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Museedi AS, Samson R, Le Jemtel TH. Menopause, epicardial adiposity and preserved ejection fraction heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2024; 415:132478. [PMID: 39179034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are overrepresented in the preserved ejection heart failure population. Expansion of visceral and epicardial adipose tissue during the menopause transition leads to local and low-grade systemic inflammation that in turn contributes to left ventricular concentric remodeling, diastolic dysfunction and the development and progression of preserved ejection fraction. In contrast to visceral adipose tissue imaging, epicardial adipose tissue can be inexpensively imaged on low radiation coronary calcium score computerized tomography examination. The menopause transition provides a unique time frame to evaluate the contribution of epicardial adipose tissue expansion to the pathogenesis of preserved ejection heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman S Museedi
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Rohan Samson
- Advanced Heart Failure Therapies Program, University of Louisville Health-Jewish Hospital, 201 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 1001, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Thierry H Le Jemtel
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.
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Wu Y, Qi H, Zhang X, Xing Y. Predictive value of CCTA-based pericoronary adipose tissue imaging for major adverse cardiovascular events. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00585-3. [PMID: 39304378 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of the radiomic characteristics of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) as determined by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to predict the likelihood of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within the next five years. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective casecontrol study, the case group consisted of 210 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who developed MACEs within five years, and the control group consisted of 210 CAD patients without MACEs who were matched with the case group patients according to baseline characteristics. Both groups were divided into training and testing cohorts at an 8:2 ratio. After data standardization and the exclusion of features with Pearson correlation coefficients of |r| ≥ 0.9, independent logistic regression models were constructed using selected radiomics features of the proximal PCAT of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, left circumflex (LCX) artery, and right coronary artery (RCA) via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) techniques. An integrated PCAT radiomics model including all three coronary arteries was also developed. Five models, including individual PCAT radiomics models for the LAD artery, LCX artery, and RCA; an integrated radiomics model; and a fat attenuation index (FAI) model, were assessed for diagnostic accuracy via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curves. RESULTS Compared with the FAI model (AUC=0.564 in training, 0.518 in testing), the integrated radiomics model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance (area under the curve [AUC]=0.923 in training, 0.871 in testing). The AUC values of the integrated model were greater than those of the individual coronary radiomics models, with all the models showing goodness of fit (P > 0.05). The decision curves indicated greater clinical utility of the radiomics models than the FAI model. CONCLUSION PCAT radiomics models derived from CCTA data are highly valuable for predicting future MACE risk and significantly outperform the FAI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Radiological Imaging Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China (Y.W.)
| | - Haicheng Qi
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China (H.Q., X.Z., Y.X.)
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China (H.Q., X.Z., Y.X.)
| | - Yan Xing
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China (H.Q., X.Z., Y.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, China (Y.X.).
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Liang J, Ji F, Abdullah ALB, Qin W, Zhu T, Tay YJ, Li Y, Han M. Micro/nano-plastics impacts in cardiovascular systems across species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173770. [PMID: 38851343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The widespread presence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) in the environment has become a critical public health issue due to their potential to infiltrate and affect various biological systems. Our review is crucial as it consolidates current data and provides a comprehensive analysis of the cardiovascular impacts of MPs/NPs across species, highlighting significant implications for human health. By synthesizing findings from studies on aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including humans, this review offers insights into the ubiquity of MPs/NPs and their pathophysiological roles in cardiovascular systems. We demonstrated that exposure to MPs/NPs is linked to various cardiovascular ailments such as thrombogenesis, vascular damage, and cardiac impairments in model organisms, which likely extrapolate to humans. Our review critically evaluated methods for detecting MPs/NPs in biological tissues, assessing their toxicity, and understanding their behaviour within the vasculature. These findings emphasise the urgent need for targeted public health strategies and enhanced regulatory measures to mitigate the impacts of MP/NP pollution. Furthermore, the review underlined the necessity of advancing research methodologies to explore long-term effects and potential intergenerational consequences of MP/NP exposure. By mapping out the intricate links between environmental exposure and cardiovascular risks, our work served as a pivotal reference for future research and policymaking aimed at curbing the burgeoning threat of plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liang
- University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | - Wei Qin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tian Zhu
- University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yi Juin Tay
- University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Mingming Han
- University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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Dhore-Patil A, Urina-Jassir D, Samson R, Le Jemtel TH, Oparil S. Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:381-388. [PMID: 38642285 PMCID: PMC11324708 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Preserved ejection fraction heart failure and obesity frequently coexist. Whether obesity plays a consistent role in the pathogenesis of preserved ejection fraction heart failure is unclear. Accumulation of visceral adiposity underlies the pathogenic aftermaths of obesity. However, visceral adiposity imaging is assessed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance and thus not routinely available. In contrast, epicardial adiposity thickness is assessed by echocardiography and thus routinely available. We review the rationale for assessing epicardial adiposity thickness in patients with preserved ejection fraction heart failure and elevated body mass index. RECENT FINDINGS Body mass index correlates poorly with visceral, and epicardial adiposity. Visceral and epicardial adiposity enlarges as preserved ejection fraction heart failure progresses. Epicardial adiposity may hasten the progression of coronary artery disease and impairs left ventricular sub-endocardial perfusion and diastolic function. Epicardial adiposity thickness may help monitor the therapeutic response in patients with preserved ejection failure heart failure and elevated body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Dhore-Patil
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, 6505 Fanin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniela Urina-Jassir
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Rohan Samson
- Advanced Heart Failure Therapies Program, University of Louisville Health-Heart Hospital, 201Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 1001, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Thierry H Le Jemtel
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Luca T, Pezzino S, Puleo S, Castorina S. Lesson on obesity and anatomy of adipose tissue: new models of study in the era of clinical and translational research. J Transl Med 2024; 22:764. [PMID: 39143643 PMCID: PMC11323604 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious global illness that is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome. Adipocytes are the typical cells of adipose organ, which is composed of at least two different tissues, white and brown adipose tissue. They functionally cooperate, interconverting each other under physiological conditions, but differ in their anatomy, physiology, and endocrine functions. Different cellular models have been proposed to study adipose tissue in vitro. They are also useful for elucidating the mechanisms that are responsible for a pathological condition, such as obesity, and for testing therapeutic strategies. Each cell model has its own characteristics, culture conditions, advantages and disadvantages. The choice of one model rather than another depends on the specific study the researcher is conducting. In recent decades, three-dimensional cultures, such as adipose spheroids, have become very attractive because they more closely resemble the phenotype of freshly isolated cells. The use of such models has developed in parallel with the evolution of translational research, an interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field, which aims to learn a scientific translational approach to improve human health and longevity. The focus of the present review is on the growing body of data linking the use of new cell models and the spread of translational research. Also, we discuss the possibility, for the future, to employ new three-dimensional adipose tissue cell models to promote the transition from benchside to bedsite and vice versa, allowing translational research to become routine, with the final goal of obtaining clinical benefits in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, Catania, 95123, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Puleo
