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Ning Z, Liu K, Xiong H. CD39 is induced by nutrient deprivation in colorectal cancer cells and contributes to the tolerance to hypoxia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150367. [PMID: 38991255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Rapid tumor growth and insufficient blood supply leads to the development of a hypoxic and nutrient deprived microenvironment. To survive, tumor cells need to tolerate these adverse conditions. Here we found the expression of CD39 was enhanced in necrotic regions distant from blood vessels. We speculate that this is a strategy for tumor cells to actively adapt to the hostile environment. Further studies showed that CD39 was induced by nutrient deprivation through the AMPK signalling pathway. We next explored the significance of CD39 for tumor cells. Our results showed that CD39 reduced cellular oxygen consumption, which could be significant for tumor cells if the available oxygen is limited. Metabolomics analysis showed that overexpression of CD39 significantly altered cellular metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was identified as the most impacted metabolic pathway. In order to explore the molecular mechanism, we performed RNA-seq analysis. The results showed that CD39 significantly up-regulated the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 2 (PDK2), thus inhibiting the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and TCA cycle. Finally, CD39 was shown to protect tumor cells from hypoxia-induced cell death and reduce intratumoral hypoxia levels. CD39 has attracted a great deal of attention as a newly discovered immune checkpoint molecule in recent years. Our results indicate that CD39 not only plays a role in immune regulation, but also enables tumor cells to tolerate hypoxia by inhibiting TCA cycle and reducing cellular oxygen consumption. This study provides evidence that targeting CD39 may be a novel strategy to prevent adaptation of tumor cells in stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Ning
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Keyan Liu
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
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2
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Wang H, Sun J, Sun H, Wang Y, Lin B, Wu L, Qin W, Zhu Q, Yi W. The OGT-c-Myc-PDK2 axis rewires the TCA cycle and promotes colorectal tumor growth. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:1157-1169. [PMID: 38778217 PMCID: PMC11369260 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deregulated glucose metabolism termed the "Warburg effect" is a fundamental feature of cancers, including the colorectal cancer. This is typically characterized with an increased rate of glycolysis, and a concomitant reduced rate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism as compared to the normal cells. How the TCA cycle is manipulated in cancer cells remains unknown. Here, we show that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulates the TCA cycle in colorectal cancer cells. Depletion of OGT, the sole transferase of O-GlcNAc, significantly increases the TCA cycle metabolism in colorectal cancer cells. Mechanistically, OGT-catalyzed O-GlcNAc modification of c-Myc at serine 415 (S415) increases c-Myc stability, which transcriptionally upregulates the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2). PDK2 phosphorylates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) to inhibit the activity of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which reduces mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism, suppresses reactive oxygen species production, and promotes xenograft tumor growth. Furthermore, c-Myc S415 glycosylation levels positively correlate with PDK2 expression levels in clinical colorectal tumor tissues. This study highlights the OGT-c-Myc-PDK2 axis as a key mechanism linking oncoprotein activation with deregulated glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haofan Sun
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bingyi Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Wen Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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3
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Kociper B, Škorja Milić N, Ogrizek I, Miš K, Pirkmajer S. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system reduces the abundance of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 in cultured myotubes. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024; 45:155-169. [PMID: 39080182 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-024-09679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which phosphorylates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, regulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. PDK1, an isozyme whose expression is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), is thought to play a role in muscle adaptation to hypoxia. While transcriptional upregulation of PDK1 by HIF-1α is well characterised, mechanisms controlling proteolysis of PDK1 in skeletal muscle have not been thoroughly investigated. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 paradoxically reduced the abundance of PDK1 in human cancer cells and rat L6 myotubes, suggesting that MG132 might direct PDK1 towards autophagic degradation. The objectives of our current study were to determine (1) whether MG132 suppresses PDK1 levels in primary human myotubes, (2) whether chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, prevents MG132-induced suppression of PDK1 in L6 myotubes, and (3) whether PYR-41, an inhibitor of ubiquitination, suppresses PDK1 in L6 myotubes. Using qPCR and/or immunoblotting, we found that despite markedly upregulating HIF-1α protein, MG132 did not alter the PDK1 expression in cultured primary human myotubes, while it suppressed both PDK1 mRNA and protein in L6 myotubes. The PDK1 levels in L6 myotubes were suppressed also during co-treatment with chloroquine and MG132. PYR-41 markedly increased the abundance of HIF-1α in primary human and L6 myotubes, while reducing the abundance of PDK1. In L6 myotubes treated with PYR-41, chloroquine increased the abundance of the epidermal growth factor receptor, but did not prevent the suppression of PDK1. Collectively, our results suggest that cultured myotubes degrade PDK1 via a pathway that cannot be inhibited by MG132, PYR-41, and/or chloroquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Kociper
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Nives Škorja Milić
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Ogrizek
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Miš
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
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4
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Chen T, Xie Q, Tan B, Yi Q, Xiang H, Wang R, Zhou Q, He B, Tian J, Zhu J, Xu H. Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Protects Cardiomyocytes from lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mitochondrial Damage by Reducing Lactate Accumulation. Inflammation 2024; 47:1356-1370. [PMID: 38401019 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered one of the major pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a key regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, is essential for maintaining mitochondrial function. However, its specific role in SIC remains unclear. To investigate this, we established an in vitro model of septic cardiomyopathy using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Our study revealed a significant increase in PDK4 expression in LPS-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Inhibiting PDK4 with dichloroacetic acid (DCA) improved cell survival, reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and calcium overload, and restored mitochondrial structure and respiratory capacity while decreasing lactate accumulation. Similarly, Oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, exhibited similar effects to DCA in LPS-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes. To further validate whether PDK4 causes cardiomyocyte and mitochondrial damage in SIC by promoting lactate production, we upregulated PDK4 expression using PDK4-overexpressing lentivirus in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. This resulted in elevated lactate levels, impaired mitochondrial structure, and reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity. However, inhibiting lactate production reversed the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by PDK4 upregulation. In conclusion, our study highlights the pathogenic role of PDK4 in LPS-induced cardiomyocyte and mitochondrial damage by promoting lactate production. Therefore, targeting PDK4 and its downstream product lactate may serve as promising therapeutic approaches for treating SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangtian Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiumin Xie
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Han Xiang
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Bolin He
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Elnwasany A, Ewida HA, Menendez-Montes I, Mizerska M, Fu X, Kim CW, Horton JD, Burgess SC, Rothermel BA, Szweda PA, Szweda LI. Reciprocal regulation of cardiac β-oxidation and pyruvate dehydrogenase by insulin. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107412. [PMID: 38796064 PMCID: PMC11231754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The heart alters the rate and relative oxidation of fatty acids and glucose based on availability and energetic demand. Insulin plays a crucial role in this process diminishing fatty acid and increasing glucose oxidation when glucose availability increases. Loss of insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility can result in cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to identify mechanisms by which insulin regulates substrate utilization in the heart. Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is the key regulatory site for the oxidation of glucose for ATP production. Nevertheless, the impact of insulin on PDH activity has not been fully delineated, particularly in the heart. We sought in vivo evidence that insulin stimulates cardiac PDH and that this process is driven by the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Mice injected with insulin exhibited dephosphorylation and activation of cardiac PDH. This was accompanied by an increase in the content of malonyl-CoA, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and, thus, mitochondrial import of fatty acids. Administration of the CPT1 inhibitor oxfenicine was sufficient to activate PDH. Malonyl-CoA is produced by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Pharmacologic inhibition or knockout of cardiac ACC diminished insulin-dependent production of malonyl-CoA and activation of PDH. Finally, circulating insulin and cardiac glucose utilization exhibit daily rhythms reflective of nutritional status. We demonstrate that time-of-day-dependent changes in PDH activity are mediated, in part, by ACC-dependent production of malonyl-CoA. Thus, by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation, insulin reciprocally activates PDH. These studies identify potential molecular targets to promote cardiac glucose oxidation and treat heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Elnwasany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Heba A Ewida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Monika Mizerska
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela A Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Luke I Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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6
