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Erlandsson L, Ohlsson L, Masoumi Z, Rehnström M, Cronqvist T, Edvinsson L, Hansson SR. Preliminary evidence that blocking the uptake of placenta-derived preeclamptic extracellular vesicles protects the vascular endothelium and prevents vasoconstriction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18425. [PMID: 37891193 PMCID: PMC10611745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy syndrome characterized by hypertension and organ damage manifesting after 20 gestational weeks. The etiology is of multifactorial origin, where placental stress causes increased levels of placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) in the maternal circulation, shown to cause inflammation, endothelial activation, vasoconstriction, and anti-angiogenic activity. General endothelial dysfunction is believed to be initiated by endothelial insult during pregnancy that alters vascular function resulting in increased arterial stiffness, cardiac dysfunction, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. We compared the effect of normal and PE derived STBEVs in vitro on vascular contractility of human subcutaneous arteries using wire myography. Cellular structures of exposed vessels were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. We explored strategies to pharmacologically block the effects of the STBEVs on human vessels. The PE STBEVs caused significantly stronger angiotensin II-mediated contractions and extended structural damage to human subcutaneous arteries compared to normal STBEVs. These negative effects could be reduced by blocking vesicle uptake by endothelial cells, using chlorpromazine or specific antibodies towards the LOX-1 receptor. The therapeutic potential of blocking vesicle uptake should be further explored, to reduce the permanent damage caused on the vasculature during PE pregnancy to prevent future cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Erlandsson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC C14, Klinikgatan 28, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lena Ohlsson
- Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC C14, Klinikgatan 28, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mimmi Rehnström
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC C14, Klinikgatan 28, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tina Cronqvist
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC C14, Klinikgatan 28, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC C14, Klinikgatan 28, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Gutiérrez A, Gómez Del Val A, Contreras C, Olmos L, Sánchez A, Prieto D. Calcium handling coupled to the endothelin ET A and ET B receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in resistance arteries: Differential regulation by PI3K, PKC and RhoK. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175948. [PMID: 37541372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal endothelin-1 (ET-1) activity is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as essential and pulmonary arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease, blockade of ET receptors having shown efficacy in clinical assays and experimental models of hypertension. Augmented Ca2+ influx and changes in Ca2+ sensitization associated with arterial vasoconstriction underlie increased systemic vascular resistance in hypertension. Since peripheral resistance arteries play a key role in blood pressure regulation, we aimed to determine here the specific Ca2+ signaling mechanisms linked to the ET receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in resistance arteries and their selective regulation by protein kinase C (PKC), Rho kinase (RhoK), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). ET-1-induced contraction was mediated by the endothelin ETA receptor with a minor contribution of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) endothelin ETB receptors. ET receptor activation elicited Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores, extracellular Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ sensitization associated with contraction in resistance arteries. Vasoconstriction induced by ET-1 was largely dependent on activation of canonical transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) and extracellular Ca2+ influx through nifedipine-sensitive voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. PI3K inhibition reduced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+ entry without altering vasoconstriction elicited by ET-1, while PKC has dual opposite actions by enhancing Ca2+ influx associated with contraction, and by inhibiting Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. RhoK was a major determinant of the enhanced sensitivity of the contractile filaments underlying ET-1 vasoconstriction, with also a modulatory positive action on Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release. Augmented RhoK and PKC activities are involved in vascular dysfunction in hypertension and vascular complications of insulin-resistant states, and these kinases are thus potential pharmacological targets in vascular diseases in which the ET pathway is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gómez Del Val
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Olmos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Kawai K, Ishise H, Kubo T, Larson B, Fujiwara T, Nishimoto S, Kakibuchi M. Stretching Promotes Wound Contraction Through Enhanced Expression of Endothelin Receptor B and TRPC3 in Fibroblasts. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e4954. [PMID: 37113309 PMCID: PMC10129113 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
One factor that can contribute to the development of hypertrophic scar contracture is mechanical stress. Mechanical cyclic stretch stimuli enhance the secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) from keratinocyte. Cyclical stretching of fibroblasts also increases the expression level of the transient receptor potential ion channel (TRPC3), which is known to couple with the endothelin receptor and induce intracellular Ca2+ signaling via the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between keratinocytes and fibroblasts when they are stretched. Methods The conditioned medium from stretched keratinocyte was added to the fibroblast populated collagen lattice. Then, we analyzed the levels of endothelin receptor in the human hypertrophic scar tissue and stretched fibroblasts. To address the function of TRPC3, we have used an overexpression system with the collagen lattice. Finally, the TRPC3 overexpressing fibroblasts were transplanted to mouse dorsal skin, and the rate of skin wound contraction was assessed. Results Conditioned medium from stretched keratinocytes increased the rate of contraction of fibroblast populated collagen lattice. In human hypertrophic scar and stretched fibroblasts, endothelin receptor type B was increased. Cyclic stretching of TRPC3 overexpressing fibroblasts activated NFATc4, and stretched human fibroblasts showed more activation of NFATc4 in response to ET-1. The wound treated with TRPC3 overexpressing fibroblasts showed more contraction than control wound. Conclusion These findings suggest that cyclical stretching of wounds have an effect on both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, where keratinocytes secret more ET-1, and fibroblasts develop more sensitivity to ET-1 by expressing more endothelin receptors and TRPC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kawai
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishise
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tateki Kubo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Barrett Larson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Toshihiro Fujiwara
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Soh Nishimoto
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masao Kakibuchi
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Michinaga S, Hishinuma S, Koyama Y. Roles of Astrocytic Endothelin ET B Receptor in Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050719. [PMID: 36899860 PMCID: PMC10000579 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an intracranial injury caused by accidents, falls, or sports. The production of endothelins (ETs) is increased in the injured brain. ET receptors are classified into distinct types, including ETA receptor (ETA-R) and ETB receptor (ETB-R). ETB-R is highly expressed in reactive astrocytes and upregulated by TBI. Activation of astrocytic ETB-R promotes conversion to reactive astrocytes and the production of astrocyte-derived bioactive factors, including vascular permeability regulators and cytokines, which cause blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, brain edema, and neuroinflammation in the acute phase of TBI. ETB-R antagonists alleviate BBB disruption and brain edema in animal models of TBI. The activation of astrocytic ETB receptors also enhances the production of various neurotrophic factors. These astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factors promote the repair of the damaged nervous system in the recovery phase of patients with TBI. Thus, astrocytic ETB-R is expected to be a promising drug target for TBI in both the acute and recovery phases. This article reviews recent observations on the role of astrocytic ETB receptors in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Michinaga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hishinuma
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kita Higashinada, Kobe 668-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-441-7572
