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Valdez CN, Sánchez-Zuno GA, Bucala R, Tran TT. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT): Pathways to Tumorigenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4849. [PMID: 38732068 PMCID: PMC11084905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Discovered as inflammatory cytokines, MIF and DDT exhibit widespread expression and have emerged as critical mediators in the response to infection, inflammation, and more recently, in cancer. In this comprehensive review, we provide details on their structures, binding partners, regulatory mechanisms, and roles in cancer. We also elaborate on their significant impact in driving tumorigenesis across various cancer types, supported by extensive in vitro, in vivo, bioinformatic, and clinical studies. To date, only a limited number of clinical trials have explored MIF as a therapeutic target in cancer patients, and DDT has not been evaluated. The ongoing pursuit of optimal strategies for targeting MIF and DDT highlights their potential as promising antitumor candidates. Dual inhibition of MIF and DDT may allow for the most effective suppression of canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways, warranting further investigations and clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Naomi Valdez
- School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (C.N.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Gabriela Athziri Sánchez-Zuno
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Richard Bucala
- School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (C.N.V.); (R.B.)
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Thuy T. Tran
- School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (C.N.V.); (R.B.)
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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2
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Li MK, Xing C, Ma LQ. Integrative bioinformatics analysis to screen key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis in obesity. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2264442. [PMID: 37878496 PMCID: PMC10601513 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2264442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is closely associated with the development of disease in the body. However, there are few studies on ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in obesity. Therefore, key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis in obesity were screened. Briefly, the RNA sequencing data of obesity and the non-obesity human samples and 259 FRGs were downloaded from GEO database and FerrDb database, respectively. The obesity-related module genes were firstly screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and crossed with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of obesity/normal samples and FRGs to obtain obesity-ferroptosis related (OFR) DEGs. Then, key genes were screened by PPI network. Next, the correlation of key genes and differential immune cells between obesity and normal samples were further explored by immune infiltration analysis. Finally, microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA), transcription factor (TF)-mRNA networks and drug-gene interaction networks were constructed. As a result, 17 OFR DEGs were obtained, which mainly participated in processes such as lipid metabolism or adipocyte differentiation. The 4 key genes, STAT3, IL-6, PTGS2, and VEGFA, constituted the network. M2 macrophages, T cells CD8, mast cells activated, and T cells CD4 memory resting had significant differences between obesity and normal samples. Moreover, 51 miRNAs and 164 drugs were predicted for 4 key genes. All in all, this study has screened 4 FRGs, including IL-6, VEGFA, STAT3, and PTGS2, in obesity patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ke Li
- Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Xing
- Pediatric Hematology and Digestive Department, Qu Jing Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital, Qujing, China
| | - Lan-Qing Ma
- Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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3
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Vasella M, Wolf S, Francis EC, Grieb G, Pfister P, Reid G, Bernhagen J, Lindenblatt N, Gousopoulos E, Kim BS. Involvement of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Lipedema. Metabolites 2023; 13:1105. [PMID: 37887430 PMCID: PMC10608777 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a chronic disorder that mainly affects women. It is often misdiagnosed, and its etiology remains unknown. Recent research indicates an accumulation of macrophages and a shift in macrophage polarization in lipedema. One known protein superfamily that contributes to macrophage accumulation and polarization is the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family. MIF-1 and MIF-2 are ubiquitously expressed and also regulate inflammatory processes in adipose tissue. In this study, the expression of MIF-1, MIF-2 and CD74-a common receptor for both cytokines-was analyzed in tissue samples of 11 lipedema and 11 BMI-matched, age-matched and anatomically matched control patients using qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mRNA expression of MIF-1 (mean 1.256; SD 0.303; p = 0.0485) and CD74 (mean 1.514; SD 0.397; p = 0.0097) were significantly elevated in lipedema patients, while MIF-2 expression was unaffected (mean 1.004; SD 0.358; p = 0.9718). The IHC analysis corroborated the results for CD74 expression on a cellular level. In conclusion, our results provide first evidence for a potential involvement of the MIF family, presumably via the MIF-1-CD74 axis, in lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Vasella
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Wolf
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eamon C. Francis
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guys and St Thomas Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gerrit Grieb
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhoehe, 14089 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pablo Pfister
- Department of Surgery, Stadtspital Zürich Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Reid