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Koltai T, Fliegel L. Dichloroacetate for Cancer Treatment: Some Facts and Many Doubts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:744. [PMID: 38931411 PMCID: PMC11206832 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rarely has a chemical elicited as much controversy as dichloroacetate (DCA). DCA was initially considered a dangerous toxic industrial waste product, then a potential treatment for lactic acidosis. However, the main controversies started in 2008 when DCA was found to have anti-cancer effects on experimental animals. These publications showed contradictory results in vivo and in vitro such that a thorough consideration of this compound's in cancer is merited. Despite 50 years of experimentation, DCA's future in therapeutics is uncertain. Without adequate clinical trials and health authorities' approval, DCA has been introduced in off-label cancer treatments in alternative medicine clinics in Canada, Germany, and other European countries. The lack of well-planned clinical trials and its use by people without medical training has discouraged consideration by the scientific community. There are few thorough clinical studies of DCA, and many publications are individual case reports. Case reports of DCA's benefits against cancer have been increasing recently. Furthermore, it has been shown that DCA synergizes with conventional treatments and other repurposable drugs. Beyond the classic DCA target, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, new target molecules have also been recently discovered. These findings have renewed interest in DCA. This paper explores whether existing evidence justifies further research on DCA for cancer treatment and it explores the role DCA may play in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 2199, Argentina
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
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Marsh NM, MacEwen MJS, Chea J, Kenerson HL, Kwong AA, Locke TM, Miralles FJ, Sapre T, Gozali N, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Ong SE, Scott JD, Yeung RS, Sancak Y. Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling Regulates Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism in Fibrolamellar Carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.27.596106. [PMID: 38853984 PMCID: PMC11160645 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.596106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations in response to changes in energy supply and demand are essential for survival. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter coordinates metabolic homeostasis by regulating TCA cycle activation, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and cellular calcium signaling. However, a comprehensive analysis of uniporter-regulated mitochondrial metabolic pathways has remained unexplored. Here, we investigate the metabolic consequences of uniporter loss- and gain-of-function, and identify a key transcriptional regulator that mediates these effects. Using gene expression profiling and proteomic, we find that loss of uniporter function increases the expression of proteins in the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism pathway. Activity is further augmented through phosphorylation of the enzyme that catalyzes this pathway's committed step. Conversely, in the liver cancer fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC)-which we demonstrate to have high mitochondrial calcium levels- expression of BCAA catabolism enzymes is suppressed. We also observe uniporter-dependent suppression of the transcription factor KLF15, a master regulator of liver metabolic gene expression, including those involved in BCAA catabolism. Notably, loss of uniporter activity upregulates KLF15, along with its transcriptional target ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), a component of the urea cycle, suggesting that uniporter hyperactivation may contribute to the hyperammonemia observed in FLC patients. Collectively, we establish that FLC has increased mitochondrial calcium levels, and identify an important role for mitochondrial calcium signaling in metabolic adaptation through the transcriptional regulation of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Marsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Melissa J S MacEwen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jane Chea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Albert A Kwong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Timothy M Locke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Tanmay Sapre
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Natasha Gozali
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - G Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yasemin Sancak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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8
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Miquel E, Villarino R, Martínez-Palma L, Cassina A, Cassina P. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 knockdown restores the ability of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked SOD1G93A rat astrocytes to support motor neuron survival by increasing mitochondrial respiration. Glia 2024; 72:999-1011. [PMID: 38372421 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) degeneration. Various studies using cellular and animal models of ALS indicate that there is a complex interplay between MN and neighboring non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes, resulting in noncell autonomous neurodegeneration. Astrocytes in ALS exhibit a lower ability to support MN survival than nondisease-associated ones, which is strongly correlated with low-mitochondrial respiratory activity. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) led to an increase in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway as the primary source of cell energy in SOD1G93A astrocytes and restored the survival of MN. Among the four PDK isoforms, PDK2 is ubiquitously expressed in astrocytes and presents low expression levels in neurons. Herein, we hypothesize whether selective knockdown of PDK2 in astrocytes may increase mitochondrial activity and, in turn, reduce SOD1G93A-associated toxicity. To assess this, cultured neonatal SOD1G93A rat astrocytes were incubated with specific PDK2 siRNA. This treatment resulted in a reduction of the enzyme expression with a concomitant decrease in the phosphorylation rate of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In addition, PDK2-silenced SOD1G93A astrocytes exhibited restored mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters, adopting a more complex mitochondrial network. This treatment also decreased lipid droplet content in SOD1G93A astrocytes, suggesting a switch in energetic metabolism. Significantly, PDK2 knockdown increased the ability of SOD1G93A astrocytes to support MN survival, further supporting the major role of astrocyte mitochondrial respiratory activity in astrocyte-MN interactions. These results suggest that PDK2 silencing could be a cell-specific therapeutic tool to slow the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Miquel
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosalía Villarino
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Martínez-Palma
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Cassina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Cassina
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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9
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Jang I, Kyun S, Hwang D, Kim T, Lim K, Park HY, Kim SW, Kim J. Chronic Administration of Exogenous Lactate Increases Energy Expenditure during Exercise through Activation of Skeletal Muscle Energy Utilization Capacity in Mice. Metabolites 2024; 14:220. [PMID: 38668348 PMCID: PMC11052295 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of chronic exogenous lactate and exercise training, which influence energy substrate utilization and body composition improvements at rest and during exercise, and investigated the availability of lactate as a metabolic regulator. The mice were divided into four groups: CON (sedentary + saline), LAC (sedentary + lactate), EXE (exercise + saline), and EXLA (exercise + lactate). The total experimental period was set at 4 weeks, the training intensity was set at 60-70% VO2max, and each exercise group was administered a solution immediately after exercise. Changes in the energy substrate utilization at rest and during exercise, the protein levels related to energy substrate utilization in skeletal muscles, and the body composition were measured. Lactate intake and exercise increased carbohydrate oxidation as a substrate during exercise, leading to an increased energy expenditure and increased protein levels of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase 2, key factors in the TCA(tricarboxylic acid) cycle of skeletal muscle. Exercise, but not lactate intake, induced the upregulation of the skeletal muscle glucose transport factor 4 and a reduction in body fat. Hence, chronic lactate administration, as a metabolic regulator, influenced energy substrate utilization by the skeletal muscle and increased energy expenditure during exercise through the activation of carbohydrate metabolism-related factors. Therefore, exogenous lactate holds potential as a metabolic regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkwon Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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10
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Watanabe K, Kato A, Adachi H, Noguchi A, Arai H, Ito M, Namba F, Takahashi T. Genetic Ablation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isoform 4 Gene Enhances Recovery from Hyperoxic Lung Injury: Insights into Antioxidant and Inflammatory Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2024; 12:746. [PMID: 38672101 PMCID: PMC11047825 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The objective of this study was to examine whether the genetic depletion of the PDK4 gene attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal mice. METHODS Neonatal PDK4-/- mice and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to oxygen concentrations of 21% (normoxia) and 95% (hyperoxia) for the first 4 days of life. Pulmonary histological assessments were performed, and the mRNA levels of lung PDK4, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue were quantified. RESULTS Following convalescence from neonatal hyperoxia, PDK4-/- mice exhibited improved lung alveolarization. Notably, PDK4-/- mice displayed significantly elevated MCP-1 protein levels in pulmonary tissues following 4 days of hyperoxic exposure, whereas WT mice showed increased IL-6 protein levels under similar conditions. Furthermore, neonatal PDK4-/- mice subjected to hyperoxia demonstrated markedly higher MCP-1 mRNA expression at 4 days of age compared to WT mice, while IL-6 mRNA expression remained unaffected in PDK4-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Newborn PDK4-/- mice exhibited notable recovery from hyperoxia-induced lung injury, suggesting the potential protective role of PDK4 depletion in mitigating lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (K.W.); (A.K.); (H.A.); (A.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Akie Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (K.W.); (A.K.); (H.A.); (A.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (K.W.); (A.K.); (H.A.); (A.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Atsuko Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (K.W.); (A.K.); (H.A.); (A.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Hirokazu Arai
- Department of Neonatology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita 010-1495, Japan;
| | - Masato Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (K.W.); (A.K.); (H.A.); (A.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Fumihiko Namba
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe 350-8550, Japan;
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (K.W.); (A.K.); (H.A.); (A.N.); (T.T.)
