1
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Faizo NL. The intestinal stem cell as a target: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39456. [PMID: 39183418 PMCID: PMC11346866 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal epithelium handles several events that may affect health. It is composed of villi and crypts, which contain different types of cells. Each cell type plays an essential role in intestinal functions, including absorption, defense, self-renewal, and regeneration. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs), located at the base of intestinal crypts, play an important role in intestinal homeostasis and renewal. Any disruption in intestinal homeostasis, in which ISCs alter their function, may result in tumor growth. As Wnt and Notch signaling pathways are essential for ISCs homeostasis and for maintaining self-renewal, any defects in these pathways could increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Lgr5+ cells have been identified as intestinal stem cells expressing a leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), which is involved in the regulation of Wnt signaling. Several studies have reported upregulated expression of LGR5 in CRC. Hence, in this review, we discuss the relationship between LGR5, Wnt signaling, and Notch signaling and the development of CRC, as well as recent therapeutic strategies targeting LGR5, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and the aforementioned signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Lutfi Faizo
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Bustamante-Madrid P, Barbáchano A, Albandea-Rodríguez D, Rodríguez-Cobos J, Rodríguez-Salas N, Prieto I, Burgos A, Martínez de Villarreal J, Real FX, González-Sancho JM, Larriba MJ, Lafarga M, Muñoz A, Fernández-Barral A. Vitamin D opposes multilineage cell differentiation induced by Notch inhibition and BMP4 pathway activation in human colon organoids. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:301. [PMID: 38684650 PMCID: PMC11058856 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms involved in colonic epithelial differentiation is key to unraveling the alterations causing inflammatory conditions and cancer. Organoid cultures provide an unique tool to address these questions but studies are scarce. We report a differentiation system toward enterocytes and goblet cells, the two major colonic epithelial cell lineages, using colon organoids generated from healthy tissue of colorectal cancer patients. Culture of these organoids in medium lacking stemness agents resulted in a modest ultrastructural differentiation phenotype with low-level expression of enterocyte (KLF4, KRT20, CA1, FABP2) and goblet cell (TFF2, TFF3, AGR2) lineage markers. BMP pathway activation through depletion of Noggin and addition of BMP4 resulted in enterocyte-biased differentiation. Contrarily, blockade of the Notch pathway using the γ-secretase inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) favored goblet cell differentiation. Combination treatment with BMP4 and DBZ caused a balanced strong induction of both lineages. In contrast, colon tumor organoids responded poorly to BMP4 showing only weak signals of cell differentiation, and were unresponsive to DBZ. We also investigated the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) on differentiation. Calcitriol attenuated the effects of BMP4 and DBZ on colon normal organoids, with reduced expression of differentiation genes and phenotype. Consistently, in normal organoids, calcitriol inhibited early signaling by BMP4 as assessed by reduction of the level of phospho-SMAD1/5/8. Our results show that BMP and Notch signaling play key roles in human colon stem cell differentiation to the enterocytic and goblet cell lineages and that calcitriol modulates these processes favoring stemness features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Bustamante-Madrid
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Albandea-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Cobos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez-Salas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Burgos
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez de Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Verma S, Lin X, Coulson-Thomas VJ. The Potential Reversible Transition between Stem Cells and Transient-Amplifying Cells: The Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:748. [PMID: 38727284 PMCID: PMC11083486 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) undergo asymmetric division, producing transit-amplifying cells (TACs) with increased proliferative potential that move into tissues and ultimately differentiate into a specialized cell type. Thus, TACs represent an intermediary state between stem cells and differentiated cells. In the cornea, a population of stem cells resides in the limbal region, named the limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs). As LESCs proliferate, they generate TACs that move centripetally into the cornea and differentiate into corneal epithelial cells. Upon limbal injury, research suggests a population of progenitor-like cells that exists within the cornea can move centrifugally into the limbus, where they dedifferentiate into LESCs. Herein, we summarize recent advances made in understanding the mechanism that governs the differentiation of LESCs into TACs, and thereafter, into corneal epithelial cells. We also outline the evidence in support of the existence of progenitor-like cells in the cornea and whether TACs could represent a population of cells with progenitor-like capabilities within the cornea. Furthermore, to gain further insights into the dynamics of TACs in the cornea, we outline the most recent findings in other organ systems that support the hypothesis that TACs can dedifferentiate into SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110078, India
