1
|
Juang YP, Tsai JY, Gu WL, Hsu HC, Lin CL, Wu CC, Liang PH. Discovery of 5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Juglone) Derivatives as Dual Effective Agents Targeting Platelet-Cancer Interplay through Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibition. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3626-3642. [PMID: 38381886 PMCID: PMC10945480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 2- and/or 3-substituted juglone derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among them, 9, 18, 22, 30, and 31 showed stronger inhibition activity against cell surface PDI or recombinant PDI and higher inhibitory effects on U46619- and/or collagen-induced platelet aggregation than juglone. The glycosylated derivatives 18 and 22 showed improved selectivity for inhibiting the proliferation of multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells, and the IC50 values reached 61 and 48 nM, respectively, in a 72 h cell viability test. In addition, 18 and 22 were able to prevent tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation and platelet-enhanced tumor cell proliferation. The molecular docking showed the amino acid residues Gln243, Phe440, and Leu443 are important for the compound-protein interaction. Our results reveal the potential of juglone derivatives to serve as novel antiplatelet and anticancer dual agents, which are available to interrupt platelet-cancer interplay through covalent binding to PDI catalytic active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pu Juang
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ying Tsai
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Product, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lan Gu
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Hsu
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Product, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lung Lin
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Product, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- The
Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang B, Zhang N, Li R, Fu Z, Sun Y, Ren Z, Mu F, Han Y, Han Y. Underlying Mechanisms of the Hedgehog-Like Panicle and Filamentous Leaf Tissue Symptoms Caused by Sclerospora graminicola in Foxtail Millet. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:73-83. [PMID: 37535821 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-23-0097-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola is a systemic infectious disease affecting foxtail millet production in Africa and Asia. S. graminicola-infected leaves could be decomposed to a state where only the veins remain, resulting in a filamentous leaf tissue symptom. The aim of the present study was to investigate how S. graminicola influences the formation of the filamentous leaf tissue symptoms in hosts at the morphological and molecular levels. We discovered that vegetative hyphae expanded rapidly, with high biomass accumulated at the early stages of S. graminicola infection. In addition, S. graminicola could affect spikelet morphological development at the panicle branch differentiation stage to the pistil and stamen differentiation stage by interfering with hormones and nutrient metabolism in the host, resulting in hedgehog-like panicle symptoms. S. graminicola could acquire high amounts of nutrients from host tissues through secretion of β-glucosidase, endoglucanase, and pectic enzyme, and destroyed host mesophyll cells by mechanical pressure caused by rapid expansion of hyphae. At the later stages, S. graminicola could rapidly complete sexual reproduction through tryptophan, fatty acid, starch, and sucrose metabolism and subsequently produce numerous oospores. Oospore proliferation and development further damage host leaves via mechanical pressure, resulting in a large number of degraded and extinct mesophyll cells and, subsequently, malformed leaves with only veins left, that is, "filamentous leaf tissue." Our study revealed the S. graminicola expansion characteristics from its asexual to sexual development stages, and the potential mechanisms via which the destructive effects of S. graminicola on hosts occur at different growth stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Renjian Li
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Zhenxin Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Yurong Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Zhixian Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Fan Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Yanqing Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effect of Juglone and Other Allelochemicals in Walnut Leaves on Yield, Quality and Metabolites of Snack Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Foods 2023; 12:foods12020371. [PMID: 36673463 PMCID: PMC9858246 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fresh vegetables has been consistently associated with numerous health benefits. However, several factors (such as allelochemicals) influence yield, quality, and metabolites, which inevitably affect the fruit quality and health benefits. The present study was conducted to investigate the yield, quality, metabolic responses, and potential toxicity of Cucumis sativus grown in juglone-containing soils. For the treatments, pure juglone (100 µM, 1 mM) and walnut leaf extracts (100 µM) in soil concentrations found in walnut orchards were used. A total of 36 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in fruits, leaves, and roots using a mass spectrometer coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. We concluded that juglone at a concentration of 100 µM or walnut leaf extract at the same juglone concentration does not affect the yield of C. sativus, while juglone at a concentration of 1 mM strongly affects it. In the case of juglone, juglone itself was found only in the roots of C. sativus, but not in the leaves or fruits, so C. sativus fruits are considered safe for cultivation in juglone-containing soils. However, this could prove problematic if the plants grown are tubers or root vegetables. The data suggest that juglone itself inhibits secondary metabolism in the plant, making it more susceptible to stress and pathogen attacks.
Collapse
|
4
|
Medic A, Zamljen T, Hudina M, Veberic R. Time-Dependent Degradation of Naphthoquinones and Phenolic Compounds in Walnut Husks. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:342. [PMID: 35205208 PMCID: PMC8869098 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how individual phenolic compounds and phenolic groups in walnut husk gratings (e.g., naphthoquinones, flavanols, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids) are oxidized over time, with a particular focus on the juglone synthase pathway. Walnut husk gratings were prepared and left under 'degradation' conditions (exposure to the air, room temperature) at increasing times. Following methanol extraction of these husk gratings, the HPLC profile of methanolic extract of husk gratings exhibited twenty-six compounds over time, then hydrojuglone glucoside, α-hydrojuglone, and juglone were detailed by HPLC-mass spectrometry. Initially (0-20 min), the content of hydrojuglone glucoside in the husk gratings decreased by 40.4%, while the content of α-hydrojuglone increased by 20.0%, and then decreased. After an initial delay (0-20 min), juglone increased by 47.9% from 20 to 40 min, and then decreased. This initially confirmed that hydrojuglone glucoside and α-hydrojuglone could be considered as precursors of juglone. Different phenolic groups showed different degradation processes, although they all reached their highest content after 40 min. This might arise from degradation of the phenols, increased free phenols, or activation of the plant defense mechanism due to damage to the tissue, similar to the effects of stress or a pathogen attack. Although it has been reported that the phenolic compounds decrease when food is processed or damaged, they showed increases, which were not indefinite, but time dependent. As phenolic compounds are considered highly beneficial to human health, increases upon processing indicate the need for further investigations into healthier food preparation processes. This is the first study on the degradation pathways of juglone, using a mass spectrometer, in which we suggest that hydrojuglone glucoside and α-hydrojuglone are indeed the precursors of juglone. However, it is possible that there are other degradation pathways of hydrojuglone glucoside, since less juglone is synthesized than expected.
