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Reisman EG, Hawley JA, Hoffman NJ. Exercise-Regulated Mitochondrial and Nuclear Signalling Networks in Skeletal Muscle. Sports Med 2024; 54:1097-1119. [PMID: 38528308 PMCID: PMC11127882 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Exercise perturbs energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle and engages integrated cellular signalling networks to help meet the contraction-induced increases in skeletal muscle energy and oxygen demand. Investigating exercise-associated perturbations in skeletal muscle signalling networks has uncovered novel mechanisms by which exercise stimulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes whole-body health and fitness. While acute exercise regulates a complex network of protein post-translational modifications (e.g. phosphorylation) in skeletal muscle, previous investigations of exercise signalling in human and rodent skeletal muscle have primarily focused on a select group of exercise-regulated protein kinases [i.e. 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] and only a small subset of their respective protein substrates. Recently, global mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic approaches have helped unravel the extensive complexity and interconnection of exercise signalling pathways and kinases beyond this select group and phosphorylation and/or translocation of exercise-regulated mitochondrial and nuclear protein substrates. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular events associated with acute endurance exercise-regulated signalling pathways and kinases in skeletal muscle with a focus on phosphorylation. We critically appraise recent evidence highlighting the involvement of mitochondrial and nuclear protein phosphorylation and/or translocation in skeletal muscle adaptive responses to an acute bout of endurance exercise that ultimately stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and contribute to exercise's wider health and fitness benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Reisman
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Nolan J Hoffman
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Metabolic Modulation of Skeletal Muscle: A Bright but Long Way to Go. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100888. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an atypical, dynamic and reversible O-glycosylation that is critical and abundant in metazoan. O-GlcNAcylation coordinates and receives various signaling inputs such as nutrients and stresses, thus spatiotemporally regulating the activity, stability, localization and interaction of target proteins to participate in cellular physiological functions. Our review discusses in depth the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial biogenesis. The complex interaction and precise modulation of O-GlcNAcylation in these nutritional pathways of skeletal muscle also provide emerging mechanical information on how nutrients affect health, exercise and disease. Meanwhile, we explored the potential role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle pathology and focused on its benefits in maintaining proteostasis under atrophy. In general, these understandings of O-GlcNAcylation are conducive to providing new insights into skeletal muscle (patho) physiology.
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Katz A, Gonen M, Shahar Y, Roichman A, Lerrer B, Cohen HY. Hypothalamus–Muscle Parallel Induction of Metabolic Pathways Following Physical Exercise. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:897005. [PMID: 35928013 PMCID: PMC9344923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.897005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle requires less physical activity and skills during our daily routine, leading to multiple pathologies related to physical disabilities and energy accessibility. Thus, exploring the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation of exercise is crucial. Here, we characterized the effect of forced and voluntary endurance exercises on three key metabolic signaling pathways, sirtuins, AMPK, and mTOR, across several metabolic tissues in mice: brain, muscles, and liver. Both voluntary and forced exercises induced AMPK with higher intensity in the first. The comparison between those metabolic tissues revealed that the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, two brain parts, showed different metabolic signaling activities. Strikingly, despite the major differences in the physiology of muscles and hypothalamic tissues, the hypothalamus replicates the metabolic response of the muscle in response to physical exercise. Specifically, muscles and hypothalamic tissues showed an increase and a decrease in AMPK and mTOR signaling, respectively. Overall, this study reveals new insight into the relation between the hypothalamus and muscles, which enhances the coordination within the muscle–brain axis and potentially improves the systemic response to physical activity performance and delaying health inactivity disorders.
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Jakobsgaard JE, de Paoli F, Vissing K. Protein signaling in response to ex vivo dynamic contractions is independent of training status in rat skeletal muscle. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:919-932. [PMID: 35723680 PMCID: PMC9545705 DOI: 10.1113/ep090446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Are myofibre protein signalling responses to ex vivo dynamic contractions altered by accustomization to voluntary endurance training in rats? What is the main finding and its importance? In response to ex vivo dynamic muscle contractions, canonical myofibre protein signalling pertaining to metabolic transcriptional regulation, as well as translation initiation and elongation, was not influenced by prior accustomization to voluntary endurance training in rats. Accordingly, intrinsic myofibre protein signalling responses to standardized contractile activity may be independent of prior exercise training in rat skeletal muscle.
Abstract Skeletal muscle training status may influence myofibre regulatory protein signalling in response to contractile activity. The current study employed a purpose‐designed ex vivo dynamic contractile protocol to evaluate the effect of exercise‐accustomization on canonical myofibre protein signalling for metabolic gene expression and for translation initiation and elongation. To this end, rats completed 8 weeks of in vivo voluntary running training versus no running control intervention, whereupon an ex vivo endurance‐type dynamic contraction stimulus was conducted in isolated soleus muscle preparations from both intervention groups. Protein signalling response by phosphorylation was evaluated by immunoblotting at 0 and 3 h following ex vivo stimulation. Phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase α‐isoforms and its downstream target, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, as well as phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) was increased immediately following the dynamic contraction protocol (at 0 h). Signalling for translation initiation and elongation was evident at 3 h after dynamic contractile activity, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E‐binding protein 1, as well as a decrease in phosphorylation of eEF2 back to resting control levels. However, prior exercise training did not alter phosphorylation responses of the investigated signalling proteins. Accordingly, protein signalling responses to standardized endurance‐type contractions may be independent of training status in rat muscle during ex vivo conditions. The present findings add to our current understanding of molecular regulatory events responsible for skeletal muscle plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Emil Jakobsgaard
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Frank de Paoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kristian Vissing
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Paramonova II, Vilchinskaya NA, Shenkman BS. HDAC4 Is Indispensable for Reduced Slow Myosin Expression at the Early Stage of Hindlimb Unloading in Rat Soleus Muscle. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111167. [PMID: 34832949 PMCID: PMC8617770 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that reduced contractile activity of the main postural soleus muscle during long-term bedrest, immobilization, hindlimb unloading, and space flight leads to increased expression of fast isoforms and decreased expression of the slow isoform of myosin heavy chain (MyHC). The signaling cascade such as HDAC4/MEF2-D pathway is well-known to take part in regulating MyHC I gene expression. Earlier, we found a significant increase of HDAC4 in myonuclei due to AMPK dephosphorylation during 24 h of hindlimb unloading via hindlimb suspension (HU) and it had a significant impact on the expression of MyHC isoforms in rat soleus causing a decrease in MyHC I(β) pre-mRNA and mRNA expression as well as MyHC IIa mRNA expression. We hypothesized that dephosphorylated HDAC4 translocates into the nuclei and can lead to a reduced expression of slow MyHC. To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were treated with HDAC4 inhibitor (Tasquinimod) for 7 days before HU as well as during 24 h of HU. We discovered that Tasquinimod treatment prevented a decrease in pre-mRNA expression of MyHC I. Furthermore, 24 h of hindlimb suspension resulted in HDAC4 nuclear accumulation of rat soleus but Tasquinimod pretreatment prevented this accumulation. The results of the study indicate that HDAC4 after 24 h of HU had a significant impact on the precursor MyHC I mRNA expression in rat soleus.