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Epameinondas Gousopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Guan D, Li Y, Cui Y, Zhao H, Dong N, Wang K, Ren D, Song T, Wang X, Jin S, Gao Y, Wang M. 5-HMF attenuates inflammation and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice by inhibiting the MIF-CD74 interaction. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1222-1233. [PMID: 37431183 PMCID: PMC10448060 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective role of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) has been demonstrated in a variety of neurological diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 5-HMF on multiple sclerosis (MS). IFN-γ-stimulated murine microglia (BV2 cells) are considered a cell model of MS. With 5-HMF treatment, microglial M1/2 polarization and cytokine levels are detected. The interaction of 5-HMF with migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is predicted using online databases. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model is established, followed by a 5-HMF injection. The results show that 5-HMF facilitates IFN-γ-stimulated microglial M2 polarization and attenuates the inflammatory response. According to the network pharmacology and molecular docking results, 5-HMF has a binding site for MIF. Further results show that blocking MIF activity or silencing CD74 enhances microglial M2 polarization, reduces inflammatory activity, and prevents ERK1/2 phosphorylation. 5-HMF inhibits the MIF-CD74 interaction by binding to MIF, thereby inhibiting microglial M1 polarization and enhancing the anti-inflammatory response. 5-HMF ameliorates EAE, inflammation, and demyelination in vivo. In conclusion, our research indicates that 5-HMF promotes microglial M2 polarization by inhibiting the MIF-CD74 interaction, thereby attenuating inflammation and demyelination in EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Guan
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Yingxia Li
- The College of Basic MedicineHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450046China
| | - Yinglin Cui
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Huanghong Zhao
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pharmacythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Deqi Ren
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Tiantian Song
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Shijie Jin
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Yinghe Gao
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurologythe Second Clinical Medical CollegeHenan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450002China
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5
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Kumar T, Sethuraman R, Mitra S, Ravindran B, Narayanan M. MultiCens: Multilayer network centrality measures to uncover molecular mediators of tissue-tissue communication. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011022. [PMID: 37093889 PMCID: PMC10159362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the evolution of multicellularity, communication among cells in different tissues and organs became pivotal to life. Molecular basis of such communication has long been studied, but genome-wide screens for genes and other biomolecules mediating tissue-tissue signaling are lacking. To systematically identify inter-tissue mediators, we present a novel computational approach MultiCens (Multilayer/Multi-tissue network Centrality measures). Unlike single-layer network methods, MultiCens can distinguish within- vs. across-layer connectivity to quantify the "influence" of any gene in a tissue on a query set of genes of interest in another tissue. MultiCens enjoys theoretical guarantees on convergence and decomposability, and performs well on synthetic benchmarks. On human multi-tissue datasets, MultiCens predicts known and novel genes linked to hormones. MultiCens further reveals shifts in gene network architecture among four brain regions in Alzheimer's disease. MultiCens-prioritized hypotheses from these two diverse applications, and potential future ones like "Multi-tissue-expanded Gene Ontology" analysis, can enable whole-body yet molecular-level systems investigations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
- The Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems medicinE (IBSE), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
- Robert Bosch Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBCDSAI), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sanga Mitra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Balaraman Ravindran
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
- The Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems medicinE (IBSE), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
- Robert Bosch Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBCDSAI), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Manikandan Narayanan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
- The Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems medicinE (IBSE), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
- Robert Bosch Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBCDSAI), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
- Multiscale Digital Neuroanatomy (MDN), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
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6
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Microglial CD74 Expression Is Regulated by TGFβ Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810247. [PMID: 36142162 PMCID: PMC9499470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the present study, we provided evidence that TGFβ signaling regulated the expression of the microglia activation marker CD74. Our data demonstrated that TGFβ1 inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of CD74. Moreover, inhibition of microglial TGFβ signaling in vitro and silencing of TGFβ signaling by deletion of Tgfbr2 in vivo resulted in marked upregulation of microglial CD74. Abstract Microglia play important roles during physiological and pathological situations in the CNS. Several reports have described the expression of Cd74 in disease-associated and aged microglia. Here, we demonstrated that TGFβ1 controled the expression of Cd74 in microglia in vitro and in vivo. Using BV2 cells, primary microglia cultures as well as Cx3cr1CreERT2:R26-YFP:Tgfbr2fl/fl in combination with qPCR, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, we were able to provide evidence that TGFβ1 inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of Cd74 in microglia. Interestingly, TGFβ1 alone was able to mediate downregulation of CD74 in vitro. Moreover, silencing of TGFβ signaling in vivo resulted in marked upregulation of CD74, further underlining the importance of microglial TGFβ signaling during regulation of microglia activation. Taken together, our data indicated that CD74 is a marker for activated microglia and further demonstrated that microglial TGFβ signaling is important for regulation of Cd74 expression during microglia activation.
