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Liu X, Lin L, Hu G. Meta-analysis of the effect of curcumin supplementation on skeletal muscle damage status. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299135. [PMID: 39008500 PMCID: PMC11249235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of supplemental curcumin intake on skeletal muscle injury status and to propose an optimal intervention program. METHODS In accordance with the procedures specified in the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, the Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the results of creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and range of motion (ROM) as outcome indicators in the 349 subjects included in the 14 articles. RESULTS The effect size of curcumin supplementation on muscle soreness, mean difference (MD) = -0.61; the relationship between curcumin supplementation and muscle soreness for time of measurement (I2 = 83.6%)、the relationship between curcumin supplementation and muscle soreness for period of intervention (I2 = 26.2%)、the relationship between whether one had been trained (I2 = 0%) and supplementation dose (I2 = 0%) were not heterogeneous for the relationship between curcumin supplementation and muscle soreness; The effect size on CK, MD = -137.32; the relationship between curcumin supplementation and CK (I2 = 79.7%)、intervention period (I2 = 91.9%)、whether or not trained (I2 = 90.7%)、and no heterogeneity in the relationship between curcumin supplementation and CK for the time of measurement (I2 = 0%); The effect size MD = 4.10 for the effect on ROM; The effect size for IL-6 was MD = -0.33. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis highlights that curcumin supplementation significantly mitigates skeletal muscle damage, with notable improvements in CK levels, muscle soreness, IL-6 levels, and ROM. The results highlight the importance of curcumin dosage and timing, revealing that prolonged supplementation yields the best results, especially for untrained individuals or those less exposed to muscle-damaging exercise. For muscle soreness and ROM enhancement, a pre-emptive, low-dose regimen is beneficial, while immediate post-exercise supplementation is most effective at reducing CK and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- College of Physical Education, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihan Lin
- College of Physical Education, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guopeng Hu
- College of Physical Education, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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2
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Wan J, Cheng C, Li X, Zhu Y, Su H, Gong Y, Ding K, Gao X, Dang C, Li G, Jiang W, Yao LH. Lactate ameliorates palmitate-induced impairment of differentiative capacity in C2C12 cells through the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:349-362. [PMID: 38372933 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid enriched in high-fat diet, has been implicated in the development of skeletal muscle regeneration dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the effects and mechanisms of lactate (Lac) treatment on PA-induced impairment of C2C12 cell differentiation capacity. Furthermore, the involvement of voltage-gated calcium channels in this context was examined. In this study, Lac could improve the PA-induced impairment of differentiative capacity in C2C12 cells by affecting Myf5, MyoD and MyoG. In addition, Lac increases the inward flow of Ca2+, and promotes the depolarization of the cell membrane potential, thereby activating voltage-gated calcium channels during C2C12 cell differentiation. The enchancement of Lac on myoblast differentiative capacity was abolished after the addition of efonidipine (voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitors). Therefore, voltage-gated calcium channels play an important role in improving PA-induced skeletal muscle regeneration disorders by exercising blood Lac. Our study showed that Lac could rescue the PA-induced impairment of differentiative capacity in C2C12 cells by affecting Myf5, MyoD and MyoG through the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wan
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Cheng
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonuo Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Zhu
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Su
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Gong
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaizhi Ding
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Dang
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Li
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Yao
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China.
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Li DCW, Rudloff S, Langer HT, Norman K, Herpich C. Age-Associated Differences in Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. Cells 2024; 13:255. [PMID: 38334647 PMCID: PMC10854791 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intricate mechanisms governing the cellular response to resistance exercise is paramount for promoting healthy aging. This narrative review explored the age-related alterations in recovery from resistance exercise, focusing on the nuanced aspects of exercise-induced muscle damage in older adults. Due to the limited number of studies in older adults that attempt to delineate age differences in muscle discovery, we delve into the multifaceted cellular influences of chronic low-grade inflammation, modifications in the extracellular matrix, and the role of lipid mediators in shaping the recovery landscape in aging skeletal muscle. From our literature search, it is evident that aged muscle displays delayed, prolonged, and inefficient recovery. These changes can be attributed to anabolic resistance, the stiffening of the extracellular matrix, mitochondrial dysfunction, and unresolved inflammation as well as alterations in satellite cell function. Collectively, these age-related impairments may impact subsequent adaptations to resistance exercise. Insights gleaned from this exploration may inform targeted interventions aimed at enhancing the efficacy of resistance training programs tailored to the specific needs of older adults, ultimately fostering healthy aging and preserving functional independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Ching Wah Li
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefan Rudloff
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Norman
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catrin Herpich
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Singh H. Role of gene therapy in treatment of cancer with craniofacial regeneration-current molecular strategies, future perspectives, and challenges: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2024; 41:13-21. [PMID: 37218144 PMCID: PMC10834268 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2023.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy involves the introduction of foreign genetic material into host tissue to alter the expression of genetic products. Gene therapy represents an opportunity to alter the course of various diseases. Hence, genetic products utilizing safe and reliable vectors with improved biotechnology will play a critical role in the treatment of various diseases in the future. This review summarizes various important vectors for gene therapy along with modern techniques for potential craniofacial regeneration using gene therapy. This review also explains current molecular approaches for the management and treatment of cancer using gene therapy. The existing literature was searched to find studies related to gene therapy and its role in craniofacial regeneration and cancer treatment. Various databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for English language articles using the keywords "gene therapy," "gene therapy in present scenario," "gene therapy in cancer," "gene therapy and vector," "gene therapy in diseases," and "gene therapy and molecular strategies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, India
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5
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Šimunič B, Doles M, Kelc R, Švent A. Effectiveness of 448-kHz Capacitive Resistive Monopolar Radiofrequency Therapy After Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage to Restore Muscle Strength and Contractile Parameters. J Sport Rehabil 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37192748 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is prevalent especially in sports and rehabilitation. It causes loss in skeletal muscle function and soreness. As there are no firm preventive strategies, we aimed to evaluate the preventive efficacy of nonthermal 448-kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) therapy after eccentric bouts of EIMD response in knee flexors. DESIGN Twenty-nine healthy males (age: 25.2 [4.6] y) were randomized in control group (CG; n = 15) and experimental group (EG; n = 14) where EG followed 5 daily 448-kHz CRMRF therapies. All assessments were performed at baseline and post EIMD (EIMD + 1, EIMD + 2, EIMD + 5, and EIMD + 9 d). We measured tensiomyography of biceps femoris and semitendinosus to calculate contraction time, the maximal displacement and the radial velocity of contraction, unilateral isometric knee flexors maximal voluntary contraction torque, and rate of torque development in first 100 milliseconds. RESULTS Maximal voluntary contraction torque and rate of torque development in first 100 milliseconds decreased more in CG than in EG and recovered only in EG. Biceps femoris contraction time increased only in CG (without recovery), whereas in semitendinosus contraction time increased in EG (only at EIMD + 1) and in CG (without recovery). In both muscles, tensiomyographic maximal displacement decreased in EG (in EIMD + 1 and EIMD + 2) and in CG (without recovery). Furthermore, in both muscles, radial velocity of contraction decreased in EG (from EIMD + 1 until EIMD + 5) and in CG (without recovery). CONCLUSION The study shows beneficial effect of CRMRF therapy after inducing EIMD in skeletal muscle strength and contractile parameters in knee flexors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper,Slovenia
| | - Monika Doles
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper,Slovenia
| | - Robi Kelc
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Sports Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor,Slovenia