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Li YP, Ding JF, Abid HM, Zhang XH, Li SC, Song QZ, Jiang LH, Zhang JT, Wang HB. Oral oligofructose challenge reduces expression of glucose transport-1 and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in lamellar wall of Holstein heifer claw. Res Vet Sci 2021; 141:42-47. [PMID: 34662833 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The laminar tissue of bovine laminitis may undergo energy failure. The expression of glucose transport protein-1 (GLUT-1) and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) affects the energy metabolism of digital laminar tissue. This study aimed to determine the expression of glucose uptake and AMPK in laminar wall corium of Holstein heifer claw by oral administration of oligofructose. A total of twelve clinically healthy Holstein heifers were selected and divided into two groups, including control (CON, n = 6) and experimental (OF, n = 6) groups. The heifers of OF group were given 17 g/kg BW oligofructose dissolved in water (20 mL/kg BW) and the heifers of CON group were given water only (20 mL/kg BW). The laminar tissues were collected after euthanasia. The amount of protein and transcript expression of AMPK and GLUT-1 were determined by western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase (PEPCK), receptor-c coactivator1-α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were determined by qRT-PCR. The heifers of OF group showed no significant change in the expression and concentration of AMPK. The phosphor-(Thr172) AMPK and GLUT-1 were significantly decreased, while the gene contents of PPAR-γ and PGC-1α were significantly increased. The activation of AMPK and GLUT-1 in digital laminar tissues of heifers was inhibited, which may contribute to digital laminar tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Li
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - J F Ding
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - H M Abid
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - X H Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - S C Li
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Q Z Song
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - L H Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - J T Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - H B Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Jin H, Oh HJ, Kim J, Lee KP, Han X, Lee OH, Lee BY. Effects of Ecklonia stolonifera extract on the obesity and skeletal muscle regeneration in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Ibeas K, Herrero L, Mera P, Serra D. Hypothalamus-skeletal muscle crosstalk during exercise and its role in metabolism modulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114640. [PMID: 34087244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major public health problem that contributes to the development of several pathologies such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Regular exercise mitigates the progression of these metabolic problems and contributes positively to memory and behavior. Therefore, public health agencies have incorporated exercise in the treatment of widespread disorders. The hypothalamus, specifically the ventromedial and the arcuate nuclei, responds to exercise activity and modulates energy metabolism through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and catecholamine secretion into the circulation. In addition, physical performance enhances cognitive functions and memory, mediated mostly by an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in brain. During exercise training, skeletal muscle myofibers remodel their biochemical, morphological and physiological state. Moreover, skeletal muscle interacts with other organs by the release into the circulation of myokines, molecules that exhibit autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions. Several studies have focused on the role of skeletal muscle and tissues in response to physical activity. However, how the hypothalamus could influence the skeletal muscle task in the context of exercise is less studied. Here, we review recent data about hypothalamus-skeletal muscle crosstalk in response to physical activity and focus on specific aspects such as the neuroendocrinological effects of exercise and the endocrine functions of skeletal muscle, to provide a perspective for future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ibeas
- Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Mera
- Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Seneviratne A, Cave L, Hyde G, Moestrup SK, Carling D, Mason JC, Haskard DO, Boyle JJ. Metformin directly suppresses atherosclerosis in normoglycaemic mice via haematopoietic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1295-1308. [PMID: 32667970 PMCID: PMC8064441 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerotic vascular disease has an inflammatory pathogenesis. Heme from intraplaque haemorrhage may drive a protective and pro-resolving macrophage M2-like phenotype, Mhem, via AMPK and activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1). The antidiabetic drug metformin may also activate AMPK-dependent signalling. Hypothesis: Metformin systematically induces atheroprotective genes in macrophages via AMPK and ATF1, thereby suppresses atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Normoglycaemic Ldlr-/- hyperlipidaemic mice were treated with oral metformin, which profoundly suppressed atherosclerotic lesion development (P < 5 × 10-11). Bone marrow transplantation from AMPK-deficient mice demonstrated that metformin-related atheroprotection required haematopoietic AMPK [analysis of variance (ANOVA), P < 0.03]. Metformin at a clinically relevant concentration (10 μM) evoked AMPK-dependent and ATF1-dependent increases in Hmox1, Nr1h2 (Lxrb), Abca1, Apoe, Igf1, and Pdgf, increases in several M2-markers and decreases in Nos2, in murine bone marrow macrophages. Similar effects were seen in human blood-derived macrophages, in which metformin-induced protective genes and M2-like genes, suppressible by si-ATF1-mediated knockdown. Microarray analysis comparing metformin with heme in human macrophages indicated that the transcriptomic effects of metformin were related to those of heme, but not identical. Metformin-induced lesional macrophage expression of p-AMPK, p-ATF1, and downstream M2-like protective effects. CONCLUSION Metformin activates a conserved AMPK-ATF1-M2-like pathway in mouse and human macrophages, and results in highly suppressed atherogenesis in hyperlipidaemic mice via haematopoietic AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Cave
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth Hyde
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Carling
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Justin C Mason
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dorian O Haskard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Human Cytomegalovirus Induces the Expression of the AMPKa2 Subunit to Drive Glycolytic Activation and Support Productive Viral Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01321-20. [PMID: 33268515 PMCID: PMC8092818 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01321-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection modulates cellular metabolism to support viral replication. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulate metabolic activation and have been found to be important for successful HCMV infection. Here, we explored the contributions that specific CaMKK isoforms and AMPK subunit isoforms make toward HCMV infection. Our results indicate that various CaMKK and AMPK isoforms contribute to infection in unique ways. For example, CaMKK1 is important for HCMV infection at a low multiplicity of infection, but is dispensable for AMPK activation at the earliest times of infection, which our data suggest is more reliant on CaMKK2. Our results also indicate that HCMV specifically induces the expression of the non-ubiquitous AMPKa2 catalytic subunit, found to be important for both HCMV-mediated glycolytic activation and high titer infection. Further, we find that AMPK-mediated glycolytic activation is important for infection, as overexpression of GLUT4, the high capacity glucose transporter, partially rescues viral replication in the face of AMPK inhibition. Collectively, our data indicate that HCMV infection selectively induces the expression of specific metabolic regulatory kinases, relying on their activity to support glycolytic activation and productive infection.IMPORTANCE Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on the host cell to provide the energy and molecular building blocks to mass produce infectious viral progeny. The processes that govern viral modulation of cellular resources have emerged as critical for successful infection. Here, we find that HCMV depends on two kinase isoforms to support infection, CaMKK1 and AMPKa2. We find that HCMV specifically induces expression of the AMPKa2 subunit to induce metabolic activation and drive robust viral replication. These results suggest that HCMV has evolved mechanisms to target specific metabolic regulatory kinase subunits to support productive infection, thereby providing insight into how HCMV hijacks cellular metabolism for its replication, and sheds light on potential viral therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Miller VJ, LaFountain RA, Barnhart E, Sapper TS, Short J, Arnold WD, Hyde PN, Crabtree CD, Kackley ML, Kraemer WJ, Villamena FA, Volek JS. A ketogenic diet combined with exercise alters mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle while improving metabolic health. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E995-E1007. [PMID: 32985255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00305.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal data indicate that ketogenic diets are associated with improved mitochondrial function, but human data are lacking. We aimed to characterize skeletal muscle mitochondrial changes in response to a ketogenic diet combined with exercise training in healthy individuals. Twenty-nine physically active adults completed a 12-wk supervised exercise program after self-selection into a ketogenic diet (KD, n = 15) group or maintenance of their habitual mixed diet (MD, n = 14). Measures of metabolic health and muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained before and after the intervention. Mitochondria were isolated from muscle and studied after exposure to carbohydrate (pyruvate), fat (palmitoyl-l-carnitine), and ketone (β-hydroxybutyrate+acetoacetate) substrates. Compared with MD, the KD resulted in increased whole body resting fat oxidation (P < 0.001) and decreased fasting insulin (P = 0.019), insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), P = 0.022], and visceral fat (P < 0.001). The KD altered mitochondrial function as evidenced by increases in mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (19%, P = 0.009), ATP production (36%, P = 0.028), and ATP/H2O2 (36%, P = 0.033) with the fat-based substrate. ATP production with the ketone-based substrate was four to eight times lower than with other substrates, indicating minimal oxidation. The KD resulted in a small decrease in muscle glycogen (14%, P = 0.035) and an increase in muscle triglyceride (81%, P = 0.006). These results expand our understanding of human adaptation to a ketogenic diet combined with exercise. In conjunction with weight loss, we observed altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and efficiency, an effect that may contribute to the therapeutic use of ketogenic diets in various clinical conditions, especially those associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Miller
- OSU Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Emily Barnhart
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Teryn S Sapper
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay Short
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - W David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Parker N Hyde
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Madison L Kackley
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeff S Volek
- OSU Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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12
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Shenkman BS. How Postural Muscle Senses Disuse? Early Signs and Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5037. [PMID: 32708817 PMCID: PMC7404025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A mammalian soleus muscle along with other "axial" muscles ensures the stability of the body under the Earth's gravity. In rat experiments with hindlimb suspension, zero-gravity parabolic flights as well as in human dry immersion studies, a dramatic decrease in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the soleus muscle has been repeatedly shown. Most of the motor units of the soleus muscle convert from a state of activity to a state of rest which is longer than under natural conditions. And the state of rest gradually converts to the state of disuse. This review addresses a number of metabolic events that characterize the earliest stage of the cessation of the soleus muscle contractile activity. One to three days of mechanical unloading are accompanied by energy-dependent dephosphorylation of AMPK, accumulation of the reactive oxygen species, as well as accumulation of resting myoplasmic calcium. In this transition period, a rapid rearrangement of the various signaling pathways occurs, which, primarily, results in a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis (primarily via inhibition of ribosomal biogenesis and activation of endogenous inhibitors of mRNA translation, such as GSK3β) and an increase in proteolysis (via upregulation of muscle-specific E3-ubiquitin ligases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Garcia IS, Teixeira SA, Costa KA, Marques DBD, Rodrigues GDA, Costa TC, Guimarães JD, Otto PI, Saraiva A, Ibelli AMG, Cantão ME, de Oliveira HC, Ledur MC, Peixoto JDO, Guimarães SEF. l-Arginine supplementation of gilts during early gestation modulates energy sensitive pathways in pig conceptuses. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:819-834. [PMID: 32592179 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dietary l-arginine (ARG) supplementation has been studied as a nutritional strategy to improve reproductive performance of pregnant sows, since arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid. However, reports addressing the molecular mechanisms that mediate supplementation effects on embryos and fetuses development are still scarce. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 1.0% ARG supplementation of commercial pregnant gilts on genes and proteins from energy metabolism and antioxidant defense pathways in embryos and fetuses. We also analyzed the global transcriptome profile of 25- and 35-day-old conceptuses. At Day 25, we observed a lower abundance of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (phospho-AMPK) protein and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation system genes in ARG embryos. On the other hand, ARG fetuses showed greater expression of MLST8 and lower expression of MTOR genes, in addition to lower abundance of phospho-AMPK and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (phospho-mTOR) proteins. Transcriptome analysis at Day 35 did not present differentially expressed genes. For the antioxidant defense pathway, no differences were found between CON and ARG conceptuses, only trends. In general, supplementation of gilts with 1.0% ARG during early gestation affects energy sensitive pathways in 25- and 35-day conceptuses; however, no effects of supplementation were found on the antioxidative defense pathway in 25-day embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Garcia
