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Beardsell A, Berteaux D, Dulude-De Broin F, Gauthier G, Clermont J, Gravel D, Bêty J. Predator-mediated interactions through changes in predator home range size can lead to local prey exclusion. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231154. [PMID: 37554032 PMCID: PMC10410220 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The strength of indirect biotic interactions is difficult to quantify in the wild and can alter community composition. To investigate whether the presence of a prey species affects the population growth rate of another prey species, we quantified predator-mediated interaction strength using a multi-prey mechanistic model of predation and a population matrix model. Models were parametrized using behavioural, demographic and experimental data from a vertebrate community that includes the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), a predator feeding on lemmings and eggs of various species such as sandpipers and geese. We show that the positive effects of the goose colony on sandpiper nesting success (due to reduction of search time for sandpiper nests) were outweighed by the negative effect of an increase in fox density. The fox numerical response was driven by changes in home range size. As a result, the net interaction from the presence of geese was negative and could lead to local exclusion of sandpipers. Our study provides a rare empirically based model that integrates mechanistic multi-species functional responses and behavioural processes underlying the predator numerical response. This is an important step forward in our ability to quantify the consequences of predation for community structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Beardsell
- Chaire de recherche du Canada en biodiversité nordique, Centre d'études nordiques et Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Chaire de recherche du Canada en biodiversité nordique, Centre d'études nordiques et Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 3A1
| | | | - Gilles Gauthier
- Département de biologie et Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jeanne Clermont
- Chaire de recherche du Canada en biodiversité nordique, Centre d'études nordiques et Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie et Centre d'études nordiques, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Joël Bêty
- Chaire de recherche du Canada en biodiversité nordique, Centre d'études nordiques et Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 3A1
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2
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Inoue NK. Quantitative evaluation of the effects of bycatch on native species using mathematical models. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Gil-Sánchez JM, Rodríguez-Caro RC, Moleón M, Martínez-Pastor MC, León-Ortega M, Eguía S, Graciá E, Botella F, Sánchez-Zapata JA, Martínez-Fernández J, Esteve-Selma MA, Giménez A. Predation impact on threatened spur-thighed tortoises by golden eagles when main prey is scarce. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17843. [PMID: 36284169 PMCID: PMC9596414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A reduction in adult survival in long-living species may compromise population growth rates. The spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) is a long-lived reptile that is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), whose breeding habitats overlap that of tortoises, may predate them by dropping them onto rocks and breaking their carapaces. In SE Spain, the number of golden eagles has increased in the last decades and the abundance of their main prey (i.e., rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus) has decreased. Our aims were to 1) describe the role of tortoises in golden eagles' diet, and 2) estimate the predation impact of golden eagles on tortoises in eagles' territories and in the regional tortoise population. We collected regurgitated pellets and prey remains under eagle nests and roosts, and obtained information on tortoise abundance and population structure and rabbit abundance. We found that tortoises were an alternative prey to rabbits, so that eagles shifted to the former where the latter were scarce. The average predation rate on tortoises was very low at the two studied scales. However, eagles showed a marked selection for adult female tortoises, which led the tortoise sex ratio to be biased towards males in those eagle territories with higher tortoise predation. Whether this may compromise the spur-thighed tortoise long-term population viability locally deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Gil-Sánchez
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Roberto C. Rodríguez-Caro
- grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Zoology, Oxford University, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK ,grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marcos Moleón
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María C. Martínez-Pastor
- grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Mario León-Ortega
- Ulula Asociation: Nocturnal Bird Monitoring, C/Herreras y Moreras. 12, 30110 Churra, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio Eguía
- MENDIJOB, S.L., c/Rambla, 22, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Graciá
- grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain ,grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Francisco Botella
- grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain ,grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - José A. Sánchez-Zapata
- grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain ,grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | | | - M. A. Esteve-Selma
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A. Giménez
- grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain ,grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
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4
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Houghton M, Terauds A, Shaw J. Rapid range expansion of an invasive flatworm, Kontikia andersoni, on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Thompson ER, Driscoll DA, Venn SE, Geary WL, Ritchie EG. Interspecific variation in the diet of a native apex predator and invasive mesopredator in an alpine ecosystem. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eilysh R. Thompson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Don A. Driscoll
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Susanna E. Venn
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - William L. Geary
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia
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6