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Gartz M, Haberman M, Sutton J, Slick RA, Luttrell SM, Mack DL, Lawlor MW. ACTA1 H40Y mutant iPSC-derived skeletal myocytes display mitochondrial defects in an in vitro model of nemaline myopathy. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113507. [PMID: 36796746 PMCID: PMC9993434 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Nemaline myopathies (NM) are a group of congenital myopathies that lead to muscle weakness and dysfunction. While 13 genes have been identified to cause NM, over 50% of these genetic defects are due to mutations in nebulin (NEB) and skeletal muscle actin (ACTA1), which are genes required for normal assembly and function of the thin filament. NM can be distinguished on muscle biopsies due to the presence of nemaline rods, which are thought to be aggregates of the dysfunctional protein. Mutations in ACTA1 have been associated with more severe clinical disease and muscle weakness. However, the cellular pathogenesis linking ACTA1 gene mutations to muscle weakness are unclear To evaluate cellular disease phenotypes, iPSC-derived skeletal myocytes (iSkM) harboring an ACTA1 H40Y point mutation were used to model NM in skeletal muscle. These were generated by Crispr-Cas9, and include one non-affected healthy control (C) and 2 NM iPSC clone lines, therefore representing isogenic controls. Fully differentiated iSkM were characterized to confirm myogenic status and subject to assays to evaluate nemaline rod formation, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) formation, superoxide production, ATP/ADP/phosphate levels and lactate dehydrogenase release. C- and NM-iSkM demonstrated myogenic commitment as evidenced by mRNA expression of Pax3, Pax7, MyoD, Myf5 and Myogenin; and protein expression of Pax4, Pax7, MyoD and MF20. No nemaline rods were observed with immunofluorescent staining of NM-iSkM for ACTA1 or ACTN2, and these mRNA transcript and protein levels were comparable to C-iSkM. Mitochondrial function was altered in NM, as evidenced by decreased cellular ATP levels and altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Oxidative stress induction revealed the mitochondrial phenotype, as evidenced by collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, early formation of the mPTP and increased superoxide production. Early mPTP formation was rescued with the addition of ATP to media. Together, these findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are disease phenotypes in the in vitro model of ACTA1 nemaline myopathy, and that modulation of ATP levels was sufficient to protect NM-iSkM mitochondria from stress-induced injury. Importantly, the nemaline rod phenotype was absent in our in vitro model of NM. We conclude that this in vitro model has the potential to recapitulate human NM disease phenotypes, and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gartz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Margaret Haberman
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Diverge Translational Science Laboratory, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jessica Sutton
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Diverge Translational Science Laboratory, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca A Slick
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shawn M Luttrell
- Curi Bio Inc., 3000 Western Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UW Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UW Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Diverge Translational Science Laboratory, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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7
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Yasser M, Ribback S, Evert K, Utpatel K, Annweiler K, Evert M, Dombrowski F, Calvisi DF. Early Subcellular Hepatocellular Alterations in Mice Post Hydrodynamic Transfection: An Explorative Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020328. [PMID: 36672277 PMCID: PMC9857294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic transfection (HT) or hydrodynamic tail vein injection (HTVi) is among the leading technique that is used to deliver plasmid genes mainly into the liver of live mice or rats. The DNA constructs are composed of coupled plasmids, while one contains the gene of interest that stably integrate into the hepatocyte genome with help of the other consisting sleeping beauty transposase system. The rapid injection of a large volume of DNA-solution through the tail vein induces an acute cardiac congestion that refluxed into the liver, mainly in acinus zone 3, also found through our EM study. Although, HT mediated hydrodynamic force can permeabilizes the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium of liver, but the mechanism of plasmid incorporation into the hepatocytes remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we have hydrodynamically injected 2 mL volume of empty plasmid (transposon vector) or saline solution (control) into the tail vein of anesthetized C57BL/6J/129Sv mice. Liver tissue was resected at different time points from two animal group conditions, i.e., one time point per animal (1, 5, 10-20, 60 min or 24 and 48 hrs after HT) or multiple time points per animal (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 min) and quickly fixed with buffered 4% osmium tetroxide. The tissues fed with only saline solution was also resected and fixed in the similar way. EM evaluation from the liver ultrathin sections reveals that swiftly after 1 min, the hepatocytes near to the central venule in the acinus zone 3 shows cytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicles. Such vesicles increased in both numbers and size to vacuoles and precisely often found in the proximity to the nucleus. Further, EM affirm these vacuoles are also optically empty and do not contain any electron dense material. Although, some of the other hepatocytes reveals sign of cell damage including swollen mitochondria, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and disrupted plasma membrane, but most of the hepatocytes appeared normal. The ultrastructural findings in the mice injected with empty vector or saline injected control mice were similar. Therefore, we have interpreted the vacuole formation as nonspecific endocytosis without specific interactions at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yasser
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Katja Evert
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Annweiler
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Holmberg PM, Harrison PW, Jenkins DG, Kelly VG. Factors Modulating the Priming Response to Resistance and Stretch-Shortening Cycle Exercise Stimuli. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ovchinnikov AN, Paoli A, Seleznev VV, Deryugina AV. Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Creatine Kinase in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Athletes at Rest and following Exercise. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113098. [PMID: 35683484 PMCID: PMC9181342 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the agreement between quantitative measurements of plasmatic and salivary biomarkers capable of identifying oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes at rest and following exercise. Thirty-nine high-level athletes participating in track and field (running), swimming or rowing were recruited and assigned to one of three groups depending on the sport. Each athlete group underwent its specific exercise. Blood and saliva samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise. Diene conjugates (DC), triene conjugates (TC), Schiff bases (SB), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlation analysis and Bland−Altman method were applied. DC levels were elevated in plasma (p < 0.01) and saliva (p < 0.01) in response to exercise in all three groups, as were the plasmatic (p < 0.01) and salivary (p < 0.01) TC and SB concentrations. CK activity was also significantly higher at postexercise compared to pre-exercise in both plasma (p < 0.01) and saliva (p < 0.01) in all groups. Strong positive correlation between salivary and plasmatic DC (p < 0.001), TC (p < 0.001), SB (p < 0.01), and CK (p < 0.001) was observed at rest and following exercise in each athlete group. The bias calculated for DC, TC, SB, and CK using the Bland−Altman statistics was not significant at both pre-exercise and postexercise in all three groups. The line of equality was within the confidence interval of the mean difference. All of the data points lay within the respective agreement limits. Salivary concentrations of DC, TC, SB, and CK are able to reliably reflect their plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr N. Ovchinnikov
- Department of Sports Medicine and Psychology, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Vladislav V. Seleznev
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Sport Training, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Anna V. Deryugina
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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di Corcia M, Tartaglia N, Polito R, Ambrosi A, Messina G, Francavilla VC, Cincione RI, della Malva A, Ciliberti MG, Sevi A, Messina G, Albenzio M. Functional Properties of Meat in Athletes' Performance and Recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5145. [PMID: 35564540 PMCID: PMC9102337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sport play an essential role in promoting body development and maintaining optimal health status both in the short and long term. Despite the benefits, a long-lasting heavy training can promote several detrimental physiological changes, including transitory immune system malfunction, increased inflammation, and oxidative stress, which manifest as exercise-induced muscle damages (EIMDs). Meat and derived products represent a very good source of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Bioactive molecules represent dietary compounds that can interact with one or more components of live tissue, resulting in a wide range of possible health consequences such as immune-modulating, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and antioxidative activities. The health benefits of meat have been well established and have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, although a growing number of studies found a significant positive effect of meat molecules on exercise performance and recovery of muscle function. Based on the limited research, meat could be an effective post-exercise food that results in favorable muscle protein synthesis and metabolic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina di Corcia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.G.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (R.P.); (R.I.C.)
| | - Antonio Ambrosi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Gaetana Messina
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Raffaele Ivan Cincione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (R.P.); (R.I.C.)
| | - Antonella della Malva
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.G.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Ciliberti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.G.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Agostino Sevi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.G.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (R.P.); (R.I.C.)
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.G.C.); (A.S.)
