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Kerr MD, McBride DA, Johnson WT, Chumber AK, Najibi AJ, Seo BR, Stafford AG, Scadden DT, Mooney DJ, Shah NJ. Immune-responsive biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing neutrophil regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10309. [PMID: 36684088 PMCID: PMC9842036 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential effector cells for mediating rapid host defense and their insufficiency arising from therapy-induced side-effects, termed neutropenia, can lead to immunodeficiency-associated complications. In autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), neutropenia is a complication that limits therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report the development and in vivo evaluation of an injectable, biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based scaffold, termed HA cryogel, with myeloid responsive degradation behavior. In mouse models of immune deficiency, we show that the infiltration of functional myeloid-lineage cells, specifically neutrophils, is essential to mediate HA cryogel degradation. Post-HSCT neutropenia in recipient mice delayed degradation of HA cryogels by up to 3 weeks. We harnessed the neutrophil-responsive degradation to sustain the release of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) from HA cryogels. Sustained release of G-CSF from HA cryogels enhanced post-HSCT neutrophil recovery, comparable to pegylated G-CSF, which, in turn, accelerated cryogel degradation. HA cryogels are a potential approach for enhancing neutrophils and concurrently assessing immune recovery in neutropenic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Kerr
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - David A. McBride
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wade T. Johnson
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arun K. Chumber
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexander J. Najibi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexander G. Stafford
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - David T. Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nisarg J. Shah
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Program in ImmunologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Waeijen-Smit K, Reynaert NL, Beijers RJHCG, Houben-Wilke S, Simons SO, Spruit MA, Franssen FME. Alterations in plasma hyaluronic acid in patients with clinically stable COPD versus (non)smoking controls. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15883. [PMID: 34354097 PMCID: PMC8342478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key component of the extracellular matrix. HA and its metabolism are suggested to be altered in the lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study explored systemic HA, and its metabolic regulators, in patients with clinically stable COPD and smoking and non-smoking controls. Furthermore, associations of HA with acute exacerbations (AECOPD), airway-related hospitalizations, systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk were studied. In total, 192 patients with moderate to very severe COPD [aged 62.3 y (± SD 7.0)], 84 smoking controls [aged 61.8 y (± 5.7)], and 107 non-smoking controls [aged 60.1 y (± 7.0)] were included. Plasma HA was reduced in patients with COPD compared to non-smoking controls (p = 0.033), but was comparable after adjusting for age and sex. Expression of HAS-3 did not differ between groups, but was substantially less detectable in more patients with COPD than (non)smoking controls (p < 0.001). Expression of HYAL-2 was enhanced in patients with COPD versus smoking (p = 0.019) and non-smoking (p < 0.001) controls, also in the age- and sex- adjusted model (p < 0.001). Plasma HA was not associated with AECOPD, airway-related hospitalizations in the previous year, or systemic inflammation in COPD. Arterial pulse wave velocity explained some of the variance (< 10%) in plasma HA (p = 0.006). Overall, these results indicate that expression of HYAL-2, but not plasma HA nor HAS-3, is enhanced in patients with COPD compared to (non)smoking controls. Furthermore, HA was not associated with clinical outcomes, yet, cardiovascular risk might play a role in its systemic regulation in stable COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiki Waeijen-Smit
- Department of Research and Education, Ciro, Horn, The Netherlands. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne J H C G Beijers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sami O Simons
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- Department of Research and Education, Ciro, Horn, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- Department of Research and Education, Ciro, Horn, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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DellaValle B, Manresa-Arraut A, Hasseldam H, Stensballe A, Rungby J, Larsen A, Hempel C. Detection of Glycan Shedding in the Blood: New Class of Multiple Sclerosis Biomarkers? Front Immunol 2018; 9:1254. [PMID: 29915593 PMCID: PMC5994890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating autoimmune disease, afflicting people in the prime of their lives. Presently, after initial clinical presentation, there are no reliable markers for whether a patient will develop MS, or whether their prognosis will be aggressive or relapsing–remitting. Furthermore, many MS patients do not respond to treatment. Thus, markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment-responsiveness are lacking for a disease, where a precision medicine approach would be valuable. The glycocalyx (GLX) is the carbohydrate-rich outer surface of the