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Harbood OM, Abbas RF. Salivary Fractalkine Differentiating Periodontitis from Periodontally Healthy Subjects. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:3007148. [PMID: 38590803 PMCID: PMC11001466 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3007148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The chemokine "Fractalkine" (CX3CL1) and its corresponding receptor (CX3CR1), chemokine belonging to the CX3C family, have an essential role in developing several systemic inflammatory disorders. Accordingly, the proliferation, adhesion, and migration of inflammatory cells are all affected by it. In light of this, the present study attempts to address the following questions: (1) Is the salivary level of fractalkine and its receptor associated with periodontitis patients with different severities? (2) Is it possible to distinguish periodontitis from periodontally healthy subjects? Methods This study included 30 individuals who had been considered controls, having healthy periodontium, and 90 patients with varying stages of periodontitis. The patients were equally divided into three groups: those with Stage I, Stage II, and Stage III. After each subject's saliva was collected, periodontal markers including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to detect the protein levels of salivary CX3CL1 and CX3CR1. Results In comparison to the control group, patients with periodontitis had statistically increased salivary concentrations of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 (P < 0.001). Additionally, all clinical periodontal indicators (BOP, PPD, and CAL) had a strong association with salivary CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 levels. Furthermore, by using the ROC (receiver operating characteristic), both biomarkers showed a good ability to differentiate periodontitis from periodontally healthy subjects, and an excellent ability to distinguish Stage I and Stage III periodontitis from periodontally healthy subjects. The AUC for salivary CX3L1 and its receptors, CX3R, was 0.93 and 0.8, respectively, to distinguish Stage I from patients with good periodontal health. In contrast, the biomarkers' AUC for separating individuals with Stage III periodontitis from those in healthy periodontal conditions was 1. Conclusion Fractalkine and its receptor are linked to periodontitis and may distinguish between periodontitis and healthy periodontal tissues, suggesting its role as a possible part of periodontal disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Mohammed Harbood
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raghad Fadhil Abbas
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Varma S, Thomas B, Subrahmanyam K, Duarte K, Alsaegh MA, Gopinath D, Kuriadom ST, Narayanan J, Desai VB, Khair AMB, Afrashtehfar KI. Salivary levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in periodontitis patients with and without acute myocardial infarction: implications for cardiovascular risk assessment. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1332980. [PMID: 38433948 PMCID: PMC10904480 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1332980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is initiated by a dysbiotic activity and furthermore leads to a chronic inflammatory response. The presence of pro-inflammatory markers plays an important role in the inflammatory load. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are pro- inflammatory biomarkers that quantify clinical and subclinical inflammation in cardiac ischemia in cardiac inflammation and disease. Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory marker associated with good health. The susceptibility of periodontitis patients to cardiovascular events needs to be evaluated. Objective This study aims to assess the levels of biomarkers in periodontitis patients with and without acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to controls. Material and methods Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory analytes were examined by collecting unstimulated saliva from three groups (n = 20/each): healthy individuals, individuals with stage III periodontitis, and post-myocardial infarction patients with stage III periodontitis. The samples were collected within 48 h of AMI. Results Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in patients with periodontitis with and without AMI compared to controls, while CRP and MIP-1α were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis with and without AMI compared to controls. The highest titers for MIP-1α and CRP were detected among patients with periodontitis with and AMI. Conclusion Our study provides possible evidence of the association between periodontitis and salivary analytes that occur in tandem with cardiovascular disease. The lower levels of Adiponectin and higher levels of CRP and MIP-1α in patients with periodontitis indicate that this condition is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The findings emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention for periodontitis patients to prevent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Varma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Biju Thomas
- AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - K. Subrahmanyam
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- K.S. Hegde Hospital, Mangalore, India
| | - Kimberly Duarte
- AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
- K.S. Hegde Hospital, Mangalore, India
| | - Mohammed A. Alsaegh
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sam T. Kuriadom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jayaraj Narayanan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijay B. Desai
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Medical School, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Vasconcelos e Cruz J, Notter F, Schick F, Lechner J. Comparison of Cytokine RANTES/CCL5 Inflammation in Apical Periodontitis and in Jawbone Cavitations - Retrospective Clinical Study. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:67-80. [PMID: 38197033 PMCID: PMC10775705 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s442693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Apical periodontitis (AP) is one of the most common endodontic diseases associated with osteo destructive cytokine production. The literature also reports cytokine studies in fatty degenerative osteonecrotic bone marrow defects (BMDJ/FDOJ) independent of AP. Objective We compare the RANTES/CCL5 (R/C) chemokine production between AP and BMDJ/FDOJ. For both pathologies, the R/C expression was also compared to radiographic diagnosis in 2D-OPG, 3D-CBCT/DVT. Material and Methods Postoperative samples were collected and divided in three different groups: HB (healthy jawbone) (n=19), APs (n=19), and BMDJ/FDOJ (n=7). The R/C expression was evaluated using multiplex analysis. In addition, two clinical cases from AP and BMDJ/FDOJ groups were randomly selected and radiographic diagnosis in 2D-OPG and 3D-CBCT/DVT was compared to TAU measurements and R/C expression in AP and in BMDJ/FDOJ. Results BMDJ/FDOJ showed the highest R/C expression (2498.71 pg/mL), followed by AP (841.85 pg/mL) and HB (149.85 pg/mL) (AP vs BMDJ/FDOJ = p=0.01; AP vs HB = p=<0.01; BMDJ/FDOJ vs HB = p=<0.01). In both clinical cases, the radiographic findings depict the AP areas in OPG and CBCT/DVT, in contrast to the BMDJ/FDOJ areas. Conversely, the systemic immunological R/C expressions are threefold and fivefold excessive in both cases. Discussion AP is recognized as a pathology requiring treatment, while the pathogenesis of BMDJ/FDOJ is controversially discussed in the literature, despite stronger potential systemic immunological effects (breast cancer (case 1) and multiple sclerosis (case 2)). The inadequate radiographic representation of reduced bone density in BMDJ/FDOJ areas could be a reason for this contradiction. Conclusion The data presented provide the first quantitative analysis of R/C expression in AP and BMDJ/FDOJ. BMDJ/FDOJ showed high R/C expression than AP, besides the diagnostic through radiographs being extremely poor. To cover this imprecision, a radiation-free TAU device is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vasconcelos e Cruz
- Dental Materials, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, Portugal
- Dental Materials, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Caparica, Portugal
| | - Florian Notter
- Dental Surgeon, Clinic for Integrative Dentistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Schick
- Dental Surgeon, Clinic for Integrative Dentistry, Munich, Germany
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Annunziata M, Arcadio F, Borriello A, Bencivenga D, Piccirillo A, Stampone E, Zeni L, Cennamo N, Della Ragione F, Guida L. A novel plasmonic optical-fiber-based point-of-care test for periodontal MIP-1α detection. iScience 2023; 26:108539. [PMID: 38089574 PMCID: PMC10711496 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The analysis of salivary biomarkers as expression of periodontal health conditions has been proposed as a useful aid to conventional diagnostic approaches. In this study, we present a point-of-care test (POCT) exploiting a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based optical biosensor to detect salivary macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, a promising marker of periodontitis. A plastic optical fiber (POF) was suitably modified and functionalized by an antibody self-assembled monolayer against MIP-1α for plasmonic detection. The proposed SPR-POF biosensor showed high selectivity and very low limit of detection for MIP-1α of 129 fM (1.0 pg/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline and 346 fM (2.7 pg/mL) in saliva. As a proof of concept, this POCT was also able to discriminate between a periodontitis patient and a healthy subject. The obtained results support the future application of this technology for an on-site detection and real-time monitoring of periodontal health conditions for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Annunziata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Arcadio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Adriana Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Piccirillo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Della Ragione
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Guida
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Ghosh S, Buyyanapragada GC, Gavali N, Ismail M, Elangovan R, Sri Lakshmi NR. Effects of Scaling and Root Planing on Salivary Interleukine-6 Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients and Glycemic Controls. Cureus 2023; 15:e45388. [PMID: 37854742 PMCID: PMC10579968 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis have a bidirectional relationship that is well documented in many reviews and epidemiological studies. Periodontitis has been referred to as the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Various studies showed improvement in Interleukin-6 levels as well as metabolic parameters after non-surgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM. Objective: To evaluate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on salivary levels of IL-6 and assessment of clinical parameters in CP patients with and without T2DM. METHODS We included 50 CP patients with well-controlled T2DM (Group I), and 50 CP patients without T2DM as controls (Group II) with evident clinical inflammation, ≥ 5mm probing depth (PD) and a relative attachment level (RAL) of ≥ 5mm. Following a brief medical and dental history plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (BI), PD, and RAL were recorded, and an unstimulated saliva was collected. Following SRP therapy, the clinical parameters and IL-6 levels were measured after seven days, 14 days, and 30 days. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were carried out using a paired t-test and an independent t-test. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Data were analyzed using computer software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS Intergroup comparisons of IL-6 levels at different intervals showed a significantly higher reduction in Group II than in Group I (p=0.000). While the mean difference in the GI scores from baseline to 30 days was significantly higher in Group I patients (p=0.000), the difference in the mean PI (p=0.004), mean BI (p=0.000), mean PD (p=0.000) and mean RAL scores (p=0.000) were significantly higher in Group II patients. CONCLUSION This study indicates that scaling and root planing is effective in glycemic control and also has a role to play in the level of salivary IL-6 in periodontal health and T2DM with chronic periodontitis. Elevated salivary IL-6 levels indicate periodontal inflammation which is further increased in T2DM patients. Hence, elevated IL-6 can be considered a marker of periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Ghosh