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Susana A Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Karine A Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Daniele B D Marques
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís C Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - José D Guimarães
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Pamela I Otto
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Alysson Saraiva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Adriana M G Ibelli
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Embrapa Swine and Poultry Nacional Research Center, Concordia, Brazil
| | - Maurício E Cantão
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Embrapa Swine and Poultry Nacional Research Center, Concordia, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica C Ledur
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Embrapa Swine and Poultry Nacional Research Center, Concordia, Brazil
| | - Jane de O Peixoto
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Embrapa Swine and Poultry Nacional Research Center, Concordia, Brazil
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14
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Simões E Silva LL, Santos de Sousa Fernandes M, Kubrusly MS, Muller CR, Américo ALV, Stefano JT, Evangelista FS, Oliveira CP, Jukemura J. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Protocol on Genes Related to Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in the Pancreas of ob/ob Mice with NAFLD. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:223-234. [PMID: 32606885 PMCID: PMC7310984 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s242393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on insulin resistance and inflammatory response in obese mice (ob/ob) with NAFLD. Materials and Methods Male ob/ob mice were randomly divided into sedentary (n=7) and trained (n=7) groups. Aerobic training consisted of 5 weekly sessions, 60 min per session at 60% of the maximum speed of the running test. Hepatic and pancreatic samples were collected to evaluate histological features and gene expression associated with insulin resistance and inflammatory response after 8-week experiment protocol. RNA was performed by TRIzol®. PCR experiments were performed using the Rotor-Gene RG-3000. Parametric data were assessed by t-test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. Non-parametric data were assessed by the Mann-Whitney tests with Dunn's post-test of multiple comparisons. Histological analysis was assessed by chi-square test with Fisher's exact test. Significant variables were considered when p<0.05. All the analyses were performed by GraphPad Prism V6.0 software (GraphPad Software Inc.). Results Reductions in bodyweight (p = 0.008), weight evolution (p = 0.03), food intake (p <0.0001) and fat content were observed in trained group. Moreover, the trained group showed better results in peak velocity (p=0.03) physical effort tolerance (p=0.006) and distance (p=0.01). Gene expression showed differences in IL-10 (p=0.03) and GLUT-2 (p=0.03) in hepatic analysis, between groups. Pancreatic gene expression showed difference between groups in IRS-2 (p=0.004), GLUT-2 (p=0.03) and IL-10 (p=0.008) analysis. Also, the trained group showed lower values for interlobular fat and inflammatory infiltrate in histological analysis when compared to sedentary animals. Conclusion An 8-week physical training protocol was able to attenuate bodyweight gain, food intake and generate positive effects on gene expression related to insulin resistance and inflammation in both liver and pancreas of ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lucena Simões E Silva
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 07), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 07), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Saldanha Kubrusly
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose Tadeu Stefano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 07), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Pinto Oliveira
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 07), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Jukemura
- Division of Digestive Surgery - Department of Gastroenterology, São Paulo State Cancer Institute - HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Shim YS, Lee S, Park HW, Park SR. Sestrin2 Mediates IL-4-induced IgE Class Switching by Enhancing Germline ε Transcription in B Cells. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e19. [PMID: 32395371 PMCID: PMC7192835 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 (Sesn2), a metabolic regulator, accumulates in response to a diverse array of cellular stresses. Sesn2 regulates cellular metabolism by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Recently, researchers reported that Sesn2 regulates the differentiation and function of innate immune cells and T cells; however, the role of Sesn2 in B cells is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Sesn2 in Ig class switching and Ig production in mouse B cells. We observed that mouse B cells express Sesn2 mRNA. Interestingly, the expression of germline ε transcripts (GLTε) was selectively decreased in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Sesn2−/− splenocytes. Overexpression of Sesn2 increased GLTε promoter activity in B cells. In addition, AICAR (an activator of AMPK) selectively increased IL-4-induced GLTε expression and surface IgE (sIgE) expression in splenocytes. Furthermore, AICAR selectively enhanced IL-4-induced GLTε expression, sIgE expression, and IgE production by anti-CD40-stimulated B cells. We observed that ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE concentration was reduced in OVA-challenged Sesn2−/− mice. Taken together, these results indicate that Sesn2-AMPK signaling selectively enhances IL-4-induced IgE class switching and IgE production by B cells, suggesting that this could be a therapeutic strategy targeting Sesn2 in IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sun Shim
- Department of Microbiology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Solji Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
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16
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Emamgholipour S, Ebrahimi R, Bahiraee A, Niazpour F, Meshkani R. Acetylation and insulin resistance: a focus on metabolic and mitogenic cascades of insulin signaling. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020:1-19. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1699498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahiraee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farshad Niazpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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18
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McGee SL, Hargreaves M. Epigenetics and Exercise. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:636-645. [PMID: 31279665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics can be defined as 'the structural adaptation of chromosomal regions so as to register, signal, or perpetuate altered activity states.' Increased transcription of key regulatory, metabolic, and myogenic genes is an early response to exercise and is important in mediating subsequent adaptations in skeletal muscle. DNA hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation are emerging as important crucial events for increased transcription. The complex interactions between multiple epigenetic modifications and their regulation by metabolic changes and signaling events during exercise, with implications for enhanced understanding of the acute and chronic adaptations to exercise, are questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L McGee
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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19
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Son BK, Eto M, Oura M, Ishida Y, Taniguchi S, Ito K, Umeda-Kameyama Y, Kojima T, Akishita M. Low-Intensity Exercise Suppresses CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein δ/Myostatin Pathway Through Androgen Receptor in Muscle Cells. Gerontology 2019; 65:397-406. [PMID: 31096217 DOI: 10.1159/000499826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen production following exercise has been suggested to contribute anabolic actions of muscle. However, the underlying mechanisms of the androgen receptor (AR) in androgen's action are still unclear. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we examined androgen/AR-mediated action in exercise, especially for the suppression of myostatin, a potent negative regulator of muscle mass. METHODS To examine the effects of exercise, we employed low-intensity exercise in mice and electric pulse stimulation (EPS) in C2C12 myotubes. Androgen production by C2C12 myotubes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To block the action of AR, we pretreated C2C12 myotubes with flutamide. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of proteolytic genes including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPδ), myostatin and muscle E3 ubiquitin ligases, as well as myogenic genes such as myogenin and PGC1α. The activation of 5'-adenosine-activated protein kinase and STAT3 was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Both mRNA and protein levels of AR significantly increased in skeletal muscle of low-intensity exercised mice and C2C12 myotubes exposed to EPS. Production of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone from EPS-treated C2C12 myotubes was markedly increased. Of interest, we found that myostatin was clearly inhibited by EPS, and its inhibition was significantly abrogated when AR was blocked by flutamide. To test how AR suppresses myostatin, we examined the effects of EPS on C/EBPδ because the promoter region of myostatin has several C/EBP recognition sites. C/EBPδ expression was decreased by EPS, and this decrease was negated by flutamide. IL-6 and phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression, the downstream pathway of myostatin, were decreased by EPS and this was also reversed by flutamide. Similar downregulation of C/EBPδ, myostatin, and IL-6 was seen in skeletal muscle of low-intensity exercised mice. CONCLUSIONS Muscle AR expression and androgen production were increased by exercise and EPS treatment. As a mechanistical insight, it is suggested that AR inhibited myostatin expression transcriptionally by C/EBPδ suppression, which negatively influences IL-6/pSTAT3 expression and consequently contributes to the prevention of muscle proteolysis during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Son
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, .,Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Masato Eto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miya Oura
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishida
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Taniguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Umeda-Kameyama
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kojima
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Muise ES, Guan HP, Liu J, Nawrocki AR, Yang X, Wang C, Rodríguez CG, Zhou D, Gorski JN, Kurtz MM, Feng D, Leavitt KJ, Wei L, Wilkening RR, Apgar JM, Xu S, Lu K, Feng W, Li Y, He H, Previs SF, Shen X, van Heek M, Souza SC, Rosenbach MJ, Biftu T, Erion MD, Kelley DE, Kemp DM, Myers RW, Sebhat IK. Pharmacological AMPK activation induces transcriptional responses congruent to exercise in skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose tissues and liver. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211568. [PMID: 30811418 PMCID: PMC6392219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity promotes metabolic and cardiovascular health benefits that derive in part from the transcriptional responses to exercise that occur within skeletal muscle and other organs. There is interest in discovering a pharmacologic exercise mimetic that could imbue wellness and alleviate disease burden. However, the molecular physiology by which exercise signals the transcriptional response is highly complex, making it challenging to identify a single target for pharmacological mimicry. The current studies evaluated the transcriptome responses in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and white and brown adipose to novel small molecule activators of AMPK (pan-activators for all AMPK isoforms) compared to that of exercise. A striking level of congruence between exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation was observed across the induced transcriptome of these five tissues. However, differences in acute metabolic response between exercise and pharmacologic AMPK activation were observed, notably for acute glycogen balances and related to the energy expenditure induced by exercise but not pharmacologic AMPK activation. Nevertheless, intervention with repeated daily administration of short-acting activation of AMPK was found to mitigate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in four rodent models of metabolic disease and without the cardiac glycogen accretion noted with sustained pharmacologic AMPK activation. These findings affirm that activation of AMPK is a key node governing exercise mediated transcription and is an attractive target as an exercise mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Muise
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ESM); (IKS)
| | - Hong-Ping Guan
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jinqi Liu
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Andrea R. Nawrocki
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Chuanlin Wang