blood vessel wall and is the first interaction between the blood and the vessel. We hypothesized that cleavage of the GLX may be an early stage predictor of immune attack, blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and disease severity in MS. Methods Two experimental models of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), were included in this study. EAE was induced in C57BL/6J mice and Lewis rats, which were monitored for weight loss and clinical presentation in comparison to healthy controls. Plasma samples were obtained longitudinally from mice until peak disease severity and at peak disease severity in rats. Soluble GLX-associated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and proteoglycans (PG) were detected in plasma samples. Results All animals receiving EAE emulsion developed fulminant EAE (100% penetrance). Increased plasma levels of chondroitin sulfate were detected before the onset of clinical symptoms and remained elevated at peak disease severity. Hyaluronic acid was increased at the height of the disease, whereas heparan sulfate was transiently increased during early stages only. By contrast, syndecans 1, 3, and 4 were detected in EAE samples as well as healthy controls, with no significant differences between the two groups. Discussion In this study, we present data supporting the shedding of the GLX as a new class of biomarker for MS. In particular, soluble, sugar-based GLX components are associated with disease severity in two models of MS, molecules that would not be detected in proteomics-based screens of MS patient samples. Patient studies are presently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian DellaValle
- Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alba Manresa-Arraut
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasseldam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Casper Hempel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Monslow J, Govindaraju P, Puré E. Hyaluronan - a functional and structural sweet spot in the tissue microenvironment. Front Immunol 2015; 6:231. [PMID: 26029216 PMCID: PMC4432798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition from homeostatic to reactive matrix remodeling is a fundamental adaptive tissue response to injury, inflammatory disease, fibrosis, and cancer. Alterations in architecture, physical properties, and matrix composition result in changes in biomechanical and biochemical cellular signaling. The dynamics of pericellular and extracellular matrices, including matrix protein, proteoglycan, and glycosaminoglycan modification are continually emerging as essential regulatory mechanisms underlying cellular and tissue function. Nevertheless, the impact of matrix organization on inflammation and immunity in particular and the consequent effects on tissue healing and disease outcome are arguably under-studied aspects of adaptive stress responses. Herein, we review how the predominant glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) contributes to the structure and function of the tissue microenvironment. Specifically, we examine the evidence of HA degradation and the generation of biologically active smaller HA fragments in pathological settings in vivo. We discuss how HA fragments versus nascent HA via alternate receptor-mediated signaling influence inflammatory cell recruitment and differentiation, resident cell activation, as well as tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss how HA fragmentation impacts restoration of normal tissue function and pathological outcomes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Monslow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priya Govindaraju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Castelnuovo P, Tajana G, Terranova P, Digilio E, Bignami M, Macchi A. From modeling to remodeling of upper airways: Centrality of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid). Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 29:160-7. [PMID: 25899549 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015582316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After traumatic events (accidental or surgical), the respiratory tract activates specific and prolix repairing mechanisms which tend to claw back the primitive differentiated state. The attempt of reactivation of the normal tissue functions is called 'remodeling' and its aim is to reinstate the modeling mechanisms that existed before the damaging event or the pathology's establishment. Endoscopic sinus surgery represents the gold standard treatment for inflammatory, malformative, benign, and, in selected cases, malignant diseases. The surgical technique is commonly described as minimally invasive as the nostrils are used as an access route and therefore does not leave any external scars. Currently, the surgical procedures, even though minimally invasive regarding the way in, are in fact widely destructive towards the surgical target. The healing process and re-epithelialization will depend on the amount of bony tissue that has been exposed and it will be important to stratify the different surgical typologies in order to foresee the increasing difficulty of mucosal healing process. As far as upper inflammatory diseases are concerned, recent studies demonstrated how intranasal hyaluronic acid can positively regulate mucosal glands secretion and modulate inflammatory response, being a useful tool for the improvement of remodeling after endoscopic sinus surgery. Acid has shown to be able to regulate mucosal glands secretion and modulate the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Tajana
- DIFARMA University of Salerno, Italy
| | - P Terranova
- ORL Clinic University of Insubriae, Varese, Italy