- Periodontology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Bilaspur, IND
| | | | - Neelam Gavali
- Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (deemed to be) University, Dental College and Hospital, Pune, IND
| | - Mohammad Ismail
- Periodontology, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, IND
| | - Ramnath Elangovan
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Rwanda, Kigali, RWA
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Lari S, Hiyari S, de Araújo Silva DN, de Brito Bezerra B, Ishii M, Monajemzadeh S, Cui ZK, Tetradis S, Lee M, Pirih FQ. Local delivery of a CXCR3 antagonist decreases the progression of bone resorption induced by LPS injection in a murine model. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5163-5169. [PMID: 35462591 PMCID: PMC9710470 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of locally delivered nanoparticles (AMG-487 NP) containing a CXCR3 antagonist in inhibiting the progression of LPS-induced inflammation, osteoclastic activity, and bone resorption on a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty, 7-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice were used. Inflammatory bone loss was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P.g.-LPS) injections between the first and second maxillary molars, bilaterally, twice a week for 6 weeks (n = 20). AMG-487 NP were incorporated into a liposome carrier and locally delivered on sites where P.g.-LPS was injected. Control mice (n = 10) were injected with vehicle only. Experimental groups included (1) control, (2) LPS, and (3) LPS + NP. At the end of 1 and 6 weeks, mice were euthanized, maxillae harvested, fixed, and stored for further analysis. RESULTS Volumetric bone loss analysis revealed, at 1 week, an increase in bone loss in the LPS group (47.9%) compared to control (27.4%) and LPS + NP (27.8%) groups. H&E staining demonstrated reduced inflammatory infiltrate in the LPS + NP group compared to LPS group. At 6 weeks, volumetric bone loss increased in all groups; however, treatment with the CXCR3 antagonist (LPS + NP) significantly reduced bone loss compared to the LPS group. CXCR3 antagonist treatment significantly reduced osteoclast numbers when compared to LPS group at 1 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that local delivery of a CXCR antagonist, via nanoparticles, in a bone resorption model, induced by LPS injection, was effective in reducing inflammation, osteoclast numbers, and bone loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CXCR3 blockade can be regarded as a novel target for therapeutic intervention of bone loss. It can be a safe and convenient method for periodontitis treatment or prevention applicable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Lari
- School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Hiyari
- School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Davi Neto de Araújo Silva
- School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Dentistry Department, Rio Grande do Norte Federal University, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Brito Bezerra
- School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Makiko Ishii
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Sepehr Monajemzadeh
- School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- School of Dentistry, Section of Oral Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Lee
- School of Dentistry, Section of Biomaterials Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Flavia Q Pirih
- School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Rahim MI, Winkel A, Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis A, Lienenklaus S, Falk CS, Eisenburger M, Stiesch M. Bacterial-Specific Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines Significantly Decreases upon Dual Species Infections of Implant Materials with Periodontal Pathogens in a Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020286. [PMID: 35203495 PMCID: PMC8869624 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine profiles are often perturbed after infections of medical implants. With a non-invasive in vivo imaging system, we report in a mouse model that interferon expression after infection of subcutaneous implants with Streptococcus oralis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola (alone or as a combination) was species-specific, persisted longer in the presence of implants, and notably decreased upon dual species infections. This type I interferon expression disappeared within two weeks; however, histology of implant–tissue interface indicated high recruitment of immune cells even after three weeks. This was suggestive that biomaterial-associated infections could have prolonged effects, including the systemic stimulation of inflammatory cytokines. The present study investigated the systemic impact of this chronic peri-implant inflammation on the systemic expression of inflammatory cytokines (23) using a multiplex assay. Initially, the cytokine measurement in murine fibroblasts exposed to periodontal pathogens remained limited to the expression of five cytokines, namely, IL-6, G-CSF, CXCL-1/KC, MCP-1 (MCAF), and IL-12 (p40). The systemic determination of cytokines in mice increased to 19 cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-17A, CCL-11/Eotaxin, G-CSF, IFN-γ, CXCL1/KC, MCP-1 (MCAF), MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, CCL5/RANTES, and TNF-α). Systemic induction of cytokines was species-specific in the mouse model. The cytokine induction from infected implants differed significantly from sole tissue infections and sterile implants. Notably, systemic cytokine induction decreased after infections with dual species compared to single species infections. These findings describe the systemic effect of chronic peri-implant inflammation on the systemic induction of inflammatory cytokines, and this effect was strongly correlated to the type and composition of initial infection. Systemic modulations in cytokine expression upon dual species infections exhibit an exciting pattern that might explain the complications associated with biomaterial-related infection in patients. Moreover, these findings validate the requirement of multispecies infections for pre-clinical studies involving animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Rahim
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.W.); (A.I.-T.); (M.E.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)511-532-7288
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.W.); (A.I.-T.); (M.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexandra Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.W.); (A.I.-T.); (M.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Michael Eisenburger
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.W.); (A.I.-T.); (M.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.W.); (A.I.-T.); (M.E.); (M.S.)
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Balci N, Cekici A, Kurgan Ş, Sahinkaya S, Serdar MA. Potential biomarkers reflecting inflammation in patients with severe periodontitis: Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor (CX3CR1). J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:589-596. [PMID: 33641164 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine differences in GCF and serum levels of fractalkine/CX3CL1 and its receptor/ CX3CR1 between the patients with stage III/grade B periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. BACKGROUND Fractalkine (CX3CL1), the only member of CX3C chemokine family, is involved in the pathogenesis of several systemic inflammatory diseases' disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, tonsillitis, and diabetes mellitus. It has critical functions in inflammatory cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. METHODS 20 stage III/grade B periodontitis (P) and 20 healthy individuals (control; C) were included in this clinical study (all never smokers and systemically healthy). Clinical periodontal parameters were measured. Serum and GCF levels of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and IL-1β were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reported as total amounts and concentration. RESULTS The GCF concentrations and also total amount of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and IL-1β were statistically significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis compared with control group (P < 0.05). CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and IL-1β levels in the GCF were significantly and positively correlated with all the clinical periodontal parameters (PI, PPD, BOP, and CAL; P < 0.01, P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between IL-1β, CX3CL1, and CX3CR1 concentrations in the GCF (respectively; r = 0.838 and r = 0.874, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Fractalkine and its receptor may play role in mechanisms through the regulation of inflammation or on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Balci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cekici
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şivge Kurgan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selin Sahinkaya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhittin A Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acıbadem University, Ankara, Turkey
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Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Pili-Like Protein Amuc_1100 Modulate Macrophage Polarization in Experimental Periodontitis. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00500-20. [PMID: 33020212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00500-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly implicated in periodontal inflammation, gingival tissue destruction, and alveolar bone loss through sustained exacerbation of the host response. Recently, the use of other bacterial species, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, has been suggested to counteract inflammation elicited by P. gingivalis In this study, the effects of A. muciniphila and its pili-like protein Amuc_1100 on macrophage polarization during P. gingivalis infection were evaluated in a murine model of experimental periodontitis. Mice were gavaged with P. gingivalis alone or in combination with A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 for 6 weeks. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the addition of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. This decreased bone loss was associated with a proresolutive phenotype (M2) of macrophages isolated from submandibular lymph nodes as observed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) at the RNA and protein levels was significantly increased in the gingival tissues of the mice and in macrophages exposed to A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100, confirming their anti-inflammatory properties. This study demonstrates the putative therapeutic interest of the administration of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 in the management of periodontitis through their anti-inflammatory properties.
