1
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Chung KP, Frieboese D, Waltz F, Engel BD, Bock R. Identification and characterization of the COPII vesicle-forming GTPase Sar1 in Chlamydomonas. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e614. [PMID: 38887666 PMCID: PMC11180857 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are highly compartmentalized, requiring elaborate transport mechanisms to facilitate the movement of proteins between membrane-bound compartments. Most proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are transported to the Golgi apparatus through COPII-mediated vesicular trafficking. Sar1, a small GTPase that facilitates the formation of COPII vesicles, plays a critical role in the early steps of this protein secretory pathway. Sar1 was characterized in yeast, animals and plants, but no Sar1 homolog has been identified and functionally analyzed in algae. Here we identified a putative Sar1 homolog (CrSar1) in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through amino acid sequence similarity. We employed site-directed mutagenesis to generate a dominant-negative mutant of CrSar1 (CrSar1DN). Using protein secretion assays, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of CrSar1DN on protein secretion. However, different from previously studied organisms, ectopic expression of CrSar1DN did not result in collapse of the ER-Golgi interface in Chlamydomonas. Nonetheless, our data suggest a largely conserved role of CrSar1 in the ER-to-Golgi protein secretory pathway in green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Pan Chung
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdamGermany
| | - Daniel Frieboese
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdamGermany
| | | | | | - Ralph Bock
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdamGermany
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2
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Liu Z, Yang Q, Wu P, Li Y, Lin Y, Liu W, Guo S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xu P, Qian Y, Xie Q. Dynamic monitoring of TGW6 by selective autophagy during grain development in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2419-2435. [PMID: 37743547 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield must increase to achieve food security in the face of a growing population and environmental deterioration. Grain size is a prime breeding target for improving grain yield and quality in crop. Here, we report that autophagy emerges as an important regulatory pathway contributing to grain size and quality in rice. Mutations of rice Autophagy-related 9b (OsATG9b) or OsATG13a causes smaller grains and increase of chalkiness, whereas overexpression of either promotes grain size and quality. We also demonstrate that THOUSAND-GRAIN WEIGHT 6 (TGW6), a superior allele that regulates grain size and quality in the rice variety Kasalath, interacts with OsATG8 via the canonical Atg8-interacting motif (AIM), and then is recruited to the autophagosome for selective degradation. In consistent, alteration of either OsATG9b or OsATG13a expression results in reciprocal modulation of TGW6 abundance during grain growth. Genetic analyses confirmed that knockout of TGW6 in either osatg9b or osatg13a mutants can partially rescue their grain size defects, indicating that TGW6 is one of the substrates for autophagy to regulate grain development. We therefore propose a potential framework for autophagy in contributing to grain size and quality in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pingfan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yifan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanni Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310001, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, The Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yangwen Qian
- WIMI Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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3
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Bao X, Wang Y, Qi Y, Lei C, Wang Y, Pan T, Yu M, Zhang Y, Wu H, Zhang P, Ji Y, Yang H, Jiang X, Jing R, Yan M, Zhang B, Gu C, Zhu J, Hao Y, Lei J, Zhang S, Chen X, Chen R, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Jiang L, Visser RGF, Ren Y, Wang Y, Wan J. A deleterious Sar1c variant in rice inhibits export of seed storage proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:291-307. [PMID: 36469200 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We identified a dosage-dependent dominant negative form of Sar1c, which confirms the essential role of COPII system in mediating ER export of storage proteins in rice endosperm. Higher plants accumlate large amounts of seed storage proteins (SSPs). However, mechanisms underlying SSP trafficking are largely unknown, especially the ER-Golgi anterograde process. Here, we showed that a rice glutelin precursor accumulation13 (gpa13) mutant exhibited floury endosperm and overaccumulated glutelin precursors, which phenocopied the reported RNAi-Sar1abc line. Molecular cloning revealed that the gpa13 allele encodes a mutated Sar1c (mSar1c) with a deletion of two conserved amino acids Pro134 and Try135. Knockdown or knockout of Sar1c alone caused no obvious phenotype, while overexpression of mSar1c resulted in seedling lethality similar to the gpa13 mutant. Transient expression experiment in tobacco combined with subcellular fractionation experiment in gpa13 demonstrated that the expression of mSar1c affects the subcellular distribution of all Sar1 isoforms and Sec23c. In addition, mSar1c failed to interact with COPII component Sec23. Conversely, mSar1c competed with Sar1a/b/d to interact with guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sec12. Together, we identified a dosage-dependent dominant negative form of Sar1c, which confirms the essential role of COPII system in mediating ER export of storage proteins in rice endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhao Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhou Qi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Yan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Binglei Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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4
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McGinness AJ, Schoberer J, Pain C, Brandizzi F, Kriechbaumer V. On the nature of the plant ER exit sites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010569. [PMID: 36275575 PMCID: PMC9585722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi bodies are not only in close proximity, but are also physically linked. This unique organization raises questions about the nature of the transport vectors carrying cargo between the two organelles. Same as in metazoan and yeast cells, it was suggested that cargo is transported from the ER to Golgi cisternae via COPII-coated vesicles produced at ribosome-free ER exit sites (ERES). Recent developments in mammalian cell research suggest, though, that COPII helps to select secretory cargo, but does not coat the carriers leaving the ER. Furthermore, it was shown that mammalian ERES expand into a tubular network containing secretory cargo, but no COPII components. Because of the close association of the ER and Golgi bodies in plant cells, it was previously proposed that ERES and the Golgi comprise a secretory unit that travels over or with a motile ER membrane. In this study, we aimed to explore the nature of ERES in plant cells and took advantage of high-resolution confocal microscopy and imaged ERES labelled with canonical markers (Sar1a, Sec16, Sec24). We found that ERES are dynamically connected to Golgi bodies and most likely represent pre-cis-Golgi cisternae. Furthermore, we showed fine tubular connections from the ER to Golgi compartments (ERGo tubules) as well as fine protrusions from ERES/Golgi cisternae connecting with the ER. We suggest that these tubules observed between the ER and Golgi as well as between the ER and ERES are involved in stabilizing the physical connection between ER and ERES/Golgi cisternae, but may also be involved in cargo transport from the ER to Golgi bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J. McGinness
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Schoberer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Pain
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Kim JH, Lee HN, Huang X, Jung H, Otegui MS, Li F, Chung T. FYVE2, a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate effector, interacts with the COPII machinery to control autophagosome formation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:351-373. [PMID: 34718777 PMCID: PMC8846182 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular trafficking mechanism by which cytosolic macromolecules and organelles are sequestered into autophagosomes for degradation inside the vacuole. In various eukaryotes including yeast, metazoans, and plants, the precursor of the autophagosome, termed the phagophore, nucleates in the vicinity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with the participation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) and the coat protein complex II (COPII). Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana FYVE2, a plant-specific PI3P-binding protein, provides a functional link between the COPII machinery and autophagy. FYVE2 interacts with the small GTPase Secretion-associated Ras-related GTPase 1 (SAR1), which is essential for the budding of COPII vesicles. FYVE2 also interacts with ATG18A, another PI3P effector on the phagophore membrane. Fluorescently tagged FYVE2 localized to autophagic membranes near the ER and was delivered to vacuoles. SAR1 fusion proteins were also targeted to the vacuole via FYVE2-dependent autophagy. Either mutations in FYVE2 or the expression of dominant-negative mutant SAR1B proteins resulted in reduced autophagic flux and the accumulation of autophagic organelles. We propose that FYVE2 regulates autophagosome biogenesis through its interaction with ATG18A and the COPII machinery, acting downstream of ATG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Nim Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Xiao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Hyera Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Faqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Taijoon Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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6
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Akamatsu A, Fujiwara M, Hamada S, Wakabayashi M, Yao A, Wang Q, Kosami KI, Dang TT, Kaneko-Kawano T, Fukada F, Shimamoto K, Kawano Y. The Small GTPase OsRac1 Forms Two Distinct Immune Receptor Complexes Containing the PRR OsCERK1 and the NLR Pit. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1662-1675. [PMID: 34329461 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ two different types of immune receptors, cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs), to cope with pathogen invasion. Both immune receptors often share similar downstream components and responses but it remains unknown whether a PRR and an NLR assemble into the same protein complex or two distinct receptor complexes. We have previously found that the small GTPase OsRac1 plays key roles in the signaling of OsCERK1, a PRR for fungal chitin, and of Pit, an NLR for rice blast fungus, and associates directly and indirectly with both of these immune receptors. In this study, using biochemical and bioimaging approaches, we revealed that OsRac1 formed two distinct receptor complexes with OsCERK1 and with Pit. Supporting this result, OsCERK1 and Pit utilized different transport systems for anchorage to the plasma membrane (PM). Activation of OsCERK1 and Pit led to OsRac1 activation and, concomitantly, OsRac1 shifted from a small to a large protein complex fraction. We also found that the chaperone Hsp90 contributed to the proper transport of Pit to the PM and the immune induction of Pit. These findings illuminate how the PRR OsCERK1 and the NLR Pit orchestrate rice immunity through the small GTPase OsRac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Akamatsu
- Department of Biosciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Yanmar Holdings Co., Ltd, 1-32 Chayamachi, Kita Ward, Osaka 530-8311, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hamada
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Megumi Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Field Solutions North East Asia, Agronomic Operations Japan, Agronomic Technology Station East Japan, Bayer Crop Science K.K., 9511-4 Yuki, Ibaraki 307-0001, Japan
| | - Ai Yao
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ken-Ichi Kosami
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
- Fruit Tree Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Matsuyama, 1618 Shimoidaicho, Ehime 791-0112, Japan
| | - Thu Thi Dang
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
- IRHS-UMR1345, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé 49071, France
| | - Takako Kaneko-Kawano
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1 Chome-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Fumi Fukada
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maiokachō, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan
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7