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
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4
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Wang K, Liu Y, Li H, Liang X, Hao M, Yuan D, Ding L. Claudin-7 is essential for the maintenance of colonic stem cell homoeostasis via the modulation of Wnt/Notch signalling. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:284. [PMID: 38654000 PMCID: PMC11039680 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play a crucial role in the continuous self-renewal and recovery of the intestinal epithelium. In previous studies, we have revealed that the specific absence of Claudin-7 (Cldn-7) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can lead to the development of spontaneous colitis. However, the mechanisms by which Cldn-7 maintains homeostasis in the colonic epithelium remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we used IEC- and ISC-specific Cldn-7 knockout mice to investigate the regulatory effects of Cldn-7 on colonic Lgr5+ stem cells in the mediation of colonic epithelial injury and repair under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Notably, our findings reveal that Cldn-7 deletion disrupts the self-renewal and differentiation of colonic stem cells alongside the formation of colonic organoids in vitro. Additionally, these Cldn-7 knockout models exhibited heightened susceptibility to experimental colitis, limited epithelial repair and regeneration, and increased differentiation toward the secretory lineage. Mechanistically, we also established that Cldn-7 facilitates the proliferation, differentiation, and organoid formation of Lgr5+ stem cells through the maintenance of Wnt and Notch signalling pathways in the colonic epithelium. Overall, our study provides new insights into the maintenance of ISC function and colonic epithelial homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dajin Yuan
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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5
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López-Posadas R, Bagley DC, Pardo-Pastor C, Ortiz-Zapater E. The epithelium takes the stage in asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1258859. [PMID: 38529406 PMCID: PMC10961468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1258859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelium is a dynamic barrier and the damage to this epithelial layer governs a variety of complex mechanisms involving not only epithelial cells but all resident tissue constituents, including immune and stroma cells. Traditionally, diseases characterized by a damaged epithelium have been considered "immunological diseases," and research efforts aimed at preventing and treating these diseases have primarily focused on immuno-centric therapeutic strategies, that often fail to halt or reverse the natural progression of the disease. In this review, we intend to focus on specific mechanisms driven by the epithelium that ensure barrier function. We will bring asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases into the spotlight, as we believe that these two diseases serve as pertinent examples of epithelium derived pathologies. Finally, we will argue how targeting the epithelium is emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy that holds promise for addressing these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universtiy Eralngen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dustin C. Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Liu J, Liu K, Wang Y, Shi Z, Xu R, Zhang Y, Li J, Liu C, Xue B. Death receptor 5 is required for intestinal stem cell activity during intestinal epithelial renewal at homoeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:27. [PMID: 38199990 PMCID: PMC10782029 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial renewal, which depends on the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), is essential for epithelial homoeostasis. Understanding the mechanism controlling ISC activity is important. We found that death receptor 5 (DR5) gene deletion (DR5-/-) mice had impaired epithelial absorption and barrier function, resulting in delayed weight gain, which might be related to the general reduction of differentiated epithelial cells. In DR5-/- mice, the expression of ISC marker genes, the number of Olfm4+ ISCs, and the number of Ki67+ and BrdU+ cells in crypt were reduced. Furthermore, DR5 deletion inhibited the expression of lineage differentiation genes driving ISC differentiation into enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells. Therefore, DR5 gene loss may inhibit the intestinal epithelial renewal by dampening ISC activity. The ability of crypts from DR5-/- mice to form organoids decreased, and selective DR5 activation by Bioymifi promoted organoid growth and the expression of ISC and intestinal epithelial cell marker genes. Silencing of endogenous DR5 ligand TRAIL in organoids down-regulated the expression of ISC and intestinal epithelial cell marker genes. So, DR5 expressed in intestinal crypts was involved in the regulation of ISC activity. DR5 deletion in vivo or activation in organoids inhibited or enhanced the activity of Wnt, Notch, and BMP signalling through regulating the production of Paneth cell-derived ISC niche factors. DR5 gene deletion caused apoptosis and DNA damage in transit amplifying cells by inhibiting ERK1/2 activity in intestinal crypts. Inhibition of ERK1/2 with PD0325901 dampened the ISC activity and epithelial regeneration. In organoids, when Bioymifi's effect in activating ERK1/2 activity was completely blocked by PD0325901, its role in stimulating ISC activity and promoting epithelial regeneration was also eliminated. In summary, DR5 in intestinal crypts is essential for ISC activity during epithelial renewal under homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziru Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Runze Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yundi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Peng Z, Bao L, Shi B, Shi YB. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 is required for the maintenance of adult small intestinal and colonic epithelial cell homeostasis. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:554-568. [PMID: 38169732 PMCID: PMC10758107 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.89958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate adult intestinal epithelium has a high self-renewal rate driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the crypts, which play central roles in maintaining intestinal integrity and homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we showed that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), a major arginine methyltransferase that can also function as a transcription co-activator, was highly expressed in the proliferating cells of adult mouse intestinal crypts. Intestinal epithelium-specific knockout of PRMT1, which ablates PRMT1 gene starting during embryogenesis, caused distinct, region-specific effects on small intestine and colon: increasing and decreasing the goblet cell number in the small intestinal and colonic crypts, respectively, leading to elongation of the crypts in small intestine but not colon, while increasing crypt cell proliferation in both regions. We further generated a tamoxifen-inducible intestinal epithelium-specific PRMT1 knockout mouse model and found that tamoxifen-induced knockout of PRMT1 in the adult mice resulted in the same region-specific intestinal phenotypes. Thus, our studies have for the first time revealed that the epigenetic enzyme PRMT1 has distinct, region-specific roles in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial architecture and homeostasis, although PRMT1 may influence intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Lingyu Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, USA
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Kurup S, Tan C, Kume T. Cardiac and intestinal tissue conduct developmental and reparative processes in response to lymphangiocrine signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1329770. [PMID: 38178871 PMCID: PMC10764504 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1329770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels conduct a diverse range of activities to sustain the integrity of surrounding tissue. Besides facilitating the movement of lymph and its associated factors, lymphatic vessels are capable of producing tissue-specific responses to changes within their microenvironment. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) secrete paracrine signals that bind to neighboring cell-receptors, commencing an intracellular signaling cascade that preludes modifications to the organ tissue's structure and function. While the lymphangiocrine factors and the molecular and cellular mechanisms themselves are specific to the organ tissue, the crosstalk action between LECs and adjacent cells has been highlighted as a commonality in augmenting tissue regeneration within animal models of cardiac and intestinal disease. Lymphangiocrine secretions have been owed for subsequent improvements in organ function by optimizing the clearance of excess tissue fluid and immune cells and stimulating favorable tissue growth, whereas perturbations in lymphatic performance bring about the opposite. Newly published landmark studies have filled gaps in our understanding of cardiac and intestinal maintenance by revealing key players for lymphangiocrine processes. Here, we will expand upon those findings and review the nature of lymphangiocrine factors in the heart and intestine, emphasizing its involvement within an interconnected network that supports daily homeostasis and self-renewal following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kurup
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Honors College, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Can Tan
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Cunningham KT, Mills KHG. Modulation of haematopoiesis by protozoal and helminth parasites. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12975. [PMID: 36797216 PMCID: PMC10909493 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
During inflammation, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) and periphery rapidly expand and preferentially differentiate into myeloid cells that mediate innate immune responses. HSCs can be directed into quiescence or differentiation by sensing alterations to the haematopoietic niche, including cytokines, chemokines, and pathogen-derived products. Most studies attempting to identify the mechanisms of haematopoiesis have focused on bacterial and viral infections. From intracellular protozoan infections to large multicellular worms, parasites are a global health burden and represent major immunological challenges that remain poorly defined in the context of haematopoiesis. Immune responses to parasites vary drastically, and parasites have developed sophisticated immunomodulatory mechanisms that allow development of chronic infections. Recent advances in imaging, genomic sequencing, and mouse models have shed new light on how parasites induce unique forms of emergency haematopoiesis. In addition, parasites can modify the haematopoiesis in the BM and periphery to improve their survival in the host. Parasites can also induce long-lasting modifications to HSCs, altering future immune responses to infection, inflammation or transplantation, a term sometimes referred to as central trained immunity. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of parasite-induced haematopoiesis and how parasites target this process to promote chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Cunningham