| | - E Digilio
- ORL Clinic University of Insubriae, Varese, Italy
| | - M Bignami
- ORL Clinic University of Insubriae, Varese, Italy
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6
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Kolliopoulos C, Bounias D, Bouga H, Kyriakopoulou D, Stavropoulos M, Vynios DH. Hyaluronidases and their inhibitors in the serum of colorectal carcinoma patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 83:299-304. [PMID: 23777618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer. Hyaluronan is involved in this malignancy. Moreover, hyaluronidases - its degrading enzymes - display controversial roles regarding their involvement in tumor development. HYAL-1 is the major tumor derived hyaluronidase. The aim of the study was the determination and evaluation of hyaluronidase levels in serum of colorectal cancer patients, before and after surgery, with a view to assessing its potential role as a tumor marker for recurrence. By zymography and Western blotting, it was confirmed that HYAL-1 was the only hyaluronidase present in samples. Quantification of its activity indicated a statistically significant decrease in samples seven days postoperatively, compared with the respective ones before surgery. HYAL-1 levels before surgery were significantly reduced in comparison with healthy samples and samples one year postoperatively. Hyaluronidase inhibitor activity was demonstrated under mild alkaline conditions via reverse zymography. A statistically significant increase was observed in samples seven days postoperatively, when compared with samples before surgery. HYAL-1 levels in sera of colorectal cancer patients were lower than those of healthy population, possibly because of the local accumulation of the enzyme in tumor microenvironment. A gradual elevation up to one year postoperatively to reach healthy levels might indicate a role of HYAL-1 levels in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kolliopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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7
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Grünewald N, Groth I, Alban S. Evaluation of Seasonal Variations of the Structure and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracted from the Red Alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux (Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae). Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1155-62. [DOI: 10.1021/bm8014158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Grünewald
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Inken Groth
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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8
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Groth I, Grünewald N, Alban S. Pharmacological profiles of animal- and nonanimal-derived sulfated polysaccharides--comparison of unfractionated heparin, the semisynthetic glucan sulfate PS3, and the sulfated polysaccharide fraction isolated from Delesseria sanguinea. Glycobiology 2008; 19:408-17. [PMID: 19106233 PMCID: PMC2649422 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) such as heparin are known to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, e.g., anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antimetastastic effects. However, since the anticoagulant activity of heparin is dominating, its therapeutic use for other medical indications is limited due to an associated risk of bleeding. Further disadvantages of heparin are its animal origin, the shortage of resources, and its complex and variable composition. However, SP without these limitations may represent a substance class with good prospects for applications other than anticoagulation. In this study, the in vitro pharmacological profiles of two nonanimal-derived SP were investigated in comparison with unfractionated heparin. One is the natural SP fraction from the red algae Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP). The other one is the chemically defined PS3, a semisynthetic β-1,3-glucan sulfate with proven in vivo anti-inflammatory and antimetastatic activities. All three polysaccharides were examined in vitro for their inhibitory effects on the coagulation and complement system, polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, hyaluronidase, matrix metalloproteinase-1, heparanase, and p-selectin-mediated cell adhesion. Compared with heparin, the nonanimal-derived polysaccharides have a four times weaker anticoagulant activity, but mostly exhibit stronger (1.4–224 times) effects on test systems investigating targets of inflammation or metastasis. According to their different structures, PS3 and D.s.-SP differ in their pharmacological profile with PS3 being the strongest inhibitor of heparanase and cell adhesion and D.s.-SP being the strongest inhibitor of hyaluronidase and complement activation. Considering both pharmacological profile and pharmaceutical quality parameters, PS3 represents a candidate for further development as an anti-inflammatory or antimetastatic drug whereas D.s.-SP might have perspectives for cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Groth
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, 24116 Kiel, Germany
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9