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Pandey S, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Mangmool S, Parichatikanond W. High Glucose-Induced Cardiomyocyte Damage Involves Interplay between Endothelin ET-1/ET A/ET B Receptor and mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13816. [PMID: 36430296 PMCID: PMC9699386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Impairments of endothelin-1 (ET-1) signaling and mTOR pathway have been implicated in diabetic cardiomyopathies. However, the molecular interplay between the ET-1 and mTOR pathway under high glucose (HG) conditions in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts has not been investigated. We employed MTT assay, qPCR, western blotting, fluorescence assays, and confocal microscopy to assess the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage under hyperglycemic conditions in H9c2 cells. Our results showed that HG-induced cellular stress leads to a significant decline in cell survival and an impairment in the activation of ETA-R/ETB-R and the mTOR main components, Raptor and Rictor. These changes induced by HG were accompanied by a reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increase and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss. In addition, the fragmentation of mitochondria and a decrease in mitochondrial size were observed. However, the inhibition of either ETA-R alone by ambrisentan or ETA-R/ETB-R by bosentan or the partial blockage of the mTOR function by silencing Raptor or Rictor counteracted those adverse effects on the cellular function. Altogether, our findings prove that ET-1 signaling under HG conditions leads to a significant mitochondrial dysfunction involving contributions from the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Warisara Parichatikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing (BSHA), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Anti-inflammatory effects of endothelin receptor blockade in left atrial tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2022; 42:101088. [PMID: 35879971 PMCID: PMC9307454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Serov D, Tankanag A, Astashev M. Low-frequency oscillations of murine skin microcirculations and periodic changes of [Ca 2+ ] i and [NO] i levels in murine endotheliocytes: An effect of provocative tests. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:427-442. [PMID: 34882893 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The five frequency intervals of skin blood oscillation were described: cardiac, respiratory, myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelial. The endothelial interval is derived into NO-independent and NO-dependent. The exact molecular, cell, or systemic mechanisms of endothelial oscillations generation are unclear. We proposed that oscillations of Ca2+ and NO in endotheliocytes may be possible sources of skin blood perfusion (SBP) oscillations in endothelial interval. To examine our hypothesis we compared the oscillations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and NO ([Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i ) concentration in cultured murine microvascular endotheliocytes and SBP oscillations in mice. Local heating test and model hypoxia were used as tools to evaluate an interconnection of studied parameters. [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i were measured simultaneously by Fura-2 AM and DAF-FM. The SBP was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. The [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations at 0.005-0.01 Hz were observed in endotheliocytes, that coincides the ranges of NO-independent endothelial interval. Heating decreased amplitude of [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations in cells in NO-independent endothelial interval, while amplitudes of SBP oscillations increased in NO-independent and NO-dependent intervals. Hypoxia reduced the [NO]i oscillations amplitude. Heating test during hypoxia increased NO-independent endothelial SBP oscillations and decreased myogenic ones, did not effect on [NO]i oscillations, and shifted [Ca2+ ]i oscillations peak from 0.005-0.01 Hz to 0.01-0.018 Hz. We observed the [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations synchronization within a cell and between cells for the first time. Heating abolished these synchronizations. Therefore low-frequency [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations in endotheliocytes may be considered as modulators of low-frequency endothelial SBP oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Serov
- Institute of Cell Biophisics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Biophotonics Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina Tankanag
- Institute of Cell Biophisics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Maksim Astashev
- Institute of Cell Biophisics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Biophotonics Center, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Influence of Trace Elements on Neurodegenerative Diseases of The Eye-The Glaucoma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094323. [PMID: 33919241 PMCID: PMC8122456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of chronic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a relatively selective, progressive damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, which leads to axon loss and visual field alterations. To date, many studies have shown the role of various elements, mainly metals, in maintaining the balance of prooxidative and antioxidative processes, regulation of fluid and ion flow through cell membranes of the ocular tissues. Based on the earlier and current research results, their relationship with the development and progression of glaucoma seems obvious and is increasingly appreciated. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence on the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis and prevention of glaucomatous diseases. Special attention is also paid to the genetic background associated with glaucoma-related abnormalities of physiological processes that regulate or involve the ions of elements considered as trace elements necessary for the functioning of the cells.
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Ott C, Jung T, Brix S, John C, Betz IR, Foryst-Ludwig A, Deubel S, Kuebler WM, Grune T, Kintscher U, Grune J. Hypertrophy-Reduced Autophagy Causes Cardiac Dysfunction by Directly Impacting Cardiomyocyte Contractility. Cells 2021; 10:805. [PMID: 33916597 PMCID: PMC8065800 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction are leading causes in hypertrophy-associated heart failure (HF), increasing with a population's rising age. A hallmark of aged and diseased hearts is the accumulation of modified proteins caused by an impaired autophagy-lysosomal-pathway. Although, autophagy inducer rapamycin has been described to exert cardioprotective effects, it remains to be shown whether these effects can be attributed to improved cardiomyocyte autophagy and contractility. In vivo hypertrophy was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), with mice receiving daily rapamycin injections beginning six weeks after surgery for four weeks. Echocardiographic analysis demonstrated TAC-induced HF and protein analyses showed abundance of modified proteins in TAC-hearts after 10 weeks, both reduced by rapamycin. In vitro, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was mimicked by endothelin 1 (ET-1) and autophagy manipulated by silencing Atg5 in neonatal cardiomyocytes. ET-1 and siAtg5 decreased Atg5-Atg12 and LC3-II, increased natriuretic peptides, and decreased amplitude and early phase of contraction in cardiomyocytes, the latter two evaluated using ImageJ macro Myocyter recently developed by us. ET-1 further decreased cell contractility in control but not in siAtg5 cells. In conclusion, ET-1 decreased autophagy and cardiomyocyte contractility, in line with siAtg5-treated cells and the results of TAC-mice demonstrating a crucial role for autophagy in cardiomyocyte contractility and cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Ott
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Sarah Brix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathleen John
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Iris R. Betz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Deubel
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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10
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Potentiation of P2X3 receptor mediated currents by endothelin-1 in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology 2020; 181:108356. [PMID: 33069757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), an endogenous vasoconstrictor, has been known as a pro-nociceptive agent involved in multitude of pain. ET-1 acts on endothelin receptors on vascular endothelial cells, sensitizes release of ATP, which then acts on P2X3 receptors on nociceptors and results in mechanical hyperalgesia. Both endothelin receptors and P2X3 receptors are present in primary sensory neuron, where it remains unclear whether there is an interaction between them. Herein, we reported that ET-1 potentiated the electrophysiological activity of P2X3 receptors in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. ET-1 concentration-dependently increased α,β-methylene-ATP (α,β-meATP)-evoked inward currents, which were mediated by P2X3 receptors. ET-1 shifted the α,β-meATP concentration-response curve upwards, with an increase of 34.38 ± 4.72% in the maximal current response to α,β-meATP in the presence of ET-1. ET-1 potentiation of α,β-meATP-evoked currents was voltage-independent. ET-1 potentiated P2X3 receptor-mediated currents through endothelin-A receptors (ETAR), but not endothelin-B receptors (ETBR). ET-1 potentiation was supressed by blockade of intracellular G-protein or protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. Moreover, there is a synergistic effect on mechanical allodynia induced by intraplantar injection of ET-1 and α,β-meATP in rats. Pharmacological blockade of P2X3 receptors also alleviated ET-1-induced mechanical allodynia. These results suggested that ET-1 sensitized P2X3 receptors in primary sensory neurons via an ETAR and PKC signaling pathway. Our data provide evidence that cutaneous ET-1 induced mechanical allodynia not only by increasing the release of ATP from vascular endothelial cells, but also by sensitizing P2X3 receptors on nociceptive DRG neurons.
