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Martínez-Casales M, Hernanz R, González-Carnicero Z, Barrús MT, Martín A, Briones AM, Michalska P, León R, Pinilla E, Simonsen U, Alonso MJ. The Melatonin Derivative ITH13001 Prevents Hypertension and Cardiovascular Alterations in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:670-687. [PMID: 38129126 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress seem to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. ITH13001 is a melatonin-phenyl-acrylate hybrid that moderately induces the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and has a potent oxidant scavenging effect compared with other derivatives of its family. Here we investigated the effect of ITH13001 on hypertension and the associated cardiovascular alterations. Angiotensin II (AngII)-infused mice were treated with ITH13001 (1 mg/kg per day, i.p.) for 2 weeks. The ITH13001 treatment prevented: 1) the development of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and increased collagen and B-type natriuretic peptide (Bnp) expression in the heart; 2) the reduction of elasticity, incremental distensibility, fenestrae area, intraluminal diameter, and endothelial cell number in mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA); 3) the endothelial dysfunction in aorta and MRA; 4) the plasma and cardiovascular oxidative stress and the reduced aortic nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability; 5) the increased cardiac levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2), the T cell marker cluster of differentiation 3 (Cd3), the inflammasome NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3), the proinflammatory enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2, the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) adapter protein myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65; 6) the greater aortic expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α), Ccl2 and IL-6, Cd3, iNOS, MyD88, and NLRP3. Although ITH13001 increased nuclear Nrf2 levels and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, both cardiac and vascular Nrf2, Ho-1, and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1) levels remained unmodified irrespective of AngII infusion. Summarizing, ITH13001 improved hypertension-associated cardiovascular alterations independently of Nrf2 pathway activation, likely due to its direct antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, ITH13001 could be a useful therapeutic strategy in patients with resistant hypertension. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite the existing therapeutic arsenal, only half of the patients treated for hypertension have adequately controlled blood pressure; therefore, the search for new compounds to control this pathology and the associated damage to end-target organs (cerebral, cardiac, vascular, renal) is of particular interest. The present study demonstrates that a new melatonin derivative, ITH13001, prevents hypertension development and the associated cardiovascular alterations due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making this compound a potential candidate for treatment of resistant hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Casales
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - Zoe González-Carnicero
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - María T Barrús
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - Angela Martín
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - Ana M Briones
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - Patrycja Michalska
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - Rafael León
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - Estefano Pinilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
| | - María J Alonso
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain (M.M.-C., R.H., Z.G.-C, M.T.B., A.M., M.J.A.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (R.H., A.M., A.M.B., M.J.A.); Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (A.M.B.); Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.M.); Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (R.L.); and Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.P., U.S.)
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Meister ML, Najjar RS, Danh JP, Knapp D, Wanders D, Feresin RG. Berry consumption mitigates the hypertensive effects of a high-fat, high-sucrose diet via attenuation of renal and aortic AT 1R expression resulting in improved endothelium-derived NO bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109225. [PMID: 36435288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a contributor to high-fat diet-related blood pressure (BP) increases. Deleterious effects of dysregulated RAS result in an overproduction of reactive oxygen species and a decrease in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due to increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to mitigate the imbalance in the redox state and protect against endothelial dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet. Thus, we aim to determine whether polyphenol-rich blackberry and raspberry, alone and in combination, attenuate the detrimental effects of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet on the vascular endothelium and kidneys of mice. We show that a HFHS diet increased the expression of renal and aortic angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R). Further, NOX1 and NOX4 expression were increased in the kidney contributing to fibrotic damage. In human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), palmitic acid increased the expression of NOX4, potentially driving oxidative damage in the aorta, as evidenced by increased nitrotyrosine expression. Berries reduced the expression of renal and aortic AT1R, leading to a subsequent decrease in renal NOX expression and reduced aortic oxidative stress evidenced by reduced nitrotyrosine expression. Blackberry and raspberry in combination increased the expression of NRF2 and its downstream proteins in HAECs, thereby reducing the oxidative burden to the endothelium. In combination, blackberry and raspberry also increased serum levels of NO metabolites. These findings indicate that blackberry and raspberry unique polyphenols may act synergistically to favorably modulate the abovementioned pathways and attenuate HFHS diet-induced increases in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Meister
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rami S Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica P Danh