- Mediterranean Foundation "GB Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Mediterranean Foundation "GB Morgagni", Catania, Italy
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Eliades T, Eliades G. Intraoral ageing of aligners and attachments: Adverse effects on clinical efficiency and release of biologically-active compounds. Korean J Orthod 2024; 54:199-209. [PMID: 38926752 PMCID: PMC11270147 DOI: 10.4041/kjod24.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of aligners is accompanied by the ageing of the polymer appliances and the attachments used, which may result in inefficiency in reaching the predicted range of tooth movement, and release of compounds and microplastics in the oral cavity as a result of the friction, wear and attrition of the aligner and composite attachment. The purpose of this review is to present the mechanism and effects of in vivo ageing; describe the hydrolytic degradation of aligners and enzymatic degradation of composite attachments; examine the ageing pattern of aligners in vivo, under actual clinical scenarios; and identify a link to the discrepancy between predicted and actual clinical outcome. Lastly, strategies to deal with three potentially critical issues associated with the use of aligners, namely the necessity of weekly renewal, the dissimilar mechanical properties of aligner and attachment resulting in wear and plastic deformation of the aligner, and the development of integuments and biofilms with microbial colonization of the appliance, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Eliades
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Osikoya O, Hula N, da Silva RDNO, Goulopoulou S. Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Uterine Artery Adaptations to Pregnancy. Microcirculation 2024; 31:e12857. [PMID: 38826057 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is characterized by longitudinal maternal, physiological adaptations to support the development of a fetus. One of the cardinal maternal adaptations during a healthy pregnancy is a progressive increase in uterine artery blood flow. This facilitates sufficient blood supply for the development of the placenta and the growing fetus. Regional hemodynamic changes in the uterine circulation, such as a vast reduction in uterine artery resistance, are mainly facilitated by changes in uterine artery reactivity and myogenic tone along with remodeling of the uterine arteries. These regional changes in vascular reactivity have been attributed to pregnancy-induced adaptations of cell-to-cell communication mechanisms, with an emphasis on the interaction between endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is considered the fourth layer of the vascular wall and contributes to the regulation of vascular reactivity in most vascular beds and most species. This review focuses on mechanisms of uterine artery reactivity and the role of PVAT in pregnancy-induced maternal vascular adaptations, with an emphasis on the uterine circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobiloba Osikoya
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Nataliia Hula
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Renée de Nazaré Oliveira da Silva
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Liu Y, Dong Y, Wang X, Xu X. Association between metformin treatment and coronary artery inflammation based on pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2024; 26:330-337. [PMID: 38430483 PMCID: PMC11007798 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The role of metformin in reducing cardiovascular events is well-established, but its effect on coronary artery inflammation in T2DM patients is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated 547 T2DM patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at Wuhan Central Hospital. Using propensity score matching, we compared the attenuation of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT), an imaging marker of coronary artery inflammation, between patients treated with and without metformin. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of metformin on PCAT attenuation. The results of the propensity-matched analysis showed that patients on metformin therapy had significantly lower PCAT attenuation, indicating reduced coronary inflammation. Specifically, the PCAT attenuation in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and right coronary artery (RCA) was lower in the metformin group compared to the non-metformin group. Metformin use was independently associated with decreased LAD-PCAT attenuation in the multivariate regression analysis. The association of metformin with PCAT attenuation differed significantly in populations analyzed in subgroups of patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease. In conclusion, our study shows a preliminary signal that metformin therapy may be associated with decreased coronary artery inflammation in T2DM patients, as indicated by PCAT attenuation on CCTA. And this correlation may vary depending on the patient population. This initial finding suggests that PCAT attenuation could be potentially used as an imaging biomarker to monitor the anti-inflammatory effects of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuchang District, WuhanChina
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Radiology, Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuchang District, WuhanChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of RadiologyCentral Hospital of WuhanJiangan District, WuhanChina
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuchang District, WuhanChina
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Yu S, Huo R, Qiao H, Ning Z, Xu H, Yang D, Shen R, Xu N, Han H, Chen S, Liu Y, Zhao X. Carotid artery perivascular adipose tissue on magnetic resonance imaging: a potential indicator for carotid vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:7695-7705. [PMID: 38106263 PMCID: PMC10722049 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential in assessing the inflammation of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) due to its excellent soft tissue contrast. However, evidence is lacking for the association between carotid PVAT measured by MRI and carotid vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. This study aimed to investigate the association between signal intensity of PVAT and vulnerable plaques in carotid arteries using multi-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 104 patients (mean age, 64.9±7.0 years; 86 men) with unilateral moderate-to-severe atherosclerotic stenosis referred to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were recruited from April 2018 to December 2020 at Department of Neurosurgery of Peking University Third Hospital. All patients underwent multi-contrast MR vessel wall imaging including time-of-flight (ToF) MR angiography, black-blood T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) and simultaneous non-contrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) imaging sequences. Patients with contraindications to endarterectomy or MRI examinations were excluded. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of PVAT were measured on ToF images and vulnerable plaque characteristics including IPH, large lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), and fibrous cap rupture (FCR) were identified. The SNR and CNR of PVAT were compared between slices with and without vulnerable plaque features using Mann-Whitney U test and their associations were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Results Carotid artery slices with IPH (30.93±14.56 vs. 27.34±10.02; P<0.001), FCR (30.35±13.82 vs. 27.53±10.37; P=0.006), and vulnerable plaque (29.15±12.52 vs. 27.32±10.05; P=0.016) had significantly higher value of SNR of PVAT compared to those without. After adjusting for clinical confounders, the SNR of PVAT was significantly associated with presence of IPH [odds ratio (OR) =0.627, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.465-0.847, Puncorr=0.002, PFDR=0.016] and vulnerable plaque (OR =0.762, 95% CI: 0.629-0.924, Puncorr=0.006, PFDR=0.020). However, no significant association was found between the CNR of PVAT and presence of vulnerable plaque features (all P>0.05). Conclusions The SNR of carotid artery PVAT measured by ToF MR angiography is independently associated with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque features, suggesting that the signal intensity of PVAT might be an effective indicator for vulnerable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwan Yu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyu Qiao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Ning
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualu Han
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xihai Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Ferreira J, Afonso J, Carneiro AL, Vila I, Cunha C, Roque S, Silva C, Mesquita A, Cotter J, Correia-Neves M, Mansilha A, Longatto-Filho A, Cunha P. Exploring the Diversity of Visceral, Subcutaneous and Perivascular Adipose Tissue in a Vascular Surgery Population. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:271. [PMID: 37504527 PMCID: PMC10380901 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has doubled, with a concomitant increase in cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of visceral, subcutaneous and peri-aortic adipose tissue determined with computed tomography (CT) scans and to correlate them with cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric measures and medication. An observational and prospective study was conducted, and 177 subjects were included. Peri-aortic adipose tissue had the highest density, while the subcutaneous adipose tissue had the lowest. The density of subcutaneous adipose tissue differs from the density of visceral (p = 0.00) and peri-aortic adipose tissue (p = 0.00). Smokers/ex-smokers had a lower area (p = 0.00) and density (p = 0.02) of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex was a predictor of subcutaneous adipose tissue area (β = -0.27, t = -3.12, p = 0.00) but smoking habits were not. After controlling for sex, we found that the association between smokers/ex-smokers and area of subcutaneous adipose tissue was lost, but the association with density persisted. Patients with hypertension had a higher visceral adipose tissue area, and this relationship was maintained even after adjusting for gender. Peri-aortic adipose tissue is similar to visceral and distinct from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Cardiovascular risk factors have different influences in distinct adipose compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- Vascular Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center Hospital de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Professor Doutor Nuno Grande, CACTMAD, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Julieta Afonso