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Allmert T, Jeschke JM, Evans T. An assessment of the environmental and socio-economic impacts of alien rabbits and hares. AMBIO 2022; 51:1314-1329. [PMID: 34709588 PMCID: PMC8931149 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Directly comparable data on the environmental and socio-economic impacts of alien species informs the effective prioritisation of their management. We used two frameworks, the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT), to create a unified dataset on the severity and type of impacts caused by alien leporids (rabbits and hares). Literature was reviewed to collate impact data, which was categorised following EICAT and SEICAT guidelines. We aimed to use these data to identify: (1) alien leporid species with severe impacts, (2) their impact mechanisms, (3) the native species and local communities vulnerable to impacts and (4) knowledge gaps. Native species from a range of taxonomic groups were affected by environmental impacts which tended to be more damaging than socio-economic impacts. Indirect environmental impacts were particularly damaging and underreported. No impact data were found for several alien leporid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Allmert
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Evans
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Takimoto G, Nishijima S. A simple theory for the mesopredator release effect: when does an apex predator protect their shared prey from a mesopredator? OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Takimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The Univ. of Tokyo Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Shota Nishijima
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency Kanazawa, Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
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8
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Factors influencing the relative abundance of invasive predators and omnivores on islands. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Thurner SD, Converse SJ, Branch TA. Modeling opportunistic exploitation: increased extinction risk when targeting more than one species. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Feral rabbit populations in a peri-urban area: insights about invasion dynamics and potential management strategies. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhere introduced, the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus is considered among the most destructive and invasive species. To date, research focused mostly on populations of wild rabbit, whereas little is known on feral domestic rabbit populations. In this work, we reported the establishment of two self-sustaining populations of feral rabbits in Italy. Direct observations were conducted to assess rabbit range expansion and population increase over time. We also evaluated prey-predator interactions between rabbits and native red foxes Vulpes vulpes, by means of camera trapping and the analysis of fox scats. Moreover, we also assessed the social perception towards feral rabbits and the acceptability of various management options through the administration of a structured questionnaire to park visitors. Rabbit populations increased between 2018 and 2019, as well as the size of the invaded range. Rabbits are predated by foxes, but they seem to have adapted their activity rhythms to minimize the risk of predation, becoming diurnal. Park visitors loved rabbits and deemed them to be a positive presence in the park, which deserve to live there. Surgical sterilization of rabbits was the only management option which was partially supported. Feral domestic rabbits, albeit a neglected species in invasion biology, can become extremely successful invaders of urban green areas: in < 5 years, rabbits were able to colonize our study area and become a food resource for native predators and also an iconic species. These three points raise concerns about the potential impacts of invasive feral rabbits in European urban green areas and call for further research in this direction.
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11
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Rendall AR, Sutherland DR, Baker CM, Raymond B, Cooke R, White JG. Managing ecosystems in a sea of uncertainty: invasive species management and assisted colonizations. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02306. [PMID: 33595860 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Managing ecosystems in the face of complex species interactions, and the associated uncertainty, presents a considerable ecological challenge. Altering those interactions via actions such as invasive species management or conservation translocations can result in unintended consequences, supporting the need to be able to make more informed decisions in the face of this uncertainty. We demonstrate the utility of ecosystem models to reduce uncertainty and inform future ecosystem management. We use Phillip Island, Australia, as a case study to investigate the impacts of two invasive species management options and consider whether a critically endangered mammal is likely to establish a population in the presence of invasive species. Qualitative models are used to determine the effects of apex predator removal (feral cats) and invasive prey removal (rabbits, rats, and mice). We extend this approach using Ensemble Ecosystem Models to consider how suppression, rather than eradication influences the species community; and consider whether an introduction of the critically endangered eastern barred bandicoot is likely to be successful in the presence of invasive species. Our analysis revealed the potential for unintended outcomes associated with feral cat control operations, with rats and rabbits expected to increase in abundance. A strategy based on managing prey species appeared to have the most ecosystem-wide benefits, with rodent control showing more favorable responses than a rabbit control strategy. Eastern barred bandicoots were predicted to persist under all feral cat control levels (including no control). Managing ecosystems is a complex and imprecise process. However, qualitative modeling and ensemble ecosystem modeling address uncertainty and are capable of improving and optimizing management practices. Our analysis shows that the best conservation outcomes may not always be associated with the top-down control of apex predators, and land managers should think more broadly in relation to managing bottom-up processes as well. Challenges faced in continuing to conserve biodiversity mean new, bolder, conservation actions are needed. We suggest that endangered species are capable of surviving in the presence of feral cats, potentially opening the door for more conservation translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Rendall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and the Built Environment, Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Duncan R Sutherland
- Conservation Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria, 3922, Australia
| | - Christopher M Baker
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Data Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ben Raymond
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Raylene Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - John G White
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
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12
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Liversage K, Kotta J, Kuprijanov I, Rätsep M, Nõomaa K. A trophic cascade facilitates native habitat providers within assemblages of multiple invasive marine species. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Liversage
- Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 Tallinn12618Estonia
| | - J. Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 Tallinn12618Estonia