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Denise Knapp
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rafaela G Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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3
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Manna S, Ruano CSM, Hegenbarth JC, Vaiman D, Gupta S, McCarthy FP, Méhats C, McCarthy C, Apicella C, Scheel J. Computational Models on Pathological Redox Signalling Driven by Pregnancy: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030585. [PMID: 35326235 PMCID: PMC8945226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with a myriad of diseases including pregnancy pathologies with long-term cardiovascular repercussions for both the mother and baby. Aberrant redox signalling coupled with deficient antioxidant defence leads to chronic molecular impairment. Abnormal placentation has been considered the primary source for reactive species; however, placental dysfunction has been deemed secondary to maternal cardiovascular maladaptation in pregnancy. While various therapeutic interventions, aimed at combating deregulated oxidative stress during pregnancy have shown promise in experimental models, they often result as inconclusive or detrimental in clinical trials, warranting the need for further research to identify candidates. The strengths and limitations of current experimental methods in redox research are discussed. Assessment of redox status and oxidative stress in experimental models and in clinical practice remains challenging; the state-of-the-art of computational models in this field is presented in this review, comparing static and dynamic models which provide functional information such as protein-protein interactions, as well as the impact of changes in molecular species on the redox-status of the system, respectively. Enhanced knowledge of redox biology in during pregnancy through computational modelling such as generation of Systems Biology Markup Language model which integrates existing models to a larger network in the context of placenta physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Camino S. M. Ruano
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Jana-Charlotte Hegenbarth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 KH Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
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Gallo G, Calvez V, Savoia C. Hypertension and COVID-19: Current Evidence and Perspectives. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2022; 29:115-123. [PMID: 35184271 PMCID: PMC8858218 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-022-00506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents a real challenge for health-care systems worldwide. Male sex, older age and the coexistence of chronic comorbidities have been described as the most relevant conditions associated with a worse prognosis. Early reports suggested that hypertension might represent a risk factor for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, a more severe course of COVID-19 and increased COVID-19-related deaths. Nevertheless, the independent role of hypertension remains under debate, since hypertension is often associated with the older age and other cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the general population, which may also contribute to the SARS-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19. Moreover, the role of antihypertensive drugs, primarily angiotensin-converting inhibitors (ACEIs) and ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) in COVID-19 development and outcome appears controversial. Indeed, preclinical studies using these classes of drugs have suggested a potential upregulation of angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is the key binding receptor promoting cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 in the organism. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockers may potentially upregulate ACE2, hence, it has been initially hypothesized that these agents might contribute to a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and progressive course of COVID-19. However, several clinical reports do not support a detrimental role of RAS blockers in COVID-19, and an intense debate about the withdrawal or maintenance of chronic therapy with ACEi/ARB has been developed. In this review we will discuss the available evidence on the role of hypertension and antihypertensive drugs on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gallo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentin Calvez
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Savoia
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Gallo G, Volpe M, Savoia C. Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:798958. [PMID: 35127755 PMCID: PMC8811286 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.798958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelium plays a fundamental role in the cardiovascular system, forming an interface between blood and adjacent tissues by regulating the vascular tone through the synthesis of nitric oxide, prostaglandins and other relaxing factors. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by vasoconstriction, cell proliferation and shifting toward a proinflammatory and prothrombic state. In hypertension endothelial dysfunction may be involved in the initiation and development of vascular inflammation, vascular remodeling, and atherosclerosis and is independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Different conditions such as impaired vascular shear stress, inflammation and oxidative stress, activation of the renin angiotensin system have been described as important pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction. The release of extracellular vesicles by neighboring cells in the vascular wall has emerged as an important regulator of endothelial function and with potential antihypertensive properties and beneficial effects by counteracting the hypertension mediated organ damage. Furthermore, macrovesicles are emerging as an innovative therapeutic approach for vascular protection, allowing the delivery of bioactive molecules, such as miRNA and drugs interacting with the renin angiotensin system. In this review we summarize the available evidence about the pathophysiological implications of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases, focusing on hypertension and its sequelae, and the potential innovative therapeutic strategies targeting the endothelium with the aim to improve vascular function and remodeling.