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7
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Tews D, Brenner RE, Siebert R, Debatin KM, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M. 20 Years with SGBS cells - a versatile in vitro model of human adipocyte biology. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1939-1947. [PMID: 35986215 PMCID: PMC9584814 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
20 years ago, we described a human cell strain derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue of an infant supposed to have Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS), thus called “SGBS cells”. Since then, these cells have emerged as the most commonly used cell model for human adipogenesis and human adipocyte biology. Although these adipocyte derived stem cells have not been genetically manipulated for transformation or immortalization, SGBS cells retain their capacity to proliferate and to differentiate into adipocytes for more than 50 population doublings, providing an almost unlimited source of human adipocyte progenitor cells. Original data obtained with SGBS cells led to more than 200 peer reviewed publications comprising investigations on adipogenesis and browning, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory response, adipokine production, as well as co-culture models and cell-cell communication. In this article, we provide an update on the characterization of SGBS cells, present basic methods for their application and summarize results of a systematic literature search on original data obtained with this cell strain.
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8
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Pan Y, Cao S, Tang J, Arroyo JP, Terker AS, Wang Y, Niu A, Fan X, Wang S, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Wasserman DH, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Cyclooxygenase-2 in adipose tissue macrophages limits adipose tissue dysfunction in obese mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152391. [PMID: 35499079 PMCID: PMC9057601 DOI: 10.1172/jci152391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shirong Cao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Juan P. Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yahua Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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9
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Timmons JA, Anighoro A, Brogan RJ, Stahl J, Wahlestedt C, Farquhar DG, Taylor-King J, Volmar CH, Kraus WE, Phillips SM. A human-based multi-gene signature enables quantitative drug repurposing for metabolic disease. eLife 2022; 11:68832. [PMID: 35037854 PMCID: PMC8763401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes, dementia, viral infection, and cardiovascular disease. Drug repurposing (DR) may identify treatments for IR; however, barriers include uncertainty whether in vitro transcriptomic assays yield quantitative pharmacological data, or how to optimise assay design to best reflect in vivo human disease. We developed a clinical-based human tissue IR signature by combining lifestyle-mediated treatment responses (>500 human adipose and muscle biopsies) with biomarkers of disease status (fasting IR from >1200 biopsies). The assay identified a chemically diverse set of >130 positively acting compounds, highly enriched in true positives, that targeted 73 proteins regulating IR pathways. Our multi-gene RNA assay score reflected the quantitative pharmacological properties of a set of epidermal growth factor receptor-related tyrosine kinase inhibitors, providing insight into drug target specificity; an observation supported by deep learning-based genome-wide predicted pharmacology. Several drugs identified are suitable for evaluation in patients, particularly those with either acute or severe chronic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Timmons
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Augur Precision Medicine LTD, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jack Stahl
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | | | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | - Stuart M Phillips
- Faculty of Science, Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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10
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Andrade S, Morais T, Sandovici I, Seabra AL, Constância M, Monteiro MP. Adipose Tissue Epigenetic Profile in Obesity-Related Dysglycemia - A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681649. [PMID: 34290669 PMCID: PMC8288106 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for dysglycemic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is wide phenotypic variation in metabolic profiles. Tissue-specific epigenetic modifications could be partially accountable for the observed phenotypic variability. SCOPE The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on epigenetic signatures in human adipose tissue (AT) that characterize overweight or obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and dysglycemia states and to identify potential underlying mechanisms through the use of unbiased bioinformatics approaches. METHODS Original data published in the last decade concerning the comparison of epigenetic marks in human AT of individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUHO) versus normal weight individuals or individuals with metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) was assessed. Furthermore, association of these epigenetic marks with IR/dysglycemic traits, including T2D, was compiled. RESULTS We catalogued more than two thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs; above the cut-off of 5%) in the AT of individuals with MUHO compared to individuals with