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11
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Evaluating the Effects of Increased Protein Intake on Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy and Power Adaptations with Concurrent Training: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:441-461. [PMID: 34822138 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent training incorporates dual exercise modalities, typically resistance and aerobic-based exercise, either in a single session or as part of a periodized training program, that can promote muscle strength, mass, power/force and aerobic capacity adaptations for the purposes of sports performance or general health/wellbeing. Despite multiple health and exercise performance-related benefits, diminished muscle hypertrophy, strength and power have been reported with concurrent training compared to resistance training in isolation. Dietary protein is well-established to facilitate skeletal muscle growth, repair and regeneration during recovery from exercise. The degree to which increased protein intake can amplify adaptation responses with resistance exercise, and to a lesser extent aerobic exercise, has been highly studied. In contrast, much less focus has been directed toward the capacity for protein to enhance anabolic and metabolic responses with divergent contractile stimuli inherent to concurrent training and potentially negate interference in muscle strength, power and hypertrophy. This review consolidates available literature investigating increased protein intake on rates of muscle protein synthesis, hypertrophy, strength and force/power adaptations following acute and chronic concurrent training. Acute concurrent exercise studies provide evidence for the significant stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis with protein compared to placebo ingestion. High protein intake can also augment increases in lean mass with chronic concurrent training, although these increases do not appear to translate into further improvements in strength adaptations. Similarly, the available evidence indicates protein intake twice the recommended intake and beyond does not rescue decrements in selective aspects of muscle force and power production with concurrent training.
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Wang L, Bao S, Liu X, Wang F, Zhang J, Dang P, Wang F, Li B, Lin Y. Low-dose exposure to black carbon significantly increase lung injury of cadmium by promoting cellular apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112703. [PMID: 34479021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has adverse biological effects on major living organs in the body, including lungs. The complex composition of PM2.5, including carbon black and heavy metals, cause toxic effects to the lung. Nonetheless, there exists considerable knowledge gaps regarding the impact of carbon black (CB) on environmental health and safety (EHS). Thus far, the synergistic effects of CB have not gained much attention in past decades. Here, we showed that combined exposure of CB and Cadmium (Cd) enhance the cytotoxicity by altering the state of cell membrane. Specially, CB caused cell membrane collapse and increased the permeability of cells, and remarkedly enhanced the metal Cd toxicity. Furthermore, upon pre-treatment sublethal-dose CB, the increased intracellular Cd brought about a significantly amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and high expression of metallothionein-1 (MT-1) in human lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) cells, and ultimately resulted an increased cellular toxicity. The lung of mice exposed CBs and Cd presented remarkably inflammation than Cd alone. Mechanistic exploration deciphered that CB pre-treatment triggered cell damage via apoptosis due to Cd exposure. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel path for understanding the impact of CB on EHS with its synergistic effects, through which nanomaterials might exert detrimental effects on organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shanyu Bao
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pengyu Dang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fengli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Flavonoid Containing Polyphenol Consumption and Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:1293-1316. [PMID: 33687663 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid polyphenols are bioactive phytochemicals found in fruits and teas among other sources. It has been postulated that foods and supplements containing flavonoid polyphenols may enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) through upregulation of cell signalling stress response pathways, particularly the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the ability of polyphenol treatments containing flavonoids to enhance recovery of skeletal muscle strength, soreness and creatine kinase post EIMD. METHODS Medline (Pubmed), Embase and SPORTdiscus were searched from inception to August 2020 for randomised placebo-controlled trials which assessed the impact of 6 or more days of flavonoid containing polyphenol ingestion on skeletal muscle recovery in the 96-h period following a single bout of EIMD. A total of 2983 studies were screened in duplicate resulting in 26 studies included for analysis. All meta-analyses were undertaken using a random-effects model. RESULTS The pooled results of these meta-analyses show flavonoid polyphenol treatments can enhance recovery of muscle strength by 7.14% (95% CI [5.50-8.78], P < 0.00001) and reduce muscle soreness by 4.12% (95% CI [- 5.82 to - 2.41] P = 0.00001), no change in the recovery of creatine kinase concentrations was observed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ingestion of polyphenol treatments which contain flavonoids has significant potential to improve recovery of muscular strength and reduce muscle soreness in the 4-day period post EIMD. However, the characterisation of polyphenol dosage and composition of study treatments should be prioritised in future research to facilitate the development of specific guidelines for the inclusion of flavonoid-rich foods in the diet of athletes and active individuals.
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Foltz SJ, Cui YY, Choo HJ, Hartzell HC. ANO5 ensures trafficking of annexins in wounded myofibers. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202007059. [PMID: 33496727 PMCID: PMC7844426 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ANO5 (TMEM16E) cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R12. Defective plasma membrane repair is a likely mechanism. Using myofibers from Ano5 knockout mice, we show that trafficking of several annexin proteins, which together form a cap at the site of injury, is altered upon loss of ANO5. Annexin A2 accumulates at the wound to nearly twice the level observed in WT fibers, while annexin A6 accumulation is substantially inhibited in the absence of ANO5. Appearance of annexins A1 and A5 at the cap is likewise diminished in the Ano5 knockout. These changes are correlated with an alteration in annexin repair cap fine structure and shedding of annexin-positive vesicles. We conclude that loss of annexin coordination during repair is disrupted in Ano5 knockout mice and underlies the defective repair phenotype. Although ANO5 is a phospholipid scramblase, abnormal repair is rescued by overexpression of a scramblase-defective ANO5 mutant, suggesting a novel, scramblase-independent role of ANO5 in repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyojung J. Choo
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - H. Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Isenmann E, Trittel L, Diel P. The effects of alpha lipoic acid on muscle strength recovery after a single and a short-term chronic supplementation - a study in healthy well-trained individuals after intensive resistance and endurance training. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 33261642 PMCID: PMC7708149 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory activity and was tested as a drug for the treatment of various diseases. ALA is also frequently used as a nutrition supplement, in healthy individuals or in competitive athletes. However, information from intervention studies investigating physiological effects of an ALA in athletes after exercise is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single and short-term chronic ALA supplementation on the muscle strength recovery and performance of athletes after intensive exercise. Methods In a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial in cross-over design, 17 male resistance and endurance-experienced athletes successfully participated. The subjects were divided into two groups (ALA and Placebo) and underwent a standardized single training session and a high intense training week. At certain time points (T0, T1a (+ 3 h), T1b (+ 24 h) and T2 (+7d)) blood samples were taken and markers for muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress were investigated. In addition, the maximum performance in the back squat was measured at all time points. Results In the chronic training experiment, a moderate inhibition of muscle damage and inflammation could be observed in the ALA-group. Performance in the back squat was significantly reduced in the placebo-group, but not in the ALA-group. No anti-oxidative effects could be observed. Conclusions Our data indicate possible effects of ALA supplementation, during intensive training periods result in a reduction of muscle damage, inflammation and an increase of recovery. Whether ALA supplementation in general may enhance performance and the exact training / supplementation scenarios needs to be investigated in future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12970-020-00389-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University, 50933, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Fitness and Health, IST-University of Applied Sciences, 40233, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucas Trittel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
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Structural and functional abnormalities of motor endplates in rat skeletal model of myofascial trigger spots. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134417. [PMID: 31398457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are defined as hyperirritable spots in a palpable taut band (TB) of skeletal muscle fibers. Knowing the formation and location of MTrPs is a great help to prevent their development and inactivate existing MTrPs. This study aimed to obtain new evidence that myofascial trigger spots (MTrSs), which are similar to human MTrPs, are found in dysfunctional motor endplates by observing the morphological characteristics of muscles and changes in biochemical substances. A total of 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: two control groups (i.e., C1 and C2) and two model groups (i.e., M1 and M2). C1 and M1 were used for acetylcholine (ACh) content measurement, while C2 and M2 were utilized for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining. In the model groups, blunt striking injury was induced and eccentric exercise was applied to the left gastrocnemius for 8 weeks. After 1 month, spontaneous electrical activity(SEA), AChE optical density (OD), muscle fiber diameter, and ACh content were measured. The results showed that extensive abnormal endplate noise (aEPN), including positive neurons, fibrillation potentials, fasciculation potential, and high amplitude (endplate spikes [EPS]), is present at MTrSs in M1. Quantitative electromyography results showed that the amplitudes of aEPN and frequency of EPS in M1 were significantly higher than those of C1. The ACh content of MTrSs in M1 was significantly higher than that in C1. The AChE OD value of M2 was significantly lower than that of C2. In addition, the diameter of the muscle fibers in the AChE-stained area was longer in M2 than in C2. In conclusion, MTrSs formed at the motor endplate with a larger diameter of muscle fibers. Excessive ACh release and decreased AChE activity at MTrSs stimulated muscle action potential and muscle contraction.