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10
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Jiang M, Liu L, Liu R, Lam KS, Lane NE, Yao W. A new anabolic compound, LLP2A-Ale, reserves periodontal bone loss in mice through augmentation of bone formation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:76. [PMID: 33187558 PMCID: PMC7664094 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there are no effective medications to reverse periodontal disease (PD)-induced bone loss. The objective of this study was to test a new anabolic compound, LLP2A-Ale, or with the combination treatment of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC), in the treatment of bone loss secondary to PD. METHODS PD was induced in mice by placing a ligature around the second right molar. At one week after disease induction, the mice were treated with placebo, LLP2A-Ale, MSCs, or combination of LLP2A-Ale + MSCs, and euthanized at week 4. RESULTS We found that PD induced alveolar bone loss that was associated with reduced bone formation. LLP2A-Ale alone or in combination with MSCs sustained alveolar bone formation and reversed alveolar bone loss. Additionally, PD alone caused systemic inflammation and increased the circulating levels of G-CSF, IP-10, MIP-1a, and MIP2, which were suppressed by LLP2A-Ale +/- MSCs. LLP2A-Ale +/- MSCs increased bone formation at the peripheral skeletal site (distal femur), which was otherwise suppressed by PD. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that LLP2A-Ale treatment rescued alveolar bone loss caused by PD, primarily by increasing bone formation. LLP2A-Ale also attenuated the circulating levels of a series of inflammatory cytokines and reversed the PD-induced suppression of systemic bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Yunan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, 650031, Yunan, China
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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11
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Abidi AH, Mayall RE, Ruan CX, Ou KL, Walinski CJ. Immunomodulatory activity seen as a result of photobiomodulation therapy in stimulated primary human fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104968. [PMID: 33221565 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral biofilms burden host responses by induction of inflammatory mediators, exacerbating periodontal inflammation. Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) has been shown to decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, optimal wavelengths and exposure doses have not been established. This study investigated the effects of PBMT on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) stimulated with inflammatory mediators (LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β). METHODS Cytotoxic effects of laser wavelengths 660 nm and 810 nm were assessed by measuring their effects on cellular dehydrogenase activity. The study was expanded to include 980 nm, 660 nm + 810 nm, and 810 nm + 980 nm. P.g. LPS, TNF-α, and/or IL-1β were added one hour before irradiation, then exposed to laser irradiation to determine the most appropriate stimulus. The levels of INF-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A/F, and MCP-1 production in stimulated hPDLFs were measured and analyzed. RESULTS P.g. LPS was a poor stimulus for hPDLFs, while TNF-α and IL-1β significantly elevated the analytes. The 660 nm laser treatment induced pro-inflammatory cytokines when stimulated, while 810 nm exhibited significant suppression. IL-1β was the stimulus of choice and the 810 nm wavelength alone exhibited anti-inflammatory effects for all analytes except IL-8, while the 810 nm in combination with 660 nm and/or 980 nm exhibited effects similar to 810 nm alone. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of inflammatory mediators by the combination or individual treatment with 810 nm wavelength shows promise for the management of periodontal inflammation. PBMT may lead to the development of a novel approach in the management of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammaar H Abidi
- Dept of Bioscience Research and Dept of General Dentistry, University of Tennessee College of Dentistry, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Mayall
- Dept of Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee College of Dentistry, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cozy X Ruan
- General Practice Residency, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Keng Liang Ou
- Dept of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Dept of Oral Hygiene Care, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan; 3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan
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12
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Gürsoy UK, Fteita D, Bikker FJ, Grande MA, Nazmi K, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Belstrøm D. Elevated Baseline Salivary Protease Activity May Predict the Steadiness of Gingival Inflammation During Periodontal Healing: A 12-Week Follow-Up Study on Adults. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090751. [PMID: 32942694 PMCID: PMC7558121 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim was to profile salivary total protease, Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain, and neutrophil elastase activities in relation to the resolution of periodontal inflammation, salivary macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α concentrations. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment was performed in 24 periodontitis patients in a prospective interventional study design. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, and stimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment. Salivary total protease and gingipain activities were determined using fluorogenic substrates, elastase activity by chromogenic substrates, and cytokine concentrations by Luminex immunoassay. For statistical analyses, generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures were used. Salivary total protease activity elevated, while gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation decreased 2 and 6 weeks after periodontal therapy. Salivary MDC concentration was elevated 12 weeks after periodontal treatment. Patients with elevated protease activities at baseline in comparison to patients with low baseline total protease activities, had higher levels of gingival inflammation before and after periodontal treatment. In conclusion, elevations in salivary total protease activity seem to be part of periodontal healing at its early phases. Higher levels of salivary total protease activities before periodontal treatment may predict the severity and steadiness of unresolved gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dareen Fteita
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, 1081LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.J.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, 1081LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.J.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.G.); (D.B.)
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13
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Hosokawa I, Hosokawa Y, Ozaki K, Matsuo T. Carnosic acid inhibits inflammatory cytokines production in human periodontal ligament cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:373-378. [PMID: 32538208 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1782427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carnosic acid (CA), which is one of bioactive compounds from rosemary, has various biological activities. However, the effect of CA on periodontal ligament cells is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CA on inflammatory cytokines production in human periodontal ligament cells. METHODS Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured by ELISA. Activations of signal transduction pathway were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Treatment of CA decreased inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2, and CCL20 productions in IL-1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that CA could suppress Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 pathway activation in IL-1β or TNF-α-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that CA has anti-inflammatory effects in human periodontal ligament cells by inhibiting JNK, NF-κB and STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Hosokawa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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14
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Bartold PM, Lopez‐Oliva I. Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: An update 2012‐2017. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:189-212. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mark Bartold
- Department of Dentistry University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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15
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Grande MA, Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Holmstrup P, Könönen E, Gursoy M, Gursoy UK. Salivary concentrations of macrophage activation-related chemokines are influenced by non-surgical periodontal treatment: a 12-week follow-up study. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 12:1694383. [PMID: 31893018 PMCID: PMC6913660 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1694383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: During periodontal inflammation, bacteria induces chemokine expression and migration of various inflammatory cells. The aim of the study was to learn if periodontal treatment alters salivary concentrations of macrophage activation-related chemokines and if such alterations correlate with abundance of periodontitis-associated bacteria. Methods: Twenty-five patients with periodontitis completed the study (NCT02913248 at clinicaltrials.gov). Periodontal parameters and stimulated saliva samples were obtained at baseline and 2, 6 and 12 weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Salivary concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP-1-4), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α) and interferon-inducible protein (IP-10) were quantified using the Luminex® xMAP™ technique and abundance of bacteria was quantified using next-generation sequencing. Results: The treatment improved all periodontal parameters and caused an increase in the concentrations of MCP-2, MDC and MIP-1α at week 12 compared to baseline, week 2 and week 6, respectively. Salivary concentrations of MCP-1-2, MDC, MIG, MIP-1α and IP-10 correlated with the abundance of specific periodontitis-associated bacteria. Conclusions: Periodontal treatment impacts salivary concentrations of MCP-2, MDC and MIP-1α, which correlate with the abundance of specific periodontitis-associated bacteria. This indicates that these chemokines reflect periodontal status and possess potential in illustrating a response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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16
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Lopez-Oliva I, de Pablo P, Dietrich T, Chapple I. Gums and joints: is there a connection? Part two: the biological link. Br Dent J 2019; 227:611-617. [PMID: 31605072 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD) are inflammatory diseases characterised by an exacerbated immune-inflammatory reaction that leads to the destruction of bone and other connective tissues that share numerous similarities. Although a significant and independent association between these two conditions has been described, the pathophysiological processes that may explain this relationship remain unknown and multiple theories have been proposed. This review presents the most important theories currently proposed to explain the biological link between RA and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lopez-Oliva
- Periodontal Research Group, Birmingham Dental School, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Paola de Pablo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Dietrich
- Periodontal Research Group, Birmingham Dental School, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, Birmingham Dental School, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
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17
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Kayar NA, Çelik İ, Alptekin NÖ. Immune responses in women with periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: Levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in gingival granulation tissue. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104551. [PMID: 31542704 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm Low-Birth-Weight (PLBW) is frequently associated with periodontal disease. However, the mechanism is still unknown. The present study was performed to examine the possible link between periodontal infections and PLBW in post-partum women utilizing clinical parameters and CD4+ and CD8 + T lymphocytes ratio in gingival granulation tissue. MATERIALS The tissues used in this study consisted of 35 gingival granulation tissue biopsies from 35 mothers of healthy infants (HTBW), 35 biopsies of gingival granulation tissue from 35 mothers of PLBW within one month postpartum and gingival tissue biopsies from 7 control individual with no periodontal disease (HC). CD4+ and CD8 + T lymphocyte ratios in a unit area of the gingival granulation tissue were determined by hystometrically. Statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS CD8 + T lymphocytes were more prevalent in the PLBW group than in the HTBW and HC group (P < 0.05). The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the PLBW group was lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in CD4 + T lymphocytes counts between all groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study it can be concluded that CD8 + T lymphocytes in gingival tissue may play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and PLBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezahat Arzu Kayar
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Antalya, 07058, Turkey.
