therefore aimed to investigate a potential contribution of the cellular components of the hAM to pulmonary surfactant found in amniotic fluid. We identified that cells within the native membrane contain lamellar bodies and express all four surfactant proteins as well as ABCA3. Lipidomic profiling by nanoESI – MS/MS revealed the presence of the essential lipid species as found in PS. Also, the biophysical activity of conditioned cell culture supernatant obtained from hAM was tested with captive bubble surfactometry. hAM supernatant showed the ability to reduce surface tension, similar to human PS obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage. This means that hAM produces the essential PS-associated components and can therefore contribute as second potential source of PS in amniotic fluid aside from the foetal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lemke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology / AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - José Carlos Castillo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Biologia, and Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florian Prodinger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Asja Ceranic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Biologia, and Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology / AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology / AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Jin J, Li Y, Ren J, Man Lam S, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Zhang X, Xu R, Shui G, Ma RZ. Neonatal Respiratory Failure with Retarded Perinatal Lung Maturation in Mice Caused by Reticulocalbin 3 Disruption. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:410-23. [PMID: 26252542 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0036oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulocalbin 3 (Rcn3) is an endoplasmic reticulum lumen protein localized to the secretory pathway. As a Ca2t-binding protein of 45 kDa (Cab45)/Rcn/ER Ca2t-binding protein of 55 kDa (ERC45)/calumenin (CREC) family member, Rcn3 is reported to function as a chaperone protein involved in protein synthesis and secretion; however, the biological role of Rcn3 is largely unknown. The results presented here, for the first time, depict an indispensable physiological role of Rcn3 in perinatal lung maturation by using an Rcn3 gene knockout mouse model. These mutant mice die immediately at birth owing to atelectasis-induced neonatal respiratory distress, although these embryos are produced with grossly normal development. This respiratory distress results from a failure of functional maturation of alveolar epithelial type II cells during alveogenesis. This immaturity of type II cells is associated with a dramatic reduction in surfactant protein A and D, a disruption in surfactant phospholipid homeostasis, and a disorder in lamellar body. In vitro studies further show that Rcn3 deficiency blunts the secretion of surfactant proteins and phospholipids from lung epithelial cells, suggesting a decrease in availability of surfactants for their surface activity. Collectively, these observations indicate an essential role of Rcn3 in perinatal lung maturation and neonatal respiratory adaptation as well as shed additional light on the mechanism of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Jin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangong Ren
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hou
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rener Xu
- 3 Institute of Development Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runlin Z Ma
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is essential for life as it lines the alveoli to lower surface tension, thereby preventing atelectasis during breathing. Surfactant is enriched with a relatively unique phospholipid, termed dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and four surfactant-associated proteins, SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D. The hydrophobic proteins, SP-B and SP-C, together with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, confer surface tension-lowering properties to the material. The more hydrophilic surfactant components, SP-A and SP-D, participate in pulmonary host defense and modify immune responses. Specifically, SP-A and SP-D bind and partake in the clearance of a variety of bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens and can dampen antigen-induced immune function of effector cells. Emerging data also show immunosuppressive actions of some surfactant-associated lipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol. Conversely, microbial pathogens in preclinical models impair surfactant synthesis and secretion, and microbial proteinases degrade surfactant-associated proteins. Deficiencies of surfactant components are classically observed in the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, where surfactant replacement therapies have been the mainstay of treatment. However, functional or compositional deficiencies of surfactant are also observed in a variety of acute and chronic lung disorders. Increased surfactant is seen in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, a disorder characterized by a functional deficiency of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor or development of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antibodies. Genetic polymorphisms of some surfactant proteins such as SP-C are linked to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we briefly review the composition, antimicrobial properties, and relevance of pulmonary surfactant to lung disorders and present its therapeutic implications.
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Lung Regeneration: Endogenous and Exogenous Stem Cell Mediated Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010128. [PMID: 26797607 PMCID: PMC4730369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue turnover of unperturbed adult lung is remarkably slow. However, after injury or insult, a specialised group of facultative lung progenitors become activated to replenish damaged tissue through a reparative process called regeneration. Disruption in this process results in healing by fibrosis causing aberrant lung remodelling and organ dysfunction. Post-insult failure of regeneration leads to various incurable lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, identification of true endogenous lung progenitors/stem cells, and their regenerative pathway are crucial for next-generation therapeutic development. Recent studies provide exciting and novel insights into postnatal lung development and post-injury lung regeneration by native lung progenitors. Furthermore, exogenous application of bone marrow stem cells, embryonic stem cells and inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) show evidences of their regenerative capacity in the repair of injured and diseased lungs. With the advent of modern tissue engineering techniques, whole lung regeneration in the lab using de-cellularised tissue scaffold and stem cells is now becoming reality. In this review, we will highlight the advancement of our understanding in lung regeneration and development of stem cell mediated therapeutic strategies in combating incurable lung diseases.
