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Elmounedi N, Bahloul W, Keskes H. Current Therapeutic Strategies of Intervertebral Disc Regenerative Medicine. Mol Diagn Ther 2024:10.1007/s40291-024-00729-7. [PMID: 39158834 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the most frequent causes of low back pain. No treatment is currently available to delay the progression of IDD. Conservative treatment or surgical interventions is only used to target the symptoms of IDD rather than treat the underlying cause. Currently, numerous potential therapeutic strategies are available, including molecular therapy, gene therapy, and cell therapy. However, the hostile environment of degenerated discs is a major problem that has hindered the clinical applicability of such approaches. In this regard, the design of drugs using alternative delivery systems (macro-, micro-, and nano-sized particles) may resolve this problem. These can protect and deliver biomolecules along with helping to improve the therapeutic effect of drugs via concentrating, protecting, and prolonging their presence in the degenerated disc. This review summarizes the research progress of diagnosis and the current options for treating IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najah Elmounedi
- Cell Therapy and Experimental Surgery of Musculoskeletal System LR18SP11 Lab, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, Majida Boulila Road, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Walid Bahloul
- Cell Therapy and Experimental Surgery of Musculoskeletal System LR18SP11 Lab, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, Majida Boulila Road, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassib Keskes
- Cell Therapy and Experimental Surgery of Musculoskeletal System LR18SP11 Lab, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, Majida Boulila Road, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
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Yang W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Gao Z, Zhang J, Gao W, Chen Y, Lu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Wang Y, Li J, Tao H. Metformin prevents the onset and progression of intervertebral disc degeneration: New insights and potential mechanisms (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:71. [PMID: 38963023 PMCID: PMC11232665 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been the go‑to medical treatment for addressing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a frontline oral antidiabetic. Obesity, cancer and bone deterioration are linked to T2DM, which is considered a metabolic illness. Numerous diseases associated with T2DM, such as tumours, cardiovascular disease and bone deterioration, may be treated with metformin. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is distinguished by degeneration of the spinal disc, accompanied by the gradual depletion of proteoglycans and water in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the IVD, resulting in lower back pain. The therapeutic effect of metformin on IVDD has also attracted much attention. By stimulating AMP‑activated kinase, metformin could enhance autophagy and suppress cell senescence, apoptosis and inflammation, thus effectively delaying IVDD. The present review aimed to systematically explain the development of IVDD and mechanism of metformin in the treatment and prevention of IVDD to provide a reference for the clinical application of metformin as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yipin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zongshi Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jingtang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Zając A, Maciejczyk A, Sumorek-Wiadro J, Filipek K, Deryło K, Langner E, Pawelec J, Wasiak M, Ścibiorski M, Rzeski W, Tchórzewski M, Reichert M, Jakubowicz-Gil J. The Role of Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 Complex in "Switching" between Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Glioma Cells upon LY294002 and Sorafenib Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2670. [PMID: 38067099 PMCID: PMC10705223 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most malignant tumors of the central nervous system. One of the factors in their high drug resistance is avoiding programmed death (PCD) induction. This is related to the overexpression of intracellular survival pathways: PI3K-Akt/PKB-mTOR and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK. Apoptosis and autophagy are co-existing processes due to the interactions between Bcl-2 and beclin-1 proteins. Their complex may be a molecular "toggle-switch" between PCD types. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex in glioma cell elimination through the combined action of LY294002 and sorafenib. METHODS Drug cytotoxicity was estimated with an MTT test. The type of cell death was evaluated using variant microscopy techniques (fluorochrome staining, immunocytochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy), as well as the Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex formation and protein localization. Molecular analysis of PCD indicators was conducted through immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and ELISA testing. SiRNA was used to block Bcl-2 and beclin-1 expression. RESULTS The results showed the inhibitors used in simultaneous application resulted in Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex formation and apoptosis becoming dominant. This was accompanied by changes in the location of the tested proteins. CONCLUSIONS "Switching" between apoptosis and autophagy using PI3K and Raf inhibitors with Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex formation opens new therapeutic perspectives against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zając
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.S.-W.); (M.Ś.); (W.R.); (J.J.-G.)
| | - Aleksandra Maciejczyk
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.S.-W.); (M.Ś.); (W.R.); (J.J.-G.)
| | - Joanna Sumorek-Wiadro
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.S.-W.); (M.Ś.); (W.R.); (J.J.-G.)
| | - Kamil Filipek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.F.); (K.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Kamil Deryło
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.F.); (K.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Ewa Langner
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Pawelec
- Institute Microscopy Laboratory, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Wasiak
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Mateusz Ścibiorski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.S.-W.); (M.Ś.); (W.R.); (J.J.-G.)
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.S.-W.); (M.Ś.); (W.R.); (J.J.-G.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marek Tchórzewski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.F.); (K.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Michał Reichert
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.S.-W.); (M.Ś.); (W.R.); (J.J.-G.)
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Chen ZH, Guan M, Zhao WJ. Effects of resveratrol on macrophages after phagocytosis of Candida glabrata. Int J Med Microbiol 2023; 313:151589. [PMID: 37952279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2023.151589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is believed to be the underlying cause of many human ailments, including oral, gastrointestinal, and vaginal disorders. C. glabrata-caused deep-seated infections, coupled with its resistance to antifungal drugs, may contribute to a high mortality rate. Resveratrol is a polyphenol and can achieve better therapeutic effects when administered in combination with micafungin, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigate the effects of varying doses of resveratrol on the proliferation, apoptosis, and activity of macrophages, which were co-cultured with micafungin-pretreated C. glabrata. Resveratrol can restore the decreased proliferative activity of macrophages caused by the phagocytosis of C. glabrata. Further investigations demonstrated that this restoration ability exhibited a dose-dependent manner, reaching the highest level at 200 µM of resveratrol. Resveratrol tended to be more effective in inhibiting macrophage apoptosis and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with concentration increases. In addition, at medium concentrations, resveratrol may down-regulate the expression of most inflammatory cytokines, whereas at high concentrations, it started to exert pro-inflammatory functions by up-regulating their expressions. Macrophages may shift from an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype to an inflammatory (M1) phenotype by resveratrol at 200 µM, and from M1 to M2 at 400 µM. Our research shows that resveratrol with micafungin are effective in treating C. glabrata infections. The resveratrol-micafungin combination can reduce the production of ROS, and promote the proliferation, inhibit the apoptosis, and activate the polarization of macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. This study offers insights into how this combination works and may provide possible direction for further clinical application of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Han Chen
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Meng Guan