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Garcia SM, Herbert LM, Walker BR, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Coupling of store-operated calcium entry to vasoconstriction is acid-sensing ion channel 1a dependent in pulmonary but not mesenteric arteries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236288. [PMID: 32702049 PMCID: PMC7377459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) are a major Ca2+ entry pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), several other Ca2+-influx mechanisms exist and play important roles in vasoreactivity. One of these is store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), mediated by an interaction between STIM1 and Orai1. Although SOCE is an important mechanism of Ca2+ influx in non-excitable cells (cells that lack VGCC); there is debate regarding the contribution of SOCE to regulate VSMC contractility and the molecular components involved. Our previous data suggest acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is a necessary component of SOCE and vasoconstriction in small pulmonary arteries. However, it is unclear if ASIC1a similarly contributes to SOCE and vascular reactivity in systemic arteries. Considering the established role of Orai1 in mediating SOCE in the systemic circulation, we hypothesize the involvement of ASIC1a in SOCE and resultant vasoconstriction is unique to the pulmonary circulation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the roles of Orai1 and ASIC1a in SOCE- and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced vasoconstriction in small pulmonary and mesenteric arteries. We found SOCE is coupled to vasoconstriction in pulmonary arteries but not mesenteric arteries. In pulmonary arteries, inhibition of ASIC1a but not Orai1 attenuated SOCE- and ET-1-induced vasoconstriction. However, neither inhibition of ASIC1a nor Orai1 altered ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in mesenteric arteries. We conclude that SOCE plays an important role in pulmonary, but not mesenteric, vascular reactivity. Furthermore, in contrast to the established role of Orai1 in SOCE in non-excitable cells, the SOCE response in pulmonary VSMCs is largely mediated by ASIC1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina M. Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M. Herbert
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Benjimen R. Walker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Brewster LM, Garcia VP, Levy MV, Stockelman KA, Goulding A, DeSouza NM, Greiner JJ, Hijmans JG, DeSouza CA. Endothelin-1-induced endothelial microvesicles impair endothelial cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1497-1505. [PMID: 32324474 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00816.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1)-generated endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with ET-1 for 24 h. EMVs released into the supernatant from cells treated with ET-1 or vehicle were isolated and quantified. EMV release was higher (P < 0.05) in cells treated with ET-1 compared with control (95 ± 15 vs. 54 ± 5 EMV/µL). Fresh HUVECs were then treated with either ET-1, ET-1-induced EMVs, or control EMVs for 24 h. ET-1-generated EMVs induced significantly higher release of IL-6 (181.0 ± 16.0 vs. 132.1 ± 8.1 pg/mL) and IL-8 (303.4 ± 37.4 vs. 211.8 ± 10.0 pg/mL), as well as greater total NF-κB p65 (76.0 ± 7.6 vs. 57.1 ± 2.1 AU) and active NF-κB p65 (Ser-536) (11.6 ± 0.9 vs. 6.8 ± 1.0 AU) expression than control EMVs. There were no significant differences in expression of caspase-9 (230.1 ± 24.3 vs. 243.6 ± 22.3 AU), caspase-3 (271.9 ± 22.7 vs. 265.1 ± 30.5 AU), and active caspase-3 (4.4 ± 0.4 vs. 4.3 ± 0.1 AU) in cells treated with ET-1-EMVs versus control EMVs. Total eNOS (108.4 ± 11.4 vs. 158.8 ± 1.6 AU) and activated eNOS (4.7 ± 0.5 vs. 9.6 ± 1.4 AU) were significantly lower in endothelial cells treated with ET-1-generated EMVs compared with control EMVs. The effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on cellular markers and mediators of endothelial inflammation, as well as eNOS function, was comparable to the effects of ET-1. In summary, ET-1 induces an EMV phenotype that adversely affects endothelial cell function. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the atherogenic effect of ET-1.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide released by the endothelium that contributes to the regulation of vascular tone. Overexpression of ET-1 has been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) play a pivotal role in vascular health and disease. Their functional phenotype is largely dictated by the stimulus for release. EMVs released in response to various pathological conditions have been shown to elicit deleterious vascular effects. In the present study, we determined, in vitro, the effect of ET-1 on EMV release from endothelial cells and the effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). ET-1 induced a marked increase in EMV release. ET-1-generated EMVs significantly increased endothelial cell inflammation and reduced eNOS protein expression and activation. Moreover, the endothelial effects of ET-1-derived EMVs were similar to the direct effects of ET-1. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the proatherogenic profile of ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan V Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Anabel Goulding
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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13
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Endothelin A and B Receptors: Potential Targets for Microcirculatory-Mitochondrial Therapy in Experimental Sepsis. Shock 2019; 54:87-95. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Narvaez-Guerra O, Herrera-Enriquez K, Medina-Lezama J, Chirinos JA. Systemic Hypertension at High Altitude. Hypertension 2019; 72:567-578. [PMID: 30354760 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Offdan Narvaez-Guerra
- From the Santa María Catholic University and PREVENCION Research Institute, Arequipa, Peru (O.N.-G., K.H.-E., J.M.-L.)
| | - Karela Herrera-Enriquez
- From the Santa María Catholic University and PREVENCION Research Institute, Arequipa, Peru (O.N.-G., K.H.-E., J.M.-L.)
| | - Josefina Medina-Lezama
- From the Santa María Catholic University and PREVENCION Research Institute, Arequipa, Peru (O.N.-G., K.H.-E., J.M.-L.)
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.A.C.)
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15
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Palygin O, Miller BS, Nishijima Y, Zhang DX, Staruschenko A, Sorokin A. Endothelin receptor A and p66Shc regulate spontaneous Ca 2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells controlling renal arterial spontaneous motion. FASEB J 2018; 33:2636-2645. [PMID: 30303741 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800776rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptor protein p66Shc is overexpressed in smooth muscle cells of renal resistance vessels of hypertensive salt-sensitive rats and is involved in the regulation of renal vascular tone. We applied 2-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy to analyze spontaneous dynamic fluctuations in intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in smooth muscle cells embedded in the walls of freshly isolated renal resistance arteries. The amplitude, number of events, and frequency of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations triggered by endogenously released endothelin-1 were recorded in smooth muscle cells of the renal arteries. Endothelin receptor A antagonist BQ123 dramatically reduced the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ events, producing marked inhibition of renal vessels spontaneous motion. Spontaneous Ca2+ fluctuations in smooth muscle cells of p66Shc knockout (p66ShcKO) rats had significantly higher amplitude than in control rats. The frequency of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations did not change in p66ShcKO rats, suggesting that p66Shc expression did not affect endothelin-1 release from resident endothelial cells. Acute application of endothelin-1 revealed significantly elevated production of the total [Ca2+]i in p66ShcKO rats. Spontaneous cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells of renal vessels mediate their spontaneous motion via the endothelin-1/endothelin receptor A pathway. p66Shc decreases the amplitude of individual changes in [Ca2+]i, which mitigates the spontaneous motion of renal vessels.-Palygin, O., Miller, B. S., Nishijima, Y., Zhang, D. X., Staruschenko, A., Sorokin, A. Endothelin receptor A and p66Shc regulate spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells controlling renal arterial spontaneous motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bradley S Miller
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yoshinori Nishijima
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; and.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David X Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; and.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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16
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Stobdan T, Zhou D, Williams AT, Cabrales P, Haddad GG. Cardiac-specific knockout and pharmacological inhibition of Endothelin receptor type B lead to cardiac resistance to extreme hypoxia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:975-982. [PMID: 30069745 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen plays a central role in cardiac energy metabolism. At high altitude where the ambient oxygen level is low, we found EDNRB is associated with human hypoxia adaptation. Our subsequent study in global heterozygous knockout mice (Ednrb-/+) revealed that cardiac function was conserved in these mice when exposed to extreme hypoxia. The major goal of this study was (i) to determine the functional role of cardiomyocyte EdnrB in maintaining cardiac function under hypoxic stress and (ii) to validate the phenotypes we detected in Ednrb-/+ mice using EDNRB blockers. Unlike the global knockouts, cardiac-specific heterozygote (EdnrBflox/+) and homozygote (EdnrBflox/flox) EdnrB knockout mice were phenotypically normal. When treated with graded low levels of oxygen (10% and 5% O2), both EdnrBflox/+ and EdnrBflox/flox were hypoxia tolerant. The cardiac indexes at 10% and 5% O2 for EdnrBflox/+ were significantly higher and lactate levels were significantly lower when compared to the cre-negative controls (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, mice treated with BQ-788 (EDNRB-specific blocker) had a significantly higher cardiac index (P < 0.005) and significantly lower lactate levels (P < 0.0001) than in control mice. A similar result was obtained with mice treated with Bosentan (non-specific). These data indicate that a lower level or complete lack of EdnrB in the cardiomyocytes significantly improves cardiac performance under extreme hypoxia, a novel role of cardiomyocyte EdnrB in the regulation of cardiac function. Furthermore, this rescue under extreme hypoxia can also be achieved using EDNRB-specific pharmacological agents, e.g., BQ-788. This systematically confirms, both genetically and pharmacologically, the protective role of a lower EDNRB under extreme hypoxia stress. KEY MESSAGES Under normal condition, cardiomyocytes-specific EdnrB knockout mice, both heterozygote and homozygote, are phenotypically normal. Under hypoxic condition, a lower level or complete deletion of cardiomyocyte EdnrB conserves cardiac function by maintaining high cardiac index. Similarly, mice treated with both specific (BQ-788) and non-specific (Bosentan) EDNRB blockers are tolerant to hypoxia by maintaining better cardiac function. The oxygen perfusion under extreme hypoxia is better in the mice with lower EDNRB, as depicted by lower lactate level at 5% oxygen. Our current study systematically confirms, both genetically and pharmacologically, the protective role of a lower EDNRB under extreme hypoxia stress. Overall, it supports our hypothesis that studies on human hypoxia adaptation provide new insight to common disease pathogenesis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsering Stobdan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0735, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0735, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alexander T Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0735, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