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Lima Carneiro
- Radiology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde Alto Minho, 4904-858 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Isabel Vila
- Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Roque
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva
- Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Mesquita
- Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Cotter
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Armando Mansilha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-390, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Cunha
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
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Cheng CK, Ding H, Jiang M, Yin H, Gollasch M, Huang Y. Perivascular adipose tissue: Fine-tuner of vascular redox status and inflammation. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102683. [PMID: 36958248 PMCID: PMC10038789 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the aggregate of adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature, exhibiting the phenotypes of white, beige and brown adipocytes. PVAT has emerged as an active modulator of vascular homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in addition to its structural role to provide mechanical support to blood vessels. More specifically, PVAT is closely involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and inflammation along the vascular tree, through the tight interaction between PVAT and cellular components of the vascular wall. Furthermore, the phenotype-genotype of PVAT at different regions of vasculature varies corresponding to different cardiovascular risks. During ageing and obesity, the cellular proportions and signaling pathways of PVAT vary in favor of cardiovascular pathogenesis by promoting ROS generation and inflammation. Physiological means and drugs that alter PVAT mass, components and signaling may provide new therapeutic insights in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an updated understanding towards PVAT in the context of redox regulation, and to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting PVAT against cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Huanyu Ding
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minchun Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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12
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Ali S, Alam R, Ahsan H, Khan S. Role of adipokines (omentin and visfatin) in coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:483-493. [PMID: 36653284 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adipose tissue is considered as an endocrine organ that releases bioactive factors known as adipokines which contribute to the pathogenesis of rotundity-linked metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Rotundity is a major predisposer for the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). DATA SYNTHESIS The literature survey from various databases such as Pubmed/Medline, DOAJ, Scopus, Clarivate analytics/Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to prepare this article. The epidemic of rotundity has gained significant attention to understand the biology of adipocytes and the metabolism of adipose tissue in obese individuals. In CAD, visfatin/NAMPT was primarily indicated as a clinical marker of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury having a prognostic significance. Visfatin/NAMPT is a factor that promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Omentin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic adipokine regulating cardiovascular functions. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights and summarizes the scientific information pertaining to the role of the adipokines - omentin and visfatin in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Roshan Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Saba Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
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13
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Krammer C, Yang B, Reichl S, Besson-Girard S, Ji H, Bolini V, Schulte C, Noels H, Schlepckow K, Jocher G, Werner G, Willem M, El Bounkari O, Kapurniotu A, Gokce O, Weber C, Mohanta S, Bernhagen J. Pathways linking aging and atheroprotection in Mif-deficient atherosclerotic mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22752. [PMID: 36794636 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of our arteries and the main underlying pathology of myocardial infarction and stroke. The pathogenesis is age-dependent, but the links between disease progression, age, and atherogenic cytokines and chemokines are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the chemokine-like inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in atherogenic Apoe-/- mice across different stages of aging and cholesterol-rich high-fat diet (HFD). MIF promotes atherosclerosis by mediating leukocyte recruitment, lesional inflammation, and suppressing atheroprotective B cells. However, links between MIF and advanced atherosclerosis across aging have not been systematically explored. We compared effects of global Mif-gene deficiency in 30-, 42-, and 48-week-old Apoe-/- mice on HFD for 24, 36, or 42 weeks, respectively, and in 52-week-old mice on a 6-week HFD. Mif-deficient mice exhibited reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the 30/24- and 42/36-week-old groups, but atheroprotection, which in the applied Apoe-/- model was limited to lesions in the brachiocephalic artery and abdominal aorta, was not detected in the 48/42- and 52/6-week-old groups. This suggested that atheroprotection afforded by global Mif-gene deletion differs across aging stages and atherogenic diet duration. To characterize this phenotype and study the underlying mechanisms, we determined immune cells in the periphery and vascular lesions, obtained a multiplex cytokine/chemokine profile, and compared the transcriptome between the age-related phenotypes. We found that Mif deficiency promotes lesional macrophage and T-cell counts in younger but not aged mice, with subgroup analysis pointing toward a role for Trem2+ macrophages. The transcriptomic analysis identified pronounced MIF- and aging-dependent changes in pathways predominantly related to lipid synthesis and metabolism, lipid storage, and brown fat cell differentiation, as well as immunity, and atherosclerosis-relevant enriched genes such as Plin1, Ldlr, Cpne7, or Il34, hinting toward effects on lesional lipids, foamy macrophages, and immune cells. Moreover, Mif-deficient aged mice exhibited a distinct plasma cytokine/chemokine signature consistent with the notion that mediators known to drive inflamm'aging are either not downregulated or even upregulated in Mif-deficient aged mice compared with the corresponding younger ones. Lastly, Mif deficiency favored formation of lymphocyte-rich peri-adventitial leukocyte clusters. While the causative contributions of these mechanistic pillars and their interplay will be subject to future scrutiny, our study suggests that atheroprotection due to global Mif-gene deficiency in atherogenic Apoe-/- mice is reduced upon advanced aging and identifies previously unrecognized cellular and molecular targets that could explain this phenotype shift. These observations enhance our understanding of inflamm'aging and MIF pathways in atherosclerosis and may have implications for translational MIF-directed strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Krammer
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Bishan Yang
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reichl
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hao Ji
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Bolini
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Schulte
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Schlepckow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Jocher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Werner
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Aphrodite Kapurniotu
- Division of Peptide Biochemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ozgun Gokce
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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14
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Hollan I. Lessons from Cardiac and Vascular Biopsies from Patients with and without Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:129-150. [PMID: 36424021 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Feiring Heart Biopsy Study enables searching for potential pathogenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers through the assessment of clinical data and multiple blood and tissue samples from patients with and without inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs), undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Some of our findings, for example, more inflammation (including the presence of immune cells and expression of proinflammatory cytokines) in vessels and the heart, and the presence of certain bacteria and autoantigens in vessels, could contribute to the increased risk of ischemia, aneurysms, and/or cardiac dysfunction in IRDs. Furthermore, some of the detected factors could be involved in the pathomechanisms of these conditions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Hollan
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Teknologivegen 22, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway.
