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Gutiérrez-Rey M, Castellar-Visbal L, Acevedo-Vergara K, Vargas-Manotas J, Rivera-Porras D, Londoño-Juliao G, Castillo-Guerrero B, Perdomo-Jiménez MC, Bermúdez V. The Weight of Bariatric Surgery: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome after Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy-A Case Series. J Pers Med 2024; 14:638. [PMID: 38929859 PMCID: PMC11204981 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this case series, the simultaneous occurrence of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and dry beriberi was reported in three patients who underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) between May 2021 and May 2023. All patients were obese women who underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) without immediate postoperative complications, but two weeks later, hyperemesis and subsequent encephalopathy with ocular movement abnormalities and weakness were observed over the following thirty days. Patients were referred to neurology, where due to the high suspicion of WE, thiamine replacement therapy was initiated; meanwhile, diagnostic neuroimaging and blood tests were conducted. Neurological and psychiatric evaluations and neuroconduction studies were performed to assess the clinical evolution and present sequelae. One year after diagnosis, all patients exhibited affective and behavioral sequelae, anterograde memory impairment, and executive functioning deficits. Two patients met the criteria for Korsakoff syndrome. Additionally, peripheral nervous system sequelae were observed, with all patients presenting with sensorimotor polyneuropathy. In conclusion, Wernicke's encephalopathy requires a high diagnostic suspicion for timely intervention and prevention of irreversible sequelae, which can be devastating. Therefore, raising awareness among medical professionals regarding the significance of this disease is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gutiérrez-Rey
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - Lily Castellar-Visbal
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | | | - José Vargas-Manotas
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - Diego Rivera-Porras
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Centro de Investigación en Estudios Fronterizos, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia;
| | - Gloria Londoño-Juliao
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - Brenda Castillo-Guerrero
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - María-Camila Perdomo-Jiménez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
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2
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Parkhomenko YM, Vovk AI, Protasova ZS, Pylypchuk SY, Chorny SA, Pavlova OS, Mejenska OA, Chehovska LI, Stepanenko SP. Thiazolium salt mimics the non-coenzyme effects of vitamin B 1 in rat synaptosomes. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105791. [PMID: 38880231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Long-term studies have confirmed a causal relationship between the development of neurodegenerative processes and vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the high neurotropic activity of thiamine are not fully understood. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that vitamin B1, in addition to its coenzyme functions, may have non-coenzyme activities that are particularly important for neurons. To elucidate which effects of vitamin B1 in neurons are due to its coenzyme function and which are due to its non-coenzyme activity, we conducted a comparative study of the effects of thiamine and its derivative, 3-decyloxycarbonylmethyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazolium chloride (DMHT), on selected processes in synaptosomes. The ability of DMHT to effectively compete with thiamine for binding to thiamine-binding sites on the plasma membrane of synaptosomes and to participate as a substrate in the thiamine pyrophosphokinase reaction was demonstrated. In experiments with rat brain synaptosomes, unidirectional effects of DMHT and thiamine on the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and on the incorporation of radiolabeled [2-14C]pyruvate into acetylcholine were demonstrated. The observed effects of thiamine and DMHT on the modulation of acetylcholine synthesis can be explained by suggesting that both compounds, which interact in cells with enzymes of thiamine metabolism, are phosphorylated and exert an inhibitory/activating effect (concentration-dependent) on PDC activity by affecting the regulatory enzymes of the complex. Such effects were not observed in the presence of structural analogs of thiamine and DMHT without a 2-hydroxyethyl substituent at position 5 of the thiazolium cycle. The effect of DMHT on the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase was similar to that of thiamine. At the same time, DMHT showed high cytostatic activity against neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu M Parkhomenko
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine.
| | - A I Vovk
- Department of Bioorganic Mechanisms, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Z S Protasova
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - S Yu Pylypchuk
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - S A Chorny
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - O S Pavlova
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - O A Mejenska
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - L I Chehovska
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - S P Stepanenko
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
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Avezum L, Madode YE, Mestres C, Achir N, Delpech C, Chapron M, Gibert O, Rajjou L, Rondet E. New insights into the rapid germination process of lentil and cowpea seeds: High thiamine and folate, and low α-galactoside content. Food Chem 2024; 439:138027. [PMID: 38029561 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
During germination sensu-stricto in pulses, an increase in the content of thiamine (B1) and folate (B9) vitamins is expected, along with a reduction in α-galactoside levels. The aim of our study was to optimize germination to increase the nutritional quality of lentils and cowpeas. An experimental design was carried out at 12 h and 24 h of imbibition to analyze the effects of temperature, light, and water content on thiamine, folate, and α-galactoside content. Germination increased thiamine content by 152% in lentils, while in cowpeas, the increase was only 10%. Folate content in cowpea increased by 33%, while α-galactoside content decreased by 99% in cowpeas and by 48% in lentils. Germination sensu-stricto can be safely implemented by any food company worldwide as it is simple and involves less sanitary risk than sprouting. This opens up opportunities for enhancing food nutrient content and new ways of processing pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Avezum
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Yann E Madode
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Christian Mestres
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Nawel Achir
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Delpech
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Chapron
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Gibert
- CIRAD, AGAP Institute, Université de Montpellier-CIRAD-INRAE-Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Eric Rondet
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Malinowska M, Czerniecka M, Jastrzebska I, Ratkiewicz A, Tylicki A, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N. In Vitro and In Silico Studies on Cytotoxic Properties of Oxythiamine and 2'-Methylthiamine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4359. [PMID: 38673944 PMCID: PMC11050282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to search for cytostatic compounds in order to fight cancer. One of them could be 2'-methylthiamine, which is a thiamine antimetabolite with an additional methyl group at the C-2 carbon of thiazole. So far, the cytostatic potential of 2'-methylthiamine has not been studied. We have come forward with a simplified method of synthesis using commercially available substrates and presented a comparison of its effects, as boosted by oxythiamine, on normal skin fibroblasts and HeLa cancer cells, having adopted in vitro culture techniques. Oxythiamine has been found to inhibit the growth and metabolism of cancer cells significantly better than 2'-methylthiamine (GI50 36 and 107 µM, respectively), while 2'-methylthiamine is more selective for cancer cells than oxythiamine (SI = 180 and 153, respectively). Docking analyses have revealed that 2'-methylthiamine (ΔG -8.2 kcal/mol) demonstrates a better affinity with thiamine pyrophosphokinase than thiamine (ΔG -7.5 kcal/mol ) and oxythiamine (ΔG -7.0 kcal/mol), which includes 2'-methylthiamine as a potential cytostatic. Our results suggest that the limited effect of 2'-methylthiamine on HeLa arises from the related arduous transport as compared to oxythiamine. Given that 2'-methylthiamine may possibly inhibit thiamine pyrophosphokinase, it could once again be considered a potential cytostatic. Thus, research should be carried out in order to find the best way to improve the transport of 2'-methylthiamine into cells, which may trigger its cytostatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Malinowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (I.J.)
| | - Magdalena Czerniecka
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Department of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabella Jastrzebska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (I.J.)
| | - Artur Ratkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (I.J.)