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Zhang W, Qiu Y, Zhou L, Yin J, Wang L, Zhi H, Xu K. Development of a Viral RdRp-Assisted Gene Silencing System and Its Application in the Identification of Host Factors of Plant (+)RNA Virus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:682921. [PMID: 34394029 PMCID: PMC8358433 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene silencing induced by hairpin RNA or virus infection expression is one of the major tools in genetics studies in plants. However, when dealing with essential genes, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transgenic expression of hairpin RNA could lead to plant death, while transient expression of hairpin RNA in leaves is often less competent in downregulating target gene mRNA levels. Here, we developed a transient double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) expression system assisted by a modified viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in plant leaves. We show that this system is more effective in inducing gene silencing than the intron-spliced hairpin RNA expression. Furthermore, by using this system, we tested the role of the early secretory pathway during infection of Soybean mosaic potyvirus (SMV). We found that key components of the coat protein complex II vesicles are required for the multiplication of SMV. Overall, this dsRNA-based gene silencing system is effective in downregulating plant gene expression and can be used to identify host genes involved in plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanglin Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Yin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijian Zhi
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Ge FR, Chai S, Li S, Zhang Y. Targeting and signaling of Rho of plants guanosine triphosphatases require synergistic interaction between guanine nucleotide inhibitor and vesicular trafficking. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1484-1499. [PMID: 32198818 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic cells are polarized. Common toolbox regulating cell polarization includes Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), in which spatiotemporal activation is regulated by a plethora of regulators. Rho of plants (ROPs) are the only Rho GTPases in plants. Although vesicular trafficking was hinted in the regulation of ROPs, it was unclear where vesicle-carried ROP starts, whether it is dynamically regulated, and which components participate in vesicle-mediated ROP targeting. In addition, although vesicle trafficking and guanine nucleotide inhibitor (GDI) pathways in Rho signaling have been extensively studied in yeast, it is unknown whether the two pathways interplay. Unclear are also cellular and developmental consequences of their interaction in multicellular organisms. Here, we show that the dynamic targeting of ROP through vesicles requires coat protein complex II and ADP-ribosylation factor 1-mediated post-Golgi trafficking. Trafficking of vesicle-carried ROPs between the plasma membrane and the trans-Golgi network is mediated through adaptor protein 1 and sterol-mediated endocytosis. Finally, we show that GDI and vesicle trafficking synergistically regulate cell polarization and ROP targeting, suggesting that the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Sen Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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9
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Vieira V, Pain C, Wojcik S, Spatola Rossi T, Denecke J, Osterrieder A, Hawes C, Kriechbaumer V. Living on the edge: the role of Atgolgin-84A at the plant ER-Golgi interface. J Microsc 2020; 280:158-173. [PMID: 32700322 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The plant Golgi apparatus is responsible for the processing of proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their distribution to multiple destinations within the cell. Golgi matrix components, such as golgins, have been identified and suggested to function as putative tethering factors to mediate the physical connections between Golgi bodies and the ER network. Golgins are proteins anchored to the Golgi membrane by the C-terminus either through transmembrane domains or interaction with small regulatory GTPases. The golgin N-terminus contains long coiled-coil domains, which consist of a number of α-helices wrapped around each other to form a structure similar to a rope being made from several strands, reaching into the cytoplasm. In animal cells, golgins are also implicated in specific recognition of cargo at the Golgi.Here, we investigate the plant golgin Atgolgin-84A for its subcellular localization and potential role as a tethering factor at the ER-Golgi interface. For this, fluorescent fusions of Atgolgin-84A and an Atgolgin-84A truncation lacking the coiled-coil domains (Atgolgin-84AΔ1-557) were transiently expressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells and imaged using high-resolution confocal microscopy. We show that Atgolgin-84A localizes to a pre-cis-Golgi compartment that is also labelled by one of the COPII proteins as well as by the tether protein AtCASP. Upon overexpression of Atgolgin-84A or its deletion mutant, transport between the ER and Golgi bodies is impaired and cargo proteins are redirected to the vacuole. LAY DESCRIPTION: The Golgi apparatus is a specialised compartment found in mammalian and plant cells. It is the post office of the cell and packages proteins into small membrane boxes for transport to their destination in the cell. The plant Golgi apparatus consist of many separate Golgi bodies and is responsible for the processing of proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their distribution to multiple destinations within the cell. Specialised proteins called golgins have been suggested to tether Golgi bodies and the ER. Here we investigate the plant golgin Atgolgin-84A for its exact within the Golgi body and its potential role as a tethering factor at the ER-Golgi interface. For this, we have fused Atgolgin-84A with a fluorescent protein from jellyfish and we are producing this combination in tobacco leaf cells. This allows us to see the protein using laser microscopy. We show that Atgolgin-84A localises to a compartment between the ER and Golgi that is also labelled by the tether protein AtCASP. When Atgolgin-84A is produced in high amounts in the cell, transport between the ER and Golgi bodies is inhibited and proteins are redirected to the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vieira
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, U.K
| | - C Pain
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - S Wojcik
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - T Spatola Rossi
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - J Denecke
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - A Osterrieder
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K.,Bioethics and Engagement, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - C Hawes
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - V Kriechbaumer
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
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10
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Transcriptome and Hormone Analyses Revealed Insights into Hormonal and Vesicle Trafficking Regulation among Olea europaea Fruit Tissues in Late Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144819. [PMID: 32650402 PMCID: PMC7404322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit ripening and abscission are the results of the cell wall modification concerning different components of the signaling network. However, molecular-genetic information on the cross-talk between ripe fruit and their abscission zone (AZ) remains limited. In this study, we investigated transcriptional and hormonal changes in olive (Olea europaea L. cv Picual) pericarp and AZ tissues of fruit at the last stage of ripening, when fruit abscission occurs, to establish distinct tissue-specific expression patterns related to cell-wall modification, plant-hormone, and vesicle trafficking in combination with data on hormonal content. In this case, transcriptome profiling reveals that gene encoding members of the α-galactosidase and β-hexosaminidase families associated with up-regulation of RabB, RabD, and RabH classes of Rab-GTPases were exclusively transcribed in ripe fruit enriched in ABA, whereas genes of the arabinogalactan protein, laccase, lyase, endo-β-mannanase, ramnose synthase, and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase families associated with up-regulation of RabC, RabE, and RabG classes of Rab-GTPases were exclusively transcribed in AZ-enriched mainly in JA, which provide the first insights into the functional divergences among these protein families. The enrichment of these protein families in different tissues in combination with data on transcript abundance offer a tenable set of key genes of the regulatory network between olive fruit tissues in late development.
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11
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Furutani M, Hirano Y, Nishimura T, Nakamura M, Taniguchi M, Suzuki K, Oshida R, Kondo C, Sun S, Kato K, Fukao Y, Hakoshima T, Morita MT. Polar recruitment of RLD by LAZY1-like protein during gravity signaling in root branch angle control. Nat Commun 2020; 11:76. [PMID: 31900388 PMCID: PMC6941992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In many plant species, roots maintain specific growth angles relative to the direction of gravity, known as gravitropic set point angles (GSAs). These contribute to the efficient acquisition of water and nutrients. AtLAZY1/LAZY1-LIKE (LZY) genes are involved in GSA control by regulating auxin flow toward the direction of gravity in Arabidopsis. Here, we demonstrate that RCC1-like domain (RLD) proteins, identified as LZY interactors, are essential regulators of polar auxin transport. We show that interaction of the CCL domain of LZY with the BRX domain of RLD is important for the recruitment of RLD from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane by LZY. A structural analysis reveals the mode of the interaction as an intermolecular β-sheet in addition to the structure of the BRX domain. Our results offer a molecular framework in which gravity signal first emerges as polarized LZY3 localization in gravity-sensing cells, followed by polar RLD1 localization and PIN3 relocalization to modulate auxin flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Furutani
- 0000 0004 1760 2876grid.256111.0College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China ,0000 0004 1760 2876grid.256111.0FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant System Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China ,0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hirano
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aGraduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0101 Japan ,0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishimura
- 0000 0004 0618 8593grid.419396.0Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8556 Japan
| | - Moritaka Nakamura
- 0000 0004 0618 8593grid.419396.0Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8556 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Taniguchi
- 0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Kanako Suzuki
- 0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Oshida
- 0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Chiemi Kondo
- 0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Song Sun
- 0000 0004 1760 2876grid.256111.0College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China ,0000 0004 1760 2876grid.256111.0FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant System Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Kagayaki Kato
- 0000 0004 0618 8593grid.419396.0Laboratory of Biological Diversity, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8556 Japan ,0000 0000 9137 6732grid.250358.9Bioimage Informatics Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- 0000 0000 8863 9909grid.262576.2Department of Bioinformatics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577 Japan
| | - Toshio Hakoshima
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aGraduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- 0000 0004 0618 8593grid.419396.0Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8556 Japan
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12
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A signal motif retains Arabidopsis ER-α-mannosidase I in the cis-Golgi and prevents enhanced glycoprotein ERAD. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3701. [PMID: 31420549 PMCID: PMC6697737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis ER-α-mannosidase I (MNS3) generates an oligomannosidic N-glycan structure that is characteristically found on ER-resident glycoproteins. The enzyme itself has so far not been detected in the ER. Here, we provide evidence that in plants MNS3 exclusively resides in the Golgi apparatus at steady-state. Notably, MNS3 remains on dispersed punctate structures when subjected to different approaches that commonly result in the relocation of Golgi enzymes to the ER. Responsible for this rare behavior is an amino acid signal motif (LPYS) within the cytoplasmic tail of MNS3 that acts as a specific Golgi retention signal. This retention is a means to spatially separate MNS3 from ER-localized mannose trimming steps that generate the glycan signal required for flagging terminally misfolded glycoproteins for ERAD. The physiological importance of the very specific MNS3 localization is demonstrated here by means of a structurally impaired variant of the brassinosteroid receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1. The Arabidopsis ER-α-mannosidase I MNS3 generates N-glycan structures typical of ER-resident glycoproteins. Here Schoberer et al. identify a novel motif that anchors MNS3 to the cis-Golgi, spatially separating MNS3 from ER-localized mannose trimming associated with the ER-associated degradation pathway.
