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Saeki C, Saito M, Tsubota A. Association of chronic liver disease with bone diseases and muscle weakness. J Bone Miner Metab 2024:10.1007/s00774-023-01488-x. [PMID: 38302761 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ involved in nutrient metabolism, hormone regulation, immunity, cytokine production, and gut homeostasis. Impairment in liver function can result in malnutrition, chronic inflammation, decreased anabolic hormone levels, and dysbiosis. These conditions eventually cause an imbalance in osteoblast and osteoclast activities, resulting in bone loss. Osteoporosis is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) that adversely affects quality of life and increases early mortality. Sarcopenia is another common complication of CLD characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Assessment criteria for sarcopenia specific to liver disease have been established, and sarcopenia has been reported to be associated with an increase in the risk of liver disease-related events and mortality in patients with CLD. Owing to their similar risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, osteoporosis and sarcopenia often coexist (termed osteosarcopenia), progress in parallel, and further exacerbate the conditions mentioned above. Therefore, comprehensive management of these musculoskeletal disorders is imperative. This review summarizes the clinical implications and characteristics of osteoporosis, extending to sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia, in patients with CLD caused by different etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Saeki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Akihito Tsubota
- Project Research Units, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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Nishinaka T, Hatipoglu OF, Wake H, Watanabe M, Toyomura T, Mori S, Nishibori M, Takahashi H. Different modulation of STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling by advanced glycation end products. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 750:109808. [PMID: 37918647 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds that are non-enzymatically produced by reactions between carbonyl compounds and proteins. Many types of AGEs are produced according to the type or concentration of the reacting carbonyl compound. We have previously demonstrated that a glycolaldehyde-derived AGE suppresses stimulator of interferon gene (STING)/TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3), which is a component of the innate immune system. In this report, we investigated the effects of AGEs prepared by several carbonyl compounds on STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling. AGEs used in the present study were numbered based on the carbonyl compound type: AGE1, derived from glucose; AGE2, derived from glyceraldehyde; AGE3, derived from glycolaldehyde; AGE4, derived from methylglyoxal; and AGE5, derived from glyoxal. AGEs derived from aldehyde (AGE2 and AGE3) and dicarbonyl compounds (AGE4 and AGE5) suppressed cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)-induced activation of STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling, with different suppression efficiencies observed. Lysine modification by carbonyl compounds was related to the efficiency of the suppressive effect on STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling. Among the AGEs used, only AGE1 enhanced cGAMP-induced activation of STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling. Enhancing the modulation of STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling by AGE1 was mediated by toll-like receptor 4. These results indicated that modulation of STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling by prepared AGEs is dependent on the type and concentration of the carbonyl compound present. Modulating STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling by AGEs may involve modification of lysine residues in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Omer Faruk Hatipoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Toyomura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Translational Research & Drug Development, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Saeki C, Saito M, Tsubota A. Plasma pentosidine as a useful biomarker of sarcopenia, low gait speed, and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1212899. [PMID: 37780552 PMCID: PMC10541311 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1212899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with various diseases and age-related impairments, including loss of muscle mass and function. We investigated the association between plasma pentosidine, which is one of the AGEs, and sarcopenia, low gait speed, and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Methods This retrospective study divided 128 patients with cirrhosis into three groups by 25th and 75th quartiles of baseline plasma pentosidine levels: low (L)-, intermediate (I)-, and high (H)-pentosidine (Pen) groups. Sarcopenia was diagnosed following the Japan Society of Hepatology criteria. Low gait speed was defined as <0.8 m/s. The cumulative survival rates were compared between the three groups. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with mortality. Results Of the 128 patients, 40 (31.3%) and 34 (26.6%) had sarcopenia and low gait speed, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia and low gait speed significantly increased stepwise with increasing plasma pentosidine levels, with the highest in the H-Pen group (59.4% [19/32] and 56.3% [18/32], respectively) and lowest in the L-Pen group (18.8% [6/32] and 6.3% [2/32], respectively). Multivariate analysis identified plasma pentosidine levels as a significant and independent factor associated with sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; p = 0.036) and low gait speed (OR, 1.06; p = 0.036), with the cutoff levels of 0.0792 μg/mL (sensitivity/specificity, 0.600/0.773) and 0.0745 μg/mL (sensitivity/specificity, 0.735/0.691), respectively. The cumulative survival rates were significantly lower in the H-Pen group than in the L-Pen (hazard ratio [HR], 11.7; p = 0.001) and I-Pen (HR, 4.03; p < 0.001) groups. Plasma pentosidine levels were identified as a significant and independent prognostic factor (HR, 1.07; p < 0.001). Conclusion Plasma pentosidine levels are associated with sarcopenia, low gait speed, and mortality and may serve as a useful surrogate biomarker for these clinical events in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Saeki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fuji City General Hospital, Fuji, Shizuoka, Japan
- Liver Disease Control Science, Graduate School of Organic Pathology and Therapeutics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Tsubota
- Liver Disease Control Science, Graduate School of Organic Pathology and Therapeutics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Project Research Units, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Bajwa S, Luebbe A, Vo NDN, Piskor EM, Kosan C, Wolf G, Loeffler I. RAGE is a critical factor of sex-based differences in age-induced kidney damage. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1154551. [PMID: 37064891 PMCID: PMC10090518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1154551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules with potential pathophysiological effects on the kidneys. Fibrosis together with the accumulation of AGEs has been investigated for its contribution to age-related decline in renal function. AGEs mediate their effects in large parts through their interactions with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). RAGE is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and has the ability to interact with multiple pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative ligands. The role of RAGE in aging kidneys has not been fully characterized, especially for sex-based differences.Methods: Therefore, we analyzed constitutive RAGE knockout (KO) mice in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Paraffin-embedded kidney sections were used for histological analysis and protein expression of fibrosis and damage markers. RNA expression analysis from the kidney cortex was done by qPCR for AGE receptors, kidney damage, and early inflammation/fibrosis factors. FACS analysis was used for immune cell profiling of the kidneys.Results: Histological analysis revealed enhanced infiltration of immune cells (positive for B220) in aged (>70 weeks old) KO mice in both sexes. FACS analysis revealed a similar pattern of enhanced B-1a cells in aged KO mice. There was an age-based increase in pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF, TGF-β1, and SNAIL1) in KO male mice that presumably contributed to renal fibrosis and renal damage (glomerular and tubular). In fact, in KO mice, there was an age-dependent increase in renal damage (assessed by NGAL and KIM1) that was accompanied by increased fibrosis (assessed by CTGF). This effect was more pronounced in male KO mice than in the female KO mice. In contrast to the KO animals, no significant increase in damage markers was detectable in wild-type animals at the age examined (>70 weeks old). Moreover, there is an age-based increase in AGEs and scavenger receptor MSR-A2 in the kidneys.Discussion: Our data suggest that the loss of the clearance receptor RAGE in male animals further accelerates age-dependent renal damage; this could be in part due to an increase in AGEs load during aging and the absence of protective female hormones. By contrast, in females, RAGE expression seems to play only a minor role when compared to tissue pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Bajwa
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Luebbe
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ngoc Dong Nhi Vo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Piskor
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Kosan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivonne Loeffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ivonne Loeffler,
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Litwinowicz K, Waszczuk E, Kuzan A, Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Gostomska-Pampuch K, Naporowski P, Gamian A. Alcoholic Liver Disease Is Associated with Elevated Plasma Levels of Novel Advanced Glycation End-Products: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245266. [PMID: 36558425 PMCID: PMC9783524 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the biochemical mechanisms associated with the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) to more advanced stages such as alcoholic hepatitis (AH) remains an important clinical and scientific challenge. Several hypotheses point to the involvement of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in alcohol-associated liver injuries. Recently, we determined the structure of a synthetic, melibiose-derived AGE (MAGE), which was an analog of the novel AGE subgroup AGE10. The primary objective of our study was to determine whether AGE10 was associated with alcoholic hepatitis. The secondary objective was to provide a diagnostic accuracy of AGE10 in AH. To achieve this objective, we examined the plasma levels of AGE10 in 65 healthy individuals and 65 patients with AH. The AGE10 level was measured using a competitive ELISA. Our study confirmed that patients with AH had significantly higher plasma concentrations of AGE10 compared with healthy controls (184.5 ± 71.1 μg/mL and 123.5 ± 44.9 μg/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, AGE10 showed an acceptable performance as a diagnostic marker of AH, with an AUC of 0.78. In conclusion, AH was associated with elevated levels of novel advanced glycation end-product AGE10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Litwinowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Waszczuk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Gostomska-Pampuch
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Naporowski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Mahmoudi A, Atkin SL, Jamialahmadi T, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Effect of Curcumin on Attenuation of Liver Cirrhosis via Genes/Proteins and Pathways: A System Pharmacology Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204344. [PMID: 36297027 PMCID: PMC9609422 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver cirrhosis is a life-threatening seqsuel of many chronic liver disorders of varying etiologies. In this study, we investigated protein targets of curcumin in liver cirrhosis based on a bioinformatics approach. Methods: Gene/protein associations with curcumin and liver cirrhosis were probed in drug−gene and gene−diseases databases including STITCH/DGIdb/DisGeNET/OMIM/DISEASES/CTD/Pharos and SwissTargetPrediction. Critical clustering groups (MCODE), hub candidates and critical hub genes in liver cirrhosis were identified, and connections between curcumin and liver cirrhosis-related genes were analyzed via Venn diagram. Interaction of hub genes with curcumin by molecular docking using PyRx-virtual screening tools was performed. Results: MCODE analysis indicated three MCODEs; the cluster (MCODE 1) comprised 79 nodes and 881 edges (score: 22.59). Curcumin database interactions recognized 318 protein targets. Liver cirrhosis genes and curcumin protein targets analysis demonstrated 96 shared proteins, suggesting that curcumin may influence 20 candidate and 13 hub genes, covering 81% of liver cirrhosis critical genes and proteins. Thirteen shared proteins affected oxidative stress regulation, RNA, telomerase activity, cell proliferation, and cell death. Molecular docking analysis showed the affinity of curcumin binding hub genes (Binding affinity: ΔG < −4.9 kcal/mol). Conclusions: Curcumin impacted on several critical liver cirrhosis genes mainly involved in extracellular matrix communication, focal adhesion, and the response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, RCSI Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-513-180-1239 (A.S.); Fax: +98-513-800-2287 (A.S.)