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Interventions for myofascial pain syndrome in cancer pain: recent advances: why, when, where and how. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2019; 13:262-269. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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No Effect of Tart Cherry Juice or Pomegranate Juice on Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Non-Resistance Trained Men. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071593. [PMID: 31337122 PMCID: PMC6683053 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tart cherry juice (TC) and pomegranate juice (POM) have been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), but their effectiveness has not been compared. This randomized, double-blind, parallel study compared the effects of TC and POM on markers of EIMD. Thirty-six non-resistance trained men (age 24.0 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 22.0, 33.0) years, body mass index (BMI) 25.6 ± 4.0 kg·m-2) were randomly allocated to consume 2 × 250 mL of: TC, POM, or an energy-matched fruit-flavored placebo drink twice daily for nine days. On day 5, participants undertook eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors of their non-dominant arm. Pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h post-exercise, maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), creatine kinase (CK), and range of motion (ROM) were measured. The exercise protocol induced significant decreases in MIVC (p < 0.001; max decrease of 26.8%, 24 h post-exercise) and ROM (p = 0.001; max decrease of 6.8%, 72 h post-exercise) and significant increases in CK (p = 0.03; max increase 1385 U·L-1, 96 h post-exercise) and DOMS (p < 0.001; max increase of 26.9 mm, 48 h post-exercise). However, there were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups (main effect of group p > 0.05 or group x time interaction p > 0.05). These data suggest that in non-resistance trained men, neither TC nor POM enhance recovery from high-force eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.
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Noreña AJ, Fournier P, Londero A, Ponsot D, Charpentier N. An Integrative Model Accounting for the Symptom Cluster Triggered After an Acoustic Shock. Trends Hear 2019; 22:2331216518801725. [PMID: 30249168 PMCID: PMC6156190 DOI: 10.1177/2331216518801725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic shocks and traumas sometimes result in a cluster of debilitating symptoms, including tinnitus, hyperacusis, ear fullness and tension, dizziness, and pain in and outside the ear. The mechanisms underlying this large variety of symptoms remain elusive. In this article, we elaborate on the hypothesis that the tensor tympani muscle (TTM), the trigeminal nerve (TGN), and the trigeminal cervical complex (TCC) play a central role in generating these symptoms. We argue that TTM overuse (due to the acoustic shock), TTM overload (due to muscle tension), and ultimately, TTM injury (due to hypoxia and "energy crisis") lead to inflammation, thereby activating the TGN, TCC, and cortex. The TCC is a crossroad structure integrating sensory inputs coming from the head-neck complex (including the middle ear) and projecting back to it. The multimodal integration of the TCC may then account for referred pain outside the ear when the middle ear is inflamed and activates the TGN. We believe that our model proposes a synthetic and explanatory framework to explain the phenomena occurring postacoustic shock and potentially also after other nonauditory causes. Indeed, due to the bidirectional properties of the TCC, musculoskeletal disorders in the region of the head-neck complex, including neck injury due to whiplash or temporomandibular disorders, may impact the middle ear, thereby leading to otic symptoms. This previously unavailable model type is experimentally testable and must be taken as a starting point for identifying the mechanisms responsible for this particular subtype of tinnitus and its associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud J Noreña
- 1 Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7260, Laboratoire Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives-Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Fournier
- 1 Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7260, Laboratoire Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives-Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Londero
- 2 Service ORL et CCF, Hôpital Européen G. Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Damien Ponsot
- 3 Académie de Lyon-Lycée Germaine Tillion, Sain-Bel, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding soccer players' match-related fatigue and recovery profiles likely helps with developing conditioning programs that increase team performance and reduce injuries and illnesses. In order to improve match recovery (the return-to-play process and ergogenic interventions) it is also pivotal to determine if match simulation protocols and actual match-play lead to similar responses. OBJECTIVES (1) To thoroughly describe the development of fatigue during actual soccer match play and its recovery time course in terms of physiological, neuromuscular, technical, biochemical and perceptual responses, and (2) to determine similarities of recovery responses between actual competition (11 vs. 11) and match simulations. METHODS A first screening phase consisted of a systematic search on PubMed (MEDLINE) and SportDiscus databases until March 2016. Inclusion criteria were: longitudinal study with soccer players; match or validated protocol; duration > 45 min; and published in English. RESULTS A total of 77 eligible studies (n = 1105) were used to compute 1196 effect sizes (ES). Half-time assessments revealed small to large alterations in immunological parameters (e.g. leukocytes, ES = 1.9), a moderate decrement in insulin concentration (ES = - 0.9) and a small to moderate impairment in lower-limb muscle function (ES = - 0.5 to - 0.7) and physical performance measures (e.g. linear sprint, ES = - 0.3 to - 1.0). All the systematically analyzed fatigue-related markers were substantially altered at post-match. Hamstrings force production capacity (ES = - 0.7), physical performance (2-4%, ES = 0.3-0.5), creatine kinase (CK, ES = 0.4), well-being (ES = 0.2-0.4) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS, ES = 0.6-1.3) remained substantially impaired at G + 72 h. Compared to simulation protocols, 11 vs. 11 match format (CK, ES = 1.8) induced a greater magnitude of change in muscle damage (i.e. CK, ES = 1.8 vs. 0.7), inflammatory (IL-6, ES = 2.6 vs. 1.1) and immunological markers and DOMS (ES = 1.5 vs. 0.7) than simulation protocols at post-assessments. Neuromuscular performances at post-match did not differ between protocols. CONCLUSION While some parameters are fully recovered (e.g. hormonal and technical), our systematic review shows that a period of 72 h post-match play is not long enough to completely restore homeostatic balance (e.g. muscle damage, physical and well-being status). The extent of the recovery period post-soccer game cannot consist of a 'one size fits all approach'. Additionally, the 'real match' (11 vs. 11 format) likely induces greater magnitudes of perceptual (DOMS) and biochemical alterations (e.g. muscle damage), while neuromuscular alterations were essentially similar. Overall, coaches must adjust the structure and content of the training sessions during the 72-h post-match intervention to effectively manage the training load within this time-frame.