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13
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Sultana MM, Dutta AK, Tanaka Y, Aboulela M, Nishimura K, Sugiura S, Niwa T, Maeo K, Goto-Yamada S, Kimura T, Ishiguro S, Mano S, Nakagawa T. Gateway binary vectors with organelle-targeted fluorescent proteins for highly sensitive reporter assay in gene expression analysis of plants. J Biotechnol 2019; 297:19-27. [PMID: 30902643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins are valuable tools in the bioscience field especially in subcellular localization analysis of proteins and expression analysis of genes. Fusion with organelle-targeting signal accumulates fluorescent proteins in specific organelles, increases local brightness, and highlights the signal of fluorescent proteins even in tissues emitting a high background of autofluorescence. For these advantages, organelle-targeted fluorescent proteins are preferably used for promoter:reporter assay to define organ-, tissue-, or cell-specific expression pattern of genes in detail. In this study, we have developed a new series of Gateway cloning technology-compatible binary vectors, pGWBs (attR1-attR2 acceptor sites) and R4L1pGWB (attR4-attL1 acceptor sites), carrying organelle-targeted synthetic green fluorescent protein with S65T mutation (sGFP) (ER-, nucleus-, peroxisome-, and mitochondria-targeted sGFP) and organelle-targeted tag red fluorescent protein (TagRFP) (nucleus-, peroxisome-, and mitochondria-targeted TagRFP). These are available for preparation of promoter:reporter constructs by an LR reaction with a promoter entry clone attL1-promoter-attL2 (for pGWBs) or attL4-promoter-attR1 (for R4L1pGWBs), respectively. A transient expression experiment with particle bombardment using cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter-driven constructs has confirmed the correct localization of newly developed organelle-targeted TagRFPs by a co-localization analysis with the previously established organelle-targeted sGFPs. More intense and apparent fluorescence signals were detected by the nucleus- and peroxisome-targeted sGFPs than by the normal sGFPs in the promoter assay using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. The new pGWBs and R4L1pGWBs developed here are highly efficient and may serve as useful platforms for more accurate observation of GFP and RFP signals in gene expression analyses of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Momtaz Sultana
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Ministry of Agriculture, Khamarbari, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Mostafa Aboulela
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sugiura
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Niwa
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Maeo
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shino Goto-Yamada
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Sumie Ishiguro
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoji Mano
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
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14
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Razzak MA, Lee J, Lee DW, Kim JH, Yoon HS, Hwang I. Expression of seven carbonic anhydrases in red alga Gracilariopsis chorda and their subcellular localization in a heterologous system, Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:147-159. [PMID: 30446790 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Red alga, Gracilariopsis chorda, contains seven carbonic anhydrases that can be grouped into α-, β- and γ-classes. Carbonic anhydrases (CAHs) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2. These enzymes are present in all living organisms and play roles in various cellular processes, including photosynthesis. In this study, we identified seven CAH genes (GcCAHs) from the genome sequence of the red alga Gracilariopsis chorda and characterized them at the molecular, cellular and biochemical levels. Based on sequence analysis, these seven isoforms were categorized into four α-class, one β-class, and two γ-class isoforms. RNA sequencing revealed that of the seven CAHs isoforms, six genes were expressed in G. chorda in light at room temperature. In silico analysis revealed that these seven isoforms localized to multiple subcellular locations such as the ER, mitochondria and cytosol. When expressed as green fluorescent protein fusions in protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells, these seven isoforms showed multiple localization patterns. The four α-class GcCAHs with an N-terminal hydrophobic leader sequence localized to the ER and two of them were further targeted to the vacuole. GcCAHβ1 with no noticeable signal sequence localized to the cytosol. The two γ-class GcCAHs also localized to the cytosol, despite the presence of a predicted presequence. Based on these results, we propose that the red alga G. chorda also employs multiple CAH isoforms for various cellular processes such as photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Razzak
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - JunMo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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15
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Robles Luna G, Peña EJ, Borniego MB, Heinlein M, García ML. Citrus Psorosis Virus Movement Protein Contains an Aspartic Protease Required for Autocleavage and the Formation of Tubule-Like Structures at Plasmodesmata. J Virol 2018; 92:e00355-18. [PMID: 30135122 PMCID: PMC6189509 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00355-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant virus cell-to-cell movement is an essential step in viral infections. This process is facilitated by specific virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which manipulate the cell wall channels between neighboring cells known as plasmodesmata (PD). Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) infection in sweet orange involves the formation of tubule-like structures within PD, suggesting that CPsV belongs to "tubule-forming" viruses that encode MPs able to assemble a hollow tubule extending between cells to allow virus movement. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that the MP of CPsV (MPCPsV) indeed forms tubule-like structures at PD upon transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Tubule formation by MPCPsV depends on its cleavage capacity, mediated by a specific aspartic protease motif present in its primary sequence. A single amino acid mutation in this motif abolishes MPCPsV cleavage, alters the subcellular localization of the protein, and negatively affects its activity in facilitating virus movement. The amino-terminal 34-kDa cleavage product (34KCPsV), but not the 20-kDa fragment (20KCPsV), supports virus movement. Moreover, similar to tubule-forming MPs of other viruses, MPCPsV (and also the 34KCPsV cleavage product) can homooligomerize, interact with PD-located protein 1 (PDLP1), and assemble tubule-like structures at PD by a mechanism dependent on the secretory pathway. 20KCPsV retains the protease activity and is able to cleave a cleavage-deficient MPCPsV in trans Altogether, these results demonstrate that CPsV movement depends on the autolytic cleavage of MPCPsV by an aspartic protease activity, which removes the 20KCPsV protease and thereby releases the 34KCPsV protein for PDLP1-dependent tubule formation at PD.IMPORTANCE Infection by citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) involves a self-cleaving aspartic protease activity within the viral movement protein (MP), which results in the production of two peptides, termed 34KCPsV and 20KCPsV, that carry the MP and viral protease activities, respectively. The underlying protease motif within the MP is also found in the MPs of other members of the Aspiviridae family, suggesting that protease-mediated protein processing represents a conserved mechanism of protein expression in this virus family. The results also demonstrate that CPsV and potentially other ophioviruses move by a tubule-guided mechanism. Although several viruses from different genera were shown to use this mechanism for cell-to-cell movement, our results also demonstrate that this mechanism is controlled by posttranslational protein cleavage. Moreover, given that tubule formation and virus movement could be inhibited by a mutation in the protease motif, targeting the protease activity for inactivation could represent an important approach for ophiovirus control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Robles Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo José Peña
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Belén Borniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, Strasbourg, France
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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16
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Abstract
Plant vacuoles are multifunctional organelles. On the one hand, most vegetative tissues develop lytic vacuoles that have a role in degradation. On the other hand, seed cells have two types of storage vacuoles: protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in endosperm and embryonic cells and metabolite storage vacuoles in seed coats. Vacuolar proteins and metabolites are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum and then transported to the vacuoles via Golgi-dependent and Golgi-independent pathways. Proprotein precursors delivered to the vacuoles are converted into their respective mature forms by vacuolar processing enzyme, which also regulates various kinds of programmed cell death in plants. We summarize two types of vacuolar membrane dynamics that occur during defense responses: vacuolar membrane collapse to attack viral pathogens and fusion of vacuolar and plasma membranes to attack bacterial pathogens. We also describe the chemical defense against herbivores brought about by the presence of PSVs in the idioblast myrosin cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
| | - Junpei Takagi
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Makoto Shirakawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
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17
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Aboulela M, Nakagawa T, Oshima A, Nishimura K, Tanaka Y. The Arabidopsis COPII components, AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D, are essential for pollen wall development and exine patterning. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1615-1633. [PMID: 29390074 PMCID: PMC5889017 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The specialized multilayered pollen wall plays multiple roles to ensure normal microspore development. The major components of the pollen wall (e.g. sporopollenin and lipidic precursors) are provided from the tapetum. Material export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes seven homologs of SEC23, a COPII component. However, the functional importance of this diversity remains elusive. Here, we analyzed knockout and knockdown lines for AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D, two of the A. thaliana SEC23 homologs, respectively. Single atsec23a and atsec23d mutant plants, despite normal fertility, showed an impaired exine pattern. Double atsec23ad mutant plants were semi-sterile and exhibited developmental defects in pollen and tapetal cells. Pollen grains of atsec23ad had defective exine and intine, and showed signs of cell degeneration. Moreover, the development of tapetal cells was altered, with structural abnormalities in organelles. AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D exhibited the characteristic localization pattern of COPII proteins and were highly expressed in the tapetum. Our work suggests that AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D may organize pollen wall development and exine patterning by regulating ER export of lipids and proteins necessary for pollen wall formation. Also, our results shed light on the functional heterogeneity of SEC23 homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Aboulela
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akinobu Oshima
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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18
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Tanabashi S, Shoda K, Saito C, Sakamoto T, Kurata T, Uemura T, Nakano A. A Missense Mutation in the NSF Gene Causes Abnormal Golgi Morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell Struct Funct 2018; 43:41-51. [PMID: 29398689 DOI: 10.1247/csf.17026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a key station of glycosylation and membrane traffic. It consists of stacked cisternae in most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms how the Golgi stacks are formed and maintained are still obscure. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana provides a nice system to observe Golgi structures by light microscopy, because the Golgi in A. thaliana is in the form of mini-stacks that are distributed throughout the cytoplasm. To obtain a clue to understand the molecular basis of Golgi morphology, we took a forward-genetic approach to isolate A. thaliana mutants that show abnormal structures of the Golgi under a confocal microscope. In the present report, we describe characterization of one of such mutants, named #46-3. The #46-3 mutant showed pleiotropic Golgi phenotypes. The Golgi size was in majority smaller than the wild type, but varied from very small ones, sometimes without clear association of cis and trans cisternae, to abnormally large ones under a confocal microscope. At the ultrastructual level by electron microscopy, queer-shaped large Golgi stacks were occasionally observed. By positional mapping, genome sequencing, and complementation and allelism tests, we linked the mutant phenotype to the missense mutation D374N in the NSF gene, encoding the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), a key component of membrane fusion. This residue is near the ATP-binding site of NSF, which is very well conserved in eukaryotes, suggesting that the biochemical function of NSF is important for maintaining the normal morphology of the Golgi.Key words: Golgi morphology, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Tanabashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Keiko Shoda
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute
| | - Chieko Saito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Tetsuya Kurata
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo.,Live Cell Super-Resolution Live Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics
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19