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Pan H, Jiang H, Chen W. The biodegradability of electrospun Dextran/PLGA scaffold in a fibroblast/macrophage co-culture. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1583-92. [PMID: 18192003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast and macrophage are 2 dominant cell types respond cooperatively to degrade implanted biomaterials. Using an electrospun Dextran/Poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) scaffold as a model, an in vitro fibroblast/macrophage co-culture system was developed to investigate the degradability of implantable biodegradable materials. SEM showed that both fibroblasts and macrophages were able to degrade the scaffold, separately or cooperatively. Under the synergistic coordination of macrophages and fibroblasts, scaffolds showed faster degradation rate than their counterparts incubated with a single type of cells as well as in PBS or cell culture medium. Lysozyme, non-specific esterase (NSE), gelatinase, hyaluronidase-1 and alpha-glucosidase were up-regulated in the presence of the scaffold, suggesting their roles in the cell-mediated scaffold degradation. In addition, the expressions of cell surface receptors CD204 and Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) were elevated 1 week after cell seeding, implying that these receptors might be involved in scaffold degradation. The results of in vivo subdermal implantation of the scaffold further confirmed the biodegradability of the Dextran/PLGA scaffold. The fibroblast/macrophage co-culture model adequately mimicked the in vivo environment and could be further developed into an in vitro tool for initial biomaterial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, T18-030 Health Sciences Center, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181, United States
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10
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Nakano K, Saito K, Mine S, Matsushita S, Tanaka Y. Engagement of CD44 up-regulates Fas ligand expression on T cells leading to activation-induced cell death. Apoptosis 2007; 12:45-54. [PMID: 17136494 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced cell death (AICD) plays a pivotal role in self-tolerance by deleting autoreactive T cells, but a defect of AICD results in expansion of autoreactive T cells and is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Although the process of AICD is mainly mediated by Fas Ligand (FasL)/Fas signaling, it remains unclear what induces FasL expression on T cells. In the present study, we found that CD44 was the most potent stimulator of FasL expression on human peripheral T cells. CD44 cross-linking rapidly up-regulated FasL expression on the T cell surface by delivery from the cytoplasm without new FasL protein synthesis. This up-regulation of FasL was mediated by activation of a tyrosine kinase, IP3 receptor-dependent Ca(2+) mobilization and actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. Furthermore, AICD induced by CD3 restimulation was inhibited by hyaluronidase as well as by soluble Fas, indicating an interaction between membrane-bound hyaluronan and the cell surface CD44 was involved in the up-regulation of FasL expression on T cells and subsequent AICD. We therefore propose that the engagement of CD44 on T cells can eliminate autoreactive T cells by expression of FasL and FasL-mediated AICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Nakano
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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11
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Fiszer-Szafarz B, Czartoryska B, Tylki-Szymanska A. Serum hyaluronidase aberrations in metabolic and morphogenetic disorders. Glycoconj J 2006; 22:395-400. [PMID: 16311883 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-005-1390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Revised: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronidases are endo-glycosidases that degrade both hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) (HA) and chondroitin sulfates. Deficiency of hyaluronidase activity has been predicted to result in a phenotype similar to that observed in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). In the present study, we surveyed a variety of patients with phenotypes similar to those observed in MPS, but without significant mucopolysacchariduria to determine if some are based on aberrations in serum hyaluronidase (Hyal-1) activity. The study included patients with well-characterized dysmorphic disorders occurring on genetic basis, as well as those of unkown etiology. The purpose of the study was to establish how wide spread were abnormalities in levels of circulating Hyal-1 activity. A simple and sensitive semi-quantitative zymographic procedure was used for the determination of activity. Levels of both beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase whose activities contribute to the total breakdown of hyaluronan (HA) were also measured, as well as the concentration of circulating HA. Among 48 patients with bone or connective tissue abnormalities, low levels of Hyal-1 activity were found in six patients compared to levels in 100 healthy donors (2.0-3.2 units/microL vs 6(+/- 1 SE) units/microL). These six patients exhibited a wide spectrum of clinical abnormalities, in particular shortened extremities: they included three patients with unknown causes of clinical symptoms, one patient with Sanfilippo disease, one of the seven patients with achondroplasia, and one with hypophosphotemic rickets. Normal levels of serum Hyal-1 activities were found in patients with Morquio disease, GM1 gangliosidosis, I cell-disease, 6 of the 7 patients with achondroplasia, Marfan's-syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. No patient totally lacked serum Hyal-1 activity. Serum HA concentration was elevated in patients with Sanfilippo A and I-cell disease. Determination of serum and leukocyte Hyal-1 and serum HA may be useful to evaluate patients with metabolic and morphogenetic disorders.