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-513-180-1239 (A.S.); Fax: +98-513-800-2287 (A.S.)
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Krasnodębski M, Morawski M, Borkowski J, Grąt K, Stypułkowski J, Skalski M, Zhylko A, Krawczyk M, Grąt M. Skin Autofluorescence Measurement as Initial Assessment of Hepatic Parenchyma Quality in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185341. [PMID: 36142988 PMCID: PMC9503381 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin autofluorescence (SAF) can detect advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that accumulate in tissues over time. AGEs reflect patients’ general health, and their pathological accumulation has been associated with various diseases. This study aimed to determine whether its measurements can correlate with the liver parenchyma quality. This prospective study included 186 patients who underwent liver resections. Liver fibrosis and/or steatosis > 10% were found in almost 30% of the patients. ROC analysis for SAF revealed the optimal cutoff point of 2.4 AU as an independent predictor for macrovesicular steatosis ≥ 10% with an AUC of 0.629 (95% CI 0.538−0.721, p = 0.006), 59.9% sensitivity, 62.4% specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of 45.7% and 74.1%, respectively. The optimal cutoff point for liver fibrosis was 2.3 AU with an AUC of 0.613 (95% CI 0.519−0.708, p = 0.018), 67.3% sensitivity, 55.2% specificity, and PPV and NPV of 37.1% and 81.2%, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression model, SAF ≥ 2.4 AU (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.05−4.43; p = 0.036) and BMI (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.10−1.33, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of macrovesicular steatosis ≥ 10%. SAF may enhance the available non-invasive methods of detecting hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients prior to liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krasnodębski
- Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-599-25-45
| | - Marcin Morawski
- Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Borkowski
- Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Grąt
- Second Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Stypułkowski
- Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Skalski
- Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andriy Zhylko
- Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Krawczyk
- Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Grąt
- Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Chronic Kidney Disease: Does the Modern Diet AGE the Kidney? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132675. [PMID: 35807857 PMCID: PMC9268915 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1980s, chronic kidney disease (CKD) affecting all ages has increased by almost 25%. This increase may be partially attributable to lifestyle changes and increased global consumption of a “western” diet, which is typically energy dense, low in fruits and vegetables, and high in animal protein and ultra-processed foods. These modern food trends have led to an increase in the consumption of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in conjunction with increased metabolic dysfunction, obesity and diabetes, which facilitates production of endogenous AGEs within the body. When in excess, AGEs can be pathological via both receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated pathways. The kidney, as a major site for AGE clearance, is particularly vulnerable to AGE-mediated damage and increases in circulating AGEs align with risk of CKD and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, individuals with significant loss of renal function show increased AGE burden, particularly with uraemia, and there is some evidence that AGE lowering via diet or pharmacological inhibition may be beneficial for CKD. This review discusses the pathways that drive AGE formation and regulation within the body. This includes AGE receptor interactions and pathways of AGE-mediated pathology with a focus on the contribution of diet on endogenous AGE production and dietary AGE consumption to these processes. We then analyse the contribution of AGEs to kidney disease, the evidence for dietary AGEs and endogenously produced AGEs in driving pathogenesis in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease and the potential for AGE targeted therapies in kidney disease.
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Baker P, Cooper-Mullin CM, Jimenez AG. Differences in advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in plasma from birds and mammals of different body sizes and ages. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 267:111164. [PMID: 35158049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Birds and mammals provide a physiological paradox: similar-sized mammals live shorter lives than birds; yet, birds have higher blood glucose concentrations than mammals, and higher basal metabolic rates. We have previously shown that oxidative stress patterns between mammals and birds differ, so that birds, generally, have lower blood antioxidant capacity, and lower lipid peroxidation concentration. There is a close association between oxidative stress and the production of carbohydrate-based damaged biomolecules, Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). In mammals, AGEs can bind to their receptor (RAGE), which can lead to increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and can decrease antioxidant capacity. Here, we used plasma from birds and mammals to address whether blood plasma AGE-BSA concentration is associated with body mass and age in these two groups. We found a statistically significantly higher average concentrations of AGE-BSA in birds compared with mammals, and we found a significantly positive correlation between AGE-BSA and age in mammals, though, this correlation disappeared after phylogenetic correction. We propose that the higher AGE concentration in birds is mainly attributable to greater AGE-production due to elevated basal glucose concentrations and decreased AGE-clearance given differences in glomerular filtration rates in birds compared with mammals. Additionally, due to the potential lack of an AGE receptor in birds, AGE accumulation may not be closely linked to oxidative stress and therefore pose a lesser physiological challenge in birds compared to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baker
- Colgate University, Department of Biology, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY 13346, United States of America
| | - Clara M Cooper-Mullin
- University of Rhode Island, Natural Resources Science, 1 Greenhouse Drive, Kingston, RI 02881, United States of America
| | - Ana Gabriela Jimenez
- Colgate University, Department of Biology, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY 13346, United States of America.
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Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs): Formation, Chemistry, Classification, Receptors, and Diseases Related to AGEs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081312. [PMID: 35455991 PMCID: PMC9029922 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) constitute a non-homogenous, chemically diverse group of compounds formed either exogeneously or endogeneously on the course of various pathways in the human body. In general, they are formed non-enzymatically by condensation between carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and free amine groups of nucleic acids, proteins, or lipids, followed by further rearrangements yielding stable, irreversible end-products. In the last decades, AGEs have aroused the interest of the scientific community due to the increasing evidence of their involvement in many pathophysiological processes and diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, and even infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. They are recognized by several cellular receptors and trigger many signaling pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite many experimental research outcomes published recently, the complexity of their engagement in human physiology and pathophysiological states requires further elucidation. This review focuses on the receptors of AGEs, especially on the structural aspects of receptor-ligand interaction, and the diseases in which AGEs are involved. It also aims to present AGE classification in subgroups and to describe the basic processes leading to both exogeneous and endogeneous AGE formation.