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Implication of RAS in Postnatal Cardiac Remodeling, Fibrosis and Dysfunction Induced by Fetal Undernutrition. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:273-290. [PMID: 35366262 PMCID: PMC8830479 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal undernutrition is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Male offspring from rats exposed to undernutrition during gestation (MUN) exhibit oxidative stress during perinatal life and develop cardiac dysfunction in ageing. Angiotensin-II is implicated in oxidative stress-mediated cardiovascular fibrosis and remodeling, and lactation is a key developmental window. We aimed to assess if alterations in RAS during lactation participate in cardiac dysfunction associated with fetal undernutrition. Control dams received food ad libitum, and MUN had 50% nutrient restriction during the second half of gestation. Both dams were fed ad libitum during lactation, and male offspring were studied at weaning. We assessed: ventricular structure and function (echocardiography); blood pressure (intra-arterially, anesthetized rats); collagen content and intramyocardial artery structure (Sirius red, Masson Trichromic); myocardial and intramyocardial artery RAS receptors (immunohistochemistry); plasma angiotensin-II (ELISA) and TGF-β1 protein expression (Western Blot). Compared to Control, MUN offspring exhibited significantly higher plasma Angiotensin-II and a larger left ventricular mass, as well as larger intramyocardial artery media/lumen, interstitial collagen and perivascular collagen. In MUN hearts, TGF-β1 tended to be higher, and the end-diastolic diameter and E/A ratio were significantly lower with no differences in ejection fraction or blood pressure. In the myocardium, no differences between groups were detected in AT1, AT2 or Mas receptors, with MrgD being significantly lower in the MUN group. In intramyocardial arteries from MUN rats, AT1 and Mas receptors were significantly elevated, while AT2 and MrgD were lower compared to Control. Conclusions. In rats exposed to fetal undernutrition, RAS disbalance and associated cardiac remodeling during lactation may set the basis for later heart dysfunction.
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Liu Y, Chen Y. Mitochondrial tRNA Mutations Associated With Essential Hypertension: From Molecular Genetics to Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:634137. [PMID: 33585472 PMCID: PMC7874112 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.634137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases worldwide, entailing a high level of morbidity. EH is a multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genotype. Previous studies identified mtDNA mutations that are associated with maternally inherited hypertension, including tRNAIle m.4263A>G, m.4291T>C, m.4295A>G, tRNAMet m.4435A>G, tRNAAla m.5655A>G, and tRNAMet/tRNAGln m.4401A>G, et al. These mtDNA mutations alter tRNA structure, thereby leading to metabolic disorders. Metabolic defects associated with mitochondrial tRNAs affect protein synthesis, cause oxidative phosphorylation defects, reduced ATP synthesis, and increase production of reactive oxygen species. In this review we discuss known mutations of tRNA genes encoded by mtDNA and the potential mechanisms by which these mutations may contribute to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liu
- Cardiac Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Cardiac Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xu N, Jiang S, Persson PB, Persson EAG, Lai EY, Patzak A. Reactive oxygen species in renal vascular function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13477. [PMID: 32311827 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the aerobic metabolism. The imbalance between production of ROS and antioxidant defence in any cell compartment is associated with cell damage and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal disease. NADPH oxidase (NOX) family is the major ROS source in the vasculature and modulates renal perfusion. Upregulation of Ang II and adenosine activates NOX via AT1R and A1R in renal microvessels, leading to superoxide production. Oxidative stress in the kidney prompts renal vascular remodelling and increases preglomerular resistance. These are key elements in hypertension, acute and chronic kidney injury, as well as diabetic nephropathy. Renal afferent arterioles (Af), the primary resistance vessel in the kidney, fine tune renal hemodynamics and impact on blood pressure. Vice versa, ROS increase hypertension and diabetes, resulting in upregulation of Af vasoconstriction, enhancement of myogenic responses and change of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), which further promotes hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. In the following, we highlight oxidative stress in the function and dysfunction of renal hemodynamics. The renal microcirculatory alterations brought about by ROS importantly contribute to the pathophysiology of kidney injury, hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | | | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
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9
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Protective Effects of Polyphenols against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153469. [PMID: 32751587 PMCID: PMC7435883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. It manifests as an imbalance between blood demand and blood delivery in the myocardium, which leads to cardiac ischemia and myocardial necrosis. While it is not easy to identify the first pathogenic cause of MI, the consequences are characterized by ischemia, chronic inflammation, and tissue degeneration. A poor MI prognosis is associated with extensive cardiac remodeling. A loss of viable cardiomyocytes is replaced with fibrosis, which reduces heart contractility and heart function. Recent advances have given rise to the concept of natural polyphenols. These bioactive compounds have been studied for their pharmacological properties and have proven successful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have focused on their various bioactivities, such as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and free radical scavenging. In this review, we summarized the effects and benefits of polyphenols on the cardiovascular injury, particularly on the treatment of myocardial infarction in animal and human studies.