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17
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Bedan M, Grimm D, Wehland M, Simonsen U, Infanger M, Krüger M. A Focus on Macitentan in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:103-113. [PMID: 29719121 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The approval of macitentan has increased the number of pharmacological treatments of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we review the effect on PAH of macitentan compared to other endothelin receptor antagonists. Drugs targeting the endothelin (ET) pathway include the selective ETA receptor antagonist ambrisentan, the ETA /ETB receptor antagonists, bosentan and macitentan, which were recently approved for PAH treatment. Macitentan exhibits higher antagonistic potency than bosentan and ambrisentan in pulmonary smooth muscle cells. Compared to ambrisentan and bosentan, macitentan has a longer duration of action, reflected by the longer half-life, as well as pharmacodynamics attributed to its active metabolite, ACT-132577. The efficacy of macitentan on PAH was investigated in the phase III SERAPHIN trial (NCT00660179). Macitentan significantly reduced morbidity and mortality. It improved the 6-min. walk distance (6MWD) among PAH patients. In the AMB-320/321-E (NCT00578786) study, ambrisentan improved exercise capacity. In the EARLY study (NCT00091715), bosentan showed improvements in 6MWD which were not statistically significant. Bosentan had an effect on PAH in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) in the BREATHE-5 study (NCT00367770), while macitentan did not improve 6MWD in these patients, but there are differences regarding study size and functional class, and that 30% of the patients treated with macitentan were already in treatment with a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. Macitentan revealed a lower risk of developing peripheral oedema and hepatotoxicity in the SERAPHIN study. In summary, macitentan has an efficiency comparable to bosentan and ambrisentan in the treatment of PAH. Patients treated with macitentan exhibited less adverse effects compared to bosentan and ambrisentan. In patients with PAH associated with ES, the trials with bosentan and macitentan do not seem comparable, and it needs to be clarified whether these drugs are effective when administered as part of a combination treatment in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bedan
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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18
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Brinton M, Mandel Y, Schachar I, Palanker D. Mechanisms of electrical vasoconstriction. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2018; 15:43. [PMID: 29843762 PMCID: PMC5975571 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-018-0390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical vasoconstriction is a promising approach to control blood pressure or restrict bleeding in non-compressible wounds. We explore the neural and non-neural pathways of electrical vasoconstriction in-vivo. METHODS Charge-balanced, asymmetric pulses were delivered through a pair of metal disc electrodes. Vasoconstriction was assessed by measuring the diameter of rat saphenous vessels stimulated with low-voltage (20 V, 1 ms) and high-voltage (150 V, 10 μs) stimuli at 10 Hz for 5 min. Activation pathways were explored by topical application of a specific neural agonist (phenylephrine, alpha-1 receptor), a non-specific agonist (KCl) and neural inhibitors (phenoxybenzamine, 25 mg/ml; guanethidine, 1 mg/ml). Acute tissue damage was assessed with a membrane permeability (live-dead) fluorescent assay. The Joule heating in tissue was estimated using COMSOL Multiphysics modeling. RESULTS During stimulation, arteries constricted to 41 ± 8% and 37 ± 6% of their pre-stimulus diameter with low- and high-voltage stimuli, while veins constricted to 80 ± 18% and 40 ± 11%, respectively. In arteries, despite similar extent of constriction, the recovery time was very different: about 30 s for low-voltage and 10 min for high-voltage stimuli. Neural inhibitors significantly reduced low-voltage arterial constriction, but did not affect high-voltage arterial or venous constriction, indicating that high-voltage stimuli activate non-neural vasoconstriction pathways. Adrenergic pathways predominantly controlled low-voltage arterial but not venous constriction, which may involve a purinergic pathway. Viability staining confirmed that stimuli were below the electroporation threshold. Modeling indicates that heating of the blood vessels during stimulation (< 0.2 °C) is too low to cause vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that low-voltage stimuli induce reversible vasoconstriction through neural pathways, while high-voltage stimuli activate non-neural pathways, likely in addition to neural stimulation. Different stimuli providing precise control over the extent of arterial and venous constriction as well as relaxation rate could be used to control bleeding, perfusion or blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Brinton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 E., Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Yossi Mandel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ira Schachar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, 2452 Watson Court Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Daniel Palanker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, 2452 Watson Court Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94303, USA.,Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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19
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Obeidat M, Nie Y, Fishbane N, Li X, Bossé Y, Joubert P, Nickle DC, Hao K, Postma DS, Timens W, Sze MA, Shannon CP, Hollander Z, Ng RT, McManus B, Miller BE, Rennard S, Spira A, Hackett TL, Lam W, Lam S, Faner R, Agusti A, Hogg JC, Sin DD, Paré PD. Integrative Genomics of Emphysema-Associated Genes Reveals Potential Disease Biomarkers. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:411-418. [PMID: 28459279 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0284oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Gene expression profiling across multiple regions of the same lung identified genes significantly related to emphysema. We sought to determine whether the lung and epithelial expression of 127 emphysema-related genes was also related to lung function in independent cohorts, and whether any of these genes could be used as biomarkers in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To that end, we examined whether the expression levels of these genes were under genetic control in lung tissue (n = 1,111). We then determined whether the mRNA levels of these genes in lung tissue (n = 727), small airway epithelial cells (n = 238), and peripheral blood (n = 620) were significantly related to lung function measurements. The expression of 63 of the 127 genes (50%) was under genetic control in lung tissue. The lung and epithelial mRNA expression of a subset of the emphysema-associated genes, including ASRGL1, LPHN2, and EDNRB, was strongly associated with lung function. In peripheral blood, the expression of 40 genes was significantly associated with lung function. Twenty-nine of these genes (73%) were also associated with lung function in lung tissue, but with the opposite direction of effect for 24 of the 29 genes, including those involved in hypoxia and B cell-related responses. The integrative genomics approach uncovered a significant overlap of emphysema genes associations with lung function between lung and blood with opposite directions between the two. These results support the use of peripheral blood to detect disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma'en Obeidat
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yunlong Nie
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nick Fishbane
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xuan Li
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine.,3 Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, and
| | - Philippe Joubert
- 3 Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, and.,4 Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - David C Nickle
- 5 Merck Research Laboratories, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ke Hao
- 6 Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Wim Timens
- 8 Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc A Sze
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Casey P Shannon
- 9 Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Hollander
- 9 Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond T Ng
- 9 Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce McManus
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,9 Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Rennard
- 11 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,12 Clinical Discovery Unit, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Avrum Spira
- 13 Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,14 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wan Lam
- 15 Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- 15 Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rosa Faner
- 16 Fundacio Clinic per a la Recerca Biomedica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvar Agusti
- 16 Fundacio Clinic per a la Recerca Biomedica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James C Hogg
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,17 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Don D Sin
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,18 Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter D Paré
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,18 Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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High-altitude adaptation in humans: from genomics to integrative physiology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1269-1282. [PMID: 28951950 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
About 1.2 to 33% of high-altitude populations suffer from Monge's disease or chronic mountain sickness (CMS). Number of factors such as age, sex, and population of origin (older, male, Andean) contribute to the percentage reported from a variety of samples. It is estimated that there are around 83 million people who live at altitudes > 2500 m worldwide and are at risk for CMS. In this review, we focus on a human "experiment in nature" in various high-altitude locations in the world-namely, Andean, Tibetan, and Ethiopian populations that have lived under chronic hypoxia conditions for thousands of years. We discuss the adaptive as well as mal-adaptive changes at the genomic and physiological levels. Although different genes seem to be involved in adaptation in the three populations, we can observe convergence at genetic and signaling, as well as physiological levels. What is important is that we and others have shown that lessons learned from the genes mined at high altitude can be helpful in better understanding and treating diseases that occur at sea level. We discuss two such examples: EDNRB and SENP1 and their role in cardiac tolerance and in the polycythemic response, respectively.