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11
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Patten DA, Wilkinson AL, O'Keeffe A, Shetty S. Scavenger Receptors: Novel Roles in the Pathogenesis of Liver Inflammation and Cancer. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:61-76. [PMID: 34553345 PMCID: PMC8893982 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The scavenger receptor superfamily represents a highly diverse collection of evolutionarily-conserved receptors which are known to play key roles in host homeostasis, the most prominent of which is the clearance of unwanted endogenous macromolecules, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins, from the systemic circulation. Members of this family have also been well characterized in their binding and internalization of a vast range of exogenous antigens and, consequently, are generally considered to be pattern recognition receptors, thus contributing to innate immunity. Several studies have implicated scavenger receptors in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's and atherosclerosis. Hepatic resident cellular populations express a diverse complement of scavenger receptors in keeping with the liver's homeostatic functions, but there is gathering interest in the contribution of these receptors to hepatic inflammation and its complications. Here, we review the expression of scavenger receptors in the liver, their functionality in liver homeostasis, and their role in inflammatory liver disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Patten
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex L. Wilkinson
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ayla O'Keeffe
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shishir Shetty
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Wan Y, Li X, Slevin E, Harrison K, Li T, Zhang Y, Klaunig JE, Wu C, Shetty AK, Dong XC, Meng F. Endothelial dysfunction in pathological processes of chronic liver disease during aging. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22125. [PMID: 34958687 PMCID: PMC8782255 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101426r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with gradual changes in liver structure and physiological/pathological functions in hepatic cells including hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). LSECs are specialized hepatic endothelial cells that regulate liver homeostasis. These cells actively impact the hepatic microenvironment as they have fenestrations and a thin morphology to allow substance exchange between circulating blood and the liver tissue. As aging occurs, LSECs have a reduction in both the number and size of fenestrations, which is referred to as pseudocapillarization. This along with the aging of the liver leads to increased oxidative stress, decreased availability of nitric oxide, decreased hepatic blood flow, and increased inflammatory cytokines in LSECs. Vascular aging can also lead to hepatic hypoxia, HSC activation, and liver fibrosis. In this review, we described the basic structure of LSECs, and the effect of LSECs on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis during aging process. We briefly summarized the changes of hepatic microcirculation during liver inflammation, the effect of aging on the clearance function of LSECs, the interactions between LSECs and immunity, hepatocytes or other hepatic nonparenchymal cells, and the therapeutic intervention of liver diseases by targeting LSECs and vascular system. Since LSECs play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis and the changes of LSEC phenotype occur in the early stage of liver fibrosis, the study of LSECs in the fibrotic liver is valuable for the detection of early liver fibrosis and the early intervention of fibrotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, China
| | - Elise Slevin
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelly Harrison
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, China
| | - Yudian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, China
| | - James E Klaunig
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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13
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He Y, Ma J, Fan X, Ding L, Ding X, Zhang QY, Lin G. The key role of gut-liver axis in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatotoxicity and enterotoxicity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3820-3835. [PMID: 35024309 PMCID: PMC8727778 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are the most common phytotoxins with documented human hepatotoxicity. PAs require metabolic activation by cytochromes P450 to generate toxic intermediates which bind to proteins and form protein adducts, thereby causing cytotoxicity. This study investigated the role of the gut-liver axis in PA intoxication and the underlying mechanisms. We exposed mice to retrorsine (RTS), a representative PA, and for the first time found RTS-induced intestinal epithelium damage and disruption to intestinal barrier function. Using mice with tissue-selective ablation of P450 activity, we found that hepatic P450s, but not intestinal P450s, were essential for PA bioactivation. Besides, in RTS-exposed, bile duct-cannulated rats, we found the liver-derived reactive PA metabolites were transported by bile into the intestine to exert enterotoxicity. The impact of gut-derived pathogenic factors in RTS-induced hepatotoxicity was further studied in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis. DSS treatment increased the hepatic endotoxin level and depleted hepatic reduced glutathione, thereby suppressing the PA detoxification pathway. Compared to RTS-exposed normal mice, the colitic mice displayed more severe RTS-induced hepatic vasculature damage, fibrosis, and steatosis. Overall, our findings provide the first mode-of-action evidence of PA-induced enterotoxicity and highlight the importance of gut barrier function in PA-induced liver injury.
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14
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Yamazaki Y, Wake H, Nishinaka T, Hatipoglu OF, Liu K, Watanabe M, Toyomura T, Mori S, Yoshino T, Nishibori M, Takahashi H. Involvement of multiple scavenger receptors in advanced glycation end product-induced vessel tube formation in endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112857. [PMID: 34600900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Toxic advanced glycation end products (toxic AGEs) derived from glycolaldehyde (AGE3) have been implicated in the development of diabetic vascular complications such as retinopathy characterised by excessive angiogenesis. Different receptor types, such as receptor for AGEs (RAGE), Toll like receptor-4 and scavenger receptors, are expressed in endothelial cells and contribute to AGE-elicited alteration of cell function. In the present study, we examined the involvement of AGE-related receptors on AGE-induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells. The effects of pharmacological inhibitors or receptor neutralizing antibodies on AGE3-induced tube formation were investigated using the in vitro Matrigel tube formation assay in b.End5 cells (mouse endothelial cells). AGE3-induced signalling pathways and receptor expression changes were analysed by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. Both FPS-ZM1, a RAGE inhibitor, and fucoidan, a ligand for scavenger receptors, suppressed AGE3-induced tube formation. Cocktails of neutralizing antibodies against the scavenger receptors CD36, CD163 and LOX-1 prevented AGE3-induced tube formation. AGE3 activated mTOR signalling, resulting in facilitation of tube formation. Activation of the AGE-RAGE pathway also led to the upregulation of scavenger receptors. Taken together, our findings suggest that the scavenger receptors CD36, CD163 and LOX-1 in conjunction with the RAGE receptor work together to mediate toxic AGE-induced facilitation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Omer Faruk Hatipoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Toyomura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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15
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Bhandari S, Larsen AK, McCourt P, Smedsrød B, Sørensen KK. The Scavenger Function of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:757469. [PMID: 34707514 PMCID: PMC8542980 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.757469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to give an outline of the blood clearance function of the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in health and disease. Lining the hundreds of millions of hepatic sinusoids in the human liver the LSECs are perfectly located to survey the constituents of the blood. These cells are equipped with high-affinity receptors and an intracellular vesicle transport apparatus, enabling a remarkably efficient machinery for removal of large molecules and nanoparticles from the blood, thus contributing importantly to maintain blood and tissue homeostasis. We describe here central aspects of LSEC signature receptors that enable the cells to recognize and internalize blood-borne waste macromolecules at great speed and high capacity. Notably, this blood clearance system is a silent process, in the sense that it usually neither requires or elicits cell activation or immune responses. Most of our knowledge about LSECs arises from studies in animals, of which mouse and rat make up the great majority, and some species differences relevant for extrapolating from animal models to human are discussed. In the last part of the review, we discuss comparative aspects of the LSEC scavenger functions and specialized scavenger endothelial cells (SECs) in other vascular beds and in different vertebrate classes. In conclusion, the activity of LSECs and other SECs prevent exposure of a great number of waste products to the immune system, and molecules with noxious biological activities are effectively “silenced” by the rapid clearance in LSECs. An undesired consequence of this avid scavenging system is unwanted uptake of nanomedicines and biologics in the cells. As the development of this new generation of therapeutics evolves, there will be a sharp increase in the need to understand the clearance function of LSECs in health and disease. There is still a significant knowledge gap in how the LSEC clearance function is affected in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Bhandari
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anett Kristin Larsen
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter McCourt
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karen Kristine Sørensen
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Beyond the Paradigm of Weight Loss in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Pathophysiology to Novel Dietary Approaches. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061977. [PMID: 34201382 PMCID: PMC8226973 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment recommendations for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rely heavily on lifestyle interventions. The Mediterranean diet and physical activity, aiming at weight loss, have shown good results in achieving an improvement of this liver disease. However, concerns related to compliance and food accessibility limit the feasibility of this approach, and data on the long-term effects on liver-related outcomes are lacking. Insulin resistance is a central aspect in the pathophysiology of NAFLD; therefore, interventions aiming at the improvement of insulin sensitivity may be preferable. In this literature review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the available evidence on nutritional approaches in the management of NAFLD, involving low-calorie diets, isocaloric diets, and the novel schemes of intermittent fasting. In addition, we explore the harmful role of single nutrients on liver-specific key metabolic pathways, the role of gene susceptibility and microbiota, and behavioral aspects that may impact liver disease and are often underreported in clinical setting. At present, the high variability in terms of study populations and liver-specific outcomes within nutritional studies limits the generalizability of the results and highlights the urgent need of a tailored and standardized approach, as seen in regulatory trials in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH).