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15
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Zhu X, Wang C, Duan X, Liang B, Genbo Xu E, Huang Z. Micro- and nanoplastics: A new cardiovascular risk factor? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107662. [PMID: 36473237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) is inevitable due to their omnipresence in the environment. A growing body of studies has advanced our understanding of the potential toxicity of MNPs but knowledge gaps still exist regarding the adverse effects of MNPs on the cardiovascular system and underlying mechanisms, particularly in humans. Here, we reviewed up-to-date data published in the past 10 years on MNP-driven cardiovascular toxicity and mechanisms. Forty-six articles concerning ADME (absorption, distribution, and aggregation behaviors) and toxicity of MNPs in the circulatory system of animals and human cells were analyzed and summarized. The results showed that MNPs affected cardiac functions and caused toxicity on (micro)vascular sites. Direct cardiac toxicity of MNPs included abnormal heart rate, cardiac function impairment, pericardial edema, and myocardial fibrosis. On (micro)vascular sites, MNPs induced hemolysis, thrombosis, blood coagulation, and vascular endothelial damage. The main mechanisms included oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and interaction between MNPs and multiple cellular components. Cardiovascular toxicity was determined by the properties (type, size, surface, and structure) of MNPs, exposure dose and duration, protein presence, the life stage, sex, and species of the tested organisms, as well as the interaction with other environmental contamination. The limited quantitative information on MNPs' ADME and the lack of guidelines for MNP cardiotoxicity testing makes risk assessment on cardiac health impossible. Furthermore, the future directions of cardiovascular research on MNPs are recommended to enable more realistic health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chuanxuan Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Boxuan Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark.
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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16
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Marketou M, Kontaraki J, Kalogerakos P, Plevritaki A, Chlouverakis G, Kassotakis S, Maragkoudakis S, Danelatos C, Zervakis S, Savva E, Vardas P, Kochiadakis G, Lazopoulos G. Differences in MicroRNA Expression in Pericoronary Adipose Tissue in Coronary Artery Disease Compared to Severe Valve Dysfunction. Angiology 2022:33197221121617. [PMID: 36214765 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) is a source of microRNAs (miRs) that act as messengers for intercellular communication. We investigated whether the PCAT surrounding significant coronary atherosclerotic lesions shows specific miR expression patterns compared with PCAT surrounding plaque-free segments. We included 49 patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) and 19 patients with severe valvular disease but no CAD, who underwent elective cardiac surgery. The PCAT was harvested from two sites: adjacent to a significant atherosclerotic coronary lesion and from plaque-free segments. miR-133a, miR-21, miR-26b, miR-9, and miR-143 levels in PCAT cells were quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (data expressed as arbitrary units). Expression of miR-133, miR-21, and miR-26b in adipose tissue at a site without atherosclerotic lesion was much lower in patients with CAD than in those without CAD (0.82 ± 1.37 vs 1.86 ± 0.52, P < .001, 0.45 ± 1.3 vs 1.51 ± 1.11, P < .001, 0.3 ± 1.25 vs 1.2 ± 0.73, P = .02, respectively). In addition, miR-133, miR-21, and miR-143 in CAD patients showed significantly greater expression in PCAT from atherosclerotic lesion compared with plaque-free segments (1.32 ± 0.96 vs 0.82 ± 0.37 (P = .011), 0.91 ± 1.7 vs 0.3 ± 1.25 (P = .012), 1.2 ± 1.59 vs 0.43 ± 0.54 (P < .001), respectively). Our findings open new perspectives for the role of PCAT in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marketou
- Cardiology Department, 551975Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - Joanna Kontaraki
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, 37778School of Medicine, University of CreteUniversity, Crete, Greece
| | - Paris Kalogerakos
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, 551975Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - Anthoula Plevritaki
- Cardiology Department, 551975Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - Gregory Chlouverakis
- Department of Biostatistics, 37778School of Medicine, University of CreteUniversity, Crete, Greece
| | - Spyridon Kassotakis
- Cardiology Department, 551975Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Christos Danelatos
- Cardiology Department, 551975Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - Stelios Zervakis
- Cardiology Department, 551975Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Savva
- Cardiology Department, 551975Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | | | - George Kochiadakis
- Cardiology Department, 551975Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - George Lazopoulos
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, 551975Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
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17
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The adventitia in arterial development, remodeling, and hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115259. [PMID: 36150432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia receives input signals from the vessel wall, the immune system, perivascular nerves and from surrounding tissues to generate effector responses that regulate structural and mechanical properties of blood vessels. It is a complex and dynamic tissue that orchestrates multiple functions for vascular development, homeostasis, repair, and disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the origins, phenotypes, and functions of adventitial and perivascular cells with particular emphasis on hypertensive vascular remodeling.
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18
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Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071754. [PMID: 35885059 PMCID: PMC9313312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a special type of ectopic fat depot that adheres to most vasculatures. PVAT has been shown to exert anticontractile effects on the blood vessels and confers protective effects against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. PVAT plays a critical role in vascular homeostasis via secreting adipokine, hormones, and growth factors. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; also known as NOS3 or NOSIII) is well-known for its role in the generation of vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO). eNOS is primarily expressed, but not exclusively, in endothelial cells, while recent studies have identified its expression in both adipocytes and endothelial cells of PVAT. PVAT eNOS is an important player in the protective role of PVAT. Different studies have demonstrated that, under obesity-linked metabolic diseases, PVAT eNOS may be even more important than endothelium eNOS in obesity-induced vascular dysfunction, which may be attributed to certain PVAT eNOS-specific functions. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of eNOS expression in PVAT, its function under both physiological and pathological conditions and listed out a few pharmacological interventions of interest that target eNOS in PVAT.