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Owens DJ, Twist C, Cobley JN, Howatson G, Close GL. Exercise-induced muscle damage: What is it, what causes it and what are the nutritional solutions? Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:71-85. [PMID: 30110239 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1505957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is characterized by symptoms that present both immediately and for up to 14 days after the initial exercise bout. The main consequence of EIMD for the athlete is the loss of skeletal muscle function and soreness. As such, numerous nutrients and functional foods have been examined for their potential to ameliorate the effects of EIMD and accelerate recovery, which is the purpose of many nutritional strategies for the athlete. However, the trade-off between recovery and adaptation is rarely considered. For example, many nutritional interventions described in this review target oxidative stress and inflammation, both thought to contribute to EIMD but are also crucial for the recovery and adaptation process. This calls into question whether long term administration of supplements and functional foods used to target EIMD is indeed best practice. This rapidly growing area of sports nutrition will benefit from careful consideration of the potential hormetic effect of long term use of nutritional aids that ameliorate muscle damage. This review provides a concise overview of what EIMD is, its causes and consequences and critically evaluates potential nutritional strategies to ameliorate EIMD. We present a pragmatic practical summary that can be adopted by practitioners and direct future research, with the purpose of pushing the field to better consider the fine balance between recovery and adaptation and the potential that nutritional interventions have in modulating this balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Owens
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Craig Twist
- b Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences , University of Chester , Chester , UK
| | - James N Cobley
- c Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Health Sciences , University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK
| | - Glyn Howatson
- d Department of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.,e Water Research Group , North West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Graeme L Close
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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Waldron M, Ralph C, Jeffries O, Tallent J, Theis N, Patterson SD. The effects of acute leucine or leucine-glutamine co-ingestion on recovery from eccentrically biased exercise. Amino Acids 2018; 50:831-839. [PMID: 29770871 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of leucine or leucine + glutamine supplementation on recovery from eccentric exercise. In a double-blind independent groups design, 23 men were randomly assigned to a leucine (0.087 g/kg; n = 8), leucine + glutamine (0.087 g/kg + glutamine 0.3 g/kg; n = 8) or placebo (0.3 g/kg maltodextrin; n = 7) group. Participants performed 5 sets of drop jumps, with each set comprising 20 repetitions. Isometric knee-extensor strength, counter-movement jump (CMJ) height, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured at baseline, 1, 24, 48 h and 72 h post-exercise. There was a time × group interaction for isometric strength, CMJ and CK (P < 0.05), with differences between the leucine + glutamine and placebo group at 48 h and 72 h for strength (P = 0.013; d = 1.43 and P < 0.001; d = 2.06), CMJ (P = 0.008; d = 0.87 and P = 0.019; d = 1.17) and CK at 24 h (P = 0.012; d = 0.54) and 48 h (P = 0.010; d = 1.37). The leucine group produced higher strength at 72 h compared to placebo (P = 0.007; d = 1.65) and lower CK at 24 h (P = 0.039; d = 0.63) and 48 h (P = 0.022; d = 1.03). Oral leucine or leucine + glutamine increased the rate of recovery compared to placebo after eccentric exercise. These findings highlight potential benefits of co-ingesting these amino acids to ameliorate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Waldron
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK. .,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
| | - Cameron Ralph
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK
| | - Owen Jeffries
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK
| | - Jamie Tallent
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK
| | - Nicola Theis
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - Stephen David Patterson
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK
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Roncoroni L, Elli L, Braidotti P, Tosi D, Vaira V, Tacchini L, Lombardo V, Branchi F, Scricciolo A, Doneda L. Transglutaminase 2 Mediates the Cytotoxicity of Resveratrol in a Human Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:761-769. [PMID: 29757003 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1470648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound extracted from plants and is also a constituent of red wine. Our aim was to evaluate if the cytotoxic effect of resveratrol (RES) on cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and gallbladder cancer (GBC) cell lines could be abolished by TG2 inhibition. Human CC and GBC cell lines (SK-ChA-1 and MZ-ChA-1), grown in a three-dimensional cell culture system (MCTS, multicellular tumor spheroids), were treated for 72 h with RES (32, 64 µM) alone or combined with different TG2 inhibitors (Cystamine, B003, T101). We investigated: cells viability; cell morphology with light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); immunoreactivity with immunohistochemistry; Q-Banding karyotype analysis; TG2 activity; Western blotting. RES treatment induced a significant inhibition of cell growth, ranging from 24% to 76% in both cell lines. The inhibitors successfully reduced TG2 activity without any variation of protein quantity as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. TG2 inhibition resulted in cell growth normalization. In addition, morphologic analysis by light and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the cytotoxic effect of RES and its reduction consequent to TG2 inhibition. Our data demonstrated a connection between the cytotoxic effect of RES in SK-ChA-1 and MZ-ChA-1 and TG2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Roncoroni
- a Center for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical , Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.,e Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Elli
- a Center for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Braidotti
- c Pathology Unit, Ospedale San Paolo, Università Degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Delfina Tosi
- c Pathology Unit, Ospedale San Paolo, Università Degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- f Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Lorenza Tacchini
- d Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Vincenza Lombardo
- a Center for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Federica Branchi
- a Center for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Alice Scricciolo
- a Center for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Luisa Doneda
- b Department of Biomedical , Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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Eddens L, Browne S, Stevenson EJ, Sanderson B, van Someren K, Howatson G. The efficacy of protein supplementation during recovery from muscle-damaging concurrent exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:716-724. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of protein supplementation on recovery following muscle-damaging exercise, which was induced with a concurrent exercise design. Twenty-four well-trained male cyclists were randomised to 3 independent groups receiving 20 g protein hydrolysate, iso-caloric carbohydrate, or low-calorific placebo supplementation, per serve. Supplement serves were provided twice daily, from the onset of the muscle-damaging exercise, for a total of 4 days and in addition to a controlled diet (6 g·kg−1·day−1 carbohydrate, 1.2 g·kg−1·day−1 protein, remainder from fat). Following the concurrent exercise session at time-point 0 h, comprising a simulated high-intensity road cycling trial and 100 drop-jumps, recovery of outcome measures was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h. The concurrent exercise protocol was deemed to have caused exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), owing to time effects (p < 0.001), confirming decrements in maximal voluntary contraction (peaking at 15% ± 10%) and countermovement jump performance (peaking at 8% ± 7%), along with increased muscle soreness, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein concentrations. No group or interaction effects (p > 0.05) were observed for any of the outcome measures. The present results indicate that protein supplementation does not attenuate any of the indirect indices of EIMD imposed by concurrent exercise, when employing great rigour around the provision of a quality habitual diet and the provision of appropriate supplemental controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Eddens
- GlaxoSmithKline Human Performance Laboratory, Brentford TW8 9DA, UK
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Sarah Browne
- GlaxoSmithKline Human Performance Laboratory, Brentford TW8 9DA, UK
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Emma J. Stevenson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Brad Sanderson
- GlaxoSmithKline Human Performance Laboratory, Brentford TW8 9DA, UK
| | - Ken van Someren
- GlaxoSmithKline Human Performance Laboratory, Brentford TW8 9DA, UK
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Retamoso LT, Silveira ME, Lima FD, Busanello GL, Bresciani G, Ribeiro LR, Chagas PM, Nogueira CW, Braga ACM, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Increased xanthine oxidase-related ROS production and TRPV1 synthesis preceding DOMS post-eccentric exercise in rats. Life Sci 2016; 152:52-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Behringer M, Montag J, Franz A, McCourt ML, Mester J, Nosaka KK. Exhaustive exercise--a near death experience for skeletal muscle cells? Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:758-65. [PMID: 25459151 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In sports medicine, muscle enzymes in the blood are frequently used as an indicator of muscle damage. It is commonly assumed that mechanical stress disrupts plasma membrane to an extent that allows large molecules, such as enzymes, to leak into the extracellular space. However, this does not appear to fully explain changes in muscle enzyme activity in the blood after exercise. Apart from this mechanically induced membrane damage, we hypothesize that, under critical metabolic conditions, ATP consuming enzymes like creatine kinase (CK) are "volitionally" expulsed by muscle cells in order to prevent cell death. This would put themselves into a situation comparable to that of CK deficient muscle fibers, which have been shown in animal experiments to be virtually infatigable at the expense of muscle strength. Additionally we expand on this hypothesis with the idea that membrane blebbing is a way for the muscle fibers to store CK in fringe areas of the muscle fiber or to expulse CK from the cytosol by detaching the blebs from the plasma membrane. The blebbing has been shown to occur in heart muscle cells under ischaemic conditions and has been speculated to be an alternative pathway for the expulsion of troponin. The blebbing has also been seen skeletal muscle cells when intracellular calcium concentration increases. Cytoskeletal damage, induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or by calcium activated proteases in concert with increasing intracellular pressure, seems to provoke this type of membrane reaction. If these hypotheses are confirmed by future investigations, our current understanding of CK as a blood muscle damage marker will be fundamentally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Behringer
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany.
| | - Johannes Montag
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Franz
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Molly L McCourt
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Mester
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Kazunori Ken Nosaka
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Lomiwes D, Hurst S, Dobbie P, Frost D, Hurst R, Young O, Farouk M. The protection of bovine skeletal myofibrils from proteolytic damage post mortem by small heat shock proteins. Meat Sci 2014; 97:548-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Evaluation of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and amylase concentrations in umbilical blood of preterm infants after long-term tocolysis. Obstet Gynecol Int 2014; 2014:278379. [PMID: 24693289 PMCID: PMC3945736 DOI: 10.1155/2014/278379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and amylase levels of preterm infants following long-term tocolysis in pregnant women are limited. The objective of this study was to determine if the tocolytic therapy affects CK, LDH, and amylase levels in the umbilical blood. This study included 215 preterm infants born to women treated with and without ritodrine hydrochloride. CK, LDH, and amylase levels in the umbilical blood at delivery were determined. Infants were divided according to the ritodrine tocolysis, as follows: Group A (n = 91), not exposed to ritodrine; Group B (n = 44), IV ritodrine for <1 week; Group C (n = 80), IV ritodrine for ≥1 week. The CK concentration in cord blood of Group C (198.8 ± 14.2 IU/L) was significantly higher in comparison with Group A (155.0 ± 7.3 IU/L, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in LDH and amylase levels in the three groups. The CK significantly correlated with gestational age (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) and birth weight (r = 0.38, P < 0.01). LDH and amylase levels did not change with gestational age nor birth weight. In conclusion, long-term ritodrine tocolysis leads to increased umbilical blood CK level.