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17
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Bhandari S, Li R, Simón-Santamaría J, McCourt P, Johansen SD, Smedsrød B, Martinez-Zubiaurre I, Sørensen KK. Transcriptome and proteome profiling reveal complementary scavenger and immune features of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and liver macrophages. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:85. [PMID: 33246411 PMCID: PMC7694354 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs; liver resident macrophages) form the body's most effective scavenger cell system for the removal of harmful blood-borne substances, ranging from modified self-proteins to pathogens and xenobiotics. Controversies in the literature regarding the LSEC phenotype pose a challenge when determining distinct functionalities of KCs and LSECs. This may be due to overlapping functions of the two cells, insufficient purification and/or identification of the cells, rapid dedifferentiation of LSECs in vitro, or species differences. We therefore characterized and quantitatively compared expressed gene products of freshly isolated, highly pure LSECs (fenestrated SE-1/FcγRIIb2+) and KCs (CD11b/c+) from Sprague Dawley, Crl:CD (SD), male rats using high throughput mRNA-sequencing and label-free proteomics. RESULTS We observed a robust correlation between the proteomes and transcriptomes of the two cell types. Integrative analysis of the global molecular profile demonstrated the immunological aspects of LSECs. The constitutive expression of several immune genes and corresponding proteins of LSECs bore some resemblance with the expression in macrophages. LSECs and KCs both expressed high levels of scavenger receptors (SR) and C-type lectins. Equivalent expression of SR-A1 (Msr1), mannose receptor (Mrc1), SR-B1 (Scarb1), and SR-B3 (Scarb2) suggested functional similarity between the two cell types, while functional distinction between the cells was evidenced by LSEC-specific expression of the SRs stabilin-1 (Stab1) and stabilin-2 (Stab2), and the C-type lectins LSECtin (Clec4g) and DC-SIGNR (Clec4m). Many immune regulatory factors were differentially expressed in LSECs and KCs, with one cell predominantly expressing a specific cytokine/chemokine and the other cell the cognate receptor, illustrating the complex cytokine milieu of the sinusoids. Both cells expressed genes and proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation, and lymphocyte co-stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support complementary and partly overlapping scavenging and immune functions of LSECs and KCs. This highlights the importance of including LSECs in studies of liver immunity, and liver clearance and toxicity of large molecule drugs and nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Bhandari
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruomei Li
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jaione Simón-Santamaría
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter McCourt
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Steinar Daae Johansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Karen Kristine Sørensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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18
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Wilkinson AL, Qurashi M, Shetty S. The Role of Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in the Axis of Inflammation and Cancer Within the Liver. Front Physiol 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 32982772 PMCID: PMC7485256 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) form a unique barrier between the liver sinusoids and the underlying parenchyma, and thus play a crucial role in maintaining metabolic and immune homeostasis, as well as actively contributing to disease pathophysiology. Whilst their endocytic and scavenging function is integral for nutrient exchange and clearance of waste products, their capillarisation and dysfunction precedes fibrogenesis. Furthermore, their ability to promote immune tolerance and recruit distinct immunosuppressive leukocyte subsets can allow persistence of chronic viral infections and facilitate tumour development. In this review, we present the immunological and barrier functions of LSEC, along with their role in orchestrating fibrotic processes which precede tumourigenesis. We also summarise the role of LSEC in modulating the tumour microenvironment, and promoting development of a pre-metastatic niche, which can drive formation of secondary liver tumours. Finally, we summarise closely inter-linked disease pathways which collectively perpetuate pathogenesis, highlighting LSEC as novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shishir Shetty
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Kim S, Subramanian V, Abdel-Latif A, Lee S. Role of Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor in Oxidative Stress-Associated Metabolic Diseases. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:186-196. [PMID: 32077785 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is an EGF family member that interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ERBB4. Since HB-EGF was first identified as a novel growth factor secreted from a human macrophage cell line, numerous pathological and physiological functions related to cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation have been reported. Notably, the expression of HB-EGF is sensitively upregulated by oxidative stress in the endothelial cells and functions for auto- and paracrine-EGFR signaling. Overnutrition and obesity cause elevation of HB-EGF expression and EGFR signaling in the hepatic and vascular systems. Modulations of HB-EGF signaling showed a series of protections against phenotypes related to metabolic syndrome and advanced metabolic diseases, suggesting HB-EGF as a potential target against metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonwook Kim
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Venkateswaran Subramanian
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sangderk Lee
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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20
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Ruiz HH, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Advanced Glycation End Products: Building on the Concept of the "Common Soil" in Metabolic Disease. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqz006. [PMID: 31638645 PMCID: PMC7188081 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in promoting and/or exacerbating metabolic dysregulation is being increasingly recognized. AGEs are formed when reducing sugars nonenzymatically bind to proteins or lipids, a process that is enhanced by hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic environments characteristic of numerous metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes, and its complications. In this mini-review, we put forth the notion that AGEs span the spectrum from cause to consequence of insulin resistance and diabetes, and represent a "common soil" underlying the pathophysiology of these metabolic disorders. Collectively, the surveyed literature suggests that AGEs, both those that form endogenously as well as exogenous AGEs derived from environmental factors such as pollution, smoking, and "Western"-style diets, contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Specifically, AGE accumulation in key metabolically relevant organs induces insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which in turn provide substrates for excess AGE formation, thus creating a feed-forward-fueled pathological loop mediating metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Ruiz
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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21
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22
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Fernando DH, Forbes JM, Angus PW, Herath CB. Development and Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5037. [PMID: 31614491 PMCID: PMC6834322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to 30% of the adult population and is now a major cause of liver disease-related premature illness and deaths in the world. Treatment is largely based on lifestyle modification, which is difficult to achieve in most patients. Progression of simple fatty liver or steatosis to its severe form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis has been explained by a 'two-hit hypothesis'. Whilst simple steatosis is considered the first hit, its transformation to NASH may be driven by a second hit. Of several factors that constitute the second hit, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are formed when reducing-sugars react with proteins or lipids, have been implicated as major candidates that drive steatosis to NASH via the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Both endogenous and processed food-derived (exogenous) AGEs can activate RAGE, mainly present on Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells, thus propagating NAFLD progression. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of NAFLD with special emphasis on the role of food-derived AGEs in NAFLD progression to NASH and liver fibrosis. Moreover, the effect of dietary manipulation to reduce AGE content in food or the therapies targeting AGE/RAGE pathway on disease progression is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinali H Fernando
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia.
| | | | - Peter W Angus
- Liver transplant unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Australia.
| | - Chandana B Herath
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia.