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Fujii N, Singh MS, Halili L, Louie JC, Kenny GP. The effect of endothelin A and B receptor blockade on cutaneous vascular and sweating responses in young men during and following exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:1263-1271. [PMID: 27763878 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00679.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During exercise, cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses occur, whereas these responses rapidly decrease during postexercise recovery. We hypothesized that the activation of endothelin A (ETA) receptors, but not endothelin B (ETB) receptors, attenuate cutaneous vasodilation during high-intensity exercise and contribute to the subsequent postexercise suppression of cutaneous vasodilation. We also hypothesized that both receptors increase sweating during and following high-intensity exercise. Eleven men (24 ± 4 yr) performed an intermittent cycling protocol consisting of two 30-min bouts of moderate- (40% V̇o2peak) and high-intensity (75% V̇o2peak) exercise in the heat (35°C), each separated by a 20- and 40-min recovery period, respectively. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were evaluated at four intradermal microdialysis skin sites: 1) lactated Ringer (control), 2) 500 nM BQ123 (a selective ETA receptor blocker), 3) 300 nM BQ788 (a selective ETB receptor blocker), or 4) a combination of BQ123 + BQ788. There were no between-site differences in CVC during each exercise bout (all P > 0.05); however, CVC following high-intensity exercise was greater at BQ123 (56 ± 9%max) and BQ123 + BQ788 (55 ± 14%max) sites relative to the control site (43 ± 12%max) (all P ≤ 0.05). Sweat rate did not differ between sites throughout the protocol (all P > 0.05). We show that neither ETA nor ETB receptors modulate cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses during and following moderate- and high-intensity exercise in the heat, with the exception that ETA receptors may partly contribute to the suppression of cutaneous vasodilation following high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maya S Singh
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lyra Halili
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Louie
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Fujii N, Amano T, Halili L, Louie JC, Zhang SY, McNeely BD, Kenny GP. Intradermal administration of endothelin-1 attenuates endothelium-dependent and -independent cutaneous vasodilation via Rho kinase in young adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 312:R23-R30. [PMID: 27881399 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00368.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that intradermal administration of endothelin-1 diminished endothelium-dependent and -independent cutaneous vasodilation. We evaluated the hypothesis that Rho kinase may be a mediator of this response. We also sought to evaluate if endothelin-1 increases sweating. In 12 adults (25 ± 6 yr), we measured cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweating during 1) endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced via administration of incremental doses of methacholine (0.25, 5, 100, and 2,000 mM each for 25 min) and 2) endothelium-independent vasodilation induced via administration of 50 mM sodium nitroprusside (20-25 min). Responses were evaluated at four skin sites treated with either 1) lactated Ringer solution (Control), 2) 400 nM endothelin-1, 3) 3 mM HA-1077 (Rho kinase inhibitor), or 4) endothelin-1+HA-1077. Pharmacological agents were intradermally administered via microdialysis. Relative to the Control site, endothelin-1 attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilation (CVC at 2,000 mM methacholine, 80 ± 10 vs. 56 ± 15%max, P < 0.01); however, this response was not detected when the Rho kinase inhibitor was simultaneously administered (CVC at 2,000 mM methacholine for Rho kinase inhibitor vs. endothelin-1 + Rho kinase inhibitor sites: 73 ± 9 vs. 72 ± 11%max, P > 0.05). Endothelium-independent vasodilation was attenuated by endothelin-1 compared with the Control site (CVC, 92 ± 13 vs. 70 ± 14%max, P < 0.01). However, in the presence of Rho kinase inhibition, endothelin-1 did not affect endothelium-independent vasodilation (CVC at Rho kinase inhibitor vs. endothelin-1+Rho kinase inhibitor sites: 81 ± 9 vs. 86 ± 10%max, P > 0.05). There was no between-site difference in sweating throughout (P > 0.05). We show that in young adults, Rho kinase is an important mediator of the endothelin-1-mediated attenuation of endothelium-dependent and -independent cutaneous vasodilation, and that endothelin-1 does not increase sweating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; and
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Lyra Halili
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; and
| | - Jeffrey C Louie
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; and
| | - Sarah Y Zhang
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; and
| | - Brendan D McNeely
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; and
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; and
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Mayer D, Oevermann A, Seuberlich T, Vandevelde M, Casanova-Nakayama A, Selimovic-Hamza S, Forterre F, Henke D. Endothelin-1 Immunoreactivity and its Association with Intramedullary Hemorrhage and Myelomalacia in Naturally Occurring Disk Extrusion in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1099-111. [PMID: 27353293 PMCID: PMC5094511 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of ascending/descending myelomalacia (ADMM) after canine intervertebral disk (IVD) extrusion remains poorly understood. Vasoactive molecules might contribute. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate the immunoreactivity of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in the uninjured and injured spinal cord of dogs and its potential association with intramedullary hemorrhage and extension of myelomalacia. Animals Eleven normal control and 34 dogs with thoracolumbar IVD extrusion. Methods Spinal cord tissue of dogs retrospectively selected from our histopathologic database was examined histologically at the level of the extrusion (center) and in segments remote from the center. Endothelin‐1 immunoreactivity was examined immunohistochemically and by in situ hybridization. Associations between the immunoreactivity for ET‐1 and the severity of intramedullary hemorrhage or the extension of myelomalacia were examined. Results Endothelin‐1 was expressed by astrocytes, macrophages, and neurons and only rarely by endothelial cells in all dogs. At the center, ET‐1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in astrocytes (median score 4.02) and lower in neurons (3.21) than in control dogs (3.0 and 4.54) (P < .001; P = .004) irrespective of the grade of hemorrhage or myelomalacia. In both astrocytes and neurons, there was a higher ET‐1 immunoreactivity in spinal cord regions remote from the center (4.58 and 4.15) than in the center itself (P = .013; P = .001). ET‐1 mRNA was present in nearly all neurons with variable intensity, but not in astrocytes. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Enhanced ET‐1 immunoreactivity over multiple spinal cord segments after IVD extrusion might play a role in the pathogenesis of ADMM. More effective quantitative techniques are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mayer
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Seuberlich
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Vandevelde
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Casanova-Nakayama
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Selimovic-Hamza
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Forterre
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Henke
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Manea SA, Fenyo IM, Manea A. c-Src tyrosine kinase mediates high glucose-induced endothelin-1 expression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:123-30. [PMID: 27102411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes-associated cardiovascular disorders. The molecular mechanisms leading to ET-1 upregulation in diabetes are not entirely defined. c-Src tyrosine kinase regulates important pathophysiological aspects of vascular response to insults. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether high glucose-activated c-Src signaling plays a role in the regulation of ET-1 expression. Human endothelial cells EAhy926 (ECs) were exposed to normal or high levels of glucose for 24h. Male C57BL/6J mice were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and then treated with a specific c-Src inhibitor (Src I1) or c-Src siRNA. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and ELISA, were used to investigate ET-1 regulation. The c-Src activity and expression were selectively downregulated by pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated gene silencing, respectively. High glucose dose-dependently up-regulated c-Src phosphorylation and ET-1 gene and protein expression levels in human ECs. Chemical inhibition or silencing of c-Src significantly decreased the high-glucose augmented ET-1 expression in cultured ECs. In vivo studies showed significant elevations in the aortic ET-1 mRNA expression and plasma ET-1 concentration in diabetic mice compared to non-diabetic animals. Treatment with Src I1, as well as in vivo silencing of c-Src, significantly reduced the upregulated ET-1 expression in diabetic mice. These data provide new insights into the regulation of ET-1 expression in endothelial cells in diabetes. Pharmacological targeting of c-Src activity and/or expression may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce ET-1 level and to counteract diabetes-induced deleterious vascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Adriana Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ioana Madalina Fenyo