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Jia Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Chen X, Wang Z, Deng R, Yan H, Liu X, Kang R. Intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammatory microenvironment: expression, pathology, and therapeutic strategies. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1811-1828. [PMID: 37665342 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP), posing a significant socioeconomic burden. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of inflammatory microenvironment in IDD progression. METHOD A keyword-based search was performed using the PubMed database for published articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines disrupts intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis, causing atrophy, fibrosis, and phenotypic changes in nucleus pulposus cells. Modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and restoring cytokine balance hold promise for IVD repair and regeneration. This comprehensive review systematically examines the expression regulation, pathological effects, therapeutic strategies, and future challenges associated with the inflammatory microenvironment and relevant cytokines in IDD. Key inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and chemokines, exhibit significant pathological effects in IDD. Furthermore, major therapeutic modalities such as chemical antagonists, biologics, plant extracts, and gene transcription therapies are introduced to control and ameliorate the inflammatory microenvironment. These approaches provide valuable insights for identifying potential targets in future anti-inflammatory treatments for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran Kang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zaychenko G, Belenichev I, Hnatiuk V, Doroshenko A, Sinitsyna O, Sulaieva O, Falalyeyeva T, Kobyliak N. Protective effect of vaginal resveratrol administration on joint tissues in ovariectomized rats: Targeting mTOR and сaspase 3. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115176. [PMID: 37480827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estrogens play a considerable role in maintaining bone and articular cartilage homeostasis. Menopause provokes joint disorders due to metabolic syndrome and altered signaling pathways. Phytoestrogen resveratrol was demonstrated to provide chondroprotective and osteoprotective effects. However, the mechanisms of such action of Resveratrol are still being explored. AIM The study aims to determine the effect of Resveratrol on the joints and its therapeutic mechanism in ovariectomized rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out on Wistar female rats that were divided into three groups, including control animals; ovariectomized rats (OVX); and the OVX group treated with an intravaginal gel containing Resveratrol (0.5 % 0.1 mL, daily 28 days). Knee joint tissues (articular cartilage, subchondral plate, subchondral bone) were assessed by histomorphometry. The expression of mTOR, PTEN, Caspase 3 and BCL-2 in articular cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS Resveratrol treatment of OVX rats prevented weight gain by 17 % (P < 0.001), demonstrating the systemic effect on metabolic pathways. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the thickness of articular cartilage between groups, OVX rats possessed degenerative changes in chondrocytes, associated with the enhanced expression of mTOR (P < 0.001) and Casp-3 (P = 0.005). Resveratrol decreased mTOR (P = 0.007) and Casp-3 (P = 0.011) expression in chondrocytes, reducing degenerative changes. At the same time, resveratrol attenuated the deterioration of trabecular bone in OVX rats (P = 0.002). This effect was through the up-regulation of BCL-2 (P = 0.018) and down-regulation of Casp-3 expression (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Intravaginal administration of resveratrol provided systemic effects and ameliorated joint tissue structure and signaling in OVX rats through stimulation of BCL-2 and reduced Casp-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Zaychenko
- Pharmacology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Igor Belenichev
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Formulation with Course of Normal Physiology Zaporizhzhya State Medical University, Zaporizhzhya 69000, Ukraine
| | - Valeriia Hnatiuk
- Pharmacology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Doroshenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Formulation with Course of Normal Physiology Zaporizhzhya State Medical University, Zaporizhzhya 69000, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Sinitsyna
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute for Advanced Training of Pharmacy Specialists, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine
| | | | - Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv 02000, Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv 02000, Ukraine; Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
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Zhang L, Gao J, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang C, Liu J, Dong H, Mei W. Astragaloside IV relieves IL-1β-induced human nucleus pulposus cells degeneration through modulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34815. [PMID: 37603510 PMCID: PMC10443759 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial disease that is associated with nucleus pulposus (NP) apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration and inflammation. Astragaloside IV (AS IV) has antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects. This study was to investigate whether AS IV could inhibit IL-1β-mediated apoptosis of HNP cells and its possible signal transduction pathway. METHODS Human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) were stimulated with AS IV or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), followed by exposure to IL-1β for 24 hours. CCK8, TUNEL analysis and flow cytometry, ELISA and Western blotting were used to analyze the effects of AS IV on cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, ECM and PI3K/Akt pathway signaling path-related proteins in IL-1β-induced HNPCs. RESULTS Compared with IL-1β-induced HNPCs, AS IV could improve the proliferation activity and the expressions of Collagen II, Aggrecan and Bcl-2 proteins, inhibit the apoptosis rate, inflammation and Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and increase the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of AS IV against IL-1β-induced HNPCs degeneration. CONCLUSION AS IV can inhibit IL-1β-induced HNPCs apoptosis inflammation and ECM degeneration by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which can be an effective drug to reduce disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junsheng Gao
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Li S, Liu P, Feng X, Du M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang J. Mechanism of Tao Hong Decoction in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1111475. [PMID: 36776258 PMCID: PMC9909180 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis (AS) has long been recognized as a cardiovascular disease and stroke risk factor. A well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription, Tao Hong decoction (THD), has been proven effective in treating AS, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. Objective To assess the effects, explore THD's primary mechanism for treating AS, and provide a basis for rational interpretation of its prescription compatibility. Methods Based on network pharmacology, we evaluated the mechanism of THD on AS by data analysis, target prediction, the construction of PPI networks, and GO and KEGG analysis. AutoDockTools software to conduct Molecular docking. Then UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify significant constituents of THD. Furthermore, an AS mice model was constructed and intervened with THD. Immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were used to verify the critical targets in animal experiments. Results The network pharmacology results indicate that eight core targets and seven core active ingredients play an essential role in this process. The GO and KEGG analysis results suggested that the mechanism is mainly involved in Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis and Lipid and atherosclerosis. The molecular docking results indicate a generally strong affinity. The animal experiment showed that THD reduced plaque area, increased plaque stability, and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β) in high-fat diet -induced ApoE-/-mice. Decreased levels of PTGS2, HIF-1α, VEGFA, VEGFC, FLT-4, and the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and p38 were detected in the THD-treated group. Conclusion THD plays a vital role in treating AS with multiple targets and pathways. Angiogenesis regulation, oxidative stress regulation, and immunity regulation consist of the crucial regulation cores in the mechanism. This study identified essential genes and pathways associated with the prognosis and pathogenesis of AS from new insights, demonstrating a feasible method for researching THD's chemical basis and pharmacology.
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Shnayder NA, Ashhotov AV, Trefilova VV, Nurgaliev ZA, Novitsky MA, Vaiman EE, Petrova MM, Nasyrova RF. Cytokine Imbalance as a Biomarker of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032360. [PMID: 36768679 PMCID: PMC9917299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) and its associated conditions are an important problem in modern medicine. The onset of IDD may be in childhood and adolescence in patients with a genetic predisposition. IDD progresses with age, leading to spondylosis, spondylarthrosis, intervertebral disk herniation, and spinal stenosis. The purpose of this review is an attempt to summarize the data characterizing the patterns of production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in IDD and to appreciate the prognostic value of cytokine imbalance as its biomarker. This narrative review demonstrates that the problem of evaluating the contribution of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines to the maintenance or alteration of cytokine balance may be a new key to unlocking the mystery of IDD development and new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IDD in the setting of acute and chronic inflammation. The presented data support the hypothesis that cytokine imbalance is one of the most important biomarkers of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.); Tel.: +7-(812)-620-0220-7813 (N.A.S. & R.F.N.)
| | - Azamat V. Ashhotov
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Zaitun A. Nurgaliev
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Elena E. Vaiman
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina M. Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.); Tel.: +7-(812)-620-0220-7813 (N.A.S. & R.F.N.)