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23
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Allegra A, Musolino C, Pace E, Innao V, Di Salvo E, Ferraro M, Casciaro M, Spatari G, Tartarisco G, Allegra AG, Gangemi S. Evaluation of the AGE/sRAGE Axis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030055. [PMID: 30836666 PMCID: PMC6466542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycative stress influences tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the advanced glycation end products/soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (AGE/sRAGE) axis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Blood samples were taken from 19 patients affected by MM and from 16 sex-matched and age-matched healthy subjects. AGE and sRAGE axis were dosed in patients with MM and matched with controls. AGEs were measured by spectrofluorimetric methods. Blood samples for the determination of sRAGE were analyzed by ELISA. AGE levels were significantly reduced in patients with respect to controls. Instead, sRAGE was significantly elevated in patients affected by MM compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, we showed that there was a statistically significant difference in sRAGE according to the heavy and light chain. IgA lambda had significantly higher sRAGE values than IgA kappa, IgG kappa, and IgG Lambda MM patients. From our data emerges the role of the sRAGE/AGE axis in MM. Since AGE is a positive regulator of the activity of RAGE, circulating sRAGE concentrations may reflect RAGE expression and may be raised in parallel with serum AGE concentrations as a counter-system against AGE-caused tissue damage. Serum concentrations of AGE and sRAGE could therefore become potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), 98164 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Spatari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Tartarisco
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), 98164 Messina, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Hamasaki S, Kobori T, Yamazaki Y, Kitaura A, Niwa A, Nishinaka T, Nishibori M, Mori S, Nakao S, Takahashi H. Effects of scavenger receptors-1 class A stimulation on macrophage morphology and highly modified advanced glycation end product-protein phagocytosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5901. [PMID: 29651042 PMCID: PMC5897562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which comprise non-enzymatically glycosylated proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid amino groups, play an important role in several diseases and aging processes including angiopathy, renal failure, diabetic complications, and neurodegenerative diseases. Among AGE-associated phenotypes, toxic AGEs, glyceraldehyde-derived AGE-2, and glycolaldehyde-derived AGE-3 are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In addition, macrophages are reported to remove extracellular AGEs from tissues via scavenger receptors, leading to the progression of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we found that AGE-2 and AGE-3 enhanced their own endocytic uptake by RAW264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated, for the first time, the morphology of phagocytic macrophages and the endocytosis of AGE particles. The toxic AGEs induced the expression of a scavenger receptor, CD204/scavenger receptors-1 class A (SR-A). Notably, an antibody against CD204 significantly prevented toxic AGE uptake. Moreover, an SR-A antagonistic ligand, fucoidan, also attenuated the AGE-2- and AGE-3-evoked uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicated that SR-A stimulation, at least in part, plays a role in AGE uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hamasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yui Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kitaura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Atsuko Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishikawahara, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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Tsutsui A, Ogura A, Tahara T, Nozaki S, Urano S, Hara M, Kojima S, Kurbangalieva A, Onoe H, Watanabe Y, Taniguchi N, Tanaka K. In vivo imaging of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) of albumin: first observations of significantly reduced clearance and liver deposition properties in mice. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:5755-60. [PMID: 26932508 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00098c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with various diseases, especially during aging and the development of diabetes and uremia. To better understand these biological processes, investigation of the in vivo kinetics of AGEs, i.e., analysis of trafficking and clearance properties, was carried out by molecular imaging. Following the preparation of Cy7.5-labeled AGE-albumin and intravenous injection in BALB/cA-nu/nu mice, noninvasive fluorescence kinetics analysis was performed. In vivo imaging and fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that non-enzymatic AGEs were smoothly captured by scavenger cells in the liver, i.e., Kupffer and other sinusoidal cells, but were unable to be properly cleared from the body. Overall, these results highlight an important link between AGEs and various disorders associated with them, which may serve as a platform for future research to better understand the processes and mechanisms of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Tsutsui
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Ogura
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Tahara
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nozaki
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sayaka Urano
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Mitsuko Hara
- Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Almira Kurbangalieva
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. and Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia and Japan Science and Technology Agency-PRESTO, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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27
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Phagocytosis of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in Macrophages Induces Cell Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8419035. [PMID: 29430285 PMCID: PMC5752849 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8419035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the products of a series of nonenzymatic modifications of proteins by reducing sugars. AGEs play a pivotal role in development of diabetic complications and atherosclerosis. Accumulation of AGEs in a vessel wall may contribute to the development of vascular lesions. Although AGEs have a diverse range of bioactivities, the clearance process of AGEs from the extracellular space, including the incorporation of AGEs into specific cells, subcellular localization, and the fate of AGEs, remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the kinetics of the uptake of AGEs by mouse macrophage J774.1 cells in vitro and characterized the process. We demonstrated that AGEs bound to the surface of the cells and were also incorporated into the cytoplasm. The temperature- and time-dependent uptake of AGEs was saturable with AGE concentration and was inhibited by cytochalasin D but not chlorpromazine. We also observed the granule-like appearance of AGE immunoreactivity in subcellular localizations in macrophages. Higher concentrations of AGEs induced intracellular ROS and 4-HNE, which were associated with activation of the NF-κB pathway and caspase-3. These results suggest that incorporation of AGEs occurred actively by endocytosis in macrophages, leading to apoptosis of these cells through NF-κB activation.
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Ly ND, Tesch GH, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Poronnik P. Proximal tubular epithelial cells preferentially endocytose covalently-modified albumin compared to native albumin. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 24:121-126. [PMID: 29240283 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Albumin can be covalently modified at surface lysine residues and thus the circulation contains a mixture of native albumin (i.e. not modified) and albumin with varying degrees of modification. Uptake and lysosomal degradation of glomerular filtered albumin by proximal tubular cells via the megalin scavenger receptor is considered an important mechanism to limit albumin loss in the urine. However, whether this is a general mechanism of tubular uptake of albumin or if this is restricted to modified albumin is unknown. To address this question, we investigated the uptake of modified versus native albumin by proximal tubular cells. METHODS A well-characterized proximal tubular cell model of albumin uptake was used to compare the uptake of modified albumin (covalent labelling of lysine residues with fluorescent probes) to that of native recombinant human albumin (rHA) labelled with 14 C during protein synthesis (14 C-rHA). RESULTS Opossum kidney (OK) cells showed significant uptake of fluorescence-labelled albumin via an endocytosis mechanism. This uptake was inhibited by an equimolar ratio of different types of covalently modified albumin; however, purified bovine serum albumin and rHA failed to compete with the uptake of fluorescence-labelled albumin. In contrast, OK cells failed to endocytose native 14 C-rHA despite efficiently endocytosing covalently modified rHA. CONCLUSION Our studies show that OK cells preferentially endocytose covalently-modified albumin compared to native albumin. This apparent selectivity of the megalin scavenger receptor complex suggests a specific role for this pathway in the removal of modified albumin from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Dk Ly
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg H Tesch
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Poronnik
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ford AJ, Rajagopalan P. Extracellular matrix remodeling in 3D: implications in tissue homeostasis and disease progression. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10:e1503. [PMID: 29171177 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in regulating cell behavior during tissue homeostasis and in disease progression. Through a combination of adhesion, contraction, alignment of ECM proteins and subsequent degradation, cells change the chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of their surrounding matrix. Other contributing factors to matrix remodeling are the de novo synthesis of ECM proteins, post-translational modifications and receptor-mediated internalization. In this review, we highlight how each of these processes contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis and in disease conditions such as cancer and liver fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,ICTAS Center for Systems Biology of Engineered Tissues, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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30
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Zhuang A, Yap FY, Bruce C, Leung C, Plan MR, Sullivan MA, Herath C, McCarthy D, Sourris KC, Kantharidis P, Coughlan MT, Febbraio MA, Hodson MP, Watt MJ, Angus P, Schulz BL, Forbes JM. Increased liver AGEs induce hepatic injury mediated through an OST48 pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12292. [PMID: 28947796 PMCID: PMC5612946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein oligosaccharyltransferase-48 (OST48) is integral to protein N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but is also postulated to act as a membrane localised clearance receptor for advanced glycation end-products (AGE). Hepatic ER stress and AGE accumulation are each implicated in liver injury. Hence the objective of this study was to increase the expression of OST48 and examine the effects on hepatic function and structure. Groups of 8 week old male mice (n = 10-12/group) over-expressing the gene for OST48, dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase (DDOST+/-), were followed for 24 weeks, while randomised to diets either low or high in AGE content. By week 24 of the study, either increasing OST48 expression or consumption of high AGE diet impaired liver function and modestly increased hepatic fibrosis, but their combination significantly exacerbated liver injury in the absence of steatosis. DDOST+/- mice had increased both portal delivery and accumulation of hepatic AGEs leading to central adiposity, insulin secretory defects, shifted fuel usage to fatty and ketoacids, as well as hepatic glycogen accumulation causing hepatomegaly along with hepatic ER and oxidative stress. This study revealed a novel role of the OST48 and AGE axis in hepatic injury through ER stress, changes in fuel utilisation and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aowen Zhuang
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Felicia Yt Yap
- Diabetic Complications Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Central and Eastern Clinical School, AMREP Precinct, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Clinton Bruce
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Chris Leung
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Manuel R Plan
- Metabolomics Australia, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Chandana Herath
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Domenica McCarthy
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Karly C Sourris
- Diabetic Complications Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Central and Eastern Clinical School, AMREP Precinct, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Diabetic Complications Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Diabetic Complications Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Central and Eastern Clinical School, AMREP Precinct, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Diabetic Complications Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark P Hodson
- Metabolomics Australia, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Biomedicine Discovery Program and the Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter Angus
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia.