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh AP, Sharma A. Structural Insights and Pharmaceutical Relevance of Plumbagin in Parasitic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 17:187-198. [PMID: 36065920 DOI: 10.2174/2772434417666220905121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, natural products have been became the center of attraction for the scientific society and exploration of their biologically abilities is proceeding continuously. In search for novel antiparasitic agents with an objective of protecting humans from parasitic infections, the present work was focused on naphthoquinones possessing antiparasitic activity. Among naphthoquinones, plumbagin is one of the secondary metabolites exhibiting diverse biological properties such as antibacterial, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, insecticidal and antiparasitic. Plumbagin is reported to have antischistosomiasis, anti-haemonchosis, anti-fascioliasis, antiotoacariasis, anti-leishmaniasis, antimalaria, antiallergic and anthelmintic activities. Besides, various methods of extraction of plumbagin from different methods, their effectiveness against different parasites, and the structure-activity relationship reported by different researchers. This work highlight on recent advancements in the phytochemistry of plumbagin, studies associated with various biological activities. The structure-activity relationship studies have also been summarized. To conclude, present review could be beneficial for the scientific community to get better insight into medicinal research of plumbagin and may provide a new horizon for the rational design of plumbagin based compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alok Sharma
- ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Medic A, Jakopic J, Solar A, Hudina M, Veberic R. Walnut ( J. regia) Agro-Residues as a Rich Source of Phenolic Compounds. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:535. [PMID: 34203814 PMCID: PMC8232793 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to identify and quantify the major phenolic compounds (phenolics) in the inner and outer husks, buds and bark of the Persian walnut, Juglans regia L. A comparison across six different cultivars grown in Slovenia was also carried out: 'Fernor', 'Fernette', 'Franquette', 'Sava', 'Krka' and 'Rubina'. A total of 83 compounds were identified, which included 25 naphthoquinones, 15 hydroxycinnamic acids, 8 hydroxybenzoic acids, 13 flavanols, 2 flavones, 1 flavanone and 19 flavonols. For the first time, 38 phenolics in the husks, 57 phenolics in the buds and 29 phenolics in the bark were presented in J. regia within this study. Naphthoquinones were the major phenolics determined, approximately 75% of all analysed phenolics in the inner husk, 85% in the outer husk, 50% in buds and 80% in bark. The highest content of phenolics was found in the walnut buds, followed by the bark, the inner husk and the outer husk. On the basis of these high phenolic contents, walnut husks, buds and bark represented valuable by-products of the walnut tree. These data also show origin-related phenolic contents across the cultivars, and thus these phenolic profiles might serve to define the origins of different walnut cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aljaz Medic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.J.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (R.V.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meyer GW, Bahamon Naranjo MA, Widhalm JR. Convergent evolution of plant specialized 1,4-naphthoquinones: metabolism, trafficking, and resistance to their allelopathic effects. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:167-176. [PMID: 33258472 PMCID: PMC7853596 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant 1,4-naphthoquinones encompass a class of specialized metabolites known to mediate numerous plant-biotic interactions. This class of compounds also presents a remarkable case of convergent evolution. The 1,4-naphthoquinones are synthesized by species belonging to nearly 20 disparate orders spread throughout vascular plants, and their production occurs via one of four known biochemically distinct pathways. Recent developments from large-scale biology and genetic studies corroborate the existence of multiple pathways to synthesize plant 1,4-naphthoquinones and indicate that extraordinary events of metabolic innovation and links to respiratory and photosynthetic quinone metabolism probably contributed to their independent evolution. Moreover, because many 1,4-naphthoquinones are excreted into the rhizosphere and they are highly reactive in biological systems, plants that synthesize these compounds also needed to independently evolve strategies to deploy them and to resist their effects. In this review, we highlight new progress made in understanding specialized 1,4-naphthoquinone biosynthesis and trafficking with a focus on how these discoveries have shed light on the convergent evolution and diversification of this class of compounds in plants. We also discuss how emerging themes in metabolism-based herbicide resistance may provide clues to mechanisms plants employ to tolerate allelopathic 1,4-naphthoquinones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George W Meyer
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maria A Bahamon Naranjo
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cytotoxicity of juglone and thymoquinone against pancreatic cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
9
|
Deans BJ, Tedone L, Bissember AC, Smith JA. Phytochemical profile of the rare, ancient clone Lomatia tasmanica and comparison to other endemic Tasmanian species L. tinctoria and L. polymorpha. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 153:74-78. [PMID: 29886159 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of the previously unexamined ancient Tasmanian clone Lomatia tasmanica W. M. Curtis (Proteaceae) and two other endemic species Lomatia tinctoria R. Br. and Lomatia polymorpha (Labill.) R. Br. was undertaken. This represents the first extensive natural products study in which individual phytochemical components have been isolated and identified from these three Lomatia species. Extraction of L. tasmanica leaves provided the naphthoquinone juglone (0.34% w/w), and n-alkanes nonacosane and heptacosane (0.30% w/w combined). L. polymorpha afforded the flavonoid glycosides dihydroquercetin 3-O-β-D-xyloside (0.22% w/w) and quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucose (0.14% w/w), as well as the naphthalene glucoside 1,4,8-trihydroxynaphthalene-1-O-β-d-glucose (0.04% w/w) and 4-O-p-coumaroyl-d-glucose (0.03% w/w). In addition, both L. polymorpha and L. tinctoria contained juglone (0.32% w/w and 0.58% w/w, respectively). L. polymorpha provided tetracosan-1-ol, hexacosan-1-ol and octacosan-1-ol (0.07% w/w combined), while L. tinctoria gave nonacosane (0.13% w/w). Analysis of three individual specimens from each of the three species demonstrated consistency in the respective phytochemical profiles of these populations and tentatively suggests limited intraspecific variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca J Deans
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Laura Tedone
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Jason A Smith
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Celedon JM, Bohlmann J. An extended model of heartwood secondary metabolism informed by functional genomics. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:311-319. [PMID: 28633414 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of heartwood (HW) and the associated accumulation of secondary metabolites, which are also known as 'specialized metabolites' or 'extractives', is an important feature of tree biology. Heartwood development can affect tree health with broader implications for forest health. Heartwood development also defines a variety of wood quality traits that are important in the forest industry such as durability and colour of wood products. In the bioproducts industry, HW provides a source of high-value small molecules such as fragrances and antimicrobials. The HW properties of decay resistance in living trees, durability and colour of wood products, and small molecule bioproducts are largely defined by secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of which appears to be activated during the onset of HW formation. Traditionally, it is thought that HW formation involves a spike in the activity of secondary metabolism in parenchyma cells in a transition zone between sapwood and HW, followed by programmed cell-death. The resulting HW tissue is thought to consist entirely of dead cells. Here, we discuss a variation of existing models of HW formation, based on the recent discovery of HW-specific transcriptome signatures of terpenoid biosynthesis in sandalwood (Santalum album L.) that invokes the activity of living cells in HW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Celedon