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12
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Bertrand P, Courel MN, Maingonnat C, Jardin F, Tilly H, Bastard C. Expression ofHYAL2 mRNA, hyaluronan and hyaluronidase in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Relationship with tumor aggressiveness. Int J Cancer 2004; 113:207-12. [PMID: 15386412 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronidases and their substrate, hyaluronan (HA), were mainly explored in solid tumors but rarely in hematologic malignancies. While HA involvement was demonstrated in invasion and metastasis in most cases of solid tumors, the role of hyaluronidases in cancer progression remains controversial. One of the hyaluronidases, HYAL2, is suspected to be involved in the first step of HA degradation. In this work, HYAL2 mRNA, HA and total hyaluronidases expression were examined in lymphoma tissue extracts and correlated to the lymphoma subtype. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to evaluate HYAL2 mRNA. HA and hyaluronidase were assayed by enzyme-linked sorbent assay. Our results showed that HYAL2 mRNA expression was correlated to lymphoma diagnosis (p = 6 x 10(-3)) and was significantly lower in high-grade lymphoma, i.e., diffuse large B-cell diffuse lymphomas (DLBCLs). Several forms of hyaluronidase were detected by zymography and total hyaluronidase activity detected in tissue extracts was not significantly different according to tumor grade. HA levels also correlated to lymphoma subtype (p = 1 x 10(-5)) and were higher in DLBCLs. Moreover, HYAL2 mRNA and HA expressions were inversely correlated (p = 0.035). HYAL2 gene is localized on chromosome 3p21, which contains candidates tumor suppressor genes. Our results suggest that HYAL2 may have a prognostic significance in lymphomas and an antioncogenic activity. Conversely, HA overexpression in high-grade lymphomas is in favor of its involvement in tumor development and could provide a useful target for lymphoma therapy using HA-binding peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bertrand
- INSERM EMI 9906-IFR23, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Centre Henri-Becquerel, Rue d'Amiens, 76038 Rouen Cedex, France.
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13
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Maingonnat C, Courel MN, Bertrand P, Vincent JC, Sesboüé R, Delpech B. Hyaluronidase in sera of tumour-bearing nude mice. Biomarkers 2003; 8:333-8. [PMID: 12944181 DOI: 10.1080/1354750031000120143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines often secrete hyaluronidase, suggesting that this enzyme could be used as a marker of growing tumours. We have measured hyaluronidase in the sera of non-grafted mice and mice grafted with human tumour-derived hyaluronidase-secreting H460M and SA87 cells or non-secreting CB 193 cells. Mouse serum hyaluronidase was measured at pH 3.8 using the enzyme-linked sorbent assay (ELSA) technique by reference to human serum whose activity at pH 3.8 was determined by the Reissig technique. The serum hyaluronidase in non-grafted mice ranged from 310-520 mU l(-1) (mean+/-SD 432+/-70 mU l(-1), median 440 mU l(-1)). Hyaluronidase increased in the sera of tumour-bearing mice grafted with H460M cells or with SA87 cells, but not in the sera of mice grafted with CB 193 cells. Serum hyaluronidase activity in H460M or SA87 tumour-bearing mice correlated with the tumour mass, increased with time, and decreased after tumour removal. Zymography detected two different hyaluronidase forms in the sera of non-grafted mice: type 1 had only one hyaluronidase band and type 2 had five different bands. In both types, enzyme augmentation in tumour-bearing mice correlated with the presence of an additional enzyme band that was not seen in normal sera and that migrated as the cancer cell enzyme did; there was no augmentation of the normal isoform(s). These results show that serum hyaluronidase can be used to follow the development of tumours in mice grafted with hyaluronidase-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Maingonnat
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Henri-Becquerel, Rue d'Amiens, 76000 Rouen, France.
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Termeer C, Sleeman JP, Simon JC. Hyaluronan--magic glue for the regulation of the immune response? Trends Immunol 2003; 24:112-4. [PMID: 12615203 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Termeer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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