- Mater Clinical School, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
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31
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Advanced glycation products’ levels and mechanical properties of vaginal tissue in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 214:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pereira ENGDS, Silvares RR, Flores EEI, Rodrigues KL, Ramos IP, da Silva IJ, Machado MP, Miranda RA, Pazos-Moura CC, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Faria-Neto HCDC, Tibiriça E, Daliry A. Hepatic microvascular dysfunction and increased advanced glycation end products are components of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628674 PMCID: PMC5476253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS In Wistar rats, NAFLD model was induced by 20 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Rolling and adhesion of leukocytes and tissue perfusion in hepatic microcirculation were examined using in vivo microscopic and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), respectively. Oxidative stress and inflamatory parameters were analysed by TBARs, catalase enzyme activity, RT-PCR and ELISA. The participation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and its receptor RAGE was evaluated by the measurement of gene and protein expression of RAGE by RT-PCR and Western-blot, respectively and by liver and serum quantification of fluorescent AGEs. RESULTS Wistar rats fed high-fat diet (HFD) showed increase in epididymal and abdominal fat content, systolic arterial blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol, and impairment of glucose and insulin metabolisms. Liver histology confirmed the presence of steatosis and ultrasound analysis revealed increased liver size and parenchymal echogenicity in HFD-fed rats. HFD causes significant increases in leukocyte rolling and adhesion on hepatic microcirculation and decrease in liver microvascular blood flow. Liver tissue presented increase in oxidative stress and inflammtion. At 20 weeks, there was a significantly increase in AGE content in the liver and serum of HFD-fed rats and an increase in RAGE gene expression in the liver. CONCLUSION The increase in liver AGE levels and microcirculatory disturbances could play a role in the pathogenesis of liver injury and are key components of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Rangel Silvares
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- Laboratory of Celular and Molecular Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bio-imaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Igor José da Silva
- Laboratory of Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Tibiriça
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver has a number of functions in innate immunity. These functions predispose the liver to innate immune-mediated liver injury when inflammation goes unchecked. Significant progress has been made in the last 25 years on sterile inflammatory liver injury in a number of models; however, a great deal of controversy and many questions about the nature of sterile inflammation still exist. AIM The goal of this article is to review sterile inflammatory liver injury using both a basic approach to what constitutes the inflammatory injury, and through examination of current models of liver injury and inflammation. This information will be tied to human patient conditions when appropriate. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Inflammation is one of the most critical factors for managing in-patient liver disease in a number of scenarios. More information is needed for both scientists and clinicians to develop rational treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Luo C, Chen S, Xu N, Sai WB, Zhao W, Li YC, Hu XJ, Tian H, Gao XD, Yao WB. Establishment of a fluorescence-based method to evaluate endocytosis of desialylated glycoproteins in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:87-94. [PMID: 28095357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sialylation can result in rapid clearance of therapeutic glycoproteins by intracellular degradation, which is mainly mediated by asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) on hepatic cells. In contrast, for glycoproteins, a long half-life is often related to high level of terminal sialic acid. These could be extremely important for insufficient sialylated biomedicines in clinic, and development of therapeutic glycoproteins in laboratory. However, how the desialylated glycoproteins are removed and how to evaluate the ASGPRs mediated endocytosis in vitro needs further investigate. Herein we described an integrative characterization of ASGPRs in vitro to elucidate its endocytosis properties. The endocytosis was determined by a fluorescence-based quantization method. The results showed that the ASGPRs could bind to poorly sialylated glycoproteins including asialofetuin and low sialylated recombinant Factor VIIa with a relatively higher ASGPRs binding affinity, and induce a more rapid endocytosis in vitro. Moreover, the mechanism under the internalization of ASGPRs was also investigated, which was found to depend on clathrin and caveolin. Utilizing the relative fluorescence quantification can be suitable for measurement of insufficient sialylated glycoprotein endocytosis and quality control of therapeutic glycoproteins, which could be useful for the understanding of the development of therapeutic glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Song Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Na Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wen Bo Sai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Ying Chun Li
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xiao Jing Hu
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Hong Tian
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xiang Dong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China.
| | - Wen Bing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China.
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Tai CJ, Choong CY, Lin YC, Shi YC, Tai CJ. The anti-hepatic fibrosis activity of ergosterol depended on upregulation of PPARgamma in HSC-T6 cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:1915-23. [PMID: 27040153 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00117c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) were shown to play an important role in metabolic syndrome and were suggested to contribute to the development of hepatic fibrosis. Evidence indicates that AGEs resulted in hepatic fibrosis coupled to the activation of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). NADPH oxidase is downstream of the RAGE signaling pathway, resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), RAGE, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of ergosterol on RAGE signaling in HSC-T6 cells. Ergosterol suppressed the activation of HSC-T6 cells induced by AGEs, and attenuated overexpressions of alpha-SMA, MMP-9, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including N-cadherin and vimentin. We also found that these inhibitory effects of ergosterol on the activation of HSCs were dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) confirmed by PPARgamma reporter assay and PPARgamma knockdown. In addition, ergosterol also showed an inhibitory effect on the generation of AGEs, fructosamine, and α-dicarbonyl compounds in this study. Our results show that ergosterol can be used as a protective agent against hepatic fibrosis caused by induction of AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jei Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan and Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yen Choong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Ching Shi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medicine University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. and Taiwan Indigena Botanica Co., Ltd, Taipei City 11494, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jeng Tai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medicine University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Abstract
Advanced glycation end products constitute a complex group of compounds derived from the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids formed endogenously, but also from exogenous supplies such as tobacco smoking (glycotoxins). Accumulating evidence underlies the beneficial effect of the dietary restriction of glycotoxins in animal studies and also in patients with diabetic complications and metabolic diseases. Composition of infant formulas and their processing methods render an extraordinary favorable milieu for the formation of glycotoxins, and the content of glycotoxins in infant formula exceeds that of breast milk by hundred folds. Data from a limited number of short-term small studies in healthy infants do not provide direct evidence of acute negative health effects of glycotoxins in early infancy. However, the effects in sensitive groups on the state of future health in adulthood remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Kutlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Division of Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Ward WO, Ledbetter AD, Schladweiler MC, Kodavanti UP. Lung transcriptional profiling: insights into the mechanisms of ozone-induced pulmonary injury in Wistar Kyoto rats. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 27 Suppl 1:80-92. [PMID: 26667333 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.954172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute ozone-induced pulmonary injury and inflammation are well characterized in rats; however, mechanistic understanding of the pathways involved is limited. We hypothesized that acute exposure of healthy rats to ozone will cause transcriptional alterations, and comprehensive analysis of these changes will allow us to better understand the mechanism of pulmonary injury and inflammation. Male Wistar Kyoto rats (10-12 week) were exposed to air, or ozone (0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 ppm) for 4 h and pulmonary injury and inflammation were assessed at 0-h or 20-h (n = 8/group). Lung gene expression profiling was assessed at 0-h (air and 1.0 ppm ozone, n = 3-4/group). At 20-h bronchoalveolar lavage, fluid protein and neutrophils increased at 1 ppm ozone. Numerous genes involved in acute inflammatory response were up-regulated along with changes in genes involved in cell adhesion and migration, steroid metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle control and cell growth. A number of NRF2 target genes were also induced after ozone exposure. Based on expression changes, Rela, SP1 and TP3-mediated signaling were identified to be mediating downstream changes. Remarkable changes in the processes of endocytosis provide the insight that ozone-induced lung injury and inflammation are likely initiated by changes in cell membrane components and receptors likely from oxidatively modified lung lining lipids and proteins. In conclusion, ozone-induced injury and inflammation are preceded by changes in gene targets for cell adhesion/migration, apoptosis, cell cycle control and growth regulated by Rela, SP1 and TP53, likely mediated by the process of endocytosis and altered steroid receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- b Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- b Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- b Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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38