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Selcuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Özlem Alptekin
- Başkent University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Oliveira SHP, Brito VGB, Frasnelli SCT, Ribeiro BDS, Ferreira MN, Queiroz DP, Beltan CT, Lara VS, Santos CF. Aliskiren Attenuates the Inflammatory Response and Wound Healing Process in Diabetic Mice With Periodontal Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:708. [PMID: 31333451 PMCID: PMC6620569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the role of local RAS (renin–angiotensin system) in the inflammatory response of normal (N) and diabetic (D) mice with periodontal disease (PD). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was induced by peritoneal injection of streptozotocin in Balb/c mice. PD was induced by ligature around the first molar in both N and D, irrespective of whether they were treated with aliskiren (50 mg/kg, Alisk). Mandibles were harvested for histomorphometric analyses, and gingival tissue (GT) was collected to evaluate gene expression and extracellular matrix components (ECM). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were used to localize RAS in GT. The production of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-1β, CXCL2, and CCL8 was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Renin was found to exacerbate the inflammation and periodontal bone loss at 14 days after PD, and Alisk inhibited this process in GT of N and D. PD increased CRP, CXCL2, CCL8, and IL-1β production in both animals. Alisk could inhibit CRP, CXCL2, and CCL8 primarily in D animals. However, only CCL8 was decreased in N animals after Alisk pretreatment. PD enhanced expression and production of AGT, ACE, AT1R, and AT2R in both N and D. AT1R expression was higher in D with PD, and AT2R expression was higher in N with PD. ACE2 and receptor Mas (MasR) expression and production was elevated in the control group of both animals. PD inhibited ACE2 in N but not in D. MasR expression was unaffected in both N and D with PD. Alisk reduced expression and production of all RAS components in GT of both animals, except for ACE2 in N. RAS staining was observed in all layers of epithelium, basal cell layer, and lamina propria and was higher in N with PD. Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, and fibronectin (Fn1) were increased in both animals with PD. Alisk inhibited Col1a1 and Fn in both animals, Col1a2 was decreased only in D, while levels of Col3a1 remained unchanged in all animal groups. In conclusion, these data demonstrated the presence and functional role of local RAS in GT, exacerbating the inflammatory response, periodontal bone loss, and wound healing processes in both N and D animal groups. In addition, Alisk was able to significantly reduce gingival inflammation, excessive wound healing processes, and periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Cruz Tfaile Frasnelli
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca da Silva Ribeiro
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Nunes Ferreira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dayane Priscilla Queiroz
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carluci Taís Beltan
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
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19
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Martínez-Aguilar VM, Carrillo-Ávila BA, Sauri-Esquivel EA, Guzmán-Marín E, Jiménez-Coello M, Escobar-García DM, Pozos-Guillén A. Quantification of TNF- α in Patients with Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7984891. [PMID: 31355282 PMCID: PMC6637683 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7984891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to compare variations in quantified tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in patients with periodontitis stage 2 grade B (POD2B) and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to identify any relationships between this cytokine and these diseases. METHODS Levels of the cytokine TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with POD2B and/or T2D were evaluated. A total of 160 subjects were distributed into four groups: those with POD2B (n=44); those with T2D (n=37); those with POD2B/T2D (n=40); and healthy subjects (n=39). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose (BG) levels were quantified in each subject. Data were collected on body mass index (BMI), loss of insertion (LI), and probe depth (PD). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the most acutely affected periodontal pocket and gingival sulcus in each subject, and TNF-α was quantified by multiplex analysis. RESULTS Kruskal Wallis tests was used to identify differences in TNF-α levels, LI, PD, BMI, BG, and HbA1c by group. Differences (p<0.001) were found for LI, PD, BG, and HbA1c. A Spearman test was used to calculate possible correlations between TNF-α levels and LI or PD identified a weak but significant negative correlation of TNF-α with LI (Rho=-0199; p=0.012), and a moderately positive correlation of LI with PD (Rho=0.509; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS No variation was found between TNF-α levels and the presence of POD2B, POD2B/T2D, or T2D, suggesting the absence of any direct relationship between progression of these diseases and TNF-α levels. However, a correlation was present between low TNF-α concentrations and greater LI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Martínez-Aguilar
- Department of Specialization in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, YUC 97000, Mexico
| | - Bertha A. Carrillo-Ávila
- Department of Specialization in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, YUC 97000, Mexico
| | - Eduardo A. Sauri-Esquivel
- Department of Specialization in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, YUC 97000, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Guzmán-Marín
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Regional Research Center “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, University of Yucatan, Mérida, YUC 97000, Mexico
| | - Matilde Jiménez-Coello
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Regional Research Center “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, University of Yucatan, Mérida, YUC 97000, Mexico
| | - Diana María Escobar-García
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
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20
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Algate K, Haynes D, Fitzsimmons T, Romeo O, Wagner F, Holson E, Reid R, Fairlie D, Bartold P, Cantley M. Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 inhibition suppresses cytokine production and osteoclast bone resorption in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:244-258. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Algate
- Bone and Joint Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - David Haynes
- Bone and Joint Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Tracy Fitzsimmons
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Dental School The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Ornella Romeo
- Bone and Joint Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Florence Wagner
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Edward Holson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Robert Reid
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - David Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Peter Bartold
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Dental School The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Melissa Cantley
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Cancer Theme South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia
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21
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Elahmady M, Adawi Z, Aboushadi N, Elnaggar A, Eid M, Hamdy N, Sanaa D, Dörfer CE. The periodontal stem/progenitor cell inflammatory-regenerative cross talk: A new perspective. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:81-94. [PMID: 30295324 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult multipotent stem/progenitor cells, with remarkable regenerative potential, have been isolated from various components of the human periodontium. These multipotent stem/progenitor cells include the periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), the gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs), and the alveolar bone proper stem/progenitor cells (AB-MSCs). Whereas inflammation is regarded as the reason for tissue damage, it also remains a fundamental step of any early healing process. In performing their periodontal tissue regenerative/reparative activity, periodontal stem/progenitor cells interact with their surrounding inflammatory micro-environmental, through their expressed receptors, which could influence their fate and the outcome of any periodontal stem/progenitor cell-mediated reparative/regenerative activity. The present review discusses the current understanding about the interaction of periodontal stem/progenitor cells with their surrounding inflammatory micro-environment, elaborates on the inflammatory factors influencing their stemness, proliferation, migration/homing, differentiation, and immunomodulatory attributes, the possible underlying intracellular mechanisms, as well as their proposed relationship to the canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Zeina Adawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Elnaggar
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maryam Eid
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nayera Hamdy
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Sanaa
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Lechner J, Rudi T, von Baehr V. Osteoimmunology of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and RANTES/CCL5: a review of known and poorly understood inflammatory patterns in osteonecrosis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2018; 10:251-262. [PMID: 30519117 PMCID: PMC6233471 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s184498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune and bone systems are closely linked via cytokine cross-talk. This interdisciplinary field of research is referred to as osteoimmunology and pertains to inflammatory and osteoarticular diseases that feature the primary expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6. Objective Are there bone resorptive processes wherein chronic inflammatory conditions are not linked to TNF-α and IL-6 expression, but rather to the expression of other cytokines? Materials and methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed Central. Discussion Although all diseases with cytokines involved in bone resorption (TNF-α and IL-6) are at the forefront of destructive inflammatory processes, there is one exception in the literature: fatty oxide osteoporosis/osteolysis in the jawbone (FDOJ), which is associated with significant bone softening. However, it should be noted that TNF-α and IL-6 fall below the levels found in a healthy jawbone in this condition. Another conspicuous finding is that there is a nearly 35-fold overexpression of the chemokine RANTES/CCL5 (R/C) in all FDOJ cases studied thus far in the literature. Conclusion FDOJ appears to represent a unique cytokine and inflammatory pattern from osteolysis in the body. R/C can be defined as the dominant carrier of a “maxillomandibular osteoimmunology”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Lechner
- Clinic for Integrative Dentistry, Munich 81547, Germany,
| | - Tatjana Rudi
- Institute for Epidemiological Studies, Berlin 10709, Germany
| | - Volker von Baehr
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Institute for Medical Diagnostics in MVZ GbR, Berlin 12247, Germany
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23
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Aldahlawi S, Youssef AR, Shahabuddin S. Evaluation of chemokine CXCL10 in human gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and serum as periodontitis biomarker. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:389-396. [PMID: 30464571 PMCID: PMC6216963 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s177188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate CXCL10 as a biomarker for periodontitis by determining the CXCL10 levels in saliva, serum, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from periodontally healthy control subjects and adult subjects with chronic periodontitis. Patients and methods Adult patients seeking dental treatment at Umm Al-Qura University dental clinic underwent a complete periodontal examination, and saliva, serum, and GCF samples were collected. Subjects were classified as chronic periodontitis patients (n=31) if they have a periodontal probing depth (PD) of ≥4 mm and/or clinical attachment level (CAL) of ≥3 mm in >30% of the teeth. The control group (n=25) had PD ≤3 mm and/or CAL ≤2 mm. ELISA was performed to determine the concentration of CXCL10 in saliva, serum, and GCF samples. Student’s t-test was carried out to evaluate the significant difference between different groups. Spearman’s correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between the levels of CXCL10 and the clinical periodontal parameters. P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results Significantly higher concentrations of CXCL10 were found in saliva and serum in chronic periodontitis patients as compared with the controls (272±60.4 pg/mL and 72±13.4 pg/mL vs 130±22.2 pg/mL and 44.08±4.5 pg/mL, P≤0.05). The CXCL10 levels in GCF were higher in the periodontitis group as compared with the control group (66.36±32.0 pg/mL and 44.56±17.5 pg/mL, respectively); the difference did not reach statistical significance (P≥0.05). Moreover, serum CXCL10 level was significantly higher in periodontitis patients with moderate to severe bone loss as compared with those with mild bone loss (71.05±4.7 pg/mL vs 54.8±7.7 pg/mL, P≤0.05). The serum CXCL10 levels were found to be related to CAL measurements (r=0.3, P=0.026), while the saliva CXCL10 levels were related to PD measurements (r=0.8, P=0.0007). Conclusion CXCL10 is significantly increased in periodontitis subjects as compared with controls and could be used as a marker for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Aldahlawi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Abdel-Rahman Youssef
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Syed Shahabuddin
- Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Deportment of Biology, City Colleges of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Sasaki S, Takeda K, Takewaki M, Ouhara K, Kajiya M, Mizuno N, Fujita T, Kurihara H. BDNF/HMW-HA complex as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis in dogs. J Periodontol 2018; 90:98-109. [PMID: 30030840 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) complex with flap surgery has been shown to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of local subgingival application of BDNF/HMW-HA complex adjunctive to scaling and root planning (SRP) on ligature-induced periodontitis in dogs. METHODS The dogs were divided into four treatment groups: no treatment (control), SRP alone, SRP followed by local application of HMW-HA (SRP+HMW-HA), and SRP followed by local application of BDNF (500 μg/ml)/ HMW-HA complex (SRP+BDNF/HMW-HA). HMW-HA or BDNF/HMW-HA complex was topically applied to periodontal pockets using a syringe without surgery. Two weeks after treatment, clinical parameters (gingival index, clinical attachment level, periodontal pocket depth and bleeding on probing) were recorded and specimens were collected from anesthetized animals for histological analysis. RESULTS The SRP+BDNF/HMW-HA group showed significant improvement in all clinical parameters compared to other treatment groups. Histologic analysis showed greater suppression of apical migration of epithelial tissue and milder inflammatory cell infiltration in the SRP+BDNF/HMW-HA group than in the other treatment groups. Furthermore, new cementum and alveolar bone were regenerated, and collagen fibers were inserted into them in the SRP+BDNF/HMW-HA group. CONCLUSION BDNF/HMW-HA complex as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment has the potential to reduce excess inflammation. Further investigation will be needed to clarify periodontal tissue regenerative effects of BDNF/HMW-HA complex in a nonsurgical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sasaki
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate school of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate school of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Manabu Takewaki
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate school of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate school of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate school of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate school of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate school of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate school of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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25
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Gibertoni F, Sommer MEL, Esquisatto MAM, Amaral MECD, Oliveira CAD, Andrade TAMD, Mendonça FAS, Santamaria M, Felonato M. Evolution of Periodontal Disease: Immune Response and RANK/RANKL/OPG System. Braz Dent J 2018; 28:679-687. [PMID: 29211121 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate markers of bone loss and immune response present in evolution of periodontal disease. One hundred and two Wistar rats were divided into three animals groups: PD0, without ligation and PD15 days and PD60 days, submitted to ligation placement with a sterile 3-0 silk cord in the cervical region of the upper first molar on both sides. Samples were obtained from the gingival tissue for histomorphometric analysis, immunohistochemical analysis of RANK, RANKL, OPG, characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate, quantification of nitric oxide, MCP-1, RANTES, IP10 chemokines, and expression of the TGF-b1, VEG, and bFGF. The number of inflammatory cells in gingival tissue was higher in PD60 samples. The collagen content and the area occupied by birefringent collagen fibers were lower for PD60. Differential leukocyte counting showed that there was a significantly higher polymorphonuclear influx in group PD15, while PD60 showed a greater number of lymphocytes. PD60 showed higher RANTES, IP-10, MCP-1 gene transcripts, as well as a higher nitric oxide concentration. Clinical evaluation revealed that the PD60 group presented an increase in furcal area. In conclusion, in this animal model the increase of RANK/RANKL and HGF markers is related to a specific immune response, and probably contributed to the evolution of periodontal disease. Investigating the effect of these biomarkers can help in targeted therapy for bone resorption, since blocking these can inhibit bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Gibertoni
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, FHO
- Uniararas Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Meire Ellen Ligia Sommer
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, FHO
- Uniararas Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Andrea de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, FHO
- Uniararas Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milton Santamaria
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, FHO
- Uniararas Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Maíra Felonato
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, FHO
- Uniararas Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto, Araras, SP, Brazil
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26
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Nisha KJ, Suresh A, Anilkumar A, Padmanabhan S. MIP-1α and MCP-1 as salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease. Saudi Dent J 2018; 30:292-298. [PMID: 30202165 PMCID: PMC6128325 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Chemokines released by different host cells when exposed to the components of periodontopathic bacteria induce and maintain an inflammatory response in the periodontium. The aim of the study was to estimate the salivary levels of two chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) and monocyte chemo attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in health, gingivitis and periodontitis and to evaluate their role as reliable salivary biomarkers in discriminating gingivitis and periodontitis from health. Methods A cross sectional study was designed to estimate the levels of MIP-1α and MCP-1 in whole unstimulated saliva from 75 patients who were divided into healthy (Group 1, n = 25), gingivitis (Group 2, n = 25) and chronic generalized periodontitis (Group 3, n = 25). MIP-1α and MCP-1 levels were estimated by using ELISA and were correlated with clinical parameters. ROC curve analysis was done to determine the sensitivity and specificity of these biomarkers in distinguishing periodontal disease from health. Results Both the biomarkers were detected in all the saliva samples. There was a statistically significant difference in the concentration of both the analytes in Group 3 and Group 2 compared with Group 1 (p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for MIP-1α and MCP-1 in discriminating periodontitis from health. For discriminating gingivitis from health, MIP-1α had a higher sensitivity and specificity (100% & 88% respectively) compared to MCP-1(84.1% & 80% respectively). Conclusion There is a substantial increase in the concentration of both MIP-1α and MCP-1 with increasing severity of periodontal disease. Both the analytes showed promising results as biomarkers for discriminating periodontal disease from health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Nisha
- Department of Periodontics, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, EPIP Zone, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Aparnna Suresh
- Department of Periodontics, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, EPIP Zone, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - A Anilkumar
- Department of Periodontics, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, EPIP Zone, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Shyam Padmanabhan
- Department of Periodontics, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, EPIP Zone, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India
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27
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Reddy VK, Kommineni NK, Padakandla P, Togaru H, Indupalli JP, Nanga SP. Evaluation of Chemokines in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Children with Down Syndrome. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:288-293. [PMID: 30397372 PMCID: PMC6212665 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The goal of the study was to detect the presence of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β and to estimate their levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of children with Down syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels were estimated in GCF samples of 20 healthy and 20 Down syndrome individuals. Gingival status was assessed by measuring the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD).The GCF samples were obtained from the subjects and MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The mean MIP-1α concentrations in healthy and Down syndrome individuals were 209 and 1411 pg/μL respectively, and MIP-1α levels were 342 and 1404 pg/μL respectively.The levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β in the GCF of subjects with Down syndrome were significantly higher than in the healthy individual, and statistically significant differences were present among the two groups. CONCLUSION The GCF showed dynamic changes according to the severity of periodontal disease, and the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β had a strong relationship with clinical parameters. The MIP-1α and MIP-1β can therefore be considered as novel biomarkers in the biological mechanism underlying the patho-genesis of periodontal disease.How to cite this article: Reddy VK, Kommineni NK, Padakandla P, Togaru H, Indupalli JP, Nanga SP. Evaluation of Chemokines in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Children with Down Syndrome. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):288-293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerakishore K Reddy
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen K Kommineni
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prathyusha Padakandla
- Head, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Harshini Togaru
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - John P Indupalli
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swapna P Nanga
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Surgery, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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28
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Wallet SM, Puri V, Gibson FC. Linkage of Infection to Adverse Systemic Complications: Periodontal Disease, Toll-Like Receptors, and Other Pattern Recognition Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:E21. [PMID: 29621153 PMCID: PMC6027258 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that provide innate immune sensing of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to engage early immune recognition of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Furthermore, TLRs provide a conduit for initiation of non-infectious inflammation following the sensing of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) generated as a consequence of cellular injury. Due to their essential role as DAMP and PAMP sensors, TLR signaling also contributes importantly to several systemic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and others. The overlapping participation of TLRs in the control of infection, and pathogenesis of systemic diseases, has served as a starting point for research delving into the poorly defined area of infection leading to increased risk of various systemic diseases. Although conflicting studies exist, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity/metabolic dysfunction have been associated with differing degrees of strength to infectious diseases. Here we will discuss elements of these connections focusing on the contributions of TLR signaling as a consequence of bacterial exposure in the context of the oral infections leading to periodontal disease, and associations with metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Frank C Gibson
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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29
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Pansani TN, Basso FG, Soares DG, Turrioni APDS, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Photobiomodulation in the Metabolism of Lipopolysaccharides-exposed Epithelial Cells and Gingival Fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:598-603. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisa Nogueira Pansani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara School of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; Araraquara School of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara School of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | | | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry; Araraquara of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; Araraquara School of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
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30
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High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Level as a Novel Biomarker for the Development of Peri-Implant Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7027. [PMID: 28765610 PMCID: PMC5539157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant disease is a chronic inflammation of the soft and hard tissues around a dental implant, resulting from bacterial infection. Recent evidence indicates that some pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines released by immunocytes are substantially responsible for the progress and consequence of inflammation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released into the extracellular matrix and acts as a key pro-inflammatory factor during injury, necrosis and inflammation. A higher concentration of HMGB1 has been found in gingival crevicular fluid from inflammatory gingival tissue than from healthy sites. HMGB1 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in murine periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-1β. Thus, this study sought to assess HMGB1 expression in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) at each stage of peri-implant disease and to investigate the correlation between HMGB1 and peri-implant disease progress. The results demonstrated that the HMGB1 expression level in PICF is indicative of the progress of peri-implant disease and hence may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for peri-implant tissue.
