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Liu S, Sui J, Luo B, Zhang J, Xiang X, Yang T, Luo Y, Liu J. Discovery of 5-(Piperidin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole Derivatives as a New Class of Human Caseinolytic Protease P Agonists for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10622-10642. [PMID: 38905539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemical agonism of human caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP) is increasingly being recognized as a potential anticancer strategy due to its critical role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. We unveil the discovery of 5-(piperidin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as a novel class of HsClpP agonists and demonstrate for the first time the application of HsClpP agonists in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Pace, A.; Pierro, P. The new era of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2009, 7 (21), 4337-4348). Compound SL44 exhibited potent HsClpP agonistic activity in the α-casein hydrolysis assay (EC50 = 1.30 μM) and inhibited the proliferation of HCCLM3 cells (IC50 = 3.1 μM, 21.4-fold higher than hit ADX-47273). Mechanistically, SL44 induces degradation of respiratory chain complex subunits and leads to apoptosis in HCC cells. In vivo results demonstrated that SL44 has potent tumor growth inhibitory activity and has a superior safety profile compared to the kinase inhibitor sorafenib. Overall, we developed a novel class of HsClpP agonists that can potentially be used for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Sui
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baozhu Luo
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangnan Zhang
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinrong Xiang
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Xu M, Li LP, He X, Lu XZ, Bi XY, Li Q, Xue XR. Metformin induction of heat shock factor 1 activation and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response alleviate cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23654. [PMID: 38717442 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400070r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure and cardiac remodeling are both characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. Healthy mitochondria are required for adequate contractile activity and appropriate regulation of cell survival. In the mammalian heart, enhancement of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is cardioprotective under pressure overload conditions. We explored the UPRmt and the underlying regulatory mechanism in terms of hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling and the cardioprotective effect of metformin. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats and angiotensin II-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used to induce cardiac hypertrophy. The results showed that hypertension induced the formation of aberrant mitochondria, characterized by a reduced mtDNA/nDNA ratio and swelling, as well as lower levels of mitochondrial complexes I to V and inhibition of the expression of one protein subunit of each of complexes I to IV. Such changes eventually enlarged cardiomyocytes and increased cardiac fibrosis. Metformin treatment increased the mtDNA/nDNA ratio and regulated the UPRmt, as indicated by increased expression of activating transcription factor 5, Lon protease 1, and heat shock protein 60, and decreased expression of C/EBP homologous protein. Thus, metformin improved mitochondrial ultrastructure and function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In vitro analyses revealed that metformin reduced the high levels of angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in such animals and stimulated nuclear translocation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Moreover, HSF1 small-interfering RNA reduced the metformin-mediated improvements in mitochondrial morphology and the UPRmt by suppressing hypertrophic signals and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These results suggest that HSF1/UPRmt signaling contributes to the beneficial effects of metformin. Metformin-mediated targeting of mitochondrial protein homeostasis and modulation of HSF1 levels have potential therapeutic implications in terms of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Northwest University Affiliated People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Peng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Northwest University Affiliated People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing-Zhu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Bi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Science and Education, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Northwest University Affiliated People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Northwest University Affiliated People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Xu X, Wang Y, Huang W, Li D, Deng Z, Long F. Structural insights into the Clp protein degradation machinery. mBio 2024; 15:e0003124. [PMID: 38501868 PMCID: PMC11005422 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00031-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Clp protease system is important for maintaining proteostasis in bacteria. It consists of ClpP serine proteases and an AAA+ Clp-ATPase such as ClpC1. The hexameric ATPase ClpC1 utilizes the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to engage, unfold, and translocate substrates into the proteolytic chamber of homo- or hetero-tetradecameric ClpP for degradation. The assembly between the hetero-tetradecameric ClpP1P2 chamber and the Clp-ATPases containing tandem ATPase domains from the same species has not been studied in depth. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of the substrate-bound ClpC1:shClpP1P2 from Streptomyces hawaiiensis, and shClpP1P2 in complex with ADEP1, a natural compound produced by S. hawaiiensis and known to cause over-activation and dysregulation of the ClpP proteolytic core chamber. Our structures provide detailed information on the shClpP1-shClpP2, shClpP2-ClpC1, and ADEP1-shClpP1/P2 interactions, reveal conformational transition of ClpC1 during the substrate translocation, and capture a rotational ATP hydrolysis mechanism likely dominated by the D1 ATPase activity of chaperones.IMPORTANCEThe Clp-dependent proteolysis plays an important role in bacterial homeostasis and pathogenesis. The ClpP protease system is an effective drug target for antibacterial therapy. Streptomyces hawaiiensis can produce a class of potent acyldepsipeptide antibiotics such as ADEP1, which could affect the ClpP protease activity. Although S. hawaiiensis hosts one of the most intricate ClpP systems in nature, very little was known about its Clp protease mechanism and the impact of ADEP molecules on ClpP. The significance of our research is in dissecting the functional mechanism of the assembled Clp degradation machinery, as well as the interaction between ADEP1 and the ClpP proteolytic chamber, by solving high-resolution structures of the substrate-bound Clp system in S. hawaiiensis. The findings shed light on our understanding of the Clp-dependent proteolysis in bacteria, which will enhance the development of antimicrobial drugs targeting the Clp protease system, and help fighting against bacterial multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Cryo-EM Center and the Core Facility of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Dow LF, Case AM, Paustian MP, Pinkerton BR, Simeon P, Trippier PC. The evolution of small molecule enzyme activators. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2206-2230. [PMID: 37974956 PMCID: PMC10650962 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a myriad of enzymes within the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis by providing the means to convert substrates to products as and when required. Physiological enzymes are tightly controlled by many signaling pathways and their products subsequently control other pathways. Traditionally, most drug discovery efforts focus on identifying enzyme inhibitors, due to upregulation being prevalent in many diseases and the existence of endogenous substrates that can be modified to afford inhibitor compounds. As enzyme downregulation and reduction of endogenous activators are observed in multiple diseases, the identification of small molecules with the ability to activate enzymes has recently entered the medicinal chemistry toolbox to afford chemical probes and potential therapeutics as an alternative means to intervene in diseases. In this review we highlight the progress made in the identification and advancement of non-kinase enzyme activators and their potential in treating various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Dow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Alfie M Case
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Megan P Paustian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Braeden R Pinkerton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Princess Simeon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
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5
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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Cui X, Liu H, Shi T, Zhao Q, Li F, Lv W, Yu C, Huang H, Tang QQ, Pan D. IFI27 Integrates Succinate and Fatty Acid Oxidation to Promote Adipocyte Thermogenic Adaption. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301855. [PMID: 37544897 PMCID: PMC10558685 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the pivot organelles to control metabolism and energy homeostasis. The capacity of mitochondrial metabolic adaptions to cold stress is essential for adipocyte thermogenesis. How brown adipocytes keep mitochondrial fitness upon a challenge of cold-induced oxidative stress has not been well characterized. This manuscript shows that IFI27 plays an important role in cristae morphogenesis, keeping intact succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) function and active fatty acid oxidation to sustain thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. IFI27 protein interaction map identifies SDHB and HADHA as its binding partners. IFI27 physically links SDHB to chaperone TNF receptor associated protein 1 (TRAP1), which shields SDHB from oxidative damage-triggered degradation. Moreover, IFI27 increases hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha (HADHA) catalytic activity in β-oxidation pathway. The reduced SDH level and fatty acid oxidation in Ifi27-knockout brown fat results in impaired oxygen consumption and defective thermogenesis. Thus, IFI27 is a novel regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongning Pan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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7