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, CanadaBC V6T 1Z4
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, CanadaBC V6T 1Z4
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Amand S, Vallet M, Guedon L, Genta-Jouve G, Wien F, Mann S, Dupont J, Prado S, Nay B. A Reactive Eremophilane and Its Antibacterial 2(1H)-Naphthalenone Rearrangement Product, Witnesses of a Microbial Chemical Warfare. Org Lett 2017; 19:4038-4041. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Amand
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS (UMR 7245 MCAM), Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier (CP 54), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Vallet
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS (UMR 7245 MCAM), Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier (CP 54), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Guedon
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS (UMR 7245 MCAM), Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier (CP 54), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Grégory Genta-Jouve
- Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8638 C-TAC),
Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL,
DISCO line, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Mann
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS (UMR 7245 MCAM), Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier (CP 54), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS
(UMR 7205 ISYEB), Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier (CP 39), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Soizic Prado
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS (UMR 7245 MCAM), Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier (CP 54), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bastien Nay
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS (UMR 7245 MCAM), Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier (CP 54), 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Investigating the interaction of juglone (5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone) with serum albumins using spectroscopic and in silico methods. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
13
|
Plumbagin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:229-246. [PMID: 27771927 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
14
|
Arasoglu T, Mansuroglu B, Derman S, Gumus B, Kocyigit B, Acar T, Kocacaliskan I. Enhancement of Antifungal Activity of Juglone (5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) Using a Poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticle System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7087-7094. [PMID: 27600097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize and characterize juglone-entrapped poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and compare the antifungal properties of free juglone with its PLGA nanoparticle formulation for the first time. The juglone-loaded nanoparticles prepared using the oil-in-water (o/w) single-emulsion solvent evaporation method were characterized by the reaction yield (RY), encapsulation efficiency (EE), polydispersity index (PDI), particle size, zeta potential (ZP), FT-IR, and in vitro release properties and evaluated for their morphological features using SEM. The nanoparticle formulation had size, RY, ZP, EE, and PDI values of 212 nm, 66.91 ± 2.4%, -16.3 ± 0.7 mV, 70.66 ± 3.1%, and 0.083 ± 0.024, respectively. In vitro release showed a triphasic pattern with initial burst followed by sustained release and dormant phase over the study period, releasing about 72.8% in total after 42 days. The antifungal studies against Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, and Fusarium spp. using agar dilution and top agar dilution methods indicated that the juglone-encapsulated nanoparticle was more effective than free juglone. This study showed that the top agar method, which was applied for the first time on antifungal activity, is more suitable for the nanoparticular system based on sustained release. Therefore, PLGA nanoparticle formulations may be an important tool for application in many areas for the effective and beneficial use of hydrophobic compounds such as juglone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Arasoglu
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Mansuroglu
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Derman
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Gumus
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Kocyigit
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Acar
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kocacaliskan
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Houston K, Tucker MR, Chowdhury J, Shirley N, Little A. The Plant Cell Wall: A Complex and Dynamic Structure As Revealed by the Responses of Genes under Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:984. [PMID: 27559336 PMCID: PMC4978735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall has a diversity of functions. It provides a structural framework to support plant growth and acts as the first line of defense when the plant encounters pathogens. The cell wall must also retain some flexibility, such that when subjected to developmental, biotic, or abiotic stimuli it can be rapidly remodeled in response. Genes encoding enzymes capable of synthesizing or hydrolyzing components of the plant cell wall show differential expression when subjected to different stresses, suggesting they may facilitate stress tolerance through changes in cell wall composition. In this review we summarize recent genetic and transcriptomic data from the literature supporting a role for specific cell wall-related genes in stress responses, in both dicot and monocot systems. These studies highlight that the molecular signatures of cell wall modification are often complex and dynamic, with multiple genes appearing to respond to a given stimulus. Despite this, comparisons between publically available datasets indicate that in many instances cell wall-related genes respond similarly to different pathogens and abiotic stresses, even across the monocot-dicot boundary. We propose that the emerging picture of cell wall remodeling during stress is one that utilizes a common toolkit of cell wall-related genes, multiple modifications to cell wall structure, and a defined set of stress-responsive transcription factors that regulate them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Houston
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
- *Correspondence: Kelly Houston
| | - Matthew R. Tucker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of AdelaideGlen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Jamil Chowdhury
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of AdelaideGlen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Neil Shirley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of AdelaideGlen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Alan Little