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19
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Zhao J, Gomes D, Jin L, Mathis SP, Li X, Rouchka EC, Bodduluri H, Conklin DJ, O'Toole TE. Polystyrene bead ingestion promotes adiposity and cardiometabolic disease in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113239. [PMID: 35093814 PMCID: PMC8860873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vast amounts of plastic materials are produced in the modern world and despite recycling efforts, large amounts are disposed in water systems and landfills. Under these storage conditions, physical weathering and photochemical processes break down these materials into smaller particles of the micro- and nano-scale. In addition, ecosystems can be contaminated with plastic particles which are manufactured in these size ranges for commercial purposes. Independent of source, microplastics are abundant in the environment and have found their way into water supplies and the food cycle where human exposure is inevitable. Nevertheless, the health consequences of microplastic ingestion, inhalation, or absorption are largely unknown. In this study we sought to determine if ingestion of microplastics promoted pre-clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). To do this, we supplied mice with normal drinking water or that supplemented with polystyrene beads of two different sizes (0.5 µm and 5 µm) and two different doses (0.1 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml) each for 12 weeks and measured several indices of metabolism and glucose homeostasis. As early as 3 weeks of consumption, we observed an accelerated weight gain with a corresponding increase in body fat for some exposure groups versus the control mice. Some exposure groups demonstrated increased levels of fasting plasma glucose. Those mice consuming the smaller sized beads (0.5 µm) at the higher dose (1 μg/ml), had increased levels of fasting plasma insulin and higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores as well. This was accompanied by changes in the gut microbiome consistent with an obese phenotype. Using samples of perivascular adipose tissue collected from the same group, we observed changes in gene expression consistent with increased adipogenesis. These results suggest that ingestion of polystyrene beads promotes a cardiometabolic disease phenotype and thus may be an unrecognized risk factor for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel Gomes
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lexiao Jin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven P Mathis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Haribabu Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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20
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Dwaib HS, Ajouz G, AlZaim I, Rafeh R, Mroueh A, Mougharbil N, Ragi ME, Refaat M, Obeid O, El-Yazbi AF. Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigates Perivascular Adipose Inflammation-Induced Cardiovascular Consequences in Early Metabolic Impairment. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023227. [PMID: 34873915 PMCID: PMC9075232 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The complexity of the interaction between metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular complications has long been recognized to extend beyond simple perturbations of blood glucose levels. Yet, structured interventions targeting the root pathologies are not forthcoming. Growing evidence implicates the inflammatory changes occurring in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) as early instigators of cardiovascular deterioration. Methods and Results We used a nonobese prediabetic rat model with localized PVAT inflammation induced by hypercaloric diet feeding, which dilutes inorganic phosphorus (Pi) to energy ratio by 50%, to investigate whether Pi supplementation ameliorates the early metabolic impairment. A 12‐week Pi supplementation at concentrations equivalent to and twice as much as that in the control diet was performed. The localized PVAT inflammation was reversed in a dose‐dependent manner. The increased expression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein1), HIF‐1α (hypoxia inducible factor‐1α), and IL‐1β (interleukin‐1β), representing the hallmark of PVAT inflammation in this rat model, were reversed, with normalization of PVAT macrophage polarization. Pi supplementation restored the metabolic efficiency consistent with its putative role as an UCP1 inhibitor. Alongside, parasympathetic autonomic and cerebrovascular dysfunction function observed in the prediabetic model was reversed, together with the mitigation of multiple molecular and histological cardiovascular damage markers. Significantly, a Pi‐deficient control diet neither induced PVAT inflammation nor cardiovascular dysfunction, whereas Pi reinstatement in the diet after a 10‐week exposure to a hypercaloric low‐Pi diet ameliorated the dysfunction. Conclusions Our present results propose Pi supplementation as a simple intervention to reverse PVAT inflammation and its early cardiovascular consequences, possibly through the interference with hypercaloric‐induced increase in UCP1 expression/activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ghina Ajouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Rim Rafeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ali Mroueh
- INSERM UMR 1260 Regenerative Nanomedicine FMTSUniversity of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Marie-Elizabeth Ragi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Marwan Refaat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Alamein International University Alamein Egypt
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21
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Wan Q, Ding T, Xu Y, Zheng C, Tu M, Zhao T. Urban fine particulate air pollution exposure promotes atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by activating perivascular adipose tissue inflammation via the Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112912. [PMID: 34673409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a deleterious risk factor in the ambient air and is recognized to exacerbate atherosclerosis. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) secretes a large number of inflammatory cytokines and plays a crucial role in the pathogenic microenvironment of atherogenesis. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the role of PVAT inflammation in the genesis of PM2.5-related atherosclerosis. The aim of this research was to probe the latent links between PM2.5 exposure and PVAT inflammation and further discovered the underlying mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were exposed to real-world atmospheric PM2.5 or filtered clean air for three months, the Wnt5a inhibitor Box5 and the Ror2 inhibitor β-Arrestin2 were applied to verify the possible mechanisms. We noticed that the average daily PM2.5 mass concentration was 84.27 ± 28.84 μg/m3. PM2.5 inhalation might significantly expedite the deterioration of atherosclerosis, increase the protein and mRNA expressions of MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α, Wnt5a, and Ror2 in PVAT tissues, upregulate the distributions of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and leptin in the histological sections of PVAT, promote lipid deposition in the aorta, elevate the plasma levels of leptin, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α, LDL-C, TC, and TG, however, decrease the plasma levels of adiponectin and HDL-C, downregulate the distribution of adiponectin. Nevertheless, these effects caused by PM2.5 exposure were dramatically diminished after the administration of Box5 or β-Arrestin2. This research illuminated that PVAT inflammation was involved in the PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis process, as well as lipid deposition, which was closely associated with the activation of the Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Tao Ding
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Cuicui Zheng
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Mengting Tu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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22
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Nakamura T, Miyamoto K, Kugo H, Sutoh K, Kiriyama K, Moriyama T, Zaima N. Ovariectomy Causes Degeneration of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1651-1659. [PMID: 34645749 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are more resistant than men to the development of vascular diseases. However, menopause is a factor leading to deterioration of female vascular integrity, and it is reported that the risk of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm is increased in postmenopausal women. Although it is suggested that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is deeply involved in the increased risk of vascular disease development, the effect of menopause on PVAT integrity is unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of menopause on PVAT in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. PVAT was divided into 4 regions based on characteristics. Hypertrophy and increased inflammation of adipocytes in the PVAT were observed in the OVX group, but the effects of OVX were different for each region. OVX induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 which degrade extracellular matrix such as elastin and collagen fibers in PVAT. Degeneration of the arterial fibers of the thoracic and abdominal aorta were observed in the OVX group. These results indicate that OVX can cause dysfunction of PVAT which can cause degradation of arterial fibers. Appropriate management of PVAT may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases originating from ovarian hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
| | - Kento Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
| | - Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
| | | | | | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University
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23
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Balakumar P, Alqahtani A, Khan NA, Alqahtani T, A T, Jagadeesh G. The physiologic and physiopathologic roles of perivascular adipose tissue and its interactions with blood vessels and the renin-angiotensin system. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105890. [PMID: 34536547 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to an ectopic local deposit of connective tissue that anatomically surrounds most of the blood vessels. While it was initially known only as a structural support for vasculature, the landmark findings of Soltis and Cassis (1991), first demonstrating that PVAT reduces the contractions of norepinephrine in the isolated rat aorta, brought the potential vascular role of PVAT into the limelight. This seminal work implied the potential ability of PVAT to influence vascular responsiveness. Several vasoactive/vasocrine substances influencing vascular homeostasis were successively shown to be released from PVAT that include both adipocyte-derived relaxing and contracting factors. The PVAT is currently recognized as a metabolically active endocrine organ and is eventually considered as the 'protagonist' in vascular homeostasis. It plays prominent defending and opposing roles in vascular function, while the actual vascular influences of PVAT vary with an increase in adiposity. Recent studies have presented compelling evidence implicating the pivotal role of PVAT in the local activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which substantially impacts vascular physiology and physiopathology. Current findings have advanced our understanding of the role of PVAT in favorably or adversely modulating the vascular function through differential RAS activation. Given that adipocytes also produce major RAS components locally to influence vascular function, this review provides a scientific basis to distinctly understand the key role of PVAT in regulating the autocrine and paracrine functions of vascular RAS components and its potential as an emerging therapeutic target for mitigating cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul 624005, India.