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11
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Tao S, Tao K, Cai X. Pan-cancer analysis reveals PDK family as potential indicators related to prognosis and immune infiltration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5665. [PMID: 38453992 PMCID: PMC10920909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play a key role in glucose metabolism by exerting negative regulation over pyruvate dehyrogenase complex (PDC) activity through phosphorylation. Inhibition of PDKs holds the potential to enhance PDC activity, prompting cells to adopt a more aerobic metabolic profile. Consequently, PDKs emerge as promising targets for condition rooted in metabolic dysregulation, including malignance and diabetes. However, a comprehensive exploration of the distinct contribution of various PDK family members, particularly PDK3, across diverse tumor types remain incomplete. This study undertakes a systematic investigation of PDK family expression patterns, forging association with clinical parameters, using data from the TCGA and GTEx datasets. Survival analysis of PDKs is executed through both Kaplan-Meier analysis and COX regression analysis. Furthermore, the extent of immune infiltration is assessed by leveraging the CIBERSORT algorithm. Our study uncovers pronounced genetic heterogeneity among PDK family members, coupled with discernible clinical characteristic. Significantly, the study establishes the potential utility of PDK family genes as prognostic indicators and as predictors of therapeutic response. Additionally, our study sheds light on the immune infiltration profile of PDK family. The results showed the intimate involvement of these genes in immune-related metrics, including immune scoring, immune subtypes, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and immune checkpoints expression. In sum, the findings of this study offer insightful strategies to guide the therapeutic direction, aiming at leveraging the impact of PDK family genes in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigui Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kunlin Tao
- Guiping People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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12
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Li Y, Xie Z, Lei X, Yang X, Huang S, Yuan W, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang G. Recent advances in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors: Structures, inhibitory mechanisms and biological activities. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107160. [PMID: 38301426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism is reprogrammed in a variety of cancer cells to ensure their rapid proliferation. Cancer cells prefer to utilize glycolysis to produce energy as well as to provide large amounts of precursors for their division. In this process, cancer cells inhibit the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) by upregulating the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs). Inhibiting the activity of PDKs in cancer cells can effectively block this metabolic transition in cancer cells, while also activating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and promoting apoptosis of cancer cells. To this day, the study of PDKs inhibitors has become one of the research hotspots in the field of medicinal chemistry. Novel structures targeting PDKs are constantly being discovered, and some inhibitors have entered the clinical research stage. Here, we reviewed the research progress of PDKs inhibitors in recent years and classified them according to the PDKs binding sites they acted on, aiming to summarize the structural characteristics of inhibitors acting on different binding sites and explore their clinical application value. Finally, the shortcomings of some PDKs inhibitors and the further development direction of PDKs inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Weixi Yuan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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13
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Mao Y, Zhang J, Zhou Q, He X, Zheng Z, Wei Y, Zhou K, Lin Y, Yu H, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Lin P, Wu B, Yuan Y, Zhao J, Xu W, Zhao S. Hypoxia induces mitochondrial protein lactylation to limit oxidative phosphorylation. Cell Res 2024; 34:13-30. [PMID: 38163844 PMCID: PMC10770133 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) consumes oxygen to produce ATP. However, the mechanism that balances OXPHOS activity and intracellular oxygen availability remains elusive. Here, we report that mitochondrial protein lactylation is induced by intracellular hypoxia to constrain OXPHOS. We show that mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS2) is a protein lysine lactyltransferase, whose proteasomal degradation is enhanced by proline 377 hydroxylation catalyzed by the oxygen-sensing hydroxylase PHD2. Hypoxia induces AARS2 accumulation to lactylate PDHA1 lysine 336 in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) lysine 457/8, inactivating both enzymes and inhibiting OXPHOS by limiting acetyl-CoA influx from pyruvate and fatty acid oxidation, respectively. PDHA1 and CPT2 lactylation can be reversed by SIRT3 to activate OXPHOS. In mouse muscle cells, lactylation is induced by lactate oxidation-induced intracellular hypoxia during exercise to constrain high-intensity endurance running exhaustion time, which can be increased or decreased by decreasing or increasing lactylation levels, respectively. Our results reveal that mitochondrial protein lactylation integrates intracellular hypoxia and lactate signals to regulate OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzi Mao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiadi He
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhifang Zheng
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wei
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaiqiang Zhou
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Yu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yineng Zhou
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Baixing Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, RNA Biomedical Institute, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyuan Yuan
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shimin Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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14
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Li C, Liu C, Zhang J, Lu Y, Jiang B, Xiong H, Li C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase regulates macrophage polarization in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1296687. [PMID: 38193078 PMCID: PMC10773690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly heterogeneous and plastic, and have two main polarized phenotypes that are determined by their microenvironment, namely pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages. Activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages is closely associated with metabolic reprogramming, especially that of aerobic glycolysis. Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) negatively regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity through reversible phosphorylation and further links glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATP production. PDK is commonly associated with the metabolism and polarization of macrophages in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. This review examines the relationship between PDK and macrophage metabolism and discusses the mechanisms by which PDK regulates macrophage polarization, migration, and inflammatory cytokine secretion in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Elucidating the relationships between the metabolism and polarization of macrophages under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the regulatory pathways involved, may provide valuable insights into the etiology and treatment of macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanbin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jining Stomatological Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyu Lu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Bingtong Jiang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhao H, Wang Z, Shi Y, Dong J, Wang K, Wang X, Li X, Qi H, Zhao X. Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Dichloroacetate: Targeting Metabolic Disorders in Nervous System Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7559-7581. [PMID: 38106446 PMCID: PMC10725694 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug used to treat lactic acidosis and malignant tumours. It works by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and increasing the rate of glucose oxidation. Some studies have documented the neuroprotective benefits of DCA. By reviewing these studies, this paper shows that DCA has multiple pharmacological activities, including regulating metabolism, ameliorating oxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing autophagy, protecting the blood‒brain barrier, improving the function of endothelial progenitor cells, improving mitochondrial dynamics, and decreasing amyloid β-protein. In addition, DCA inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes it, which leads to peripheral neurotoxicity due to drug accumulation that may be solved by individualized drug delivery and nanovesicle delivery. In summary, in this review, we analyse the mechanisms of neuroprotection by DCA in different diseases and discuss the causes of and solutions to its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Dong
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Huang A, Ni Q, Zeng C. Phenylbutyrate and Dichloroacetate Enhance the Liquid-Stored Boar Sperm Quality via PDK1 and PDK3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17091. [PMID: 38069413 PMCID: PMC10707026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) with liquid-stored semen is the most prevalent and efficient assisted reproduction technique in the modern pork industry. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X (PDHX) was demonstrated to be associated with sperm metabolism and affected the boar sperm viability, motility, and fertility. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases (PDKs) are the key metabolic enzymes that regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity and also the conversion from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In the present study, two PDK inhibitors, Dichloroacetate (DCA) and Phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), were added to an extender and investigated to determine their regulatory roles in liquid-stored boar sperm at 17 °C. The results indicated that PDK1 and PDK3 were predominantly located at the head and flagella of the boar sperm. The addition of 2 mM DCA and 0.5 mM 4-PBA significantly enhanced the sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content. In addition, DCA and 4-PBA exerted their effects by inhibiting PDK1 and PDK3, respectively. In conclusion, DCA and 4-PBA were found to regulate the boar sperm metabolic activities via PDK1 and PDK3. These both can improve the quality parameters of liquid-stored boar sperm, which will help to improve and optimize liquid-stored boar semen after their addition in the extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;
| | - Qingyong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Changjun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
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17
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Maurer J, Zhao X, Irmler M, Gudiksen A, Pilmark NS, Li Q, Goj T, Beckers J, Hrabě de Angelis M, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Lehmann R, Pilegaard H, Karstoft K, Xu G, Weigert C. Redox state and altered pyruvate metabolism contribute to a dose-dependent metformin-induced lactate production of human myotubes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1131-C1143. [PMID: 37694284 PMCID: PMC10635655 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00186.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Metformin-induced glycolysis and lactate production can lead to acidosis as a life-threatening side effect, but slight increases in blood lactate levels in a physiological range were also reported in metformin-treated patients. However, how metformin increases systemic lactate concentrations is only partly understood. Because human skeletal muscle has a high capacity to produce lactate, the aim was to elucidate the dose-dependent regulation of metformin-induced lactate production and the potential contribution of skeletal muscle to blood lactate levels under metformin treatment. This was examined by using metformin treatment (16-776 μM) of primary human myotubes and by 17 days of metformin treatment in humans. As from 78 µM, metformin induced lactate production and secretion and glucose consumption. Investigating the cellular redox state by mitochondrial respirometry, we found metformin to inhibit the respiratory chain complex I (776 µM, P < 0.01) along with decreasing the [NAD+]:[NADH] ratio (776 µM, P < 0.001). RNA sequencing and phospho-immunoblot data indicate inhibition of pyruvate oxidation mediated through phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (39 µM, P < 0.01). On the other hand, in human skeletal muscle, phosphorylation of PDH was not altered by metformin. Nonetheless, blood lactate levels were increased under metformin treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that metformin-induced inhibition of pyruvate oxidation combined with altered cellular redox state shifts the equilibrium of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction leading to a dose-dependent lactate production in primary human myotubes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metformin shifts the equilibrium of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction by low dose-induced phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) resulting in inhibition of pyruvate oxidation and high dose-induced increase in NADH, which explains the dose-dependent lactate production of differentiated human skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Maurer
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anders Gudiksen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna S Pilmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Thomas Goj
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Fredriksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Wang C, Cui C, Xu P, Zhu L, Xue H, Chen B, Jiang P. Targeting PDK2 rescues stress-induced impaired brain energy metabolism. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4138-4150. [PMID: 37188779 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a mental illness frequently accompanied by disordered energy metabolism. A dysregulated hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis response with aberrant glucocorticoids (GCs) release is often observed in patients with depression. However, the associated etiology between GCs and brain energy metabolism remains poorly understood. Here, using metabolomic analysis, we showed that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was inhibited in chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-exposed mice and patients with first-episode depression. Decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was concomitant with the impairment of the TCA cycle. In parallel, the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the gatekeeper of mitochondrial TCA flux, was suppressed, which is associated with the CSDS-induced neuronal pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) expression and consequently enhanced PDH phosphorylation. Considering the well-acknowledged role of GCs in energy metabolism, we further demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptors (GR) stimulated PDK2 expression by directly binding to its promoter region. Meanwhile, silencing PDK2 abrogated glucocorticoid-induced PDH inhibition, restored the neuronal oxidative phosphorylation, and improved the flux of isotope-labeled carbon (U-13C] glucose) into the TCA cycle. Additionally, in vivo, pharmacological inhibition and neuron-specific silencing of GR or PDK2 restored CSDS-induced PDH phosphorylation and exerted antidepressant activities against chronic stress exposure. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of depression manifestation, whereby elevated GCs levels regulate PDK2 transcription via GR, thereby impairing brain energy metabolism and contributing to the onset of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Hongjia Xue
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- ADFA School of Science, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China.