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of AdelaideGlen Osmond, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Widhalm JR, Rhodes D. Biosynthesis and molecular actions of specialized 1,4-naphthoquinone natural products produced by horticultural plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16046. [PMID: 27688890 PMCID: PMC5030760 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) are a diverse group of natural products found in every kingdom of life. Plants, including many horticultural species, collectively synthesize hundreds of specialized 1,4-NQs with ecological roles in plant-plant (allelopathy), plant-insect and plant-microbe interactions. Numerous horticultural plants producing 1,4-NQs have also served as sources of traditional medicines for hundreds of years. As a result, horticultural species have been at the forefront of many basic studies conducted to understand the metabolism and function of specialized plant 1,4-NQs. Several 1,4-NQ natural products derived from horticultural plants have also emerged as promising scaffolds for developing new drugs. In this review, the current understanding of the core metabolic pathways leading to plant 1,4-NQs is provided with additional emphasis on downstream natural products originating from horticultural species. An overview on the biochemical mechanisms of action, both from an ecological and pharmacological perspective, of 1,4-NQs derived from horticultural plants is also provided. In addition, future directions for improving basic knowledge about plant 1,4-NQ metabolism are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
- ()
| | - David Rhodes
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Zhao M, Su G, Cai M, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zhou C, Lin L. Antihyperuricemic activities of an ethanolic and aqueous extract of Walnut(Juglans regia L.)shell and a new aldehyde xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Guowan Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mengsen Cai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Chunming Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hua Y, Ekkhara W, Sansenya S, Srisomsap C, Roytrakul S, Saburi W, Takeda R, Matsuura H, Mori H, Ketudat Cairns JR. Identification of rice Os4BGlu13 as a β-glucosidase which hydrolyzes gibberellin A4 1-O-β-d-glucosyl ester, in addition to tuberonic acid glucoside and salicylic acid derivative glucosides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 583:36-46. [PMID: 26241499 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellin 1-O-β-d-glucose ester hydrolysis activity has been detected in rice seedling extracts, but no enzyme responsible for this activity has ever been purified and identified. Therefore, gibberellin A4 glucosyl ester (GA4-GE) β-d-glucosidase activity was purified from ten-day rice seedling stems and leaves. The family 1 glycoside hydrolase Os4BGlu13 was identified in the final purification fraction. The Os4BGlu13 cDNA was amplified from rice seedlings and expressed as an N-terminal thioredoxin-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant Os4BGlu13 protein (rOs4BGlu13) had an optimum pH of 4.5, for hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPGlc), which was the best substrate identified, with a kcat/Km of 637 mM(-1) s(-1). rOs4BGlu13 hydrolyzed helicin best among natural glycosides tested (kcat/Km of 74.4 mM(-1) s(-1)). Os4BGlu13 was previously designated tuberonic acid glucoside (TAG) β-glucosidase (TAGG), and here the kcat/Km of rOsBGlu13 for TAG was 6.68 mM(-1) s(-1), while that for GA4-GE was 3.63 mM(-1) s(-1) and for salicylic acid glucoside (SAG) is 0.88 mM(-1) s(-1). rOs4BGlu13 also hydrolyzed oligosaccharides, with preference for short β-(1 → 3)-linked over β-(1 → 4)-linked glucooligosaccharides. The enzymatic data suggests that Os4BGlu13 may contribute to TAG, SAG, oligosaccharide and GA4-GE hydrolysis in the rice plant, although helicin or a similar compound may be its primary target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Hua
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Watsamon Ekkhara
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sompong Sansenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathun Thani 12110, Thailand
| | | | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ellendorff T, Brun R, Kaiser M, Sendker J, Schmidt TJ. PLS-Prediction and Confirmation of Hydrojuglone Glucoside as the Antitrypanosomal Constituent of Juglans Spp. Molecules 2015; 20:10082-94. [PMID: 26035104 PMCID: PMC6272576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinones (NQs) occur naturally in a large variety of plants. Several NQs are highly active against protozoans, amongst them the causative pathogens of neglected tropical diseases such as human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Prominent NQ-producing plants can be found among Juglans spp. (Juglandaceae) with juglone derivatives as known constituents. In this study, 36 highly variable extracts were prepared from different plant parts of J. regia, J. cinerea and J. nigra. For all extracts, antiprotozoal activity was determined against the protozoans Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei rhodesiense and Leishmania donovani. In addition, an LC-MS fingerprint was recorded for each extract. With each extract's fingerprint and the data on in vitro growth inhibitory activity against T. brucei rhodesiense a Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model was calculated in order to obtain an indication of compounds responsible for the differences in bioactivity between the 36 extracts. By means of PLS, hydrojuglone glucoside was predicted as an active compound against T. brucei and consequently isolated and tested in vitro. In fact, the pure compound showed activity against T. brucei at a significantly lower cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells than established antiprotozoal NQs such as lapachol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Ellendorff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, Münster D-48149, Germany.
| | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstraße 57, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel CH-4003, Switzerland.
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstraße 57, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel CH-4003, Switzerland.
| | - Jandirk Sendker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, Münster D-48149, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, Münster D-48149, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Elavarasan S, Gopalakrishnan M. Synthesis, structural analysis, theoretical studies of some lawsone derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 133:1-6. [PMID: 24914993 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of lawsone derivatives are synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds are analyzed by FT-IR, Mass, Elemental analysis, (1)H, (13)C, HSQC, HMBC and theoretical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Elavarasan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Gopalakrishnan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hua Y, Sansenya S, Saetang C, Wakuta S, Ketudat Cairns JR. Enzymatic and structural characterization of hydrolysis of gibberellin A4 glucosyl ester by a rice β-D-glucosidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 537:39-48. [PMID: 23811195 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify a rice gibberellin ester β-D-glucosidase, gibberellin A4 β-D-glucosyl ester (GA4-GE) was synthesized and used to screen rice β-glucosidases. Os3BGlu6 was found to have the highest hydrolysis activity to GA4-GE among five recombinantly expressed rice glycoside hydrolase family GH1 enzymes from different phylogenic clusters. The kinetic parameters of Os3BGlu6 and its mutants E178Q, E178A, E394D, E394Q and M251N for hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPGlc) and GA4-GE confirmed the roles of the catalytic acid/base and nucleophile for hydrolysis of both substrates and suggested M251 contributes to binding hydrophobic aglycones. The activities of the Os3BGlu6 E178Q and E178A acid/base mutants were rescued by azide, which they transglucosylate to produce β-D-glucopyranosyl azide, in a pH-dependent manner, while acetate also rescued Os3BGlu6 E178A at low pH. High concentrations of sodium azide (200-400 mM) inhibited Os3BGlu6 E178Q but not Os3BGlu6 E178A. The structures of Os3BGlu6 E178Q crystallized with either GA4-GE or pNPGlc had a native α-D-glucosyl moiety covalently linked to the catalytic nucleophile, E394, which showed the hydrogen bonding to the 2-hydroxyl in the covalent intermediate. These data suggest that a GH1 β-glucosidase uses the same retaining catalytic mechanism to hydrolyze 1-O-acyl glucose ester and glucoside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Hua
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao L, Li J, Wang T, Liu L. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF FOUR FLAVONOID AGLYCONE ANALOGS IN THE INFLORESCENCE OF JUGLANS REGIA L. BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-DIODE ARRAY DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.706856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Lanzhou , P. R. China