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Wang P, Qian H, Xiao M, Lv J. Role of signal transduction pathways in IL-1β-induced apoptosis: Pathological and therapeutic aspects. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e762. [PMID: 36705417 PMCID: PMC9837938 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly produced by monocytes and macrophages with a wide range of biological effects. Evidence has shown that IL-1β plays a vital role in the process of apoptosis; however, the specific mechanisms, by which IL-1β induces apoptosis, vary due to different cellular and experimental conditions. Therefore, this present reviewstudy aimed to systematically review the association between the molecular mechanisms of IL-1β-induced apoptosis in pathological processes and the role of signaling pathways. This article also sought to briefly investigate the potential of signaling pathway-targeted therapy in the prevention and treatment of disease. METHODS This is a literature review article. The present discourse aim is first to scrutinize and assess the available literature on IL-1β and apoptosis. The relevant studies using the keywords of "IL-1β-induced apoptosis" and "signaling pathways" were searched in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Gathered relevant material, and extracted information was then assessed. RESULTS IL-1β can induce apoptosis in various types of cells under different external stimuli via the mitochondrial pathway, death receptor pathway and endoplasmic reticulum pathway, and that the different pathways are often interconnected. The NF-kB signaling pathway, p38MAPK, and JNK signaling pathways mainly play a proapoptotic part, and the ERK1/2 pathway has a bidirectional role in regulating apoptosis, while activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway can inhibit apoptosis. CONCLUSION This review indicates that IL-1β-induced apoptosis plays an important role in pathogenesis and development of pathology of many inflammatory diseases. Elucidating the role of the signaling pathways will aid the development of targeted therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Manxue Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingwen Lv
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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11
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Liu Z, Zhu J, Liu H, Fu C. Natural products can modulate inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1150835. [PMID: 36874009 PMCID: PMC9978229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1150835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral discs (IVDs) play a crucial role in maintaining normal vertebral anatomy as well as mobile function. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common clinical symptom and is an important cause of low back pain (LBP). IDD is initially considered to be associated with aging and abnormal mechanical loads. However, over recent years, researchers have discovered that IDD is caused by a variety of mechanisms, including persistent inflammation, functional cell loss, accelerated extracellular matrix decomposition, the imbalance of functional components, and genetic metabolic disorders. Of these, inflammation is thought to interact with other mechanisms and is closely associated with the production of pain. Considering the key role of inflammation in IDD, the modulation of inflammation provides us with new options for mitigating the progression of degeneration and may even cause reversal. Many natural substances possess anti-inflammatory functions. Due to the wide availability of such substances, it is important that we screen and identify natural agents that are capable of regulating IVD inflammation. In fact, many studies have demonstrated the potential clinical application of natural substances for the regulation of inflammation in IDD; some of these have been proven to have excellent biosafety. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and interactions that are responsible for inflammation in IDD and review the application of natural products for the modulation of degenerative disc inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtai Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiabo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Baicheng Central Hospital, Baicheng, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Liu Z, Fu C. Application of single and cooperative different delivery systems for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1058251. [PMID: 36452213 PMCID: PMC9702580 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1058251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the most universal pathogenesis of low back pain (LBP), a prevalent and costly medical problem across the world. Persistent low back pain can seriously affect a patient's quality of life and even lead to disability. Furthermore, the corresponding medical expenses create a serious economic burden to both individuals and society. Intervertebral disc degeneration is commonly thought to be related to age, injury, obesity, genetic susceptibility, and other risk factors. Nonetheless, its specific pathological process has not been completely elucidated; the current mainstream view considers that this condition arises from the interaction of multiple mechanisms. With the development of medical concepts and technology, clinicians and scientists tend to intervene in the early or middle stages of intervertebral disc degeneration to avoid further aggravation. However, with the aid of modern delivery systems, it is now possible to intervene in the process of intervertebral disc at the cellular and molecular levels. This review aims to provide an overview of the main mechanisms associated with intervertebral disc degeneration and the delivery systems that can help us to improve the efficacy of intervertebral disc degeneration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtai Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Zhang C, Li Z, Li L, Li S, Yang L, Chen L, Zhang X, Yang S, Guo Y. Achyranthoside D (AD) improve intervertebral disc degeneration through affect the autophagy and the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2022; 30:10225536221135474. [PMID: 36307202 DOI: 10.1177/10225536221135474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of Achyranthoside D (AD) in improving intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). METHODS The IDD model of SD rats and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) was established by lumbar cone annulus puncture and tert-butyl peroxide, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. IVD tissue injury was observed by HE staining. Alcian blue staining observed the glycoprotein secretion in IVD. Monodansylcadaverin (MDC) staining was used to detect the formation of autophagosomes. The LC3 expression was tested by immunofluorescence. The type II collagen, aggrecan and MMP3 expression were detected by ELISA. RT-qPCR was used to detect the Casp 3, Bax, Bcl2, Acan, Col2a1 and Mmp3 expression. The LC3, P62, type II collagen, aggrecan, Beclin1, Akt, MMP3, p-mTOR, PI3K, mTOR, p-PI3K and p-Akt expression were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS The IVD tissue damage and apoptosis occurred in the Model group, and the glycoprotein secretion decreased. Compared with Model group, AD-H group alleviated the injury of IVD tissue, inhibited the apoptosis of cells, and increased the secretion of glycoprotein. 40 μg/mL AD restored the proliferation activity of NPCs. Compared to the Normal group, the NPCs apoptosis increased, the Collagen II, aggrecan and Bcl2 expressions were significantly decreased, the MMP3, Bax and Casp 3 expression were significantly increased, and the LC-3 II/I expression in IVD tissues were increased significantly in Model group, all of which was reversed in AD group. AD promoted the p-Akt, p-PI3K, p-mTOR, LC-3 II/I and Beclin1 expression, inhibited the P62 expression to alleviate the damage of nucleus pulporeus cells and the degeneration of IVD. CONCLUSION AD improved IDD by affecting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Spine Orthopedics Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhaoyong Li
- Spine Orthopedics Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Linghui Li
- Wangjing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofu Li
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medical, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Long Chen
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medical, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medical, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaofeng Yang
- Spine Orthopedics Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yantao Guo
- Spine Orthopedics Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
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14