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19
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Zhang X, Zhao L, Ying K, Xu J, Huang Y, Zhu R, Ding Y, Cai W, Wu X, Miao D, Xu Q, Zeng Y, Yu F. TUG1 protects against ferroptosis of hepatic stellate cells by upregulating PDK4-mediated glycolysis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110673. [PMID: 37582412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The induction of ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has shown promise in reversing liver fibrosis. And ferroptosis has been confirmed to be associated with glycolysis. The objective of this study is to determine whether ferroptosis inhibition in HSCs, induced by elevation of recombinant pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4)-mediated glycolysis, could mediate the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced using CCl4, the level of which was assessed through histochemical staining. Lentivirus was used to modulate the expression of specific genes. And underlying mechanisms were explored using primary HSCs extracted from normal mice. The results confirmed that Taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) expression was upregulated in liver fibrotic tissues and HSCs, showing a positive correlation with fibrosis. In addition, TUG1 attenuated ferroptosis in HSCs by promoting PDK4-mediated glycolysis, thereby promoting the progression of liver fibrosis. Moreover, TUG1 was observed to impact HSCs activation, exacerbating liver fibrosis to some extent. In conclusion, our study revealed that TUG1 expression was elevated in mouse models of liver fibrosis and activated HSCs, which inhibited ferroptosis in HSCs through PDK4-mediated glycolysis. This finding may open up a new therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luying Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kanglei Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangjin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruhuang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinrong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weimin Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fujun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Mendez Garcia MF, Matsuzaki S, Batushansky A, Newhardt R, Kinter C, Jin Y, Mann SN, Stout MB, Gu H, Chiao YA, Kinter M, Humphries KM. Increased cardiac PFK-2 protects against high-fat diet-induced cardiomyopathy and mediates beneficial systemic metabolic effects. iScience 2023; 26:107131. [PMID: 37534142 PMCID: PMC10391959 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy heart adapts to changes in nutrient availability and energy demands. In metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D), increased reliance on fatty acids for energy production contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy. A principal regulator of cardiac metabolism is 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2), which is a central driver of glycolysis. We hypothesized that increasing PFK-2 activity could mitigate cardiac dysfunction induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Wild type (WT) and cardiac-specific transgenic mice expressing PFK-2 (GlycoHi) were fed a low fat or HFD for 16 weeks to induce metabolic dysfunction. Metabolic phenotypes were determined by measuring mitochondrial bioenergetics and performing targeted quantitative proteomic and metabolomic analysis. Increasing cardiac PFK-2 had beneficial effects on cardiac and mitochondrial function. Unexpectedly, GlycoHi mice also exhibited sex-dependent systemic protection from HFD, including increased glucose homeostasis. These findings support improving glycolysis via PFK-2 activity can mitigate mitochondrial and functional changes that occur with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Mendez Garcia
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Satoshi Matsuzaki
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Albert Batushansky
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ryan Newhardt
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Caroline Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Shivani N. Mann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael B. Stout
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Humphries
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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21
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Forteza MJ, Berg M, Edsfeldt A, Sun J, Baumgartner R, Kareinen I, Casagrande FB, Hedin U, Zhang S, Vuckovic I, Dzeja PP, Polyzos KA, Gisterå A, Trauelsen M, Schwartz TW, Dib L, Herrmann J, Monaco C, Matic L, Gonçalves I, Ketelhuth DFJ. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase regulates vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis and increases cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1524-1536. [PMID: 36866436 PMCID: PMC10318388 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies have revealed a close connection between cellular metabolism and the chronic inflammatory process of atherosclerosis. While the link between systemic metabolism and atherosclerosis is well established, the implications of altered metabolism in the artery wall are less understood. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-dependent inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) has been identified as a major metabolic step regulating inflammation. Whether the PDK/PDH axis plays a role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene profiling of human atherosclerotic plaques revealed a strong correlation between PDK1 and PDK4 transcript levels and the expression of pro-inflammatory and destabilizing genes. Remarkably, the PDK1 and PDK4 expression correlated with a more vulnerable plaque phenotype, and PDK1 expression was found to predict future major adverse cardiovascular events. Using the small-molecule PDK inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) that restores arterial PDH activity, we demonstrated that the PDK/PDH axis is a major immunometabolic pathway, regulating immune cell polarization, plaque development, and fibrous cap formation in Apoe-/- mice. Surprisingly, we discovered that DCA regulates succinate release and mitigates its GPR91-dependent signals promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion by macrophages in the plaque. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated for the first time that the PDK/PDH axis is associated with vascular inflammation in humans and particularly that the PDK1 isozyme is associated with more severe disease and could predict secondary cardiovascular events. Moreover, we demonstrate that targeting the PDK/PDH axis with DCA skews the immune system, inhibits vascular inflammation and atherogenesis, and promotes plaque stability features in Apoe-/- mice. These results point toward a promising treatment to combat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Forteza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Instutet,BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Berg
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Instutet,BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Cardiovascular Research Translational Studies, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20 502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, 21 428, Malmö, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20 502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jangming Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Translational Studies, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20 502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, 21 428, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Roland Baumgartner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Instutet,BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilona Kareinen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Instutet,BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felipe Beccaria Casagrande
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Instutet,BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Song Zhang
- Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, 200, First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200, First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ivan Vuckovic
- Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, 200, First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Petras P Dzeja
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200, First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Konstantinos A Polyzos
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Instutet,BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Instutet,BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette Trauelsen
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Dib
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200, First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Cardiovascular Research Translational Studies, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20 502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, 21 428, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Instutet,BioClinicum, Solnavägen 30, Solna, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 21, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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22
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Fernandez Garcia E, Paudel U, Noji MC, Bowman CE, Rustgi AK, Pitarresi JR, Wellen KE, Arany Z, Weissenrieder JS, Foskett JK. The mitochondrial Ca 2+ channel MCU is critical for tumor growth by supporting cell cycle progression and proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1082213. [PMID: 37363724 PMCID: PMC10285664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1082213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The mitochondrial uniporter (MCU) Ca2+ ion channel represents the primary means for Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria. Mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ plays critical roles in mitochondrial bioenergetics by impinging upon respiration, energy production and flux of biochemical intermediates through the TCA cycle. Inhibition of MCU in oncogenic cell lines results in an energetic crisis and reduced cell proliferation unless media is supplemented with nucleosides, pyruvate or α-KG. Nevertheless, the roles of MCU-mediated Ca2+ influx in cancer cells remain unclear, in part because of a lack of genetic models. Methods: MCU was genetically deleted in transformed murine fibroblasts for study in vitro and in vivo. Tumor formation and growth were studied in murine xenograft models. Proliferation, cell invasion, spheroid formation and cell cycle progression were measured in vitro. The effects of MCU deletion on survival and cell-death were determined by probing for live/death markers. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were studied by measuring mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentration, membrane potential, global dehydrogenase activity, respiration, ROS production and inactivating-phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. The effects of MCU rescue on metabolism were examined by tracing of glucose and glutamine utilization for fueling of mitochondrial respiration. Results: Transformation of primary fibroblasts in vitro was associated with increased MCU expression, enhanced MCU-mediated Ca2+ uptake, altered mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentration responses to agonist stimulation, suppression of inactivating-phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and a modest increase of mitochondrial respiration. Genetic MCU deletion inhibited growth of HEK293T cells and transformed fibroblasts in mouse xenograft models, associated with reduced proliferation and delayed cell-cycle progression. MCU deletion inhibited cancer stem cell-like spheroid formation and cell invasion in vitro, both predictors of metastatic potential. Surprisingly, mitochondrial matrix [Ca2+], membrane potential, global dehydrogenase activity, respiration and ROS production were unaffected. In contrast, MCU deletion elevated glycolysis and glutaminolysis, strongly sensitized cell proliferation to glucose and glutamine limitation, and altered agonist-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals. Conclusion: Our results reveal a dependence of tumorigenesis on MCU, mediated by a reliance on MCU for cell metabolism and Ca2+ dynamics necessary for cell-cycle progression and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Fernandez Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Usha Paudel
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael C. Noji
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Caitlyn E. Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jason R. Pitarresi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zolt Arany
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jillian S. Weissenrieder
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J. Kevin Foskett