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thangathirupathi A
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul 624005, India
| | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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24
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Lin X, Zhang D, Hu C, Liu J, Zhu Y, Gao A, Han H, Chai M, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao Y. Perivascular Adipose-Derived Exosomes Reduce Foam Cell Formation by Regulating Expression of Cholesterol Transporters. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:697510. [PMID: 34490366 PMCID: PMC8416751 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.697510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The formation of macrophage foam cells is a central feature of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PVAT-derived exosomes (EXOs) on the lipid accumulation of macrophages and verify the anti-atherogenic characteristics of PVAT. Methods and Results: We extracted EXOs from the PVAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of wild-type C57BL/6J mice. After coincubation, the EXOs were taken up by RAW264.7 cells. Oil Red O staining revealed that macrophage foam cell formation and intracellular lipid accumulation were ameliorated by PVAT-EXOs. Flow cytometry showed that PVAT-EXOs significantly reduced macrophage uptake of fluorescence-labelled oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). In addition, high-density lipoprotein-induced cholesterol efflux was promoted by PVAT-EXOs. Western blot analysis showed the downregulation of macrophage scavenger receptor A and the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1, which could be mediated by the overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and was independent of liver X receptor α. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PVAT-EXOs reduce macrophage foam cell formation by regulating the expression of cholesterol transport proteins, which provides a novel mechanism by which PVAT protects the vasculature from atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xuze Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Up to now, there is still controversy on the choice of treatment method of AAA. Even so, the mechanisms of AAA progression are poorly defined, making targeting new therapies problematic. Current evidence favors an interaction of the hemodynamic microenvironment with local and systemic immune responses. In this review, we aim to provide an update of mechanisms in AAA progression, involving hemodynamics, perivascular adipose tissue, adventitial fibroblasts, vasa vasorum remodeling, intraluminal thrombus, and distribution of macrophage subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ping Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Wenceslau CF, McCarthy CG, Earley S, England SK, Filosa JA, Goulopoulou S, Gutterman DD, Isakson BE, Kanagy NL, Martinez-Lemus LA, Sonkusare SK, Thakore P, Trask AJ, Watts SW, Webb RC. Guidelines for the measurement of vascular function and structure in isolated arteries and veins. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H77-H111. [PMID: 33989082 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01021.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of vascular function in isolated vessels has revealed important insights into the structural, functional, and biomechanical features of the normal and diseased cardiovascular system and has provided a molecular understanding of the cells that constitutes arteries and veins and their interaction. Further, this approach has allowed the discovery of vital pharmacological treatments for cardiovascular diseases. However, the expansion of the vascular physiology field has also brought new concerns over scientific rigor and reproducibility. Therefore, it is appropriate to set guidelines for the best practices of evaluating vascular function in isolated vessels. These guidelines are a comprehensive document detailing the best practices and pitfalls for the assessment of function in large and small arteries and veins. Herein, we bring together experts in the field of vascular physiology with the purpose of developing guidelines for evaluating ex vivo vascular function. By using this document, vascular physiologists will have consistency among methodological approaches, producing more reliable and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla F Wenceslau
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Sarah K England
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jessica A Filosa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cardiovascular Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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27
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Kutikhin AG, Feenstra L, Kostyunin AE, Yuzhalin AE, Hillebrands JL, Krenning G. Calciprotein Particles: Balancing Mineral Homeostasis and Vascular Pathology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1607-1624. [PMID: 33691479 PMCID: PMC8057528 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Kutikhin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Lian Feenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology (L.F., J.-L.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander E. Kostyunin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Arseniy E. Yuzhalin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology (L.F., J.-L.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Sulfateq B.V., Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726 GN, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.)
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28
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Goeller M, Achenbach S, Duncker H, Dey D, Marwan M. Imaging of the Pericoronary Adipose Tissue (PCAT) Using Cardiac Computed Tomography: Modern Clinical Implications. J Thorac Imaging 2021; 36:149-161. [PMID: 33875629 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the gold standard to visualize the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT). The EAT is a metabolic active fat depot enclosed by the visceral pericardium and surrounds the coronary arteries. In disease states with increased EAT volume and dysfunctional adipocytes, EAT secretes an increased amount of adipocytokines and the resulting imbalance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators potentially causes atherogenic effects on the coronary vessel wall in a paracrine way ("outside-to-inside" signaling). These EAT-induced atherogenic effects are reported to increase the risk for the development of coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, high-risk plaque features, and future major adverse cardiac events. Coronary inflammation plays a key role in the development and progression of coronary artery disease; however, its noninvasive detection remains challenging. In future, this clinical dilemma might be changed by the CTA-derived analysis of the PCAT. On the basis of the concept of an "inside-to-outside" signaling between the inflamed coronary vessel wall and the surrounding PCAT recent evidence demonstrates that PCAT computed tomography attenuation especially around the right coronary artery derived from routine CTA is a promising imaging biomarker and "sensor" to noninvasively detect coronary inflammation. This review summarizes the biological and technical principles of CTA-derived PCAT analysis and highlights its clinical implications to improve modern cardiovascular prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Goeller
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damini Dey
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohamed Marwan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Interaction between the apelinergic system and ACE2 in the cardiovascular system: therapeutic implications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2319-2336. [PMID: 32901821 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The apelinergic system is widely expressed and acts through autocrine and paracrine signaling to exert protective effects, including vasodilatory, metabolic, and inotropic effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. The apelin pathway's dominant physiological role has delineated therapeutic implications for coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF), aortic aneurysm, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and transplant vasculopathy. Apelin peptides interact with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by promoting angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transcription leading to increased ACE2 protein and activity while also antagonizing the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II). Apelin modulation of the RAS by increasing ACE2 action is limited due to its rapid degradation by proteases, including ACE2, neprilysin (NEP), and kallikrein. Apelin peptides are hence tightly regulated in a negative feedback manner by ACE2. Plasma apelin levels are suppressed in pathological conditions, but its diagnostic and prognostic utility requires further clinical exploration. Enhancing the beneficial actions of apelin peptides and ACE2 axes while complementing existing pharmacological blockade of detrimental pathways is an exciting pathway for developing new therapies. In this review, we highlight the interaction between the apelin and ACE2 systems, discuss their pathophysiological roles and potential for treating a wide array of CV diseases (CVDs).