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Carlos G. Rodríguez
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Dan Zhou
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Judith N. Gorski
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Marc M. Kurtz
- In Vitro PharmacologyDepartment, MRL, NJ, United States of America
| | - Danqing Feng
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Leavitt
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Lan Wei
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Wilkening
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - James M. Apgar
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Shiyao Xu
- PPDM Preclinical ADME Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ku Lu
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Wen Feng
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ying Li
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Huaibing He
- PPDM Preclinical ADME Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Stephen F. Previs
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Xiaolan Shen
- SALAR Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Margaret van Heek
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Sandra C. Souza
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Rosenbach
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Tesfaye Biftu
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Erion
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - David E. Kelley
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Kemp
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Myers
- In Vitro PharmacologyDepartment, MRL, NJ, United States of America
| | - Iyassu K. Sebhat
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ESM); (IKS)
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21
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Groennebaek T, Jespersen NR, Jakobsgaard JE, Sieljacks P, Wang J, Rindom E, Musci RV, Bøtker HE, Hamilton KL, Miller BF, de Paoli FV, Vissing K. Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis and Respiration Increase With Low-Load Blood Flow Restricted as Well as High-Load Resistance Training. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1796. [PMID: 30618808 PMCID: PMC6304675 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: It is well established that high-load resistance exercise (HLRE) can stimulate myofibrillar accretion. Additionally, recent studies suggest that HLRE can also stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function. However, in several clinical situations, the use of resistance exercise with high loading may not constitute a viable approach. Low-load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) has emerged as a time-effective low-load alternative to stimulate myofibrillar accretion. It is unknown if BFRRE can also stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function. If so, BFRRE could provide a feasible strategy to stimulate muscle metabolic health. Methods: To study this, 34 healthy previously untrained individuals (24 ± 3 years) participated in BFRRE, HLRE, or non-exercise control intervention (CON) 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected; (1) before and after the 6-week intervention period to assess mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function and; (2) during recovery from single-bout exercise to assess myocellular signaling events involved in transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. During the 6-week intervention period, deuterium oxide (D2O) was continuously administered to the participants to label newly synthesized skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteins. Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed in permeabilized muscle fibers with high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondrial content was assessed with a citrate synthase activity assay. Myocellular signaling was assessed with immunoblotting. Results: Mitochondrial protein synthesis rate was higher with BFRRE (1.19%/day) and HLRE (1.15%/day) compared to CON (0.92%/day) (P < 0.05) but similar between exercise groups. Mitochondrial respiratory function increased to similar degree with both exercise regimens and did not change with CON. For instance, coupled respiration supported by convergent electron flow from complex I and II increased 38% with BFRRE and 24% with HLRE (P < 0.01). Training did not alter citrate synthase activity compared to CON. BFRRE and HLRE elicited similar myocellular signaling responses. Conclusion: These results support recent findings that resistance exercise can stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function to support healthy skeletal muscle and whole-body metabolism. Intriquingly, BFRRE produces similar mitochondrial adaptations at a markedly lower load, which entail great clinical perspective for populations in whom exercise with high loading is untenable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Groennebaek
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Sieljacks
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Wang
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Rindom
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | | | - Kristian Vissing
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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Vilchinskaya NA, Krivoi II, Shenkman BS. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase as a Key Trigger for the Disuse-Induced Skeletal Muscle Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113558. [PMID: 30424476 PMCID: PMC6274864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that trigger disuse-induced postural muscle atrophy as well as myosin phenotype transformations are poorly studied. This review will summarize the impact of 5′ adenosine monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity on mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-signaling, nuclear-cytoplasmic traffic of class IIa histone deacetylases (HDAC), and myosin heavy chain gene expression in mammalian postural muscles (mainly, soleus muscle) under disuse conditions, i.e., withdrawal of weight-bearing from ankle extensors. Based on the current literature and the authors’ own experimental data, the present review points out that AMPK plays a key role in the regulation of signaling pathways that determine metabolic, structural, and functional alternations in skeletal muscle fibers under disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor I Krivoi
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow 123007, Russia.
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23
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Amin S, Lux A, O'Callaghan F. The journey of metformin from glycaemic control to mTOR inhibition and the suppression of tumour growth. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 85:37-46. [PMID: 30290005 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the effect of metformin on human health is increasing. In addition to its ability to improve the control of hyperglycaemia, metformin has been shown to reduce the burden o,f ageing via effects on damaged DNA and the process of apoptosis. Studies have shown that metformin may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease through influences on body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels and the progression of atherosclerosis. Studies also suggest that metformin may be beneficial for neuro-psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment and in reducing the risk of dementia, erectile dysfunction and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that metformin has anti-cancer properties, and population studies have suggested that metformin may reduce the risk of cancer or improve cancer prognosis. It is thought that it exerts its anti-cancer effect through the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. Because of its effect on the mTOR pathway, there may be a role for metformin in slowing or reversing growth of life-threatening hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Amin
- Paediatric Neurologist, University Hospitals Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street Centre Level 6, Bristol, BS28AE, UK
| | - Andrew Lux
- Paediatric Neurologist, University Hospitals Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street Centre Level 6, Bristol, BS28AE, UK
| | - Finbar O'Callaghan
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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24
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Gnimassou O, Fernández-Verdejo R, Brook M, Naslain D, Balan E, Sayda M, Cegielski J, Nielens H, Decottignies A, Demoulin JB, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Francaux M, Deldicque L. Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2018; 32:5272-5284. [PMID: 29672220 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800049rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that a single session of resistance exercise performed in moderate hypoxic (FiO2: 14%) environmental conditions would potentiate the anabolic response during the recovery period spent in normoxia. Twenty subjects performed a 1-leg knee extension session in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Muscle biopsies were taken 15 min and 4 h after exercise in the vastus lateralis of the exercised and the nonexercised legs. Blood and saliva samples were taken at regular intervals before, during, and after the exercise session. The muscle fractional-protein synthetic rate was determined by deuterium incorporation into proteins, and the protein-degradation rate was determined by methylhistidine release from skeletal muscle. We found that: 1) hypoxia blunted the activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise; 2) hypoxia down-regulated the transcriptional program of autophagy; 3) hypoxia regulated the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism at rest and the genes involved in myoblast differentiation and fusion and in muscle contraction machinery after exercise; and 4) the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway was not activated at the time points studied. Contrary to our hypothesis, environmental hypoxia did not potentiate the short-term anabolic response after resistance exercise, but it initiated transcriptional regulations that could potentially translate into satellite cell incorporation and higher force production in the long term.-Gnimassou, O., Fernández-Verdejo, R., Brook, M., Naslain, D., Balan, E., Sayda, M., Cegielski, J., Nielens, H., Decottignies, A., Demoulin, J.-B., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., Fancaux, M., Deldicque, L. Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olouyomi Gnimassou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matthew Brook
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Damien Naslain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Estelle Balan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mariwan Sayda
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Cegielski
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Henri Nielens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | - Kenneth Smith
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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25
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Cerda‐Kohler H, Henríquez‐Olguín C, Casas M, Jensen TE, Llanos P, Jaimovich E. Lactate administration activates the ERK1/2, mTORC1, and AMPK pathways differentially according to skeletal muscle type in mouse. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13800. [PMID: 30230254 PMCID: PMC6144450 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is described as an endocrine organ, constitutively or intermittently secreting bioactive molecules. The signaling pathways by which these molecules mediate changes in skeletal muscle and regulate interorgan crosstalk are only partly understood. Lactate is widely described as a signaling molecule in different cells, but the role of lactate as a signaling molecule in mature skeletal muscle has not been fully unveiled. The aim of this study was to determine the role of lactate on activation of signaling pathways in adult mouse skeletal muscle. Male mice were injected intraperitoneally with lactate or saline, and tissues were dissected after 40 min. Phosphorylation levels of relevant proteins in muscle were assessed by Western blotting. After lactate administration, we found an increase in p-ERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204 (3.5-fold; P = 0.004) and p-p70S6KThr389 (1.9-fold; P = 0.01) in quadriceps; and an increase in p-rpS6Ser235/236 in both quadriceps (6.3-fold; P = 0.01) and EDL (2.3-fold; P = 0.01), without changes in soleus. There was a tendency toward an increase in p-AMPKThr172 (1.7-fold; P = 0.08), with a significant increase in p-ACCSer79 (1.5-fold; P = 0.04) in soleus, without changes in quadriceps and EDL. These results support the hypothesis that lactate plays a role in the molecular signaling related to hypertrophy and to oxidative metabolism on adult skeletal muscle and suggest that this activation depends on the skeletal muscle type. The mechanisms that underlie the effect of lactate in mature skeletal muscles remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cerda‐Kohler
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Exercise, Metabolism and CancerICBMUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Laboratory of Exercise ScienceClínica MEDSSantiagoChile
| | - Carlos Henríquez‐Olguín
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Exercise, Metabolism and CancerICBMUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Laboratory of Exercise ScienceClínica MEDSSantiagoChile
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsMolecular Physiology GroupFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mariana Casas
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Exercise, Metabolism and CancerICBMUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Physiology and Biophysics ProgramICBMFaculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Thomas E. Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsMolecular Physiology GroupFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Paola Llanos
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Exercise, Metabolism and CancerICBMUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Institute for Research in Dental SciencesFacultad de OdontologíaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Exercise, Metabolism and CancerICBMUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
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26