| | - Adam Tylicki
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
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5
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Zhao S, Solem C. Thiamine-Starved Lactococcus lactis for Producing Food-Grade Pyruvate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4858-4868. [PMID: 38377583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a safe lactic acid bacterium widely used in dairy fermentations. Normally, its main fermentation product is lactic acid; however, L. lactis can be persuaded into producing other compounds, e.g., through genetic engineering. Here, we have explored the possibility of rewiring the metabolism of L. lactis into producing pyruvate without using genetic tools. Depriving the thiamine-auxotrophic and lactate dehydrogenase-deficient L. lactis strain RD1M5 of thiamine efficiently shut down two enzymes at the pyruvate branch, the thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHc) and α-acetolactate synthase (ALS). After eliminating the remaining enzyme acting on pyruvate, the highly oxygen-sensitive pyruvate formate lyase (PFL), by simple aeration, the outcome was pyruvate production. Pyruvate could be generated by nongrowing cells and cells growing in a substrate low in thiamine, e.g., Florisil-treated milk. Pyruvate is a precursor for the butter aroma compound diacetyl. Using an α-acetolactate decarboxylase deficient L. lactis strain, pyruvate could be converted to α-acetolactate and diacetyl. Summing up, by starving L. lactis for thiamine, secretion of pyruvate could be attained. The food-grade pyruvate produced has many applications, e.g., as an antioxidant or be used to make butter aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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da Silva MP, Lima FW, Moura AG, Nunes JP, de Cordova CA, de Cordova FM. ERK1/2 modulation in the central nervous system of male and female thiamine-deficient mice with amprolium. Lab Anim 2024; 58:22-33. [PMID: 37684026 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231191586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency experimental models focus on using the pyrithiamine analog in male rodents, making the thiamine deficiency effects in females and the use of other thiamine antagonists, such as amprolium, unknown. We investigated the impact of thiamine deficiency with amprolium in the cerebral cortex and thalamus of male and female mice by evaluating the modulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The animals were exposed for 20 days to thiamine-deficient chow with different doses of amprolium (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg) and at different treatment periods (five, 10, 15 or 20 days) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. After treatments, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was analyzed by western blot. In male mice, we observed a progressive increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both the cerebral cortex and thalamus in response to the dose of amprolium. In females, ERK1/2 phosphorylation did not progressively increase in response to the amprolium dosage. However, an increase in phosphorylation at the higher doses of 60 and 80 mg/kg was observed. We observed a more intense increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in males' cerebral cortex and thalamus from 10 days onwards. In females, the ERK1/2 modulation profiles were similar. The results show that thiamine deficiency induction with amprolium is efficient, compatible with other recognized models that use pyrithiamine, showing changes in cell signaling in the nervous system. The study showed differences in response to thiamine deficiency with amprolium between male and female mice in relation to ERK1/2 phosphorylation and demonstrated that females respond positively to the method and can also be used as model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian P da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Francisco Wb Lima
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Adha Gs Moura
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Julia P Nunes
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano M de Cordova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
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Bozic I, Lavrnja I. Thiamine and benfotiamine: Focus on their therapeutic potential. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21839. [PMID: 38034619 PMCID: PMC10682628 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and overall health. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the conversion of carbohydrates into energy in the body. Thiamine is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, heart and muscles. Thiamine deficiency is a life-threatening disease that leads to various disorders and lesions in the nerves and brain, at least in vertebrates. Several thiamine precursors with higher bioavailability have been developed to compensate for thiamine deficiency, including benfotiamine. Benfotiamine is more bioavailable and has higher tissue penetration than thiamine. Studies have shown its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in activated immune and glial cells. It also improves complications observed in type 2 diabetes and has beneficial effects in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. Benfotiamine represents an off-the-shelf agent used to support nerve health, promote healthy aging and support glucose metabolism. Accordingly, the present review aimed to provide an overview of the neuroprotective effects of thiamine/benfotiamine in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Bozic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Dragan G, Majsterek I. The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in humans. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230374. [PMID: 37389565 PMCID: PMC10568373 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (thiamin, B1) is a vitamin necessary for proper cell function. It exists in a free form as a thiamine, or as a mono-, di- or triphosphate. Thiamine plays a special role in the body as a coenzyme necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. In addition, it participates in the cellular respiration and oxidation of fatty acids: in malnourished people, high doses of glucose result in acute thiamine deficiency. It also participates in energy production in the mitochondria and protein synthesis. In addition, it is also needed to ensure the proper functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system, where it is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis. Its deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, lactate and pyruvate accumulation, and consequently to focal thalamic degeneration, manifested as Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. It can also lead to severe or even fatal neurologic and cardiovascular complications, including heart failure, neuropathy leading to ataxia and paralysis, confusion, or delirium. The most common risk factor for thiamine deficiency is alcohol abuse. This paper presents current knowledge of the biological functions of thiamine, its antioxidant properties, and the effects of its deficiency in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mrowicka
- Małgorzata Mrowicka, Jerzy Mrowicki, Grzegorz Dragan, Ireneusz Majsterek, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mrowicki
- Małgorzata Mrowicka, Jerzy Mrowicki, Grzegorz Dragan, Ireneusz Majsterek, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dragan
- Małgorzata Mrowicka, Jerzy Mrowicki, Grzegorz Dragan, Ireneusz Majsterek, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Małgorzata Mrowicka, Jerzy Mrowicki, Grzegorz Dragan, Ireneusz Majsterek, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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9
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Rowland FE, Richter CA, Tillitt DE, Walters DM. Evolutionary and ecological correlates of thiaminase in fishes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18147. [PMID: 37875540 PMCID: PMC10598016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is required by all living organisms in multiple metabolic pathways. It is scarce in natural systems, and deficiency can lead to reproductive failure, neurological issues, and death. One major cause of thiamine deficiency is an overreliance on diet items containing the enzyme thiaminase. Thiaminase activity has been noted in many prey fishes and linked to cohort failure in salmonid predators that eat prey fish with thiaminase activity, yet it is generally unknown whether evolutionary history, fish traits, and/or environmental conditions lead to production of thiaminase. We conducted literature and GenBank BLAST sequence searches to collect thiaminase activity data and sequence homology data in expressed protein sequences for 300 freshwater and marine fishes. We then tested whether presence or absence of thiaminase could be predicted by evolutionary relationships, trophic level, omega-3 fatty acid concentrations, habitat, climate, invasive potential, and body size. There was no evolutionary relationship with thiaminase activity. It first appears in Class Actinoptergyii (bony ray-finned fishes) and is present across the entire Actinoptergyii phylogeny in both primitive and derived fish orders. Instead, ecological factors explained the most variation in thiaminase: fishes were more likely to express thiaminase if they fed closer to the base of the food web, were high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, lived in freshwater, and were from tropical climates. These data provide a foundation for understanding sources of thiaminase leading to thiamine deficiency in fisheries and other organisms, including humans that eat uncooked fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya E Rowland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
| | - Catherine A Richter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - David M Walters
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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10
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Chan AHY, Ho TCS, Irfan R, Hamid RAA, Rudge ES, Iqbal A, Turner A, Hirsch AKH, Leeper FJ. Design of thiamine analogues for inhibition of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes: Systematic investigation through Scaffold-Hopping and C2-Functionalisation. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106602. [PMID: 37201323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), the bioactive form of vitamin B1, is an essential coenzyme needed for processes of cellular metabolism in all organisms. ThDP-dependent enzymes all require ThDP as a coenzyme for catalytic activity, although individual enzymes vary significantly in substrate preferences and biochemical reactions. A popular way to study the role of these enzymes through chemical inhibition is to use thiamine/ThDP analogues, which typically feature a neutral aromatic ring in place of the positively charged thiazolium ring of ThDP. While ThDP analogues have aided work in understanding the structural and mechanistic aspects of the enzyme family, at least two key questions regarding the ligand design strategy remain unresolved: 1) which is the best aromatic ring? and 2) how can we achieve selectivity towards a given ThDP-dependent enzyme? In this work, we synthesise derivatives of these analogues covering all central aromatic rings used in the past decade and make a head-to-head comparison of all the compounds as inhibitors of several ThDP-dependent enzymes. Thus, we establish the relationship between the nature of the central ring and the inhibitory profile of these ThDP-competitive enzyme inhibitors. We also demonstrate that introducing a C2-substituent onto the central ring to explore the unique substrate-binding pocket can further improve both potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H Y Chan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Terence C S Ho
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rimsha Irfan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rawia A A Hamid
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Emma S Rudge
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Amjid Iqbal
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Science Unit, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alex Turner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Finian J Leeper
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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11