| | - I. Kuprijanov
- Department of Marine Systems Tallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15a Tallinn12618Estonia
| | - M. Rätsep
- Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 Tallinn12618Estonia
| | - K. Nõomaa
- Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 Tallinn12618Estonia
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13
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Fleming PA, Crawford HM, Stobo‐Wilson AM, Dawson SJ, Dickman CR, Dundas SJ, Gentle MN, Newsome TM, O’Connor J, Palmer R, Riley J, Ritchie EG, Speed J, Saunders G, Stuart JD, Thompson E, Turpin JM, Woinarski JC. Diet of the introduced red fox
Vulpes vulpes
in Australia: analysis of temporal and spatial patterns. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Fleming
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University 90 South Street Murdoch, Perth WA6150Australia
| | - Heather M. Crawford
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University 90 South Street Murdoch, Perth WA6150Australia
| | - Alyson M. Stobo‐Wilson
- NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub Charles Darwin University Casuarina NT0909Australia
| | - Stuart J. Dawson
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University 90 South Street Murdoch, Perth WA6150Australia
| | - Christopher R. Dickman
- NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Desert Ecology Research Group School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006Australia
| | - Shannon J. Dundas
- NSW Department of Primary Industries 1447 Forest Rd Orange NSW2800Australia
| | - Matthew N. Gentle
- Pest Animal Research Centre Invasive Plants and Animals Biosecurity Queensland Toowoomba Qld4350Australia
| | - Thomas M. Newsome
- Global Ecology Lab School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006Australia
| | - Julie O’Connor
- Sunshine Coast Regional Council 1 Omrah Avenue Caloundra Qld4551Australia
| | - Russell Palmer
- Science and Conservation Division Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Bentley WA6983Australia
| | - Joanna Riley
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol BristolBS8 1THUK
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Vic3125Australia
| | - James Speed
- Pest Animal Research Centre Invasive Plants and Animals Biosecurity Queensland Toowoomba Qld4350Australia
| | - Glen Saunders
- NSW Department of Primary Industries 1447 Forest Rd Orange NSW2800Australia
| | - John‐Michael D. Stuart
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University 90 South Street Murdoch, Perth WA6150Australia
| | - Eilysh Thompson
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Vic3125Australia
| | - Jeff M. Turpin
- School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale NSW2351Australia
| | - John C.Z. Woinarski
- NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub Charles Darwin University Casuarina NT0909Australia
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14
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Spear MJ, Walsh JR, Ricciardi A, Zanden MJV. The Invasion Ecology of Sleeper Populations: Prevalence, Persistence, and Abrupt Shifts. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
It is well established that nonnative species are a key driver of global environmental change, but much less is known about the underlying drivers of nonnative species outbreaks themselves. In the present article, we explore the concept and implications of nonnative sleeper populations in invasion dynamics. Such populations persist at low abundance for years or even decades—a period during which they often go undetected and have negligible impact—until they are triggered by an environmental factor to become highly abundant and disruptive. Population irruptions are commonly misinterpreted as a recent arrival of the nonnative species, but sleeper populations belie a more complex history of inconspicuous occurrence followed by an abrupt shift in abundance and ecological impact. In the present article, we identify mechanisms that can trigger their irruption, and the implications for invasive species risk assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Spear
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jake R Walsh
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, time of this work, and is now the invasive species grants and research coordinator for the Ecological and Water Resources Division of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - Anthony Ricciardi
- Redpath Museum and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and is a research associate at the Centre for Invasion Biology at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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15
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Cecchetti M, Crowley SL, McDonald RA. Drivers and facilitators of hunting behaviour in domestic cats and options for management. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cecchetti
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE UK
| | - Sarah L. Crowley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE UK
| | - Robbie A. McDonald
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE UK
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16
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Lamelas-López L, Fontaine R, Borges PAV, Gonçalves D. Impact of introduced nest predators on insular endemic birds: the case of the Azores Woodpigeon (Columba palumbus azorica). Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Azumi S, Watari Y, Oka N, Miyashita T. Seasonal and spatial shifts in feral cat predation on native seabirds vs. non-native rats on Mikura Island, Japan. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUnderstanding how invasive predators impact native species is essential for the development of effective control strategies, especially in insular environments where alternative non-native prey species exist. We examined seasonal and spatial shifts in diet of feral cat Felis silvestris catus focusing on the predation on native streaked shearwaters, Calonectris leucomelas, and introduced rats, Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, which are alternative prey to shearwaters, on Mikura Island, Japan. Streaked shearwaters breed at low elevations on the island from spring to autumn, whereas rats inhabit the island throughout the year, which makes them an alternative prey when native shearwaters are absent. Fecal analysis revealed that feral cats dramatically shifted their diets from introduced rats in winter to streaked shearwaters in seabird-season in low elevation areas of the island, while cats preyed on rats throughout the year at high altitudes on the island. This finding suggests that feral cats selectively prey on shearwaters. This is probably because of their large body size and less cautious behavior, and because introduced rats sustain the cat population when shearwaters are absent. The number of streaked shearwaters killed was estimated to be 313 individuals per cat per year, which represents an indication of top-down effects of feral cats on streaked shearwaters. Further studies on the demographic parameters and interspecific interactions of the three species are required to enable effective cat management for the conservation of streaked shearwaters on this island.