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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Palygin O, Miller B, Ilatovskaya DV, Sorokin A, Staruschenko A. Two-photon imaging of endothelin-1-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) handling in smooth muscle cells of rat renal resistance arteries. Life Sci 2015; 159:140-143. [PMID: 26682937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor which regulates the physiology of cardiorenal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate ET-1-mediated elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) in smooth muscle cells (SMC) of renal resistance arteries. MAIN METHODS In in vitro studies of primary SMC, which were isolated from rat renal microvessels, the levels of intracellular Ca(2+) were calculated from the ratio of emissions at 340 and 380nm after loading cells with Fura 2-AM dye. In ex vivo studies we used two-photon imaging of renal resistance arteries excised from rat kidneys and loaded with fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator Fluo-4 AM. KEY FINDINGS The two-photon imaging demonstrates that treatment of isolated rat renal resistance arteries with ET-1 causes a rapid increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in smooth muscle vasculature of these vessels. These ex vivo observations are in accordance with in vitro findings indicating that ET-1 mediates activation of TRPC channels and increases the level of intracellular Ca(2+) in cultured SMC to 510±83nM. SIGNIFICANCE ET-1-mediated elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) is strongly linked to renal microvascular contraction and is crucial for ET-1-induced contraction of SMC. The two-photon imaging of intracellular Ca(2+) in intact SMC of rat renal resistance arteries is a powerful technique which allows the detailed ex vivo analysis of intracellular Ca(2+) handling by ET-1, an important player in hypertension-related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Bradley Miller
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Endothelin receptor B, a candidate gene from human studies at high altitude, improves cardiac tolerance to hypoxia in genetically engineered heterozygote mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10425-30. [PMID: 26240367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507486112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand human adaptation to stress, and in particular to hypoxia, we took advantage of one of nature's experiments at high altitude (HA) and studied Ethiopians, a population that is well-adapted to HA hypoxic stress. Using whole-genome sequencing, we discovered that EDNRB (Endothelin receptor type B) is a candidate gene involved in HA adaptation. To test whether EDNRB plays a critical role in hypoxia tolerance and adaptation, we generated EdnrB knockout mice and found that when EdnrB (-/+) heterozygote mice are treated with lower levels of oxygen (O2), they tolerate various levels of hypoxia (even extreme hypoxia, e.g., 5% O2) very well. For example, they maintain ejection fraction, cardiac contractility, and cardiac output in severe hypoxia. Furthermore, O2 delivery to vital organs was significantly higher and blood lactate was lower in EdnrB (-/+) compared with wild type in hypoxia. Tissue hypoxia in brain, heart, and kidney was lower in EdnrB (-/+) mice as well. These data demonstrate that a lower level of EDNRB significantly improves cardiac performance and tissue perfusion under various levels of hypoxia. Transcriptomic profiling of left ventricles revealed three specific genes [natriuretic peptide type A (Nppa), sarcolipin (Sln), and myosin light polypeptide 4 (Myl4)] that were oppositely expressed (q < 0.05) between EdnrB (-/+) and wild type. Functions related to these gene networks were consistent with a better cardiac contractility and performance. We conclude that EDNRB plays a key role in hypoxia tolerance and that a lower level of EDNRB contributes, at least in part, to HA adaptation in humans.
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Abstract
The amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) is a key player in the regulation of Na(+) homeostasis. Its functional activity is under continuous control by a variety of signaling molecules, including bioactive peptides of endothelin family. Since ENaC dysfunction is causative for disturbances in total body Na(+) levels associated with the abnormal regulation of blood volume, blood pressure, and lung fluid balance, uncovering the molecular mechanisms of inhibitory modulation or inappropriate activation of ENaC is crucial for the successful treatment of a variety of human diseases including hypertension. The precise regulation of ENaC is particularly important for normal Na(+) and fluid homeostasis in organs where endothelins are known to act: the kidneys, lung, and colon. Inhibition of ENaC by endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been established in renal cells, and several molecular mechanisms of inhibition of ENaC by ET-1 are proposed and will be reviewed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Sorokin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Motegi SI, Okada E, Uchiyama A, Yamada K, Ogino S, Yokoyama Y, Takeuchi Y, Monma F, Suzuki T, Ishikawa O. Role of endothelin-1/endothelin receptor signaling in fibrosis and calcification in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:664-9. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sei-ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Etsuko Okada
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Akihiko Uchiyama
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamada
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Sachiko Ogino
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Yoko Yokoyama
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Yuko Takeuchi
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Fumiko Monma
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
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Mamo YA, Angus JA, Ziogas J, Soeding PF, Wright CE. The role of voltage-operated and non-voltage-operated calcium channels in endothelin-induced vasoconstriction of rat cerebral arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 742:65-73. [PMID: 25218985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 has been identified as a potential mediator in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke and cerebral vasospasm. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCC) and non-VOCC in endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction of rat cerebral arteries. Arterial segments were dissected from different regions of the cerebral circulation and responses assessed using wire myography. Endothelin-1 concentration-contraction curves were constructed in calcium-free medium or in the presence of nifedipine, NNC 55-0396 ((1S,2S)-2-(2-(N-[(3-benzimidazol-2-yl)propyl]-N-methylamino)ethyl)-6-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-isopropyl-2-naphtyl cyclopropanecarboxylate dihydrochloride) or SK&F 96365 (1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole) to inhibit the l-type VOCC, T-type VOCC and non-VOCC, respectively. Inhibition of the calcium channels or removal of calcium from the medium variably decreased the maximum effects (Emax) of endothelin-1, however its potency (pEC50) was unaltered. Endothelin-1 caused a small contraction (<22%) in calcium-free solution. Pre-treatment with nifedipine (1µM) did not affect responses to low concentrations of endothelin-1 but decreased Emax, while NNC 55-0396 (1µM) and SK&F 96365 (30-100µM) generally attenuated the endothelin-1-induced contraction. Combination of nifedipine with SK&F 96365 further decreased the Emax. The relaxant effect of the calcium channel antagonists was also assessed in pre-contracted arteries. Only nifedipine and SK&F 96365 relaxed the arteries pre-contracted with endothelin-1. In conclusion, VOCC and non-VOCC calcium channels are involved in different phases of the endothelin-1 contraction in rat cerebral vessels. T-type VOCC may be involved in contraction induced by low concentrations of endothelin-1, while l-type VOCC mediate the maintenance phase of contraction. VOCC and non-VOCC may work in concert in mediating contraction induced by endothelin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes A Mamo
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - James A Angus
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - James Ziogas
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul F Soeding
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Christine E Wright