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Hu Z, Chen Q, Luo M, Ren Y, Xu J, Feng L. Knowledge domain and research trends for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and nutrition from 2011 to 2021: a bibliometric analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1142858. [PMID: 37476403 PMCID: PMC10354870 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1142858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Nutrient management and lifestyle changes are the frontlines of treatment for all pregnant women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to identify the global research architecture, trends, and hotpots of GDM and nutrition. Methods We obtained publications from the sub-databases of Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Science Citation Index sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database on January 4, 2022, using publication years between 2011 and 2021. CiteSpace software, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel 2019 were used to conduct the bibliometric analyses. Results A growing publication trend was observed for GDM and nutrition, and this field has great potential. More GDM and nutrition research has been conducted in developed countries than developing countries. The top three authors with a high publication frequency, co-citations, and a good h-index were from the United States. There were the four studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses of RCTs, as well as one review in the top five items of cited literature. Keywords were categorized into four clusters based on the keywords visualization. Conclusion It is important to strengthen the collaboration between nations of different economies to produce more high-quality research on GDM and nutrition. It may be beneficial to further study the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of GDM based on current results to provide a new perspective on GDM and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefang Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwei Ren
- Department of Obstetrics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyun Xu
- School of Art and Design, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Chan AH, Ho TCS, Fathoni I, Pope R, Saliba KJ, Leeper FJ. Inhibition of Thiamine Diphosphate-Dependent Enzymes by Triazole-Based Thiamine Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:621-628. [PMID: 37197459 PMCID: PMC10184313 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is metabolized into the coenzyme thiamine diphosphate (ThDP). Interrupting thiamine utilization leads to disease states. Oxythiamine, a thiamine analogue, is metabolized into oxythiamine diphosphate (OxThDP), which inhibits ThDP-dependent enzymes. Oxythiamine has been used to validate thiamine utilization as an anti-malarial drug target. However, high oxythiamine doses are needed in vivo because of its rapid clearance, and its potency decreases dramatically with thiamine levels. We report herein cell-permeable thiamine analogues possessing a triazole ring and a hydroxamate tail replacing the thiazolium ring and diphosphate groups of ThDP. We characterize their broad-spectrum competitive inhibition of ThDP-dependent enzymes and of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation. We demonstrate how the cellular thiamine-utilization pathway can be probed by using our compounds and oxythiamine in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H.
Y. Chan
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Terence C. S. Ho
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Imam Fathoni
- Research
School of Biology, The Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pope
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Kevin J. Saliba
- Research
School of Biology, The Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Finian J. Leeper
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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13
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Syed ARS, Syed AA, Akram A, Azam MS, Muzammil MA, Ansari AI, Eqbal F, Farooq MH, Khatri M, Kumar S, Kumar N. Does thiamine supplementation affect heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Heart Lung 2023; 61:37-45. [PMID: 37126872 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is a pathophysiological condition where decreased cardiac output is observed subsequent to any structural deformity or cessation of normal function. Thiamine deficiency is one of the risk factors responsible for causing HF; other risk factors include hypertension, smoking, and obesity. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to scrutinize whether the heart failure patients would benefit from thiamine supplementation or not when compared to placebo. METHODS We selected only those double-arm randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which included participants presenting with symptomatic heart failure. We excluded all the articles published in languages other than English Language. Furthermore, all the studies other than RCTs were also omitted. Articles yielded from the electronic search were exported to EndNote Reference Library software to remove any duplicates. Analyses were done using the Review manager 5.4 tool. Mean values and standard deviations were retrieved for the continuous outcomes given as raw data. RESULTS The 6 RCTs selected for the statistical analysis consisted of 298 participants (158 in the intervention group, 140 in the placebo group). The outcomes resulted to be non-significant with LVEF p-value= 0.08, NT-pro BNP p-value= 0.94, LVEDV p-value= 0.53, 6MWT p-value=0.59, mortality p-value= 0.61, hospitalization p-value= 0.53 and dyspnea p-value= 0.77. Heart rate is the only significant outcome with a p-value=0.04. CONCLUSION To conclude, except for heart rate, thiamine supplementation had no effect on the outcomes of heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman Shah Syed
- Dow University of Health Science (Medicine), H#2 G#50/4/2/2 Umar banglows Abdul Rehman street garden east, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Satesh Kumar
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nomesh Kumar
- Detroit Medical center/Wayne state university Sinai Grace, Pakistan
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14
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Islas-Fabila P, Bonilla-Jaime H, González-Hernández M, Vega-Manríquez X, Jiménez-Collado CA, Ballesteros-Rodea G, de la Cruz-Cruz LA, Orozco-Gregorio H, Roldán-Santiago P. Effect of thiamine pyrophosphate on the characteristics of farrowing and piglet vitality. Theriogenology 2023; 200:49-59. [PMID: 36758457 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Asphyxia is considered the main non-infectious cause of prepartum mortality in swine, as well as an important factor that negatively affects neonatal vitality and can trigger physiological and metabolic disorders. Hence, the search for pharmacological protocols to reduce the harmful effects of asphyxia is a key area of research. Recent observations show that administering thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) prior to a hypoxic event in certain species (rabbits, rats) has a neuroprotector effect that preserves energy metabolism under hypoxic conditions. Given this, the objective of this study was to evaluate a prophylactic protocol in high- and low-vitality neonate piglets based on TPP's effect on physiological and metabolic responses, body temperature, and weight. A total of 149 piglets born from 15 multiparous sows were used. The dams were randomly divided into two groups: control (NaCl 0.9%) and TPP (25 ml of TTP) administered 24 and 12 h before the expected farrowing date. The following reproductive variables of the sows were recorded: duration of farrowing, total number of piglets born per litter, number of liveborn piglets per litter, number of stillbirths and mummified fetuses at birth, and number of live piglets at weaning. In addition, the expulsion interval and vitality of all neonates were evaluated, body temperatures were recorded at ten intervals, and physiological profiles (blood gases, electrolytes, glucose) were registered for each neonate. Results show that the TPP-treated sows had shorter farrowing duration (P = 0.0060) and higher percentage of high-vitality neonates (60%). Moreover, their offspring exhibited greater vitality, fewer imbalances in their physiological and metabolic profiles, and greater weight gain at weaning (P < 0.0001). Findings suggest that administering TPP exerts a protective effect when hypoxic events occur, though this differs from results obtained with rat pups, where applying TPP after such events did not provide protection from asphyxia-induced damage. These differences may be due to the moment at which TPP was applied. The application time we selected was distinct from the procedure followed with rats because it was based on a dataset that describes the influence of administering TPP as a prophylactic treatment before a hypoxic event. Prophylactic administration of TPP to sows at the end of gestation exerted a neuroprotective effect on neonatal vitality and gas exchanges and energy metabolism in the offspring that were reflected in the greater weekly weight gain in those piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Islas-Fabila
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Milagros González-Hernández
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78321, México
| | - Xóchil Vega-Manríquez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78321, México
| | | | - Gilberto Ballesteros-Rodea
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78321, México
| | - Luis Alberto de la Cruz-Cruz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de México-Coyoacán, Calzada de Tlalpan, 04910, Ciudad de México, México; Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coapa, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Héctor Orozco-Gregorio
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coapa, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Roldán-Santiago
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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15
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Maternal preconception circulating blood biomarker mixtures, child behavioural symptom scores and the potential mediating role of neonatal brain microstructure: the S-PRESTO cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:38. [PMID: 36737601 PMCID: PMC9898508 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain development starts in the embryonic period. Maternal preconception nutrition and nutrient availability to the embryo may influence brain development at this critical period following conception and early cellular differentiation, thereby affecting offspring neurodevelopmental and behavioural disorder risk. However, studying this is challenging due to difficulties in characterizing preconception nutritional status and few studies have objective neurodevelopmental imaging measures in children. We investigated the associations of maternal preconception circulating blood nutrient-related biomarker mixtures (~15 weeks before conception) with child behavioural symptoms (Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), aged 3 years) within the Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes (S-PRESTO) study. The CBCL preschool form evaluates child behaviours based on syndrome scales and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) oriented scales. These scales consist of internalizing problems, externalizing problems, anxiety problems, pervasive developmental problems, oppositional defiant, etc. We applied data-driven clustering and a method for modelling mixtures (Bayesian kernel machine regression, BKMR) to account for complex, non-linear dependencies between 67 biomarkers. We used effect decomposition analyses to explore the potential mediating role of neonatal (week 1) brain microstructure, specifically orientation dispersion indices (ODI) of 49 cortical and subcortical grey matter regions. We found that higher levels of a nutrient cluster including thiamine, thiamine monophosphate (TMP), pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxic acid, and pyridoxal were associated with a higher CBCL score for internalizing problems (posterior inclusion probability (PIP) = 0.768). Specifically, thiamine independently influenced CBCL (Conditional PIP = 0.775). Higher maternal preconception thiamine level was also associated with a lower right subthalamic nucleus ODI (P-value = 0.01) while a lower right subthalamic nucleus ODI was associated with higher CBCL scores for multiple domains (P-value < 0.05). One potential mechanism is the suboptimal metabolism of free thiamine to active vitamin B1, but additional follow-up and replication studies in other cohorts are needed.