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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Liu Y, Dantas E, Ferrer M, Liu Y, Comjean A, Davidson EE, Hu Y, Goncalves MD, Janowitz T, Perrimon N. Tumor Cytokine-Induced Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Contributes to Cancer Cachexia: Insights from Full Body Single Nuclei Sequencing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.15.540823. [PMID: 37292804 PMCID: PMC10245574 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.15.540823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A primary cause of death in cancer patients is cachexia, a wasting syndrome attributed to tumor-induced metabolic dysregulation. Despite the major impact of cachexia on the treatment, quality of life, and survival of cancer patients, relatively little is known about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Hyperglycemia detected in glucose tolerance test is one of the earliest metabolic abnormalities observed in cancer patients; however, the pathogenesis by which tumors influence blood sugar levels remains poorly understood. Here, utilizing a Drosophila model, we demonstrate that the tumor secreted interleukin-like cytokine Upd3 induces fat body expression of Pepck1 and Pdk, two key regulatory enzymes of gluconeogenesis, contributing to hyperglycemia. Our data further indicate a conserved regulation of these genes by IL-6/JAK-STAT signaling in mouse models. Importantly, in both fly and mouse cancer cachexia models, elevated gluconeogenesis gene levels are associated with poor prognosis. Altogether, our study uncovers a conserved role of Upd3/IL-6/JAK-STAT signaling in inducing tumor-associated hyperglycemia, which provides insights into the pathogenesis of IL-6 signaling in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ezequiel Dantas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miriam Ferrer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724 USA
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma E. Davidson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724 USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcus D. Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724 USA
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, NY 11042 USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Emaldi M, Mingo J, Øyjord T, Mælandsmo GM, Fodstad Ø, Errarte P, Larrinaga G, Llarena R, López JI, Pulido R. The expression pattern of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases predicts prognosis and correlates with immune exhaustion in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7339. [PMID: 37147361 PMCID: PMC10162970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cancer cells constitute a paradigm of tumor cells with a glycolytic reprogramming which drives metabolic alterations favouring cell survival and transformation. We studied the expression and activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1-4), key enzymes of the energy metabolism, in renal cancer cells. We analysed the expression, subcellular distribution and clinicopathological correlations of PDK1-4 by immunohistochemistry of tumor tissue microarray samples from a cohort of 96 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. Gene expression analysis was performed on whole tumor tissue sections of a subset of ccRCC samples. PDK2 and PDK3 protein expression in tumor cells correlated with lower patient overall survival, whereas PDK1 protein expression correlated with higher patient survival. Gene expression analysis revealed molecular association of PDK2 and PDK3 expression with PI3K signalling pathway, as well as with T cell infiltration and exhausted CD8 T cells. Inhibition of PDK by dichloroacetate in human renal cancer cell lines resulted in lower cell viability, which was accompanied by an increase in pAKT. Together, our findings suggest a differential role for PDK enzymes in ccRCC progression, and highlight PDK as actionable metabolic proteins in relation with PI3K signalling and exhausted CD8 T cells in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maite Emaldi
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Tove Øyjord
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peio Errarte
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Gorka Larrinaga
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Roberto Llarena
- Department of Urology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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25
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Li J, Zhu X, Oberdier MT, Lee C, Lin S, Fink SJ, Justice CN, Qin K, Begeman AW, Damen FC, Kim H, Chen J, Cai K, Halperin HR, Vanden Hoek TL. A cell-penetrating PHLPP peptide improves cardiac arrest survival in murine and swine models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e164283. [PMID: 37115695 PMCID: PMC10145924 DOI: 10.1172/jci164283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death in the US, with a mortality rate over 90%. Preclinical studies demonstrate that cooling during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is highly beneficial, but can be challenging to implement clinically. No medications exist for improving long-term cardiac arrest survival. We have developed a 20-amino acid peptide, TAT-PHLPP9c, that mimics cooling protection by enhancing AKT activation via PH domain leucine-rich repeat phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) inhibition. Complementary studies were conducted in mouse and swine. C57BL/6 mice were randomized into blinded saline control and peptide-treatment groups. Following a 12-minute asystolic arrest, TAT-PHLPP9c was administered intravenously during CPR and significantly improved the return of spontaneous circulation, mean arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow, cardiac and neurological function, and survival (4 hour and 5 day). It inhibited PHLPP-NHERF1 binding, enhanced AKT but not PKC phosphorylation, decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation and sorbitol production, and increased ATP generation in heart and brain. TAT-PHLPP9c treatment also reduced plasma taurine and glutamate concentrations after resuscitation. The protective benefit of TAT-PHLPP9c was validated in a swine cardiac arrest model of ventricular fibrillation. In conclusion, TAT-PHLPP9c may improve neurologically intact cardiac arrest survival without the need for physical cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matt T. Oberdier
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chunpei Lee
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shaoxia Lin
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah J. Fink
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cody N. Justice
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin Qin
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew W. Begeman
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Hajwa Kim
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine
| | - Henry R. Halperin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Terry L. Vanden Hoek
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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26
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Abstract
Traditional views of cellular metabolism imply that it is passively adapted to meet the demands of the cell. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that metabolites do more than simply supply the substrates for biological processes; they also provide critical signals, either through effects on metabolic pathways or via modulation of other regulatory proteins. Recent investigation has also uncovered novel roles for several metabolites that expand their signalling influence to processes outside metabolism, including nutrient sensing and storage, embryonic development, cell survival and differentiation, and immune activation and cytokine secretion. Together, these studies suggest that, in contrast to the prevailing notion, the biochemistry of a cell is frequently governed by its underlying metabolism rather than vice versa. This important shift in perspective places common metabolites as key regulators of cell phenotype and behaviour. Yet the signalling metabolites, and the cognate targets and transducers through which they signal, are only beginning to be uncovered. In this Review, we discuss the emerging links between metabolism and cellular behaviour. We hope this will inspire further dissection of the mechanisms through which metabolic pathways and intermediates modulate cell function and will suggest possible drug targets for diseases linked to metabolic deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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27
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García EF, Paudel U, Noji MC, Bowman CE, Pitarresi JR, Rustgi AK, Wellen KE, Arany Z, Weissenrieder JS, Foskett JK. The mitochondrial Ca 2+ channel MCU is critical for tumor growth by supporting cell cycle progression and proliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538295. [PMID: 37163088 PMCID: PMC10168388 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial uniporter (MCU) Ca 2+ ion channel represents the primary means for Ca 2+ uptake into mitochondria. Here we employed in vitro and in vivo models with MCU genetically eliminated to understand how MCU contributes to tumor formation and progression. Transformation of primary fibroblasts in vitro was associated with increased MCU expression, enhanced mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake, suppression of inactivating-phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, a modest increase of basal mitochondrial respiration and a significant increase of acute Ca 2+ -dependent stimulation of mitochondrial respiration. Inhibition of mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake by genetic deletion of MCU markedly inhibited growth of HEK293T cells and of transformed fibroblasts in mouse xenograft models. Reduced tumor growth was primarily a result of substantially reduced proliferation and fewer mitotic cells in vivo , and slower cell proliferation in vitro associated with delayed progression through S-phase of the cell cycle. MCU deletion inhibited cancer stem cell-like spheroid formation and cell invasion in vitro , both predictors of metastatic potential. Surprisingly, mitochondrial matrix Ca 2+ concentration, membrane potential, global dehydrogenase activity, respiration and ROS production were unchanged by genetic deletion of MCU in transformed cells. In contrast, MCU deletion elevated glycolysis and glutaminolysis, strongly sensitized cell proliferation to glucose and glutamine limitation, and altered agonist-induced cytoplasmic Ca 2+ signals. Our results reveal a dependence of tumorigenesis on MCU, mediated by a reliance on mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake for cell metabolism and Ca 2+ dynamics necessary for cell-cycle progression and cell proliferation.
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28
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Kim MJ, Sinam IS, Siddique Z, Jeon JH, Lee IK. The Link between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcopenia: An Update Focusing on the Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:153-163. [PMID: 36635027 PMCID: PMC10040620 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as a progressive loss of muscle mass and function, is typified by mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of mitochondrial resilience. Sarcopenia is associated not only with aging, but also with various metabolic diseases characterized by mitochondrial dyshomeostasis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) are mitochondrial enzymes that inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which controls pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the subsequent adenosine triphosphate production required for normal cellular activities. PDK4 is upregulated in mitochondrial dysfunction-related metabolic diseases, especially pathologic muscle conditions associated with enhanced muscle proteolysis and aberrant myogenesis. Increases in PDK4 are associated with perturbation of mitochondria-associated membranes and mitochondrial quality control, which are emerging as a central mechanism in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease-associated muscle atrophy. Here, we review how mitochondrial dysfunction affects sarcopenia, focusing on the role of PDK4 in mitochondrial homeostasis. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PDK4 on mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia and show that targeting mitochondria could be a therapeutic target for treating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ibotombi Singh Sinam
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Zerwa Siddique
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Corresponding author: In-Kyu Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7269 Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea E-mail:
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29