| | - Jintian Li
- b Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation of Ministry of Education, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Lanzhou , P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Wang
- c Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill , Kannapolis , North Carolina , USA
| | - Lina Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Lanzhou , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wei L, Miao H, Zhao R, Han X, Zhang T, Zhang H. Identification and testing of reference genes for Sesame gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR. PLANTA 2013; 237:873-89. [PMID: 23229061 PMCID: PMC3579469 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient and important oilseed crop. However, few sesame reference genes have been selected for quantitative real-time PCR until now. Screening and validating reference genes is a requisite for gene expression normalization in sesame functional genomics research. In this study, ten candidate reference genes, i.e., SiACT, SiUBQ6, SiTUB, Si18S rRNA, SiEF1α, SiCYP, SiHistone, SiDNAJ, SiAPT and SiGAPDH, were chosen and examined systematically in 32 sesame samples. Three qRT-PCR analysis methods, i.e., geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper, were evaluated systematically. Results indicated that all ten candidate reference genes could be used as reference genes in sesame. SiUBQ6 and SiAPT were the optimal reference genes for sesame plant development; SiTUB was suitable for sesame vegetative tissue development, SiDNAJ for pathogen treatment, SiHistone for abiotic stress, SiUBQ6 for bud development and SiACT for seed germination. As for hormone treatment and seed development, SiHistone, SiCYP, SiDNAJ or SiUBQ6, as well as SiACT, SiDNAJ, SiTUB or SiAPT, could be used as reference gene, respectively. To illustrate the suitability of these reference genes, we analyzed the expression variation of three functional sesame genes of SiSS, SiLEA and SiGH in different organs using the optimal qRT-PCR system for the first time. The stability levels of optimal and worst reference genes screened for seed development, anther sterility and plant development were validated in the qRT-PCR normalization. Our results provided a reference gene application guideline for sesame gene expression characterization using qRT-PCR system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Miao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Zhao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Han
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tide Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Fischer TC, Gosch C, Mirbeth B, Gselmann M, Thallmair V, Stich K. Potent and specific bactericidal effect of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) on the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:12074-12081. [PMID: 23163769 DOI: 10.1021/jf303584r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A screening of plant quinones for inhibiting effects on the bacterial fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora was performed. The most active compound, juglone from walnuts, has a potent and specific bactericidal effect on E. amylovora and minimal inhibitory concentrations of only 2.5-10 μM, with stronger effects at lower, but still physiological, pH values. In vitro tests with juglone and inoculated flowers of apple (Malus domestica) showed an efficacy of 67% in preventing infection. In two years of field tests juglone had variable degrees of efficacy ranging from 40 to 82%, seemingly due to environmental conditions. A phytotoxic reaction to juglone, which is known for its allelopathic effect on plants, was restricted to browning of petals; later fruit russeting was not observed. Juglone is a promising candidate for the development of a new environmentally friendly plant protectant to replace the antibiotic streptomycin currently used in fire blight control.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sytykiewicz H. Expression patterns of glutathione transferase gene (GstI) in maize seedlings under juglone-induced oxidative stress. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7982-95. [PMID: 22174645 PMCID: PMC3233451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12117982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) has been identified in organs of many plant species within Juglandaceae family. This secondary metabolite is considered as a highly bioactive substance that functions as direct oxidant stimulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in acceptor plants. Glutathione transferases (GSTs, E.C.2.5.1.18) represent an important group of cytoprotective enzymes participating in detoxification of xenobiotics and limiting oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of tested allelochemical on growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Furthermore, the effect of juglone-induced oxidative stress on glutathione transferase (GstI) gene expression patterns in maize seedlings was recorded. It was revealed that 4-day juglone treatment significantly stimulated the transcriptional activity of GstI in maize seedlings compared to control plants. By contrast, at the 6th and 8th day of experiments the expression gene responses were slightly lower as compared with non-stressed seedlings. Additionally, the specific gene expression profiles, as well as the inhibition of primary roots and coleoptile elongation were proportional to juglone concentrations. In conclusion, the results provide strong molecular evidence that allelopathic influence of juglone on growth and development of maize seedlings may be relevant with an induction of oxidative stress in acceptor plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Sytykiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 12 Street, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-25-643-1298
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saling SC, Comar JF, Mito MS, Peralta RM, Bracht A. Actions of juglone on energy metabolism in the rat liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:319-27. [PMID: 21945490 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Juglone is a phenolic compound used in popular medicine as a phytotherapic to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, it also acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated liver mitochondria and, thus, may interfere with the hepatic energy metabolism. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of juglone on several metabolic parameters in the isolated perfused rat liver. Juglone, in the concentration range of 5 to 50μM, stimulated glycogenolysis, glycolysis and oxygen uptake. Gluconeogenesis from both lactate and alanine was inhibited with half-maximal effects at the concentrations of 14.9 and 15.7μM, respectively. The overall alanine transformation was increased by juglone, as indicated by the stimulated release of ammonia, urea, l-glutamate, lactate and pyruvate. A great increase (9-fold) in the tissue content of α-ketoglutarate was found, without a similar change in the l-glutamate content. The tissue contents of ATP were decreased, but those of ADP and AMP were increased. Experiments with isolated mitochondria fully confirmed previous notions about the uncoupling action of juglone. It can be concluded that juglone is active on metabolism at relatively low concentrations. In this particular it resembles more closely the classical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol. Ingestion of high doses of juglone, thus, presents the same risks as the ingestion of 2,4-dinitrophenol which comprise excessive compromising of ATP production, hyperthermia and even death. Low doses, i.e., moderate consumption of natural products containing juglone, however, could be beneficial to health if one considers recent reports about the consequences of chronic mild uncoupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simoni Cristina Saling