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16
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Aomura D, Kurasawa Y, Harada M, Hashimoto K, Kamijo Y. Early detection of thiamine deficiency by non-thyroidal illness syndrome in a hemodialysis patient. CEN Case Rep 2023; 12:110-115. [PMID: 36018508 PMCID: PMC9892385 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-022-00729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An 88-year-old male patient on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) therapy experienced gradual losses in appetite and liveliness during the course of 1 month. Physical examinations revealed no abnormalities. However, blood testing indicated non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) typically observed in patients with severe illness, with serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine of 0.17 μIU/mL, < 1.0 pg/mL, and 0.23 ng/dL, respectively. Brain magnetic resonance imaging to exclude the possibility of central hypothyroidism unexpectedly displayed slight abnormalities inside of the thalami that were characteristic of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Additional examination disclosed low serum thiamine of 20 ng/mL. Thiamine injections of 100 mg at every HD treatment rapidly restored his appetite, liveliness, and NTIS findings. HD patients are at a particularly high risk of thiamine deficiency (TD) and associated severe symptoms due to losses of thiamine during HD sessions. However, its non-specific initial symptoms, including decreases in appetite and liveliness, as well as undetectability in routine blood tests complicate early detection, resulting in underdiagnosis and more severe outcomes. In the present case, TD manifested only as non-specific symptoms and was ultimately revealed by the presence of NTIS, which was resolved with thiamine supplementation. Thus, NTIS might assist in the early detection of TD as an initial sign in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Aomura
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Yukifumi Kurasawa
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yodakubo Hospital, 2857 Furumachi, Nagawa, Nagano, 386-0603, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamijo
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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17
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Schnellbächer A, Zimmer A. Stability and Requirement for Thiamin in a Cell Culture Feed Used to Produce New Biological Entities. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020334. [PMID: 36672269 PMCID: PMC9857259 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamin is susceptible to heat and oxidation, which is a concern for the development of concentrated and room temperature stable feeds used to produce recombinant proteins. Hence, it is critical to understand the reactivity and necessity of the vitamin in liquid feeds to be able to either develop mitigation strategies to stabilize the vitamin or to remove thiamin from formulations if it is unnecessary. LC-MS/MS was used to investigate thiamin stability in different liquid feed formulations and to identify thiamin degradation products. Results indicate oxidation of thiamin and interaction with amino acids, keto acids, and sulfur containing components. Thiamin necessity in feed was assessed during a fed batch experiment, focusing on cell performance and critical quality attributes of the produced recombinant proteins. The impact of thiamin depletion in the feed on the intra- and extracellular metabolome was investigated using untargeted LC-MS/MS. Results indicate that thiamin can be removed from the feed without affecting the performance or the intra- and extracellular metabolome of the tested cell lines. Overall, profound insights on thiamin reactivity and necessity are presented in this study, suggesting the removal of the dispensable and instable vitamin as a simple means for the development of next generation feeds used to produce therapeutic biological entities.
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18
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Next generation sequencing of Tunisian Leigh syndrome patients reveals novel variations: impact for diagnosis and treatment. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231779. [PMID: 36093993 PMCID: PMC9508526 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytopathies, among which the Leigh syndrome (LS), are caused by variants either in the mitochondrial or the nuclear genome, affecting the oxidative phosphorylation process. The aim of the present study consisted in defining the molecular diagnosis of a group of Tunisian patients with LS. Six children, belonging to five Tunisian families, with clinical and imaging presentations suggestive of LS were recruited. Whole mitochondrial DNA and targeted next-generation sequencing of a panel of 281 nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial physiology were performed. Bioinformatic analyses were achieved in order to identify deleterious variations. A single m.10197G>A (p.Ala47Thr) variant was found in the mitochondrial MT-ND3 gene in one patient, while the others were related to autosomal homozygous variants: two c.1412delA (p.Gln471ArgfsTer42) and c.1264A>G (p.Thr422Ala) in SLC19A3, one c.454C>G (p.Pro152Ala) in SLC25A19 and one c.122G>A (p.Gly41Asp) in ETHE1. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of genomic investigations to improve LS diagnosis in consanguineous populations and further allow for treating the patients harboring variants in SLC19A3 and SLC25A19 that contribute to thiamine transport, by thiamine and biotin supplementation. Considering the Tunisian genetic background, the newly identified variants could be screened in patients with similar clinical presentation in related populations.