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Chen HW, Liu MQ, Zhang GZ, Zhang CY, Wang ZH, Lin AX, Kang JH, Liu WZ, Guo XD, Wang YD, Kang XW. Proanthocyanidins inhibit the apoptosis and aging of nucleus pulposus cells through the PI3K/Akt pathway delaying intervertebral disc degeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:650-662. [PMID: 35491814 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2063121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain is a common symptom of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The abnormal apoptosis and senescence of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of IDD. Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are polyphenolic compounds with anti-apoptosis and anti-aging effects. However, their functions in NP cells are not yet clear. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the effects of PACs on NP cell apoptosis and aging and the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The apoptosis rate was determined TUNEL assays. Levels of apoptosis-associated molecules (Bcl-2, Bax, C-caspase-3 and Caspase-9) were evaluated via western blot. The senescence was observed through SA-β-gal staining and western blotting analysis was performed to observe the expression of senescence-related molecules (p-P53, P53, P21 and P16). RESULTS Pretreatment with PACs exhibited protective effects against IL-1β-induced NP cell apoptosis including apoptosis rate, expressions of proapoptosis and antiapoptosis related genes and protein. PACs could also alleviate the increase of p-p53, P21, and P16 in IL-1β-treated NP cells. SA-β-gal staining showed that IL-1β-induced senescence of NP cells was prevented by PACs pertreatment. In addition, PACs activated PI3K/Akt pathway in IL-1β-stimulated NP cells. However, these protected effects were inhibited after LY294002 treatment. CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that PACs inhibit IL-1β-induced apoptosis and aging of NP cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and suggested that PACs have therapeutic potential for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhao-Heng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ai-Xin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ji-He Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xu-Dong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yi-Dian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xue-Wen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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15
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Liu M, Zhang L, Zang W, Zhang K, Li H, Gao Y. Pharmacological Effects of Resveratrol in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Literature Review. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:3141-3149. [PMID: 36303427 PMCID: PMC9732612 DOI: 10.1111/os.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a high incidence disease of musculoskeletal system that often leads to stenosis, instability, pain and even deformity of the spinal segments. IDD is an important cause of discogenic lower back pain and often leads to large economic burden to families and society. Currently, the treatment of IDD is aimed at alleviating symptoms rather than blocking or reversing pathological progression of the damaged intervertebral disc. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol phytoalexin first extracted from the Veratrum grandiflflorum O. Loes and can be found in various plants and red wine. Owing to the in-depth study of pharmacological mechanisms, the therapeutic potential of RSV in various diseases such as osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes have attracted the attention of many researchers. RSV has anti-apoptotic, anti-senescent, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anabolic activities, which can prevent further degeneration of intervertebral disc cells and enhance their regeneration. With high safety and various biological functions, RSV might be a promising candidate for the treatment of IDD. This review summarizes the biological functions of RSV in the treatment of IDD and to facilitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐yang Liu
- Present address:
Henan Province Intelligent Orthopedic Technology Innovation and Transformation International Joint Laboratory, Henan Key Laboratory for Intelligent Precision Orthopedics, Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Liang Zhang
- Present address:
Henan Province Intelligent Orthopedic Technology Innovation and Transformation International Joint Laboratory, Henan Key Laboratory for Intelligent Precision Orthopedics, Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wei‐dong Zang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Kai‐guang Zhang
- Present address:
Henan Province Intelligent Orthopedic Technology Innovation and Transformation International Joint Laboratory, Henan Key Laboratory for Intelligent Precision Orthopedics, Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hai‐jun Li
- Department of Immunity, Institute of Translational MedicineThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilinChina
| | - Yan‐zheng Gao
- Present address:
Henan Province Intelligent Orthopedic Technology Innovation and Transformation International Joint Laboratory, Henan Key Laboratory for Intelligent Precision Orthopedics, Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan UniversityZhengzhouChina
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MECHANISM OF MIR-25-3P CARRIED BY EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES DERIVED FROM PLATELET-RICH PLASMA IN IL-1β-INDUCED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS CELL DEGENERATION VIA THE SOX4/CXCR7 AXIS. Shock 2022; 58:56-67. [PMID: 35984761 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives: Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell degeneration promotes the progression of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. MicroRNAs (miRs) are associated with IVD degeneration. This study expounded the mechanism of microRNA (miR)-25-3p carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced NP cell degeneration. Methods: Platelet-rich plasma from mouse blood was obtained, and EVs were isolated from PRP (EVs derived from PRP [PRP-EVs]) and identified. Nucleus pulposus cells were isolated from the mouse lumbar IVD and treated with IL-1β to induce NP cell degeneration. Extracellular vesicles derived from PRP were added into NP cell culture medium. Afterward, intracellular miR-25-3p, sex determining region Y-related high-mobility-group box 4 (SOX4), and CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) levels were examined. Nucleus pulposus cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation were detected. Extracellular vesicles derived from PRP were labeled by PKH67 to obverse the uptake of EVs by NP cells. The binding relations between SOX4 and miR-25-3p and CXCR7 were predicted and examined. Functional rescue experiments were performed to investigate the roles of miR-25-3p, SOX4, and CXCR7 in NP cell degeneration. Results: miR-25-3p was downregulated, whereas SOX4 and CXCR7 were upregulated in IL-1β-induced NP cells. Extracellular vesicles derived from PRP increased the cell viability, and decreased apoptosis and inflammation. miR-25-3p carried by PRP-EVs into NP cells alleviated NP cell degeneration. miR-25-3p inhibited SOX4 expression and limited CXCR7 transcription. Silencing miR-25-3p or overexpressing SOX4 or CXCR7 reversed the alleviating role of PRP-EVs in NP cell degeneration. Conclusion: miR-25-3p carried by PRP-EVs into NP cells elevated intracellular miR-25-3p expression, which suppressed SOX4 expression and further limited CXCR7 transcription, thus alleviating IL-1β-induced NP cell degeneration. Extracellular vesicles derived from PRP containing miR-25-3p may be a new method for IVD treatment.
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Costăchescu B, Niculescu AG, Teleanu RI, Iliescu BF, Rădulescu M, Grumezescu AM, Dabija MG. Recent Advances in Managing Spinal Intervertebral Discs Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6460. [PMID: 35742903 PMCID: PMC9223374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) represents a frequent and debilitating condition affecting a large part of the global population and posing a worldwide health and economic burden. The major cause of LBP is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a complex disease that can further aggravate and give rise to severe spine problems. As most of the current treatments for IDD either only alleviate the associated symptoms or expose patients to the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications, there is a pressing need to develop better therapeutic strategies. In this respect, the present paper first describes the pathogenesis and etiology of IDD to set the framework for what has to be combated to restore the normal state of intervertebral discs (IVDs), then further elaborates on the recent advances in managing IDD. Specifically, there are reviewed bioactive compounds and growth factors that have shown promising potential against underlying factors of IDD, cell-based therapies for IVD regeneration, biomimetic artificial IVDs, and several other emerging IDD therapeutic options (e.g., exosomes, RNA approaches, and artificial intelligence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Costăchescu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.C.); (B.F.I.); (M.G.D.)
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Raluca Ioana Teleanu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania;
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Florin Iliescu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.C.); (B.F.I.); (M.G.D.)
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Gabriel Dabija
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.C.); (B.F.I.); (M.G.D.)