MHO. These DNA methylation changes were less likely to occur around the promoter regions and were enriched at loci implicated in intracellular signaling (signal transduction mediated by small GTPases, ERK1/2 signaling and intracellular trafficking). We also identified a network of seven transcription factors that may play an important role in targeting DNA methylation changes to specific genes in the AT of subjects with MUHO, contributing to the pathogeny of obesity-related IR/T2D. Furthermore, we found differentially methylated CpG sites at 8 genes that were present in AT and whole blood, suggesting that DMRs in whole blood could be potentially used as accessible biomarkers of MUHO. CONCLUSIONS The overall evidence linking epigenetic alterations in key tissues such AT to metabolic complications in human obesity is still very limited, highlighting the need for further studies, particularly those focusing on epigenetic marks other than DNA methylation. Our initial analysis suggests that DNA methylation patterns can potentially discriminate between MUHO from MHO and provide new clues into why some people with obesity are less susceptible to dysglycemia. Identifying AT-specific epigenetic targets could also lead to novel approaches to modify the progression of individuals with obesity towards metabolic disease. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021227237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Andrade
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Morais
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre L. Seabra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Constância
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana P. Monteiro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Mariana P. Monteiro,
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12
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Banerjee A, Singh J. Remodeling adipose tissue inflammasome for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: Current perspective and translational strategies. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10150. [PMID: 32440558 PMCID: PMC7237149 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low-grade chronic systemic inflammation that arises primarily from the white adipose tissue. The interplay between various adipose tissue-derived chemokines drives insulin resistance in T2DM and has therefore become a subject of rigorous investigation. The adipocytokines strongly associated with glucose homeostasis include tumor necrosis factor-α, various interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, adiponectin, and leptin, among others. Remodeling the adipose tissue inflammasome in obesity-associated T2DM is likely to treat the underlying cause of the disease and bring significant therapeutic benefit. Various strategies have been adopted or are being investigated to modulate the serum/tissue levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines to improve glucose homeostasis in T2DM. These include use of small molecule agonists/inhibitors, mimetics, antibodies, gene therapy, and other novel formulations. Here, we discuss adipocytokines that are strongly associated with insulin activity and therapies that are under investigation for modulation of their levels in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
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13
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Cheng WL, Kao YH, Chen YC, Lin YK, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor increases atrial arrhythmogenesis through CD74 signaling. Transl Res 2020; 216:43-56. [PMID: 31669150 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine, is highly expressed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). CD74 (major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain) is the main receptor for MIF. However, the role of the MIF/CD74 axis in atrial arrhythmogenesis is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of MIF/CD74 signaling on atrial electrophysiological characteristics and determined its underlying mechanisms. Confocal fluorescence microscopy, patch clamp, and western blot analysis were used to study calcium homeostasis, ionic currents, and calcium-related signaling in MIF-treated HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes with or without anti-CD74 neutralized antibodies treatment. Furthermore, electrocardiographic telemetry recording and echocardiography were obtained from mice treated with MIF. Compared with controls, MIF-treated HL-1 myocytes had increased calcium transients, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium content, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) efflux rate, calcium leak, transient outward potassium current, and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current. Furthermore, MIF could induce expression of SR Ca2+ATPase, NCX, phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and activation of calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) when compared with control cells. MIF-mediated electrical dysregulation and CaMKII-RyR2 signaling activation were attenuated through blocking of CD74. Moreover, MIF-injected mice had lesser left atrium fractional shortening, greater atrial fibrosis, and atrial ectopic beats than control (nonspecific immunoglobulin treated) or MIF combined with anti-CD74 neutralized antibody-treated mice. Consequently, our study on MIF/CD74 signaling has pointed out a new potential therapeutic intervention of AF patients with MIF elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Li YH, Wen K, Zhu LL, Lv SK, Cao Q, Li Q, Deng L, Chen T, Wang X, Deng KY, Wang LF, Xin HB. Tautomerase Activity-Lacking of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Alleviates the Inflammation and Insulin Tolerance