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Rocchi R, van Kekem K, Heijnis WH, Smid EJ. A simple, sensitive, and specific method for the extraction and determination of thiamine and thiamine phosphate esters in fresh yeast biomass. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 201:106561. [PMID: 36041639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine is an essential vitamin for most living organisms, of which yeasts are a rich nutritional source. In this study we developed a thiamine extraction and determination method to detect thiamine in fresh yeast biomass. The thiamine determination method combines the derivatization of thiamine to a highly fluorescent product, with chromatographic separation (HPLC) and fluorescence detection. The method specifically detects free thiamine (T), thiamine phosphate (TP), and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). It has a high sensitivity of 2 ng/ml for TPP and TP, and 1 ng/ml for T, excellent instrumental repeatability, and low day-to-day variation in retention time of the different phosphate forms. We demonstrated the robustness of the method by proving that the fluorescence signals of the derivatised samples are stable for at least 82 h after derivatization, and by showing that the final pH of the samples does not influence the fluorescent response. In addition, we developed and validated a thiamine extraction method consisting of beads beating the fresh yeast biomass in 0.1 M HCl using a lysing matrix composed of 0.1 mm silica spheres. The performance of this method was compared to extraction via heat treatment at 95 °C for 30 min, and a combination of beads beating and heat treatment carried out in different order. We demonstrated that thiamine extraction via beads beating is the only method that prevents the biologically active form thiamine pyrophosphate to be degraded to thiamine phosphate, therefore, the extraction method developed and described in this study is preferred when the different thiamine vitamers need to be detected in their actual proportions. The combination of the extraction via beads beating, the conversion of all vitamers to the thiochrome derivatives, and the separation of these compounds on the reversed phase HPLC with a fluorescence detector, yielded a sensitive, specific, repeatable, and robust method for extraction and determination of vitamin B1 in fresh yeast biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rocchi
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kees van Kekem
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Walter H Heijnis
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Eddy J Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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20
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Liu J, Zhang X, Deng S, Wang H, Zhao Y. Thiamine Is Required for Virulence and Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 on Tomatoes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:903258. [PMID: 35783427 PMCID: PMC9247456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.903258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000) is an important plant pathogen that infects tomatoes and Arabidopsis. Thiamine and its derivative thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) are cofactors that play an important role in the growth and survival of many bacterial microorganisms. However, the role of thiamine-related genes has not been determined in PstDC3000. Hence, to investigate the role of TPP in growth, resistance to stresses, and virulence of PstDC3000, double and quadruple mutants of thiamine biosynthesis-related genes (thiD/E, thiS/G, and thiD/E/S/G deletion mutants) as well as a single mutant of a lipoprotein-related gene (apbE) were constructed. Our results showed that growth of the thiD/E, thiS/G, and thiD/E/S/G mutants in the mannitol-glutamate (MG) medium was significantly lower than that of the wild type (WT) and their growth could be restored to the WT level with the addition of exogenous thiamine, whereas mutation of the apbE gene did not affect its growth in vitro. While tolerance to acid, osmotic, and oxidative stresses for the double mutants was similar to the WT, tolerance to stresses for the apbE mutant was reduced as compared to the WT. In addition, all four mutants exhibited reduced virulence and growth in tomatoes. However, when the double and quadruple mutants were inoculated with exogenous thiamine, the virulence and growth rate of these mutants were restored to the WT level. These results indicated that the thiD/E, thiS/G, and thiD/E/S/G mutants exhibiting growth deficiency in planta are probably due to a lack of thiamine biosynthesis, thus reducing colonization in tomatoes. On the other hand, it is possible that the apbE mutant exhibited reduced stress tolerances, thus resulting in reduced colonization. Overall, our findings suggest that the thiamine biosynthetic (TBS) pathway plays an important role in the colonization and infection of PstDC3000. Therefore, the thiamine biosynthetic pathway could be used as the target to develop new control measures for a bacterial spot in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejiang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United States
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Liu Y, Qin Z, Chen N, Bu Z, Yang Y, Hu X, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Xu T, Gao Y, Niu S, Xing J, Lin J, Liu X, Zhu Y. The Vital Role of ShTHIC from the Endophyte OsiSh-2 in Thiamine Biosynthesis and Blast Resistance in the OsiSh-2-Rice Symbiont. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6993-7003. [PMID: 35667655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes can benefit the growth and stress resistance of host plants by secreting bioactive components. Thiamine is an essential vitamin involved in many metabolic pathways and can only be synthesized by microbes and plants. In this study, we found that thiamine could inhibit the development of the phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and decrease the rice blast index under field conditions. In the thiamine biosynthesis pathway, the key enzyme ShTHIC of an endophyte Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 and OsTHIC of rice (Oryza sativa) were highly homologous. Gene overexpression or knockout approaches revealed that both THIC contributed to thiamine synthesis and resistance to M. oryzae. Furthermore, S. hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 colonization led to a decrease in the thiamine synthesis level of rice but still maintained thiamine homeostasis in rice. However, inoculation with the ShTHIC knockout strain ΔTHIC reduced the thiamine content in rice, although the thiamine synthesis level of rice was increased. After infection with M. oryzae, blast resistance was dramatically improved in OsiSh-2-inoculated rice but decreased in ΔTHIC-inoculated rice compared with non-inoculated rice. This result demonstrated that ShTHIC could regulate thiamine biosynthesis and consequently assist blast resistance in the OsiSh-2-rice symbiont. Our results revealed a novel blast-resistance mechanism mediated by a key thiamine biosynthetic enzyme from an endophyte OsiSh-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Yahua Seeds Science Academy of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Yahua Seeds Science Academy of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P. R. China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province 410125, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
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22
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Synthesis of Mixed Dinucleotides by Mechanochemistry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103229. [PMID: 35630705 PMCID: PMC9147584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of vitamin B1, B2, and B3 derived nucleotides and dinucleotides generated either through mechanochemical or solution phase chemistry. Under the explored conditions, adenosine and thiamine proved to be particularly amenable to milling conditions. Following optimization of the chemistry related to the formation pyrophosphate bonds, mixed dinucleotides of adenine and thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), nicotinamide riboside and 3-carboxamide 4-pyridone riboside (both vitamin B3 derivatives) were generated in good yields. Furthermore, we report an efficient synthesis of the MW+4 isotopologue of NAD+ for which deuterium incorporation is present on either side of the dinucleotidic linkage, poised for isotopic tracing experiments by mass spectrometry. Many of these mixed species are novel and present unexplored possibilities to simultaneously enhance or modulate cofactor transporters and enzymes of independent biosynthetic pathways.
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23
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Therapeutic potential of vitamin B 1 derivative benfotiamine from diabetes to COVID-19. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:809-826. [PMID: 35535731 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benfotiamine (S-benzoylthiamine-O-monophosphate), a unique, lipid-soluble derivative of thiamine, is the most potent allithiamine found in roasted garlic, as well as in other herbs of the genus Allium. In addition to potent antioxidative properties, benfotiamine has also been shown to be a strong anti-inflammatory agent with therapeutic significance to several pathological complications. Specifically, over the past decade or so, benfotiamine has been shown to prevent not only various secondary diabetic complications but also several inflammatory complications such as uveitis and endotoxemia. Recent studies also demonstrate that this compound could be used to prevent the symptoms associated with various infectious diseases such as HIV and COVID-19. In this review article, the authors discuss the significance of benfotiamine in the prevention of various pathological complications.
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24
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Avezum L, Rondet E, Mestres C, Achir N, Madode Y, Gibert O, Lefevre C, Hemery Y, Verdeil JL, Rajjou L. Improving the nutritional quality of pulses via germination. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2063329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Avezum
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Eric Rondet
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Mestres
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Nawel Achir
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Madode
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Olivier Gibert
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Lefevre
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Youna Hemery
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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Liu X, Wang X, Sun B, Sun L. The Involvement of Thiamine Uptake in the Virulence of Edwardsiella piscicida. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040464. [PMID: 35456139 PMCID: PMC9026889 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is a pathogenic bacterium, which can infect a number of fish species and cause a disease termed edwardsiellosis, threatening global fish farming with high prevalence and mortality. Thiamine (Vitamin B1), functioning in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), is essential for almost all organisms. Bacteria acquire TPP by biosynthesis or by transportation of exogenous thiamine. TPP availability has been associated with bacterial pathogenicity, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be discovered. The role of thiamine in the pathogenicity of E. piscicida is unknown. In this study, we characterized a thiamine transporter (TT) operon in E. piscicida. The deletion of the TT operon resulted in an intracellular TPP lacking situation, which led to attenuated overall pathogenicity, impaired abilities associated with motility and host cell adhesion, as well as decreased expression of certain flagellar and adhesion genes. Moreover, TPP starvation led to intracellular c-di-GMP reduction, and introducing into the TPP-suppressed mutant strain an exogenous diguanylate cyclase for c-di-GMP synthesis restored the virulence loss. Taken together, this work reveals the involvement of thiamine uptake in the virulence regulation of E. piscicida, with c-di-GMP implicated in the process. These finding could be employed to explore potential drug targets against E. piscicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (X.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Boguang Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (X.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (X.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (L.S.)