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Proteomics as a Tool for the Study of Mitochondrial Proteome, Its Dysfunctionality and Pathological Consequences in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054692. [PMID: 36902123 PMCID: PMC10003354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is on the proteomic approaches applied to the study of the qualitative/quantitative changes in mitochondrial proteins that are related to impaired mitochondrial function and consequently different types of pathologies. Proteomic techniques developed in recent years have created a powerful tool for the characterization of both static and dynamic proteomes. They can detect protein-protein interactions and a broad repertoire of post-translation modifications that play pivotal roles in mitochondrial regulation, maintenance and proper function. Based on accumulated proteomic data, conclusions can be derived on how to proceed in disease prevention and treatment. In addition, this article will present an overview of the recently published proteomic papers that deal with the regulatory roles of post-translational modifications of mitochondrial proteins and specifically with cardiovascular diseases connected to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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30
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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31
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Shah A, Huck I, Duncan K, Gansemer ER, Apte U, Stamnes MA, Rutkowski DT. Interference with the HNF4-dependent gene regulatory network diminishes ER stress in hepatocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527889. [PMID: 36798396 PMCID: PMC9934629 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In all eukaryotic cell types, the unfolded protein response (UPR) upregulates factors that promote protein folding and misfolded protein clearance to help alleviate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Yet ER stress in the liver is uniquely accompanied by the suppression of metabolic genes, the coordination and purpose of which is largely unknown. Here, we used unsupervised machine learning to identify a cluster of correlated genes that were profoundly suppressed by persistent ER stress in the liver. These genes, which encode diverse functions including metabolism, coagulation, drug detoxification, and bile synthesis, are likely targets of the master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation HNF4α. The response of these genes to ER stress was phenocopied by liver-specific deletion of HNF4 α. Strikingly, while deletion of HNF4α exacerbated liver injury in response to an ER stress challenge, it also diminished UPR activation and partially preserved ER ultrastructure, suggesting attenuated ER stress. Conversely, pharmacological maintenance of hepatocyte identity in vitro enhanced sensitivity to stress. Several pathways potentially link HNF4α to ER stress sensitivity, including control of expression of the tunicamycin transporter MFSD2A; modulation of IRE1/XBP1 signaling; and regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase. Together, these findings suggest that HNF4α activity is linked to hepatic ER homeostasis through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anit Shah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ian Huck
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kaylia Duncan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Erica R. Gansemer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Mark A. Stamnes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - D. Thomas Rutkowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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32
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Breault NM, Wu D, Dasgupta A, Chen KH, Archer SL. Acquired disorders of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1105565. [PMID: 36819102 PMCID: PMC9933518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an orphan disease of the cardiopulmonary unit that reflects an obstructive pulmonary vasculopathy and presents with hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately failure of the right ventricle (RVF). Despite treatment using pulmonary hypertension (PH)-targeted therapies, persistent functional impairment reduces the quality of life for people with PAH and death from RVF occurs in approximately 40% of patients within 5 years of diagnosis. PH-targeted therapeutics are primarily vasodilators and none, alone or in combination, are curative. This highlights a need to therapeutically explore molecular targets in other pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. Several candidate pathways in PAH involve acquired mitochondrial dysfunction. These mitochondrial disorders include: 1) a shift in metabolism related to increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate kinase, which together increase uncoupled glycolysis (Warburg metabolism); 2) disruption of oxygen-sensing related to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, resulting in a state of pseudohypoxia; 3) altered mitochondrial calcium homeostasis related to impaired function of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex, which elevates cytosolic calcium and reduces intramitochondrial calcium; and 4) abnormal mitochondrial dynamics related to increased expression of dynamin-related protein 1 and its binding partners, such as mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa and 51 kDa, and depressed expression of mitofusin 2, resulting in increased mitotic fission. These acquired mitochondrial abnormalities increase proliferation and impair apoptosis in most pulmonary vascular cells (including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts). In the RV, Warburg metabolism and induction of glutaminolysis impairs bioenergetics and promotes hypokinesis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This review will explore our current knowledge of the causes and consequences of disordered mitochondrial function in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M. Breault
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
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33
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Wang Y, Yang H, Geerts C, Furtos A, Waters P, Cyr D, Wang S, Mitchell GA. The multiple facets of acetyl-CoA metabolism: Energetics, biosynthesis, regulation, acylation and inborn errors. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:106966. [PMID: 36528988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.106966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) is a core metabolite with essential roles throughout cell physiology. These functions can be classified into energetics, biosynthesis, regulation and acetylation of large and small molecules. Ac-CoA is essential for oxidative metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, most amino acids, ethanol, and of free acetate generated by endogenous metabolism or by gut bacteria. Ac-CoA cannot cross lipid bilayers, but acetyl groups from Ac-CoA can shuttle across membranes as part of carrier molecules like citrate or acetylcarnitine, or as free acetate or ketone bodies. Ac-CoA is the basic unit of lipid biosynthesis, providing essentially all of the carbon for the synthesis of fatty acids and of isoprenoid-derived compounds including cholesterol, coenzyme Q and dolichols. High levels of Ac-CoA in hepatocytes stimulate lipid biosynthesis, ketone body production and the diversion of pyruvate metabolism towards gluconeogenesis and away from oxidation; low levels exert opposite effects. Acetylation changes the properties of molecules. Acetylation is necessary for the synthesis of acetylcholine, acetylglutamate, acetylaspartate and N-acetyl amino sugars, and to metabolize/eliminate some xenobiotics. Acetylation is a major post-translational modification of proteins. Different types of protein acetylation occur. The most-studied form occurs at the epsilon nitrogen of lysine residues. In histones, lysine acetylation can alter gene transcription. Acetylation of other proteins has diverse, often incompletely-documented effects. Inborn errors related to Ac-CoA feature a broad spectrum of metabolic, neurological and other features. To date, a small number of studies of animals with inborn errors of CoA thioesters has included direct measurement of acyl-CoAs. These studies have shown that low levels of tissue Ac-CoA correlate with the development of clinical signs, hinting that shortage of Ac-CoA may be a recurrent theme in these conditions. Low levels of Ac-CoA could potentially disrupt any of its roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlin Wang
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hao Yang
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chloé Geerts
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Furtos
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paula Waters
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHU Sherbrooke and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Cyr
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHU Sherbrooke and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Shupei Wang
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Grant A Mitchell
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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A Missense Variant in PDK1 Associated with Severe Neurodevelopmental Delay and Epilepsy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123171. [PMID: 36551928 PMCID: PMC9775741 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which is used for energy conversion in cells. PDC activity is regulated by phosphorylation via kinases and phosphatases (PDK/PDP). Variants in all subunits of the PDC and in PDK3 have been reported, with varying phenotypes including lactic acidosis, neurodevelopmental delay, peripheral neuropathy, or seizures. Here, we report a de novo heterozygous missense variant in PDK1 (c.1139G > A; p.G380D) in a girl with developmental delay and early onset severe epilepsy. To investigate the role of PDK1G380D in energy metabolism and neuronal development, we used a zebrafish model. In zebrafish embryos we show a reduced number of cells with mitochondria with membrane potential, reduced movements, and a delay in neuronal development. Furthermore, we observe a reduction in the phosphorylation of PDH-E1α by PDKG380D, which suggests a disruption in the regulation of PDC activity. Finally, in patient fibroblasts, a mild reduction in the ratio of phosphorylated PDH over total PDH-E1α was detected. In summary, our findings support the notion that this aberrant PDK1 activity is the cause of clinical symptoms in the patient.
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35
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Zhang M, Du M, Qi X, Wang Y, Li G, Xu C, Zhang X. Retro-inversion follicle-stimulating hormone peptide-modified nanoparticles for delivery of PDK2 shRNA against chemoresistant ovarian cancer by switching glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Cancer Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Most ovarian cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages characterized by abdominal dissemination and frequently exhibit chemoresistance. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) regulates the switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and contributes to tumor progression and chemoresistance. Here, we investigated the effects of PDK2 blockade on metabolic reprogramming and cisplatin sensitivity and evaluated the in vivo antitumor effects of PDK2 shRNA in chemoresistant ovarian cancer using retro-inverso follicle-stimulating hormone peptide-modified nanoparticle as carriers.
Methods
The expression of PDK2 was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Cell migration was detected by Transwell assay. Seahorse Analyzer was used to evaluate metabolic changes. The cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells A2780cp were used to establish the mouse model of peritoneal metastatic ovarian cancer.
Results
A higher expression level of PDK2 was observed in chemoresistant ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines and was associated with shorter progression-free survival. PDK2 knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis of both cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Cisplatin sensitivity was increased even in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, PDK2 knockdown resulted in an increased oxygen consumption rate and decreased extracellular acidification rate, along with reduced lactate production, increased PDHC activity and increased levels of electron transport chain complexes III and V. The metabolism switched from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, to specifically and effectively deliver PDK2 shRNA in vivo, we formulated a targeted delivery system containing retro-inverso follicle-stimulating hormone peptide as a targeting moiety and polyethylene glycol–polyethylenimine copolymers as carriers. The nanoparticle complex significantly suppressed tumor growth and peritoneal metastasis of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer without obvious toxicities.
Conclusions
Our findings showed the link between metabolic reprogramming and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer and provided an effective targeting strategy for switching metabolic pathways in cancer therapy.