in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:134. [PMID: 32265835 PMCID: PMC7098947 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has multiple intrinsic enzymatic activities of the dopachrome/phenylpyruvate tautomerase and thiol protein oxidoreductase, and plays an important role in the development of obesity as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, which enzymatic activity of MIF is responsible for regulating in obesity are still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of the tautomerase of MIF in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity using MIF tautomerase activity-lacking (MIFP1G/P1G) mice. Our results showed that the serum MIF and the expression of MIF in adipose tissue were increased in HFD-treated mice compared with normal diet fed mice. The bodyweights were significantly reduced in MIFP1G/P1G mice compared with WT mice fed with HFD. The sizes of adipocytes were smaller in MIFP1G/P1G mice compared with WT mice fed with HFD using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In addition, the MIFP1G/P1G mice reduced the macrophage infiltration, seen as the decreases of the expression of inflammatory factors such as F4/80, IL-1β, TNFα, MCP1, and IL-6. The glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) assays showed that the glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were markedly improved, and the expressions of IRS and PPARγ were upregulated in adipose tissue from MIFP1G/P1G mice fed with HFD. Furthermore, we observed that the expressions of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, and the cleaved caspase 3-positive cells in white tissues were decreased and the ratio of Bcl2/Bax was increased in MIFP1G/P1G mice compared with WT mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the tautomerase activity-lacking of MIF significantly alleviated the HFD-induced obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, and improved insulin resistance in MIFP1G/P1G mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Basic Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Lv
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Libin Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Fang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Fang Wang
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Hong-Bo Xin ;
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15
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Stošić-Grujičić S, Saksida T, Miljković Đ, Stojanović I. MIF and insulin: Lifetime companions from common genesis to common pathogenesis. Cytokine 2019; 125:154792. [PMID: 31400637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory nature of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been generally related to the propagation of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. But this molecule possesses many other peculiar functions, unrelated to the immune system, among which is its supportive role in the post-translational modifications of insulin. In this way MIF enables proper insulin conformation within the pancreatic beta cell and its full activity. The inherent or acquired changes in MIF expression might therefore lead to different insulin processing and initiation of autoimmunity. The relation between MIF and insulin does not stop at this point; these two molecules continue to interact during pathological states characterized by inflammation and insulin resistance. In this context, MIF indirectly and negatively influences insulin action by boosting inflammatory environment and disabling target cells to respond to insulin. On the other side, insulin might interfere with MIF action as well, acting as an anti-inflammatory mediator. Therefore, the proper interaction between MIF and insulin is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, while anti-inflammatory therapies based on the systemic MIF blockage may disturb this balance. This review covers MIF-insulin relationship in the physiological and pathological conditions and discusses the approaches for MIF inhibition and their net effect specifically considering possible impact on insulin misfolding and the possible misinterpretation of previous results due to the discovery of MIF functional homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Stošić-Grujičić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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16
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Chan PC, Liao MT, Hsieh PS. The Dualistic Effect of COX-2-Mediated Signaling in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133115. [PMID: 31247902 PMCID: PMC6651192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are two major risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cyclooxygenase (COX), a rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), exists in two isoforms: COX-1, the constitutive form, and COX-2, mainly the inducible form. COX-2 is the key enzyme in eicosanoid metabolism that converts eicosanoids into a number of PGs, including PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, and prostacyclin (PGI2), all of which exert diverse hormone-like effects via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. The COX-2 gene and immunoreactive proteins have been documented to be highly expressed and elevated in adipose tissue (AT) under morbid obesity conditions. On the other hand, the environmental stress-induced expression and constitutive over-expression of COX-2 have been reported to play distinctive roles under different pathological and physiological conditions; i.e., over-expression of the COX-2 gene in white AT (WAT) has been shown to induce de novo brown AT (BAT) recruitment in WAT and then facilitate systemic energy expenditure to protect mice against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Hepatic COX-2 expression was found to protect against diet-induced steatosis, obesity, and insulin resistance. However, COX-2 activation in the epidydimal AT is strongly correlated with the development of AT inflammation, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. This review will provide updated information regarding the role of COX-2-derived signals in the regulation of energy metabolism and the pathogenesis of obesity and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Chan
- Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
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17
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Identification of lncRNAs and Genes Responsible for Fatness and Fatty Acid Composition Traits between the Tibetan and Yorkshire Pigs. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:5070975. [PMID: 31281828 PMCID: PMC6589220 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan pigs from the Tibetan Plateau are characterized with a significant phenotypic difference relative to lowland pigs. In this study, a significant difference of the fatness and fatty acid composition traits was observed between the Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs. To uncover the involved mechanism, the expression profile of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and genes was compared between them. After serial filtered steps, 1,964 lncRNAs were obtained through our computational pipeline. In total, 63 and 715 lncRNAs and genes were identified to be differentially expressed. Evidence from cis- and trans-targeting analysis of lncRNAs demonstrated that some lncRNAs, such as MSTRG.14097 and MSTRG.8034, played important roles in the fatness and fatty acid composition traits. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that many candidate genes were responsible for the two traits. Of these, FASN, ACACA, SCD, ME3, PDHB, ACSS1, ACSS2, and ACLY were identified, which functioned in regulating the level of hexadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, octadecenoic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid. And LPGAT1, PDK4, ACAA1, and ADIPOQ were associated with the content of stearic acid, octadecadienoic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid. Candidate genes, which were responsible for fatness trait, consisted of FGF2, PLAG1, ADIPOQ, IRX3, MIF, IL-34, ADAM8, HMOX1, Vav1, and TLR8. In addition, association analysis also revealed that 34 and 57 genes significantly correlated to the fatness and fatty acid composition trait, respectively. Working out the mechanism caused by these lncRNAs and candidate genes is proven to be complicated but is invaluable to our understanding of fatness and fatty acid composition traits.
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18
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Daryabor G, Kabelitz D, Kalantar K. An update on immune dysregulation in obesity-related insulin resistance. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12747. [PMID: 30593678 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue (AT) that might develop into systemic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in severe obese rodents and humans. In the lean state, small normal adipocytes and AT macrophages interact with each other to maintain metabolic homeostasis but during obesity, enlarged adipocytes secrete inflammatory mediators and express immune receptors to recruit immune cells and aggravate the inflammation. The better understanding of the obesity-related inflammatory milieu and the sequential events leading to IR could be helpful in designing new preventive and therapeutic strategies. The present review will discuss the cellular and molecular abnormalities participating in the pathogenesis of obesity in obese individuals as well as high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, a mouse model of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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19
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Inflammatory Microenvironment and Adipogenic Differentiation in Obesity: The Inhibitory Effect of Theobromine in a Model of Human Obesity In Vitro. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1515621. [PMID: 30804705 PMCID: PMC6360562 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1515621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is considered a clinic condition characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The role of macrophages and adipocytokines in adipose tissue inflammation is in growing investigation. The physiopathological mechanisms involved in inflammatory state in obesity are not fully understood though the adipocytokines seem to characterize the biochemical link between obesity and inflammation. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of theobromine, a methylxanthine present in the cocoa, on adipogenesis and on proinflammatory cytokines evaluated in a model of fat tissue inflammation in vitro. Methods In order to mimic in vitro this inflammatory condition, we investigated the interactions between human-like macrophages U937 and human adipocyte cell lines SGBS. The effect of theobromine on in vitro cell growth, cell cycle, adipogenesis, and cytokines release in the supernatants has been evaluated. Results Theobromine significantly inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes in mature adipocytes and reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines as MCP-1 and IL-1β in the supernatants obtained by the mature adipocytes and macrophages interaction. Conclusion Theobromine reduces adipogenesis and proinflammatory cytokines; these data suggest its potential therapeutic effect for treating obesity by control of macrophages infiltration in adipose tissue and inflammation.