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26
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Mahwish N, Bairy LK, Srinivasamurthy S. Antivitamins: A Silver Lining in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221080378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antivitamins are compounds that negate the biological effects of vitamins. They have been successfully exploited for the development of various classes of drugs. In the early 19th century, the antifolate prontosil was developed for the treatment of puerperal fever. Since then, numerous other antifolates have been used to treat a wide range of infections. Antifolates, such as methotrexate, are potent anticancer agents and antivitamin K, such as warfarin, are used as anticoagulants. Despite several years of research, most antivitamin-based drugs are limited to vitamin K and B9, and the development of antagonists for other vitamins is still in the nascent stage. In the era of antimicrobial resistance, antivitamins can be considered as a promising alternative to develop newer antimicrobials and are worth exploring further. This review discusses key antivitamins at different stages of development which have potential utility as antibiotic drug candidates. The summary of studies of antivitamins in clinical development is also narrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayesha Mahwish
- Department of Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS), RAK Medical and Health Sciences University Ras Al Khaimah (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laxminarayana Kurady Bairy
- Department of Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS), RAK Medical and Health Sciences University Ras Al Khaimah (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sureshkumar Srinivasamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS), RAK Medical and Health Sciences University Ras Al Khaimah (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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27
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Design, synthesis and human carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX and XII inhibitory properties of 1,3-thiazole sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 59:128581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030484. [PMID: 35276844 PMCID: PMC8839250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
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29
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Enhanced production and characterization of coenzyme Q10 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides using a potential fermentation strategy. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Kürşat Demirkaya A, Demirkaya Miloglu F, Senol O. UV-VIS spectrophotometric-assisted chemometric calibration models for simultaneous determination of thiamine and pyridoxine vitamins in powdered infant formula. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2021. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2021.67.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine and pyridoxine, which are hydrophilic B vitamins, are compounds that play an important role in many biochemical events for the health of infants and adults. Recently, because of the complexity of food and pharmaceutical composition, chemometric models are preferred to obtain relevant information from multivariate measured data. The aim of this study was to determine the simultaneous quantitative analysis of thiamine and pyridoxine in powdered infant formula and pharmaceutical formulations by the UV-visible spectrophotometric method coupled with chemometric calibration models (partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR)). These vitamins were extracted by addition of trichloroacetic acid (precipitation of proteins) after samples of powdered infant formula was dissolved in Milli-Q water. Factorial design was used to prepare the calibration (25 samples) and validation (8 samples) sets containing mixture of thiamine and pyridoxine within their linear range (2.5-25 μg/mL). Spectra of obtained mixtures and samples were recorded between wavelengths of 200-360 nm with the intervals Δλ=1 nm. In regression models created by using PLS and PCR algorithm, the results had acceptable recovery 98.14% for both compounds. These chemometric models predict the quantification of both, thiamine and pyridoxine in powdered infant formula samples via interpreting the UV-Vis spectrum. The average thiamine and pyridoxine contents of powdered infant formula samples were found to be 5.02±0.065 μg/g and 4.32±0.086 μg/g for PLS model and 4.98±0.078 μg/g and 4.03±0.091 μg/g for PCR model, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Kürşat Demirkaya
- Department of Food Processing, Vocational School, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demirkaya Miloglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Senol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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31
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Bojkova D, Costa R, Reus P, Bechtel M, Jaboreck MC, Olmer R, Martin U, Ciesek S, Michaelis M, Cinatl J. Targeting the Pentose Phosphate Pathway for SARS-CoV-2 Therapy. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100699. [PMID: 34677415 PMCID: PMC8540749 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, for which effective pharmacological therapies are needed. SARS-CoV-2 induces a shift of the host cell metabolism towards glycolysis, and the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), which interferes with SARS-CoV-2 infection, is under development for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The glycolytic pathway generates intermediates that supply the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In this study, the analysis of proteomics data indicated increased transketolase (TKT) levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, suggesting that a role is played by the non-oxidative PPP. In agreement, the TKT inhibitor benfooxythiamine (BOT) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication and increased the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of 2DG. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with changes in the regulation of the PPP. The TKT inhibitor BOT inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication and increased the activity of the glycolysis inhibitor 2DG. Notably, metabolic drugs like BOT and 2DG may also interfere with COVID-19-associated immunopathology by modifying the metabolism of immune cells in addition to inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication. Hence, they may improve COVID-19 therapy outcomes by exerting antiviral and immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Bojkova
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Rui Costa
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Philipp Reus
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Bechtel
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Mark-Christian Jaboreck
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.-C.J.); (R.O.); (U.M.)
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.-C.J.); (R.O.); (U.M.)
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.-C.J.); (R.O.); (U.M.)
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, DZIF, External Partner Site, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.B.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.C.J.)
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Jamshidi MR, Zeraati MR, Forouzanfar B, Tahrekhani M, Motamed N. Effects of triple combination of hydrocortisone, thiamine, and Vitamin C on clinical outcome in patients with septic shock: A single-center randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:47. [PMID: 34484379 PMCID: PMC8383994 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_593_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and thiamine alone or in combination may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with septic shock. The aim of this study is the effects of this combination therapy on clinical outcome and sepsis biomarkers in patients with septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-eight consecutive patients suffering septic shock were randomly assigned into two groups receiving the combination therapy of hydrocortisone (50 mg/6 h, intravenously), Vitamin C (1.5 g/6 h in 100 ml normal saline or DW5%, intravenously), and thiamine (200 mg/12 h in 50 ml normal saline or DW5%, intravenously) or placebo for up to 4 days. RESULTS The decline in procalcitonin, lactate, and leukocyte count 72 h after the initiation of treatment was significantly greater in the intervention as compared to the control group. The intervention group has a significantly lower sequential organ failure assessment score 72 h after treatment (P < 0.001). The mean duration of vasopressor dependency was shorter in the intervention group (P = 0.039). In-hospital death occurred in 10.3% of the patients who received combination therapy and 37.9% in the control group (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION The administration of the triple combination of hydrocortisone, thiamine, and Vitamin C appeared to be effective in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with septic shock and of reducing vasopressor requirements with a significant increase in the rate of improvement of sepsis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Jamshidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medcine, Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zeraati
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medcine, Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Baharak Forouzanfar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medcine, Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehran Tahrekhani
- Department of Nursing Education, Abhar School of Nursing, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nima Motamed
- Department of Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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33
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Grabowska E, Czerniecka M, Czyżewska U, Zambrzycka A, Łotowski Z, Tylicki A. Differences in the efficiency of 3-deazathiamine and oxythiamine pyrophosphates as inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and growth of HeLa cells in vitro. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:122-129. [PMID: 33187452 PMCID: PMC7671598 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1844681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxythiamine (OT) and 3-deazathiamine (DAT) are the antimetabolites of thiamine. The aim of study was to compare the effects of OT and DAT pyrophosphates (-PP) on the kinetics of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and the in vitro culture of HeLa cells. The kinetic study showed that 3-deazathiamine pyrophosphate (DATPP) was a much stronger competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.0026 μM) of PDHC than OTPP (Ki = 0.025 μM). Both Ki values were much lower versus Km for thiamine pyrophosphate (0.06 μM). However, DATPP added to the culture medium for the HeLa cells culture did not hamper the rate of cell growth and showed not significant impact on the viability of the cells, whereas OTPP and OT showed a significant cytostatic effect. The differences between the thiamine antivitamins in their effect on cell growth in vitro may be due to differences in physicochemical properties and difficulty in DAT transport across the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Grabowska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czerniecka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Czyżewska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Zenon Łotowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Tylicki
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Savarino G, Corsello A, Corsello G. Macronutrient balance and micronutrient amounts through growth and development. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:109. [PMID: 33964956 PMCID: PMC8106138 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is essential for human growth, particularly in newborns and children. An optimal growth needs a correct diet, in order to ensure an adequate intake of macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients are the compounds that humans consume in largest quantities, mainly classified in carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Micronutrients are instead introduced in small quantities, but they are required for an adequate growth in the pediatric age, especially zinc, iron, vitamin D and folic acid. In this manuscript we describe the most important macro and micronutrients for children's growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Savarino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
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Pumpkin, Cauliflower and Broccoli as New Carriers of Thiamine Compounds for Food Fortification. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030578. [PMID: 33801931 PMCID: PMC7999783 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the possibility of vegetables being used as carriers of thiamine. The influence of carrier type (thiamine hydrochloride—TCh and thiamine pyrophosphate—TP) for the thiamine stability were investigated. Two varieties of pumpkin, Muscat and Hokkaido, as well as Cauliflower and Broccoli, were used as a matrix for the thiamine applied. The impregnated and freeze-dried vegetables were stored (230 days) with changing access to light (access to and restriction of light) and temperature (21 °C and 40 °C). The analyzed carriers were also used in the production of gnocchi dumplings. The content of thiamine was analyzed using the thiochromium method. In the study, consumer tests (n = 199) and sensory profiling were used to assess the impact of thiamine carriers on the sensory quality of gnocchi dumplings. It was found that the introduction of dried vegetables at the level of 30% allows for high sensory desirability of analyzed products, as well as suggesting the possibility of their frequent consumption. Such a product could potentially become an alternative to pork meat as a good source of thiamine. However, it should be noted that the thiamine losses may occur during the storage of dried vegetables and their culinary preparation.