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Li J, Teng X, Jin S, Dong J, Guo Q, Tian D, Wu Y. Hydrogen sulfide improves endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the vicious cycle of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2020; 37:1633-1643. [PMID: 31058793 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether by inhibiting inflammasome and oxidative stress, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can ameliorate endothelial dysfunction with hypertension. METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were injected with 100 μmol/l sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) intraperitoneally daily for 16 weeks. SBP and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels were measured. Renal vascular function was used to determine endothelial-dependent contraction (EDC) and endothelial-dependent relaxation (EDR). Protein levels of NOX1, p67, Nrf2, SOD1, CAT, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were detected by western blot analysis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to confirm the protective role of H2S against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cell injury. RESULTS Exogenous NaHS administration significantly reduced SBP and ameliorated damaged EDC and EDR. H2S reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in SHR. The endothelial protective and antioxidant effect of H2S was abolished by lipopolysaccharide, an inducer of NLRP3 inflammasome. In HUVECs, H2S significantly ameliorated Ang II-induced cellular impairment, NLRP3 inflammasome activity and reactive oxygen species generation. After knocking down Nrf2, the protective effect of H2S was abolished. CONCLUSION H2S could inhibit the vicious cycle of oxidative stress and inflammation in hypertension, and then improve endothelial function and ameliorated hypertension. Our results help to reveal the crucial role of H2S in regulating endothelial function, which might be a new tool for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University.,Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Danyang Tian
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease
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11
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Six I, Flissi N, Lenglet G, Louvet L, Kamel S, Gallet M, Massy ZA, Liabeuf S. Uremic Toxins and Vascular Dysfunction. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060404. [PMID: 32570781 PMCID: PMC7354618 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is an essential element found in many cardiovascular pathologies and in pathologies that have a cardiovascular impact such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Alteration of vasomotricity is due to an imbalance between the production of relaxing and contracting factors. In addition to becoming a determining factor in pathophysiological alterations, vascular dysfunction constitutes the first step in the development of atherosclerosis plaques or vascular calcifications. In patients with CKD, alteration of vasomotricity tends to emerge as being a new, less conventional, risk factor. CKD is characterized by the accumulation of uremic toxins (UTs) such as phosphate, para-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, and FGF23 and, consequently, the deleterious role of UTs on vascular dysfunction has been explored. This accumulation of UTs is associated with systemic alterations including inflammation, oxidative stress, and the decrease of nitric oxide production. The present review proposes to summarize our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which UTs induce vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Six
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +03-22-82-54-25
| | - Nadia Flissi
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Gaëlle Lenglet
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Loïc Louvet
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Said Kamel
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Human Biology Center, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Marlène Gallet
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- Service de Néphrologie et Dialyse, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Universitaire Ambroise Paré, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France;
- INSERM U1018, Equipe 5, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris Saclay et Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, Amiens University Hospital, 80025 Amiens, France
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12
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High Concentrations of Uric Acid and Angiotensin II Act Additively to Produce Endothelial Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8387654. [PMID: 32565731 PMCID: PMC7261330 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8387654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) activation in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients is associated with elevated uric acid (UA) levels, resulting in endothelial system dysfunction. Our previous study demonstrated that excessive UA could cause endothelial injury through the aldose reductase (AR) pathway. This study is the first to show that a high concentration of Ang II in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) components, including O2·- and H2O2, and further aggravates endothelial system injury induced by high UA (HUA). In a MS/hyperuricemia model, nitric oxide (NO) production was decreased, followed by a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the concentration of the endothelial injury marker von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the serum was increased. Treatment with catalase and polyethylene glycol covalently linked to superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) to individually remove H2O2 and O2·- or treatment with the AR inhibitor epalrestat decreased ROS and H2O2, increased NO levels and TAC, and reduced vWF release. Taken together, these data indicate that HUA and Ang II act additively to cause endothelial dysfunction via oxidative stress, and specific elimination of O2·- and H2O2 improves endothelial function. We provide theoretical evidence to prevent or delay endothelial injury caused by metabolic diseases.