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18
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Medina FM, Melo T, Oliveira P, Nogales M, Geraldes P. Trophic ecology of an introduced top predator (
Felis catus
) on a small African oceanic islet (Santa Luzia, Cabo Verde Islands). Afr J Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Manuel Medina
- Servicio de Medio Ambiente Cabildo Insular de La Palma Santa Cruz de La Palma Canary Islands Spain
- Ecology and Evolution Research Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA‐CSIC) La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | - Tommy Melo
- Associação Biosfera 1 São Vicente Republic of Cabo Verde
| | - Paulo Oliveira
- Instituto de Florestas e Conservação da Natureza Funchal Madeira Portugal
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Ecology and Evolution Research Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA‐CSIC) La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves Lisboa Portugal
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19
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Identification of the population source of free-ranging cats threatening endemic species on Tokunoshima Island, Japan. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFree-ranging cats Felis silvestris catus are harmful to endemic species, especially on islands. Effective management practices require an understanding of their habitat use and population source at the landscape level. We aimed to identify the source of the free-ranging cat population on Tokunoshima Island, Japan, which harbors a variety of endemic organisms as well as human settlements. Trapping data for the whole island were provided by local governments, and landscape factors (residential, agricultural, and woodlot areas and cattle barn density) affecting cat density were explored. An analysis of live-capture data indicated that the density (per 1 km2) of free-ranging cats was positively correlated with the densities of cattle barns and woodlot areas and negatively correlated with residential areas. An interview survey revealed that nearly half of the cattle barns feed free-ranging cats. The source habitat of free-ranging cats appears to be areas with a high density of cattle barns and a high percentage of woodlots in human-dominated landscapes. Feeding cats in cattle barns may strengthen the bottom-up process of population growth on the island. To reduce the impact of cats on endemic species on Tokunoshima Island, efforts to stop feeding cats in cattle barns are important. Reaching a consensus with stakeholders will require further studies of the ecological risks posed by free-ranging cats.
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20
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Moseby KE, McGregor H, Read JL. The lethal 23%: predator demography influences predation risk for threatened prey. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Moseby
- Centre for Ecosystem Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Arid Recovery Roxby Downs SA Australia
| | - H. McGregor
- Arid Recovery Roxby Downs SA Australia
- University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - J. L. Read
- University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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21
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Rød‐Eriksen L, Skrutvold J, Herfindal I, Jensen H, Eide NE. Highways associated with expansion of boreal scavengers into the alpine tundra of Fennoscandia. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rød‐Eriksen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway
- Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | | | - Ivar Herfindal
- Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Nina E. Eide
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway
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22
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Legge S, Woinarski JCZ, Dickman CR, Murphy BP, Woolley LA, Calver MC. We need to worry about Bella and Charlie: the impacts of pet cats on Australian wildlife. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/wr19174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research and management attention on the impacts of the introduced domestic cat (Felis catus) on Australian fauna have focussed mainly on the feral population. Here, we summarise the evidence for impacts of predation by pet cats on Australian wildlife. We collate examples of local wildlife population decline and extirpation as a result, at least in part, of predation by pet cats. We assemble information across 66 studies of predation by pet cats worldwide (including 24 Australian studies) to estimate the predation toll of pet cats in Australia, plus the predation pressure per unit area in residential areas. We compared these estimates to those published for feral cats in Australia. The per capita kill rate of pet cats is 25% that of feral cats. However, pet cats live at much higher densities, so the predation rate of pets per square kilometre in residential areas is 28–52 times larger than predation rates by feral cats in natural environments, and 1.3–2.3 times greater than predation rates per km2 by feral cats living in urban areas. Pet cats kill introduced species more often than do feral cats living in natural environments, but, nonetheless, the toll of native animals killed per square kilometre by pet cats in residential areas is still much higher than the toll per square kilometre by feral cats. There is no evidence that pet cats exert significant control of introduced species. The high predation toll of pet cats in residential areas, the documented examples of declines and extirpations in populations of native species caused by pet cats, and potential pathways for other, indirect effects (e.g. from disease, landscapes of fear, ecological footprints), and the context of extraordinary impacts from feral cats on Australian fauna, together support a default position that pet cat impacts are serious and should be reduced. From a technical perspective, the pet cat impacts can be reduced more effectively and humanely than those of feral cats, while also enhancing pet cat welfare. We review the management options for reducing predation by pet cats, and discuss the opportunities and challenges for improved pet cat management and welfare.
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23
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Stobo-Wilson AM, Brandle R, Johnson CN, Jones ME. Management of invasive mesopredators in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia: effectiveness and implications. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/wr19237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextSignificant resources have been devoted to the control of introduced mesopredators in Australia. However, the control or removal of one pest species, such as, for example, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), may inadvertently benefit other invasive species, namely feral cats (Felis catus) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), potentially jeopardising native-species recovery.
AimsTo (1) investigate the impact of a large-scale, long-term fox-baiting program on the abundance of foxes, feral cats and introduced and native prey species in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, and (2) determine the effectiveness of a short time period of cat removal in immediately reducing feral cat abundance where foxes are absent.
MethodsWe conducted an initial camera-trap survey in fox-baited and unbaited sites in the Flinders Ranges, to quantify the impact of fox baiting on the relative abundance of foxes, feral cats and their prey. We then conducted a secondary survey in sites where foxes were absent, following an intensive, but short, time period of cat removal, in which 40 cats were shot and killed.