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Wang K, Zhou L, Mao H, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhang L. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer alleviates pyroptosis in dental pulp damage. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13442. [PMID: 37086012 PMCID: PMC10472516 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transfer is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for tissue repair, but whether it protects against pulpitis remains unclear. Here, we show that hyperactivated nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes with pyroptotic cell death was present in pulpitis tissues, especially in the odontoblast layer, and mitochondrial oxidative stress (OS) was involved in driving this NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pathology. Using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as mitochondrial donor cells, we demonstrated that BMSCs could donate their mitochondria to odontoblasts via tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) and, thus, reduce mitochondrial OS and the consequent NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in odontoblasts. These protective effects of BMSCs were mostly blocked by inhibitors of the mitochondrial function or TNT formation. In terms of the mechanism of action, TNF-α secreted from pyroptotic odontoblasts activates NF-κB signalling in BMSCs via the paracrine pathway, thereby promoting the TNT formation in BMSCs and enhancing mitochondrial transfer efficiency. Inhibitions of NF-κB signalling and TNF-α secretion in BMSCs suppressed their mitochondrial donation capacity and TNT formation. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer is a potential protective mechanism of BMSCs under stress conditions, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy of mitochondrial transfer for dental pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konghuai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lu Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hanqing Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiayi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Liu J, Li X, Yang K, Yang D, Liu Y, Sun L, Liu F, Xiao L. ATF5 regulates tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease via mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Mol Med 2023; 29:57. [PMID: 37095454 PMCID: PMC10127323 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a critical role in the progression of tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is an important MQC process, is activated to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis in response to mitochondrial stress. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is critical in the mammalian UPRmt via mitochondria-nuclear translocation. However, the role of ATF5 and UPRmt in tubular injury under DKD conditions is unknown. METHODS ATF5 and UPRmt-related proteins including heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and Lon peptidase 1 (LONP1), in DKD patients and db/db mice were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Eight-week-old db/db mice were injected with ATF5-shRNA lentiviruses via the tail vein, and a negative lentivirus was used as a control. The mice were euthanized at 12 weeks, and dihydroethidium (DHE) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in kidney sections, respectively. In vitro, ATF5-siRNA, ATF5 overexpression plasmids or HSP60-siRNA were transfected into HK-2 cells to evaluate the effect of ATF5 and HSP60 on tubular injury under ambient hyperglycemic conditions. Mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) staining was used to gauge mitochondrial oxidative stress levels, and the early stage of cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC kits. RESULTS Increased ATF5, HSP60 and LONP1 expression was observed in the kidney tissue of DKD patients and db/db mice and was tightly correlated with tubular damage. The inhibition of HSP60 and LONP1, improvements in serum creatinine, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and apoptosis were observed in db/db mice treated with lentiviruses carrying ATF5 shRNA. In vitro, the expression of ATF5 was increased in HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose (HG) in a time-dependent manner, which was accompanied by the overexpression of HSP60, fibronectin (FN) and cleaved-caspase3 (C-CAS3). ATF5-siRNA transfection inhibited the expression of HSP60 and LONP1, which was accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HK-2 cells exposed to sustained exogenous high glucose. ATF5 overexpression exacerbated these impairments. HSP60-siRNA transfection blocked the effect of ATF5 on HK-2 cells exposed to continuous HG treatment. Interestingly, ATF5 inhibition exacerbated mitochondrial ROS levels and apoptosis in HK-2 cells in the early period of HG intervention (6 h). CONCLUSIONS ATF5 could exert a protective effect in a very early stage but promoted tubulointerstitial injury by regulating HSP60 and the UPRmt pathway under DKD conditions, providing a potential target for the prevention of DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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9
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Mabanglo MF, Wong KS, Barghash MM, Leung E, Chuang SHW, Ardalan A, Majaesic EM, Wong CJ, Zhang S, Lang H, Karanewsky DS, Iwanowicz AA, Graves LM, Iwanowicz EJ, Gingras AC, Houry WA. Potent ClpP agonists with anticancer properties bind with improved structural complementarity and alter the mitochondrial N-terminome. Structure 2023; 31:185-200.e10. [PMID: 36586405 PMCID: PMC9898158 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ClpP protease is responsible for mitochondrial protein quality control through specific degradation of proteins involved in several metabolic processes. ClpP overexpression is also required in many cancer cells to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-damaged proteins and to sustain oncogenesis. Targeting ClpP to dysregulate its function using small-molecule agonists is a recent strategy in cancer therapy. Here, we synthesized imipridone-derived compounds and related chemicals, which we characterized using biochemical, biophysical, and cellular studies. Using X-ray crystallography, we found that these compounds have enhanced binding affinities due to their greater shape and charge complementarity with the surface hydrophobic pockets of ClpP. N-terminome profiling of cancer cells upon treatment with one of these compounds revealed the global proteomic changes that arise and identified the structural motifs preferred for protein cleavage by compound-activated ClpP. Together, our studies provide the structural and molecular basis by which dysregulated ClpP affects cancer cell viability and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Mabanglo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Keith S Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Marim M Barghash
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Elisa Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | | | - Afshan Ardalan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Emily M Majaesic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Cassandra J Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Shen Zhang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Henk Lang
- Madera Therapeutics LLC, Cary, NC 27513, USA
| | | | | | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Walid A Houry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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10
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Wang C, Liu X, Shu Z, Yin J, Xiao M, Ai Y, Zhao P, Luo Z, Liu B. Exposure to automobile exhaust-derived PM2.5 induces spermatogenesis dysfunction by damaging UPR mt of prepubertal rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114087. [PMID: 36122457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Automobile exhaust-derived particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) can cause spermatogenic cell damage, potentially resulting in male infertility. This study uses male prepubertal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats to explore the molecular mechanisms by which automobile exhaust-derived PM2.5 causes spermatogenic cell damage and induces spermatogenesis dysfunction during sexual maturity by disrupting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in spermatogenic cells. Male prepubertal SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (intratracheal instillation of normal saline), low-dose PM2.5 (5 mg/kg), high-dose PM2.5 (10 mg/kg), and PM2.5 10 mg/kg +Vit (100 mg/kg of vitamin C and 50 mg/kg of vitamin E). The rats were treated for four weeks, with five consecutive treatment days and two non-treatment days, followed by cohabitation. Testicular and epididymal tissues were harvested for analysis. The mitochondria in spermatogenic cells were observed under an electron microscope. UPRmt-, oxidative stress-, and apoptosis-related markers in spermatogenic cells were examined. Spermatogenic cell numbers and conception rate declined significantly with increasing PM2.5 dose, with their mitochondria becoming vacuolated, swollen, and degenerated to varying degrees. The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was abnormally enhanced in PM2.5 exposed groups compared to the control group. Spermatogenic cell numbers of conception rate gradually recovered, mitochondrial damage in spermatogenic cells was alleviated, and spermatogenic cell apoptosis was significantly reduced after vitamin intervention. In addition, protein levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were significantly lower, while those of Bcl2-associated X apoptosis regulator (Bax), cleaved caspase 3 (Casp3), and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the high-dose PM2.5 group than in the control group. The levels of UPRmt-related proteins C/EBP homologous protein (Chop), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), and activating transcription factors 4 (Atf4) and 5 (Atf5) were higher in the low-dose PM2.5 group, lower in the high-dose PM2.5 group, and gradually recovered in PM2.5 10 mg/kg +Vit group. Our results show that exposure to automobile exhaust-derived PM2.5 induces oxidative stress responses, leads to post-sexual maturation UPRmt dysfunction and mitochondrial impairment, and abnormally enhances spermatogenic cell apoptosis in prepubertal rats, resulting in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Wang
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhen Shu
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mingchen Xiao
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yaya Ai
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
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11
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Choi SE, Hwang Y, Lee SJ, Jung H, Shin TH, Son Y, Park S, Han SJ, Kim HJ, Lee KW, Lee G, Kemper JK, Song HK, Kang Y. Mitochondrial protease ClpP supplementation ameliorates diet-induced NASH in mice. J Hepatol 2022; 77:735-747. [PMID: 35421426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a pathogenic linker in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Inappropriate mitochondrial protein-quality control, possibly induced by insufficiency of the mitochondrial matrix caseinolytic protease P (ClpP), can potentially cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Herein, we aimed to investigate hepatic ClpP levels in a diet-induced model of NASH and determine whether supplementation of ClpP can ameliorate diet-induced NASH. METHODS NASH was induced by a high-fat/high-fructose (HF/HFr) diet in C57BL/6J mice. Stress/inflammatory signals were induced in mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs) by treatment with palmitate/oleate (PA/OA). ClpP levels in hepatocytes were reduced using the RNAi-mediated gene knockdown technique but increased through the viral transduction of ClpP. ClpP activation was induced by administering a chemical activator of ClpP. RESULTS Hepatic ClpP protein levels in C57BL/6J mice fed a HF/HFr diet were lower than the levels in those fed a normal chow diet. PA/OA treatment also decreased the ClpP protein levels in MPHs. Overexpression or activation of ClpP reversed PA/OA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and stress/inflammatory signal activation in MPHs, whereas ClpP knockdown induced mitochondrial dysfunction and stress/inflammatory signals in these cells. On the other hand, ClpP overexpression or activation improved HF/HFr-induced NASH characteristics such as hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and injury in the C57BL/6J mice, whereas ClpP knockdown further augmented steatohepatitis in mice fed a HF/HFr diet. CONCLUSIONS Reduced ClpP expression and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction are key to the development of diet-induced NASH. ClpP supplementation through viral transduction or chemical activation represents a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent diet-induced NASH. LAY SUMMARY Western diets, containing high fat and high fructose, often induce non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered pathogenically linked to diet-induced NASH. We observed that the mitochondrial protease ClpP decreased in the livers of mice fed a western diet and supplementation of ClpP ameliorated western diet-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Yoonjung Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Hyunkyung Jung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 61801
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Youngho Son
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749; Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Seokho Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749; Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Kwan Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749
| | - Jongsook Kim Kemper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 61801
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 136-701
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea 443-749.