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Musso G, Cassader M, Gambino R. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: emerging molecular targets and therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:249-74. [PMID: 26794269 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - the most common chronic liver disease - encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Over the next decade, NASH is projected to be the most common indication for liver transplantation. The absence of an effective pharmacological therapy for NASH is a major incentive for research into novel therapeutic approaches for this condition. The current focus areas for research include the modulation of nuclear transcription factors; agents that target lipotoxicity and oxidative stress; and the modulation of cellular energy homeostasis, metabolism and the inflammatory response. Strategies to enhance resolution of inflammation and fibrosis also show promise to reverse the advanced stages of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Gradenigo Hospital, Corso Regina Margherita 8, 10132 Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
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39
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Li J, Gao J, Jiang M, Chen J, Liu Z, Chen P, Liang S. Rat liver sinusoidal surface N-linked glycoproteomic analysis by affinity enrichment and mass spectrometric identification. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:260-75. [PMID: 25761681 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation in liver is one of the most biologically important protein modifications. It plays critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes by virtue of its unique location at the blood-tissue interface, including angiogenesis, liver cancer, cirrhosis, and fibrosis. To analyze glycosylation of plasma membrane proteins in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), N-glycopeptides of the LSEC surface were enriched using a filter-assisted sample preparation-based lectin affinity capture method and subsequently identified with mass spectrometry. In total, 225 unique N-glycosylation sites on 152 glycoproteins were identified, of which 119 (53%) sites had not previously been determined experimentally. Among the glycoproteins, 53% were classified as plasma membrane proteins and 47 (31%) as signaling proteins and receptors. Moreover, 23 cluster of differentiation antigens with 49 glycopeptides were detected within the membrane glycoproteins of the liver sinusoidal surface. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed that the majority of identified glycoproteins have an impact on processes of LSEC. Therefore, N-glycoproteomic analysis of the liver sinusoidal surface may provide useful information on liver regeneration and facilitate liver disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China.
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Sørensen KK, Simon‐Santamaria J, McCuskey RS, Smedsrød B. Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1751-74. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mashitah MW, Azizah N, Samsu N, Indra MR, Bilal M, Yunisa MV, Arisanti AD. Immunization of AGE-modified albumin inhibits diabetic nephropathy progression in diabetic mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2015; 8:347-55. [PMID: 26346342 PMCID: PMC4531026 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s86332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious vascular complication of diabetes and an important cause of end-stage renal disease. One mechanism by which hyperglycemia causes nephropathy is through the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). Development of vaccination would be a promising therapy for the future, while to date, anti-AGE therapy is based on medicines that are needed to be consumed lifelong. This study aimed to find out the effect of immunization of AGE-modified albumin against DN pathogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic in mice. METHODS We used 24 BALB/c male mice as experimental animals, which were divided into six groups, two nondiabetic groups (negative control and AGE-modified bovine serum albumin [BSA] preimmunized groups) and four streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups (diabetic control group and diabetic preimmunized groups for AGE-BSA, Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and AGE-BSA-KLH, respectively). RESULTS Diabetic preimmunized groups for AGE-BSA, KLH, and AGE-BSA-KLH showed amelioration in renal function and histopathology compared with the diabetic control group. Preimmunization also maintained nephrin intensity and decreased serum AGE level, kidney AGE deposition, and kidney cells apoptosis. CONCLUSION AGE-BSA and AGE-BSA-KLH immunizations inhibit the progression of DN. Our results strengthen the evidence that the anti-AGE antibodies have a protective role against diabetic vascular complication, especially DN. This study provides a basis for the development of DN-based immunotherapy with AGE immunization as a potential candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurona Azizah
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nur Samsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Rasjad Indra
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Meti Verdian Yunisa
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Amildya Dwi Arisanti
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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42
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DeLeve LD. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in hepatic fibrosis. Hepatology 2015; 61:1740-6. [PMID: 25131509 PMCID: PMC4333127 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillarization, lack of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) fenestration, and formation of an organized basement membrane not only precedes fibrosis, but is also permissive for hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis. Thus, dysregulation of the LSEC phenotype is a critical step in the fibrotic process. Both a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated, nitric oxide (NO)-independent pathway and a VEGF-stimulated NO-dependent pathway are necessary to maintain the differentiated LSEC phenotype. The NO-dependent pathway is impaired in capillarization and activation of this pathway downstream from NO restores LSEC differentiation in vivo. Restoration of LSEC differentiation in vivo promotes HSC quiescence, enhances regression of fibrosis, and prevents progression of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie D. DeLeve
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and the USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA
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43
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Palimeri S, Palioura E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Current perspectives on the health risks associated with the consumption of advanced glycation end products: recommendations for dietary management. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2015; 8:415-26. [PMID: 26366100 PMCID: PMC4562717 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s63089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) constitute a complex group of compounds produced endogenously during the aging process and under conditions of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. AGEs also have an emerging exogenous origin. Cigarette smoke and diet are the two main exogenous sources of AGEs (glycotoxins). Modern Western diets are rich in AGEs which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several metabolic and degenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence underlies the beneficial effect of the dietary restriction of AGEs not only in animal studies but also in patients with diabetic complications and metabolic diseases. This article reviews the evidence linking dietary glycotoxins to several disorders from diabetic complications and renal failure to liver dysfunction, female reproduction, eye and cognitive disorders as well as cancer. Furthermore, strategies for AGE reduction are discussed with a focus on dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Palimeri
- Endocrine Unit, Medical School University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Palioura
- Endocrine Unit, Medical School University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Endocrine Unit, Medical School University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis, Endocrine Unit, Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece, Email
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44
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Simon-Santamaria J, Rinaldo CH, Kardas P, Li R, Malovic I, Elvevold K, McCourt P, Smedsrød B, Hirsch HH, Sørensen KK. Efficient uptake of blood-borne BK and JC polyomavirus-like particles in endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and renal vasa recta. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111762. [PMID: 25375646 PMCID: PMC4222947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are specialized scavenger cells that mediate high-capacity clearance of soluble waste macromolecules and colloid material, including blood-borne adenovirus. To explore if LSECs function as a sink for other viruses in blood, we studied the fate of virus-like particles (VLPs) of two ubiquitous human DNA viruses, BK and JC polyomavirus, in mice. Like complete virions, VLPs specifically bind to receptors and enter cells, but unlike complete virions, they cannot replicate. 125I-labeled VLPs were used to assess blood decay, organ-, and hepatocellular distribution of ligand, and non-labeled VLPs to examine cellular uptake by immunohisto- and -cytochemistry. BK- and JC-VLPs rapidly distributed to liver, with lesser uptake in kidney and spleen. Liver uptake was predominantly in LSECs. Blood half-life (∼1 min), and tissue distribution of JC-VLPs and two JC-VLP-mutants (L55F and S269F) that lack sialic acid binding affinity, were similar, indicating involvement of non-sialic acid receptors in cellular uptake. Liver uptake was not mediated by scavenger receptors. In spleen, the VLPs localized to the red pulp marginal zone reticuloendothelium, and in kidney to the endothelial lining of vasa recta segments, and the transitional epithelium of renal pelvis. Most VLP-positive vessels in renal medulla did not express PV-1/Meca 32, suggesting location to the non-fenestrated part of vasa recta. The endothelial cells of these vessels also efficiently endocytosed a scavenger receptor ligand, formaldehyde-denatured albumin, suggesting high endocytic activity compared to other renal endothelia. We conclude that LSECs very effectively cleared a large fraction of blood-borne BK- and JC-VLPs, indicating a central role of these cells in early removal of polyomavirus from the circulation. In addition, we report the novel finding that a subpopulation of endothelial cells in kidney, the main organ of polyomavirus persistence, showed selective and rapid uptake of VLPs, suggesting a role in viremic organ tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Hanssen Rinaldo
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Piotr Kardas
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruomei Li
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ivana Malovic