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Mashhadi FD, Salari R, Ghorbanzadeh H. The Effect of Resveratrol dose and Duration of Treatment on Blood Pressure in Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders: A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:325-331. [PMID: 30813878 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190226100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension is an important risk factor that causes many deaths in the world every year. Researchers continue to undertake studies to find an effective drug for reducing blood pressure. One of the phytochemicals that recently attracted the attention of researchers is resveratrol-polyphenol, found in grapes. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the effect of resveratrol as a cardioprotective agent effective in reducing hypertension in patients with hypertension. METHODS Studies and clinical articles from databases Scopus, Pubmed, Ovid and Cochrane have been collected until September 2017; the keywords are Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Hypertensive, Cardiovascular, and Resveratrol. RESULTS Data from five studies with a total of 229 hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients (men and women) showed that resveratrol plays an important role in reducing blood pressure. CONCLUSION Resveratrol appears to have anti-hypertensive effects, depending on the dose and duration of treatment. Researchers attribute one of the important blood pressure reducing mechanisms of resveratrol to increasing levels of NO. Based on the results of this systematic review, it is suggested that more clinical studies be conducted to find the appropriate dose and duration of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh D Mashhadi
- Medical Physiology, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Salari
- Drug Control, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - HamidReza Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Man AWC, Li H, Xia N. Resveratrol and the Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Arterial Remodelling. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010119. [PMID: 31906281 PMCID: PMC7019510 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial remodelling refers to the alteration in the structure of blood vessel that contributes to the progression of hypertension and other cardiovascular complications. Arterial remodelling is orchestrated by the crosstalk between the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Vascular inflammation participates in arterial remodelling. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has beneficial effects in both the endothelium and VSMC. Resveratrol has been studied for the protective effects in arterial remodelling and gut microbiota, respectively. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the immune system and inflammatory processes. Gut microbiota may also regulate vascular remodelling in cardiovascular complications via affecting endothelium function and VSMC proliferation. Currently, there is new evidence showing that gut microbiota regulate the proliferation of VSMC and the formation of neointimal hyperplasia in response to injury. The change in population of the gut microbiota, as well as their metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) could critically contribute to VSMC proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration. Recent studies have provided strong evidence that correlate the effects of resveratrol in arterial remodelling and gut microbiota. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the resveratrol effects on cardiovascular complications focusing on arterial remodelling and discuss the possible interactions of resveratrol and the gut microbiota that modulate arterial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy W C Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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16
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Yang X, Wang Y, Wu C, Ling EA. Animal Venom Peptides as a Treasure Trove for New Therapeutics Against Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4749-4774. [PMID: 30378475 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181031122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemic stroke, impose enormous socio-economic burdens on both patients and health-care systems. However, drugs targeting these diseases remain unsatisfactory, and hence there is an urgent need for the development of novel and potent drug candidates. METHODS Animal toxins exhibit rich diversity in both proteins and peptides, which play vital roles in biomedical drug development. As a molecular tool, animal toxin peptides have not only helped clarify many critical physiological processes but also led to the discovery of novel drugs and clinical therapeutics. RESULTS Recently, toxin peptides identified from venomous animals, e.g. exenatide, ziconotide, Hi1a, and PcTx1 from spider venom, have been shown to block specific ion channels, alleviate inflammation, decrease protein aggregates, regulate glutamate and neurotransmitter levels, and increase neuroprotective factors. CONCLUSION Thus, components of venom hold considerable capacity as drug candidates for the alleviation or reduction of neurodegeneration. This review highlights studies evaluating different animal toxins, especially peptides, as promising therapeutic tools for the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicine Resource, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyun Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Ran K, Yang Z, Zhao Y, Wang X. Transmural pressure drives proliferation of human arterial smooth muscle cells via mechanism associated with NADPH oxidase and Survivin. Microvasc Res 2019; 126:103905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Kelly DM, Rothwell PM. Blood pressure and the brain: the neurology of hypertension. Pract Neurol 2019; 20:100-108. [DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2019-002269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension affects more than one in four adults. The brain is an early target of hypertension-induced organ damage, and may manifest as stroke, subclinical cerebrovascular abnormalities and dementia. Hypertension-related small vessel disease can cause vascular dementia and can potentiate Alzheimer’s pathology, lowering the threshold at which signs and symptoms manifest. Many hypertensive emergencies may also have a neurological presentation, such as hypertensive encephalopathy, haemorrhagic stroke or pre-eclampsia. Here we highlight the importance of blood pressure in maintaining brain health and the brain’s role in controlling blood pressure.