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He J, Li J, Li Z, Ren H, Chen X, Tang J. A Case Report of Wernicke's Encephalopathy Associated With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:657649. [PMID: 34079482 PMCID: PMC8166248 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.657649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome often associated with alcoholism. Clinicians tend to ignore WE in other non-alcoholic clinical settings related to malnutrition and thiamine deficiency, resulting in delayed diagnosis. The diagnosis becomes more difficult when WE is secondary to psychiatric illnesses as symptoms can be masked by the primary disease. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 56-year-old female patient with schizophrenia who was admitted to the hospital for mental and behavioral disorder, without history of alcohol. She presented symptoms of ophthalmoplegia and high muscular tension, and the brain MRI showed symmetric lesions in the bilateral basal ganglia and third ventricle. She responded well to thiamine and was discharged on hospital day 22. Conclusion: The psychiatrists should be on the alert for starvation-induced WE, especially for patients suffering from malnutrition. WE is a preventable and treatable disease, so once suspected of WE, patients ought to take adequate supplements of thiamine immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinguang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
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Amirani E, Aghadavod E, Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z, Tabassi Z, Panahandeh I, Naderi F, Abed A. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of thiamin supplements in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2085-2090. [PMID: 32722956 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1779212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of thiamin supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 patients with GDM. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 100 mg/day thiamin supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Thiamin supplementation significantly decreased serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β - 0.98 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.54, -0.42; p = .001) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β - 0.86 µmol/L; 95% CI, -1.15, -0.57; p < .001) when compared with the placebo. In addition, thiamin supplementation downregulated gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p = .002) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with GDM. Thiamin supplementation did not affect other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Overall, thiamin supplementation for 6 weeks to patients with GDM significantly reduced hs-CRP and MDA levels, and gene expression of TNF-α, but did not affect other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trials.govIdentifier no. http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tabassi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ida Panahandeh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naderi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Abed
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Kim HJ, Lee H, Lee Y, Choi I, Ko Y, Lee S, Jang S. The ThiL enzyme is a valid antibacterial target essential for both thiamine biosynthesis and salvage pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10081-10091. [PMID: 32404369 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an essential cofactor for various pivotal cellular processes in all living organisms, including bacteria. Thiamine biosynthesis occurs in bacteria but not in humans; therefore, the enzymes in this pathway are attractive targets for antibiotic development. Among these enzymes, thiamine monophosphate kinase (ThiL) catalyzes the final step of this pathway, phosphorylating thiamine monophosphate to produce TPP. Here, we extensively investigated ThiL in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections. We demonstrate that thiL deletion abolishes not only thiamine biosynthesis but also thiamine salvage capability and results in growth defects of the ΔthiL strain even in the presence of thiamine derivatives, except for TPP. Most importantly, the pathogenesis of the ΔthiL strain was markedly attenuated, compared with that of WT cells, with lower inflammatory cytokine induction and 103-104-fold decreased bacterial loads in an in vivo infection model in which the intracellular TPP level was in the submicromolar range. To validate P. aeruginosa ThiL (PaThiL) as a drug target, we further characterized its biochemical properties, determining a V max of 4.0 ± 0.2 nmol·min-1 and Km values of 111 ± 8 and 8.0 ± 3.5 μm for ATP and thiamine monophosphate, respectively. An in vitro small-molecule screening assay identified PaThiL inhibitors including WAY213613, a noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 13.4 ± 2.3 μm and potential antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa These comprehensive biological and biochemical results indicate that PaThiL represents a potential drug target for the development of an augmented repertoire of antibiotics against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Lee
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Translation Research Department, Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonae Ko
- Translation Research Department, Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Translation Research Department, Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Jang
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Sasatsuki H, Nakazaki A, Uchida K, Shibata T. Quantitative analysis of oxidized vitamin B1 metabolites generated by hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:197-206. [PMID: 32201347 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine, a water-soluble essential vitamin known as vitamin B1, acts as an important cofactor in various cellular processes, such as metabolism and energy production. Thiamine is also thought to have antioxidant effects as a singlet oxygen scavenger and a lipid peroxidation inhibitor. However, the oxidation mechanism and oxidized metabolites of thiamine are not completely established. In the present study, we investigated the oxidative reactivity of thiamine and found that three products were formed upon the reaction of thiamine with hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Based on the NMR and high resolution mass spectrometric analysis, the HOCl-oxidized metabolites of thiamine were identified as formylaminopyrimidine (FAP), thiamine sulfonic acid (TSA), and thiamine sulfinic ester (TSE). To evaluate the formation of these oxidized metabolites in vivo, we established a specific method for quantification of the oxidized thiamine metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a stable isotope dilution method. Using this method, it was shown that the oxidized thiamine metabolites were generated in the culture media of phorbol-12-myristate-acetate-treated neutrophil-like cells in a myeloperoxidase-dependent manner. Moreover, significantly higher amounts of FAP and TSE were detected in the lung tissues of the lipopolysaccharide-treated mice compared to the controls. These findings provide not only insights into the oxidative metabolism of thiamine, but also the possibility that the oxidized thiamine metabolites may be potential biomarkers for HOCl-related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sasatsuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Banerjee P, Carmelo VAO, Kadarmideen HN. Genome-Wide Epistatic Interaction Networks Affecting Feed Efficiency in Duroc and Landrace Pigs. Front Genet 2020; 11:121. [PMID: 32184802 PMCID: PMC7058701 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions among genomic loci have often been overlooked in genome-wide association studies, revealing the combinatorial effects of variants on phenotype or disease manifestation. Unexplained genetic variance, interactions among causal genes of small effects, and biological pathways could be identified using a network biology approach. The main objective of this study was to determine the genome-wide epistatic variants affecting feed efficiency traits [feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI)] based on weighted interaction SNP hub (WISH-R) method. Herein, we detected highly interconnected epistatic SNP modules, pathways, and potential biomarkers for the FCR and RFI in Duroc and Landrace purebreds considering the whole population, and separately for low and high feed efficient groups. Highly interacting SNP modules in Duroc (1,247 SNPs) and Landrace (1,215 SNPs) across the population and for low feed efficient (Duroc-80 SNPs, Landrace-146 SNPs) and high feed efficient group (Duroc-198 SNPs, Landrace-232 SNPs) for FCR and RFI were identified. Gene and pathway analyses identified ABL1, MAP3K4, MAP3K5, SEMA6A, KITLG, and KAT2B from chromosomes 1, 2, 5, and 13 underlying ErbB, Ras, Rap1, thyroid hormone, axon guidance pathways in Duroc. GABBR2, GNA12, and PRKCG genes from chromosomes 1, 3, and 6 pointed towards thyroid hormone, cGMP-PKG and cAMP pathways in Landrace. From Duroc low feed efficient group, the TPK1 gene was found involved with thiamine metabolism, whereas PARD6G, DLG2, CRB1 were involved with the hippo signaling pathway in high feed efficient group. PLOD1 and SETD7 genes were involved with lysine degradation in low feed efficient group in Landrace, while high feed efficient group pointed to genes underpinning valine, leucine, isoleucine degradation, and fatty acid elongation. Some SNPs and genes identified are known for their association with feed efficiency, others are novel and potentially provide new avenues for further research. Further validation of epistatic SNPs and genes identified here in a larger cohort would help to establish a framework for modelling epistatic variance in future methods of genomic prediction, increasing the accuracy of estimated genetic merit for FE and helping the pig breeding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Quantitative Genomics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Victor Adriano Okstoft Carmelo