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An evaluation of 3-rhamnosylquercetin, a glycosylated form of quercetin, against the myotoxic and edematogenic effects of sPLA 2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:341270. [PMID: 24696848 PMCID: PMC3947839 DOI: 10.1155/2014/341270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper shows the results of quercitrin effects on the structure and biological activity of secretory phospholipase (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus terrificus, which is the main toxin involved in the pharmacological effects of this snake venom. According to our mass spectrometry and circular dichroism results, quercetin was able to promote a chemical modification of some amino acid residues and modify the secondary structure of C. d. terrificus sPLA2. Moreover, molecular docking studies showed that quercitrin can establish chemical interactions with some of the crucial amino acid residues involved in the enzymatic activity of the sPLA2, indicating that this flavonoid could also physically impair substrate molecule access to the catalytic site of the toxin. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo assays showed that the quercitrin strongly diminished the catalytic activity of the protein, altered its Vmax and Km values, and presented a more potent inhibition of essential pharmacological activities in the C. d. terrificus sPLA2, such as its myotoxicity and edematogenic effect, in comparison to quercetin. Thus, we concluded that the rhamnose group found in quercitrin is most likely essential to the antivenom activities of this flavonoid against C. d. terrificus sPLA2.
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Abstract
Exercise leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via several sources in the skeletal muscle. In particular, the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the muscle cells produces ROS along with an elevation in the oxygen consumption during exercise. Such ROS generated during exercise can cause oxidative modification of proteins and affect their functionality. Many evidences have been suggested that some muscle proteins, i.e., myofiber proteins, metabolic signaling proteins, and sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins can be a targets modified by ROS generated due to exercise. We detected the modification of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) by Nε-(hexanoyl)lysine (HEL), one of the lipid peroxides, in exercised muscles, while the antioxidant astaxanthin reduced this oxidative stress-induced modification. Exercise-induced ROS may diminish CPT I activity caused by HEL modification, leading to a partly limited lipid utilization in the mitochondria. This oxidative protein modification may be useful as a potential biomarker to examine the oxidative stress levels, antioxidant compounds, and their possible benefits in exercise.
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Hyldahl RD, Hubal MJ. Lengthening our perspective: Morphological, cellular, and molecular responses to eccentric exercise. Muscle Nerve 2013; 49:155-70. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Hyldahl
- Department of Exercise Science; 106 Smith Fieldhouse; Brigham Young University; Provo Utah 84003 USA
| | - Monica J. Hubal
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine; Children's National Medical Center; Washington DC USA
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Aoi W, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Role of oxidative stress in impaired insulin signaling associated with exercise-induced muscle damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1265-1272. [PMID: 24075894 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major tissue that utilizes blood glucose. A single bout of exercise improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through insulin-dependent and insulin-independent signal transduction mechanisms. However, glucose utilization is decreased in muscle damage induced by acute, unaccustomed, or eccentric exercise. The decrease in glucose utilization is caused by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in damaged muscles with inhibition of the membrane translocation of glucose transporter 4 through phosphatidyl 3-kinase/Akt signaling. In addition to inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and peroxynitrate can induce degradation or inactivation of signaling proteins through posttranslational modification, thereby resulting in a disturbance in insulin signal transduction. In contrast, treatment with factors that attenuate oxidative stress in damaged muscle suppresses the impairment of insulin sensitivity. Muscle-damaging exercise may thus lead to decreased endurance capacity and muscle fatigue in exercise, and it may decrease the efficiency of exercise therapy for metabolic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Health Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Intramuscular responses with muscle damaging exercise and the interplay between multiple intracellular networks: A human perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:136-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Iwasa M, Aoi W, Mune K, Yamauchi H, Furuta K, Sasaki S, Takeda K, Harada K, Wada S, Nakamura Y, Sato K, Higashi A. Fermented milk improves glucose metabolism in exercise-induced muscle damage in young healthy men. Nutr J 2013; 12:83. [PMID: 23767790 PMCID: PMC3689045 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effect of fermented milk supplementation on glucose metabolism associated with muscle damage after acute exercise in humans. Methods Eighteen healthy young men participated in each of the three trials of the study: rest, exercise with placebo, and exercise with fermented milk. In the exercise trials, subjects carried out resistance exercise consisting of five sets of leg and bench presses at 70–100% 12 repetition maximum. Examination beverage (fermented milk or placebo) was taken before and after exercise in double-blind method. On the following day, we conducted an analysis of respiratory metabolic performance, blood collection, and evaluation of muscle soreness. Results Muscle soreness was significantly suppressed by the consumption of fermented milk compared with placebo (placebo, 14.2 ± 1.2 score vs. fermented milk, 12.6 ± 1.1 score, p < 0.05). Serum creatine phosphokinase was significantly increased by exercise, but this increase showed a tendency of suppression after the consumption of fermented milk. Exercise significantly decreased the respiratory quotient (rest, 0.88 ± 0.01 vs. placebo, 0.84 ± 0.02, p < 0.05), although this decrease was negated by the consumption of fermented milk (0.88 ± 0.01, p < 0.05). Furthermore, exercise significantly reduced the absorption capacity of serum oxygen radical (rest, 6.9 ± 0.4 μmol TE/g vs. placebo, 6.0 ± 0.3 μmol TE/g, p < 0.05), although this reduction was not observed with the consumption of fermented milk (6.2 ± 0.3 μmol TE/g). Conclusion These results suggest that fermented milk supplementation improves glucose metabolism and alleviates the effects of muscle soreness after high-intensity exercise, possibly associated with the regulation of antioxidant capacity.
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Abstract
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is described as the sensory, motor, and autonomic symptoms caused by myofascial trigger points (TrPs). Knowing the potential causes of TrPs is important to prevent their development and recurrence, but also to inactivate and eliminate existing TrPs. There is general agreement that muscle overuse or direct trauma to the muscle can lead to the development of TrPs. Muscle overload is hypothesized to be the result of sustained or repetitive low-level muscle contractions, eccentric muscle contractions, and maximal or submaximal concentric muscle contractions. TrPs may develop during occupational, recreational, or sports activities when muscle use exceeds muscle capacity and normal recovery is disturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel Bron
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Nayerossadat N, Maedeh T, Ali PA. Viral and nonviral delivery systems for gene delivery. Adv Biomed Res 2012; 1:27. [PMID: 23210086 PMCID: PMC3507026 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.98152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is the process of introducing foreign genomic materials into host cells to elicit a therapeutic benefit. Although initially the main focus of gene therapy was on special genetic disorders, now diverse diseases with different patterns of inheritance and acquired diseases are targets of gene therapy. There are 2 major categories of gene therapy, including germline gene therapy and somatic gene therapy. Although germline gene therapy may have great potential, because it is currently ethically forbidden, it cannot be used; however, to date human gene therapy has been limited to somatic cells. Although numerous viral and nonviral gene delivery systems have been developed in the last 3 decades, no delivery system has been designed that can be applied in gene therapy of all kinds of cell types in vitro and in vivo with no limitation and side effects. In this review we explain about the history of gene therapy, all types of gene delivery systems for germline (nuclei, egg cells, embryonic stem cells, pronuclear, microinjection, sperm cells) and somatic cells by viral [retroviral, adenoviral, adeno association, helper-dependent adenoviral systems, hybrid adenoviral systems, herpes simplex, pox virus, lentivirus, Epstein-Barr virus)] and nonviral systems (physical: Naked DNA, DNA bombardant, electroporation, hydrodynamic, ultrasound, magnetofection) and (chemical: Cationic lipids, different cationic polymers, lipid polymers). In addition to the above-mentioned, advantages, disadvantages, and practical use of each system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouri Nayerossadat
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Talebi Maedeh
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Palizban Abas Ali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
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Kano Y, Sonobe T, Inagaki T, Sudo M, Poole DC. Mechanisms of exercise-induced muscle damage and fatigue: Intracellular calcium accumulation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.1.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Current status of pharmaceutical and genetic therapeutic approaches to treat DMD. Mol Ther 2011; 19:830-40. [PMID: 21468001 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease affecting about one in every 3,500 boys. This X-linked pathology is due to the absence of dystrophin in muscle fibers. This lack of dystrophin leads to the progressive muscle degeneration that is often responsible for the death of the DMD patients during the third decade of their life. There are currently no curative treatments for this disease but different therapeutic approaches are being studied. Gene therapy consists of introducing a transgene coding for full-length or a truncated version of dystrophin complementary DNA (cDNA) in muscles, whereas pharmaceutical therapy includes the use of chemical/biochemical substances to restore dystrophin expression or alleviate the DMD phenotype. Over the past years, many potential drugs were explored. This led to several clinical trials for gentamicin and ataluren (PTC124) allowing stop codon read-through. An alternative approach is to induce the expression of an internally deleted, partially functional dystrophin protein through exon skipping. The vectors and the methods used in gene therapy have been continually improving in order to obtain greater encapsidation capacity and better transduction efficiency. The most promising experimental approaches using pharmaceutical and gene therapies are reviewed in this article.