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Liver Metabolism, University of Maringá, 87020900 Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pollegioni P, Van der Linden G, Belisario A, Gras M, Anselmi N, Olimpieri I, Luongo L, Santini A, Turco E, Scarascia Mugnozza G, Malvolti ME. Mechanisms governing the responses to anthracnose pathogen in Juglans spp. J Biotechnol 2011; 159:251-64. [PMID: 21884735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Juglans nigra and Juglans regia are two highly economically important species for wood and fruit production that are susceptible to anthracnose caused by Gnomonia leptostyla. The identification of genotypes resistant to anthracnose could represent a valid alternative to agronomic and chemical management. In this study, we analyzed 72 walnut genotypes that showed a variety of resistance phenotypes in response to natural infection. According to the disease severity rating and microsatellite fingerprinting analysis, these genotypes were divided into three main groups: (40) J. nigra resistant, (1) J. nigra susceptible, and (31) J. regia susceptible. Data on leaf emergence rates and analysis of in vivo pathogenicity indicated that the incidence of anthracnose disease in the field might be partially conditioned by two key factors: the age and/or availability of susceptible leaves during the primary infection of fungus (avoidance by late flushing) and partial host resistance. NBS profiling approach, based on PCR amplification with an adapter primer for an adapter matching a restriction enzyme site and a degenerate primer targeting the conserved motifs present in the NBS domain of NBS-LRR genes, was applied. The results revealed the presence of a candidate marker that correlated to a reduction in anthracnose incidence in 72 walnut genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pollegioni
- C.N.R. - Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, Terni, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Piskorski R, Dorn S. How the oligophage codling moth Cydia pomonella survives on walnut despite its secondary metabolite juglone. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:744-750. [PMID: 21356213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Besides apple, its primary host, the codling moth Cydia pomonella uses walnut as a secondary host. Abundance of toxic naphthoquinones, among which juglone prevails, does not restrain this economically important pest insect from infesting walnut, but processes underlying the suitability of this host were yet unknown. Larvae feeding on an artificial diet supplemented with juglone at naturally occurring concentrations survived to adulthood at a similarly high proportion as those in the juglone-devoid control. However, their development time was prolonged, their weight gain was reduced, and adult sex ratio was distorted. Results from the natural system with walnut and apple fruits were in line with data gained on artificial diet. Remarkably, a twofold increase of the maximal juglone content reported from the walnut husk was lethal to the larvae. Chemical analyses showed that larvae feeding on the artificial diet supplemented with juglone concentrations present in walnut contained 1,4,5-trihydroxynaphthalene and excreted it in their frass, whereas the hemolymph contained neither detectable amounts of juglone nor the product of its reduction. Hence, effective metabolism of juglone in the intestinal system of the larvae underlies their survival on host plants containing this defensive compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Piskorski
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, Applied Entomology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Padhye S, Dandawate P, Yusufi M, Ahmad A, Sarkar FH. Perspectives on medicinal properties of plumbagin and its analogs. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:1131-58. [PMID: 23059762 DOI: 10.1002/med.20235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is one of the simplest plant secondary metabolite of three major phylogenic families viz. Plumbaginaceae, Droseraceae, and Ebenceae, and exhibits highly potent biological activities, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Recent investigations indicate that these activities arise mainly out of its ability to undergo redox cycling, generating reactive oxygen species and chelating trace metals in biological system. The compound is endowed with a property to inhibit the drug efflux mechanism in drug-resistant bacteria, thereby allowing intracellular accumulation of the potent drug molecules. An interesting bioactivity exhibited by this compound is the elimination of stringent, conjugative, multidrug-resistant plasmids from several bacterial strains including opportunistic bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii. Moreover, plumbagin effectively induces apoptosis and causes cell cycle arrest, which is, in part, due to the inactivation of NF-κB in cancer cells. Therefore, it has been suggested that designing "hybrid drug molecules" of plumbagin by combining it with other appropriate anticancer agents may lead to the generation of novel and potent anticancer drugs with pleiotropic action against human cancers. This comprehensive review is an attempt to understand the chemistry of plumbagin and catalog its biological activities reported to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Padhye
- Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Hudson Webber Cancer Research Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hadacek F, Bachmann G, Engelmeier D, Chobot V. Hormesis and a Chemical Raison D'être for Secondary Plant Metabolites. Dose Response 2010; 9:79-116. [PMID: 21431080 PMCID: PMC3057638 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.09-028.hadacek] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, accumulation in specific compartments and huge structural diversity of secondary metabolites is one trait that is not understood yet. By exploring the diverse abiotic and biotic interactions of plants above- and belowground, we provide examples that are characterized by nonlinear effects of the secondary metabolites. We propose that redox chemistry, specifically the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, in their absence, reduction of molecular oxygen by the identical secondary metabolite, is an important component of the hormetic effects caused by these compounds. This is illustrated for selected phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The redox reactions are modulated by the variable availability of transition metals that serve as donors of electrons in a Fenton reaction mode. Low levels of ROS stimulate growth, cell differentiation, and stress resistance; high levels induce programmed cell death. We propose that provision of molecules that can participate in this redox chemistry is the raison d'être for secondary metabolites. In this context, the presence or absence of functional groups in the molecule is more essential than the whole structure. Accordingly, there exist no constraints that limit structural diversity. Redox chemistry is ubiquitous, from the atmosphere to the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Hadacek
- Department of Chemical Ecology and Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Department of Chemical Ecology and Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Engelmeier
- Department of Chemical Ecology and Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Chobot
- Department of Chemical Ecology and Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sansenya S, Ketudat Cairns JR, Opassiri R. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Os4BGlu12 beta-glucosidase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2010; 66:320-3. [PMID: 20208171 PMCID: PMC2833047 DOI: 10.1107/s174430911000103x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Os4BGlu12, a glycoside hydrolase family 1 beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal thioredoxin/His(6) tag in Escherichia coli strain Origami B (DE3) and purified with subsequent removal of the N-terminal tag. Native Os4BGlu12 and its complex with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranoside (DNP2FG) were crystallized using 19% polyethylene glycol (3350 or 2000, respectively) in 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 8.5, 0.16 M NaCl at 288 K. Diffraction data sets for the apo and inhibitor-bound forms were collected to 2.50 and 2.45 A resolution, respectively. The space group and the unit-cell parameters of the crystal indicated the presence of two molecules per asymmetric unit, with a solvent content of 50%. The structure of Os4BGlu12 was successfully solved in space group P4(3)2(1)2 by molecular replacement using the white clover cyanogenic beta-glucosidase structure (PDB code 1cbg) as a search model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sompong Sansenya