Key resultsNo foxes were detected within baited sites, but were frequently detected in unbaited sites. We found a corresponding and significant increase in several native prey species in fox-baited sites where foxes were absent. Feral cats and rabbits were also more frequently detected within baited sites, but fox baiting did not singularly predict the abundance of either species. Rather, feral cats were less abundant in open habitat where foxes were present (unbaited), and rabbits were more abundant within one predominantly open-habitat site, where foxes were absent (fox-baited). We found no effect of short-term cat removal in reducing the local abundance of feral cats. In both camera-trap surveys, feral cat detections were positively associated with rabbits.
ConclusionsLong-term fox baiting was effective in fox removal and was associated with a greater abundance of native and introduced prey species in the Flinders Ranges. To continue to recover and conserve regional biodiversity, effective cat control is required.
ImplicationsOur study showed fox removal has likely resulted in the local release of rabbits and an associated increase in cats. Because feral cat abundance seemingly fluctuated with rabbits, we suggest rabbit control may provide an alternative and more effective means to reduce local feral cat populations than short-term removal programs.
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24
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The short-term response of feral cats to rabbit population decline: Are alternative native prey more at risk? Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Predation on endangered species by human-subsidized domestic cats on Tokunoshima Island. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16200. [PMID: 31700052 PMCID: PMC6838317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to unravel how invasive species impact native ecosystems in order to control them effectively. The presence of abundant exotic prey promotes population growth of invasive predators, thereby enhancing the predation pressure on native prey (hyper-predation). Not only the exotic prey but also feeding by humans is likely to cause “hyper-predation”. However, the contribution of artificial resources to this was underestimated in previous studies. Here, we combined fecal and stable isotope analyses to reveal short- and long-term food habits of free-ranging cats on Tokunoshima Island. Although 20.1% of the feral cat feces contained evidence of forest-living species, stable isotope analysis suggested that the cats were mostly dependent on artificial resources. In addition, a general linear model analysis showed that their diet was strongly correlated with landscape variables. These results indicate that the invasive free-ranging cats are aided by anthropogenic feeding, and they move from the human habituated area to natural areas with high biodiversity. These findings suggest the possibility of human feeding indirectly accelerates the effect of cat predation, and call for a further study on their demography. Cat management mainly involves trapping, but our findings show that educating local residents to stop feeding free-ranging cats and keeping pet cats indoors are also important.
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26
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Madden H, Van Andel T, Miller J, Stech M, Verdel K, Eggermont E. Vegetation associations and relative abundance of rodents on St. Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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27
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Nur N, Bradley RW, Salas L, Warzybok P, Jahncke J. Evaluating population impacts of predation by owls on storm petrels in relation to proposed island mouse eradication. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Nur
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - Russell W. Bradley
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - Leo Salas
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - Pete Warzybok
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - Jaime Jahncke
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
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28
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Introduced lagomorph produce stronger potential apparent competition in invaded communities than any other species in a similar but native food web. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Newsome TM, Howden C, Wirsing AJ. Restriction of anthropogenic foods alters a top predator’s diet and intraspecific interactions. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnthropogenic foods are utilized by many animals around the world, and these resources could impact dietary preferences and intra- and interspecific interactions. Under a quasi-Before-After-Control-Impact experimental design, we assessed how dingoes (Canis dingo) responded to a decline in anthropogenic foods in the Tanami Desert, central Australia. We did so by assessing dingo diets close to and away from human influence during a period when food waste was available at two rubbish tips, and then during a period when food waste was restricted at one of the tips. Our results demonstrate that access to anthropogenic foods can alter a top predator’s diet. Namely, dingoes showed a preference for eating the desert mouse (Pseudomys desertor) in areas where food waste was restricted, whereas dingo diets did not reflect ambient prey availability at areas where food waste was constantly available. Reduced availability of food waste also affected interactions between dingoes, with cannibalism decreasing where food waste was removed, and it may have increased consumption of a subordinate mesopredator, the feral cat (Felis catus). By implication, efforts to manage food waste could reestablish or strengthen interactions between predators and their wild prey with possible cascading consequences for ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Howden
- Sydney Informatics Hub, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aaron J Wirsing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Kelt DA, Heske EJ, Lambin X, Oli MK, Orrock JL, Ozgul A, Pauli JN, Prugh LR, Sollmann R, Sommer S. Advances in population ecology and species interactions in mammals. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe study of mammals has promoted the development and testing of many ideas in contemporary ecology. Here we address recent developments in foraging and habitat selection, source–sink dynamics, competition (both within and between species), population cycles, predation (including apparent competition), mutualism, and biological invasions. Because mammals are appealing to the public, ecological insight gleaned from the study of mammals has disproportionate potential in educating the public about ecological principles and their application to wise management. Mammals have been central to many computational and statistical developments in recent years, including refinements to traditional approaches and metrics (e.g., capture-recapture) as well as advancements of novel and developing fields (e.g., spatial capture-recapture, occupancy modeling, integrated population models). The study of mammals also poses challenges in terms of fully characterizing dynamics in natural conditions. Ongoing climate change threatens to affect global ecosystems, and mammals provide visible and charismatic subjects for research on local and regional effects of such change as well as predictive modeling of the long-term effects on ecosystem function and stability. Although much remains to be done, the population ecology of mammals continues to be a vibrant and rapidly developing field. We anticipate that the next quarter century will prove as exciting and productive for the study of mammals as has the recent one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Kelt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Heske