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Sonobe T, Inagaki T, Sudo M, Poole DC, Kano Y. Sex differences in intracellular Ca2+ accumulation following eccentric contractions of rat skeletal muscle in vivo. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1006-12. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00623.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly believed that estrogen and sex influences play significant effects in skeletal muscle damage following eccentric exercise. The mechanistic bases for this sex-specific phenomenon remain to be resolved. The muscle damage has been linked to loss of Ca2+ homeostasis and resultant intramyocyte Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) accumulation; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the greater eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in males would be associated with more pronounced [Ca2+]i accumulation. The intact spinotrapezius muscle of adult Wistar rats [male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX)—to investigate the effects of estrogen] was exteriorized. Tetanic eccentric contractions (100 Hz, 700-ms duration, 20 contractions/min for a total of 10 sets of 50 contractions) were elicited by electrical stimulation during synchronized muscle stretch of 10% resting muscle length. The fluorescence ratio (F340/F380 nm) was determined from images captured following each set of contractions, and fura-2 AM was used to estimate [Ca2+]i and changes thereof. Following eccentric contractions, [Ca2+]i increased significantly in male (42.8 ± 5.3%, P < 0.01) but not in female (9.4 ± 3.5%) rats. OVX evidenced an intermediate response (17.0 ± 1.2%) that remained significantly reduced compared with males. These results demonstrate that females maintain [Ca2+]i homeostasis following novel eccentric contractions, whereas males do not, which is consistent with a role for elevated [Ca2+]i in eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. The presence of normal estrogen levels is not obligatory for the difference between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sonobe
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Department of Cardiac Physiology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sudo
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David C. Poole
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; and
- School of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
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The impact of damaging exercise on electromechanical delay in biceps brachii. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20:477-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Gissel H. Effects of varying pulse parameters on ion homeostasis, cellular integrity, and force following electroporation of rat muscle in vivo. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R918-29. [PMID: 20106990 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00692.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation is a technique used in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo to permeabilize cell membranes. The effect on the tissue describes a continuum ranging from mild perturbations to massive tissue damage. Thus care should be taken when choosing pulses for a given application. Here the effects of electroporation paradigms ranging from severe to very gentle permeabilization were investigated on soleus, mainly composed of slow-twitch fibers, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA), almost exclusively composed of fast-twitch fibers. Five key physiological parameters were studied: force, muscle Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+) content, and plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity. Four-week-old Wistar rats were anesthetized, and the lower part of the hind leg was electroporated. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein, and at the times indicated animals were killed and TA, EDL, and soleus muscles were collected for analysis of force and ion contents. Muscles were given eight high-voltage pulses of 100-mus duration (8HV) at varying field intensity, one short high-voltage pulse combined with one long low-voltage pulse (HVLV), or eight medium-voltage pulses of 20-ms duration (8MV). Intensity of the electrical field strength was determinant for the degree of changes observed in the muscle. Field strengths below 300 V/cm did not give rise to measurable changes, whereas 8HV pulses at high field intensities (1,200 V/cm) caused severe and long-lasting damage to the muscle. Interestingly, the damage was more pronounced in EDL and TA compared with soleus, possibly because of the difference in fiber type composition. HVLV only caused temporary changes, with force and ion content being normalized by 4 h, suggesting that this pulse combination may be useful for the introduction of ions and molecules (e.g., DNA) into muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Gissel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ole Worms Allé 1160, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark.
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ROSS EMMAZ, GREGSON WARREN, WILLIAMS KAREN, ROBERTSON COLIN, GEORGE KEITH. Muscle Contractile Function and Neural Control after Repetitive Endurance Cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:206-12. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b07a18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hojman P, Gissel H, Andre FM, Cournil-Henrionnet C, Eriksen J, Gehl J, Mir LM. Physiological effects of high- and low-voltage pulse combinations for gene electrotransfer in muscle. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 19:1249-60. [PMID: 19866489 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer by electroporation is gaining momentum now that high-level, long-term expression of transgenes is being obtained. Several different pulse regimens are efficient, yet little information is available about the physiological muscular response to gene electrotransfer. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the physiological and molecular effects on host tissue after DNA electrotransfer. We have tested several pulse regimens with special emphasis on the pulse combination of a short (100 microsec) high-voltage (HV) pulse followed by a long low-voltage (LV) pulse used for DNA electrotransfer, comparing it with 8 HV pulses designed to ensure extensive permeabilization of the muscle membrane. Using both mouse and rat skeletal muscle tissue, we investigated cell permeabilization by the 51Cr-labeled EDTA assay, lactate dehydrogenase release, Na+ and Ca2+ influx, K+ efflux, ATP release, and water content, as well as muscle function both in vivo and ex vivo, Hsp70 induction, and histology. In all these assays, the HVLV pulse combination gave rise to minimal disturbance of cell function, in all cases significantly different from results when using 8 HV pulses. The evaluated parameters were normalized after 1 week. The addition of DNA caused significantly more transmembrane exchange, and this may be due to entrance of the DNA through the membrane. In conclusion, this study comprehensively documents the immediate effects of DNA electrotransfer and shows that only slight cell disturbances occur with the HVLV pulses used for gene transfer. This is highly important, as minimal perturbation of cell physiology is essential for efficient transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Hojman
- Department of Oncology, 54B1 Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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Pantoja PD, Alberton CL, Pilla C, Vendrusculo AP, Kruel LFM. Effect of resistive exercise on muscle damage in water and on land. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23:1051-4. [PMID: 19387367 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a00c45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance exercise in water and on land on blood levels of creatine kinase (CK), a known indirect marker of muscle damage. Nine men (age: 23 +/- 1.58 years; weight: 79.37 +/- 11.15 kg; height: 176.33 +/- 4.09 cm), who had not practiced resistance training for at least 6 months before this experiment, performed 3 sets of maximum elbow flexion and extension exercises in water and on land, separated by 2-minute periods of rest. A 10-repetition maximum test was used to load control on land with free weights, and in water the exercise was performed at maximum velocity with aquatic resistance equipment. The duration of the exercise in water was the same as that performed on land, to reproduce the same metabolic route. Plasma CK activity was determined using a commercially available kit (Labtest Enzymatic-UV) before exercise, after exercise, and at 24 and 48 hours after exercise. Significant increases in CK were found at 48 hours postexercise on land (preexercise land: 160.75 +/- 96.05 UxL; 48 hours: 326.87 +/- 240.84 UxL), and significant differences were found between land and water (preexercise water: 147.75 +/- 46.48 UxL; 48 hours: 121.75 +/- 30.86 UxL) for this measure. However, no significant differences were found in water. In conclusion, the water environment influenced the absence of significant muscle damage. This type of exercise protocol may be appropriate for situations in which limited muscle tissue damage is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia D Pantoja