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12
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Kudzhaev AM, Andrianova AG, Gustchina AE, Smirnov IV, Rotanova TV. ATP-Dependent Lon Proteases in the Cellular Protein Quality Control System. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Vega M, Castillo D, de Cubas L, Wang Y, Huang Y, Hidalgo E, Cabrera M. Antagonistic effects of mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space proteases on yeast aging. BMC Biol 2022; 20:160. [PMID: 35820914 PMCID: PMC9277893 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In many organisms, aging is characterized by a loss of mitochondrial homeostasis. Multiple factors such as respiratory metabolism, mitochondrial fusion/fission, or mitophagy have been linked to cell longevity, but the exact impact of each one on the aging process is still unclear. Results Using the deletion mutant collection of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we have developed a genome-wide screening for mutants with altered chronological lifespan. We have identified four mutants associated with proteolysis at the mitochondria that exhibit opposite effects on longevity. The analysis of the respiratory activity of these mutants revealed a positive correlation between increased respiration rate and prolonged lifespan. We also found that the phenotype of the long-lived protease mutants could not be explained by impaired mitochondrial fusion/fission activities, but it was dependent on mitophagy induction. The anti-aging role of mitophagy was supported by the effect of a mutant defective in degradation of mitochondria, which shortened lifespan of the long-lived mutants. Conclusions Our characterization of the mitochondrial protease mutants demonstrates that mitophagy sustains the lifespan extension of long-lived mutants displaying a higher respiration potential. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01352-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Vega
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura de Cubas
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yirong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Cabrera
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Biology, Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Mabanglo MF, Houry WA. Recent structural insights into the mechanism of ClpP protease regulation by AAA+ chaperones and small molecules. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101781. [PMID: 35245501 PMCID: PMC9035409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ClpP is a highly conserved serine protease that is a critical enzyme in maintaining protein homeostasis and is an important drug target in pathogenic bacteria and various cancers. In its functional form, ClpP is a self-compartmentalizing protease composed of two stacked heptameric rings that allow protein degradation to occur within the catalytic chamber. ATPase chaperones such as ClpX and ClpA are hexameric ATPases that form larger complexes with ClpP and are responsible for the selection and unfolding of protein substrates prior to their degradation by ClpP. Although individual structures of ClpP and ATPase chaperones have offered mechanistic insights into their function and regulation, their structures together as a complex have only been recently determined to high resolution. Here, we discuss the cryoelectron microscopy structures of ClpP-ATPase complexes and describe findings previously inaccessible from individual Clp structures, including how a hexameric ATPase and a tetradecameric ClpP protease work together in a functional complex. We then discuss the consensus mechanism for substrate unfolding and translocation derived from these structures, consider alternative mechanisms, and present their strengths and limitations. Finally, new insights into the allosteric control of ClpP gained from studies using small molecules and gain or loss-of-function mutations are explored. Overall, this review aims to underscore the multilayered regulation of ClpP that may present novel ideas for structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Mabanglo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walid A Houry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Chojnacka KJ, Elancheliyan P, Mussulini BHM, Mohanraj K, Callegari S, Gosk A, Banach T, Góral T, Szczepanowska K, Rehling P, Serwa RA, Chacińska A. Ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen-like protein 2 (OCIAD2) is a novel complex III specific assembly factor in mitochondria. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar29. [PMID: 35080992 PMCID: PMC9250361 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-03-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of the dimeric complex III (CIII2) in the mitochondrial inner membrane is an intricate process in which several accessory proteins are involved as assembly factors. Despite numerous studies, this process has yet to be fully understood. Here we report the identification of human OCIAD2 (ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen–like protein 2) as an assembly factor for CIII2. OCIAD2 was found to be deregulated in several carcinomas and also in some neurogenerative disorders; however, its nonpathological role had not been elucidated. We have shown that OCIAD2 localizes to mitochondria and interacts with electron transport chain (ETC) proteins. Complete loss of OCIAD2 using gene editing in HEK293 cells resulted in abnormal mitochondrial morphology, a substantial decrease of both CIII2 and supercomplex III2+IV, and a reduction in CIII enzymatic activity. Identification of OCIAD2 as a protein required for assembly of functional CIII2 provides a new insight into the biogenesis and architecture of the ETC. Elucidating the mechanism of OCIAD2 action is important both for the understanding of cellular metabolism and for an understanding of its role in malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karthik Mohanraj
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Gosk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banach
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Szczepanowska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Remigiusz Adam Serwa
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chacińska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Honokiol improves cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice through activating mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109741. [PMID: 34752757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activated mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has been reported to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction, which is closely related to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Honokiol (HKL, C18H18O2) is a kind of natural extraction from bark of Magnolia officinalis with anti-AD effect, and our study aims to explore the effect of HKL on mitophagy and UPRmt in AD. Briefly, male APP/PS1 mice and Aβ oligmer (AβO)-treated primary hippocampal neurons were respectively used to mimic AD in vivo and in vitro. It was determined that HKL significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment and synaptic damages in APP/PS1 mice. Besides, the activated mitophagy and UPRmt together with inhibited oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial dynamic disorder were further validated in hippocampus of HKL-treated APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, HKL-treated mice displayed much higher hippocampal expression and activity of mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Therefore, SIRT3 knockdown was further achieved in primary hippocampal neurons by effective shRNA, and we determined that HKL improved synaptic damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy and UPRmt in AβO-treated primary hippocampal neurons in a SIRT3-dependent manner. In summary, our study validates the protective effect of HKL on AD, and highlights that HKL exerts anti-AD effect by activating mitophagy and UPRmt.