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Alam MA. Anti-hypertensive Effect of Cereal Antioxidant Ferulic Acid and Its Mechanism of Action. Front Nutr 2019; 6:121. [PMID: 31448280 PMCID: PMC6692439 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a simple phenolic acid found mainly in cereals and grains, used as an antioxidant and food preservative. Recent evidence suggests that ferulic acid possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, and cardioprotective properties. Several investigations also have shown that ferulic acid rich food might prevent hypertension. As a potent scavenger of free radicals (ROS, reactive oxygen species), ferulic acid attenuates oxidative stress, which is responsible for lowering elevated blood-pressure through improved endothelial function and increased bioavailability of the nitric oxide in the arterial vasculature. This review article describes the role of ferulic acid in the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction and hypertension along with highlighted the merit of further scientific and clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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20
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Vieira-Rocha M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Sousa J, González M, Arribas S, López de Pablo A, Diniz C. Vascular angiotensin AT1 receptor neuromodulation in fetal programming of hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 117:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Pharmacological strategies to lower crosstalk between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondria. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1478-1498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Veltkamp R, Uhlmann S, Marinescu M, Sticht C, Finke D, Gretz N, Gröne H, Katus HA, Backs J, Lehmann LH. Experimental ischaemic stroke induces transient cardiac atrophy and dysfunction. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:54-62. [PMID: 30378296 PMCID: PMC6438414 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke can lead to cardiac dysfunction in patients, but the mechanisms underlying the interaction between the injured brain and the heart are poorly understood. The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of experimental murine stroke on cardiac function and molecular signalling in the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were subjected to filament-induced left middle cerebral artery occlusion for 30 or 60 min or sham surgery and underwent repetitive micro-echocardiography. Left ventricular contractility was reduced early (24-72 h) but not late (2 months) after brain ischaemia. Cardiac dysfunction was accompanied by a release of high-sensitive cardiac troponin (hsTNT (ng/ml): d1: 7.0 ± 1.0 vs. 25.0 ± 3.2*; d3: 7.3 ± 1.1 vs. 52.2 ± 16.7*; d14: 5.7 ± 0.8 vs. 5.2 ± 0.3; sham vs. 60 min. MCAO; mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05); reduced heart weight (heart weight/tibia length ratio: d1: 6.9 ± 0.2 vs. 6.4 ± 0.1*; d3: 6.7 ± 0.2 vs. 5.8 ± 0.1*; d14: 6.7 ± 0.2 vs. 6.4 ± 03; sham vs. 60 min. MCAO; mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05); resulting from cardiomyocyte atrophy (cardiomyocyte size: d1: 12.8% ± 0.002**; d3: 13.5% ± 0.002**; 14d: 6.3% ± 0.003*; 60 min. MCAO vs. sham; mean ± SEM; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05), accompanied by increased atrogin-1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase murf-1. Net norepinephrine but not synthesis was increased, suggesting a reduced norepinephrine release or an increase of norepinephrine re-uptake, resulting in a functional denervation. Transcriptome analysis in cardiac tissue identified the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a potential mediator of stroke-induced transcriptional dysregulation involved in cardiac atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Stroke induces a complex molecular response in the heart muscle with immediate but transient cardiac atrophy and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Veltkamp
- Division of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurologyUniversity HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Uhlmann
- Department of NeurologyUniversity HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marilena Marinescu
- Division of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurologyUniversity HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research CenterMedical Faculty MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Daniel Finke
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelbergGermany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research CenterMedical Faculty MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Herrmann‐Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PathologyGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelbergGermany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and EpigeneticsUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelbergGermany
| | - Lorenz H. Lehmann
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and EpigeneticsUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelbergGermany
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Masi S, Uliana M, Virdis A. Angiotensin II and vascular damage in hypertension: Role of oxidative stress and sympathetic activation. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 115:13-17. [PMID: 30707954 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen derivates and play an active role in vascular biology. These compounds are generated within the vascular wall, at the level of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as by adventitial fibroblasts. Physiologically, ROS generation is counteracted effectively by the rate of elimination. In hypertension, a ROS excess occurs, which is not counterbalanced by the endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, leading to a state of oxidative stress. Angiotensin II, the active peptide of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), is a significant stimulus for ROS generation within the vasculature. It was also documented that at the level of subfornical cerebral regions an inappropriate RAS stimulation may lead to an increased vascular sympathetic activity. More recently, in conditions of fetal undernutrition, it was also proposed an increased vascular sympathetic activity secondary to inappropriate RAS activation, leading to the development of hypertension in adult life. The present review will discuss the complex interaction between RAS activation, vascular ROS generation and increased sympathetic outflow in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Uliana
- Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Current Opinion for Hypertension in Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:37-47. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wall shear stress promotes intimal hyperplasia through the paracrine H 2O 2-mediated NOX-AKT-SVV axis. Life Sci 2018; 207:61-71. [PMID: 29847774 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oscillatory wall shear stress (WSS)-linked oxidative stress promotes intimal hyperplasia (IH) development, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an in vivo rabbit carotid arterial stenosis model representing different levels of WSS and found that WSS was increased at 1 month with 50% stenosis and was accompanied by VSMCs proliferation and interstitial collagen accumulation. Increased WSS promoted the expression of NOX, AKT, and survivin (SVV) and the proliferation/migration of VSMCs and reduced apoptosis. KEY FINDINGS Our in vitro study suggested that H2O2 promoted proliferation and migration while suppressing apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated that the elevation of WSS promotes VSMC proliferation and migration through the H2O2-mediated NOX-AKT-SVV axis, thereby accelerating IH development.