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Ito Y, Uemura T, Nakano A. The Golgi entry core compartment functions as a COPII-independent scaffold for ER-to-Golgi transport in plant cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.203893. [PMID: 28839076 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many questions remain about how the stacked structure of the Golgi is formed and maintained. In our previous study, we challenged this question using tobacco BY-2 cells and revealed that, upon Brefeldin A (BFA) treatment, previously undescribed small punctate structures containing a particular subset of cis-Golgi proteins are formed adjacent to the ER-exit sites and act as scaffolds for Golgi regeneration after BFA removal. In this study, we analyzed these structures further. The proteins that localize to these punctate structures originate from the cis-most cisternae. 3D time-lapse observations show that the trans-Golgi marker is transported through these structures during Golgi regeneration. These data indicate that the cis-most cisternae have a specialized region that receives cargo from the ER, which becomes obvious upon BFA treatment. Expression of a dominant mutant form of SAR1 does not affect the formation of the punctate structures. We propose to call these punctate structures the 'Golgi entry core compartment' (GECCO). They act as receivers for the rest of the Golgi materials and are formed independently of the COPII machinery.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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20
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Chung KP, Zeng Y, Li Y, Ji C, Xia Y, Jiang L. Signal motif-dependent ER export of the Qc-SNARE BET12 interacts with MEMB12 and affects PR1 trafficking in Arabidopsis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.202838. [PMID: 28546447 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are well-known for their role in controlling membrane fusion, the final, but crucial step, in vesicular transport in eukaryotes. SNARE proteins contribute to various biological processes including pathogen defense and channel activity regulation, as well as plant growth and development. Precise targeting of SNARE proteins to destined compartments is a prerequisite for their proper functioning. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for SNARE targeting in plants remains obscure. Here, we investigate the targeting mechanism of the Arabidopsis thaliana Qc-SNARE BET12, which is involved in protein trafficking in the early secretory pathway. Two distinct signal motifs that are required for efficient BET12 ER export were identified. Pulldown assays and in vivo imaging implicated that both the COPI and COPII pathways were required for BET12 targeting. Further studies using an ER-export-defective form of BET12 revealed that the Golgi-localized Qb-SNARE MEMB12, a negative regulator of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1; At2g14610) secretion, was its interacting partner. Ectopic expression of BET12 caused no inhibition in the general ER-Golgi anterograde transport but caused intracellular accumulation of PR1, suggesting that BET12 has a regulatory role in PR1 trafficking in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Pan Chung
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changyang Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China .,The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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21
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Wang X, Chung KP, Lin W, Jiang L. Protein secretion in plants: conventional and unconventional pathways and new techniques. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 69:21-37. [PMID: 28992209 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein secretion is an essential process in all eukaryotic cells and its mechanisms have been extensively studied. Proteins with an N-terminal leading sequence or transmembrane domain are delivered through the conventional protein secretion (CPS) pathway from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. This feature is conserved in yeast, animals, and plants. In contrast, the transport of leaderless secretory proteins (LSPs) from the cytosol to the cell exterior is accomplished via the unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathway. So far, the CPS pathway has been well characterized in plants, with several recent studies providing new information about the regulatory mechanisms involved. On the other hand, studies on UPS pathways in plants remain descriptive, although a connection between UPS and the plant defense response is becoming more and more apparent. In this review, we present an update on CPS and UPS. With the emergence of new techniques, a more comprehensive understanding of protein secretion in plants can be expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Kin Pan Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Weili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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22
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Kwaaitaal M, Nielsen ME, Böhlenius H, Thordal-Christensen H. The plant membrane surrounding powdery mildew haustoria shares properties with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5731-5743. [PMID: 29237056 PMCID: PMC5854130 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many filamentous plant pathogens place specialized feeding structures, called haustoria, inside living host cells. As haustoria grow, they are believed to manipulate plant cells to generate a specialized, still enigmatic extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) around them. Here, we focused on revealing properties of the EHM. With the help of membrane-specific dyes and transient expression of membrane-associated proteins fused to fluorescent tags, we studied the nature of the EHM generated by barley leaf epidermal cells around powdery mildew haustoria. Observations suggesting that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-specific dyes labelled the EHM led us to find that Sar1 and RabD2a GTPases bind this membrane. These proteins are usually associated with the ER and the ER/cis-Golgi membrane, respectively. In contrast, transmembrane and luminal ER and Golgi markers failed to label the EHM, suggesting that it is not a continuum of the ER. Furthermore, GDP-locked Sar1 and a nucleotide-free RabD2a, which block ER to Golgi exit, did not hamper haustorium formation. These results indicated that the EHM shares features with the plant ER membrane, but that the EHM membrane is not dependent on conventional secretion. This raises the prospect that an unconventional secretory pathway from the ER may provide this membrane's material. Understanding these processes will assist future approaches to providing resistance by preventing EHM generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kwaaitaal
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Eggert Nielsen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Böhlenius
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Thordal-Christensen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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23
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Identifying Novel Regulators of Vacuolar Trafficking by Combining Fluorescence Imaging-Based Forward Genetic Screening and In Vitro Pollen Germination. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28861829 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7262-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Subcellular targeting of vacuolar proteins depends on cellular machinery regulating vesicular trafficking. Plant-specific vacuolar trafficking routes have been reported. However, regulators mediating these processes are obscure. By combining a fluorescence imaging-based forward genetic approach and in vitro pollen germination system, we show an efficient protocol of identifying regulators of plant-specific vacuolar trafficking routes.
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24
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Brandizzi F. Transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in plants: Where are we now? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:94-105. [PMID: 28688928 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The biogenesis of about one third of the cellular proteome is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which exports proteins to the Golgi apparatus for sorting to their final destination. Notwithstanding the close proximity of the ER with other secretory membranes (e.g., endosomes, plasma membrane), the ER is also important for the homeostasis of non-secretory organelles such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and chloroplasts. While how the plant ER interacts with most of the non-secretory membranes is largely unknown, the knowledge on the mechanisms for ER-to-Golgi transport is relatively more advanced. Indeed, over the last fifteen years or so, a large number of exciting results have contributed to draw parallels with non-plant species but also to highlight the complexity of the plant ER-Golgi interface, which bears unique features. This review reports and discusses results on plant ER-to-Golgi traffic, focusing mainly on research on COPII-mediated transport in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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25
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Ueda M, Egoshi S, Dodo K, Ishimaru Y, Yamakoshi H, Nakano T, Takaoka Y, Tsukiji S, Sodeoka M. Noncanonical Function of a Small-Molecular Virulence Factor Coronatine against Plant Immunity: An In Vivo Raman Imaging Approach. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:462-472. [PMID: 28573209 PMCID: PMC5445528 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronatine (1), a small-molecular virulence factor produced by plant-pathogenic bacteria, promotes bacterial infection by inducing the opening of stomatal pores, the major route of bacterial entry into the plant, via the jasmonate-mediated COI1-JAZ signaling pathway. However, this pathway is also important for multiple plant functions, including defense against wounding by herbivorous insects. Thus, suppression of the COI1-JAZ signaling pathway to block bacterial infection would concomitantly impair plant defense against herbivorous wounding. Here, we report additional, COI1-JAZ-independent, action of 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells. First, we found that a stereoisomer of 1 regulates the movement of Arabidopsis guard cells without affecting COI1-JAZ signaling. Second, we found using alkyne-tagged Raman imaging (ATRI) that 1 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of living guard cells of Arabidopsis. The use of arc6 mutant lacking chloroplast formation was pivotal to circumvent the issue of autofluorescence during ATRI. These findings indicate that 1 has an ER-related action on Arabidopsis stomata that bypasses the COI1-JAZ signaling module. It may be possible to suppress the action of 1 on stomata without impairing plant defense responses against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ueda
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- E-mail: . Tel and fax: +81-22-795-6553
| | - Syusuke Egoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- AMED-CREST,
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takaoka
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsukiji
- Frontier
Research Institute for Materials Science (FRIMS), Department of Life
Science and Applied Chemistry, Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- AMED-CREST,
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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26
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Chung KP, Zeng Y, Jiang L. COPII Paralogs in Plants: Functional Redundancy or Diversity? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:758-769. [PMID: 27317568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the best-described mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles, which comprise five conserved cytosolic components [secretion-associated, Ras-related protein 1 (Sar1), Sec23-24, and Sec13-31]. In higher organisms, multiple paralogs of COPII components are created due to gene duplication. However, the functional diversity of plant COPII subunit isoforms remains largely elusive. Here we summarize and discuss the latest findings derived from studies of various arabidopsis COPII subunit isoforms and their functional diversity. We also put forward testable hypotheses on distinct populations of COPII vesicles performing unique functions in ER export in developmental and stress-related pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Pan Chung
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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27
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Auxin-dependent compositional change in Mediator in ARF7- and ARF19-mediated transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6562-7. [PMID: 27217573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600739113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator is a multiprotein complex that integrates the signals from transcription factors binding to the promoter and transmits them to achieve gene transcription. The subunits of Mediator complex reside in four modules: the head, middle, tail, and dissociable CDK8 kinase module (CKM). The head, middle, and tail modules form the core Mediator complex, and the association of CKM can modify the function of Mediator in transcription. Here, we show genetic and biochemical evidence that CKM-associated Mediator transmits auxin-dependent transcriptional repression in lateral root (LR) formation. The AUXIN/INDOLE 3-ACETIC ACID 14 (Aux/IAA14) transcriptional repressor inhibits the transcriptional activity of its binding partners AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7) and ARF19 by making a complex with the CKM-associated Mediator. In addition, TOPLESS (TPL), a transcriptional corepressor, forms a bridge between IAA14 and the CKM component MED13 through the physical interaction. ChIP assays show that auxin induces the dissociation of MED13 but not the tail module component MED25 from the ARF7 binding region upstream of its target gene. These findings indicate that auxin-induced degradation of IAA14 changes the module composition of Mediator interacting with ARF7 and ARF19 in the upstream region of their target genes involved in LR formation. We suggest that this regulation leads to a quick switch of signal transmission from ARFs to target gene expression in response to auxin.