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Lee SH, Choi BY, Kho AR, Hong DK, Kang BS, Park MK, Lee SH, Choi HC, Song HK, Suh SW. Combined Treatment of Dichloroacetic Acid and Pyruvate Increased Neuronal Survival after Seizure. Nutrients 2022; 14:4804. [PMID: 36432491 PMCID: PMC9698956 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During seizure activity, glucose and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels are significantly decreased in the brain, which is a contributing factor to seizure-induced neuronal death. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) has been shown to prevent cell death. DCA is also known to be involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), a gatekeeper of glucose oxidation, as a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor. To confirm these findings, in this study, rats were given a per oral (P.O.) injection of DCA (100 mg/kg) with pyruvate (50 mg/kg) once per day for 1 week starting 2 h after the onset of seizures induced by pilocarpine administration. Neuronal death and oxidative stress were assessed 1 week after seizure to determine if the combined treatment of pyruvate and DCA increased neuronal survival and reduced oxidative damage in the hippocampus. We found that the combined treatment of pyruvate and DCA showed protective effects against seizure-associated hippocampal neuronal cell death compared to the vehicle-treated group. Treatment with combined pyruvate and DCA after seizure may have a therapeutic effect by increasing the proportion of pyruvate converted to ATP. Thus, the current research demonstrates that the combined treatment of pyruvate and DCA may have therapeutic potential in seizure-induced neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Institute of Sports Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - A Ra Kho
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dae Ki Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Si Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hui Chul Choi
- College of Medicine, Neurology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hong Ki Song
- College of Medicine, Neurology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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Marchelek-Mysliwiec M, Nalewajska M, Turoń-Skrzypińska A, Kotrych K, Dziedziejko V, Sulikowski T, Pawlik A. The Role of Forkhead Box O in Pathogenesis and Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911611. [PMID: 36232910 PMCID: PMC9569915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a disease that causes numerous complications disrupting the functioning of the entire body. Therefore, new treatments for the disease are being sought. Studies in recent years have shown that forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins may be a promising target for diabetes therapy. FOXO proteins are transcription factors involved in numerous physiological processes and in various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Their roles include regulating the cell cycle, DNA repair, influencing apoptosis, glucose metabolism, autophagy processes and ageing. FOXO1 is an important regulator of pancreatic beta-cell function affecting pancreatic beta cells under conditions of insulin resistance. FOXO1 also protects beta cells from damage resulting from oxidative stress associated with glucose and lipid overload. FOXO has been shown to affect a number of processes involved in the development of diabetes and its complications. FOXO regulates pancreatic β-cell function during metabolic stress and also plays an important role in regulating wound healing. Therefore, the pharmacological regulation of FOXO proteins is a promising approach to developing treatments for many diseases, including diabetes mellitus. In this review, we describe the role of FOXO proteins in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the role of the modulation of FOXO function in the therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Nalewajska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotrych
- Department of Radiology, West Pomeranian Center of Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sulikowski
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive, and Gastroenterological Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Chen G, She W, Yu C, Rouzi T, Li X, Ma L, Zhang N, Jiang H, Liu X, Wu J, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhou F. A novel organic arsenic derivative MZ2 remodels metabolism and triggers mtROS-mediated apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04333-2. [PMID: 36056952 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common neoplasms in adults, and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results with conventional drugs. Here, we synthesized a novel organic arsenic derivative MZ2 and evaluated its ability to remodel energy metabolism to achieve anti-leukemia. METHODS MZ2 was characterized by the average 1-min full mass spectra analysis. Biological methods such as Western blot, qPCR, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to assess the mode and mechanism of MZ2-induced death. The in vivo efficacy of MZ2 was assessed by constructing a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) AML model. RESULTS Unlike the precursor organic arsenical Z2, MZ2 can effectively reduce the level of aerobic glycolysis. Our in-depth found that MZ2 inhibited the expression of PDK2 in a dose-dependent manner and did not affect the expression of LDHA, another key enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. MZ2 reconstituted energy metabolism to induce the generation of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and then triggerd intrinsic apoptosis pathway. We also assessed whether MZ2 generates autophagy and results showed that MZ2 can induce autophagy of AML cells, which may be associated with the precursor organic arsenic drug. In vivo, MZ2 effectively attenuated leukemia progression in mice, and immunohistochemical results suggested its PDK2 inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION In summary, the novel organic arsine derivative MZ2 exhibited excellent anti-tumor effects in acute myeloid leukemia, which may provide a potential strategy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wenyan She
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Chaochao Yu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tuerxunayi Rouzi
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Linlu Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hongqiang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jinxian Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Zumbaugh MD, Johnson SE, Shi TH, Gerrard DE. Molecular and biochemical regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6652332. [PMID: 35908794 PMCID: PMC9339271 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a culmination of catabolic and anabolic processes that are interwoven into major metabolic pathways, and as such modulation of skeletal muscle metabolism may have implications on animal growth efficiency. Muscle is composed of a heterogeneous population of muscle fibers that can be classified by metabolism (oxidative or glycolytic) and contractile speed (slow or fast). Although slow fibers (type I) rely heavily on oxidative metabolism, presumably to fuel long or continuous bouts of work, fast fibers (type IIa, IIx, and IIb) vary in their metabolic capability and can range from having a high oxidative capacity to a high glycolytic capacity. The plasticity of muscle permits continuous adaptations to changing intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli that can shift the classification of muscle fibers, which has implications on fiber size, nutrient utilization, and protein turnover rate. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the major metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and the associated regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Zumbaugh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Tim H Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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High Expression of PDK4 Could Play a Potentially Protective Role by Attenuating Oxidative Stress after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143974. [PMID: 35887737 PMCID: PMC9323843 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), a key enzyme on the mitochondrial outer membrane, has been found to decrease activity notably in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It has been demonstrated that PDH is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Hence, in this study, we aimed to determine the cause of the decreased PDH activity and explore the potential role of PDH in EBI. We investigated the expression changes of PDH and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) in vivo and in vitro. Then, we explored the possible effects of PDH and ROS after SAH. The results showed that early overexpression of PDK4 promoted the phosphorylation of PDH, inhibited PDH activity, and may play a protective role after SAH in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we investigated the levels of PDK4 and pyruvate, which accumulated due to decreased PDH activity, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 34 patients with SAH. Statistical analysis revealed that PDK4 and pyruvate expression was elevated in the CSF of SAH patients compared with that of controls, and this high expression correlated with the degree of neurological impairment and long-term outcome. Taken together, the results show that PDK4 has the potential to serve as a new therapeutic target and biomarker for assisting in the diagnosis of SAH severity and prediction of recovery.
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Oh TS, Zabalawi M, Jain S, Long D, Stacpoole PW, McCall CE, Quinn MA. Dichloroacetate improves systemic energy balance and feeding behavior during sepsis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153944. [PMID: 35730570 PMCID: PMC9309051 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to an infection. The metabolic aberrations associated with sepsis underly an acute and organism-wide hyperinflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction; however, crosstalk between systemic metabolomic alterations and metabolic reprogramming at organ levels remains unknown. We analyzed substrate utilization by the respiratory exchange ratio, energy expenditure, metabolomic screening, and transcriptional profiling in a cecal ligation and puncture model to show that sepsis increases circulating free fatty acids and acylcarnitines but decreases levels of amino acids and carbohydrates, leading to a drastic shift in systemic fuel preference. Comparative analysis of previously published metabolomics from septic liver indicated a positive correlation with hepatic and plasma metabolites during sepsis. In particular, glycine deficiency was a common abnormality of the plasma and liver during sepsis. Interrogation of the hepatic transcriptome in septic mice suggested that the septic liver may contribute to systemic glycine deficiency by downregulating genes involved in glycine synthesis. Interestingly, intraperitoneal injection of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor dichloroacetate reversed sepsis-induced anorexia, energy imbalance, inflammation, dyslipidemia, hypoglycemia, and glycine deficiency. Collectively, our data indicated that PDK inhibition rescued systemic energy imbalance and metabolic dysfunction in sepsis partly through restoration of hepatic fuel metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Seok Oh
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter W. Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles E. McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew A. Quinn
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, and,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Mingo J, Emaldi M, Flem-Karlsen K, Mælandsmo GM, Fodstad Ø, Llarena R, López JI, Pulido R. Heterogeneous Expression and Subcellular Localization of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873516. [PMID: 35692804 PMCID: PMC9174590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by pyruvate decarboxylation, which drives energy metabolism during cell growth, including prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth. The major catalytic subunit of PDH, PDHA1, is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases (PDPs). There are four kinases, PDK1, PDK2, PDK3 and PDK4, which can phosphorylate and inactivate PDH; and two phosphatases, PDP1 and PDP2, that dephosphorylate and activate PDH. Methods We have analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression and clinicopathological correlations of PDHA1, PDP1, PDP2, PDK1, PDK2, PDK3, and PDK4, as well as of androgen receptor (AR), in a retrospective PCa cohort of patients. A total of 120 PCa samples of representative tumor areas from all patients were included in tissue microarray (TMA) blocks for analysis. In addition, we studied the subcellular localization of PDK2 and PDK3, and the effects of the PDK inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) in the growth, proliferation, and mitochondrial respiration of PCa cells. Results We found heterogeneous expression of the PDH complex components in PCa tumors. PDHA1, PDP1, PDK1, PDK2, and PDK4 expression correlated positively with AR expression. A significant correlation of PDK2 immunostaining with biochemical recurrence and disease-free survival was revealed. In PCa tissue specimens, PDK2 displayed cytoplasmic and nuclear immunostaining, whereas PDK1, PDK3 and PDK4 showed mostly cytoplasmic staining. In cells, ectopically expressed PDK2 and PDK3 were mainly localized in mitochondria compartments. An increase in maximal mitochondrial respiration was observed in PCa cells upon PDK inhibition by DCA, in parallel with less proliferative capacity. Conclusion Our findings support the notion that expression of specific PDH complex components is related with AR signaling in PCa tumors. Furthermore, PDK2 expression associated with poor PCa prognosis. This highlights a potential for PDH complex components as targets for intervention in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Maite Emaldi
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberto Llarena