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Ohsawa I, Konno R, Masuzawa R, Kawano F. Amount of daily exercise is an essential stimulation to alter the epigenome of skeletal muscle in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1097-1104. [PMID: 30070609 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00074.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term running training causes epigenetic changes in the skeletal muscles. Here we tested the effects of the total amount or duration of running training on the distribution of histones in the rat plantaris muscle. Post-weaned young rats were assigned to 3 different training groups: Run-1, 30 min/day running exercise for 8 wk using an animal treadmill at 24 m/min; Run-2, 15 min/day for 8 wk; and Run-3, 60 min/day for 4 wk. Citrate synthase activity was not significantly changed by running training, although the slight increase was observed in Run-3. Genes that were previously defined as showing the typical responses to running training were targeted to measure the distribution of histones using chromatin immunoprecipitation. The distribution of acetylated histone 3 was elevated in Run-2 and Run-3, but not in Run-1. Incorporation of H3.3 into the nucleosome was stimulated in Run-1, whereas H3.3 distribution was unchanged in Run-2 or downregulated in Run-3. Significant downregulation of H3.3 expression was also detected in Run-3. We further checked the responses of the target genes during acute running. Target genes were transcriptionally activated and histone acetylation was stimulated at the loci in response to acute running. These results suggested that the exchange of the histone component to H3.3 was stimulated by running training, inhibiting the accumulation of acetylated histones in Run-1. Additionally, it was further suggested that the enhanced daily amount of running caused changes in the H3.3 expression, affecting the rate of the histone exchange in Run-3. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chromatin remodeling in the skeletal muscle is a potent mechanism preventing disuse atrophy in later life that can be acquired via long-term exercise training. Here we demonstrated in rats that daily exercise amount is a key factor in the development of epigenetic changes in the skeletal muscle. To acquire a health benefit, our research suggests the importance of considering the time endurance for daily exercise bouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Ohsawa
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health and Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto City, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Konno
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health and Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto City, Japan
| | - Ryo Masuzawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto City, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health and Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto City, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto City, Japan
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27
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AMPK activation negatively regulates GDAP1, which influences metabolic processes and circadian gene expression in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2018; 16:12-23. [PMID: 30093355 PMCID: PMC6157647 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to identify AMPK-regulated genes via bioinformatic analysis of microarray data generated from skeletal muscle of animal models with genetically altered AMPK activity. We hypothesized that such genes would play a role in metabolism. Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1), a gene which plays a role in mitochondrial fission and peroxisomal function in neuronal cells but whose function in skeletal muscle is undescribed, was identified and further validated. AMPK activation reduced GDAP1 expression in skeletal muscle. GDAP1 expression was elevated in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patients but decreased after acute exercise. Methods The metabolic impact of GDAP1 silencing was determined in primary skeletal muscle cells via siRNA-transfections. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize whether silencing GDAP1 impacted mitochondrial network morphology and membrane potential. Results GDAP1 silencing increased mitochondrial protein abundance, decreased palmitate oxidation, and decreased non-mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondrial morphology was unaltered by GDAP1 silencing. GDAP1 silencing and treatment of cells with AMPK agonists altered several genes in the core molecular clock machinery. Conclusion We describe a role for GDAP1 in regulating mitochondrial proteins, circadian genes, and metabolic flux in skeletal muscle. Collectively, our results implicate GDAP1 in the circadian control of metabolism. Transcriptomic studies reveal GDAP1 mRNA is inversely associated with AMPK activity. GDAP1 silencing increases mitochondrial protein abundance in skeletal muscle. GDAP1 silencing influences expression of core molecular clock machinery. GDAP1 is a AMPK target involved in metabolism and circadian gene expression.
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28
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Chhipa RR, Fan Q, Anderson J, Muraleedharan R, Huang Y, Ciraolo G, Chen X, Waclaw R, Chow LM, Khuchua Z, Kofron M, Weirauch MT, Kendler A, McPherson C, Ratner N, Nakano I, Dasgupta N, Komurov K, Dasgupta B. AMP kinase promotes glioblastoma bioenergetics and tumour growth. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:823-835. [PMID: 29915361 PMCID: PMC6113057 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress is integral to tumour evolution, and cancer cell survival depends on stress management. We found that cancer-associated stress chronically activates the bioenergetic sensor AMP kinase (AMPK) and, to survive, tumour cells hijack an AMPK-regulated stress response pathway conserved in normal cells. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed that AMPK isoforms are highly expressed in the lethal human cancer glioblastoma (GBM). We show that AMPK inhibition reduces viability of patient-derived GBM stem cells (GSCs) and tumours. In stressed (exercised) skeletal muscle, AMPK is activated to cooperate with CREB1 (cAMP response element binding protein-1) and promote glucose metabolism. We demonstrate that oncogenic stress chronically activates AMPK in GSCs that coopt the AMPK-CREB1 pathway to coordinate tumour bioenergetics through the transcription factors HIF1α and GABPA. Finally, we show that adult mice tolerate systemic deletion of AMPK, supporting the use of AMPK pharmacological inhibitors in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Raj Chhipa
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Qiang Fan
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jane Anderson
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Yan Huang
- Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Georgianne Ciraolo
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Division of Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology and Biomedical Informatics and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Waclaw
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lionel M Chow
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zaza Khuchua
- Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Sechenov University, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Division of Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology and Biomedical Informatics and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christopher McPherson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute and Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nupur Dasgupta
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Biplab Dasgupta
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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29
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Dial AG, Ng SY, Manta A, Ljubicic V. The Role of AMPK in Neuromuscular Biology and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:300-312. [PMID: 29572064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a primary regulator of cellular metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that AMPK also mediates the maintenance and plasticity of α-motoneurons, the neuromuscular junction, and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, AMPK stimulation by either genetic, pharmacological, or physiological approaches elicits beneficial phenotypic remodeling in neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Here, we review the role of AMPK as a governor of neuromuscular biology, and present evidence for AMPK as an effective molecular target for therapeutic pursuit in the context of the most prevalent NMDs, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. This information may be useful for engineering AMPK-targeted pharmacological- or lifestyle-based strategies to treat disorders of the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athan G Dial
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Y Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Manta
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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30
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Tobias IS, Lazauskas KK, Arevalo JA, Bagley JR, Brown LE, Galpin AJ. Fiber type-specific analysis of AMPK isoforms in human skeletal muscle: advancement in methods via capillary nanoimmunoassay. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:840-849. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00894.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous mixture of multiple fiber types (FT). Unfortunately, present methods for FT-specific study are constrained by limits of protein detection in single-fiber samples. These limitations beget compensatory resource-intensive procedures, ultimately dissuading investigators from pursuing FT-specific research. Additionally, previous studies neglected hybrid FT, confining their analyses to only pure FT. Here we present novel methods of protein detection across a wider spectrum of human skeletal muscle FT using fully automated capillary nanoimmunoassay (CNIA) technology. CNIA allowed a ~20-fold-lower limit of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) detection compared with Western blotting. We then performed FT-specific assessment of AMPK expression as a proof of concept. Individual human muscle fibers were mechanically isolated, dissolved, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) fiber typed via SDS-PAGE. Single-fiber samples were combined in pairs and grouped into MHC I, MHC I/IIa, MHC IIa, and MHC IIa/IIx for expression analysis of AMPK isoforms α1, α2, β1, β2, γ2, and γ3 with a tubulin loading control. Significant FT-specific differences were found for α2 (1.7-fold higher in MHC IIa and MHC IIa/IIx vs. others), γ2 (2.5-fold higher in MHC IIa vs. others), and γ3 (2-fold higher in MHC IIa and 4-fold higher in MHC IIa/IIx vs. others). Development of a protocol that combines the efficient and sensitive CNIA technology with comprehensive SDS-PAGE fiber typing marks an important advancement in FT-specific research because it allows more precise study of the molecular mechanisms governing metabolism, adaptation, and regulation in human muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate the viability of applying capillary nanoimmunoassay technology to the study of fiber type-specific protein analysis in human muscle fibers. This novel technique enables a ~20-fold-lower limit of protein detection compared with traditional Western blotting methods. Combined with SDS-PAGE methods of fiber typing, we apply this technique to compare 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase isoform expression in myosin heavy chain (MHC) I, MHC I/IIa, MHC IIa, and MHC IIa/IIx fiber types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene S. Tobias
- Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California
| | - Kara K. Lazauskas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California
| | - Jose A. Arevalo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California
| | - James R. Bagley
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Lee E. Brown
- Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California
| | - Andrew J. Galpin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California
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31
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Viollet B. The Energy Sensor AMPK: Adaptations to Exercise, Nutritional and Hormonal Signals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72790-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Sending the Signal: Muscle Glycogen Availability as a Regulator of Training Adaptation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72790-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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33
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Enhanced skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis, yet attenuated mTORC1 and ribosome biogenesis-related signalling, following short-term concurrent versus single-mode resistance training. Sci Rep 2018; 8:560. [PMID: 29330460 PMCID: PMC5766515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining endurance training with resistance training (RT) may attenuate skeletal muscle hypertrophic adaptation versus RT alone; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated changes in markers of ribosome biogenesis, a process linked with skeletal muscle hypertrophy, following concurrent training versus RT alone. Twenty-three males underwent eight weeks of RT, either performed alone (RT group, n = 8), or combined with either high-intensity interval training (HIT+RT group, n = 8), or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT+RT group, n = 7). Muscle samples (vastus lateralis) were obtained before training, and immediately before, 1 h and 3 h after the final training session. Training-induced changes in basal expression of the 45S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor (45S pre-rRNA), and 5.8S and 28S mature rRNAs, were greater with concurrent training versus RT. However, during the final training session, RT further increased both mTORC1 (p70S6K1 and rps6 phosphorylation) and 45S pre-rRNA transcription-related signalling (TIF-1A and UBF phosphorylation) versus concurrent training. These data suggest that when performed in a training-accustomed state, RT induces further increases mTORC1 and ribosome biogenesis-related signalling in human skeletal muscle versus concurrent training; however, changes in ribosome biogenesis markers were more favourable following a period of short-term concurrent training versus RT performed alone.