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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Bi W, Cai S, Hang Z, Lei T, Wang D, Wang L, Du H. Transplantation of feces from mice with Alzheimer's disease promoted lung cancer growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 600:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Integrated Network Pharmacology and Mice Model to Investigate Qing Zao Fang for Treating Sjögren's Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3690016. [PMID: 35341135 PMCID: PMC8941571 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3690016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease, and its conventional treatment has exhibited limited therapeutic efficacy. Qing Zao Fang (QZF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome, but its chemical composition is complex, and its pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential mechanism of QZF in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome based on network pharmacology and SS mouse model. The main active components and predicted targets of QZF were analyzed by network pharmacology. The SS mouse model was constructed and divided into 6 groups: control, SS, SS + hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-treated, SS + low-dose QZF-treated, SS + medium-dose QZF-treated, and SS + high-dose QZF-treated group. Immunohistochemical, ELISA, and qRT-PCR assays were performed to detect the expressions of targets associated with SS. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis. Cumulatively, 230 active compounds and 1883 targets of QZF were identified. There were 227 common targets for QZF and SS. The effective active ingredients were stigmasterol, neocryptotanshinone II, neotanshinone C, miltionone I, and beta-pinene. It mainly acts on biological processes such as inflammatory response, chemokine metabolic process, and immune response as well as pathways such as FoxO signaling pathway, Yersinia infection, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. In SS mice, levels of AKT1, HIF-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A were increased, while decreased after QZF treatment. In contrast, IL-10 levels were decreased in SS mice and increased in QZF-treated mice. In addition, QZF reduced apoptosis in the submandibular gland tissue compared to SS mice. It can be concluded that the QZF in treatment of SS is the result of the combined action of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. This study improves the understanding of the link between QZF and SS on molecular mechanisms.
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Zhang H, Yao S, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Fu F, Bian Y, Luo H, Li Y, Yan S, Ge Y, Chen Y, Zhan K, Ge Y, Chen Z, Yue M, Li X, Du W, Jin H, Tong P, Ruan H, Wu C. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Reveal the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction Against Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4911-4924. [PMID: 34880601 PMCID: PMC8648103 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s338439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction (LWDHD) against intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) via network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental validation. Methods First, active ingredients and related targets of LWDHD, as well as related genes of IVDD, were collected from public databases. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were performed to predict the core targets and pathways of LWDHD against IVDD. Secondly, the IVDD model of mice treated with LWDHD was selected to validate the major targets predicted by network pharmacology. Results By searching the intersection of the active ingredient targets and IVDD targets, a total of 110 targets matched the related targets of 30 active ingredients in LWDHD and IVDD were retrieved. PPI network analysis indicated that 17 targets, including Caspase-3, IL-1β, P53, etc., were hub targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the apoptosis pathway was enriched by multiple targets and served as the target for in vivo experimental study validation. The results of animal experiments revealed that LWDHD administration not only restored the decrease in disc height and abnormal degradation of matrix metabolism in IVDD mice but also reversed the high expression of Bax, Caspase-3, IL-1β, P53, and low expression of Bcl-2, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of IVD tissue and ameliorating the progression of IVDD. Conclusion Using a comprehensive network pharmacology approach, our findings predicted the active ingredients and potential targets of LWDHD intervention for IVDD, and some major target proteins involved in the predictive signaling pathway were validated experimentally, which gave us a new understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of LWDHD in treating IVDD at the comprehensive level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihao Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Yao
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcong Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishan Bian
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Yan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Ge
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyu Zhan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Ge
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuxiang Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Du
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated JiangNan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Huo Y, Yang D, Lai K, Tu J, Zhu Y, Ding W, Yang S. Antioxidant Effects of Resveratrol in Intervertebral Disk. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:1135-1144. [PMID: 34670455 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1988771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) can cause various spinal degenerative diseases. Cumulative evidence has indicated that IVDD can result from inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, biomechanical changes and other factors. Currently, lack of conservative treatment for degenerative spinal diseases leads to an urgent demand for clinically applicable medication to ameliorate the progression of IVDD. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol compound extracted from red wine or grapes, has shown protective effects on IVD, alleviating the progression of IVDD. Resveratrol has been demonstrated as a scavenger of free radicals both in vivo and in vitro. The antioxidant effects of resveratrol are likely attributed to its regulation on mitochondrial dysfunction or the elimination of reactive oxygen species. This review will summarize the mechanisms of the reactive oxygen species production and elaborate the mechanisms of resveratrol in retarding IVDD progression, providing a comprehensive understanding of the antioxidant effects of resveratrol in IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachong Huo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Dalong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Kaitao Lai
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ji Tu
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yibo Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Sidong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Melatonin Suppresses Apoptosis of Nucleus Pulposus Cells through Inhibiting Autophagy via the PI3K/Akt Pathway in a High-Glucose Culture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4604258. [PMID: 34660789 PMCID: PMC8519679 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4604258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus- (DM-) associated hyperglycemia promotes apoptosis of disc nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, which is a contributor to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Melatonin is able to protect against cell apoptosis. However, its effects on apoptosis of NP cell in a high-glucose culture remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of melatonin on NP cell apoptosis in a high-glucose culture. NP cells were cultured in the baseline medium supplemented with a high-glucose concentration (0.2 M) for 3 days. The control cells were only cultured in the baseline medium. Additionally, the pharmaceutical inhibitor LY294002 was added along with the culture medium to investigate the possible role of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Apoptosis, autophagy, and activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway of NP cells among these groups were evaluated. Compared with the control NP cells, high glucose significantly increased cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/caspase-9 activity and decreased mRNA expression of Bcl-2, whereas it increased mRNA or protein expression of Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and autophagy-related molecules (Atg3, Atg5, Beclin-1, and LC3-II) and decreased protein expression of p-Akt compared with the control cells. Additionally, melatonin partly inhibited the effects of high glucose on those parameters of cell apoptosis, autophagy, and activation of PI3K/Akt. In conclusion, melatonin attenuates apoptosis of NP cells through inhibiting the excessive autophagy via the PI3K/Akt pathway in a high-glucose culture. This study provides new theoretical basis of the protective effects of melatonin against disc degeneration in a DM patient.
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23
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Resveratrol Suppresses Annulus Fibrosus Cell Apoptosis through Regulating Oxidative Stress Reaction in an Inflammatory Environment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9100444. [PMID: 34616848 PMCID: PMC8490034 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During disc degeneration, the increase of inflammatory cytokines and decrease of disc cell density are two prominent features. Enhanced inflammatory reaction contributes to disc annulus fibrosus (AF) cell apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether resveratrol can suppress AF cell apoptosis in an inflammatory environment. Rat disc AF cells were cultured in medium with or without tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Resveratrol was added along with the culture medium supplemented with TNF-α. Caspase-3 activity, cell apoptosis ratio, expression of apoptosis-associated molecules (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-3), reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Our results showed that TNF-α significantly increased caspase-3 activity and AF cell apoptosis ratio and upregulated gene/protein expression of Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP, whereas it downregulated the expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, TNF-α significantly increased ROS content but decreased the total SOD activity. Further analysis demonstrated that resveratrol partly attenuated the effects of TNF-α on AF cell apoptosis-associated parameters, decreased ROS content, and increased the total SOD activity in the AF cells treated with TNF-α. In conclusion, resveratrol attenuates inflammatory cytokine TNF-α-induced AF cell apoptosis through regulating oxidative stress reaction in vitro. This study sheds a new light on the protective role of resveratrol in alleviating disc degeneration.