- Laboratory of Exercise Research, Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Roncoroni L, Elli L, Dolfini E, Erba E, Dogliotti E, Terrani C, Doneda L, Grimoldi MG, Bardella MT. Resveratrol inhibits cell growth in a human cholangiocarcinoma cell line. Liver Int 2008; 28:1426-36. [PMID: 18397227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating tumour with a poor prognosis. An efficient therapy is unavailable in unoperable patients and new drugs are widely sought for and required. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural molecule with a reported anticancer effect, evaluated on different tumour cell lines. We tested the efficacy of RES on a cholangiocarcinoma cell line for the first time. METHODS We used the human SK-ChA-1 cell line, cultured in the classical two-dimensional model and in the three-dimensional spheroids. After RES exposure morphology, cell viability (colony-forming assay), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 medium releases, cellular transglutaminase activity, karyotype and cell cycle were evaluated. RESULTS Resveratrol inhibited cell growth in both the cell culture systems used (from -15 to -80% vs untreated controls) and induced a 40-fold increase of LDH and ALP activities in the culture medium. Also, transglutaminase (TG) activity increased in the cell lysates, together with a cell cycle perturbation characterised by an accumulation in the G(1)/S phase. Karyotype and CA 19-9 expression were not influenced by the treatment. CONCLUSIONS The observed cytotoxic effect of RES on the human cholangiocarcinoma SK-ChA-1 cell line cultured two- and three-dimensionally suggests to further analyse its chemotherapic/chemopreventive possibilities for this kind of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Roncoroni
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) can be caused by novel or unaccustomed exercise and results in a temporary decrease in muscle force production, a rise in passive tension, increased muscle soreness and swelling, and an increase in intramuscular proteins in blood. Consequently, EIMD can have a profound effect on the ability to perform subsequent bouts of exercise and therefore adhere to an exercise training programme. A variety of interventions have been used prophylactically and/or therapeutically in an attempt to reduce the negative effects associated with EIMD. This article focuses on some of the most commonly used strategies, including nutritional and pharmacological strategies, electrical and manual therapies and exercise. Long-term supplementation with antioxidants or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate appears to provide a prophylactic effect in reducing EIMD, as does the ingestion of protein before and following exercise. Although the administration of high-dose NSAIDs may reduce EIMD and muscle soreness, it also attenuates the adaptive processes and should therefore not be prescribed for long-term treatment of EIMD. Whilst there is some evidence that stretching and massage may reduce muscle soreness, there is little evidence indicating any performance benefits. Electrical therapies and cryotherapy offer limited effect in the treatment of EIMD; however, inconsistencies in the dose and frequency of these and other interventions may account for the lack of consensus regarding their efficacy. Both as a cause and a consequence of this, there are very few evidence-based guidelines for the application of many of these interventions. Conversely, there is unequivocal evidence that prior bouts of eccentric exercise provide a protective effect against subsequent bouts of potentially damaging exercise. Further research is warranted to elucidate the most appropriate dose and frequency of interventions to attenuate EIMD and if these interventions attenuate the adaptation process. This will both clarify the efficacy of such strategies and provide guidelines for evidence-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn Howatson
- School of Human Sciences, St Mary's University College, Twickenham, UK.
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Fredsted A, Clausen T, Overgaard K. Effects of step exercise on muscle damage and muscle Ca2+ content in men and women. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22:1136-46. [PMID: 18545196 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318173db9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric exercise often produces severe muscle damage, whereas concentric exercise of a similar load elicits a minor degree of muscle damage. The cellular events initiating muscle damage are thought to include an increase in cytosolic Ca. It was hypothesized that eccentric muscle activity in humans would lead to a larger degree of cell damage and increased intracellular Ca accumulation in skeletal muscle than concentric activity would. Furthermore, possible differences between men and women in muscle damage were investigated following step exercise. Thirty-three healthy subjects (18 men and 15 women) participated in a 30-minute step exercise protocol involving concentric contractions with 1 leg and eccentric contractions with the other leg. Muscle Ca content, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and muscle enzymes in the plasma were measured. In a subgroup of the subjects, T2 relaxation time was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. No significant changes were found in muscle Ca content in vastus lateralis biopsy specimens in women or in men. Following step exercise, MVC decreased in both legs of both genders. The women had a significantly larger strength decrease in the eccentric leg than the men had on postexercise day 2 (p < 0.01). Plasma creatine kinase increased following step exercise, with a sevenfold higher response in women than in men on day 3 (p < 0.001). The women, but not the men, had an increase in T2 relaxation time in the eccentrically working adductor magnus muscle, peaking on day 3 (75%) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, step exercise does not lead to Ca accumulation in the vastus lateralis but does induce muscle damage preferentially in the eccentrically working muscles, considerably more in women than in men. This indicates that gender-specific step training programs may be warranted to avoid excessive muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fredsted
- Department of Physiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Hojman P, Gissel H, Andre F, Cournil-Henrionnet C, Eriksen J, Gehl J, Mir LM. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HIGH AND LOW VOLTAGE PULSE COMBINATIONS FOR GENE ELECTROTRANSFER IN MUSCLE. Hum Gene Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/hgt.2008.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Arabadzhiev TI, Dimitrov GV, Chakarov VE, Dimitrov AG, Dimitrova NA. Effects of changes in intracellular action potential on potentials recorded by single-fiber, macro, and belly-tendon electrodes. Muscle Nerve 2008; 37:700-12. [PMID: 18506714 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some myopathies are accompanied by abnormal calcium homeostasis. Electromyography (EMG) in such patients shows signs of normal or myopathic EMG when detected by a single-fiber electrode and abnormally increased values in macro EMG. As calcium accumulation might be accompanied by changes in intracellular action potential (IAP) and muscle-fiber propagation velocity, we simulated the effects of such changes on motor unit potentials (MUPs) recorded by different kinds of electrodes. We found that: (1) the requirements for what potential can be accepted as a single-fiber action potential (SFAP) are too rigorous; (2) macro MUP amplitude can increase while SFAP amplitude can decrease when there is an increase in the spatial length of IAP spike; and (3) changes in the second phase of a belly-tendon-detected MUP or M wave could be used for noninvasive detection of increased IAP depolarizing (negative) after-potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todor I Arabadzhiev
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
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Sonobe T, Inagaki T, Poole DC, Kano Y. Intracellular calcium accumulation following eccentric contractions in rat skeletal muscle in vivo: role of stretch-activated channels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294:R1329-37. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00815.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the accumulation of intracellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) is associated with muscle damage, little is known regarding the temporal profile of muscle [Ca2+]iunder in vivo conditions, and, specifically, the effects of different contraction types [e.g., isometric (ISO); eccentric (ECC)] on [Ca2+]iremain to be determined. The following hypotheses were tested. 1) For 90 min at rest, an in vivo vs. in vitro preparation would better maintain initial [Ca2+]i. 2) Compared with ISO, ECC contractions (50 contractions, 10 sets, 5-min interval) would lead to a greater increase of [Ca2+]i. 3) Elevated [Ca2+]iduring ECC would be reduced or prevented by the stretch-activated ion channel blockers streptomycin and gadolinium (Gd3+). Spinotrapezius muscles of Wistar rats were exteriorized (in vivo) or excised (in vitro). [Ca2+]iwas evaluated by loading the muscle with fura 2-AM using fluorescence imaging. [Ca2+]irose progressively beyond 40 min at rest under in vitro but not in vivo conditions during the 90-min protocol. In vivo [Ca2+]iincreased more rapidly during ECC (first set) than ISO (fifth set) ( P < 0.05 vs. precontraction values). The peak level of [Ca2+]iwas increased by 21.5% (ISO) and 42.8% (ECC) after 10 sets (both P < 0.01). Streptomycin and Gd3+abolished the majority of [Ca2+]iincrease during ECC (69 and 86% reduction, respectively; P < 0.01 from peak [Ca2+]iof ECC). In conclusion, in vivo quantitative analyses demonstrated that ECC contractions elevate [Ca2+]isignificantly more than ISO contractions and that stretch-activated channels may play a permissive role in this response.
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