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Madan K Oli
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John L Orrock
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan N Pauli
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura R Prugh
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Sommer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Cunningham CX, Johnson CN, Jones ME. Harnessing the power of ecological interactions to reduce the impacts of feral cats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2019.1585289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher N. Johnson
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Menna E. Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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32
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Edoh Ognakossan K, Mutungi CM, Otieno TO, Affognon HD, Sila DN, Owino WO. Quantitative and quality losses caused by rodents in on-farm stored maize: a case study in the low land tropical zone of Kenya. Food Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-018-0861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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33
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Thomsen SK, Mazurkiewicz DM, Stanley TR, Green DJ. El Niño/Southern Oscillation-driven rainfall pulse amplifies predation by owls on seabirds via apparent competition with mice. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1161. [PMID: 30355706 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most approaches for assessing species vulnerability to climate change have focused on direct impacts via abiotic changes rather than indirect impacts mediated by changes in species interactions. Changes in rainfall regimes may influence species interactions from the bottom-up by increasing primary productivity in arid environments, but subsequently lead to less predictable top-down effects. Our study demonstrates how the effects of an EL Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven rainfall pulse ricochets along a chain of interactions between marine and terrestrial food webs, leading to enhanced predation of a vulnerable marine predator on its island breeding grounds. On Santa Barbara Island, barn owls (Tyto alba) are the main predator of a nocturnal seabird, the Scripps's murrelet (Synthliboramphus scrippsi), as well as an endemic deer mouse. We followed the links between rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index and subsequent peaks in mouse and owl abundance. After the mouse population declined steeply, there was approximately 15-fold increase in the number of murrelets killed by owls. We also simulated these dynamics with a mathematical model and demonstrate that bottom-up resource pulses can lead to subsequent declines in alternative prey. Our study highlights the need for understanding how species interactions will change with shifting rainfall patterns through the effects of ENSO under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Thomsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | | | - Thomas R Stanley
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - David J Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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34
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Linklater W, Steer J. Predator Free 2050: A flawed conservation policy displaces higher priorities and better, evidence‐based alternatives. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Linklater
- Centre for Biodiversity & Restoration EcologyVictoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jamie Steer
- Biodiversity DepartmentGreater Wellington Regional Council Wellington New Zealand
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35
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Barbar F, Lambertucci SA. The roles of leporid species that have been translocated: a review of their ecosystem effects as native and exotic species. Mamm Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Barbar
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación; Laboratorio Ecotono; INIBIOMA - CONICET (Universidad Nacional del Comahue); Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche Bariloche Río Negro 8400 Argentina
| | - Sergio A. Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación; Laboratorio Ecotono; INIBIOMA - CONICET (Universidad Nacional del Comahue); Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche Bariloche Río Negro 8400 Argentina
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36
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Lurgi M, Ritchie EG, Fordham DA. Eradicating abundant invasive prey could cause unexpected and varied biodiversity outcomes: The importance of multispecies interactions. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lurgi
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Ecological Networks and Global Change Group; Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station; CNRS and Paul Sabatier University; Moulis France
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Centre for Integrative Ecology; Deakin University; Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Damien A. Fordham
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate; National Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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37
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Jones HP, Campbell KJ, Burke AM, Baxter GS, Hanson CC, Mittermeier RA. Introduced non-hominid primates impact biodiversity and livelihoods: management priorities. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Liu X, Wang S, Ke Z, Cheng C, Wang Y, Zhang F, Xu F, Li X, Gao X, Jin C, Zhu W, Yan S, Li Y. More invaders do not result in heavier impacts: The effects of non-native bullfrogs on native anurans are mitigated by high densities of non-native crayfish. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:850-862. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Supen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zunwei Ke
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Hanjiang Normal University; Shiyan China
| | - Chaoyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- College of Life Sciences; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu China
| | - Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi China
| | - Xianping Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Changnan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Chinese National Geography; Institute of Geographic Science and Nature Resources Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Shaofei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering; Anhui University; Hefei China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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Budroni MA, Loru L, Pantaleoni RA, Rustici M. Effects of an asynchronous alien host on a native host-parasitoid system. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Buenavista S, Palomares F. The role of exotic mammals in the diet of native carnivores from South America. Mamm Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Setefilla Buenavista
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station; CSIC; E-41092 Seville Spain