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Natural Products of Pharmacology and Mechanisms in Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9963677. [PMID: 34394398 PMCID: PMC8357477 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9963677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain (LBP), which severely reduces the quality of life and imposes a heavy financial burden on the families of affected individuals. Current research suggests that IDD is a complex cell-mediated process. Inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal mechanical load, telomere shortening, DNA damage, and nutrient deprivation contribute to intervertebral disc cell senescence and changes in matrix metabolism, ultimately causing IDD. Natural products are widespread, structurally diverse, afford unique advantages, and exhibit great potential in terms of IDD treatment. In recent years, increasing numbers of natural ingredients have been shown to inhibit the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells through various modes of action. Here, we review the pharmacological effects of natural products on nucleus pulposus cells and the mechanisms involved. An improved understanding of how natural products target signalling pathways will aid the development of anti-IDD drugs. This review focuses on potential IDD drugs.
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25
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Resveratrol protects human nucleus pulposus cells from degeneration by blocking IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:81. [PMID: 34321087 PMCID: PMC8320225 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleus pulposus cells’ (NPCs’) degeneration is mainly responsible for the intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is closely related to inflammatory response. Among the major proinflammatory factors that are related to NPCs’ degeneration, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its downstream JAK/STAT3 pathway have received recent attention. The goal of our study is to figure out whether or how resveratrol (RSV) can protect NPCs from degeneration by affecting IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. Methods Different concentrations of RSV were added to NPCs’ mediums. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and crystal violet staining. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Protein expression level was determined by western blot. mRNA expression level was measured by qPCR. Results Our study showed that RSV improved NPCs’ cell viability. It also inhibited cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which were accompanied by the increased expression level of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and N-Cadherin. What’ more, RSV also improved the NPCs’ degeneration which was reflected in the increase of extracellular matrix (collagen II, Aggrecan). Moreover, RSV significantly attenuated the level of IL-6 secretion, which was accompanied by less phosphorylation of the transcription factors Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Conclusion RSV exerted its protective effect on HNPCs’ degeneration by improving cell survival and function. The possible mechanism may be associated with the suppression of JAK/STAT3 phosphorylation and the decreased IL-6 production, which could be explained by a blockage of the positive feedback control loop between IL-6 and JAK/STAT3 pathway.
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26
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Zhao F, Guo Z, Hou F, Fan W, Wu B, Qian Z. Magnoflorine Alleviates "M1" Polarized Macrophage-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Through Repressing the HMGB1/Myd88/NF-κB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:701087. [PMID: 34366853 PMCID: PMC8343137 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.701087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is related to the deterioration of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells due to hypertrophic differentiation and calcification. The imbalance of pro-inflammatory (M1 type) and anti-inflammatory (M2 type) macrophages contributes to maintaining tissue integrity. Here, we aimed to probe the effect of Magnoflorine (MAG) on NP cell apoptosis mediated by “M1” polarized macrophages. THP-1 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce “M1” polarized macrophages. Under the treatment with increasing concentrations of MAG, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-18), high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), as well as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in THP-1 cells were determined. What’s more, human NP cells were treated with the conditioned medium (CM) from THP-1 cells. The NP cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated. Western blot (WB) was adopted to monitor the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Caspase3, and Caspase9), catabolic enzymes (MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5), and extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions (collagen II and aggrecan) in NP cells. As a result, LPS evidently promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and HMGB1, the MyD88-NF-κB activation, and the NLRP3 inflammasome profile in THP-1 cells, while MAG obviously inhibited the "M1″ polarization of THP-1 cells. After treatment with “M1” polarized THP-1 cell CM, NP cell viability was decreased, while cell apoptosis, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis-related proteins, and catabolic enzymes were distinctly up-regulated, and ECM compositions were reduced. After treatment with MAG, NP cell damages were dramatically eased. Furthermore, MAG dampened the HMGB1 expression and inactivated the MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome in NP cells. In conclusion, this study confirmed that MAG alleviates “M1” polarized macrophage-mediated NP cell damage by inactivating the HMGB1-MyD88-NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, which provides a new reference for IDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhenye Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Fushan Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Binqiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhonglai Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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27
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Xiao Q, Teng Y, Xu C, Pan W, Yang H, Zhao J, Zhou Q. Role of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Nucleus Pulposus Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9941253. [PMID: 34307680 PMCID: PMC8270693 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9941253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. METHODS Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were isolated from SD rat, and thereafter, passage three (P3) NP cells were divided into the following experimental groups: control, PI3K/AKT agonist IGF-1 (25 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml, and 100 ng/ml), and PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 (5 μM, 10 μM, and 20 μM). Flow cytometry and BrdU cell proliferation assays were performed to assess apoptosis and the proliferation rate of NP cells. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the protein expression level of Col II, Col X, Aggrecan, and MMP13. RESULTS PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 increased the rate of apoptosis in NP cells when compared to the control and decreased the proliferation rate when compared to control. Moreover, LY294002 decreased the protein expression level of Col-II and Aggrecan in NP cells. At the same time, LY294002 increased the protein expression level of MMP13 and Col-X in NP cells. Through activating PI3K/AKT, IGF-1 increased the proliferation rate when compared to control and decreased the rate of apoptosis when compared to control. Additionally, IGF-1 decreased the protein expression level of MMP13 and Col-X and increased Col-II and Aggrecan in NP cells. CONCLUSION The inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway accelerated the apoptosis of NP cells and facilitated the extracellular matrix degradation. However, the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway partly prevented the NP cell from apoptosis and promoted their proliferation. Meanwhile, its activation also delayed the loss of extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Lianshui People's Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical Universty, Lianshui, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Lianshui People's Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical Universty, Lianshui, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, China
| | - Hanshi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, China
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28
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Chen GY, Chen JQ, Liu XY, Xu Y, Luo J, Wang YF, Zhou TL, Yan ZR, Zhou L, Tao QW. Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Restore the MMP/TIMP Balance in Models of Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting the Activation of the NF- κB and PI3K/AKT Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6634837. [PMID: 33995548 PMCID: PMC8081598 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6634837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) have been shown to have beneficial effects on osteoarthritis (OA) clinically, but the mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of TFRD on articular cartilage in an OA rat model established by the Hulth method and in SW1353 chondrocytes induced by the proinflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The results showed that TFRD could alleviate the pathological changes in knee cartilage in OA model rats. In vivo, the qPCR analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13, were decreased, while tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases- (TIMP-) 4 was increased in cartilage, and these changes could be partially prevented by TFRD. In vitro experiments showed that IL-1β could significantly increase the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 and decrease the expression of TIMP-4 in SW1353 cells at the mRNA and protein levels. TFRD could increase the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 and decrease the expression of TIMP-4. Transfection of siRNA and addition of pathway inhibitors were used to clarify that inhibition of NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathway decreased MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 and increased TIMP-4 expression. We also found that in IL-1β-induced SW1353 cells, TFRD pretreatment had a modest inhibitory effect on p-AKT (Ser473) and reversed the increase of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 in nuclear fraction and the decrease of inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB)-α in the cytosolic fraction. Further immunofluorescence confirmed that TFRD can inhibit IL-1β-induced NF-κB p65 translocation to the nucleus to some extent. In conclusion, TFRD showed chondroprotective effects by restoring the MMP/TIMP balance in OA models by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yao Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of TCM Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of TCM Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tong-Liang Zhou
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ze-Ran Yan
- Department of TCM Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing-Wen Tao
- Department of TCM Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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29