- Department of Urology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Mitigates LPS-Induced Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction by Metabolic Regulation. Shock 2022; 57:308-317. [PMID: 35759309 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a fatal health issue induced by an aberrant host response to infection, and it correlates with organ damage and a high mortality rate. Endothelial barrier dysfunction and subsequent capillary leakage play major roles in sepsis-induced multiorgan dysfunction. Anaerobic glycolysis is the primary metabolic mode in sepsis and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) serves as a critical hub in energy regulation. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of PDHC in metabolic regulation during the development of sepsis-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction.In present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and C57 BL/6 mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as models of endotoxemia. LPS increased basal glycolysis, compensatory glycolysis, and lactate secretion, indicating increased glycolysis level in endothelial cells (ECs). Activation of PDHC with dichloroacetate (DCA) reversed LPS-induced glycolysis, allowing PDHC to remain in the active dephosphorylated state, thereby preventing lactic acid production and HUVECs monolayers barrier dysfunction, as assessed by transendothelial electrical resistance and Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-labeled dextran. The in vivo study also showed that the lactate level and vascular permeability were increased in LPS-treated mice, but pretreatment with DCA attenuated these increases. The LPS-treated HUVEC model showed that DCA reversed LPS-induced phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α Ser293 and Ser300 to restore PDHC activity. Immunoprecipitation results showed that LPS treatment increased the acetylation level of PDH E1α in HUVECs.Our study suggested that activation of PDHC may represent a therapeutic target for treatment of LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Anwar S, DasGupta D, Azum N, Alfaifi SY, Asiri AM, Alhumaydhi FA, Alsagaby SA, Sharaf SE, Shahwan M, Hassan MI. Inhibition of PDK3 by artemisinin, a repurposed antimalarial drug in cancer therapy. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Devkota K, Schmidt H, Werenski M, Murphy JM, Erden M, Arsenescu V, Cowen LJ. GLIDER: Function Prediction from GLIDE-based Neigborhoods. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:3395-3406. [PMID: 35575379 PMCID: PMC9237677 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Protein function prediction, based on the patterns of connection in a Protein-Protein Interaction (or Association) network, is perhaps the most studied of the classical, fundamental inference problems for biological networks. A highly successful set of recent approaches use random walk-based low dimensional embeddings, that tend to place functionally similar proteins into coherent spatial regions. However, these approaches lose valuable local graph structure from the network when considering only the embedding. We introduce GLIDER, a method that replaces a protein-protein interaction or association network with a new graph-based similarity network. GLIDER is based on a variant of our previous GLIDE method, which was designed to predict missing links in Protein-Protein Association networks, capturing implicit local and global (i.e. embedding-based) graph properties. RESULTS GLIDER outperforms competing methods on the task of predicting GO functional labels in cross-validation on a heterogeneous collection of four Human Protein-Protein Association networks derived from the 2016 DREAM Disease Module Identification Challenge, and also on three different protein-protein association networks built from the STRING database. We show that this is due to the strong functional enrichment that is present in the local GLIDER neighborhood in multiple different types of protein-protein association networks. Furthermore, we introduce the GLIDER graph neighborhood as a way for biologists to visualize the local neighborhood of a disease gene. As an application, we look at the local GLIDER neighborhoods of a set of known Parkinson's Disease GWAS genes, rediscover many genes which have known involvement in Parkinson's disease pathways, plus suggest some new genes to study. AVAILABILITY All code is publicly available and can be accessed here: https://github.com/kap-devkota/GLIDER. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION is available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Devkota
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Henri Schmidt
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Matt Werenski
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Mathematics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Mert Erden
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Victor Arsenescu
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Lenore J Cowen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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Goyal M, Tomar A, Madhwal S, Mukherjee T. Blood progenitor redox homeostasis through olfaction-derived systemic GABA in hematopoietic growth control in Drosophila. Development 2022; 149:273541. [PMID: 34850846 PMCID: PMC8733872 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myeloid development is well established. However, its aberrant generation alters hematopoiesis. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of events controlling ROS homeostasis forms the central focus of this study. We show that, in homeostasis, myeloid-like blood progenitor cells of the Drosophila larvae, which reside in a specialized hematopoietic organ termed the lymph gland, use TCA to generate ROS. However, excessive ROS production leads to lymph gland growth retardation. Therefore, to moderate blood progenitor ROS, Drosophila larvae rely on olfaction and its downstream systemic GABA. GABA internalization and its breakdown into succinate by progenitor cells activates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which controls inhibitory phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). PDH is the rate-limiting enzyme that connects pyruvate to the TCA cycle and to oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, GABA metabolism via PDK activation maintains TCA activity and blood progenitor ROS homeostasis, and supports normal lymph gland growth. Consequently, animals that fail to smell also fail to sustain TCA activity and ROS homeostasis, which leads to lymph gland growth retardation. Overall, this study describes the requirement of animal odor-sensing and GABA in myeloid ROS regulation and hematopoietic growth control. Summary: Ablation of olfactory receptor neurons reveals that odor-sensing and GABA are involved in myeloid reactive oxygen species regulation and hematopoietic growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Goyal
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Ajay Tomar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Sukanya Madhwal
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Tina Mukherjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
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Shimada BK, Boyman L, Huang W, Zhu J, Yang Y, Chen F, Kane MA, Yadava N, Zou L, Lederer WJ, Polster BM, Chao W. Pyruvate-Driven Oxidative Phosphorylation is Downregulated in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Study of Mitochondrial Proteome. Shock 2022; 57:553-564. [PMID: 34506367 PMCID: PMC8904652 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a major contributing factor for morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Accumulative evidence has suggested that cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is attenuated in sepsis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. METHODS Adult male mice of 9 to 12 weeks old were subjected to sham or cecal ligation and puncture procedure. Echocardiography in vivo and Langendorff-perfused hearts were used to assess cardiac function 24 h after the procedures. Unbiased proteomics analysis was performed to profile mitochondrial proteins in the hearts of both sham and SIC mice. Seahorse respirator technology was used to evaluate oxygen consumption in purified mitochondria. RESULTS Of the 665 mitochondrial proteins identified in the proteomics assay, 35 were altered in septic mice. The mitochondrial remodeling involved various energy metabolism pathways including subunits of the electron transport chain, fatty acid catabolism, and carbohydrate oxidative metabolism. We also identified a significant increase of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase 4 (PDK4) and inhibition of PDH activity in septic hearts. Furthermore, compared to sham mice, mitochondrial oxygen consumption of septic mice was significantly reduced when pyruvate was provided as a substrate. However, it was unchanged when PDH was bypassed by directly supplying the Complex I substrate NADH, or by using the Complex II substrate succinate, or using Complex IV substrate, or by providing the beta-oxidation substrate palmitoylcarnitine, neither of which require PDH for mitochondrial oxygen consumption. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a broad mitochondrial protein remodeling, PDH inactivation and impaired pyruvate-fueled oxidative phosphorylation during SIC, and provide a molecular framework for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana K. Shimada
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Liron Boyman
- The Department of Physiology and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jing Zhu
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yang Yang
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fengqian Chen
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lin Zou
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- The Department of Physiology and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei Chao
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Baltimore, Maryland
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Katayama Y, Kawata Y, Moritoh Y, Watanabe M. Dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, ameliorates type 2 diabetes via reduced gluconeogenesis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08889. [PMID: 35169648 PMCID: PMC8829582 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, which plays a key role in linking cytosolic glycolysis to mitochondria metabolism. PDH is physiologically inactivated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs). Thus, activation of PDH via inhibiting PDK may lead to metabolic benefits. In the present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of PDK inhibition using dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK inhibitor. Main methods We evaluated the effect of single dose of DCA on plasma metabolic parameters in normal rats. Next, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of DCA in diabetic ob/ob mice. In addition, we performed in vitro assays to understand the effect and mechanism of action of DCA on gluconeogenesis in mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 and rat hepatoma cell line FaO. Key findings In normal rats, a single dose of DCA decreased the plasma level of pyruvate, the product of glycolysis, and the plasma glucose level only in the fasting state. Meanwhile, a single dose of DCA lowered the plasma glucose level, and a three-week treatment decreased the fructosamine level in diabetic ob/ob mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated concentration-dependent suppression of lactate production in C2C12 myotubes. In addition, DCA suppressed glucose production from pyruvate and lactate in FaO hepatoma cells. Thus, DCA-mediated restricted supply of gluconeogenic substrates from the muscle to liver, and direct suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis might have contributed to its glucose-lowering effect in the current models. Significance PDK inhibitor may be considered as a potential antidiabetic agent harboring inhibitory effect on gluconeogenesis.
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Ge J, Zhang N, Tang S, Hu F, Hou X, Sun H, Han L, Wang Q. Loss of PDK1 Induces Meiotic Defects in Oocytes From Diabetic Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:793389. [PMID: 34988082 PMCID: PMC8720995 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes has been shown to impair oocyte quality; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model, we first detected and reduced expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) in diabetic oocytes, accompanying with the lowered phosphorylation of serine residue 232 on α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (Ser232-PDHE1α). Importantly, forced expression of PDK1 not only elevated the phosphorylation level of Ser232-PDHE1α, but also partly prevented the spindle disorganization and chromosome misalignment in oocytes from diabetic mice, with no beneficial effects on metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, a phospho-mimetic S232D-PDHE1α mutant is also capable of ameliorating the maternal diabetes-associated meiotic defects. In sum, our data indicate that PDK1-controlled Ser232-PDHE1α phosphorylation pathway mediates the effects of diabetic environment on oocyte competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Hou
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child HealthCare Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sang C, Philbert SA, Hartland D, Unwin RD, Dowsey AW, Xu J, Cooper GJS. Coenzyme A-Dependent Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enzymes Are Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease Consistent With Cerebral Pantothenate Deficiency. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:893159. [PMID: 35754968 PMCID: PMC9232186 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.893159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is the commonest cause of age-related neurodegeneration and dementia globally, and a leading cause of premature disability and death. To date, the quest for a disease-modifying therapy for sAD has failed, probably reflecting our incomplete understanding of aetiology and pathogenesis. Drugs that target aggregated Aβ/tau are ineffective, and metabolic defects are now considered to play substantive roles in sAD pathobiology. We tested the hypothesis that the recently identified, pervasive cerebral deficiency of pantothenate (vitamin B5) in sAD, might undermine brain energy metabolism by impairing levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle enzymes and enzyme complexes, some of which require the pantothenate-derived cofactor, coenzyme A (CoA) for their normal functioning. We applied proteomics to measure levels of the multi-subunit TCA-cycle enzymes and their cytoplasmic homologues. We analysed six functionally distinct brain regions from nine sAD cases and nine controls, measuring 33 cerebral proteins that comprise the nine enzymes of the mitochondrial-TCA cycle. Remarkably, we found widespread perturbations affecting only two multi-subunit enzymes and two enzyme complexes, whose function is modulated, directly or indirectly by CoA: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, isocitrate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, and succinyl-CoA synthetase. The sAD cases we studied here displayed widespread deficiency of pantothenate, the obligatory precursor of CoA. Therefore, deficient cerebral pantothenate can damage brain-energy metabolism in sAD, at least in part through impairing levels of these four mitochondrial-TCA-cycle enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sasha A. Philbert
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Hartland
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard. D Unwin
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Dowsey
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jingshu Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Garth J. S. Cooper
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