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28
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Wan S, Jiang L. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:753-764. [PMID: 26060134 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Being a major factory for protein synthesis, assembly, and export, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a precise and robust ER quality control (ERQC) system monitoring its product line. However, when organisms are subjected to environmental stress, whether biotic or abiotic, the levels of misfolded proteins may overwhelm the ERQC system, tilting the balance between the capacity of and demand for ER quality control and resulting in a scenario termed ER stress. Intense or prolonged ER stress may cause damage to the ER as well as to other organelles, or even lead to cell death in extreme cases. To avoid such serious consequences, cells activate self-rescue programs to restore protein homeostasis in the ER, either through the enhancement of protein-folding and degradation competence or by alleviating the demands for such reactions. These are collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Long investigated in mammalian cells and yeasts, the UPR is also of great interest to plant scientists. Among the three branches of UPR discovered in mammals, two have been studied in plants with plant homologs existing of the ER-membrane-associated activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of these two types of UPR in plants, as well as the consequences of insufficient UPR, with a focus on experiments using model plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucen Wan
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Kim SJ, Brandizzi F. The plant secretory pathway for the trafficking of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Glycobiology 2016; 26:940-949. [PMID: 27072815 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant endomembranes are required for the biosynthesis and secretion of complex cell wall matrix polysaccharides, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. To define the biochemical roadmap that guides the synthesis and deposition of these cell wall components it is first necessary to outline the localization of the biosynthetic and modifying enzymes involved, as well as the distribution of the intermediate and final constituents of the cell wall. Thus far, a comprehensive understanding of cell wall matrix components has been hampered by the multiplicity of trafficking routes in the secretory pathway, and the diverse biosynthetic roles of the endomembrane organelles, which may exhibit tissue and development specific features. However, the recent identification of protein complexes producing matrix polysaccharides, and those supporting the synthesis and distribution of a grass-specific hemicellulose are advancing our understanding of the functional contribution of the plant secretory pathway in cell wall biosynthesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the plant membrane trafficking routes and report on recent exciting accomplishments in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying secretion with focus on cell wall synthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jin Kim
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University-DOE Plant Research Laboratory
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University-DOE Plant Research Laboratory Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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30
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de Marcos Lousa C, Soubeyrand E, Bolognese P, Wattelet-Boyer V, Bouyssou G, Marais C, Boutté Y, Filippini F, Moreau P. Subcellular localization and trafficking of phytolongins (non-SNARE longins) in the plant secretory pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2627-2639. [PMID: 26962210 PMCID: PMC4861013 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
SNARE proteins are central elements of the machinery involved in membrane fusion of eukaryotic cells. In animals and plants, SNAREs have diversified to sustain a variety of specific functions. In animals, R-SNARE proteins called brevins have diversified; in contrast, in plants, the R-SNARE proteins named longins have diversified. Recently, a new subfamily of four longins named 'phytolongins' (Phyl) was discovered. One intriguing aspect of Phyl proteins is the lack of the typical SNARE motif, which is replaced by another domain termed the 'Phyl domain'. Phytolongins have a rather ubiquitous tissue expression in Arabidopsis but still await intracellular characterization. In this study, we found that the four phytolongins are distributed along the secretory pathway. While Phyl2.1 and Phyl2.2 are strictly located at the endoplasmic reticulum network, Phyl1.2 associates with the Golgi bodies, and Phyl1.1 locates mainly at the plasma membrane and partially in the Golgi bodies and post-Golgi compartments. Our results show that export of Phyl1.1 from the endoplasmic reticulum depends on the GTPase Sar1, the Sar1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sec12, and the SNAREs Sec22 and Memb11. In addition, we have identified the Y48F49 motif as being critical for the exit of Phyl1.1 from the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results provide the first characterization of the subcellular localization of the phytolongins, and we discuss their potential role in regulating the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine de Marcos Lousa
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Faculty of Clinical and Applied Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building 611, Leeds Beckett University City Campus, LS1 3HE, Leeds, UK
| | - Eric Soubeyrand
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paolo Bolognese
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerie Wattelet-Boyer
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Guillaume Bouyssou
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Claireline Marais
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Francesco Filippini
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrick Moreau
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US004 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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Shiraya T, Mori T, Maruyama T, Sasaki M, Takamatsu T, Oikawa K, Itoh K, Kaneko K, Ichikawa H, Mitsui T. Golgi/plastid-type manganese superoxide dismutase involved in heat-stress tolerance during grain filling of rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1251-63. [PMID: 25586098 PMCID: PMC6680209 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is widely assumed to play a role in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species caused by environmental stresses. We found a characteristic expression of manganese SOD 1 (MSD1) in a heat-stress-tolerant cultivar of rice (Oryza sativa). The deduced amino acid sequence contains a signal sequence and an N-glycosylation site. Confocal imaging analysis of rice and onion cells transiently expressing MSD1-YFP showed MSD1-YFP in the Golgi apparatus and plastids, indicating that MSD1 is a unique Golgi/plastid-type SOD. To evaluate the involvement of MSD1 in heat-stress tolerance, we generated transgenic rice plants with either constitutive high expression or suppression of MSD1. The grain quality of rice with constitutive high expression of MSD1 grown at 33/28 °C, 12/12 h, was significantly better than that of the wild type. In contrast, MSD1-knock-down rice was markedly susceptible to heat stress. Quantitative shotgun proteomic analysis indicated that the overexpression of MSD1 up-regulated reactive oxygen scavenging, chaperone and quality control systems in rice grains under heat stress. We propose that the Golgi/plastid MSD1 plays an important role in adaptation to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shiraya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taiki Mori
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maruyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazusato Oikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kimiko Itoh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kaneko
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichikawa
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Unique COPII component AtSar1a/AtSec23a pair is required for the distinct function of protein ER export in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14360-5. [PMID: 26578783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519333112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins traffic from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi via the coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicle, which consists of five cytosolic components (Sar1, Sec23-24, and Sec13-31). In eukaryotes, COPII transport has diversified due to gene duplication, creating multiple COPII paralogs. Evidence has accumulated, revealing the functional heterogeneity of COPII paralogs in protein ER export. Sar1B, the small GTPase of COPII machinery, seems to be specialized for large cargo secretion in mammals. Arabidopsis contains five Sar1 and seven Sec23 homologs, and AtSar1a was previously shown to exhibit different effects on α-amylase secretion. However, mechanisms underlying the functional diversity of Sar1 paralogs remain unclear in higher organisms. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis Sar1 homolog AtSar1a exhibits distinct localization in plant cells. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing dominant-negative AtSar1a exhibit distinct effects on ER cargo export. Mutagenesis analysis identified a single amino acid, Cys84, as being responsible for the functional diversity of AtSar1a. Structure homology modeling and interaction studies revealed that Cys84 is crucial for the specific interaction of AtSar1a with AtSec23a, a distinct Arabidopsis Sec23 homolog. Structure modeling and coimmunoprecipitation further identified a corresponding amino acid, Cys484, on AtSec23a as being essential for the specific pair formation. At the cellular level, the Cys484 mutation affects the distinct function of AtSec23a on vacuolar cargo trafficking. Additionally, dominant-negative AtSar1a affects the ER export of the transcription factor bZIP28 under ER stress. We have demonstrated a unique plant pair of COPII machinery function in ER export and the mechanism underlying the functional diversity of COPII paralogs in eukaryotes.