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Khaper N, Bailey CDC, Ghugre NR, Reitz C, Awosanmi Z, Waines R, Martino TA. Implications of disturbances in circadian rhythms for cardiovascular health: A new frontier in free radical biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:85-92. [PMID: 29146117 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell autonomous circadian "clock" mechanisms are present in virtually every organ, and generate daily rhythms that are important for normal physiology. This is especially relevant to the cardiovascular system, for example the circadian mechanism orchestrates rhythms in heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, metabolism, gene and protein abundance over the 24-h day and night cycles. Conversely, disturbing circadian rhythms (e.g. via shift work, sleep disorders) increases cardiovascular disease risk, and exacerbates cardiac remodelling and worsens outcome. Notably, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important contributors to heart disease, especially the pathophysiologic damage that occurs after myocardial infarction (MI, heart attack). However, little is known about how the circadian mechanism, or rhythm desynchrony, is involved in these key pathologic stress responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge on circadian rhythms in the cardiovascular system, and the implications of rhythm disturbances for cardiovascular health. Furthermore, we highlight how free radical biology coincides with the pathogenesis of myocardial repair and remodelling after MI, and indicate a role for the circadian system in the oxidative stress pathways in the heart and brain after MI. This fusion of circadian biology with cardiac oxidative stress pathways is novel, and offers enormous potential for improving our understanding and treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Khaper
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B5E1
| | - Craig D C Bailey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Nilesh R Ghugre
- Schulich Heart Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Cristine Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Zikra Awosanmi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Ryan Waines
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
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de Souza JM, Goncalves BDC, Gomez MV, Vieira LB, Ribeiro FM. Animal Toxins as Therapeutic Tools to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29527170 PMCID: PMC5829052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide. So far, no disease-modifying drug is available to treat patients, making the search for effective drugs an urgent need. Neurodegeneration is triggered by the activation of several cellular processes, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, aging, aggregate formation, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and apoptosis. Therefore, many research groups aim to identify drugs that may inhibit one or more of these events leading to neuronal cell death. Venoms are fruitful natural sources of new molecules, which have been relentlessly enhanced by evolution through natural selection. Several studies indicate that venom components can exhibit selectivity and affinity for a wide variety of targets in mammalian systems. For instance, an expressive number of natural peptides identified in venoms from animals, such as snakes, scorpions, bees, and spiders, were shown to lessen inflammation, regulate glutamate release, modify neurotransmitter levels, block ion channel activation, decrease the number of protein aggregates, and increase the levels of neuroprotective factors. Thus, these venom components hold potential as therapeutic tools to slow or even halt neurodegeneration. However, there are many technological issues to overcome, as venom peptides are hard to obtain and characterize and the amount obtained from natural sources is insufficient to perform all the necessary experiments and tests. Fortunately, technological improvements regarding heterologous protein expression, as well as peptide chemical synthesis will help to provide enough quantities and allow chemical and pharmacological enhancements of these natural occurring compounds. Thus, the main focus of this review is to highlight the most promising studies evaluating animal toxins as therapeutic tools to treat a wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, brain ischemia, glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno D C Goncalves
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Gomez
- Department of Neurotransmitters, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciene B Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Decoding resistant hypertension signalling pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2813-2834. [PMID: 29184046 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resistant hypertension (RH) is a clinical condition in which the hypertensive patient has become resistant to drug therapy and is often associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several signalling pathways have been studied and related to the development and progression of RH: modulation of sympathetic activity by leptin and aldosterone, primary aldosteronism, arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction and variations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). miRNAs comprise a family of small non-coding RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are involved in the development of both cardiovascular damage and hypertension. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms that lead to development and progression of this condition. This review aims to cover the potential roles of miRNAs in the mechanisms associated with the development and consequences of RH, and explore the current state of the art of diagnostic and therapeutic tools based on miRNA approaches.