- Schools of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- Schools of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Rodjana Opassiri
- Schools of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Morant AV, Jørgensen K, Jørgensen C, Paquette SM, Sánchez-Pérez R, Møller BL, Bak S. beta-Glucosidases as detonators of plant chemical defense. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1795-813. [PMID: 18472115 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Some plant secondary metabolites are classified as phytoanticipins. When plant tissue in which they are present is disrupted, the phytoanticipins are bio-activated by the action of beta-glucosidases. These binary systems--two sets of components that when separated are relatively inert--provide plants with an immediate chemical defense against protruding herbivores and pathogens. This review provides an update on our knowledge of the beta-glucosidases involved in activation of the four major classes of phytoanticipins: cyanogenic glucosides, benzoxazinoid glucosides, avenacosides and glucosinolates. New aspects of the role of specific proteins that either control oligomerization of the beta-glucosidases or modulate their product specificity are discussed in an evolutionary perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vinther Morant
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology and The VKR Research Centre Proactive Plants, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kato E, Sasaki T, Ueda M. Affinity purification and characterization of a key enzyme responsible for circadian rhythmic control of nyctinasty in Lespedeza cuneata L. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4600-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
35
|
von Kiparski GR, Lee LS, Gillespie AR. Occurrence and fate of the phytotoxin juglone in alley soils under black walnut trees. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2007; 36:709-17. [PMID: 17412906 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone) is a chemical released by walnut trees, which can be toxic at various levels to several plant species. A balance among competing source and sink mechanisms and rates will ultimately determine whether juglone is capable of attaining sufficient levels to be allelopathic to intercrops in a walnut tree agroforestry system. In this study, juglone's release, accumulation, and decline in soil are explored using data from soil beneath a black walnut tree (Juglans nigra L) alley cropping system, greenhouse pot studies, and laboratory sorption/degradation studies. Juglone pore water concentrations estimated from extracts of surficial soil from beneath the alley cropping system exceeded the lowest solution culture toxicity levels reported for some plants of 10(-7) M, but did not exceed the inhibition threshold reported for typical intercrops such as maize and soybeans 10(-5) M. Further assessment of the likely persistence of juglone in soils indicated that juglone is both microbially and abiotically degraded, and that it will be particularly short-lived in soils supporting microbial activity. However, walnut seedlings planted in sand-filled pots clearly showed that juglone is released in measurable quantities to the soil's rhizosphere. Therefore, juglone accumulation in low fertility soils is plausible, and may still be worthy of consideration in management of alley agroforestry systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guntram R von Kiparski
- Dep. of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guo P, Bai G, Carver B, Li R, Bernardo A, Baum M. Transcriptional analysis between two wheat near-isogenic lines contrasting in aluminum tolerance under aluminum stress. Mol Genet Genomics 2006; 277:1-12. [PMID: 17039377 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-006-0169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms of aluminum (Al) tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries were constructed from Al-stressed roots of two near-isogenic lines (NILs). A total of 1,065 putative genes from the SSH libraries was printed in a cDNA array. Relative expression levels of those genes were compared between two NILs at seven time points of Al stress from 15 min to 7 days. Fifty-seven genes were differentially expressed for at least one time point of Al treatment. Among them, 28 genes including genes for aluminum-activated malate transporter-1, ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase-1, beta-glucosidase, lectin, histidine kinase, and phospoenolpyruvate carboxylase showed more abundant transcripts in Chisholm-T and therefore may facilitate Al tolerance. In addition, a set of genes related to senescence and starvation of nitrogen, iron, and sulfur, such as copper chaperone homolog, nitrogen regulatory gene-2, yellow stripe-1, and methylthioribose kinase, was highly expressed in Chisholm-S under Al stress. The results suggest that Al tolerance may be co-regulated by multiple genes with diverse functions, and those genes abundantly expressed in Chisholm-T may play important roles in enhancing Al tolerance. The down-regulated genes in Chisholm-S may repress root growth and restrict uptake of essential nutrient elements, and lead to root senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiguo Guo
- College of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Boonclarm D, Sornwatana T, Arthan D, Kongsaeree P, Svasti J. beta-Glucosidase catalyzing specific hydrolysis of an iridoid beta-glucoside from Plumeria obtusa. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2006; 38:563-70. [PMID: 16894479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An iridoid beta-glucoside, namely plumieride coumarate glucoside, was isolated from the Plumeria obtusa (white frangipani) flower. A beta-glucosidase, purified to homogeneity from P. obtusa, could hydrolyze plumieride coumarate glucoside to its corresponding 13-O-coumarylplumieride. Plumeria beta-glucosidase is a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 60.6 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.90. The purified beta-glucosidase had an optimum pH of 5.5 for p-nitrophenol (pNP)-beta-D-glucoside and for its natural substrate. The Km values for pNP-beta-D-glucoside and Plumeria beta-glucoside were 5.04+/-0.36 mM and 1.02+/-0.06 mM, respectively. The enzyme had higher hydrolytic activity towards pNP-beta-D-fucoside than pNP-beta-D-glucoside. No activity was found for other pNP-glycosides. Interestingly, the enzyme showed a high specificity for the glucosyl group attached to the C-7' position of the coumaryl moiety of plumieride coumarate glucoside. The enzyme showed poor hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-glucoside and esculin, and did not hydrolyze alkyl-beta-glucosides, glucobioses, cyanogenic-beta-glucosides, steroid beta-glucosides, nor other iridoid beta-glucosides. In conclusion, the Plumeria beta-glucosidase shows high specificity for its natural substrate, plumieride coumarate glucoside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doungkamol Boonclarm
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Arthan D, Kittakoop P, Esen A, Svasti J. Furostanol glycoside 26-O-beta-glucosidase from the leaves of Solanum torvum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:27-33. [PMID: 16289258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Revised: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A beta-glucosidase (torvosidase) was purified to homogeneity from the young leaves of Solanum torvum. The enzyme was highly specific for cleavage of the glucose unit attached to the C-26 hydroxyl of furostanol glycosides from the same plant, namely torvosides A and H. Purified torvosidase is a monomeric glycoprotein, with a native molecular weight of 87 kDa by gel filtration and a pI of 8.8 by native agarose IEF. Optimum pH of the enzyme for p-nitrophenyl-beta-glucoside and torvoside H was 5.0. Kinetic studies showed that Km values for torvoside A (0.06 3mM) and torvoside H (0.068 mM) were much lower than those for synthetic substrates, pNP-beta-glucoside (1.03 mM) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-glucoside (0.78 mM). The enzyme showed strict specificity for the beta-d-glucosyl bond when tested for glycone specificity. Torvosidase hydrolyses only torvosides and dalcochinin-8'-beta-glucoside, which is the natural substrate of Thai rosewood beta-glucosidase, but does not hydrolyse other natural substrates of the GH1 beta-glucosidases or of the GH3 beta-glucosidase families. Torvosidase also hydrolyses C5-C10 alkyl-beta-glucosides, with a rate of hydrolysis increasing with longer alkyl chain length. The internal peptide sequence of Solanum beta-glucosidase shows high similarity to the sequences of family GH3 glycosyl hydrolases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dumrongkiet Arthan