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Efficient Generation of Mice with Consistent Transgene Expression by FEEST. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16284. [PMID: 26573149 PMCID: PMC4648098 DOI: 10.1038/srep16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse models are widely used in biomedical research; however, current techniques for producing transgenic mice are limited due to the unpredictable nature of transgene expression. Here, we report a novel, highly efficient technique for the generation of transgenic mice with single-copy integration of the transgene and guaranteed expression of the gene-of-interest (GOI). We refer to this technique as functionally enriched ES cell transgenics, or FEEST. ES cells harboring an inducible Cre gene enabled the efficient selection of transgenic ES cell clones using hygromycin before Cre-mediated recombination. Expression of the GOI was confirmed by assaying for the GFP after Cre recombination. As a proof-of-principle, we produced a transgenic mouse line containing Cre-activatable tTA (cl-tTA6). This tTA mouse model was able to induce tumor formation when crossed with a transgenic mouse line containing a doxycycline-inducible oncogene. We also showed that the cl-tTA6 mouse is a valuable tool for faithfully recapitulating the clinical course of tumor development. We showed that FEEST can be easily adapted for other genes by preparing a transgenic mouse model of conditionally activatable EGFR L858R. Thus, FEEST is a technique with the potential to generate transgenic mouse models at a genome-wide scale.
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Hijazi A, Guan H, Cernea M, Yang K. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A disrupts mouse fetal lung development. FASEB J 2015; 29:4968-77. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Hijazi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Physiology and PharmacologyChildren's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Haiyan Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Physiology and PharmacologyChildren's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Maria Cernea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Physiology and PharmacologyChildren's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Kaiping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Physiology and PharmacologyChildren's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
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Woik N, Kroll J. Regulation of lung development and regeneration by the vascular system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2709-18. [PMID: 25894695 PMCID: PMC11113134 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels have been described a long time ago as passive circuits providing sufficient blood supply to ensure proper distribution of oxygen and nutrition. Blood vessels are mainly formed during embryonic development and in the early postnatal period. In the adult, blood vessels are quiescent, but can be activated and subsequently induced under pathophysiological conditions, such as ischemia and tumor growth. Surprisingly, recent data have suggested an active function for blood vessels, named angiocrine signaling, releasing trophogens which regulate organ development and organ regeneration including in the pancreas, lung, tumor cells, liver and bone. Lung development is driven by hypoxia as well as an intense endothelial-epithelial interaction, and important mechanisms contributing to these processes have recently been identified. This review aims to summarize recent developments and concepts about embryonic pulmonary vascular development and lung regeneration. We discuss hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-2α and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF as important mediators in lung development and focus on endothelial-epithelial interactions and angiocrine signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Woik
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
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Das A, Sinha M, Datta S, Abas M, Chaffee S, Sen CK, Roy S. Monocyte and macrophage plasticity in tissue repair and regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2596-606. [PMID: 26118749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity and high versatility are the characteristic features of the cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage. The mononuclear phagocyte system, derived from the bone marrow progenitor cells, is primarily composed of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In regenerative tissues, a central role of monocyte-derived macrophages and paracrine factors secreted by these cells is indisputable. Macrophages are highly plastic cells. On the basis of environmental cues and molecular mediators, these cells differentiate to proinflammatory type I macrophage (M1) or anti-inflammatory or proreparative type II macrophage (M2) phenotypes and transdifferentiate into other cell types. Given a central role in tissue repair and regeneration, the review focuses on the heterogeneity of monocytes and macrophages with current known mechanisms of differentiation and plasticity, including microenvironmental cues and molecular mediators, such as noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mithun Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Soma Datta
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Motaz Abas
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Scott Chaffee
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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Kurath-Koller S, Resch B, Kraschl R, Windpassinger C, Eber E. Surfactant Protein B Deficiency Caused by Homozygous C248X Mutation-A Case Report and Review of the Literature. AJP Rep 2015. [PMID: 26199800 PMCID: PMC4502623 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1545668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Surfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is usually rapidly fatal. The c.397delCinsGAA mutation (121ins2) in exon 4 is found in more than two-thirds of patients. Design We report on a fatal case of SP-B deficiency caused by a homozygous C248X mutation in exon 7 of the SP-B gene. In addition, we provide an update of the current literature. The EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched to identify all papers published in the English and German literature on SP-B deficiency between 1989 and 2013. Results SP-B deficiency is characterized by progressive hypoxemic respiratory failure generally in full-term infants. They present with symptoms of respiratory distress and hypoxemia; chest X-ray resembles hyaline membrane disease. Prenatal diagnosis is possible from amniotic fluid or chorionic villi sampling. Conclusion Thirty-four mutations have been published in the literature. Treatment options are scarce. Gene therapy is hoped to be an option in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kurath-Koller