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Ebersole JL, Dawson D, Emecen-Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, Thompson K, Peyyala R, Al-Attar A, Lethbridge K, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez OA. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:52-115. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Branco-de-Almeida LS, Cruz-Almeida Y, Gonzalez-Marrero Y, Huang H, Aukhil I, Harrison P, Wallet SM, Shaddox LM. Local and Plasma Biomarker Profiles in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 2:258-268. [PMID: 28879248 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417701898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) patients possess a systemic hyperinflammatory response after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. However, the levels of inflammatory and bone biomarkers in plasma, as well as possible associations between local and plasma biomarkers, are unknown in LAP. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma biomarker profiles in LAP patients, their healthy siblings (HS), and healthy unrelated controls (HC). Fifty-eight LAP subjects, 33 HS, and 49 HC (African Americans, aged 5 to 25 y) were included. Following collection of clinical parameters with GCF and plasma samples, levels of 16 inflammatory and bone resorption biomarkers were determined with Milliplex. Univariate and correlation analyses were performed among all clinical and laboratorial parameters. Discriminant analyses were used to investigate groups of biomarkers discriminating LAP from HS and HC in GCF and plasma. GCF levels of multiple cytokines and chemokines and RANKL:OPG ratio (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand:osteoprotegerin) were higher in LAP disease, most of which positively correlated with probing depth and attachment loss of sampled sites. A group of IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-2, and MIP-1α discriminated LAP diseased sites from twheir healthy sites, as well as from HS and HC healthy sites. In plasma, only RANKL levels were increased in LAP versus controls, which positively correlated with the percentage of affected sites and deep/bleeding sites. A plasma inflammatory profile including MIP-1α, IL-8, IL-10, and INF-γ could significantly discriminate LAP patients from HS and HC. No correlations were found between GCF and plasma levels of biomarkers. In conclusion, an inflammatory profile including groups of specific biomarkers in GCF and plasma may significantly discriminate LAP from healthy individuals. The hyperinflammatory response previously found in the peripheral blood of LAP patients is dependent on lipopolysaccharide stimulation, apparently resulting mostly in local tissue destruction and changes in biomarker profile, with a slight influence in the systemic inflammatory profile (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01330719). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be possibly used by clinicians in the future as diagnostic tools for localized aggressive periodontitis. Thus, in the future, with proper consideration of cost, patient preference, chair-side feasibility and ultimately further studies validating the role of GCF markers for disease progression and response to treatment, this information could lead to more appropriate therapeutic decisions and the development of preventive approaches for susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Branco-de-Almeida
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Dentistry II, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Y Cruz-Almeida
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y Gonzalez-Marrero
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H Huang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - P Harrison
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Trinity College School of Dental Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L M Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Lee J, Lee J, Cha J, Choi E, Park S, Cho K, Kim C. Chemokine in inflamed periodontal tissues activates healthy periodontal‐ligament stem cell migration. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:530-539. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung‐Seok Lee
- Department of PeriodontologyResearch Institute for Periodontal RegenerationCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jong‐Bin Lee
- Department of PeriodontologyResearch Institute for Periodontal RegenerationCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jae‐Kook Cha
- Department of PeriodontologyResearch Institute for Periodontal RegenerationCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Young Choi
- Department of PeriodontologyResearch Institute for Periodontal RegenerationCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - So‐Yon Park
- Department of PeriodontologyResearch Institute for Periodontal RegenerationCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Kyoo‐Sung Cho
- Department of PeriodontologyResearch Institute for Periodontal RegenerationCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Chang‐Sung Kim
- Department of PeriodontologyResearch Institute for Periodontal RegenerationCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Applied Life ScienceBK21 PLUS ProjectCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
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Gunpinar S, Alptekin NO, Dundar N. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Oral Dis 2017; 23:763-769. [PMID: 28231622 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and whether GCF MCP-1 levels differ among localized (L) AgP and generalized (G) AgP. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 160 subjects including 80 AgP and 80 age- and gender-matched periodontally healthy (H) controls were recruited in this cross-sectional study (NCT02927704). GCF samples were collected from 160 patients including 50 LAgP, 30 GAgP, and 80 H. Volume of GCF was measured by Periotron 8000® , and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess MCP-1 levels. RESULTS Compared to H controls, all clinical parameters and total amounts (pg 30 s-1 ) of MCP-1 were significantly higher in subjects with LAgP and GAgP (P < 0.05). Although concentrations of GCF MCP-1 did not differ between LAgP and GAgP (P > 0.05), total amounts of MCP-1 were higher in GAgP than LAgP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the total amount of MCP-1 level in GCF may be a potential determinant in AgP subjects. Increased MCP-1 levels in line with the degree of periodontal destruction in GAgP patients reveal that MCP-1 can be used to understand the disease pathogenesis of LAgP and GAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gunpinar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - N O Alptekin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Dundar
- Research Center of Dental Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Marshall A, Celentano A, Cirillo N, McCullough M, Porter S. Tissue-specific regulation of CXCL9/10/11 chemokines in keratinocytes: Implications for oral inflammatory disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172821. [PMID: 28253295 PMCID: PMC5333845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The IFN-γ-inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 play a key role in many inflammatory conditions, particularly those mediated by T cells. Therefore, the production of these chemokines in peripheral tissues could be instrumental in the pathophysiology of tissue-specific immunological diseases such as oral lichen planus (OLP). In the present study, we assessed the production of keratinocyte-derived CXCL9/10/11 under basal and inflammatory conditions and investigated whether these chemokines were involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. We used semi-quantitative PCR, ELISA, chemotaxis assays, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to assess the expression and functional role of CXCL9/10/11 in oral keratinocytes (three strains of normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK), and the H357 oral cancer cell line) in the presence or absence of IFN-γ. CXCL9/10/11 were also assessed in tissues from normal patients and those with oral lichen planus (OLP). The time course study in oral keratinocytes treated with IFN-γ showed that expression of CXCL9/10/11 chemokines was significantly enhanced by IFN-γ in a time-dependent manner. In particular, CXCL10, a prominent chemokine that was overexpressed by IFN-γ-stimulated NHOK, was able to effectively recruit CD4 lymphocytes, mainly CD4+CD45RA- cells. Significantly higher levels of CXCL9/10/11 were found in tissues from patients with OLP compared to normal oral mucosa. Taken together, the results demonstrate that normal oral keratinocytes produce chemotactic molecules that mediate T cell recruitment. This study furthers understanding of chemokine production in oral keratinocytes and their role in the pathophysiology of oral mucosa, with particular relevance to OLP.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Chemokine CXCL10/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL11/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL11/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL9/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL9/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Keratinocytes/drug effects
- Keratinocytes/immunology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Lichen Planus, Oral/genetics
- Lichen Planus, Oral/immunology
- Lichen Planus, Oral/metabolism
- Lichen Planus, Oral/pathology
- Mouth Mucosa/pathology
- Organ Specificity
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Marshall
- University College London, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Melbourne Dental School and Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School and Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School and Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Porter
- University College London, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Silva TA, Garlet GP, Fukada SY, Silva JS, Cunha FQ. Chemokines in Oral Inflammatory Diseases: Apical Periodontitis and Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2016; 86:306-19. [PMID: 17384024 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory oral diseases are characterized by the persistent migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma and mast cells, and osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In the last decade, there has been a great interest in the mediators responsible for the selective recruitment and activation of these cell types at inflammatory sites. Of these mediators, the chemokines have received particular attention in recent years. Chemokine messages are decoded by specific receptors that initiate signal transduction events, leading to a multitude of cellular responses, including chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory and bone cells. However, little is known about their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory oral diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize the findings regarding the role of chemokines in periapical and periodontal tissue inflammation, and the integration, into experimental models, of the information about the role of chemokines in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Kumar NK, Reddy VKK, Padakandla P, Togaru H, Kalagatla S, Reddy VCM. Evaluation of chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid in children with band and loop space maintainers: A clinico-biochemical study. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:302-6. [PMID: 27630491 PMCID: PMC5004540 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.188542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemokines are pro-inflammatory cells that can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection. Aim: This study was conducted to detect the presence of chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and 1β (MIP-1β) and estimate their levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in children with band and loop space maintainers. Materials and Methods: MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels were estimated in GCF samples from twenty healthy children and twenty children with band and loop space maintainers. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring gingival index, plaque index, and Russell's periodontal index. The GCF samples were quantified by ELISA, and the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β were determined. Results: The mean MIP-1α concentrations in healthy children and those with space maintainers were 395.75 pg/µl and 857.85 pg/µl, respectively, and MIP-1β was 342.55 pg/µl and 685.25 pg/µl, respectively. MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels in GCF from children with space maintainers were significantly higher than in the healthy group, and statistically significant difference existed between these two groups. Conclusion: MIP-1α and MIP-1β can be considered as novel biomarkers in the biological mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation in children with space maintainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kommineni Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Veera Kishore Kasa Reddy
- Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prathyusha Padakandla
- Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Harshini Togaru
- Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swathi Kalagatla
- Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Chand M Reddy
- Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Papadopoulos G, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YB, Huang N, Viglianti GA, Henderson AJ, Kantarci A, Gibson FC. Immunologic environment influences macrophage response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:250-261. [PMID: 27346827 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages adapt both phenotypically and functionally to the cytokine balance in host tissue microenvironments. Recent studies established that macrophages contribute an important yet poorly understood role in the development of infection-elicited oral bone loss. We hypothesized that macrophage adaptation to inflammatory signals encountered before pathogen interaction would significantly influence the subsequent immune response of these cells to the keystone oral pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis. Employing classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) murine bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMDMø), we observed that immunologic activation of macrophages before P. gingivalis challenge dictated phenotype-specific changes in the expression of inflammation-associated molecules important to sensing and tuning host response to bacterial infection including Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, CD14, CD18 and CD11b (together comprising CR3), major histocompatibility complex class II, CD80, and CD86. M2 cells responded to P. gingivalis with higher expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, and KC than M1 cells. M1 BMDMø expressed higher levels of interleukin-10 to P. gingivalis than M2 BMDMø. Functionally, we observed that M2 BMDMø bound P. gingivalis more robustly than M1 BMDMø. These data describe an important contribution of macrophage skewing in the subsequent development of the cellular immune response to P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Papadopoulos
- Section of infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y B Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb
- Section of infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Huang
- Section of infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G A Viglianti
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Henderson
- Section of infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - F C Gibson
- Section of infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Usui M, Okamatsu Y, Sato T, Hanatani T, Moritani Y, Sano K, Yamamoto M, Nakashima K. Thymus-expressed chemokine enhances Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced osteoclast formation via NFATc1 activation. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 66:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Huang CB, Alimova Y, Ebersole JL. Macrophage polarization in response to oral commensals and pathogens. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw011. [PMID: 26884502 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been identified in the periodontium. Data have phenotypically described these cells, demonstrated changes with progressing periodontal disease, and identified their ability to function in antigen-presentation critical for adaptive immune responses to individual oral bacterium. Recent evidence has emphasized an important role for the plasticity of macrophage phenotypes, not only in the resulting function of these cells in various tissues, but also clear differences in the stimulatory signals that result in M1 (classical activation, inflammatory) and M2 (alternative activation/deactivated, immunomodulatory) cells. This investigation hypothesized that the oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induce M1-type cells, while oral commensal bacteria primarily elicit macrophage functions consistent with an M2 phenotype. However, we observed that the M1 output from P. gingivalis challenge, showed exaggerated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with a much lower production of chemokines related to T-cell recruitment. This contrasted with A. actinomycetemcomitans infection that increased both the pro-inflammatory cytokines and T-cell chemokines. Thus, it appears that P. gingivalis, as an oral pathogen, may have a unique capacity to alter the programming of the M1 macrophage resulting in a hyperinflammatory environment and minimizing the ability for T-cell immunomodulatory influx into the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifu B Huang
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yelena Alimova
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Cekici A, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2015; 64:57-80. [PMID: 24320956 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex immune/inflammatory cascade that is initiated by the bacteria of the oral biofilm that forms naturally on the teeth. The susceptibility to periodontitis appears to be determined by the host response; specifically, the magnitude of the inflammatory response and the differential activation of immune pathways. The purpose of this review was to delineate our current knowledge of the host response in periodontitis. The role of innate immunity, the failure of acute inflammation to resolve (thus becoming chronic), the cytokine pathways that regulate the activation of acquired immunity and the cells and products of the immune system are considered. New information relating to regulation of both inflammation and the immune response will be reviewed in the context of susceptibility to, and perhaps control of, periodontitis.
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42
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Arjunan P, El-Awady A, Dannebaum RO, Kunde-Ramamoorthy G, Cutler CW. High-throughput sequencing reveals key genes and immune homeostatic pathways activated in myeloid dendritic cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 and its fimbrial mutants. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:78-93. [PMID: 26466817 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome consists of highly diverse microbial communities that colonize our skin and mucosal surfaces, aiding in maintenance of immune homeostasis. The keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis induces a dysbiosis and disrupts immune homeostasis through as yet unclear mechanisms. The fimbrial adhesins of P. gingivalis facilitate biofilm formation, invasion of and dissemination by blood dendritic cells; hence, fimbriae may be key factors in disruption of immune homeostasis. In this study we employed RNA-sequencing transcriptome profiling to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) in response to in vitro infection/exposure by Pg381 or its isogenic mutant strains that solely express minor-Mfa1 fimbriae (DPG3), major-FimA fimbriae (MFI) or are deficient in both fimbriae (MFB) relative to uninfected control. Our results yielded a total of 479 DEGs that were at least two-fold upregulated and downregulated in MoDCs significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by all four strains and certain DEGs that were strain-specific. Interestingly, the gene ontology biological and functional analysis shows that the upregulated genes in DPG3-induced MoDCs were more significant than other strains and associated with inflammation, immune response, anti-apoptosis, cell proliferation, and other homeostatic functions. Both transcriptome and quantitative polymerase chain reaction results show that DPG3, which solely expresses Mfa1, increased ZNF366, CD209, LOX1, IDO1, IL-10, CCL2, SOCS3, STAT3 and FOXO1 gene expression. In conclusion, we have identified key DC-mediated immune homeostatic pathways that could contribute to dysbiosis in periodontal infection with P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arjunan
- Department of Periodontics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A El-Awady
- Department of Periodontics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R O Dannebaum
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - G Kunde-Ramamoorthy
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - C W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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43
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Mohamed HG, Idris SB, Ahmed MF, Åstrøm AN, Mustafa K, Ibrahim SO, Mustafa M. Influence of type 2 diabetes on local production of inflammatory molecules in adults with and without chronic periodontitis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2015. [PMID: 26211001 PMCID: PMC4515322 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological changes in periodontal tissues are mediated by the interaction between microorganisms and the host immune-inflammatory response. Hyperglycemia may interfere with this process. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of 27 inflammatory molecules in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with type 2 diabetes, with and without chronic periodontitis, and of chronic periodontitis subjects without diabetes. A putative correlation between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and levels of the inflammatory molecules was also investigated. Methods The study population comprised a total of 108 individuals, stratified into: 54 with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis (DM + CP), 30 with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 24 with type 2 diabetes (DM). Participants were interviewed with the aid of structured questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (dental plaque, bleeding on probing and periodontal pocket depth) were recorded. The GCF levels of the 27 inflammatory molecules were measured using multiplex micro-bead immunoassay. A glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test was performed for patients with diabetes by boronate affinity chromatography. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, the DM + CP group had higher levels of IL-8 and MIP-1β, and lower levels of TNF-α, IL-4, INF-γ, RANTES and IL-7 compared to the CP group. Moreover, the DM + CP group had lower levels of IL-6, IL-7 and G-CSF compared to the DM group. The DM group had higher levels of IL-10, VEGF, and G-CSF compared to the CP group. The levels of MIP-1α and FGF were lower in diabetes patients (regardless of their periodontal status) than in chronic periodontitis subjects without diabetes. Diabetes patients (DM + CP and DM) had higher Th-2/Th-1 ratio compared to the CP group. HbA1c correlated positively with the pro-inflammatory cytokines (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.27, P value: 0.02). Conclusion Type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis may influence the GCF levels of inflammatory molecules synergistically as well as independently. Type 2 diabetes was associated with high Th-2/Th-1 ratio, and modulated the local expression of molecules involved in the anti-inflammatory and healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasaan G Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Shaza B Idris
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Anne N Åstrøm
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Salah O Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Manal Mustafa
- Oral Health Competence Center in Western Norway, Hordaland, Bergen, Norway.