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Maruyama D, Völz R, Takeuchi H, Mori T, Igawa T, Kurihara D, Kawashima T, Ueda M, Ito M, Umeda M, Nishikawa SI, Groß-Hardt R, Higashiyama T. Rapid Elimination of the Persistent Synergid through a Cell Fusion Mechanism. Cell 2015; 161:907-18. [PMID: 25913191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In flowering plants, fertilization-dependent degeneration of the persistent synergid cell ensures one-on-one pairings of male and female gametes. Here, we report that the fusion of the persistent synergid cell and the endosperm selectively inactivates the persistent synergid cell in Arabidopsis thaliana. The synergid-endosperm fusion causes rapid dilution of pre-secreted pollen tube attractant in the persistent synergid cell and selective disorganization of the synergid nucleus during the endosperm proliferation, preventing attractions of excess number of pollen tubes (polytubey). The synergid-endosperm fusion is induced by fertilization of the central cell, while the egg cell fertilization predominantly activates ethylene signaling, an inducer of the synergid nuclear disorganization. Therefore, two female gametes (the egg and the central cell) control independent pathways yet coordinately accomplish the elimination of the persistent synergid cell by double fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Maruyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
| | - Ronny Völz
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hidenori Takeuchi
- JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mori
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
| | - Tomoko Igawa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo-City, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Gregor Mendel Institute, Dr-BohrGasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Minako Ueda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; JST, CREST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shuh-Ichi Nishikawa
- Department of Life and Food Science, Graduate School of Science, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Rita Groß-Hardt
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2 28359, Germany
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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Djami-Tchatchou AT, Maake MP, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Isonitrosoacetophenone drives transcriptional reprogramming in Nicotiana tabacum cells in support of innate immunity and defense. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117377. [PMID: 25658943 PMCID: PMC4319752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to various stress stimuli by activating broad-spectrum defense responses both locally as well as systemically. As such, identification of expressed genes represents an important step towards understanding inducible defense responses and assists in designing appropriate intervention strategies for disease management. Genes differentially expressed in tobacco cell suspensions following elicitation with isonitrosoacetophenone (INAP) were identified using mRNA differential display and pyro-sequencing. Sequencing data produced 14579 reads, which resulted in 198 contigs and 1758 singletons. Following BLAST analyses, several inducible plant defense genes of interest were identified and classified into functional categories including signal transduction, transcription activation, transcription and protein synthesis, protein degradation and ubiquitination, stress-responsive, defense-related, metabolism and energy, regulation, transportation, cytoskeleton and cell wall-related. Quantitative PCR was used to investigate the expression of 17 selected target genes within these categories. Results indicate that INAP has a sensitising or priming effect through activation of salicylic acid-, jasmonic acid- and ethylene pathways that result in an altered transcriptome, with the expression of genes involved in perception of pathogens and associated cellular re-programming in support of defense. Furthermore, infection assays with the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci confirmed the establishment of a functional anti-microbial environment in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mmapula P Maake
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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Geng C, Cong QQ, Li XD, Mou AL, Gao R, Liu JL, Tian YP. DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED PLASMA MEMBRANE PROTEIN of Nicotiana benthamiana contributes to potyvirus movement and transports to plasmodesmata via the early secretory pathway and the actomyosin system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:394-410. [PMID: 25540331 PMCID: PMC4326756 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.252734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The intercellular movement of plant viruses requires both viral and host proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that the frame-shift protein P3N-PIPO (for the protein encoded by the open reading frame [ORF] containing 5'-terminus of P3 and a +2 frame-shift ORF called Pretty Interesting Potyviridae ORF and embedded in the P3) and CYLINDRICAL INCLUSION (CI) proteins were required for potyvirus cell-to-cell movement. Here, we provide genetic evidence showing that a Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV; genus Potyvirus) mutant carrying a truncated PIPO domain of 58 amino acid residues could move between cells and induce systemic infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants; mutants carrying a PIPO domain of seven, 20, or 43 amino acid residues failed to move between cells and cause systemic infection in this host plant. Interestingly, the movement-defective mutants produced progeny that eliminated the previously introduced stop codons and thus restored their systemic movement ability. We also present evidence showing that a developmentally regulated plasma membrane protein of N. benthamiana (referred to as NbDREPP) interacted with both P3N-PIPO and CI of the movement-competent TVBMV. The knockdown of NbDREPP gene expression in N. benthamiana impeded the cell-to-cell movement of TVBMV. NbDREPP was shown to colocalize with TVBMV P3N-PIPO and CI at plasmodesmata (PD) and traffic to PD via the early secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system. We also show that myosin XI-2 is specially required for transporting NbDREPP to PD. In conclusion, NbDREPP is a key host protein within the early secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system that interacts with two movement proteins and influences virus movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Geng
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection (C.G., Q.-Q.C., X.-D.L., A.-L.M., R.G., J.-L.L., Y.-P.T.), and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Annually High Yield and High Efficiency Production of Wheat and Corn (C.G., X.-D.L.), Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; andCollege of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China (J.-L.L.)
| | - Qian-Qian Cong
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection (C.G., Q.-Q.C., X.-D.L., A.-L.M., R.G., J.-L.L., Y.-P.T.), and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Annually High Yield and High Efficiency Production of Wheat and Corn (C.G., X.-D.L.), Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; andCollege of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China (J.-L.L.)
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection (C.G., Q.-Q.C., X.-D.L., A.-L.M., R.G., J.-L.L., Y.-P.T.), and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Annually High Yield and High Efficiency Production of Wheat and Corn (C.G., X.-D.L.), Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; andCollege of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China (J.-L.L.)
| | - An-Li Mou
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection (C.G., Q.-Q.C., X.-D.L., A.-L.M., R.G., J.-L.L., Y.-P.T.), and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Annually High Yield and High Efficiency Production of Wheat and Corn (C.G., X.-D.L.), Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; andCollege of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China (J.-L.L.)
| | - Rui Gao
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection (C.G., Q.-Q.C., X.-D.L., A.-L.M., R.G., J.-L.L., Y.-P.T.), and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Annually High Yield and High Efficiency Production of Wheat and Corn (C.G., X.-D.L.), Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; andCollege of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China (J.-L.L.)
| | - Jin-Liang Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection (C.G., Q.-Q.C., X.-D.L., A.-L.M., R.G., J.-L.L., Y.-P.T.), and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Annually High Yield and High Efficiency Production of Wheat and Corn (C.G., X.-D.L.), Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; andCollege of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China (J.-L.L.)
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection (C.G., Q.-Q.C., X.-D.L., A.-L.M., R.G., J.-L.L., Y.-P.T.), and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Annually High Yield and High Efficiency Production of Wheat and Corn (C.G., X.-D.L.), Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; andCollege of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China (J.-L.L.)
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Akamatsu A, Uno K, Kato M, Wong HL, Shimamoto K, Kawano Y. New insights into the dimerization of small GTPase Rac/ROP guanine nucleotide exchange factors in rice. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1044702. [PMID: 26251883 PMCID: PMC4622004 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1044702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular links between receptor-kinases and Rac/ROP family small GTPases mediated by activator guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) govern diverse biological processes. However, it is unclear how the Rac/ROP GTPases orchestrate such a wide variety of activities. Here, we show that rice OsRacGEF1 forms homodimers, and heterodimers with OsRacGEF2, at the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). OsRacGEF2 does not bind directly to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) OsCERK1, but forms a complex with OsCERK1 through OsRacGEF1 at the ER. This complex is transported from ER to the PM and there associates with OsRac1, resulting in the formation of a stable immune complex. Such RLK-GEF heterodimer complexes may explain the diversity of Rac/ROP family GTPase signalings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Akamatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics; Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; Ikoma, Japan
- Cell and Developmental Biology; John Innes Center; Norwich, United Kingdom
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Kazumi Uno
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics; Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; Ikoma, Japan
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Midori Kato
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics; Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hann Ling Wong
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics; Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; Ikoma, Japan
- Deptartment of Biological Science; University Tunku Abdul Rahman Jalan Universiti; Bandar Barat Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics; Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics; Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; Ikoma, Japan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology; Shanghai, PR China
- Correspondence to: Yoji Kawano;
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Hamada T, Ueda H, Kawase T, Hara-Nishimura I. Microtubules contribute to tubule elongation and anchoring of endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in high network complexity in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1869-76. [PMID: 25367857 PMCID: PMC4256883 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.252320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of tubules and sheet-like structures in eukaryotic cells. Some ER tubules dynamically change their morphology, and others form stable structures. In plants, it has been thought that the ER tubule extension is driven by the actin-myosin machinery. Here, we show that microtubules also contribute to the ER tubule extension with an almost 20-fold slower rate than the actin filament-based ER extension. Treatment with the actin-depolymerizing drug Latrunculin B made it possible to visualize the slow extension of the ER tubules in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing ER-targeted green fluorescent protein. The ER tubules elongated along microtubules in both directions of microtubules, which have a distinct polarity. This feature is similar to the kinesin- or dynein-driven ER tubule extension in animal cells. In contrast to the animal case, ER tubules elongating with the growing microtubule ends were not observed in Arabidopsis. We also found the spots where microtubules are stably colocalized with the ER subdomains during long observations of 1,040 s, suggesting that cortical microtubules contribute to provide ER anchoring points. The anchoring points acted as the branching points of the ER tubules, resulting in the formation of multiway junctions. The density of the ER tubule junction positively correlated with the microtubule density in both elongating cells and mature cells of leaf epidermis, showing the requirement of microtubules for formation of the complex ER network. Taken together, our findings show that plants use microtubules for ER anchoring and ER tubule extension, which establish fine network structures of the ER within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hamada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Haruko Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawase
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Ito Y, Uemura T, Nakano A. Formation and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:221-87. [PMID: 24725428 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking, protein and lipid modification, and polysaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It is well known for its unique stacked structure, which is conserved among most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms of biogenesis and maintenance of the structure, which are deeply related to ER-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport systems, have long been mysterious. Now having extremely powerful microscopic technologies developed for live-cell imaging, the plant Golgi apparatus provides an ideal system to resolve the question. The plant Golgi apparatus has unique features that are not conserved in other kingdoms, which will also give new insights into the Golgi functions in plant life. In this review, we will summarize the features of the plant Golgi apparatus and transport mechanisms around it, with a focus on recent advances in Golgi biogenesis by live imaging of plants cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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39
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Yamada H, Koizumi N, Nakamichi N, Kiba T, Yamashino T, Mizuno T. Rapid Response ofArabidopsisT87 Cultured Cells to Cytokinin through His-to-Asp Phosphorelay Signal Transduction. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 68:1966-76. [PMID: 15388974 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
According to the current consistent model for the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the scheme for an immediate early response to the plant hormone cytokinin can be formulated as Arabidopsis histidine kinase (AHK) cytokinin receptor-mediated His --> Asp phosphorelay signal transduction. Nonetheless, clarification of the comprehensive picture of cytokinin-mediated signal transduction in this higher plant is at a very early stage. As a new approach to this end, we studied whether or not a certain Arabidopsis cell line (named T87) would be versatile for such work on cytokinin signal transduction. We show that T87 cells had the ability to respond to cytokinin, displaying the immediate early induction of type-A Arabidopsis response regulator (ARR) family genes (e.g., ARR6) at the transcriptional level. This event was further confirmed by employing the stable transgenic lines of T87 cells with a set of ARR::LUC reporter transgenes. We also show that T87 cells had the ability to respond to auxin when the expression of a set of AUX/IAA genes (e.g., IAA5) was examined. As postulated for intact plants, in T87 cells too, the induction of IAA5 by auxin was selectively inhibited in the presence of a proteasome inhibitor, while the induction of ARR6 by cytokinin was not significantly affected under the same conditions. Through transient expression assays with T87 protoplasts, it is shown that the intracellular localization profiles of the phosphorelay intermediate Arabidopsis histidine-containing phosphotransfer factor (AHPs; e.g., AHP1 and AHP4) were markedly affected in response to cytokinin, but those of type-A ARRs were not (e.g., ARR15 and ARR16). Taken together, we conclude that, in T87 cells, the AHK-dependent His --> Asp phosphorelay circuitry appears to be propagated in response to cytokinin, as in the case of plants, as far as the immediate early responses were concerned. This cultured cell system might therefore provide us with an alternative means to further characterize the mechanisms underlying cytokinin (and also auxin) responses at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisami Yamada
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Japan
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Akamatsu A, Wong HL, Fujiwara M, Okuda J, Nishide K, Uno K, Imai K, Umemura K, Kawasaki T, Kawano Y, Shimamoto K. An OsCEBiP/OsCERK1-OsRacGEF1-OsRac1 module is an essential early component of chitin-induced rice immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 13:465-76. [PMID: 23601108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OsCEBiP, a chitin-binding protein, and OsCERK1, a receptor-like kinase, are plasma membrane (PM) proteins that form a receptor complex essential for fungal chitin-driven immune responses in rice. The signaling events immediately following chitin perception are unclear. Investigating the spatiotemporal regulation of the rice small GTPase OsRac1, we find that chitin induces rapid activation of OsRac1 at the PM. Searching for OsRac1 interactors, we identified OsRacGEF1 as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for OsRac1. OsRacGEF1 interacts with OsCERK1 and is activated when its C-terminal S549 is phosphorylated by the cytoplasmic domain of OsCERK1 in response to chitin. Activated OsRacGEF1 is required for chitin-driven immune responses and resistance to rice blast fungus infection. Further, a protein complex including OsCERK1 and OsRacGEF1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the PM. Collectively, our results suggest that OsCEBiP, OsCERK1, OsRacGEF1, and OsRac1 function as key components of a "defensome" critically engaged early during chitin-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Akamatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Yao M, Liu X, Li S, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Tao X. Rice stripe tenuivirus NSvc2 glycoproteins targeted to the golgi body by the N-terminal transmembrane domain and adjacent cytosolic 24 amino acids via the COP I- and COP II-dependent secretion pathway. J Virol 2014; 88:3223-34. [PMID: 24390331 PMCID: PMC3957912 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03006-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The NSvc2 glycoproteins encoded by Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV) share many characteristics common to the glycoproteins found among Bunyaviridae. Within this viral family, glycoproteins targeting to the Golgi apparatus play a pivotal role in the maturation of the enveloped spherical particles. RSV particles, however, adopt a long filamentous morphology. Recently, RSV NSvc2 glycoproteins were shown to localize exclusively to the ER in Sf9 insect cells. Here, we demonstrate that the amino-terminal NSvc2 (NSvc2-N) targets to the Golgi apparatus in Nicotiana benthamiana cells, whereas the carboxyl-terminal NSvc2 (NSvc2-C) accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Upon coexpression, NSvc2-N redirects NSvc2-C from the ER to the Golgi bodies. The NSvc2 glycoproteins move together with the Golgi stacks along the ER/actin network. The targeting of the NSvc2 glycoproteins to the Golgi bodies was strictly dependent on functional anterograde traffic out of the ER to the Golgi bodies or on a retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. The analysis of truncated and chimeric NSvc2 proteins demonstrates that the Golgi targeting signal comprises amino acids 269 to 315 of NSvc2-N, encompassing the transmembrane domain and 24 adjacent amino acids in the cytosolic tail. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the glycoproteins from an unenveloped Tenuivirus could target Golgi bodies in plant cells. IMPORTANCE NSvc2 glycoprotein encoded by unenveloped Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV) share many characteristics in common with glycoprotein found among Bunyaviridae in which all members have membrane-enveloped sphere particle. Recently, RSV NSvc2 glycoproteins were shown to localize exclusively to the ER in Sf9 insect cells. In this study, we demonstrated that the RSV glycoproteins could target Golgi bodies in plant cells. The targeting of NSvc2 glycoproteins to the Golgi bodies was dependent on active COP II or COP I. The Golgi targeting signal was mapped to the 23-amino-acid transmembrane domain and the adjacent 24 amino acids of the cytosolic tail of the NSvc2-N. In light of the evidence from viruses in Bunyaviridae that targeting Golgi bodies is important for the viral particle assembly and vector transmission, we propose that targeting of RSV glycoproteins into Golgi bodies in plant cells represents a physiologically relevant mechanism in the maturation of RSV particle complex for insect vector transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Key Laboratory for the Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Key Laboratory for the Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Gershlick DC, de Marcos Lousa C, Foresti O, Lee AJ, Pereira EA, daSilva LL, Bottanelli F, Denecke J. Golgi-dependent transport of vacuolar sorting receptors is regulated by COPII, AP1, and AP4 protein complexes in tobacco. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1308-29. [PMID: 24642936 PMCID: PMC4001386 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.122226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cycling of vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) between early and late secretory pathway compartments is regulated by signals in the cytosolic tail, but the exact pathway is controversial. Here, we show that receptor targeting in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) initially involves a canonical coat protein complex II-dependent endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi bulk flow route and that VSR-ligand interactions in the cis-Golgi play an important role in vacuolar sorting. We also show that a conserved Glu is required but not sufficient for rate-limiting YXX-mediated receptor trafficking. Protein-protein interaction studies show that the VSR tail interacts with the μ-subunits of plant or mammalian clathrin adaptor complex AP1 and plant AP4 but not that of plant and mammalian AP2. Mutants causing a detour of full-length receptors via the cell surface invariantly cause the secretion of VSR ligands. Therefore, we propose that cycling via the plasma membrane is unlikely to play a role in biosynthetic vacuolar sorting under normal physiological conditions and that the conserved Ile-Met motif is mainly used to recover mistargeted receptors. This occurs via a fundamentally different pathway from the prevacuolar compartment that does not mediate recycling. The role of clathrin and clathrin-independent pathways in vacuolar targeting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Gershlick
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Carine de Marcos Lousa
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew J. Lee
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Jurgen Denecke
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Yorimitsu T, Sato K, Takeuchi M. Molecular mechanisms of Sar/Arf GTPases in vesicular trafficking in yeast and plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:411. [PMID: 25191334 PMCID: PMC4140167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPase proteins play essential roles in the regulation of vesicular trafficking systems in eukaryotic cells. Two types of small GTPases, secretion-associated Ras-related protein (Sar) and ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf), act in the biogenesis of transport vesicles. Sar/Arf GTPases function as molecular switches by cycling between active, GTP-bound and inactive, GDP-bound forms, catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, respectively. Activated Sar/Arf GTPases undergo a conformational change, exposing the N-terminal amphipathic α-helix for insertion into membranes. The process triggers the recruitment and assembly of coat proteins to the membranes, followed by coated vesicle formation and scission. In higher plants, Sar/Arf GTPases also play pivotal roles in maintaining the dynamic identity of organelles in the secretory pathway. Sar1 protein strictly controls anterograde transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the recruitment of plant COPII coat components onto membranes. COPII vesicle transport is responsible for the organization of highly conserved polygonal ER networks. In contrast, Arf proteins contribute to the regulation of multiple trafficking routes, including transport through the Golgi complex and endocytic transport. These transport systems have diversified in the plant kingdom independently and exhibit several plant-specific features with respect to Golgi organization, endocytic cycling, cell polarity and cytokinesis. The functional diversification of vesicular trafficking systems ensures the multicellular development of higher plants. This review focuses on the current knowledge of Sar/Arf GTPases, highlighting the molecular details of GTPase regulation in vesicle formation in yeast and advances in knowledge of the characteristics of vesicle trafficking in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yorimitsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaki Takeuchi, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan e-mail:
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Tanaka Y, Nishimura K, Kawamukai M, Oshima A, Nakagawa T. Redundant function of two Arabidopsis COPII components, AtSec24B and AtSec24C, is essential for male and female gametogenesis. PLANTA 2013; 238:561-75. [PMID: 23779001 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anterograde vesicle transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus is the start of protein transport through the secretory pathway, in which the transport is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles. Therefore, most proteins synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum are loaded as cargo into COPII vesicles. The COPII is composed of the small GTPase Sar1 and two types of protein complexes (Sec23/24 and Sec13/31). Of these five COPII components, Sec24 is thought to recognize cargo that is incorporated into COPII vesicles by directly interacting with the cargo. The Arabidopsis genome encodes three types of Sec24 homologs (AtSec24A, AtSec24B, and AtSec24C). The subcellular dynamics and function of AtSec24A have been characterized. The intracellular distributions and functions of other AtSec24 proteins are not known, and the functional differences among the three AtSec24s remain unclear. Here, we found that all three AtSec24s were expressed in similar parts of the plant body and showed the same subcellular localization pattern. AtSec24B knockout plant, but not AtSec24C knockdown plant, showed mild male sterility with reduction of pollen germination. Significant decrease of AtSec24B and AtSec24C expression affected male and female gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results suggested that the redundant function of AtSec24B and AtSec24C is crucial for the development of plant reproductive cells. We propose that the COPII transport is involved in male and female gametogenesis in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Center for Integrated Research in Science, Shimane University, Nishikawatsu 1060, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