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34
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Kjøbsted R, Hingst JR, Fentz J, Foretz M, Sanz MN, Pehmøller C, Shum M, Marette A, Mounier R, Treebak JT, Wojtaszewski JFP, Viollet B, Lantier L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:1741-1777. [PMID: 29242278 PMCID: PMC5945561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700442r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions. AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning anabolic and catabolic pathways. AMPK’s role as an energy sensor is particularly critical in tissues displaying highly changeable energy turnover. Due to the drastic changes in energy demand that occur between the resting and exercising state, skeletal muscle is one such tissue. Here, we review the complex regulation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and its consequences on metabolism (e.g., substrate uptake, oxidation, and storage as well as mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle fibers). We focus on the role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery. We also address adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of AMPK as a therapeutic target as well as different AMPK activators and their potential for future drug development.—Kjøbsted, R., Hingst, J. R., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Sanz, M.-N., Pehmøller, C., Shum, M., Marette, A., Mounier, R., Treebak, J. T., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Viollet, B., Lantier, L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Nieves Sanz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Shum
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM Unité 1217, CNRS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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35
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Reijnders D, Goossens GH, Hermes GD, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG, Blaak EE. Short-Term Microbiota Manipulation and Forearm Substrate Metabolism in Obese Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Obes Facts 2018; 11:318-326. [PMID: 30089301 PMCID: PMC6189533 DOI: 10.1159/000492114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of gut microbiota manipulation on fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle metabolism in humans. METHODS 40 obese, insulin-resistant males were randomized to amoxicillin (broad-spectrum antibiotic), vancomycin (narrow-spectrum antibiotic), or placebo (7 days, 1,500 mg/day). Before and after treatment, forearm blood flow and metabolite fluxes across forearm muscle were measured under fasting and postprandial (high-fat mixed-meal) conditions. RESULTS Vancomycin decreased bacterial diversity, reduced the abundance of Gram-positive Firmicutes, and increased the abundance of Gram-negative Proteobacteria, whereas amoxicillin did not affect microbial composition. Neither vancomycin nor amoxicillin treatment affected fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), triacylglycerol (TAG), glycerol, lactate, and insulin concentrations or forearm blood flow. Fasting and postprandial net forearm muscle glucose uptake and the release of lactate were not significantly altered by antibiotic treatment as compared to placebo. Finally, antibiotic treatment did not change fasting and postprandial glycerol, FFA, and TAG fluxes across forearm muscle. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that short-term antibiotic treatment has no effects on fasting and postprandial forearm substrate metabolism and blood flow in obese men with impaired glucose metabolism. These data suggest that short-term strategies targeting the gut microbiota to improve metabolic health may not be effective in obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Reijnders
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H. Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben D.A. Hermes
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G. Zoetendal
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- *Prof. Dr. Ellen E. Blaak, Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands,
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Vilchinskaya NA, Mochalova EP, Nemirovskaya TL, Mirzoev TM, Turtikova OV, Shenkman BS. Rapid decline in MyHC I(β) mRNA expression in rat soleus during hindlimb unloading is associated with AMPK dephosphorylation. J Physiol 2017; 595:7123-7134. [PMID: 28975644 DOI: 10.1113/jp275184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Inactivation of a skeletal muscle results in slow to fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC) shift. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can be implicated in the regulation of genes encoding the slow MyHC isoform. Here we report that AMPK dephosphorylation after 24 h of mechanical unloading can contribute to histone deacetylase (HDAC) nuclear translocation; activation of AMPK prevents HDAC4 nuclear accumulation after 24 h of unloading and AMPK dephosphorylation inhibits slow MyHC expression following 24 h of unloading. Our data indicate that AMPK dephosphorylation during the first 24 h of mechanical unloading has a significant impact on the expression of MyHC isoforms in rat soleus causing a decrease in MyHC I(β) pre-mRNA and mRNA expression as well as MyHC IIa mRNA expression. ABSTRACT One of the key events that occurs during skeletal muscle inactivation is a change in myosin phenotype, i.e. increased expression of fast isoforms and decreased expression of the slow isoform of myosin heavy chain (MyHC). It is known that calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can regulate the expression of genes encoding MyHC slow isoform. Earlier, we found a significant decrease in phosphorylated AMPK in rat soleus after 24 h of hindlimb unloading (HU). We hypothesized that a decrease in AMPK phosphorylation and subsequent histone deacetylase (HDAC) nuclear translocation can be one of the triggering events leading to a reduced expression of slow MyHC. To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were treated with AMPK activator (AICAR) for 6 days before HU as well as during 24 h of HU. We discovered that AICAR treatment prevented a decrease in pre-mRNA and mRNA expression of MyHC I as well as MyHC IIa mRNA expression. Twenty-four hours of hindlimb suspension resulted in HDAC4 accumulation in the nuclei of rat soleus but AICAR pretreatment prevented this accumulation. The results of the study indicate that AMPK dephosphorylation after 24 h of HU had a significant impact on the MyHC I and MyHC IIa mRNA expression in rat soleus. AMPK dephosphorylation also contributed to HDAC4 translocation to the nuclei of soleus muscle fibres, suggesting an important role of HDAC4 as an epigenetic regulator in the process of myosin phenotype transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatiana L Nemirovskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur M Mirzoev
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Turtikova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Niu Y, Wang T, Liu S, Yuan H, Li H, Fu L. Exercise-induced GLUT4 transcription via inactivation of HDAC4/5 in mouse skeletal muscle in an AMPKα2-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2372-2381. [PMID: 28688716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism induces various metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise improved glucose uptake and enhanced glucose oxidation by increasing GLUT4 transcription in skeletal muscle. However, the regulatory mechanisms of GLUT4 transcription in response to exercise are poorly understood. AMPK is a sensor of exercise and upstream kinase of class II HDACs that act as transcriptional repressors. We used 6-week treadmill exercise or one single-bout exercise wild type or AMPKα2-/- C57BL/6J mice to explore how HDACs regulate GLUT4 transcription and the underlying molecular mechanisms mediated by AMPK in the physiologic process of exercise. We demonstrate that regular physical exercise significantly enhanced GLUT4 transcription by inactivating HDAC4/5 in skeletal muscle by ChIP experiment. HDAC4 coordinately regulated with HDAC5 represses transcriptional activity of GLUT4 promoter in C2C12 myotubes by Luciferase assay. If either HDAC4 or HDAC5 is silenced via RNAi technology, the functional compensation by the other will occur. In addition, a single-bout of exercise decreased HDAC4/5 activity in skeletal muscle of wild type but not in AMPKα2-/- mice, suggesting an AMPKα2-dependent manner. Those findings provide new insight into the mechanisms responsible for AMPKα2-dependent regulation of GLUT4 transcription after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hairui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Le NH, Kim CS, Tu TH, Kim BS, Park T, Park JHY, Goto T, Kawada T, Ha TY, Yu R. Absence of 4-1BB reduces obesity-induced atrophic response in skeletal muscle. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2017; 14:9. [PMID: 28503098 PMCID: PMC5425966 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced inflammation causes skeletal muscle atrophy accompanied by disruption of oxidative metabolism and is implicated in metabolic complications such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We previously reported that 4-1BB, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, participated in obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation. Here, we show that the absence of 4-1BB in obese mice fed a high-fat diet led to a decrease in expression of atrophic factors (MuRF1 and Atrogin-1) with suppression of NF-κB activity, and that this was accompanied by increases in mitochondrial oxidative metabolic genes/proteins (e.g., PGC-1α, CPT1β, etc.) expression and oxidative muscle fibers marker genes/proteins in the skeletal muscle. These findings suggest that 4-1BB-mediated inflammatory signaling could be a potential target for combating obesity-related muscle atrophy and metabolic derangement in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Hoan Le
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610 South Korea
| | - Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610 South Korea
| | - Thai Hien Tu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610 South Korea
| | - Byung-Sam Kim
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610 South Korea
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252 South Korea
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Research Group of Nutrition and Metabolic System, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, 13539 South Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610 South Korea
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Granata C, Oliveira RSF, Little JP, Renner K, Bishop DJ. Sprint-interval but not continuous exercise increases PGC-1α protein content and p53 phosphorylation in nuclear fractions of human skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44227. [PMID: 28281651 PMCID: PMC5345041 DOI: 10.1038/srep44227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprint interval training has been reported to induce similar or greater mitochondrial adaptations to continuous training. However, there is limited knowledge about the effects of different exercise types on the early molecular events regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, we compared the effects of continuous and sprint interval exercise on key regulatory proteins linked to mitochondrial biogenesis in subcellular fractions of human skeletal muscle. Nineteen men, performed either 24 min of moderate-intensity continuous cycling at 63% of WPeak (CE), or 4 × 30-s “all-out” cycling sprints (SIE). Muscle samples (vastus lateralis) were collected pre-, immediately (+0 h) and 3 (+3 h) hours post-exercise. Nuclear p53 and PHF20 protein content increased at +0 h, with no difference between groups. Nuclear p53 phosphorylation and PGC-1α protein content increased at +0 h after SIE, but not CE. We demonstrate an exercise-induced increase in nuclear p53 protein content, an event that may relate to greater p53 stability - as also suggested by increased PHF20 protein content. Increased nuclear p53 phosphorylation and PGC-1α protein content immediately following SIE but not CE suggests these may represent important early molecular events in the exercise-induced response to exercise, and that SIE is a time-efficient and possibly superior option than CE to promote these adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Granata