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20
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Lyra E Silva NDM, Lam MP, Soares CN, Munoz DP, Milev R, De Felice FG. Insulin Resistance as a Shared Pathogenic Mechanism Between Depression and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 30837902 PMCID: PMC6382695 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major public health concerns proposed to be intimately connected. T2D is associated with increased risk of dementia, neuropsychiatric and mood disorders. Evidences of the involvement of insulin signaling on brain mechanisms related to depression indicate that insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, could develop in the brains of depressive patients. In this article, we briefly review possible molecular mechanisms associating defective brain insulin signaling with reward system, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis in depression. We further discuss the involvement of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) promoting defective insulin signaling and depressive-like behavior in rodent models. Finally, due to the high resistant rate of anti-depressants, novel insights into the link between insulin resistance and depression may advance the development of alternative treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minh P Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Claudio N Soares
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Moser VA, Uchoa MF, Pike CJ. TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 attenuates the adverse neural effects of diet-induced obesity. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:306. [PMID: 30396359 PMCID: PMC6217784 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity exerts negative effects on brain health, including decreased neurogenesis, impaired learning and memory, and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Because obesity promotes glial activation, chronic neuroinflammation, and neural injury, microglia are implicated in the deleterious effects of obesity. One pathway that is particularly important in mediating the effects of obesity in peripheral tissues is toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. The potential contribution of TLR4 pathways in mediating adverse neural outcomes of obesity has not been well addressed. To investigate this possibility, we examined how pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 affects the peripheral and neural outcomes of diet-induced obesity. METHODS Male C57BL6/J mice were maintained on either a control or high-fat diet for 12 weeks in the presence or absence of the specific TLR4 signaling inhibitor TAK-242. Outcomes examined included metabolic indices, a range of behavioral assessments, microglial activation, systemic and neuroinflammation, and neural health endpoints. RESULTS Peripherally, TAK-242 treatment was associated with partial inhibition of inflammation in the adipose tissue but exerted no significant effects on body weight, adiposity, and a range of metabolic measures. In the brain, obese mice treated with TAK-242 exhibited a significant reduction in microglial activation, improved levels of neurogenesis, and inhibition of Alzheimer-related amyloidogenic pathways. High-fat diet and TAK-242 were associated with only very modest effects on a range of behavioral measures. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a significant protective effect of TLR4 inhibition on neural consequences of obesity, findings that further define the role of microglia in obesity-mediated outcomes and identify a strategy for improving brain health in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Alexandra Moser
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 3641 Watt Way, HNB 120, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Mariana F. Uchoa
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 3641 Watt Way, HNB 120, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Christian J. Pike
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 3641 Watt Way, HNB 120, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA ,0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 USA
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22
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Gonzalez LL, Garrie K, Turner MD. Type 2 diabetes - An autoinflammatory disease driven by metabolic stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3805-3823. [PMID: 30251697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has traditionally been viewed as a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic high glucose levels, insulin resistance, and declining insulin secretion from the pancreas. Modern lifestyle, with abundant nutrient supply and reduced physical activity, has resulted in dramatic increases in the rates of obesity-associated disease conditions, including diabetes. The associated excess of nutrients induces a state of systemic low-grade chronic inflammation that results from production and secretion of inflammatory mediators from the expanded pool of activated adipocytes. Here, we review the mechanisms by which obesity induces adipose tissue dysregulation, detailing the roles of adipose tissue secreted factors and their action upon other cells and tissues central to glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, given the emerging importance of adipokines, cytokines and chemokines in disease progression, we suggest that type 2 diabetes should now be viewed as an autoinflammatory disease, albeit one that is driven by metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Gonzalez
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Garrie
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Turner
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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