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30
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Mazzotta C, Basu S, Gower AC, Karki S, Farb MG, Sroczynski E, Zizza E, Sarhan A, Pande AN, Walsh K, Dobrilovic N, Gokce N. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Ischemic Heart Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1239-1250. [PMID: 33504180 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing recognition that adipose tissue-derived proatherogenic mediators contribute to obesity-related cardiovascular disease. We sought to characterize regional differences in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) phenotype in relation to atherosclerosis susceptibility. Approach and Results: We examined thoracic PVAT samples in 34 subjects (body mass index 32±6 kg/m2, age 59±11 years) undergoing valvular, aortic, or coronary artery bypass graft surgeries and performed transcriptomic characterization using whole-genome expression profiling and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. We identified a highly inflamed region of PVAT surrounding the human aortic root in close proximity to coronary takeoff and adjoining epicardial fat. In subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass graft, we found 300 genes significantly upregulated (false discovery rate Q<0.1) in paired samples of PVAT surrounding the aortic root compared with nonatherosclerotic left internal mammary artery. Genes encoding proteins mechanistically implicated in atherogenesis were enriched in aortic PVAT consisting of signaling pathways linked to inflammation, WNT (wingless-related integration site) signaling, matrix remodeling, coagulation, and angiogenesis. Overexpression of several proatherogenic transcripts, including IL1β, CCL2 (MCP-1), and IL6, were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and significantly bolstered in coronary artery disease subjects. Angiographic coronary artery disease burden quantified by the Gensini score positively correlated with the expression of inflammatory genes in PVAT. Moreover, periaortic adipose inflammation was markedly higher in obese subjects with striking upregulation (≈8-fold) of IL1β expression compared to nonobese individuals. CONCLUSIONS Proatherogenic mediators that originate from dysfunctional PVAT may contribute to vascular disease mechanisms in human vessels. Moreover, PVAT may adopt detrimental properties under obese conditions that play a key role in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestina Mazzotta
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (C.M., S.B., S.K., M.G.F., E.S., E.Z., A.S., A.N.P., N.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Sanchita Basu
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (C.M., S.B., S.K., M.G.F., E.S., E.Z., A.S., A.N.P., N.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Adam C Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute (A.C.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | | | - Melissa G Farb
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (C.M., S.B., S.K., M.G.F., E.S., E.Z., A.S., A.N.P., N.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Emily Sroczynski
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (C.M., S.B., S.K., M.G.F., E.S., E.Z., A.S., A.N.P., N.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Elaina Zizza
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (C.M., S.B., S.K., M.G.F., E.S., E.Z., A.S., A.N.P., N.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Anas Sarhan
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (C.M., S.B., S.K., M.G.F., E.S., E.Z., A.S., A.N.P., N.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Ashvin N Pande
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (C.M., S.B., S.K., M.G.F., E.S., E.Z., A.S., A.N.P., N.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (K.W.)
| | - Nikola Dobrilovic
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, MA (N.D.)
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (C.M., S.B., S.K., M.G.F., E.S., E.Z., A.S., A.N.P., N.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
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31
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Chen Y, Qin Z, Wang Y, Li X, Zheng Y, Liu Y. Role of Inflammation in Vascular Disease-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:710842. [PMID: 34456867 PMCID: PMC8385491 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.710842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is the connective tissue around most blood vessels throughout the body. It provides mechanical support and maintains vascular homeostasis in a paracrine/endocrine manner. Under physiological conditions, PVAT has anti-inflammatory effects, improves free fatty acid metabolism, and regulates vasodilation. In pathological conditions, PVAT is dysfunctional, secretes many anti-vasodilator factors, and participates in vascular inflammation through various cells and mediators; thus, it causes dysfunction involving vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Inflammation is an important pathophysiological event in many vascular diseases, such as vascular aging, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Therefore, the pro-inflammatory crosstalk between PVAT and blood vessels may comprise a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. In this review, we summarize findings concerning PVAT function and inflammation in different pathophysiological backgrounds, focusing on the secretory functions of PVAT and the crosstalk between PVAT and vascular inflammation in terms of vascular aging, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other diseases. We also discuss anti-inflammatory treatment for potential vascular diseases involving PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhi Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yunxia Liu, ; Yang Zheng,
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yunxia Liu, ; Yang Zheng,
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Clinical Science Editorial 2020 - a year gone by and the year ahead. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:3233-3235. [PMID: 33313696 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As this extraordinary year, blemished by COVID-19, comes to an end, I look back as Editor-in-Chief to the many great successes and new initiatives of Clinical Science. Despite the challenges we all faced during 2020, our journal has remained strong and vibrant. While we have all adapted to new working conditions, with life very different to what it was pre-COVID-19, the one thing that remains intact and secure is the communication of scientific discoveries through peer-reviewed journals. I am delighted to share with you some of the many achievements of our journal over the past year and to highlight some exciting new activities planned for 2021.
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Carmona-Maurici J, Amigó N, Cuello E, Bermúdez M, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Pardina E. Bariatric surgery decreases oxidative stress and protein glycosylation in patients with morbid obesity. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13320. [PMID: 32535887 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that oxidative stress (OS) is a critical factor linking obesity with its associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases. AIM To evaluate the degree of OS in people with morbid obesity and its relationship with glycoproteins, determined using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, before and after bariatric surgery (BS). METHODS In this observational cohort study, plasma from 24 patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (age: 21-65 years) was used to measure metabolites implicated in OS. We measured glycoprotein (GlycA, GlycB and GlycF) areas and shape factors (H/W = height/width). RESULTS One year after BS, oxidized low-density lipoprotein had decreased by 49% (P < .0001), malondialdehyde by 32% (P = .0019) and lipoprotein (a) by 21% (P = .0039). The antioxidant enzymes paraoxonase-1 and catalase increased after BS (43%, P < .0001 and 54%, P = .0002, respectively). Superoxide dismutase-2 had fallen 1 year after BS (32%, P = .0052). After BS, both the glycoprotein areas and shape factors decreased by 20%-26%. These glycoproteins were significantly correlated with OS parameters. The plasma atherogenic index was 63% higher in obese individuals than 1 year after BS and correlated positively with glycoproteins. CONCLUSION For the first time, we here demonstrate the relationship between OS parameters and glycoproteins in people with morbid obesity. So glycoproteins could therefore be a good indicator, together with the oxidative state to assess patient prognosis after BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carmona-Maurici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab SL, Reus, Spain.,Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, DEEEA, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cuello
- Endocrinology Surgery Unit, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Marcelino Bermúdez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, Spain and Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (RedInRen. ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Julia Peinado-Onsurbe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Adipokines and Inflammation: Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207711. [PMID: 33081064 PMCID: PMC7589803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that adipose tissue, apart from its energy storage function, acts as an endocrine organ that produces and secretes a number of bioactive substances, including hormones commonly known as adipokines. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to a low grade of inflammation and the excessive fat accumulation produced in this state. The adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity leads to an aberrant release of adipokines, some of them with direct cardiovascular and inflammatory regulatory functions. Inflammation is a common link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, so this review will summarise the role of the main adipokines implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring under the scenario of cardiovascular diseases.
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Adipose biology, cardiovascular, and cardiometabolic disease: novel insights and new targets for intervention. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1473-1474. [PMID: 32579179 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose biology research has grown rapidly offering new insights into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of different body fat depots. This Thematic Collection of Clinical Science brings a well-rounded timely view of the recent development in this field. We highlight the state of the art on adipose tissue function/dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies.