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodrigo S F Oliveira
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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40
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Pesta DH, Goncalves RLS, Madiraju AK, Strasser B, Sparks LM. Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: working toward a prescription for the future. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:24. [PMID: 28270856 PMCID: PMC5335813 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing, and effective strategies to manage and prevent this disease are urgently needed. Resistance training (RT) promotes health benefits through increased skeletal muscle mass and qualitative adaptations, such as enhanced glucose transport and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In particular, mitochondrial adaptations triggered by RT provide evidence for this type of exercise as a feasible lifestyle recommendation to combat T2D, a disease typically characterized by altered muscle mitochondrial function. Recently, the synergistic and antagonistic effects of combined training and Metformin use have come into question and warrant more in-depth prospective investigations. In the future, clinical intervention studies should elucidate the mechanisms driving RT-mitigated mitochondrial adaptations in muscle and their link to improvements in glycemic control, cholesterol metabolism and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik H Pesta
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Renata L S Goncalves
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Anila K Madiraju
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 E. Princeton Street, Orlando, FL 32804 USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease, Orlando, FL USA
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41
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Vilchinskaya NA, Mochalova EP, Belova SP, Shenkman BS. Dephosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in a postural muscle: A key signaling event on the first day of functional unloading. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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42
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Yuan H, Wang T, Niu Y, Liu X, Fu L. AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated expression of heat shock protein beta 1 enhanced insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle. FEBS Lett 2016; 591:97-108. [PMID: 27928820 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been viewed as an important target for the treatment of insulin resistance. Here, by proteomic analysis, we found that expression of heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) was induced by the AMP analog 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant cells. Overexpression of AMPKα2, or activation of AMPKα via acute/chronic exercise training, increased HSPB1 expression in the skeletal muscle. In AMPKα2-/- mice, HSPB1 expression was downregulated in the quadriceps muscles. Exercise did not increase HSPB1 expression in AMPKα2-/- mice. Moreover, overexpression of HSPB1 enhanced insulin sensitivity in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant cells and restored metabolic phenotypes associated with defective AMPK. Finally, HSPB1 was required for AMPK-mediated activation of the class IIa histone deacetylases and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle. Our results demonstrate that AMPK-mediated HSPB1 expression enhanced insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China
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Skovgaard C, Brandt N, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J. Combined speed endurance and endurance exercise amplify the exercise-induced PGC-1α and PDK4 mRNA response in trained human muscle. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/14/e12864. [PMID: 27456910 PMCID: PMC4962071 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA response related to mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, and myogenesis in trained human skeletal muscle to speed endurance exercise (S), endurance exercise (E), and speed endurance followed by endurance exercise (S + E). Seventeen trained male subjects (maximum oxygen uptake (VO2-max): 57.2 ± 3.7 (mean ± SD) mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)) performed S (6 × 30 sec all-out), E (60 min ~60% VO2-max), and S + E on a cycle ergometer on separate occasions. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and 1, 2, and 3 h after the speed endurance exercise (S and S + E) and at rest, 0, 1, and 2 h after exercise in E In S and S + E, muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. Muscle PGC-1α and PDK4 mRNA levels were higher (P < 0.05) after exercise in S + E than in S and E, and higher (P < 0.05) in S than in E after exercise. In S and S + E, muscle vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was higher (P < 0.05) 1 (S only), 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. In S + E, muscle regulatory factor-4 and muscle heme oxygenase-1 mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) 1, 2, and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. In S, muscle hexokinase II mRNA was higher (P < 0.05) 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest and higher (P < 0.05) than in E after exercise. These findings suggest that in trained subjects, speed endurance exercise provides a stimulus for muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate regulation, and angiogenesis that is not evident with endurance exercise. These responses are reinforced when speed endurance exercise is followed by endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Skovgaard
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Team Danmark (Danish elite sports institution), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Brandt
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hafner P, Bonati U, Rubino D, Gocheva V, Zumbrunn T, Gueven N, Fischer D. Treatment with L-citrulline and metformin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: study protocol for a single-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:389. [PMID: 27488051 PMCID: PMC4973063 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease that affects 1 in 3500–6000 male births. Despite broad research aiming to improve muscle function as well as heart and brain function, sufficient therapeutic efficacy has not yet been achieved and current therapeutic management is still supportive. In a recent pilot trial, oral treatment with l-arginine and metformin showed consistent changes of muscular metabolism both in vitro and in vivo by raising NO levels and expression of mitochondrial proteins in the skeletal muscle tissue of patients with DMD. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aims to demonstrate the superiority of l-citrulline and metformin therapy over placebo in DMD patients with regard to the Motor Function Measure (MFM) D1 subscore (primary endpoint) as well as additional clinical and subclinical tests. Methods/Design A total of 40–50 ambulant patients with DMD will be recruited at the outpatient department of the University of Basel Children’s Hospital (Switzerland), as well as from the DMD patient registries of Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Patients will be randomly allocated to one of the two arms of the study and will receive either a combination of l-citrulline and metformin or placebo for 26 weeks. Co-medication with glucocorticoids is allowed. The primary endpoint is the change of the MFM D1 subscore from baseline to week 26 under l-citrulline and metformin therapy. Secondary endpoints will include the motor function measure (MFM) and its items and subscores, the 6-minute walking test, timed function tests and quantitative muscle testing. Furthermore, quantitative muscle MRI assessment to evaluate the muscle fat fraction as well as safety and biomarker laboratory analyses from blood will be included. For comparison, muscle metabolism and mitochondrial function will be analysed in 10–20 healthy age-matched male children. Discussion The aim of this study is to test if a 6-month treatment of a combination of l-citrulline and metformin is more effective than placebo in preventing loss of motor function and muscle degeneration in DMD. The MFM D1 subscore is used as a clinical outcome measure and a quantitative muscle MRI assessment as the surrogate outcome measure of fatty muscle degeneration. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01995032. Registered on 20 November 2013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1503-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hafner
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. .,Division of Neurology, Medical University Clinic, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland. .,Division of Neuropaediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Spitalstrasse 33, Postfach, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrike Bonati
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Rubino
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanya Gocheva
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zumbrunn
- Department of Clinical research, Clinical Trial Unit, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nuri Gueven
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Neurology, Medical University Clinic, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. AMPK/Snf1 signaling regulates histone acetylation: Impact on gene expression and epigenetic functions. Cell Signal 2016; 28:887-95. [PMID: 27010499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its yeast homolog, Snf1, are critical regulators in the maintenance of energy metabolic balance not only stimulating energy production but also inhibiting energy-consuming processes. The AMPK/Snf1 signaling controls energy metabolism by specific phosphorylation of many metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, enhancing or suppressing their functions. The AMPK/Snf1 complexes can be translocated from cytoplasm into nuclei where they are involved in the regulation of transcription. Recent studies have indicated that AMPK/Snf1 activation can control histone acetylation through different mechanisms affecting not only gene transcription but also many other epigenetic functions. For instance, AMPK/Snf1 enzymes can phosphorylate the histone H3S10 (yeast) and H2BS36 (mammalian) sites which activate specific histone acetyltransferases (HAT), consequently enhancing histone acetylation. Moreover, nuclear AMPK can phosphorylate type 2A histone deacetylases (HDAC), e.g. HDAC4 and HDAC5, triggering their export from nuclei thus promoting histone acetylation reactions. AMPK activation can also increase the level of acetyl CoA, e.g. by inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol syntheses. Acetyl CoA is a substrate for HATs, thus increasing their capacity for histone acetylation. On the other hand, AMPK can stimulate the activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) which increases the level of NAD(+). NAD(+) is a substrate for nuclear sirtuins, especially for SIRT1 and SIRT6, which deacetylate histones and transcription factors, e.g. those regulating ribosome synthesis and circadian clocks. Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic modification which subsequently can affect chromatin remodeling, e.g. via bromodomain proteins. We will review the signaling mechanisms of AMPK/Snf1 in the control of histone acetylation and subsequently clarify their role in the epigenetic regulation of ribosome synthesis and circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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46