- Division of General Pediatrics, Paediatric Department, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Resch
- Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Department, Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Raimund Kraschl
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Department, General Hospital of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | | | - Ernst Eber
- Division of Pulmonology, Paediatric Department, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Biomarkers of lung injury in cardiothoracic surgery. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:472360. [PMID: 25866435 PMCID: PMC4381722 DOI: 10.1155/2015/472360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of pulmonary dysfunction is currently almost entirely based on a vast series of physiological changes, but comprehensive research is focused on determining biomarkers for early diagnosis of pulmonary dysfunction. Here we discuss the use of biomarkers of lung injury in cardiothoracic surgery and their ability to detect subtle pulmonary dysfunction in the perioperative period. Degranulation products of neutrophils are often used as biomarker since they have detrimental effects on the pulmonary tissue by themselves. However, these substances are not lung specific. Lung epithelium specific proteins offer more specificity and slowly find their way into clinical studies.
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Schmiedl A, Grützner D, Hoffmann T, von Hörsten S, Stephan M. DPP4 inhibitors increase differentially the expression of surfactant proteins in Fischer 344 rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:248-61. [PMID: 25069535 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Intact surface active agent (surfactant) composed of surfactant-associated proteins (SPs) and lipids is necessary for respiration and prevents alveoli from collapsing. CD26, a transmembrane glycoprotein exerting dipeptidyl peptidase activity (DPP4), highly expressed in lung parenchyma, is involved in inflammatory processes. A pharmacological inhibition of DPP4 influenced not only the inflammation but also elevated the SPs. Thus, DPP4 inhibitors may be a novel drug for treatment of diseases with surfactant deficiency. Therefore, we tested firstly the hypothesis that DPP4 inhibitors increase the expression of SPs in healthy rats. METHODS SP mRNA and protein expression were determined different times after nebulization of aerosolized DPP4 inhibitors [L-isoleucine-thiazolidide (L-Ile-Thia), L-valine-pyrrolidide (L-Val-Pyrr)], budesonide, saline or stereoisomers. RESULTS Compared with negative controls (1) L-Ile-Thia as well as budesonide led to a significant higher and L-Val-Pyrr had the tendency to a significant higher expression of SP-A mRNA 6 h after nebulization, (2) the expression of SP-D mRNA increased significantly 6 h after nebulization with L-Ile-Thia and 3 and 6 h after nebulization with Val-pyrr, (3) SP-B mRNA levels showed significantly higher values 3 and 6 h after nebulization with L-Val-Pyrr, (4) protein levels of SP-A, SP-B and SP-C were elevated significantly 6 h after nebulization with L-Val-Pyrr as well as with budesonide, and (5) phospholipids were also increased in response to DPP4 inhibition; the minimal surface tension was comparable. CONCLUSION DPP4 inhibition influence differently the expression of surfactant proteins in healthy rats and may be suitable to elevate surfactant synthesis in different diseases accompanied with surfactant deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Schmiedl
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - D. Grützner
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | | | - S. von Hörsten
- Department for Experimental Therapy; Franz-Penzoldt-Center; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - M. Stephan
- Clinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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Composition, structure and mechanical properties define performance of pulmonary surfactant membranes and films. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 185:153-75. [PMID: 25260665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory surface in the mammalian lung is stabilized by pulmonary surfactant, a membrane-based system composed of multiple lipids and specific proteins, the primary function of which is to minimize the surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface, optimizing the mechanics of breathing and avoiding alveolar collapse, especially at the end of expiration. The goal of the present review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the structure, lipid-protein interactions and mechanical features of surfactant membranes and films and how these properties correlate with surfactant biological function inside the lungs. Surfactant mechanical properties can be severely compromised by different agents, which lead to surfactant inhibition and ultimately contributes to the development of pulmonary disorders and pathologies in newborns, children and adults. A detailed comprehension of the unique mechanical and rheological properties of surfactant layers is crucial for the diagnostics and treatment of lung diseases, either by analyzing the contribution of surfactant impairment to the pathophysiology or by improving the formulations in surfactant replacement therapies. Finally, a short review is also included on the most relevant experimental techniques currently employed to evaluate lung surfactant mechanics, rheology, and inhibition and reactivation processes.