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17
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Demasi M, Augusto O, Bechara EJH, Bicev RN, Cerqueira FM, da Cunha FM, Denicola A, Gomes F, Miyamoto S, Netto LES, Randall LM, Stevani CV, Thomson L. Oxidative Modification of Proteins: From Damage to Catalysis, Signaling, and Beyond. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1016-1080. [PMID: 33726509 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The systematic investigation of oxidative modification of proteins by reactive oxygen species started in 1980. Later, it was shown that reactive nitrogen species could also modify proteins. Some protein oxidative modifications promote loss of protein function, cleavage or aggregation, and some result in proteo-toxicity and cellular homeostasis disruption. Recent Advances: Previously, protein oxidation was associated exclusively to damage. However, not all oxidative modifications are necessarily associated with damage, as with Met and Cys protein residue oxidation. In these cases, redox state changes can alter protein structure, catalytic function, and signaling processes in response to metabolic and/or environmental alterations. This review aims to integrate the present knowledge on redox modifications of proteins with their fate and role in redox signaling and human pathological conditions. Critical Issues: It is hypothesized that protein oxidation participates in the development and progression of many pathological conditions. However, no quantitative data have been correlated with specific oxidized proteins or the progression or severity of pathological conditions. Hence, the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying these modifications, their importance in human pathologies, and the fate of the modified proteins is of clinical relevance. Future Directions: We discuss new tools to cope with protein oxidation and suggest new approaches for integrating knowledge about protein oxidation and redox processes with human pathophysiological conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1016-1080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N Bicev
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Cerqueira
- CENTD, Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lía M Randall
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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18
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Bian J, Zhang D, Wang Y, Qin H, Yang W, Cui R, Sheng J. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:713721. [PMID: 34589426 PMCID: PMC8473831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.713721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by modifying processes including but not limited to redox homeostasis, metabolism, and the cell death pathway. These processes depend on the health status of the mitochondria. Quality control processes in mitochondria can repair or eliminate “unhealthy mitochondria” at the molecular, organelle, or cellular level and form an efficient integrated network that plays an important role in HCC tumorigenesis, patient survival, and tumor progression. Here, we review the influence of mitochondria on the biological behavior of HCC. Based on this information, we further highlight the need for determining the role and mechanism of interaction between different levels of mitochondrial quality control in regulating HCC occurrence and progression as well as resistance development. This information may lead to the development of precision medicine approaches against targets involved in various mitochondrial quality control-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinda Bian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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19
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HSP60 Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Human Ovarian Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6610529. [PMID: 34557266 PMCID: PMC8452972 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6610529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that cancer is an oxidative stress-related disease, and oxidative stress is closely linked with heat shock proteins (HSPs). Lipid oxidative stress is derived from lipid metabolism dysregulation that is closely associated with the development and progression of malignancies. This study sought to investigate regulatory roles of HSPs in fatty acid metabolism abnormality in ovarian cancer. Pathway network analysis of 5115 mitochondrial expressed proteins in ovarian cancer revealed various lipid metabolism pathway alterations, including fatty acid degradation, fatty acid metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. HSP60 regulated the expressions of lipid metabolism proteins in these lipid metabolism pathways, including ADH5, ECHS1, EHHADH, HIBCH, SREBP1, ACC1, and ALDH2. Further, interfering HSP60 expression inhibited migration, proliferation, and cell cycle and induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. In addition, mitochondrial phosphoproteomics and immunoprecipitation-western blot experiments identified and confirmed that phosphorylation occurred at residue Ser70 in protein HSP60, which might regulate protein folding of ALDH2 and ACADS in ovarian cancers. These findings clearly demonstrated that lipid metabolism abnormality occurred in oxidative stress-related ovarian cancer and that HSP60 and its phosphorylation might regulate this lipid metabolism abnormality in ovarian cancer. It opens a novel vision in the lipid metabolism reprogramming in human ovarian cancer.
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20
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Proteomic analysis demonstrates the role of the quality control protease LONP1 in mitochondrial protein aggregation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101134. [PMID: 34461102 PMCID: PMC8503632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial matrix protease LONP1 is an essential part of the organellar protein quality control system. LONP1 has been shown to be involved in respiration control and apoptosis. Furthermore, a reduction in LONP1 level correlates with aging. Up to now, the effects of a LONP1 defect were mostly studied by utilizing transient, siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches. We generated a new cellular model system for studying the impact of LONP1 on mitochondrial protein homeostasis by a CRISPR/Cas-mediated genetic knockdown (gKD). These cells showed a stable reduction of LONP1 along with a mild phenotype characterized by absent morphological differences and only small negative effects on mitochondrial functions under normal culture conditions. To assess the consequences of a permanent LONP1 depletion on the mitochondrial proteome, we analyzed the alterations of protein levels by quantitative mass spectrometry, demonstrating small adaptive changes, in particular with respect to mitochondrial protein biogenesis. In an additional proteomic analysis, we determined the temperature-dependent aggregation behavior of mitochondrial proteins and its dependence on a reduction of LONP1 activity, demonstrating the important role of the protease for mitochondrial protein homeostasis in mammalian cells. We identified a significant number of mitochondrial proteins that are affected by a reduced LONP1 activity especially with respect to their stress-induced solubility. Taken together, our results suggest a very good applicability of the LONP1 gKD cell line as a model system for human aging processes.
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21
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Mabanglo MF, Bhandari V, Houry WA. Substrates and interactors of the ClpP protease in the mitochondria. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 66:102078. [PMID: 34446368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ClpP protease is found across eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is well-characterized in bacteria where its function is important in maintaining protein homeostasis. Along with its ATPase partners, it has been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of enzymes involved in important cellular pathways. In eukaryotes, ClpP is found within cellular organelles. Proteomic studies have begun to characterize the role of this protease in the mitochondria through its interactions. Here, we discuss the proteomic techniques used to identify its interactors and present an atlas of mitochondrial ClpP substrates. The ClpP substrate pool is extensive and consists of proteins involved in essential mitochondrial processes such as the Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, translation, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Discoveries of these associations have begun to illustrate the functional significance of ClpP in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Mabanglo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Vaibhav Bhandari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Walid A Houry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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22
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Montioli R, Sgaravizzi G, Desbats MA, Grottelli S, Voltattorni CB, Salviati L, Cellini B. Molecular and Cellular Studies Reveal Folding Defects of Human Ornithine Aminotransferase Variants Associated With Gyrate Atrophy of the Choroid and Retina. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:695205. [PMID: 34395527 PMCID: PMC8360850 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.695205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The deficit of human ornithine aminotransferase (hOAT) is responsible for gyrate atrophy (GA), a rare recessive inherited disorder. Although more than 60 disease-associated mutations have been identified to date, the molecular mechanisms explaining how each mutation leads to the deficit of OAT are mostly unknown. To fill this gap, we considered six representative missense mutations present in homozygous patients concerning residues spread over the hOAT structure. E. coli expression, spectroscopic, kinetic and bioinformatic analyses, reveal that the R154L and G237D mutations induce a catalytic more than a folding defect, the Q90E and R271K mutations mainly impact folding efficiency, while the E318K and C394Y mutations give rise to both folding and catalytic defects. In a human cellular model of disease folding-defective variants, although at a different extent, display reduced protein levels and/or specific activity, due to increased aggregation and/or degradation propensity. The supplementation with Vitamin B6, to mimic a treatment strategy available for GA patients, does not significantly improve the expression/activity of folding-defective variants, in contrast with the clinical responsiveness of patients bearing the E318K mutation. Thus, we speculate that the action of vitamin B6 could be also independent of hOAT. Overall, these data represent a further effort toward a comprehensive analysis of GA pathogenesis at molecular and cellular level, with important relapses for the improvement of genotype/phenotype correlations and the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Montioli
- Section of Biological Chemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Sgaravizzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Section of Biological Chemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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23
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Gu LF, Chen JQ, Lin QY, Yang YZ. Roles of mitochondrial unfolded protein response in mammalian stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:737-752. [PMID: 34367475 PMCID: PMC8316864 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive mechanism for improving cell survival under mitochondrial stress. Under physiological and pathological conditions, the UPRmt is the key to maintaining intracellular homeostasis and proteostasis. Important roles of the UPRmt have been demonstrated in a variety of cell types and in cell development, metabolism, and immune processes. UPRmt dysfunction leads to a variety of pathologies, including cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative disease, metabolic disease, and immune disease. Stem cells have a special ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of somatic cells and have been shown to exist in a variety of tissues. These cells are involved in development, tissue renewal, and some disease processes. Although the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the UPRmt in somatic cells have been widely reported, the roles of the UPRmt in stem cells are not fully understood. The roles and functions of the UPRmt depend on stem cell type. Therefore, this paper summarizes the potential significance of the UPRmt in embryonic stem cells, tissue stem cells, tumor stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights into stem cell differentiation and tumor pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qing-Yin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China,
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24