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36
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Shi X, Wei YT, Li H, Jiang T, Zheng XL, Yin K, Zhao GJ. Long non-coding RNA H19 in atherosclerosis: what role? Mol Med 2020; 26:72. [PMID: 32698876 PMCID: PMC7374855 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is widely accepted to be a multistep pathophysiological process associated with several other processes such as angiogenesis and inflammatory response. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNAs (more than 200 nucleotides in length) and can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent studies suggest that lncRNA-H19 plays important roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. In this review, we primarily discuss the roles of lncRNA-H19 in atherosclerosis-related pathophysiological processes and the potential mechanisms by which lncRNA-H19 regulates the development of atherosclerosis, to help provide a better understanding of the biological functions of lncRNA-H19 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shi
- School of Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wei
- School of Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Targets and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.
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Boucher JM, Ryzhova L, Harrington A, Davis-Knowlton J, Turner JE, Cooper E, Maridas D, Ryzhov S, Rosen CJ, Vary CPH, Liaw L. Pathological Conversion of Mouse Perivascular Adipose Tissue by Notch Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2227-2243. [PMID: 32640901 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding arteries supports healthy vascular function. During obesity, PVAT loses its vasoprotective effect. We study pathological conversion of PVAT, which involves molecular changes in protein profiles and functional changes in adipocytes. Approach and Results: C57BL6/J mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 12 weeks or a cardioprotective 30% calorie-restricted diet for 5 weeks. Proteomic analysis identified PVAT as a molecularly distinct adipose depot, and novel markers for thermogenic adipocytes, such as GRP75 (stress-70 protein, mitochondrial), were identified. High-fat diet increased the similarity of protein signatures in PVAT and brown adipose, suggesting activation of a conserved whitening pathway. The whitening phenotype was characterized by suppression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) and increased lipid deposition, leptin, and inflammation, and specifically in PVAT, elevated Notch signaling. Conversely, PVAT from calorie-restricted mice had decreased Notch signaling and less lipid. Using the Adipoq-Cre strain, we constitutively activated Notch1 signaling in adipocytes, which phenocopied the changes in PVAT caused by a high-fat diet, even on a standard diet. Preadipocytes from mouse PVAT expressed Sca1, CD140a, Notch1, and Notch2, but not CD105, showing differences compared with preadipocytes from other depots. Inhibition of Notch signaling during differentiation of PVAT-derived preadipocytes reduced lipid deposition and adipocyte marker expression. CONCLUSIONS PVAT shares features with other adipose depots, but has a unique protein signature that is regulated by dietary stress. Increased Notch signaling in PVAT is sufficient to initiate the pathological conversion of PVAT by promoting adipogenesis and lipid accumulation and may thus prime the microenvironment for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Boucher
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Larisa Ryzhova
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Anne Harrington
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Jessica Davis-Knowlton
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Jacqueline E Turner
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Emily Cooper
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - David Maridas
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Lucy Liaw
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
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38
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Samuel O O. Review on multifaceted involvement of perivascular adipose tissue in vascular pathology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107259. [PMID: 32692664 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat tissue deposit that encircles the vasculature. PVAT is traditionally known to protect the vasculature from external stimuli that could cause biological stress. In addition to the protective role of PVAT, it secretes certain biologically active substances known as adipokines that induce paracrine effects on proximate blood vessels. These adipokines influence vascular tones. There are different types of PVAT and they are phenotypically and functionally distinct. These are the white and brown PVATs. Under certain conditions, white PVAT could undergo phenotypic switch to attain a brown PVAT-like phenotype. This type of PVAT is referred to as Beige PVAT. The morphology of adipose tissue is influenced by species, age, and sex. These factors play significant roles in adipose tissue mass, functionality, paracrine activity, and predisposition to vascular diseases. The difficulty that is currently experienced in extrapolating animal models to human physiology could be traceable to these factors. Up till now, the involvement of PVAT in the development of vascular pathology is still not well understood. Brown and white PVAT contribute differently to vascular pathology. Thus, the PVAT could be a therapeutic target in curbing certain vascular diseases. In this review, knowledge would be updated on the multifaceted involvement of PVAT in vascular pathology and also explore its vascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olapoju Samuel O
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardiometabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Hu S, Shao Z, Zhang C, Chen L, Mamun AA, Zhao N, Cai J, Lou Z, Wang X, Chen J. Chemerin facilitates intervertebral disc degeneration via TLR4 and CMKLR1 and activation of NF-kB signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11732-11753. [PMID: 32526705 PMCID: PMC7343479 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Now days, obesity is a major risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, adipokine, such as chemerin is a novel cytokine, which is secreted by adipose tissue, and are thought to be played major roles in various degenerative diseases. Obese individuals are known to have high concentration of serum chemerin. Our purpose was to study whether chemerin acts as a biochemical relationship between obesity, and IDD. In this study, we found that the expression level of chemerin was significantly increased in the human degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, and had higher level in the obese people than the normal people. Chemerin significantly increased the inflammatory mediator level, contributing to ECM degradation in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Furthermore, chemerin overexpression aggravates the puncture-induced IVDD progression in rats, while knockdown CMKLR1 reverses IVDD progression. Chemerin activates the NF-kB signaling pathway via its receptors CMKLR1, and TLR4 to release inflammatory mediators, which cause matrix degradation, and cell aging. These findings generally provide novel evidence supporting the causative role of obesity in IDD, which is essentially important to literally develop novel preventative or generally therapeutic treatment in the disc degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiling Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Beneficial Effects of Melatonin on Apolipoprotein-E Knockout Mice by Morphological and 18F-FDG PET/CT Assessments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082920. [PMID: 32331251 PMCID: PMC7216051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Their etiologies have been studied in recent years in order to better define therapeutic targets for intervention and to identify diagnostic methods. Two different subtypes of macrophages, M1 and M2, have been described in physiological conditions. They can also be found in the atherosclerotic process, where they both have opposite roles in disease progression. Perivascular brown adipose tissue is also involved in inflammation and endothelial damage. In this work, we provide insights into the protective role of melatonin in the atherosclerotic process by morphological and 18F-FDG-PET/CT analyses. In particular, we examined the effects of melatonin on pathways that are linked to atherosclerosis development. We showed that melatonin, by suppressing M1 activity, reduced inflammation and directed macrophage polarization toward the M2 macrophage subtype. Moreover, melatonin preserved the activity of perivascular brown adipose tissue. In addition, 18F-FDG uptake is very high in mice treated with melatonin, confirming that other factors may alter 18F-FDG distribution. In conclusion, we showed that melatonin affects inflammatory pathways that have been linked to atherosclerosis, assessed the relationships of the 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters with macrophage markers and the production of their cytokines, which that have been defined by morphological evaluations.
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Clinical Science: translating molecular bioscience and experimental research into medical insights. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:435-437. [PMID: 32107540 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this Editorial, Rhian Touyz, Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Science, reflects on how the journal has grown, highlights the journal's multidisciplinary scope and shares ambitions on exciting new aims and initiatives for the journal as we look forward.
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