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Lyu FJ, Cui H, Pan H, MC Cheung K, Cao X, Iatridis JC, Zheng Z. Painful intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation: from laboratory evidence to clinical interventions. Bone Res 2021; 9:7. [PMID: 33514693 PMCID: PMC7846842 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), as a leading cause of disability, is a common musculoskeletal disorder that results in major social and economic burdens. Recent research has identified inflammation and related signaling pathways as important factors in the onset and progression of disc degeneration, a significant contributor to LBP. Inflammatory mediators also play an indispensable role in discogenic LBP. The suppression of LBP is a primary goal of clinical practice but has not received enough attention in disc research studies. Here, an overview of the advances in inflammation-related pain in disc degeneration is provided, with a discussion on the role of inflammation in IVD degeneration and pain induction. Puncture models, mechanical models, and spontaneous models as the main animal models to study painful disc degeneration are discussed, and the underlying signaling pathways are summarized. Furthermore, potential drug candidates, either under laboratory investigation or undergoing clinical trials, to suppress discogenic LBP by eliminating inflammation are explored. We hope to attract more research interest to address inflammation and pain in IDD and contribute to promoting more translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Juan Lyu
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haowen Cui
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hehai Pan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XBreast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kenneth MC Cheung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Xu Cao
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Zhaomin Zheng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kamali A, Ziadlou R, Lang G, Pfannkuche J, Cui S, Li Z, Richards RG, Alini M, Grad S. Small molecule-based treatment approaches for intervertebral disc degeneration: Current options and future directions. Theranostics 2021; 11:27-47. [PMID: 33391459 PMCID: PMC7681102 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a major reason for disability, and symptomatic intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) contributes to roughly 40% of all LBP cases. Current treatment modalities for IDD include conservative and surgical strategies. Unfortunately, there is a significant number of patients in which conventional therapies fail with the result that these patients remain suffering from chronic pain and disability. Furthermore, none of the current therapies successfully address the underlying biological problem - the symptomatic degenerated disc. Both spinal fusion as well as total disc replacement devices reduce spinal motion and are associated with adjacent segment disease. Thus, there is an unmet need for novel and stage-adjusted therapies to combat IDD. Several new treatment options aiming to regenerate the IVD are currently under investigation. The most common approaches include tissue engineering, growth factor therapy, gene therapy, and cell-based treatments according to the stage of degeneration. Recently, the regenerative activity of small molecules (low molecular weight organic compounds with less than 900 daltons) on IDD was demonstrated. However, small molecule-based therapy in IDD is still in its infancy due to limited knowledge about the mechanisms that control different cell signaling pathways of IVD homeostasis. Small molecules can act as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anabolic agents, which can prevent further degeneration of disc cells and enhance their regeneration. This review pursues to give a comprehensive overview of small molecules, focusing on low molecular weight organic compounds, and their potential utilization in patients with IDD based on recent in vitro, in vivo, and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kamali
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Reihane Ziadlou
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, CH
| | - Gernot Lang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Shangbin Cui
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- The first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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Zhu L, Yu C, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zhan F, Yu X, Wang S, He F, Han Y, Zhao H. The treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration using Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113117. [PMID: 32738389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the most common causes of chronic low back pain that spending a lot of workforces and financial resources, seriously affecting human physical and mental health. Clinically used drug treatments and surgical treatments cannot fundamentally relieve the disease and have a risk of recurrence. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a history of more than a thousand years in the prevention and treatment of IDD. However, so far, there are few reviews on the treatment of IDD by TCM. Therefore, it is crucial and necessary to systematically mine the existing literature on the treatment of IDD with TCM. This paper strives to systematically describe the modern medicine and TCM theoretical research on IDD, progress in the treatment of IDD and focuses on the treatment of IDD by TCM, which would lay some theoretical foundation and provide new directions for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on clinical observations, animal experiments and relevant pharmacology data about the treatment of IDD were gathered from various sources including traditional Chinese books and Chinese Pharmacopoeia, scientific databases (Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Spring Link, Web of Science) and from different professional websites. RESULTS This review mainly introduces the current research on the theoretical research on IDD, the combination principle of the TCM formula, and the underlying mechanism of the formula and active ingredients. CONCLUSIONS At present, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research in different ways, such as the molecular mechanism and predisposing factors of IDD, which provides theoretical development and clinical practice significance for future research. TCM, as a multi-component and multi-targeted drug, can produce synergistic effects to exert its efficacy. Therefore, the development of TCM with more specific functions and practical data will not only become a significant trend in the world market but also has an irreplaceable role in the future treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Changsui Yu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhongbao Yu
- Liaoning Yuzhongbao Chinese Medicine Clinic, Kuandian, 118200, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhan
- Liaoning Yuzhongbao Chinese Medicine Clinic, Kuandian, 118200, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuren Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Feng He
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yusheng Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - He Zhao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Hu S, Fu Y, Yan B, Shen Z, Lan T. Analysis of key genes and pathways associated with the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:371. [PMID: 32873329 PMCID: PMC7465721 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is widely known as the main contributor to low back pain which has a negative socioeconomic impact worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the dataset GSE23130 using bioinformatics methods to identify the pivotal genes and pathways associated with IDD. MATERIAL/METHODS The gene expression data of GSE23130 was downloaded, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from 8 samples and 15 controls. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Also, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and visualized, followed by identification of hub genes and key module. RESULTS A total of 30 downregulated and 79 upregulated genes were identified. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the regulation of protein catabolic process, extracellular matrix organization, collagen fibril organization, and extracellular structure organization. Meanwhile, we found that most DEGs were primarily enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The top 10 hub genes were FN1, COL1A2, SPARC, COL3A1, CTGF, LUM, TIMP1, THBS2, COL5A2, and TGFB1. CONCLUSIONS In summary, key candidate genes and pathways were identified by using integrated bioinformatics analysis, which may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and offer potential target genes for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yucheng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tao Lan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Wang Y, Che M, Xin J, Zheng Z, Li J, Zhang S. The role of IL-1β and TNF-α in intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110660. [PMID: 32853910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), a prevalent and costly disease around the world, is predominantly caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). LBP also presents a substantial burden to public health and the economy. IDD is mainly caused by aging, trauma, genetic susceptibility, and other factors. It is closely associated with changes in tissue structure and function, including progressive destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM), enhanced senescence, disc cell death, and impairment of tissue biomechanical function. The inflammatory process, exacerbated by cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are considered to be the key mediators of IDD and LBP. IL-1β and TNF-α are the most important proinflammatory cytokines, as they have powerful proinflammatory activities and can promote the secretion of a variety of proinflammatory mediators. They are also upregulated in the degenerative IVDs, and they are closely related to various pathological IDD processes, including inflammatory response, matrix destruction, cellular senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and proliferation. Therefore, anti-IL-1β and anti-TNF-α therapies may have the potential to alleviate disc degeneration and LBP. In this paper, we reviewed the expression pattern and signal transduction pathways of IL-1β and TNF-α, and we primarily focused on their similar and different roles in IDD. Because IL-1β and TNF-α inhibition have the potential to alleviate IDD, an in-depth understanding of the role of IL-1β and TNF-α in IDD will benefit the development of new treatment methods for disc degeneration with IL-1β and TNF-α at the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingxue Che
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingguo Xin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Resveratrol protects against apoptosis induced by interleukin-1β in nucleus pulposus cells via activating mTOR/caspase-3 and GSK-3β/caspase-3 pathways. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:225857. [PMID: 32696949 PMCID: PMC7391128 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the specific downstream signaling pathway mediated by PI3K/Akt in resveratrol (RES) anti-apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Materials and methods: Human NPCs were cultured and divided into six groups. Interleukin (IL)-1β was used to induce apoptosis and RES to inhibit apoptosis. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was used to test apoptotic incidence of NPCs, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to detect cell viability, The expression level of caspase-3 mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR, and protein levels were determined by Western blot. Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that IL-1β increased the apoptosis rate of NPCs in each group, and RES significantly decreased the apoptosis rate, while rapamycin (RAPA) and SB216763 inhibited the effect of RES and increased the apoptosis rate again. Similarly, CCK-8 showed that IL-1β decreased activity of NPCs in each group, while RES increased cell activity, RAPA and SB216763 inhibited the effect of RES and decreased cell activity. RT-qPCR results showed IL-1β significantly increased the level of caspase-3 expression, but it was significantly decreased by using RES, RAPA and SB216763 respectively attenuated effects of RES. Western blot results showed that activated caspase-3 was inhibited by RES effect, and was up-regulated again after the addition of RAPA and SB216763. In addition, p-mTOR and p-GSK-3β were up-regulated by RES and down-regulated by RAPA and SB216763. Conclusion: RES can inhibit apoptosis induced by IL-1β in human NPCs. PI3K/Akt/mTOR/caspase-3 and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/caspase-3 pathways are potential mechanisms underlying this process.