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Gutiérrez Cortés N, Pertuiset C, Dumon E, Börlin M, Da Costa B, Le Guédard M, Stojkovic T, Loundon N, Rouillon I, Nadjar Y, Letellier T, Jonard L, Marlin S, Rocher C. Mutation m.3395A > G in MT-ND1 leads to variable pathologic manifestations. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:980-989. [PMID: 32011699 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-synonymous mtDNA mutation, m.3395A > G, which changes tyrosine in position 30 to cysteine in p.MT-ND1, was found in several patients with a wide range of clinical phenotypes such as deafness, diabetes and cerebellar syndrome but no Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Although this mutation has already been described, its pathogenicity has not been demonstrated. Here, it was found isolated for the first time, allowing a study to investigate its pathogenicity. To do so, we constructed cybrid cell lines and carried out a functional study to assess the possible consequences of the mutation on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Results obtained demonstrated that this mutation causes an important dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with a decrease in both activity and quantity of complex I due to a diminution of p.MT-ND1 quantity. However, no subcomplexes were found in cybrids carrying the mutation, indicating that the quality of the complex I assembly is not affected. Moreover, based on the crystal structure of p.MT-ND1 and the data found in the literature, we propose a hypothesis for the mechanism of the degradation of p.MT-ND1. Our study provides new insights into the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases and in particular of MT-ND1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gutiérrez Cortés
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Pertuiset
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Dumon
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Börlin
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Da Costa
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marina Le Guédard
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS UMR 5200, Université de Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,LEB Aquitaine Transfert-ADERA, FR-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- APHP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Ile de France Nord Est, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Natalie Loundon
- Otorhinolaryngologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rouillon
- Otorhinolaryngologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nadjar
- Neurologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Letellier
- Equipe de Médecine Evolutive, AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Jonard
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rocher
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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25
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Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling increases during doxycycline-induced mitochondrial stress in HeLa cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:657. [PMID: 34183648 PMCID: PMC8238934 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular organelles communicate with each other to regulate function and coordinate responses to changing cellular conditions. The physical-functional coupling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with mitochondria allows for the direct transfer of Ca2+ between organelles and is an important avenue for rapidly increasing mitochondrial metabolic activity. As such, increasing ER-mitochondrial coupling can boost the generation of ATP that is needed to restore homeostasis in the face of cellular stress. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) is activated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in mitochondria. Retrograde signaling from mitochondria to the nucleus promotes mtUPR transcriptional responses aimed at restoring protein homeostasis. It is currently unknown whether the changes in mitochondrial-ER coupling also play a role during mtUPR stress. We hypothesized that mitochondrial stress favors an expansion of functional contacts between mitochondria and ER, thereby increasing mitochondrial metabolism as part of a protective response. Hela cells were treated with doxycycline, an antibiotic that inhibits the translation of mitochondrial-encoded proteins to create protein disequilibrium. Treatment with doxycycline decreased the abundance of mitochondrial encoded proteins while increasing expression of CHOP, C/EBPβ, ClpP, and mtHsp60, markers of the mtUPR. There was no change in either mitophagic activity or cell viability. Furthermore, ER UPR was not activated, suggesting focused activation of the mtUPR. Within 2 h of doxycycline treatment, there was a significant increase in physical contacts between mitochondria and ER that was distributed throughout the cell, along with an increase in the kinetics of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This was followed by the rise in the rate of oxygen consumption at 4 h, indicating a boost in mitochondrial metabolic activity. In conclusion, an early phase of the response to doxycycline-induced mitochondrial stress is an increase in mitochondrial-ER coupling that potentiates mitochondrial metabolic activity as a means to support subsequent steps in the mtUPR pathway and sustain cellular adaptation.
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26
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Feng Y, Nouri K, Schimmer AD. Mitochondrial ATP-Dependent Proteases-Biological Function and Potential Anti-Cancer Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2020. [PMID: 33922062 PMCID: PMC8122244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells must eliminate excess or damaged proteins to maintain protein homeostasis. To ensure protein homeostasis in the cytoplasm, cells rely on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. In the mitochondria, protein homeostasis is regulated by mitochondria proteases, including four core ATP-dependent proteases, m-AAA, i-AAA, LonP, and ClpXP, located in the mitochondrial membrane and matrix. This review will discuss the function of mitochondrial proteases, with a focus on ClpXP as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of malignancy. ClpXP maintains the integrity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and regulates metabolism by degrading damaged and misfolded mitochondrial proteins. Inhibiting ClpXP genetically or chemically impairs oxidative phosphorylation and is toxic to malignant cells with high ClpXP expression. Likewise, hyperactivating the protease leads to increased degradation of ClpXP substrates and kills cancer cells. Thus, targeting ClpXP through inhibition or hyperactivation may be novel approaches for patients with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.F.); (K.N.)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kazem Nouri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.F.); (K.N.)
| | - Aaron D. Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.F.); (K.N.)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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27
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Chang X, Zhang T, Liu D, Meng Q, Yan P, Luo D, Wang X, Zhou X. Puerarin Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress Injury in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells through Mitochondrial Quality Control. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6659240. [PMID: 33728025 PMCID: PMC7937474 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6659240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is closely associated with the inflammatory reaction of vascular endothelial cells. Puerarin (Pue), the main active component isolated from the rhizome of Pueraria lobata, is an isoflavone compound with potent antioxidant properties. Although Pue exhibits promising antiatherosclerotic pharmacological effects, only a few studies have reported its protective effect on endothelial cells. This study found that Pue could partly regulate mitochondrial function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and reduce or inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress injury in HUVECs, likely via mitochondrial quality control. Furthermore, the protective effect of Pue on HUVECs was closely related to the SIRT-1 signaling pathway. Pue increased autophagy and mitochondrial antioxidant potential via increased SIRT-1 expression, reducing excessive production of ROS and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress injury. Therefore, Pue may improve mitochondrial respiratory function and energy metabolism, increasing the vulnerability of HUVECs to an inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Institute of the History of Chinese Medicine and Medical Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Meng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peizheng Yan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Duosheng Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Business Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - XiuTeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Luo B, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhang N, Luo Y. Human ClpP protease, a promising therapy target for diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:968-981. [PMID: 33460621 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP), an ATP-dependent unfolding peptidase protein in the mitochondrial matrix, controls protein quality, regulates mitochondrial metabolism, and maintains the integrity and enzyme activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC). Studies show that abnormalities in HsClpP lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and various human diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure and biological function of HsClpP, and the involvement of its dysexpression or mutation in mitochondria for a panel of important human diseases. We also summarize the structural types and binding modes of known HsClpP modulators. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of HsClpP targeting as promising approach for the treatment of human diseases of mitochondrial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Luo
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Radiation therapy and chemotherapy for gynecological cancer, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - YuanZheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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29
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Nouri K, Feng Y, Schimmer AD. Mitochondrial ClpP serine protease-biological function and emerging target for cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:841. [PMID: 33037181 PMCID: PMC7547079 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ClpP is a serine protease located in the mitochondrial matrix. This protease participates in mitochondrial protein quality control by degrading misfolded or damaged proteins, thus maintaining normal metabolic function. Mitochondrial ClpP is a stable heptamer ring with peptidase activity that forms a multimeric complex with the ATP-dependent unfoldase ClpX (ClpXP) leading to proteolytic activity. Emerging evidence demonstrates that ClpXP is over-expressed in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors and is necessary for the viability of a subset of tumors. In addition, both inhibition and hyperactivation of ClpXP leads to impaired respiratory chain activity and causes cell death in cancer cells. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial ClpXP could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignancy. Here, we review the structure and function of mitochondrial ClpXP as well as strategies to target this enzyme complex as a novel therapeutic approach for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Nouri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yue Feng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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30
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Yang J, Wang Q, Feng G, Zeng M. Significance of Selective Protein Degradation in the Development of Novel Targeted Drugs and Its Implications in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Guo‐Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Mu‐Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
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31
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Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113820. [PMID: 32481479 PMCID: PMC7312649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes is an intricate process, which—given their dual-genetic control—requires tight co-regulation of two evolutionarily distinct gene expression machineries. Moreover, fine-tuning protein synthesis to the nascent assembly of OXPHOS complexes requires regulatory mechanisms such as translational plasticity and translational activators that can coordinate mitochondrial translation with the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The intricacy of OXPHOS complex biogenesis is further evidenced by the requirement of many tightly orchestrated steps and ancillary factors. Early-stage ancillary chaperones have essential roles in coordinating OXPHOS assembly, whilst late-stage assembly factors—also known as the LYRM (leucine–tyrosine–arginine motif) proteins—together with the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP)—regulate the incorporation and activation of late-incorporating OXPHOS subunits and/or co-factors. In this review, we describe recent discoveries providing insights into the mechanisms required for optimal OXPHOS biogenesis, including the coordination of mitochondrial gene expression with the availability of nuclear-encoded factors entering via mitochondrial protein import systems.