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38
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Doumanov J, Jordanova A, Zlatkov K, Moskova-Doumanova V, Lalchev Z. Investigation of IL-6 Effects on SP-A Expression in A549 Lung Cell Line. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/50yrtimb.2011.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Dodagatta-Marri E, Qaseem AS, Karbani N, Tsolaki AG, Waters P, Madan T, Kishore U. Purification of surfactant protein D (SP-D) from pooled amniotic fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1100:273-90. [PMID: 24218267 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-724-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant protein SP-D is a multimeric collagenous lectin, called collectin. SP-D is a multifunctional, pattern recognition innate immune molecule, which binds in a calcium dependent manner to an array of carbohydrates and lipids, thus offering resistance to invading pathogens, allergen challenge, and pulmonary inflammation. SP-D is predominantly found in the endoplasmic reticulum of type 2 pneumocytes and in the secretory granules of Clara or non-ciliated bronchiolar cells. The highest expression of SP-D is observed in the distal airways and alveoli. There is also an extra pulmonary existence of SP-D. The common sources of native full-length human SP-D are bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) washings from normal or preferably patients suffering from alveolar proteinosis who overproduce SP-D in the lungs. Amniotic fluid collected at the term during parturition is another reasonable source. Here, we describe a simple and rapid method of purifying native SP-D away from SP-A which is also present in the same source. We also describe procedures of expressing and purifying a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rhSP-D) comprising trimeric neck and carbohydrate recognition domains that has been shown to have therapeutic effects in murine models of allergy and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswari Dodagatta-Marri
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, London, UK
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McGillick EV, Orgeig S, McMillen IC, Morrison JL. The fetal sheep lung does not respond to cortisol infusion during the late canalicular phase of development. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00130. [PMID: 24400136 PMCID: PMC3871449 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prepartum surge in plasma cortisol concentrations in humans and sheep promotes fetal lung and surfactant system maturation in the support of air breathing after birth. This physiological process has been used to enhance lung maturation in the preterm fetus using maternal administration of betamethasone in the clinical setting in fetuses as young as 24 weeks gestation (term = 40 weeks). Here, we have investigated the impact of fetal intravenous cortisol infusion during the canalicular phase of lung development (from 109- to 116-days gestation, term = 150 ± 3 days) on the expression of genes regulating glucocorticoid (GC) activity, lung liquid reabsorption, and surfactant maturation in the very preterm sheep fetus and compared this to their expression near term. Cortisol infusion had no impact on mRNA expression of the corticosteroid receptors (GC receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor) or HSD11B-2, however, there was increased expression of HSD11B-1 in the fetal lung. Despite this, cortisol infusion had no effect on the expression of genes involved in lung sodium (epithelial sodium channel -α, -β, or -γ subunits and sodium–potassium ATPase-β1 subunit) or water (aquaporin 1, 3, and 5) reabsorption when compared to the level of expression during exposure to the normal prepartum cortisol surge. Furthermore, in comparison to late gestation, cortisol infusion does not increase mRNA expression of surfactant proteins (SFTP-A, -B, and -C) or the number of SFTP-B-positive cells present in the alveolar epithelium, the cells that produce pulmonary surfactant. These data suggest that there may be an age before which the lung is unable to respond biochemically to an increase in fetal plasma cortisol concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin V McGillick
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5001 ; Molecular & Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5001
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Molecular & Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5001
| | - I Caroline McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5001
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5001
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Sharma G, Kodali V, Gaffrey M, Wang W, Minard KR, Karin NJ, Teeguarden JG, Thrall BD. Iron oxide nanoparticle agglomeration influences dose rates and modulates oxidative stress-mediated dose-response profiles in vitro. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:663-75. [PMID: 23837572 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.822115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous agglomeration of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is a common problem in cell culture media which can confound interpretation of in vitro nanotoxicity studies. The authors created stable agglomerates of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in conventional culture medium, which varied in hydrodynamic size (276 nm-1.5 μm) but were composed of identical primary particles with similar surface potentials and protein coatings. Studies using C10 lung epithelial cells show that the dose rate effects of agglomeration can be substantial, varying by over an order of magnitude difference in cellular dose in some cases. Quantification by magnetic particle detection showed that small agglomerates of carboxylated IONPs induced greater cytotoxicity and redox-regulated gene expression when compared with large agglomerates on an equivalent total cellular IONP mass dose basis, whereas agglomerates of amine-modified IONPs failed to induce cytotoxicity or redox-regulated gene expression despite delivery of similar cellular doses. Dosimetry modelling and experimental measurements reveal that on a delivered surface area basis, large and small agglomerates of carboxylated IONPs have similar inherent potency for the generation of ROS, induction of stress-related genes and eventual cytotoxicity. The results suggest that reactive moieties on the agglomerate surface are more efficient in catalysing cellular ROS production than molecules buried within the agglomerate core. Because of the dynamic, size and density-dependent nature of ENP delivery to cells in vitro, the biological consequences of agglomeration are not discernible from static measures of exposure concentration (μg/ml) alone, highlighting the central importance of integrated physical characterisation and quantitative dosimetry for in vitro studies. The combined experimental and computational approach provides a quantitative framework for evaluating relationships between the biocompatibility of nanoparticles and their physical and chemical characteristics.
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Zscheppang K, Giese U, Hoenzke S, Wiegel D, Dammann CEL. ErbB4 is an upstream regulator of TTF-1 fetal mouse lung type II cell development in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2690-2702. [PMID: 23845988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TTF-1 is an important transcription factor in lung development and lung disease and is essential for lung cell differentiation, specifically surfactant protein (Sftp) expression. The molecular mechanisms that drive the expression and transcriptional control of TTF-1 are not fully understood. In the fetal lung, ErbB4 functions as a transcriptional co-factor and regulates the timely onset of fetal Sftp expression. We speculate that ErbB4 is an upstream regulator of TTF-1 and regulates Sftpb expression via this pathway in alveolar type II cells. Neuregulin-induced ErbB4 and TTF-1 signaling interactions were studied by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Overexpression of ErbB4 and TTF-1 was analyzed in its effect on cell viability, Sftpb expression, TTF-1 expression, and Sftpb and TTF-1 promoter activity. The effect of ErbB4 deletion and ErbB4 nuclear translocation on TTF-1 expression was studied in primary fetal type II epithelial cells, isolated from transgenic HER4(heart(-/-)) mice. ErbB4 ligand neuregulin induces ErbB4 and TTF-1 co-precipitation and nuclear colocalization. Combined ErbB4 and TTF-1 overexpression inhibits cell viability, while promoting Sftpb expression more than single overexpression of each protein. NRG stimulates TTF-1 expression in ErbB4-overexpressing epithelial cells, while this effect is absent in ErbB4-depleted cells. In primary fetal type II cells, ErbB4 nuclear translocation is critical for its regulation of TTF-1-induced Sftpb upregulation. TTF-1 overexpression did not overcome this important requirement. We conclude that ErbB4 is a critical upstream regulator of TTF-1 in type II epithelial cells and that this interaction is important for Sftpb regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zscheppang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Division of Newborn Medicine, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ulrike Giese
- Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Stefan Hoenzke
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Dorothea Wiegel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Division of Newborn Medicine, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christiane E L Dammann
- Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Division of Newborn Medicine, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Sackler School for Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Parra E, Alcaraz A, Cruz A, Aguilella VM, Pérez-Gil J. Hydrophobic pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C induce pore formation in planar lipid membranes: evidence for proteolipid pores. Biophys J 2013; 104:146-55. [PMID: 23332067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and specific surfactant proteins, including the hydrophobic proteins SP-B and SP-C, in charge of stabilizing the respiratory surface of mammalian lungs. The combined action of both proteins is responsible for the proper structure and dynamics of membrane arrays in the pulmonary surfactant network that covers the respiratory surface. In this study, we explore the possibility that proteins SP-B and SP-C induce the permeabilization of phospholipid membranes via pore formation. To this end, electrophysiological measurements have been carried out in planar lipid membranes prepared with different lipid/protein mixtures. Our main result is that channel-like structures are detected in the presence of SP-B, SP-C, or the native mixture of both proteins. Current traces show a high variety of conductance states (from pS to nS) that are dependent both on the lipid composition and the applied potential. We also show that the type of host lipid crucially determines the ionic selectivity of the observed pores: the anionic selectivity observed in zwitterionic membranes is inverted to cationic selectivity in the presence of negatively charged lipids. All those results suggest that SP-B and SP-C proteins promote the formation of proteolipid channels in which lipid molecules are functionally involved. We propose that proteolipidic membrane-permeabilizing structures may have an important role to tune ionic and lipidic flows through the pulmonary surfactant membrane network at the alveolar surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Parra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Antenatal steroids and the IUGR fetus: are exposure and physiological effects on the lung and cardiovascular system the same as in normally grown fetuses? J Pregnancy 2012; 2012:839656. [PMID: 23227338 PMCID: PMC3512319 DOI: 10.1155/2012/839656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm labour to promote fetal lung surfactant maturation. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with an increased risk of preterm labour. Hence, IUGR babies may be exposed to antenatal glucocorticoids. The ability of the placenta or blood brain barrier to remove glucocorticoids from the fetal compartment or the brain is compromised in the IUGR fetus, which may have implications for lung, brain, and heart development. There is conflicting evidence on the effect of exogenous glucocorticoids on surfactant protein expression in different animal models of IUGR. Furthermore, the IUGR fetus undergoes significant cardiovascular adaptations, including altered blood pressure regulation, which is in conflict with glucocorticoid-induced alterations in blood pressure and flow. Hence, antenatal glucocorticoid therapy in the IUGR fetus may compromise regulation of cardiovascular development. The role of cortisol in cardiomyocyte development is not clear with conflicting evidence in different species and models of IUGR. Further studies are required to study the effects of antenatal glucocorticoids on lung, brain, and heart development in the IUGR fetus. Of specific interest are the aetiology of IUGR and the resultant degree, duration, and severity of hypoxemia.
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Xiang X, Yuan F, Zhao J, Li Z, Wang X, Guan Y, Tang C, Sun G, Li Y, Zhang W. Deficiency in pulmonary surfactant proteins in mice with fatty acid binding protein 4-Cre-mediated knockout of the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:830-41. [PMID: 23143994 PMCID: PMC3593000 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.069674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
New findings Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) forms a heterodimmer with tuberous sclerosis complex 2, to inhibit signalling by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1). The mTORC1 stimulates cell growth by promoting anabolic cellular processes, such as gene transcription and protein translation, in response to growth factors and nutrient signals. Originally designed to test the role of TSC1 in adipocyte function, mice in which the gene for TSC1 was specifically deleted by the fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4)-Cre (Fabp4-Tsc1cKO mice) died prematurely within 48 h after birth. The Fabp4-Tsc1cKO mouse revealed a much smaller phenotype relative to the wild-type littermates. Maternal administration of rapamycin, a classical mTOR inhibitor, significantly increased the survival time of Fabp4-Tsc1cKO mice for up to 23 days. Both macroscopic and microscopic haemorrhages were observed in the lungs of Fabp4-Tsc1cKO mice, while other tissues showed no significant changes. Levels of surfactant proteins A and B demonstrated a significant decrease in the Fabp4-Tsc1cKO mice, which was rescued by maternal injection of rapamycin. Co-localization of FABP4 or TSC1 with surfactant protein B was also detected in neonatal pulmonary tissues. Our study suggests that TSC1–mTORC1 may be critical for the synthesis of surfactant proteins A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Impaired surfactant production by alveolar epithelial cells in a SCID-hu lung mouse model of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection. J Virol 2012; 86:12795-805. [PMID: 22973041 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01054-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading viral cause of birth defects and life-threatening lung-associated diseases in premature infants and immunocompromised children. Although the fetal lung is a major target organ of the virus, HCMV lung pathogenesis has remained unexplored, possibly as a result of extreme host range restriction. To overcome this hurdle, we generated a SCID-hu lung mouse model that closely recapitulates the discrete stages of human lung development in utero. Human fetal lung tissue was implanted into severe combined immunodeficient (CB17-scid) mice and inoculated by direct injection with the VR1814 clinical isolate of HCMV. Virus replication in the fetal lung was assessed by the quantification of infectious virus titers and HCMV genome copies and the detection of HCMV proteins by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. We show that HCMV efficiently replicated in the lung implants during a 2-week period, forming large viral lesions. The virus productively infected alveolar epithelial and mesenchymal cells, imitating congenital infection of the fetal lung. HCMV replication triggered apoptosis near and within the viral lesions and impaired the production of surfactant proteins in the alveolar epithelium. Our findings highlight that congenital and neonatal HCMV infection can adversely impact lung development, leading to pneumonia and acute lung injury. We have successfully developed a small-animal model that closely recapitulates fetal and neonatal lung development and provides a valuable, biologically relevant tool for an understanding of the lung pathogenesis of HCMV as well as other human respiratory viruses. Additionally, this model would greatly facilitate the development and testing of new antiviral therapies for HCMV along with select human pulmonary pathogens.