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection and Immunity, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Kingston H. G. Mills
- Immune Regulation Research GroupTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
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10
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Fang F, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Li X, Li G, Jiang Y, Hou X, Song J. Slowed Intestinal Transit Induced by Less Mucus in Intestinal Goblet Cell Piezo1-Deficient Mice through Impaired Epithelial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14377. [PMID: 37762681 PMCID: PMC10531822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus secreted by goblet cells (GCs) may play an important role in intestinal transit function. Our previous study found that Piezo1 protein is essential for GC function; however, the effect of GC Piezo1 on intestinal transit function is unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Piezo1 in GCs on intestinal transit and the potential mechanism. We compared intestinal mucus, fecal form, intestinal transit time, intestinal epithelial cell composition, and stem cell function in WT and GC-specific Piezo1-deficient (Piezo1ΔGC) mice. Our results revealed a correlation between mucus and intestinal transit: the less mucus there was, the slower the intestinal transit. Piezo1 deficiency in GCs led to decreased mucus synthesis and also disrupted the ecological niche of colon stem cells (CSCs). Through organoid culture, we found that the capacity of proliferation and differentiation in Piezo1ΔGC mouse CSCs was significantly decreased, which also led to a reduced source of GCs. Further studies found that the reduced Wnt and Notch signals in colon crypts might be the potential mechanism. These results indicated the importance of GC Piezo1 in intestinal transit function, which acts by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells and mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (X.H.)
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11
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Novoseletskaya ES, Evdokimov PV, Efimenko AY. Extracellular matrix-induced signaling pathways in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:244. [PMID: 37726815 PMCID: PMC10507829 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial component of the stem cell microenvironment, or stem-cell niches, and contributes to the regulation of cell behavior and fate. Accumulating evidence indicates that different types of stem cells possess a large variety of molecules responsible for interactions with the ECM, mediating specific epigenetic rearrangements and corresponding changes in transcriptome profile. Signals from the ECM are crucial at all stages of ontogenesis, including embryonic and postnatal development, as well as tissue renewal and repair. The ECM could regulate stem cell transition from a quiescent state to readiness to perceive the signals of differentiation induction (competence) and the transition between different stages of differentiation (commitment). Currently, to unveil the complex networks of cellular signaling from the ECM, multiple approaches including screening methods, the analysis of the cell matrixome, and the creation of predictive networks of protein-protein interactions based on experimental data are used. In this review, we consider the existing evidence regarded the contribution of ECM-induced intracellular signaling pathways into the regulation of stem cell differentiation focusing on mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as well-studied type of postnatal stem cells totally depended on signals from ECM. Furthermore, we propose a system biology-based approach for the prediction of ECM-mediated signal transduction pathways in target cells. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sergeevna Novoseletskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Dayun New Town, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, 1 International University Park Road, Dayun New Town, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosov Ave., 27/10, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Pavel Vladimirovich Evdokimov
- Materials Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Building 73, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskiye Gory, 1-3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yurievna Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosov Ave., 27/10, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosov Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Markowski AR, Ustymowicz K, Markowska AJ, Romańczyk W, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K. E-Cadherin Expression Varies Depending on the Location within the Primary Tumor and Is Higher in Colorectal Cancer with Lymphoid Follicles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3260. [PMID: 37370870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable indicators of cancer advancement have actively been sought recently. The detection of colorectal cancer progression markers is essential in improving diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of E-cadherin expression in