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41
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Lohr CA, Hone J, Bode M, Dickman CR, Wenger A, Pressey RL. Modeling dynamics of native and invasive species to guide prioritization of management actions. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A. Lohr
- Department of Parks and Wildlife Science and Conservation Division 37 Wildlife Pl Woodvale Western Australia 6026 Australia
| | - Jim Hone
- Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Michael Bode
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Christopher R. Dickman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Amelia Wenger
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Robert L. Pressey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
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42
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Cerri J, Ferretti M, Bertolino S. Rabbits killing hares: an invasive mammal modifies native predator-prey dynamics. Anim Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cerri
- Istituto di Management; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Pisa Italy
| | - M. Ferretti
- Regione Toscana; Corso Gramsci; Pistoia Italy
| | - S. Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; Torino Italy
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Doherty TS, Dickman CR, Johnson CN, Legge SM, Ritchie EG, Woinarski JCZ. Impacts and management of feral catsFelis catusin Australia. Mamm Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim S. Doherty
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Centre for Integrative Ecology (Burwood campus); Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - Chris R. Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Chris N. Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Sarah M. Legge
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub; National Environmental Science Program; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld Australia
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Centre for Integrative Ecology (Burwood campus); Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - John C. Z. Woinarski
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub; National Environmental Science Programme; Charles Darwin University; Casuarina NT Australia
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Cattau CE, Fletcher RJ, Reichert BE, Kitchens WM. Counteracting effects of a non-native prey on the demography of a native predator culminate in positive population growth. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:1952-1968. [PMID: 27755742 DOI: 10.1890/15-1020.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Identifying impacts of non-native species on native populations is central to conservation and ecology. While effects of non-native predators on native prey populations have recently received much attention, impacts of introduced prey on native predator populations are less understood. Non-native prey can influence predator behavior and demography through direct and indirect pathways, yet quantitative assessments of the relative impacts of multiple, potentially counteracting, effects on native predator population growth remain scarce. Using ≈20 years of range-wide monitoring data, we tested for effects of a recently introduced, rapidly spreading non-native prey species (Pomacea maculata) on the behavior and demography of the endangered Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis). Previous studies found that food-handling difficulties caused by the large size of P. maculata (relative to the native P. paludosa) can lead to energetic deficiencies in juvenile kites, suggesting the potential for evolutionary traps to occur. However, high densities of P. maculata populations could facilitate kites by providing supplemental food resources. Contrary to prior hypotheses, we found that juvenile apparent survival increased ≈50% in wetlands invaded by non-native snails. Breeding rates and number of young fledged/successful nests were also positively associated with non-native snail presence, suggesting direct trophic benefits to kites. We found no direct effects of the invasive snail on adult survival or daily nest survival rates. Kite movements and breeding distribution closely tracked the spread of non-native snail populations. Since 2005, kites have been heavily concentrated in northern regions where non-native snails have established. This geographic shift has had hidden costs, as use of northern regions is associated with lower adult survival. Despite negative impacts to this key vital rate, matrix population modeling indicated that the multifarious effects of the non-native snail invasion on kites culminated in increased population growth rates, likely lowering short-term extinction risks. Results suggest that considering only particular components of behavior or demography may be inadequate to infer the population-dynamic importance of non-native prey on native predators, including their role in creating potential evolutionary traps. Our findings provide information pertinent to Everglades restoration, highlighting potential management trade-offs for non-native species that may aid imperiled species recovery yet disrupt other native communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Cattau
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
- Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - Robert J Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Brian E Reichert
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
- Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Wiley M Kitchens
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
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Barbar F, Hiraldo F, Lambertucci SA. Medium-sized exotic prey create novel food webs: the case of predators and scavengers consuming lagomorphs. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2273. [PMID: 27547575 PMCID: PMC4974932 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Food web interactions are key to community structure. The introduction of species can be seen as an uncontrolled experiment of the addition of species. Introduced species lead to multiple changes, frequently threatening the native biodiversity. However, little is known about their direct effect on the upper level of the food web. In this study we review empirical data on the predator–prey relationship between the introduced lagomorphs and their consumers, and use meta-analytical tools to quantify the strength of their interactions. We expect that exotic lagomorphs will destabilize food webs, affect ecological processes and compromise the conservation of the invaded regions. We found 156 studies on the diet of 43 species of predators that consume lagomorphs as exotic preys in South America and Oceania. We found an average exotic lagomorphs-predator link of 20% which indicates a strong interaction, given that the average for the strongest links with native prey (when lagomorphs are not included in the predator diet) is about 24%. Additionally, this last link decreases to 17% when lagomorphs are present. When lagomorphs arrive in a new environment they may become the most important resource for predators, producing an unstable equilibrium in the novel food web. Any disruption of this interaction could have catastrophic consequences for the native diversity by directly impacting predators or indirectly impacting native preys by apparent competition. Eradication or any change in their abundances should be carefully considered in conservation actions since those will have great impacts on predator populations and ultimately in the whole communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Barbar