- Quantitative Genomics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Quantitative Genomics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Mezhenska OA, Aleshin VA, Kaehne T, Artiukhov AV, Bunik VI. Regulation of Malate Dehydrogenases and Glutamate Dehydrogenase of Mammalian Brain by Thiamine in vitro and in vivo. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:27-39. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ascorbate and Thiamin: Metabolic Modulators in Plant Acclimation Responses. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010101. [PMID: 31941157 PMCID: PMC7020166 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell compartmentalization allows incompatible chemical reactions and localised responses to occur simultaneously, however, it also requires a complex system of communication between compartments in order to maintain the functionality of vital processes. It is clear that multiple such signals must exist, yet little is known about the identity of the key players orchestrating these interactions or about the role in the coordination of other processes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a considerable number of metabolites in common and are interdependent at multiple levels. Therefore, metabolites represent strong candidates as communicators between these organelles. In this context, vitamins and similar small molecules emerge as possible linkers to mediate metabolic crosstalk between compartments. This review focuses on two vitamins as potential metabolic signals within the plant cell, vitamin C (L-ascorbate) and vitamin B1 (thiamin). These two vitamins demonstrate the importance of metabolites in shaping cellular processes working as metabolic signals during acclimation processes. Inferences based on the combined studies of environment, genotype, and metabolite, in order to unravel signaling functions, are also highlighted.
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Chen Y, Wang L, Dai F, Tao M, Li X, Tan Z. Biostimulants application for bacterial metabolic activity promotion and sodium dodecyl sulfate degradation under copper stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:736-743. [PMID: 30965244 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the metabolic activity (adenosine triphosphate, ATP; electron transfer system, ETS; and dehydrogenase activity, DHA) response of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) degrading bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SDS-N2 to copper stress conditions were investigated. Results showed that the ATP content, ETS activity, and DHA activity of strain SDS-N2 were significantly correlated with substrate removal efficiency and bacterial growth under copper stress conditions. Based on the metabolic response patterns of strain SDS-N2, biostimulants citric acid, proline as well as FeSO4 were used to promote the metabolic activity of strain SDS-N2 at 0.8 mg L-1 copper stress condition. Plackett-Burman design and analysis proved that citric acid and FeSO4 were significant factors for enhanced SDS removal; and the optimum biostimulation conditions (FeSO4 72 mg L-1 and citric acid 100 mg L-1) for SDS removal were obtained by using steepest ascent experiment and central composite design. Under the optimum biostimulation conditions, ATP, ETS, DHA activity as well as bacterial growth were 14.1, 45.5, 0.5 and 2.3-fold higher than that of the control (without FeSO4 and citric acid addition) after 12.5 h biodegradation, and the substrate removal efficiency was increase by 37.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Le Wang
- BYD (Shangluo) Co., Ltd, 726000, Shangluo, PR China
| | - Fazhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhouliang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China.
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Gralak MA, Dębski B, Drywień M. Thiamine deficiency affects glucose transport and β-oxidation in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1629-1635. [PMID: 31259440 PMCID: PMC6851678 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine is recognized as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism responsible for energy production. Animal model of thiamine deficiency (TD) included direct evaluation of glucose uptake by estimation of 3H‐deoxyglucose transport across red blood cells membranes and β‐oxidation of fatty acids in isolated leucocytes. Feeding of animals with the thiamine‐deficient diet (0.018 mg/kg diet) for 30 days resulted in disturbances in energy production. The thiamine intake was limited not only by vitamin B1 deficiency in the diet, but also by time‐dependent drop of feed consumption by rats fed this diet. At the end of experiment, diet consumption in this group of rats was 52% lower than in the control group. This was accompanied by low glucose uptake by erythrocytes of rats suffering vitamin B1 deficiency for longer time. At the end of experimental period, glucose uptake was over 2 times lower in TD erythrocytes than in control RBC. Such drop of energy production was not compensated by delivery of energy from fatty acid degradation. In leucocytes from TD rats, the β‐oxidation was also suppressed. Observed significant decrease of serum insulin from 2.25 ± 0.25 ng/ml (day 0) to 1.94 ± 0.17 ng/ml (day 30) might have significant impact on observed energy production disorders. The results from this study indicate that the thiamine deficiency significantly reduces feed intake and causes modest abnormalities in glucose and fatty acid utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Antoni Gralak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Dębski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Drywień
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Moraes JO, Rodrigues SDC, Pereira LM, Medeiros RDCN, de Cordova CAS, de Cordova FM. Amprolium exposure alters mice behavior and metabolism in vivo. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:272-281. [PMID: 30891577 PMCID: PMC6388078 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamine deficiency (TD) models have been developed, mainly using the thiamine analog pyrithiamine. Other analogs have not been used in rodents. We aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of intraperitoneal (ip) amprolium-induced TD in mice. We also evaluated the associated pathogenesis using antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds (Trolox, dimethyl sulfoxide). METHODS Male mice were separated into two groups, one receiving a standard diet (control animals), and the other a TD diet (deficient groups) for 20 days. Control mice were further subdivided into three groups receiving daily ip injections of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Cont group), Tolox (Tr group) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Dmso group). The three TD groups received amprolium (Amp group), amprolium and Trolox (Amp+Tr group), or amprolium and DMSO (Amp+Dmso group). The animals were subjected to behavioral tests and then euthanized. The brain and viscera were analyzed. RESULTS Amprolium exposure induced weight loss with hyporexia, reduced the behavioral parameters (locomotion, exploratory activity, and motor coordination), and induced changes in the brain (lower cortical cell viability) and liver (steatosis). Trolox co-treatment partially improved these conditions, but to a lesser extent than DMSO. CONCLUSIONS Amprolium-induced TD may be an interesting model, allowing the deficiency to develop more slowly and to a lesser extent. Amprolium exposure also seems to involve oxidative stress and inflammation, suggested as the main mechanisms of cell dysfunction in TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Oliveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos TrópicosUniversidade Federal do TocantinsAraguaínaTOBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiano Mendes de Cordova
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos TrópicosUniversidade Federal do TocantinsAraguaínaTOBrazil
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