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Choi SC, Seo YH, Bae WJ, Lee HS, Choi YC, Kim EC. Milk activates the expression of cytokines via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in human periodontal ligament cells. Dent Traumatol 2015; 31:457-64. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Hun Seo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Won-Jung Bae
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Research Center for Tooth & Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yeoung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Research Center for Tooth & Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
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Huang N, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YB, LaValley MP, Gibson FC. Liver X receptors contribute to periodontal pathogen-elicited inflammation and oral bone loss. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 30:438-50. [PMID: 25946408 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic oral inflammatory diseases that are polymicrobial in nature. The presence of specific bacteria in subgingival plaque such as Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with microbial dysbiosis and the modulation of host immune response. Bacterially elicited innate immune activation and inflammation are key elements implicated in the destruction of soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear hormone receptors with important function in lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and host response to infection; however, their contribution to chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontal disease is not understood. The aim of this study was to define the contribution of LXRs in the development of immune response to P. gingivalis and to assess the roles that LXRs play in infection-elicited oral bone loss. Employing macrophages, we observed that P. gingivalis challenge led to reduced LXRα and LXRβ gene expression compared with that observed with unchallenged wild-type cells. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-independent, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling affected P. gingivalis-mediated reduction in LXRα expression, whereas neither pathway influenced the P. gingivalis effect on LXRβ expression. Employing LXR agonist and mice deficient in LXRs, we observed functional effects of LXRs in the development of a P. gingivalis-elicited cytokine response at the level of the macrophage, and participation of LXRs in P. gingivalis-elicited oral bone loss. These findings identify novel importance for LXRs in the pathogenesis of P. gingivalis infection-elicited inflammation and oral bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Huang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y B Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M P LaValley
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F C Gibson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Preedy VR, Patel VB, Al-Sabbagh M. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Alpha (MIP-1 alpha)/CCL3: As a Biomarker. GENERAL METHODS IN BIOMARKER RESEARCH AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 2015. [PMCID: PMC7124056 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7696-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α/CCL3) is a chemotactic chemokine secreted by macrophages. It performs various biological functions, such as recruiting inflammatory cells, wound healing, inhibition of stem cells, and maintaining effector immune response. It activates bone resorption cells and directly induces bone destruction. Cells that secrete MIP-1α/CCL3 are increased at sites of inflammation and bone resorption. MIP-1α/CCL3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and conditions that exhibit bone resorption, such as periodontitis, multiple myeloma, Sjögren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. Biological fluids from patients with these diseases exhibit elevated levels of MIP-1α/CCL3. This finding indicates that MIP-1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \alpha $$\end{document}α/CCL3 protein may have diagnostic potential for the detection of several inflammatory diseases and conditions. This chapter discusses the biological functions of MIP-1α/CCL3; describes several diseases associated with MIP-1α/CCL3, particularly periodontitis; and delineates the potential application of MIP-1α/CCL3 as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R. Preedy
- grid.13097.3c0000000123226764Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vinood B. Patel
- grid.12896.340000000090468598Faculty of Science & Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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Schlage WK, Iskandar AR, Kostadinova R, Xiang Y, Sewer A, Majeed S, Kuehn D, Frentzel S, Talikka M, Geertz M, Mathis C, Ivanov N, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. In vitro systems toxicology approach to investigate the effects of repeated cigarette smoke exposure on human buccal and gingival organotypic epithelial tissue cultures. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:470-87. [PMID: 25046638 PMCID: PMC4219813 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.943441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Smoking has been associated with diseases of the lung, pulmonary airways and oral cavity. Cytologic, genomic and transcriptomic changes in oral mucosa correlate with oral pre-neoplasia, cancer and inflammation (e.g. periodontitis). Alteration of smoking-related gene expression changes in oral epithelial cells is similar to that in bronchial and nasal epithelial cells. Using a systems toxicology approach, we have previously assessed the impact of cigarette smoke (CS) seen as perturbations of biological processes in human nasal and bronchial organotypic epithelial culture models. Here, we report our further assessment using in vitro human oral organotypic epithelium models. We exposed the buccal and gingival organotypic epithelial tissue cultures to CS at the air-liquid interface. CS exposure was associated with increased secretion of inflammatory mediators, induction of cytochrome P450s activity and overall weak toxicity in both tissues. Using microarray technology, gene-set analysis and a novel computational modeling approach leveraging causal biological network models, we identified CS impact on xenobiotic metabolism-related pathways accompanied by a more subtle alteration in inflammatory processes. Gene-set analysis further indicated that the CS-induced pathways in the in vitro buccal tissue models resembled those in the in vivo buccal biopsies of smokers from a published dataset. These findings support the translatability of systems responses from in vitro to in vivo and demonstrate the applicability of oral organotypical tissue models for an impact assessment of CS on various tissues exposed during smoking, as well as for impact assessment of reduced-risk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter K. Schlage
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Anita R. Iskandar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Radina Kostadinova
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Diana Kuehn
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Marcel Geertz
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Nikolai Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
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Souto GR, Queiroz CM, Costa FO, Mesquita RA. Relationship between chemokines and dendritic cells in human chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1416-23. [PMID: 24605873 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between chemokines and dendritic cells (DCs) in human chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS Gingival samples were obtained from 23 individuals with CP, and six samples of normal mucosa (NM) overlapping the third molar were used to control for the chemokine levels. Periodontal examination was conducted. Immunohistochemistry was performed for Factor XIIIa(+) and cluster of differentiation (CD)1a(+) immature DCs and CD83(+) mature DCs. Levels of the CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL19, CCL20, and CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)8 were measured in gingival tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory infiltrate, DCs, chemokines, classification of human CP, and clinical parameters were correlated and compared. RESULTS The expression of CCL2 and CCL20 was positively correlated with increased densities of CD1a(+) DCs. CCL3 and CXCL8 were positively related to the clinical attachment level. CCL3, CCL5, CCL19, and CXCL8 levels increased in the gingival samples of patients with CP compared with NM, whereas CCL20 levels increased in advanced CP compared with mild-moderate CP. CONCLUSIONS More CD1a(+) immature DCs are related to CCL2 and CCL20. CCL3 and CXCL8 chemokines are related to a greater severity of human CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ribeiro Souto
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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49
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Impact of periodontitis on chemokines in smokers. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:979-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Park E, Na HS, Kim SM, Wallet S, Cha S, Chung J. Xylitol, an anticaries agent, exhibits potent inhibition of inflammatory responses in human THP-1-derived macrophages infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:e212-23. [PMID: 24592909 PMCID: PMC4775082 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylitol is a well-known anticaries agent and has been used for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of xylitol are evaluated for possible use in the prevention and treatment of periodontal infections. METHODS Cytokine expression was stimulated in THP-1 (human monocyte cell line)-derived macrophages by live Porphyromonas gingivalis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a commercial multiplex assay kit were used to determine the effects of xylitol on live P. gingivalis-induced production of cytokine. The effects of xylitol on phagocytosis and the production of nitric oxide were determined using phagocytosis assay, viable cell count, and Griess reagent. The effects of xylitol on P. gingivalis adhesion were determined by immunostaining, and costimulatory molecule expression was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Live P. gingivalis infection increased the production of representative proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, in a multiplicity of infection- and time-dependent manner. Live P. gingivalis also enhanced the release of cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-12 p40, eotaxin, interferon γ-induced protein 10, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1. The pretreatment of xylitol significantly inhibited the P. gingivalis-induced cytokines production and nitric oxide production. In addition, xylitol inhibited the attachment of live P. gingivalis on THP-1-derived macrophages. Furthermore, xylitol exerted antiphagocytic activity against both Escherichia coli and P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that xylitol acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in THP-1-derived macrophages infected with live P. gingivalis, which supports its use in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sheon Min Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Shannon Wallet
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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