- Grupo de Biología de la Conservación, Ecotono Laboratory, INIBIOMA-CONICET (Universidad Nacional del Comahue) , San Carlos de Bariloche , Río Negro , Argentina
| | - Fernando Hiraldo
- Departmento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica Doñana-CSIC España , Sevilla , España
| | - Sergio A Lambertucci
- Grupo de Biología de la Conservación, Ecotono Laboratory, INIBIOMA-CONICET (Universidad Nacional del Comahue) , San Carlos de Bariloche , Río Negro , Argentina
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Allen BL, Carmelito E, Amos M, Goullet MS, Allen LR, Speed J, Gentle M, Leung LKP. Diet of dingoes and other wild dogs in peri-urban areas of north-eastern Australia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23028. [PMID: 26964762 PMCID: PMC4786856 DOI: 10.1038/srep23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the resource requirements of urban predators can improve our understanding of their ecology and assist town planners and wildlife management agencies in developing management approaches that alleviate human-wildlife conflicts. Here we examine food and dietary items identified in scats of dingoes in peri-urban areas of north-eastern Australia to better understand their resource requirements and the potential for dingoes to threaten locally fragmented populations of native fauna. Our primary aim was to determine what peri-urban dingoes eat, and whether or not this differs between regions. We identified over 40 different food items in dingo scats, almost all of which were mammals. Individual species commonly observed in dingo scats included agile wallabies, northern brown bandicoots and swamp wallabies. Birds were relatively common in some areas but not others, as were invertebrates. Dingoes were identified as a significant potential threat to fragmented populations of koalas. Dietary overlap was typically very high or near-identical between regions, indicating that peri-urban dingoes ate the same types or sizes of prey in different areas. Future studies should seek to quantify actual and perceived impacts of, and human attitudes towards, peri-urban dingoes, and to develop management strategies with a greater chance of reducing human-wildlife conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Allen
- Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia.,The University of Southern Queensland, Institute for Agriculture and Environment, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Erin Carmelito
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Matt Amos
- Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | | | - Lee R Allen
- Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - James Speed
- Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Matt Gentle
- Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Luke K-P Leung
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
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Schoen ER, Beauchamp DA, Buettner AR, Overman NC. Temperature and depth mediate resource competition and apparent competition between Mysis diluviana and kokanee. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 25:1962-75. [PMID: 26591461 DOI: 10.1890/14-1822.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In many food webs, species in similar trophic positions can interact either by competing for resources or boosting shared predators (apparent competition), but little is known about how the relative strengths of these interactions vary across environmental gradients. Introduced Mysis diluviana shrimp interact with planktivorous fishes such as kokanee salmon (lacustrine Oncorhynchus nerka) through both of these pathways, and effective management depends on understanding which interaction is more limiting under different conditions. An "environmental matching" hypothesis predicts the ecological impacts of Mysis are maximized under cool conditions near its thermal optimum. In addition, we hypothesized Mysis is more vulnerable to predation by lake trout in relatively shallow waters, and therefore Mysis enhances lake trout density and limits kokanee through apparent competition more strongly in shallower habitats. We tested whether these hypotheses could explain food web differences between two connected lake basins, one relatively shallow and the other extremely deep. The shallower basin warmed faster, thermally excluded Mysis from surface waters for 75% longer, and supported 2.5-18 times greater seasonal production of cladoceran zooplankton than the deeper basin, standardized by surface area. Mysis consumed 14-22% less zooplankton in the shallower basin, and lower ratios of total planktivore consumption to zooplankton production (C:P) indicated less potential for resource competition with kokanee, consistent with environmental matching. Lake trout diets contained more Mysis in the shallower basin and at shallower sampling sites within both basins. The catch rate of lake trout was seven times greater and the predation risk for kokanee was 4-5 times greater in the shallower basin than in the deeper basin, consistent with stronger apparent competition in shallower habitats. Understanding how the strengths of these interactions are mediated by temperature and depth would enable managers to select appropriate strategies to address the unique combinations of conditions in hundreds of affected systems.
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Observations of Territorial Breeding Common Ravens Caching Eggs of Greater Sage-Grouse. JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.3996/042014-jfwm-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous investigations using continuous video monitoring of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus nests have unambiguously identified common ravens Corvus corax as an important egg predator within the western United States. The quantity of greater sage-grouse eggs an individual common raven consumes during the nesting period and the extent to which common ravens actively hunt greater sage-grouse nests are largely unknown. However, some evidence suggests that territorial breeding common ravens, rather than nonbreeding transients, are most likely responsible for nest depredations. We describe greater sage-grouse egg depredation observations obtained opportunistically from three common raven nests located in Idaho and Nevada where depredated greater sage-grouse eggs were found at or in the immediate vicinity of the nest site, including the caching of eggs in nearby rock crevices. We opportunistically monitored these nests by counting and removing depredated eggs and shell fragments from the nest sites during each visit to determine the extent to which the common raven pairs preyed on greater sage-grouse eggs. To our knowledge, our observations represent the first evidence that breeding, territorial pairs of common ravens cache greater sage-grouse eggs and are capable of depredating multiple greater sage-grouse nests.
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Pintor LM, Byers JE. Do native predators benefit from non-native prey? Ecol Lett 2015; 18:1174-1180. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Pintor
- School of Environment & Natural Resources; The Ohio State University; 2021 Coffey Road Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Odum School of Ecology; University of Georgia; 140 E. Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - James E. Byers
- Odum School of Ecology; University of Georgia; 140 E. Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
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