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein Structure and Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chuankhayan P, Hua Y, Svasti J, Sakdarat S, Sullivan PA, Ketudat Cairns JR. Purification of an isoflavonoid 7-O-beta-apiosyl-glucoside beta-glycosidase and its substrates from Dalbergia nigrescens Kurz. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:1880-9. [PMID: 16098548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A beta-glycosidase was purified from the seeds of Dalbergia nigescens Kurz based on its ability to hydrolyse p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside and beta-fucoside. This enzyme did not hydrolyze various glycosidic substrates efficiently, so it was used to identify its own natural substrates. Two substrates were identified, isolated and their structures determined as: compound 1, dalpatein 7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and compound 2, 6,2',4',5'-tetramethoxy-7-hydroxy-7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (dalnigrein7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside). The beta-glycosidase removes the sugar from these glycosides as a disaccharide, despite its initial identification as a beta-glucosidase and beta-fucosidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phimonphan Chuankhayan
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Schools of Biochemistry and Chemistry, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hejl AM, Koster KL. Juglone disrupts root plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and impairs water uptake, root respiration, and growth in soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays). J Chem Ecol 2004; 30:453-71. [PMID: 15112735 DOI: 10.1023/b:joec.0000017988.20530.d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Juglone is phytotoxic, but the mechanisms of growth inhibition have not been fully explained. Previous studies have proposed that disruption of electron transport functions in mitochondria and chloroplasts contribute to observed growth reduction in species exposed to juglone. In studies reported here, corn and soybean seedlings grown in nutrient solution amended with 10, 50, or 100 microM juglone showed significant decreases in root and shoot dry weights and lengths with increasing concentrations. However, no significant differences in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence or CO2-dependent leaf oxygen evolution were observed, even in seedlings that were visibly affected. Disruption of root oxygen uptake was positively correlated with increasing concentrations of juglone, suggesting that juglone may reach mitochondria in root cells. Water uptake and acid efflux also decreased for corn and soybean seedlings treated with juglone, suggesting that juglone may affect metabolism of root cells by disrupting root plasma membrane function. Therefore, the effect of juglone on H+-ATPase activity in corn and soybean root microsomes was tested. Juglone treatments from 10 to 1000 microM significantly reduced H+-ATPase activity compared to controls. This inhibition of H+-ATPase activity and observed reduction of water uptake offers a logical explanation for previously documented phytotoxicity of juglone. Impairment of this enzyme's activity could affect plant growth in a number of ways because proton-pumping in root cells drives essential plant processes such as solute uptake and, hence, water uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Hejl
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nikaido T, Liu L, Li W, Koike K. Two New Naphthalenyl Glucosides and a New Phenylbutyric Acid Glucoside from the Fruit of Juglans mandshurica. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-04-10054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
42
|
Mastelić J, Jerković I. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of free and glycoconjugated aroma compounds of seasonally collected Satureja montana L. Food Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
43
|
Hsieh MC, Graham TL. Partial purification and characterization of a soybean beta-glucosidase with high specific activity towards isoflavone conjugates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 58:995-1005. [PMID: 11730862 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A beta-glucosidase with high specific activity towards isoflavone conjugates was purified from soybean [Glycine max] roots by high salt extraction from a low speed centrifugal pellet and subsequent anion and cation exchange chromatography. Purification required stabilization throughout fractionation in 10% glycerol. The enzyme is most likely a dimer (approximate M(r) 165 kDa) with potential subunits of M(r) 80 and/or 75 kDa. The pH and temperature optima are pH 6 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was highly heat-stable. Of the various potential effectors examined, silver and mercury ions were the most inhibitory. The IC(50) of silver ions was increased from 140 microM to 14 mM in the presence of 250 microM beta-mercaptoethanol. Glucono-delta-lactone was not strongly inhibitory (IC(50) 24 mM). The activity was highly active against isoflavone conjugates, with a specificity constant 160-1000 fold higher for isoflavone conjugates over the generic chromogenic substrate, p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside. The enzyme was inactive against the flavonol glycosides tested. The partially purified enzyme had similar K(m) and k(cat) towards 7-O-glucosyl- and 7-O-glucosyl-6"-malonyl-isoflavones, suggesting that it may be able to cleave the esterified glucosyl conjugate. We hypothesize that the enzyme is involved in the release of daidzein and genistein, both of which play central roles in soybean defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Hsieh
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bazzi MD. Interaction of camel lens zeta-crystallin with quinones: portrait of a substrate by fluorescence spectroscopy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 395:185-90. [PMID: 11697855 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of camel lens zeta-crystallin, an NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase, with several quinone derivatives was examined by fluorescence spectroscopy and activity measurements. Fluorescence of zeta-crystallin was quenched to different levels by the different quinones:juglone (5-OH, 1,4 naphthoquinone), 1,4 naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ), and 1,2 naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) considerably quenched the fluorescence of zeta-crystallin, where as the commonly used substrate, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) did not induce significant quenching. Activity measurements showed only PQ served as a substrate for camel lens zeta-crystallin, while juglone, 1,4-NQ, and 1,2-NQ were inhibitors. Thus quinones that interacted with zeta-crystallin directly inhibited the enzyme, whereas the substrate had very low affinity for the enzyme in the absence of NADPH. Another substrate, dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP), conformed to the same pattern; DCIP did not quench the fluorescence of the enzyme significantly, but served as a substrate. This pattern is consistent with an ordered mechanism of catalysis with quinone being the second substrate. All three naphthoquinones were uncompetitive inhibitors with respect to NADPH and noncompetitive with respect to PQ. These kinetics are similar to those exhibited by cysteine- and/or lysine-modifying agents. Juglone, 1,4-NQ, and 1,2-NQ interacted with and quenched the fluorescence of camel lens alpha-crystallin, but to lesser extent than that of zeta-crystallin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Bazzi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|