colorectal cancer tissue depending on the TNM staging and its correlation with several clinical and histopathological features. The study included 55 colorectal cancer patients admitted to the surgical ward for elective surgery. Tissue samples were obtained from resected specimens. Different distributions of E-cadherin expression within tumors were observed; the highest percentage of positive E-cadherin expression was found in the invasive front and in the tumor center. Additionally, the different cellular distribution of E-cadherin expression was noticed; weak membranous E-cadherin expression was the highest in the invasive front and in the budding sites, but a strong membranous pattern was most frequent in the tumor center. Various distributions of E-cadherin expression depending on cancer progression were also found; E-cadherin expression in node-positive patients was lower in the tumor center and in the tumor invasive front, whereas, in patients with distant metastases, the expression of E-Cadherin was lower in the budding sites. In patients with higher TNM stages, E-cadherin expression was lower within the tumor (in the budding sites, tumor center, and invasive front). In tumors with lymphoid follicles, E-cadherin expression was higher in all localizations within the primary tumor. E-cadherin expression in the tumor center was also lower in tumors with some higher tumor budding parameters (areas of poorly differentiated components and poorly differentiated clusters). E-cadherin expression was found to be lower at the tumor center in younger individuals, at the budding sites in men, and at the surrounding lymph nodes in rectal tumors. Low E-cadherin expression appears to be a reliable indicator of higher cancer staging and progression. When assessing the advancement of cancer, apart from the TNM classification, it is beneficial to also consider the expression of E-cadherin. High tumor budding, the poverty of lymphoid follicles, and low E-cadherin expression analyzed simultaneously may contribute to a reliable assessment of colorectal cancer staging. These three histopathological features complement each other, and their investigation, together with conventional tumor staging and grading, may be very helpful in predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients and qualifying them for the best treatment. The role of E-cadherin in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, as a part of a personalized medicine strategy, still requires comprehensive, prospective clinical evaluations to precisely target the optimal therapies for the right patients at the right time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Markowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Polish Red Cross Memorial Municipal Hospital, 79 Henryka Sienkiewicza Street, 15-003 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna J Markowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Polish Red Cross Memorial Municipal Hospital, 79 Henryka Sienkiewicza Street, 15-003 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Romańczyk
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 13 Jerzego Waszyngtona Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Guzińska-Ustymowicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 13 Jerzego Waszyngtona Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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13
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Luo Y, Xiao JH. Inflammatory auxo-action in the stem cell division theory of cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15444. [PMID: 37309372 PMCID: PMC10257902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a beneficial response to the changes caused by pathogens or injuries that can eliminate the source of damage and restore homeostasis in damaged tissues. However, chronic inflammation causes malignant transformation and carcinogenic effects of cells through continuous exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. According to the theory of stem cell division, the essential properties of stem cells, including long life span and self-renewal, make them vulnerable to accumulating genetic changes that can lead to cancer. Inflammation drives quiescent stem cells to enter the cell cycle and perform tissue repair functions. However, as cancer likely originates from DNA mutations that accumulate over time via normal stem cell division, inflammation may promote cancer development, even before the stem cells become cancerous. Numerous studies have reported that the mechanisms of inflammation in cancer formation and metastasis are diverse and complex; however, few studies have reviewed how inflammation affects cancer formation from the stem cell source. Based on the stem cell division theory of cancer, this review summarizes how inflammation affects normal stem cells, cancer stem cells, and cancer cells. We conclude that chronic inflammation leads to persistent stem cells activation, which can accumulate DNA damage and ultimately promote cancer. Additionally, inflammation not only facilitates the progression of stem cells into cancer cells, but also plays a positive role in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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14