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32
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Shen G, Liu W, Xu L, Wang LL. Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Its Roles in Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:627-637. [PMID: 32070227 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerong Shen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Prosthetics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lvwan Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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33
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Metzger MB, Scales JL, Dunklebarger MF, Loncarek J, Weissman AM. A protein quality control pathway at the mitochondrial outer membrane. eLife 2020; 9:51065. [PMID: 32118579 PMCID: PMC7136024 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the essential functions of mitochondria requires mechanisms to recognize and remove misfolded proteins. However, quality control (QC) pathways for misfolded mitochondrial proteins remain poorly defined. Here, we establish temperature-sensitive (ts-) peripheral mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) proteins as novel model QC substrates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ts- proteins sen2-1HAts and sam35-2HAts are degraded from the MOM by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ubiquitination of sen2-1HAts is mediated by the ubiquitin ligase (E3) Ubr1, while sam35-2HAts is ubiquitinated primarily by San1. Mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD) of both substrates requires the SSA family of Hsp70s and the Hsp40 Sis1, providing the first evidence for chaperone involvement in MAD. In addition to a role for the Cdc48-Npl4-Ufd1 AAA-ATPase complex, Doa1 and a mitochondrial pool of the transmembrane Cdc48 adaptor, Ubx2, are implicated in their degradation. This study reveals a unique QC pathway comprised of a combination of cytosolic and mitochondrial factors that distinguish it from other cellular QC pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith B Metzger
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
| | - Jessica L Scales
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
| | - Mitchell F Dunklebarger
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
| | - Allan M Weissman
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
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Smyrnias I, Gray SP, Okonko DO, Sawyer G, Zoccarato A, Catibog N, López B, González A, Ravassa S, Díez J, Shah AM. Cardioprotective Effect of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response During Chronic Pressure Overload. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:1795-1806. [PMID: 30975297 PMCID: PMC6456800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is activated when misfolded proteins accumulate within mitochondria and leads to increased expression of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases to maintain protein quality and mitochondrial function. Cardiac mitochondria are essential for contractile function and regulation of cell viability, while mitochondrial dysfunction characterizes heart failure. The role of the UPRmt in the heart is unclear. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to: 1) identify conditions that activate the UPRmt in the heart; and 2) study the relationship among the UPRmt, mitochondrial function, and cardiac contractile function. METHODS Cultured cardiac myocytes were subjected to different stresses in vitro. Mice were subjected to chronic pressure overload. Tissues and blood biomarkers were studied in patients with aortic stenosis. RESULTS Diverse neurohumoral or mitochondrial stresses transiently induced the UPRmt in cultured cardiomyocytes. The UPRmt was also induced in the hearts of mice subjected to chronic hemodynamic overload. Boosting the UPRmt with nicotinamide riboside (which augments NAD+ pools) in cardiomyocytes in vitro or hearts in vivo significantly mitigated the reductions in mitochondrial oxygen consumption induced by these stresses. In mice subjected to pressure overload, nicotinamide riboside reduced cardiomyocyte death and contractile dysfunction. Myocardial tissue from patients with aortic stenosis also showed evidence of UPRmt activation, which correlated with reduced tissue cardiomyocyte death and fibrosis and lower plasma levels of biomarkers of cardiac damage (high-sensitivity troponin T) and dysfunction (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide). CONCLUSIONS These results identify the induction of the UPRmt in the mammalian (including human) heart exposed to pathological stresses. Enhancement of the UPRmt ameliorates mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction, suggesting that it may serve an important protective role in the stressed heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Smyrnias
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen P Gray
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darlington O Okonko
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Sawyer
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Catibog
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain, and CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain, and CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain, and CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain, and CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery and Department of Nephrology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, United Kingdom.
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Sivanesan S, Chang E, Howell MD, Rajadas J. Amyloid protein aggregates: new clients for mitochondrial energy production in the brain? FEBS J 2020; 287:3386-3395. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Sivanesan
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Edwin Chang
- Department of Radiology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | | | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences School of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
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The Mitochondrial Lon Protease: Novel Functions off the Beaten Track? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020253. [PMID: 32046155 PMCID: PMC7072132 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain organellar function, mitochondria contain an elaborate endogenous protein quality control system. As one of the two soluble energy-dependent proteolytic enzymes in the matrix compartment, the protease Lon is a major component of this system, responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins, in particular under oxidative stress conditions. Lon defects have been shown to negatively affect energy production by oxidative phosphorylation but also mitochondrial gene expression. In this review, recent studies on the role of Lon in mammalian cells, in particular on its protective action under diverse stress conditions and its relationship to important human diseases are summarized and commented.
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Zhang Y, Oliveira AN, Hood DA. The intersection of exercise and aging on mitochondrial protein quality control. Exp Gerontol 2020; 131:110824. [PMID: 31911185 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle quality and quantity are negatively impacted with age. Part of this decline in function can be attributed to alterations in mitochondrial turnover, and in the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial homeostasis. Protein quality control within the mitochondria relies on a number of interconnected processes, namely the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), protein import and mitophagy. In particular, the post-transcriptional regulation of protein import into the organelle has generated considerable recent interest in view of its dynamic versatility. The capacity for import can be increased by chronic exercise, and diminished by muscle disuse, and defects in the import pathway can be rescued by exercise. Within mitochondria, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated if protein import is altered, or if protein misfolding takes place. This UPR generates retrograde signaling to the nucleus to activate compensatory gene expression and protein synthesis. Mitophagy is also elevated with age, contributing to the lower mitochondrial content in aging muscle. However, mitophagy is amenable to exercise adaptations, as it is activated with each exercise bout, presumably to mediate mitochondrial quality control. However, this response is attenuated in older subjects. Although not yet completely elucidated, numerous molecular processes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover are affected with age. The contrasting and often opposite consequences of exercise and age suggest that exercise can serve as non-pharmacological "mitochondrial medicine" for aging muscle to ameliorate mitochondrial content and function, via pathways that implicate organelle protein quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Wu G, Xiong Q, Wei X, Wang Y, Hu X, He G, Liu L, Lai Q, Dai Z, Anushesh D, Xu Y. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response gene CLPP changes mitochondrial dynamics and affects mitochondrial function. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7209. [PMID: 31304066 PMCID: PMC6611452 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics is associated with mitochondrial function, which is associated with diabetes. Although an important indicator of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, to the best of our knowledge, CLPP and its effects on mitochondrial dynamics in islet cells have not been studied to date. We analyzed the effects of CLPP on mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial function in the mice islet β-cell line Min6 under high glucose and high fat conditions. Min6 cells were assigned to: Normal, HG, HG+NC, HG+siCLPP, HF, HF+NC and HF+ siCLPP groups. High glucose and high fat can promote the mRNA and protein expression of CLPP in mitochondria. The increase of mitochondrial fission, the decrese of mitochondrial fusion, and the damage of mintocondrial ultrastructure were significant in the siCLPP cell groups as compared to no-siCLPP treated groups. Meanwhile, mitochondrial functions of MIN6 cells treated with siCLPP were impaired, such as ATP decreased, ROS increased, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. In addition, cell insulin secretion decreased and cell apoptosis rate increased in siCLPP groups. These results revealed that mitochondrial unfolded protein response geneCLPP alleviated high glucose and high fat-induced mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuiJun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - XiaoJun Wei
- Emergency Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - XueMei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - GuangZhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - LinJie Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - QianHui Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dhakal Anushesh
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hellerschmied D, Serebrenik YV, Shao L, Burslem GM, Crews CM. Protein folding state-dependent sorting at the Golgi apparatus. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2296-2308. [PMID: 31166830 PMCID: PMC6743468 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-01-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, organelle-specific protein quality control (PQC) is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Despite the Golgi apparatus being the major protein processing and sorting site within the secretory pathway, how it contributes to PQC has remained largely unknown. Using different chemical biology-based protein unfolding systems, we reveal the segregation of unfolded proteins from folded proteins in the Golgi. Quality control (QC) substrates are subsequently exported in distinct carriers, which likely contain unfolded proteins as well as highly oligomerized cargo that mimic protein aggregates. At an additional sorting step, oligomerized proteins are committed to lysosomal degradation, while unfolded proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and associate with chaperones. These results highlight the existence of checkpoints at which QC substrates are selected for Golgi export and lysosomal degradation. Our data also suggest that the steady-state ER localization of misfolded proteins, observed for several disease-causing mutants, may have different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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Corti O. Neuronal Mitophagy: Lessons from a Pathway Linked to Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:292-305. [PMID: 31102068 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are specialized cells with complex and extended architecture and high energy requirements. Energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, produced essentially by mitochondrial respiration, is necessary to preserve neuronal morphology, maintain resting potential, fire action potentials, and ensure neurotransmission. Pools of functional mitochondria are required in all neuronal compartments, including cell body and dendrites, nodes of Ranvier, growth cones, axons, and synapses. The mechanisms by which old or damaged mitochondria are removed and replaced in neurons remain to be fully understood. Mitophagy has gained considerable interest since the discovery of familial forms of Parkinson's disease caused by dysfunction of PINK1 and Parkin, two multifunctional proteins cooperating in the regulation of this process. Over the past 10 years, the molecular mechanisms by which PINK1 and Parkin jointly promote the degradation of defective mitochondria by autophagy have been dissected. However, our understanding of the relevance of mitophagy to mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons remains poor. Insight has been recently gained thanks to the development of fluorescent reporter systems for tracking mitochondria in the acidic compartment of the lysosome. Using these tools, mitophagy events have been visualized in primary neurons in culture and in vivo, under basal conditions and in response to toxic insults. Despite these advances, whether PINK1 and Parkin play a major role in promoting neuronal mitophagy under physiological conditions in adult animals and during aging remains a matter of debate. Future studies will have to clarify in how far dysfunction of neuronal mitophagy is central to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Corti
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France.