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Hafner P, Bonati U, Erne B, Schmid M, Rubino D, Pohlman U, Peters T, Rutz E, Frank S, Neuhaus C, Deuster S, Gloor M, Bieri O, Fischmann A, Sinnreich M, Gueven N, Fischer D. Improved Muscle Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy through L-Arginine and Metformin: An Investigator-Initiated, Open-Label, Single-Center, Proof-Of-Concept-Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147634. [PMID: 26799743 PMCID: PMC4723144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered neuronal nitric oxide synthase function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy leads to impaired mitochondrial function which is thought to be one cause of muscle damage in this disease. The study tested if increased intramuscular nitric oxide concentration can improve mitochondrial energy metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a novel therapeutic approach through the combination of L-arginine with metformin. Five ambulatory, genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients aged between 7–10 years were treated with L-arginine (3 x 2.5 g/d) and metformin (2 x 250 mg/d) for 16 weeks. Treatment effects were assessed using mitochondrial protein expression analysis in muscular biopsies, indirect calorimetry, Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, quantitative thigh muscle MRI, and clinical scores of muscle performance. There were no serious side effects and no patient dropped out. Muscle biopsy results showed pre-treatment a significantly reduced mitochondrial protein expression and increased oxidative stress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients compared to controls. Post-treatment a significant elevation of proteins of the mitochondrial electron transport chain was observed as well as a reduction in oxidative stress. Treatment also decreased resting energy expenditure rates and energy substrate use shifted from carbohydrates to fatty acids. These changes were associated with improved clinical scores. In conclusion pharmacological stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway leads to improved mitochondria function and clinically a slowing of disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study shall lead to further development of this novel therapeutic approach into a real alternative for Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hafner
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Bonati
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Erne
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Schmid
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Rubino
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Pohlman
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peters
- Interdisciplinary Center of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, St. Claraspital, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Rutz
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Neuhaus
- Therapy Department, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Deuster
- Hospital Pharmacy, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Gloor
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Physics, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Physics, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne Fischmann
- Division of Neuroradiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nuri Gueven
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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47
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Chen T, Moore TM, Ebbert MTW, McVey NL, Madsen SR, Hallowell DM, Harris AM, Char RE, Mackay RP, Hancock CR, Hansen JM, Kauwe JS, Thomson DM. Liver kinase B1 inhibits the expression of inflammation-related genes postcontraction in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:876-88. [PMID: 26796753 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00727.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle-specific liver kinase B1 (LKB1) knockout mice (skmLKB1-KO) exhibit elevated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling after treadmill running. MAPK activation is also associated with inflammation-related signaling in skeletal muscle. Since exercise can induce muscle damage, and inflammation is a response triggered by damaged tissue, we therefore hypothesized that LKB1 plays an important role in dampening the inflammatory response to muscle contraction, and that this may be due in part to increased susceptibility to muscle damage with contractions in LKB1-deficient muscle. Here we studied the inflammatory response and muscle damage with in situ muscle contraction or downhill running. After in situ muscle contractions, the phosphorylation of both NF-κB and STAT3 was increased more in skmLKB1-KO vs. wild-type (WT) muscles. Analysis of gene expression via microarray and RT-PCR shows that expression of many inflammation-related genes increased after contraction only in skmLKB1-KO muscles. This was associated with mild skeletal muscle fiber membrane damage in skmLKB1-KO muscles. Gene markers of oxidative stress were also elevated in skmLKB1-KO muscles after contraction. Using the downhill running model, we observed significantly more muscle damage after running in skmLKB1-KO mice, and this was associated with greater phosphorylation of both Jnk and STAT3 and increased expression of SOCS3 and Fos. In conclusion, we have shown that the lack of LKB1 in skeletal muscle leads to an increased inflammatory state in skeletal muscle that is exacerbated by muscle contraction. Increased susceptibility of the muscle to damage may underlie part of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Mark T W Ebbert
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Natalie L McVey
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Steven R Madsen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - David M Hallowell
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Alexander M Harris
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Robin E Char
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ryan P Mackay
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Chad R Hancock
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - John S Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - David M Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah;
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48
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Abstract
The past 25 years have witnessed major advances in our knowledge of how exercise activates cellular, molecular, and biochemical pathways with regulatory roles in training response adaptation, and how muscle "cross-talk" with other organs is a mechanism by which physical activity exerts its beneficial effects on "whole-body" health. However, during the late 19(th) and early 20(th) centuries, scientific debate in the field of exercise metabolism centered on questions related to the sources of energy for muscular activity, diet-exercise manipulations to alter patterns of fuel utilization, as well as the factors limiting physical work capacity. Posing novel scientific questions and utilizing cutting-edge techniques, the contributions made by the great pioneers of the 19(th) and early 20(th) centuries laid the foundation on which much of our present knowledge of exercise metabolism is based and paved the way for future discoveries in the field.
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49
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Mounier R, Théret M, Lantier L, Foretz M, Viollet B. Expanding roles for AMPK in skeletal muscle plasticity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:275-86. [PMID: 25818360 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable plasticity and responds to environmental and physiological challenges by changing its phenotype in terms of size, composition, and metabolic properties. Muscle fibers rapidly adapt to drastic changes in energy demands during exercise through fine-tuning of the balance between catabolic and anabolic processes. One major sensor of energy demand in exercising muscle is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent advances have shed new light on the relevance of AMPK both as a multitask gatekeeper and as an energy regulator in skeletal muscle. Here we summarize recent findings on the function of AMPK in skeletal muscle adaptation to contraction and highlight its role in the regulation of energy metabolism and the control of skeletal muscle regeneration post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Mounier
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, UMR CNRS 5534, Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marine Théret
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, UMR CNRS 5534, Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.
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50
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Pugh JK, Faulkner SH, Jackson AP, King JA, Nimmo MA. Acute molecular responses to concurrent resistance and high-intensity interval exercise in untrained skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12364. [PMID: 25902785 PMCID: PMC4425969 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent training involving resistance and endurance exercise may augment the benefits of single-mode training for the purpose of improving health. However, muscle adaptations, associated with resistance exercise, may be blunted by a subsequent bout of endurance exercise, via molecular interference. High-intensity interval training (HIIT), generating similar adaptations to endurance exercise, may offer an alternative exercise mode to traditional endurance exercise. This study examined the influence of an acute HIIT session on the molecular responses following resistance exercise in untrained skeletal muscle. Ten male participants performed resistance exercise (4 × 8 leg extensions, 70% 1RM, (RE)) or RE followed by HIIT (10 × 1 min at 90% HRmax, (RE+HIIT)). Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis before, 2 and 6 h post-RE to determine intramuscular protein phosphorylation and mRNA responses. Phosphorylation of Akt (Ser(473)) decreased at 6 h in both trials (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of mTOR (Ser(2448)) was higher in RE+HIIT (P < 0.05). All PGC-1α mRNA variants increased at 2 h in RE+HIIT with PGC-1α and PGC-1α-ex1b remaining elevated at 6 h, whereas RE-induced increases at 2 and 6 h for PGC-1α-ex1b only (P < 0.05). Myostatin expression decreased at 2 and 6 h in both trials (P < 0.05). MuRF-1 was elevated in RE+HIIT versus RE at 2 and 6 h (P < 0.05). Atrogin-1 was lower at 2 h, with FOXO3A downregulated at 6 h (P < 0.05). These data do not support the existence of an acute interference effect on protein signaling and mRNA expression, and suggest that HIIT may be an alternative to endurance exercise when performed after resistance exercise in the same training session to optimize adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K Pugh
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Steve H Faulkner
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - James A King
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Myra A Nimmo
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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