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Ni JX, Gao SH. Understanding the viscera-related theory that the lung and large intestine are exterior-interiorly related. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2012; 32:293-8. [PMID: 22876460 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pairing of the viscera and bowels is an important theory, which provides guidance to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical practice. Investigating this theory has been the focus of research on the basic theory of TCM. Recently, researchers have performed many studies on the theory that the lung and large intestine are exterior-interiorly related, which is a different point of view to that of previous literature, recent clinical studies and experimental studies, and these recent studies have enforced the theoretical connotation of the statement. However, there are problems in some of these studies including recent clinical studies and experimental studies. In the current article, literature on the viscera-related theory of the lung and large intestine are exterior-interiorly related is reviewed from physiological, pathological, and clinical views, and some opinions on the current research status are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-xia Ni
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Das Surfactant-System der oberen Atemwege: Aufbau, Funktion und klinische Bedeutung. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-012-0149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nayak A, Dodagatta-Marri E, Tsolaki AG, Kishore U. An Insight into the Diverse Roles of Surfactant Proteins, SP-A and SP-D in Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2012; 3:131. [PMID: 22701116 PMCID: PMC3369187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D are hydrophilic, collagen-containing calcium-dependent lectins, which appear to have a range of innate immune functions at pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary sites. These proteins bind to target ligands on pathogens, allergens, and apoptotic cells, via C-terminal homotrimeric carbohydrate recognition domains, while the collagen region brings about the effector functions via its interaction with cell surface receptors. SP-A and SP-D deal with various pathogens, using a range of innate immune mechanisms such as agglutination/aggregation, enhancement of phagocytosis, and killing mechanisms by phagocytic cells and direct growth inhibition. SP-A and SP-D have also been shown to be involved in the control of pulmonary inflammation including allergy and asthma. Emerging evidence suggest that SP-A and SP-D are capable of linking innate immunity with adaptive immunity that includes modulation of dendritic cell function and helper T cell polarization. This review enumerates immunological properties of SP-A and SP-D inside and outside lungs and discusses their importance in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Nayak
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University London, UK
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Surfactant protein A (SP-A) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) as early biomarkers for pulmonary edema formation in ventilated human lung lobes. Lung 2012; 190:431-40. [PMID: 22466057 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ex vivo perfused and ventilated lung lobes frequently develop pulmonary edema. We were looking for a suitable and early detectable biomarker in the perfusion fluid indicating lung cell damage and loss of tissue integrity in ventilated human lung lobes. Therefore, we elucidated whether surfactant protein A (SP-A) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were measurable in the perfusion fluid and whether they were suitable indicators for edema formation occurring within the experimental time frame of 1-2 h. METHODS Patients (n = 39) undergoing a lobectomy, bilobectomy or pneumonectomy due to primary bronchial cell carcinoma were included in the studies. Lung lobes were extracorporally ventilated and perfused for up to 2 h. Two different perfusion fluids were used, plain perfusion buffer and perfusion buffer containing packed erythrocytes or buffy coats. Perfusion fluid samples were analyzed for SP-A and ACE using immunoassays served as perfusion fluids. RESULTS SP-A and ACE concentrations were analyzed in fluid sample sets of 39 and 33 perfusion experiments, respectively. Degrees of edema formation were arbitrarily classified into three groups (≤ 29, 30-59, ≥ 60 % weight gain). The maximum increase of SP-A and ACE concentrations in the perfusate was significantly higher for more pronounced edemas in case of perfusions using a mixture of blood components and buffer. Interestingly, the time courses of ACE and SP-A were highly similar. CONCLUSION We suggest that SP-A and ACE are promising early biochemical markers for the development for pulmonary edema formation in the ex vivo lung lobe perfusion.
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