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Gong J, Nirala NK, Chen J, Wang F, Gu P, Wen Q, Ip YT, Xiang Y. TrpA1 is a shear stress mechanosensing channel regulating intestinal stem cell proliferation in Drosophila. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc9660. [PMID: 37224252 PMCID: PMC10208578 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are essential for tissue maintenance and repair. Although genetic pathways for controlling adult stem cells are extensively investigated in various tissues, much less is known about how mechanosensing could regulate adult stem cells and tissue growth. Here, we demonstrate that shear stress sensing regulates intestine stem cell proliferation and epithelial cell number in adult Drosophila. Ca2+ imaging in ex vivo midguts shows that shear stress, but not other mechanical forces, specifically activates enteroendocrine cells among all epithelial cell types. This activation is mediated by transient receptor potential A1 (TrpA1), a Ca2+-permeable channel expressed in enteroendocrine cells. Furthermore, specific disruption of shear stress, but not chemical, sensitivity of TrpA1 markedly reduces proliferation of intestinal stem cells and midgut cell number. Therefore, we propose that shear stress may act as a natural mechanical stimulation to activate TrpA1 in enteroendocrine cells, which, in turn, regulates intestine stem cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Niraj K. Nirala
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pengyu Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Qi Wen
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Y. Tony Ip
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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15
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Singh A, Poling HM, Chaturvedi P, Thorner K, Sundaram N, Kechele DO, Childs CJ, McCauley HA, Fisher GW, Brown NE, Spence JR, Wells JM, Helmrath MA. Transplanted human intestinal organoids: a resource for modeling human intestinal development. Development 2023; 150:dev201416. [PMID: 37070767 PMCID: PMC10259511 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into human intestinal organoids (HIOs) has served as a powerful means for creating complex three-dimensional intestinal structures. Owing to their diverse cell populations, transplantation into an animal host is supported with this system and allows the temporal formation of fully laminated structures, including crypt-villus architecture and smooth muscle layers that resemble native human intestine. Although the endpoint of HIO engraftment has been well described, here we aim to elucidate the developmental stages of HIO engraftment and establish whether it parallels fetal human intestinal development. We analyzed a time course of transplanted HIOs histologically at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post-transplantation, and demonstrated that HIO maturation closely resembles key stages of fetal human intestinal development. We also utilized single-nuclear RNA sequencing to determine and track the emergence of distinct cell populations over time, and validated our transcriptomic data through in situ protein expression. These observations suggest that transplanted HIOs do indeed recapitulate early intestinal development, solidifying their value as a human intestinal model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaljot Singh
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Holly M. Poling
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Konrad Thorner
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Daniel O. Kechele
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charlie J. Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Heather A. McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Garrett W. Fisher
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nicole E. Brown
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James M. Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael A. Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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16
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Eades W, Liu W, Shen Y, Shi Z, Yan B. Covalent CES2 Inhibitors Protect against Reduced Formation of Intestinal Organoids by the Anticancer Drug Irinotecan. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:CDM-EPUB-128210. [PMID: 36515038 PMCID: PMC10258227 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666221212143904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan is widely used to treat various types of solid and metastatic cancer. It is an ester prodrug and its hydrolytic metabolite (SN-38) exerts potent anticancer activity. Irinotecan is hydrolyzed primarily by carboxylesterase-2 (CES2), a hydrolase abundantly present in the intestine such as the duodenum. We have identified several potent and covalent CES2 inhibi¬tors such as remdesivir and sofosbuvir. Remdesivir is the first small molecule drug approved for COVID-19, whereas sofosbuvir is a paradigm-shift medicine for hepatitis C viral infection. Irinotecan is generally well-tolerated but associated with severe/life-threatening diarrhea due to intestinal accu¬¬mula¬tion of SN-38. OBJECTIVE This study was to test the hypothesis that remdesivir and sofosbuvir protect against irinotecan-induced epithelial injury associated with gastrointestinal toxicity. METHODS To test this hypothesis, formation of organoids derived from mouse duodenal crypts, a robust cellular model for intestinal regeneration, was induced in the presence or absence of irinotecan +/- pretreatment with a CES2 drug inhibitor. RESULTS Irinotecan profoundly inhibited the formation of intestinal organoids and the magnitude of the inhibition was greater with female crypts than their male counterparts. Consistently, crypts from female mice had significantly higher hydrolytic activity toward irinotecan. Critically, remdesivir and sofosbuvir both reduced irinotecan hydrolysis and reversed irinotecan-reduced formation of organoids. Human duodenal samples robustly hydrolyzed irinotecan, stable CES2 transfection induced cytotoxicity and the cytotoxicity was reduced by CES2 drug inhibitor. CONCLUSION These findings establish a therapeutic rationale to reduce irinotecan-gastrointestinal injury and serve as a cellular foundation to develop oral formulations of irinotecan with high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Eades