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Tian L, Dai LL, Yin ZJ, Fukuda M, Kumamaru T, Dong XB, Xu XP, Qu LQ. Small GTPase Sar1 is crucial for proglutelin and α-globulin export from the endoplasmic reticulum in rice endosperm. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:2831-45. [PMID: 23682119 PMCID: PMC3697955 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice seed storage proteins glutelin and α-globulin are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and deposited in protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). Sar1, a small GTPase, acts as a molecular switch to regulate the assembly of coat protein complex II, which exports secretory protein from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. To reveal the route by which glutelin and α-globulin exit the ER, four putative Sar1 genes (OsSar1a/b/c/d) were cloned from rice, and transgenic rice were generated with Sar1 overexpressed or suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi) specifically in the endosperm under the control of the rice glutelin promoter. Overexpression or suppression of any OsSar1 did not alter the phenotype. However, simultaneous knockdown of OsSar1a/b/c resulted in floury and shrunken seeds, with an increased level of glutelin precursor and decreased level of the mature α- and β-subunit. OsSar1abc RNAi endosperm generated numerous, spherical, novel protein bodies with highly electron-dense matrixes containing both glutelin and α-globulin. Notably, the novel protein bodies were surrounded by ribosomes, showing that they were derived from the ER. Some of the ER-derived dense protein bodies were attached to a blebbing structure containing prolamin. These results indicated that OsSar1a/b/c play a crucial role in storage proteins exiting from the ER, with functional redundancy in rice endosperm, and glutelin and α-globulin transported together from the ER to the Golgi apparatus by a pathway mediated by coat protein complex II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ling Ling Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhi Jie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812–8581, Japan
| | | | - Xiang Bai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiu Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Le Qing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Lee JY, Sarowar S, Kim HS, Kim H, Hwang I, Kim YJ, Pai HS. Silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Neuroblastoma-Amplified Gene causes ER stress and cell death. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:69. [PMID: 23621803 PMCID: PMC3654999 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma Amplified Gene (NAG) was identified as a gene co-amplified with the N-myc gene, whose genomic amplification correlates with poor prognosis of neuroblastoma. Later it was found that NAG is localized in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is a component of the syntaxin 18 complex that is involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport in human cells. Homologous sequences of NAG are found in plant databases, but its function in plant cells remains unknown. RESULTS Nicotiana benthamania Neuroblastoma-Amplified Gene (NbNAG) encodes a protein of 2,409 amino acids that contains the secretory pathway Sec39 domain and is mainly localized in the ER. Silencing of NbNAG by virus-induced gene silencing resulted in growth arrest and acute plant death with morphological markers of programmed cell death (PCD), which include chromatin fragmentation and modification of mitochondrial membrane potential. NbNAG deficiency caused induction of ER stress genes, disruption of the ER network, and relocation of bZIP28 transcription factor from the ER membrane to the nucleus, similar to the phenotypes of tunicamycin-induced ER stress in a plant cell. NbNAG silencing caused defects in intracellular transport of diverse cargo proteins, suggesting that a blocked secretion pathway by NbNAG deficiency causes ER stress and programmed cell death. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NAG, a conserved protein from yeast to mammals, plays an essential role in plant growth and development by modulating protein transport pathway, ER stress response and PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sujon Sarowar
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Hyodo K, Mine A, Taniguchi T, Kaido M, Mise K, Taniguchi H, Okuno T. ADP ribosylation factor 1 plays an essential role in the replication of a plant RNA virus. J Virol 2013; 87:163-76. [PMID: 23097452 PMCID: PMC3536388 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02383-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic positive-strand RNA viruses replicate using the membrane-bound replicase complexes, which contain multiple viral and host components. Virus infection induces the remodeling of intracellular membranes. Virus-induced membrane structures are thought to increase the local concentration of the components that are required for replication and provide a scaffold for tethering the replicase complexes. However, the mechanisms underlying virus-induced membrane remodeling are poorly understood. RNA replication of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), a positive-strand RNA plant virus, is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, and ER morphology is perturbed in RCNMV-infected cells. Here, we identified ADP ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) in the affinity-purified RCNMV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase fraction. Arf1 is a highly conserved, ubiquitous, small GTPase that is implicated in the formation of the coat protein complex I (COPI) vesicles on Golgi membranes. Using in vitro pulldown and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses, we showed that Arf1 interacted with the viral p27 replication protein within the virus-induced large punctate structures of the ER membrane. We found that inhibition of the nucleotide exchange activity of Arf1 using the inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) disrupted the assembly of the viral replicase complex and p27-mediated ER remodeling. We also showed that BFA treatment and the expression of dominant negative Arf1 mutants compromised RCNMV RNA replication in protoplasts. Interestingly, the expression of a dominant negative mutant of Sar1, a key regulator of the biogenesis of COPII vesicles at ER exit sites, also compromised RCNMV RNA replication. These results suggest that the replication of RCNMV depends on the host membrane traffic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Mine
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takako Taniguchi
- Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masanori Kaido
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mise
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Taniguchi
- Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Okuno
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Burén S, Ortega-Villasante C, Otvös K, Samuelsson G, Bakó L, Villarejo A. Use of the foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A peptide co-expression system to study intracellular protein trafficking in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51973. [PMID: 23251667 PMCID: PMC3522588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A tool for stoichiometric co-expression of effector and target proteins to study intracellular protein trafficking processes has been provided by the so called 2A peptide technology. In this system, the 16–20 amino acid 2A peptide from RNA viruses allows synthesis of multiple gene products from single transcripts. However, so far the use of the 2A technology in plant systems has been limited. Methodology/Principal Findings The aim of this work was to assess the suitability of the 2A peptide technology to study the effects exerted by dominant mutant forms of three small GTPase proteins, RABD2a, SAR1, and ARF1 on intracellular protein trafficking in plant cells. Special emphasis was given to CAH1 protein from Arabidopsis, which is trafficking to the chloroplast via a poorly characterized endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi pathway. Dominant negative mutants for these GTPases were co-expressed with fluorescent marker proteins as polyproteins separated by a 20 residue self-cleaving 2A peptide. Cleavage efficiency analysis of the generated polyproteins showed that functionality of the 2A peptide was influenced by several factors. This enabled us to design constructs with greatly increased cleavage efficiency compared to previous studies. The dominant negative GTPase variants resulting from cleavage of these 2A peptide constructs were found to be stable and active, and were successfully used to study the inhibitory effect on trafficking of the N-glycosylated CAH1 protein through the endomembrane system. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrate that the 2A peptide is a suitable tool when studying plant intracellular protein trafficking and that transient protoplast and in planta expression of mutant forms of SAR1 and RABD2a disrupts CAH1 trafficking. Similarly, expression of dominant ARF1 mutants also caused inhibition of CAH1 trafficking to a different extent. These results indicate that early trafficking of the plastid glycoprotein CAH1 depends on canonical vesicular transport mechanisms operating between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Burén
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Ito Y, Uemura T, Shoda K, Fujimoto M, Ueda T, Nakano A. cis-Golgi proteins accumulate near the ER exit sites and act as the scaffold for Golgi regeneration after brefeldin A treatment in tobacco BY-2 cells. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3203-14. [PMID: 22740633 PMCID: PMC3418314 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-01-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus forms stacks of cisternae in many eukaryotic cells. However, little is known about how such a stacked structure is formed and maintained. To address this question, plant cells provide a system suitable for live-imaging approaches because individual Golgi stacks are well separated in the cytoplasm. We established tobacco BY-2 cell lines expressing multiple Golgi markers tagged by different fluorescent proteins and observed their responses to brefeldin A (BFA) treatment and BFA removal. BFA treatment disrupted cis, medial, and trans cisternae but caused distinct relocalization patterns depending on the proteins examined. Medial- and trans-Golgi proteins, as well as one cis-Golgi protein, were absorbed into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but two other cis-Golgi proteins formed small punctate structures. After BFA removal, these puncta coalesced first, and then the Golgi stacks regenerated from them in the cis-to-trans order. We suggest that these structures have a property similar to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and function as the scaffold of Golgi regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Keiko Shoda
- Molecular Membrane Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaru Fujimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Molecular Membrane Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Takáč T, Pechan T, Samajová O, Ovečka M, Richter H, Eck C, Niehaus K, Samaj J. Wortmannin treatment induces changes in Arabidopsis root proteome and post-Golgi compartments. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3127-42. [PMID: 22524784 DOI: 10.1021/pr201111n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wortmannin is a widely used pharmaceutical compound which is employed to define vesicular trafficking routes of particular proteins or cellular compounds. It targets phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases in a dose-dependent manner leading to the inhibition of protein vacuolar sorting and endocytosis. Combined proteomics and cell biological approaches have been used in this study to explore the effects of wortmannin on Arabidopsis root cells, especially on proteome and endomembrane trafficking. On the subcellular level, wortmannin caused clustering, fusion, and swelling of trans-Golgi network (TGN) vesicles and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) leading to the formation of wortmannin-induced multivesicular compartments. Appearance of wortmannin-induced compartments was associated with depletion of TGN as revealed by electron microscopy. On the proteome level, wortmannin induced massive changes in protein abundance profiles. Wortmannin-sensitive proteins belonged to various functional classes. An inhibition of vacuolar trafficking by wortmannin was related to the downregulation of proteins targeted to the vacuole, as showed for vacuolar proteases. A small GTPase, RabA1d, which regulates vesicular trafficking at TGN, was identified as a new protein negatively affected by wortmannin. In addition, Sec14 was upregulated and PLD1 alpha was downregulated by wortmannin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University , Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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