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Smith TP, Smith SN, Sweitzer SM. Endothelin-1 induced desensitization in primary afferent neurons. Neurosci Lett 2014; 582:59-64. [PMID: 25220703 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a known algogen that causes acute pain and sensitization in humans and spontaneous nociceptive behaviors when injected into the periphery in rats, and is elevated during vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs) in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Previously, our lab has shown that a priming dose of ET-1 produces sensitization to capsaicin-induce secondary hyperalgesia. The goal of this study was to determine if the sensitization induced by ET-1 priming is occurring at the level of the primary afferent neuron. Calcium imaging in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was utilized to examine the effects of ET-1 on primary afferent neurons. ET-1 induces [Ca(2+)]i transients in unprimed cells. ET-1 induced [Ca(2+)]i transients are attenuated by priming with ET-1. This priming effect occurs whether the priming dose is given 0-4 days prior to the challenge dose. Similarly, ET-1 priming decreases capsaicin-induced [Ca(2+)]i transients. At the level of the primary afferent neuron, ET-1 priming has a desensitizing effect on challenge exposures to ET-1 and capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terika P Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
| | - Sherika N Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sarah M Sweitzer
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; College of Health and Human Services, Concordia University, Portland, OR, United States
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31
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Mazzuca MQ, Dang Y, Khalil RA. Enhanced endothelin receptor type B-mediated vasodilation and underlying [Ca²⁺]i in mesenteric microvessels of pregnant rats. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1335-51. [PMID: 23646960 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Normal pregnancy is associated with decreased vascular resistance and increased release of vasodilators. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) causes vasoconstriction via endothelin receptor type A (ET(A)R), but could activate ET(B)R in the endothelium and release vasodilator substances. However, the roles of ET(B)R in the regulation of vascular function during pregnancy and the vascular mediators involved are unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pressurized mesenteric microvessels from pregnant and virgin Sprague-Dawley rats were loaded with fura-2/AM for simultaneous measurement of diameter and [Ca²⁺]i. KEY RESULTS High KCl (51 mM) and phenylephrine (PHE) caused increases in vasoconstriction and [Ca²⁺]i that were similar in pregnant and virgin rats. ET-1 caused vasoconstriction that was less in pregnant than virgin rats, with small increases in [Ca²⁺]i. Pretreatment with the ET(B)R antagonist BQ-788 caused greater enhancement of ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in pregnant rats. ACh caused endothelium-dependent relaxation and decreased [Ca²⁺]i, and was more potent in pregnant than in virgin rats. ET-1 + ET(A)R antagonist BQ-123, and the ET(B)R agonists sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and IRL-1620 caused greater vasodilation in pregnant than in virgin rats with no changes in [Ca²⁺]i, suggesting up-regulated ET(B)R-mediated relaxation pathways. ACh-, S6c- and IRL-1620-induced relaxation was reduced by the NO synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and abolished by tetraethylammonium or endothelium removal. Western blots revealed greater amount of ET(B)R in intact microvessels of pregnant than virgin rats, but reduced levels in endothelium-denuded microvessels, supporting a role of endothelial ET(B)R. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The enhanced ET(B)R-mediated microvascular relaxation may contribute to the decreased vasoconstriction and vascular resistance during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Q Mazzuca
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Yang X, Wan Y, Jia J. The effects of exercise preconditioning on cerebral blood flow change and endothelin-1 expression after cerebral ischemia in rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:1696-702. [PMID: 24774439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease with high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Preischemic treadmill training has been shown to be effective in improving behavioral and neuropathologic indices after cerebral ischemia. However, the exact neuroprotective mechanism of preischemic treadmill training against ischemic injury has not been elucidated clearly. The present study investigated whether preischemic treadmill training could protect the brain from ischemic injury via regulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and endothelin 1 (ET-1). We analyzed the CBF by laser speckle imaging and ET-1 expression by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an ischemic rat model with preischemic treadmill training. Generally speaking, ET-1 expression decreased and CBF increased significantly in the pretreadmill group. It is worth noting that ET-1 expression is increased at 24 hours of reperfusion in the pretreadmill group compared with the level of the time after middle cerebral artery occlusion. These changes were followed by significant changes in neurologic deficits and cerebral infarct volume. This study indicated that preconditioning exercise protected brain from ischemic injury through the improvement of CBF and regulation of ET-1 expression, which may be a novel component of the neuroprotective mechanism of preischemic treadmill training against brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiao Yang
- The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yonggan Wan
- The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Yonghe Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Jo WK, Law ACK, Chung SK. The neglected co-star in the dementia drama: the putative roles of astrocytes in the pathogeneses of major neurocognitive disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:159-67. [PMID: 24393807 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia are the major causes of cognitive disorders worldwide. They are characterized by cognitive impairments along with neuropsychiatric symptoms, and that their pathogeneses show overlapping multifactorial mechanisms. Although AD has long been considered the most common cause of dementia, individuals afflicted with AD commonly exhibit cerebral vascular abnormalities. The concept of mixed dementia has emerged to more clearly identify patients with neurodegenerative phenomena exhibiting both AD and cerebral vascular pathologies-vascular damage along with β-amyloid (Aβ)-associated neurotoxicity and τ-hyperphosphorylation. Cognitive impairment has long been commonly explained through a 'neuro-centric' perspective, but emerging evidence has shed light over the important roles that neurovascular unit dysfunction could have in neuronal death. Moreover, accumulating data have been demonstrating astrocytes being the essential cell type in maintaining proper central nervous system functioning. In relation to dementia, the roles of astrocytes in Aβ deposition and clearance are unclear. This article emphasizes the multiple events triggered by ischemia and the cytotoxicity exerted by Aβ either alone or in association with endothelin-1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products, thereby leading to neurodegeneration in an 'astroglio-centric' perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Jo
- Neural Dysfunction Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - A C K Law
- 1] Neural Dysfunction Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong [2] Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong [3] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - S K Chung
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong [2] Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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Contreras C, Sánchez A, Martínez P, Climent B, Benedito S, García-Sacristán A, Hernández M, Prieto D. Impaired Endothelin Calcium Signaling Coupled to Endothelin Type B Receptors in Penile Arteries from Insulin-Resistant Obese Zucker Rats. J Sex Med 2013; 10:2141-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Nabhen SL, Guil MJ, Saffioti N, Morales VP, Bianciotti LG, Vatta MS. Calcium-dependent mechanisms involved in the modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase by endothelins in the olfactory bulb of normotensive rats. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:389-98. [PMID: 23357475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins (ETs) are widely expressed in the olfactory bulb (OB) and other brain areas where they function as neuropeptides. In a previous study we reported that in the OB ET-1 and ET-3 participate in the long-term regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the key enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. ETs stimulate TH activity by increasing total and phosphorylated enzyme levels as well as its mRNA. ET-1 response is mediated by a super high affinity ETA receptor coupled to adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II) activation whereas that of ET-3 through an atypical receptor coupled not only to these signaling pathways but also to phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C pathway. Given the participation of PLC and CaMKII in the regulation of TH by ETs in the OB we sought to establish the contribution of calcium to ETs response. Present findings show that calcium released from ryanodine-sensitive channels and extracellular calcium were necessary to stimulate TH by ETs through CaMK-II. On the other hand, intracellular calcium released by the endoplasmic reticulum partially mediated ETs-evoked increase in TH mRNA but calcium influx and CaMK-II inhibition abolished the response. However calcium mechanisms were not involved in ETs-evoked increase in TH protein content. Present findings support that different sources of calcium contribute to the long-term modulation of TH activity and expression mediated by ETs in the rat OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Nabhen