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - William Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Yue Shen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Zhanquan Shi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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17
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P-Cadherin Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Migration and Mucosal Repair, but Is Dispensable for Colitis Associated Colon Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091467. [PMID: 35563773 PMCID: PMC9100778 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent chronic mucosal inflammation, a characteristic of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), perturbs the intestinal epithelial homeostasis resulting in formation of mucosal wounds and, in most severe cases, leads to colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). The altered structure of epithelial cell-cell adhesions is a hallmark of intestinal inflammation contributing to epithelial injury, repair, and tumorigenesis. P-cadherin is an important adhesion protein, poorly expressed in normal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) but upregulated in inflamed and injured mucosa. The goal of this study was to investigate the roles of P-cadherin in regulating intestinal inflammation and CAC. P-cadherin expression was markedly induced in the colonic epithelium of human IBD patients and CAC tissues. The roles of P-cadherin were investigated in P-cadherin null mice using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and an azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS induced CAC. Although P-cadherin knockout did not affect the severity of acute DSS colitis, P-cadherin null mice exhibited faster recovery after colitis. No significant differences in the number of colonic tumors were observed in P-cadherin null and control mice. Consistently, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of P-cadherin in human IEC accelerated epithelial wound healing without affecting cell proliferation. The accelerated migration of P-cadherin depleted IEC was driven by activation of Src kinases, Rac1 GTPase and myosin II motors and was accompanied by transcriptional reprogramming of the cells. Our findings highlight P-cadherin as a negative regulator of IEC motility in vitro and mucosal repair in vivo. In contrast, this protein is dispensable for IEC proliferation and CAC development.
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18
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Kelly J, Al-Rammahi M, Daly K, Flanagan PK, Urs A, Cohen MC, di Stefano G, Bijvelds MJC, Sheppard DN, de Jonge HR, Seidler UE, Shirazi-Beechey SP. Alterations of mucosa-attached microbiome and epithelial cell numbers in the cystic fibrosis small intestine with implications for intestinal disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6593. [PMID: 35449374 PMCID: PMC9023491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Defective CFTR leads to accumulation of dehydrated viscous mucus within the small intestine, luminal acidification and altered intestinal motility, resulting in blockage. These changes promote gut microbial dysbiosis, adversely influencing the normal proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Using Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing and immunohistochemistry, we assessed changes in mucosa-attached microbiome and epithelial cell profile in the small intestine of CF mice and a CF patient compared to wild-type mice and non-CF humans. We found increased abundance of pro-inflammatory Escherichia and depletion of beneficial secondary bile-acid producing bacteria in the ileal mucosa-attached microbiome of CFTR-null mice. The ileal mucosa in a CF patient was dominated by a non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas species and lacked numerous beneficial anti-inflammatory and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. In the ileum of both CF mice and a CF patient, the number of absorptive enterocytes, Paneth and glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 secreting L-type enteroendocrine cells were decreased, whereas stem and goblet cell numbers were increased. These changes in mucosa-attached microbiome and epithelial cell profile suggest that microbiota-host interactions may contribute to intestinal CF disease development with implications for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Miran Al-Rammahi
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.,Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, 58002, Iraq
| | - Kristian Daly
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Paul K Flanagan
- Arrowe Park University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Wirral, CH49 5PE, UK.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Services, Aintree University Hospital, Lower Lane, Liverpool, Merseyside, L9 7AL, UK
| | - Arun Urs
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - Marta C Cohen
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - Gabriella di Stefano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcel J C Bijvelds
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David N Sheppard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ursula E Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Soraya P Shirazi-Beechey
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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