- Inserm, U1127, F-75013, Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, F-75013, Paris, France.
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41
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Loss of Mitochondrial AAA Proteases AFG3L2 and YME1L Impairs Mitochondrial Structure and Respiratory Chain Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123930. [PMID: 30544562 PMCID: PMC6321463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein quality control is crucial for the maintenance of correct mitochondrial homeostasis. It is ensured by several specific mitochondrial proteases located across the various mitochondrial subcompartments. Here, we focused on characterization of functional overlap and cooperativity of proteolytic subunits AFG3L2 (AFG3 Like Matrix AAA Peptidase Subunit 2) and YME1L (YME1 like ATPase) of mitochondrial inner membrane AAA (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) complexes in the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and respiratory chain integrity. We demonstrate that loss of AFG3L2 and YME1L, both alone and in combination, results in diminished cell proliferation, fragmentation of mitochondrial reticulum, altered cristae morphogenesis, and defective respiratory chain biogenesis. The double AFG3L2/YME1L knockdown cells showed marked upregulation of OPA1 protein forms, with the most prominent increase in short OPA1 (optic atrophy 1). Loss of either protease led to marked elevation in OMA1 (OMA1 zinc metallopeptidase) (60 kDa) and severe reduction in the SPG7 (paraplegin) subunit of the m-AAA complex. Loss of the YME1L subunit led to an increased Drp1 level in mitochondrial fractions. While loss of YME1L impaired biogenesis and function of complex I, knockdown of AFG3L2 mainly affected the assembly and function of complex IV. Our results suggest cooperative and partly redundant functions of AFG3L2 and YME1L in the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and respiratory chain biogenesis and stress the importance of correct proteostasis for mitochondrial integrity.
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Hara T, Kin A, Aoki S, Nakamura S, Shirasuna K, Kuwayama T, Iwata H. Resveratrol enhances the clearance of mitochondrial damage by vitrification and improves the development of vitrified-warmed bovine embryos. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204571. [PMID: 30335749 PMCID: PMC6193637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the vitrification-induced deterioration of mitochondrial functions that may reduce the developmental ability of post-warming bovine embryos. In addition, the effect of supplementation of the culture medium with resveratrol on the mitochondrial functions and post-warming embryonic development was examined. Two days after in vitro fertilization, embryos with 8–12 cells (referred to hereafter as 8-cell embryos) were vitrified and warmed, followed by in vitro incubation for 5 days in a culture medium containing either the vehicle or 0.5 μM resveratrol. Vitrification reduced embryonic development until the blastocyst stage, reduced the ATP content of embryos, and impaired the mitochondrial genome integrity, as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Although the total cell number and mitochondrial DNA copy number (Mt-number) of blastocysts were low in the vitrified embryos, the Mt-number per blastomere was similar among the blastocysts derived from fresh (non-vitrified) and vitrified-warmed embryos. Supplementation of the culture medium with resveratrol enhanced the post-warming embryonic development and reduced the Mt-number and reactive oxygen species level in blastocysts and blastomeres without affecting the ATP content. An increase in the content of cell-free mitochondrial DNA in the spent culture medium was observed following cultivation of embryos with resveratrol. These results suggested that vitrification induces mitochondrial damages and that resveratrol may enhance the development of post-warming embryos and activates the degeneration of damaged mitochondria, as indicated by the increase in the cell-free mitochondrial DNA content in the spent culture medium and the decrease in the Mt-number of blastocysts and blastomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Hara
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Airi Kin
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sogo Aoki
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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AAA Proteases: Guardians of Mitochondrial Function and Homeostasis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100163. [PMID: 30314276 PMCID: PMC6210556 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic, semi-autonomous organelles that execute numerous life-sustaining tasks in eukaryotic cells. Functioning of mitochondria depends on the adequate action of versatile proteinaceous machineries. Fine-tuning of mitochondrial activity in response to cellular needs involves continuous remodeling of organellar proteome. This process not only includes modulation of various biogenetic pathways, but also the removal of superfluous proteins by adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven proteolytic machineries. Accordingly, all mitochondrial sub-compartments are under persistent surveillance of ATP-dependent proteases. Particularly important are highly conserved two inner mitochondrial membrane-bound metalloproteases known as m-AAA and i-AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities), whose mis-functioning may lead to impaired organellar function and consequently to development of severe diseases. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge of yeast, mammalian, and plant AAA proteases and their implications in mitochondrial function and homeostasis maintenance.