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIMEFA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shi J, Ju M, Large WA, Albert AP. Pharmacological profile of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases and related phosphatidylinositols mediating endothelin(A) receptor-operated native TRPC channels in rabbit coronary artery myocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2161-75. [PMID: 22404177 PMCID: PMC3402779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelin(A) (ET(A) ) receptor-operated canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels mediate Ca²⁺ influx pathways, which are important in coronary artery function. Biochemical pathways linking ET(A) receptor stimulation to TRPC channel opening are unknown. We investigated the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) in ET(A) receptor activation of native heteromeric TRPC1/C5/C6 and TRPC3/C7 channels in rabbit coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A pharmacological profile of PI3K was created by studying the effect of pan-PI3K, pan-Class I PI3K and Class I PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors on ET(A) receptor-evoked single TRPC1/C5/C6 and TRPC3/C7 channel activities in cell-attached patches from rabbit freshly isolated coronary artery VSMCs. The action of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate- [PI(3)P], 4-phosphate- [PI(4)P] and 5-phosphate- [PI(5)P] containing molecules involved in PI3K-mediated reactions were studied in inside-out patches. Expression of PI3K family members in coronary artery tissue lysates were analysed using quantitative PCR. KEY RESULTS ET(A) receptor-operated TRPC1/C5/C6 and TRPC3/C7 channel activities were inhibited by wortmannin. However, ZSTK474 and AS252424 reduced ET(A) receptor-evoked TRPC1/C5/C6 channel activity but potentiated TRPC3/C7 channel activity. All the PI(3)P-, PI(4)P- and PI(5)P-containing molecules tested induced TRPC1/C5/C6 channel activation, whereas only PI(3)P stimulated TRPC3/C7 channels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ET(A) receptor-operated native TRPC1/C5/C6 and TRPC3/C7 channel activities are likely to be mediated by Class I PI3Kγ and Class II/III PI3K isoforms, respectively. ET(A) receptor-evoked and constitutively active PI3Kγ-mediated pathways inhibit TRPC3/C7 channel activation. PI3K-mediated pathways are novel regulators of native TRPC channels in VSMCs, and these signalling cascades are potential pharmacological targets for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Pharmacology & Cell Physiology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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Lee K, Jung Y, Lee JY, Lee WK, Lim D, Yu YG. Purification and characterization of recombinant human endothelin receptor type A. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 84:14-8. [PMID: 22561246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human endothelin receptor type A (ET(A)) is a G-protein coupled receptor that mediates vasoconstriction of blood vessels. To determine the structural characteristics and signaling mechanism of ET(A), we have expressed recombinant ET(A) as a fusion protein with p9 envelope protein from phi6 bacteriophage. The His-tag-labeled p9-ET(A) fusion protein was highly expressed in the membrane fraction of Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by single affinity chromatography after solubilization with detergents. Purified p9-ET(A) appeared as an oligomer and presented mainly as an α-helical structure. The protein also showed specific binding to endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the alpha subunit of G(q) protein with apparent K(D) values of 17 and 20 nM, respectively. An antagonist of ET(A), bosentan, prevented the interaction between p9-ET(A) and ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that recombinant p9-ET(A) has a competent conformation for interactions with ET-1 and the alpha subunit of G(q) protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangkyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 861-1 Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
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Bozic M, Valdivielso JM. Calcium signaling in renal tubular cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:933-44. [PMID: 22453977 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The kidney handles calcium by filtration and reabsorption. About 60% of the plasma calcium is filterable, and 99% is reabsorbed in the tubule. In the proximal tubule, the reabsorption is passive and paracellular, but in the distal tubule is active and transcellular. Thus, renal tubular cells are exposed to very high concentrations of calcium in both, the extracellular and the intracellular compartments. Extracellular calcium signaling is transmitted by the calcium sensing receptor, located both in the luminal and basolateral sides of tubular cells. This receptor is able to control levels of extracellular calcium and acts in consequence to maintain calcium homeostasis. Furthermore, renal tubular cells possess several calcium channels that regulate some of the cell functions. Among those, voltage gated calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels have been reported to control several functions. Those functions include survival, apoptosis, differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and active vitamin D and renin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Bozic
- Nephrology Research Laboratory, IRB Lleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Rovira Roure 80, Planta 1, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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39
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2012; 21:106-18. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e32834ee42b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Montmayeur JP, Barr TP, Kam SA, Packer SJ, Strichartz GR. ET-1 induced Elevation of intracellular calcium in clonal neuronal and embryonic kidney cells involves endogenous endothelin-A receptors linked to phospholipase C through Gα(q/11). Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:258-67. [PMID: 21515378 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a pain mediator, elevated in skin after injury, which potentiates noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli (hyperalgesia) through the activation of ET(A) (and, perhaps, ET(B)) receptors on pain fibers. Part of the mechanism underlying this effect has recently been shown to involve potentiation of neuronal TRPV1 by PKCɛ. However, the early steps of this pathway, which are recapitulated in HEK 293 cells co-expressing TRPV1 and ET(A) receptors, remain unexplored. To clarify these steps, we investigated the pharmacological profile and signaling properties of native endothelin receptors in immortalized cell lines including HEK 293 and ND7 model sensory neurons. Previously we showed that in ND7/104, a dorsal root ganglia-derived cell line, ET-1 elicits a rise in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](in)) which is blocked by BQ-123, an ET(A) receptor antagonist, but not by BQ-788, an ET(B) receptor antagonist, suggesting that ET(A) receptors mediate this effect. Here we extend these findings to HEK 293T cells. Examination of the expression of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors by RT-PCR and [(125)I]-ET-1 binding experiments confirms the slight predominance of ET(A) receptor binding sites and messenger RNA in both ND7/104 and HEK 293T cells. In addition, selective agonists of the ET(B) receptor (sarafotoxin 6c, BQ-3020 or IRL-1620) do not induce a transient increase in [Ca(2+)](in). Furthermore, reduction of ET(B) mRNA levels by siRNA does not abrogate calcium mobilization by ET-1 in HEK 293T cells, corroborating the lack of an ET(B) receptor role in this response. However, in HEK 293 cells with low endogenous ET(A) mRNA levels, ET-1 does not induce a transient increase in [Ca(2+)](in). Observation of the [Ca(2+)](in) elevation in ND7/104 and HEK 293T cells in the absence of extracellular calcium suggests that ET-1 elicits a release of calcium from intracellular stores, and pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin or a selective inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC) point to a mechanism involving Gαq/11 coupling. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a certain threshold of ET(A) receptor expression is necessary to drive a transient [Ca(2+)](in) increase in these cells and that this process involves release of calcium from intracellular stores following Gαq/11 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Montmayeur
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, F-21000 Dijon, France
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New perspectives on the endothelin axis in pain. Pharmacol Res 2011; 63:532-40. [PMID: 21352917 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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