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil Elvevold
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter McCourt
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hans H. Hirsch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Kristine Sørensen
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
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45
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Pugliese G, Iacobini C, Pesce CM, Menini S. Galectin-3: an emerging all-out player in metabolic disorders and their complications. Glycobiology 2014; 25:136-50. [PMID: 25303959 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 has been increasingly recognized as an important modulator of several biological functions, by interacting with several molecules inside and outside the cell, and an emerging player in numerous disease conditions. Galectin-3 exerts various and sometimes contrasting effects according to its location, type of injury or site of damage. Strong evidence indicates that galectin-3 participates in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications via its receptor function for advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs). AGEs/ALEs are produced to an increased extent in target organs of complications, such as kidney and vessels; here, lack of galectin-3 impairs their removal, leading to accelerated damage. In contrast, in the liver, AGE/ALE tissue content and injury are decreased, because lack of galectin-3 results in reduced uptake and tissue accumulation of these by-products. Some of these effects can be explained by changes in the expression of receptor for AGEs (RAGE), associated with galectin-3 deletion and consequent changes in AGE/ALE tissue levels. Furthermore, galectin-3 might exert AGE/ALE- and RAGE-independent effects, favoring resolution of inflammation and modulating fibrogenesis and ectopic osteogenesis. These effects are mediated by intracellular and extracellular galectin-3, the latter via interaction with N-glycans at the cell surface to form lattice structures. Recently, galectin-3 has been implicated in the development of metabolic disorders because it favors glucose homeostasis and prevents the deleterious activation of adaptive and innate immune response to obesogenic/diabetogenic stimuli. In conclusion, galectin-3 is an emerging all-out player in metabolic disorders and their complications that deserves further investigation as the potential target of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Carlo M Pesce
- DINOGMI, University of Genoa Medical School, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
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46
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Emerging role of advanced glycation-end products (AGEs) in the pathobiology of eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 42:85-102. [PMID: 24905859 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in vision loss associated with macula degeneration, cataract formation, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This pathogenic potential is mainly attributed to their accumulation in ocular tissues where they mediate aberrant crosslinking of extracellular matrix proteins and disruption of endothelial junctional complexes that affects cell permeability, mediates angiogenesis and breakdown of the inner blood-retinal barrier. Furthermore, AGEs severely affect cellular metabolism by disrupting ATP production, enhancing oxidative stress and modulating gene expression of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory genes. Elucidation of AGE-induced mechanisms of action in different eye compartments will help in the understanding of the complex cellular and molecular processes associated with eye diseases. Several pharmaceutical agents with anti-glycating and anti-oxidant properties as well as AGE crosslink 'breakers' have been currently applied to eye diseases. The role of diet and the beneficial effects of certain nutriceuticals provide an alternative way to manage chronic visual disorders that affect the quality of life of millions of people.
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47
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Curcumin eliminates the effect of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on the divergent regulation of gene expression of receptors of AGEs by interrupting leptin signaling. J Transl Med 2014; 94:503-16. [PMID: 24614199 PMCID: PMC4006284 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major risk factor for hepatic fibrogenesis. NASH is often found in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia induces non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, yielding advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Effects of AGEs are mainly mediated by two categories of cytoplasmic membrane receptors. Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas AGE receptor-1 (AGE-R1) is involved in detoxification and clearance of AGEs. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is crucial to the development of hepatic fibrosis. We recently reported that AGEs stimulated HSC activation likely by inhibiting gene expression of AGE-R1 and inducing gene expression of RAGE in HSC, which were eliminated by the antioxidant curcumin. This study is to test our hypothesis that curcumin eliminates the effects of AGEs on the divergent regulation of the two receptors of AGEs in HSC by interrupting the AGE-caused activation of leptin signaling, leading to the inhibition of HSC activation. We observed herein that AGEs activated leptin signaling by inducing gene expression of leptin and its receptor in HSC. Like AGEs, leptin differentially regulated gene expression of RAGE and AGE-R1. Curcumin eliminated the effects of AGEs in HSC by interrupting leptin signaling and activating transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), leading to the elevation of cellular glutathione and the attenuation of oxidative stress. In conclusions, curcumin eliminated the effects of AGEs on the divergent regulation of gene expression of RAGE and AGE-R1 in HSC by interrupting the AGE-caused activation of leptin signaling, leading to the inhibition of HSC activation.
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48
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Stirban A, Gawlowski T, Roden M. Vascular effects of advanced glycation endproducts: Clinical effects and molecular mechanisms. Mol Metab 2013; 3:94-108. [PMID: 24634815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced generation and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) have been linked to increased risk for macrovascular and microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. AGEs result from the nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, potentially altering their function by disrupting molecular conformation, promoting cross-linking, altering enzyme activity, reducing their clearance, and impairing receptor recognition. AGEs may also activate specific receptors, like the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), which is present on the surface of all cells relevant to atherosclerotic processes, triggering oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of AGEs is paramount to develop strategies against diabetic and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Stirban
- Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH, Hellersbergstrasse 9, 41460 Neuss, Germany
| | - Thomas Gawlowski
- University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany ; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Clinics Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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49
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Lee BH, Hsu WH, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Suppression of dimerumic acid on hepatic fibrosis caused from carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) by attenuating oxidative stress depends on Nrf2 activation in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:413-9. [PMID: 24036144 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia facilitates the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in type-2 diabetes. Evidence indicates that carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) is highly prevalent in diabetes, resulting in hepatic fibrosis. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of dimerumic acid (DMA) identified from Monascus-fermented products on receptor for AGEs (RAGE) signal and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation by CML treatment. We found that DMA (50 μM) eliminated collagen generation, mRNA expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor (PDGF-βR), and procollagen 1a1 (proCol-1a1) in CML (100 μg/ml)-treated HSCs, and these effects were similar to allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; 50 μM). In addition, the suppression of α-SMA, PDGF-βR, proCol-1a1 by DMA were abolished while nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) silence in CML-treated HSCs. These findings suggested that DMA and AITC increased Nrf2 and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activities thereby inhibiting oxidative stress caused by CML and showing anti-fibrogentic effect in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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50
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Genevieve M, Vivot A, Gonzalez C, Raffaitin C, Barberger-Gateau P, Gin H, Rigalleau V. Skin autofluorescence is associated with past glycaemic control and complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2013; 39:349-54. [PMID: 23643347 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As skin autofluorescence (AF) can assess subcutaneous accumulation of fluorescent advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), this study aimed to investigate whether it was linked to glycaemic control and complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Using the AGE Reader™, AF was measured in T1DM patients referred to Haut-Levêque Hospital (Bordeaux, France); data on their HbA1c levels measured every 6months as far back as the last 5years were also collected. The association of AF with the patients' past glucose control, based on their latest HbA1c values, and the means of the last five and 10 HbA1c values, and with diabetic complications was also examined by linear regression analysis. The sample included 300 patients: 58% were male; the mean age was 49 (SD 17) years and the mean diabetes duration was 21 (SD 13) years. The median skin AF measurement was 2.0 [25th-75th percentiles: 1.7-2.4] arbitrary units (AU), and this was associated with age (β=0.15 per 10years, P<0.001) and diabetes duration (β=0.17 per 10years, P<0.001). After adjusting for age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the skin AF measurement was also related to the means of the last five and 10 HbA1c values (β=0.10 per 1% of HbA1c, P=0.005, and β=0.13 per 1% of HbA1c, P=0.001, respectively). In addition, the skin AF was associated with retinopathy (P<0.001), albuminuria (P<0.001) and decreased eGFR (P<0.001). In conclusion, the skin AF is related to the long-term glucose control and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Genevieve
- Nutrition-Diabétologie, Bordeaux hospital, 33600 Pessac, France; Université Bordeaux Segalen, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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