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44
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Abstract
Mitochondria are sensitive to numerous environmental stresses, which can lead to activation of mitochondrial stress responses (MSRs). Of particular recent interest has been the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), activated to restore protein homeostasis (proteostasis) upon mitochondrial protein misfolding. Several axes of the UPRmt have been described, creating some confusion as to the nature of the different responses. While distinct molecularly, these different axes are likely mutually beneficial and activated in parallel. This review aims at describing and distinguishing the different mammalian MSR/UPRmt axes to define key processes and members and to examine the involvement of protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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45
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Bennett BD, Redford KE, Gralnick JA. Survival of Anaerobic Fe 2+ Stress Requires the ClpXP Protease. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:e00671-17. [PMID: 29378887 PMCID: PMC5869471 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00671-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 is a versatile bacterium capable of respiring extracellular, insoluble ferric oxide minerals under anaerobic conditions. The respiration of iron minerals results in the production of soluble ferrous ions, which at high concentrations are toxic to living organisms. It is not fully understood how Fe2+ is toxic to cells anaerobically, nor is it fully understood how S. oneidensis is able to resist high levels of Fe2+ Here we describe the results of a transposon mutant screen and subsequent deletion of the genes clpX and clpP in S. oneidensis, which demonstrate that the protease ClpXP is required for anaerobic Fe2+ resistance. Many cellular processes are known to be regulated by ClpXP, including entry into stationary phase, envelope stress response, and turnover of stalled ribosomes. However, none of these processes appears to be responsible for mediating anaerobic Fe2+ resistance in S. oneidensis Protein trapping studies were performed to identify ClpXP targets in S. oneidensis under Fe2+ stress, implicating a wide variety of protein targets. Escherichia coli strains lacking clpX or clpP also display increased sensitivity to Fe2+ anaerobically, indicating Fe2+ resistance may be a conserved role for the ClpXP protease system. Hypotheses regarding the potential role(s) of ClpXP during periods of high Fe2+ are discussed. We speculate that metal-containing proteins are misfolded under conditions of high Fe2+ and that the ClpXP protease system is necessary for their turnover.IMPORTANCE Prior to the evolution of cyanobacteria and oxygenic photosynthesis, life arose and flourished in iron-rich oceans. Today, aqueous iron-rich environments are less common, constrained to low-pH conditions and anaerobic systems such as stratified lakes and seas, digestive tracts, subsurface environments, and sediments. The latter two ecosystems often favor dissimilatory metal reduction, a process that produces soluble Fe2+ from iron oxide minerals. Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria must therefore have mechanisms to tolerate anaerobic Fe2+ stress, and studying resistance in these organisms may help elucidate the basis of toxicity. Shewanella oneidensis is a model dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium isolated from metal-rich sediments. Here we demonstrate a role for ClpXP, a protease system widely conserved in bacteria, in anaerobic Fe2+ resistance in both S. oneidensis and Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany D Bennett
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E Redford
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Gralnick
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Prasad R, Xu C, Ng DTW. Hsp40/70/110 chaperones adapt nuclear protein quality control to serve cytosolic clients. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2019-2032. [PMID: 29653997 PMCID: PMC5987712 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality control (QC) pathways for misfolded proteins depend on E3 ubiquitin ligases and associated chaperones. Prasad et al. show that Hsp40/70/110 chaperones traffic and manage misfolded proteins in the nucleus, extending the nuclear protein QC pathway to include cytosolic clients. Misfolded cytosolic proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system through quality control (QC) pathways defined by E3 ubiquitin ligases and associated chaperones. Although they work together as a comprehensive system to monitor cytosolic protein folding, their respective contributions remain unclear. To bridge existing gaps, the pathways mediated by the San1 and Ubr1 E3 ligases were studied coordinately. We show that pathways share the same complement of chaperones needed for substrate trafficking, ubiquitination, and degradation. The significance became clear when Ubr1, like San1, was localized primarily to the nucleus. Appending nuclear localization signals to cytosolic substrates revealed that Ydj1 and Sse1 are needed for substrate nuclear import, whereas Ssa1/Ssa2 is needed both outside and inside the nucleus. Sis1 is required to process all substrates inside the nucleus, but its role in trafficking is substrate specific. Together, these data show that using chaperones to traffic misfolded cytosolic proteins into the nucleus extends the nuclear protein QC pathway to include cytosolic clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Prasad
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Davis T W Ng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Bhaskaran S, Pharaoh G, Ranjit R, Murphy A, Matsuzaki S, Nair BC, Forbes B, Gispert S, Auburger G, Humphries KM, Kinter M, Griffin TM, Deepa SS. Loss of mitochondrial protease ClpP protects mice from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745009. [PMID: 29420235 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caseinolytic peptidase P (ClpP) is a mammalian quality control protease that is proposed to play an important role in the initiation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a retrograde signaling response that helps to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development of metabolic disorders, and to understand the effect of a defective UPRmt on metabolism, ClpP knockout (ClpP-/-) mice were analyzed. ClpP-/- mice fed ad libitum have reduced adiposity and paradoxically improved insulin sensitivity. Absence of ClpP increased whole-body energy expenditure and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis are selectively up-regulated in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of ClpP-/- mice. When challenged with a metabolic stress such as high-fat diet, despite similar caloric intake, ClpP-/- mice are protected from diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Our results show that absence of ClpP triggers compensatory responses in mice and suggest that ClpP might be dispensable for mammalian UPRmt initiation. Thus, we made an unexpected finding that deficiency of ClpP in mice is metabolically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gavin Pharaoh
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ashley Murphy
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Satoshi Matsuzaki
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Binoj C Nair
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brittany Forbes
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kenneth M Humphries
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sathyaseelan S Deepa
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Herbers E, Kekäläinen NJ, Hangas A, Pohjoismäki JL, Goffart S. Tissue specific differences in mitochondrial DNA maintenance and expression. Mitochondrion 2018; 44:85-92. [PMID: 29339192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The different cell types of multicellular organisms have specialized physiological requirements, affecting also their mitochondrial energy production and metabolism. The genome of mitochondria is essential for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXHPOS) and thus plays a central role in many human mitochondrial pathologies. Disorders affecting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance are typically resulting in a tissue-specific pattern of mtDNA deletions and rearrangements. Despite this role in disease as well as a biomarker of mitochondrial biogenesis, the tissue-specific parameters of mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been virtually unexplored. In the presented study, we investigated mtDNA replication, topology, gene expression and damage in six different tissues of adult mice and sought to correlate these with the levels of known protein factors involved in mtDNA replication and transcription. Our results show that while liver and kidney cells replicate their mtDNA using the asynchronous mechanism known from cultured cells, tissues with high OXPHOS activity, such as heart, brain, skeletal muscle and brown fat, employ a strand-coupled replication mode, combined with increased levels of recombination. The strand-coupled replication mode correlated also with mtDNA damage levels, indicating that the replication mechanism represents a tissue-specific strategy to deal with intrinsic oxidative stress. While the preferred replication mode did not correlate with mtDNA transcription or the levels of most known mtDNA maintenance proteins, mtSSB was most abundant in tissues using strand-asynchronous mechanism. Although mitochondrial transcripts were most abundant in tissues with high metabolic rate, the mtDNA copy number per tissue mass was remarkably similar in all tissues. We propose that the tissue-specific features of mtDNA maintenance are primarily driven by the intrinsic reactive oxygen species exposure, mediated by DNA repair factors, whose identity remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herbers
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Nina J Kekäläinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anu Hangas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jaakko L Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
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49
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Chandra G, Shenoi RA, Anand R, Rajamma U, Mohanakumar KP. Reinforcing mitochondrial functions in aging brain: An insight into Parkinson's disease therapeutics. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 95:29-42. [PMID: 29269015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the neural cells in the brain, are also the seat of certain essential gene signaling pathways that control neuronal functions. Deterioration of mitochondrial functions has been widely reported in normal aging as well as in a spectrum of age-associated neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidences accumulated in the recent past provide not only advanced information on the causes of mitochondrial bioenergetics defects and redox imbalance in PD brains, but also much insight into mitochondrial biogenesis, quality control of mitochondrial proteins, and genes, which regulate intra- and extra-mitochondrial signaling that control the general health of neural cells. The mitochondrial quality control machinery is affected in aging and especially in PD, thus affecting intraneuronal protein transport and degradation, which are primarily responsible for accumulation of misfolded proteins and mitochondrial damage in sporadic as well as familial PD. Essentially we considered in the first half of this review, mitochondria-based targets such as mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial quality control pathways in PD, relevance of mitochondrial DNA mutations, mitophagy, mitochondrial proteases, mitochondrial flux, and finally mitochondria-based therapies possible for PD. Therapeutic aspects are considered in the later half and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapy, mitophagy enhancers, mitochondrial biogenesis boasters, mitochondrial dynamics modulators, and gene-based therapeutic approaches are discussed. The present review is a critical assessment of this information to distinguish some exemplary mitochondrial therapeutic targets, and provides a utilitarian perception of some avenues for therapeutic designs on identified mitochondrial targets for PD, a very incapacitating disorder of the geriatric population, world over.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chandra
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India.
| | - R A Shenoi
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India
| | - R Anand
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India
| | - U Rajamma
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India
| | - K P Mohanakumar
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India
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50
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Zimmermann M, Reichert AS. How to get rid of mitochondria: crosstalk and regulation of multiple mitophagy pathways. Biol Chem 2017; 399:29-45. [PMID: 28976890 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable cellular organelles providing ATP and numerous other essential metabolites to ensure cell survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are formed as side reactions during oxidative phosphorylation or by external agents, induce molecular damage in mitochondrial proteins, lipids/membranes and DNA. To cope with this and other sorts of organellar stress, a multi-level quality control system exists to maintain cellular homeostasis. One critical level of mitochondrial quality control is the removal of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. This process utilizes parts of the general autophagy machinery, e.g. for the formation of autophagosomes but also employs mitophagy-specific factors. Depending on the proteins utilized mitophagy is divided into receptor-mediated and ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy. So far, at least seven receptor proteins are known to be required for mitophagy under different experimental conditions. In contrast to receptor-mediated pathways, the Pink-Parkin-dependent pathway is currently the best characterized ubiquitin-mediated pathway. Recently two additional ubiquitin-mediated pathways with distinctive similarities and differences were unraveled. We will summarize the current state of knowledge about these multiple pathways, explain their mechanism, and describe the regulation and crosstalk between these pathways. Finally, we will review recent evidence for the evolutionary conservation of ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Zimmermann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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