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Pang L, Yang K, Zhang Z. High-glucose environment accelerates annulus fibrosus cell apoptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200262. [PMID: 32515472 PMCID: PMC7328627 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor of intervertebral disc degeneration. However, how DM affects annulus fibrosus (AF) biology remains unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of high glucose on AF cell biology. Rat AF cells were cultured in baseline medium and culture medium with 0.2 M glucose. The inhibitor 4-PBA was added along with the high glucose culture medium to study the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this process. Compared with the control cells, high glucose significantly increased cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/9 activity, up-regulated mRNA/protein expression of Bax and caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3, but down-regulated mRNA/protein expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, high glucose increased mRNA and protein expression of CHOP, ATF-6 and GRP78. However, once ER stress was inhibited by the inhibitor 4-PBA in the high glucose group, cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/9 activity were decreased, mRNA/protein expression of Bax and caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 was down-regulated, but mRNA/protein expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated. In conclusion, high glucose condition can promote AF cell apoptosis through inducing ER stress. The present study helps us understand the mechanism of disc degeneration in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianglong Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital and
Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng
252000, Shandong, China
| | - Keshi Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital and
Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng
252000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital and
Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng
252000, Shandong, China
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Xie J, Li B, Yao B, Zhang P, Wang L, Lu H, Song X. Transforming growth factor-β1-regulated Fas/FasL pathway activation suppresses nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis in an inflammatory environment. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20191726. [PMID: 31808511 PMCID: PMC7005578 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During disc degeneration, inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is correlated with nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 has the potential to regenerate degenerative disc. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective role of TGF-β1 against TNF-α-mediated NP cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Rat NP cells were treated with TNF-α (100 ng/ml) for 48 h. TGF-β1 was added into the culture medium to investigate its protective effects against TNF-α-induced NP cell apoptosis. Exogenous FasL was used to investigate the potential role of the Fas/FasL pathway in this process. Flow cytometry assay was used to analyze NP cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze gene and protein expression of apoptosis-related molecules. RESULTS In TNF-α-treated NP cells, TGF-β1 significantly decreased NP cell apoptosis, declined caspase-3 and -8 activity, and decreased expression of Bax and caspase-3 (cleaved-caspase-3) but increased expression of Bcl-2. However, exogenous FasL partly reversed these effects of TGF-β1 in NP cells treated with TNF-α. Additionally, expression of Fas and FasL in TNF-α-treated NP cells partly decreased by TGF-β1, whereas exogenous FasL increased expression of Fas and FasL in NP cells treated with TGF-β1 and TNF-α. CONCLUSION TGF-β1 helps to inhibit TNF-α-induced NP cell apoptosis and the Fas/FasL pathway may be involved in this process. The present study suggests that TGF-β1 may be effective to retard inflammation-mediated disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Pingchao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Xuan Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Jin LY, Song XX, Li XF. The role of estrogen in intervertebral disc degeneration. Steroids 2020; 154:108549. [PMID: 31812622 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a main contributor to low back and radicular pain, which imposes heavy economic burdens on society. However, the etiology and mechanism of IVDD are complex and still not completely clear. In particular, the role of estrogen in IVDD has not received much attention in recent research, although estrogen plays a crucial role in the metabolic dysfunction of others musculoskeletal structures, such as bone, muscle, and tendon. In this review, we attempt to describe the role of estrogen in IVDD and to summarize the proposed mechanisms in vivo and in vitro, as well as, to outline several interesting questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1058, Huan Zheng Bei Rd, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xin-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1058, Huan Zheng Bei Rd, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Xu J, Li H, Yang K, Guo S, Wang J, Feng C, Chen H. Hyper-osmolarity environment-induced oxidative stress injury promotes nucleus pulposus cell senescence in vitro. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191711. [PMID: 31471533 PMCID: PMC6753320 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell senescence is involved in disc degeneration. The in situ osmolarity within the NP region is an important regulator of disc cell's biology. However, its effects on NP cell senescence remain unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of hyper-osmolarity on NP cell senescence. Rat NP cells were cultured in the in situ-osmolarity medium and hyper-osmolarity medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was added along with the medium to investigate the role of oxidative injury. Cell cycle, cell proliferation, senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, telomerase activity, expression of senescence markers (p16 and p53) and matrix molecules (aggrecan and collagen II) were tested to assess NP cell senescence. Compared with the in situ-osmolarity culture, hyper-osmolarity culture significantly decreased cell proliferation and telomerase activity, increased SA-β-Gal activity and cell fraction in the G0/G1 phase, up-regulated expression of senescence markers (p16 and p53) and down-regulated expression of matrix molecules (aggrecan and collagen II), and increased intracellular ROS accumulation. However, addition of NAC partly reversed these effects of hyper-osmolarity culture on cellular senescence and decreased ROS content in NP cells. In conclusion, a hyper-osmolarity culture promotes NP cell senescence through inducing oxidative stress injury. The present study provides new knowledge on NP cell senescence and helps us to better understand the mechanism of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoshuai Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayou Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Botlagunta M, Mathi P, Musunuru N, Adurthi U. Comparative in vitro and in silico characterization of anticancer compounds piceatannol, biochanin-A and resveratrol on breast cancer cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_146_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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