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Wang C, Luo Z, Carter G, Wellstein A, Jose PA, Tomlinson J, Leiper J, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS, Wang D. NRF2 prevents hypertension, increased ADMA, microvascular oxidative stress, and dysfunction in mice with two weeks of ANG II infusion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R399-R406. [PMID: 29167164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00122.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythyroid factor 2 (Nrf2) transcribes genes in cultured endothelial cells that reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generate nitric oxide (NO) or metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which inhibits NO synthase (NOS). Therefore, we undertook a functional study to test the hypothesis that activation of Nrf2 by tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) preserves microvascular endothelial function during oxidative stress. Wild-type CB57BL/6 (wt), Nrf2 wt (+/+), or knockout (-/-) mice received vehicle (Veh) or tBHQ (0.1%; activator of Nrf2) during 14-day infusions of ANG II (to induce oxidative stress) or sham. MAP was recorded by telemetry. Mesenteric resistance arterioles were studied on isometric myographs and vascular NO and ROS by fluorescence microscopy. ANG II increased the mean arterial pressure (112 ± 5 vs. 145 ± 5 mmHg; P < 0.01) and excretion of 8-isoprostane F2α (2.8 ± 0.3 vs. 3.8 ± 0.3 ng/mg creatinine; P < 0.05) at 12-14 days. However, 12 days of ANG II reduced endothelium-derived relaxation (27 ± 5 vs. 17 ± 3%; P < 0.01) and NO (0.38 ± 0.07 vs. 0.18 ± 0.03 units; P < 0.01) but increased microvascular remodeling, endothelium-derived contractions (7.5 ± 0.5 vs. 13.0 ± 1.7%; P < 0.01), superoxide (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.29 ± 0.08 units; P < 0.05), and contractions to U-46,619 (87 ± 6 vs. 118 ± 3%; P < 0.05), and endothelin-1(89 ± 4 vs. 123 ± 12%; P < 0.05). tBHQ prevented all of these effects of ANG II at 12-14 days in Nrf2+/+ mice but not in Nrf2-/- mice. In conclusion, tBHQ activates Nrf2 to prevent microvascular endothelial dysfunction, remodeling, and contractility, and moderate ADMA and hypertension at 12-14 days of ANG II infusion, thereby preserving endothelial function and preventing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, 5th Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai, Guangdong , China
| | - Zaiming Luo
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Gabriella Carter
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Nephrology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, D.C
| | - James Tomlinson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College , London , United Kingdom
| | - James Leiper
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - William J Welch
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Dan Wang
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
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Zhu X, Zhou Z, Zhang Q, Cai W, Zhou Y, Sun H, Qiu L. Vaccarin administration ameliorates hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:926-937. [PMID: 28681939 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic overdrive, activation of renin angiotensin systems (RAS), and oxidative stress are vitally involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling. We recently identified that vaccarin protected endothelial cell function from oxidative stress or high glucose. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether vaccarin attenuated hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling. Two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) model rats were used, and low dose of vaccarin (10 mg/kg), high dose of vaccarin (30 mg/kg), captopril (30 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administrated. Herein, we showed that 2K1C rats exhibited higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular mass/body weight ratio, myocardial hypertrophy or fibrosis, media thickness, and media thickness to lumen diameter, which were obviously alleviated by vaccarin and captopril. In addition, both vaccarin and captopril abrogated the increased plasma renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), norepinephrine (NE), and the basal sympathetic activity. The AT1R protein expressions, NADPH oxidase subunit NOX-2 protein levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly increased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were decreased in myocardium, aorta, and mesenteric artery of 2K1C rats, both vaccarin and captopril treatment counteracted these changes in renovascular hypertensive rats. Collectively, we concluded that vaccarin may be a novel complementary therapeutic medicine for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. The mechanisms for antihypertensive effects of vaccarin may be associated with inhibition of sympathetic activity, RAS, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuetao Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liying Qiu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Sunggip C, Nishimura A, Shimoda K, Numaga-Tomita T, Tsuda M, Nishida M. Purinergic P2Y 6 receptors: A new therapeutic target of age-dependent hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:51-59. [PMID: 28336370 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging has a remarkable effect on cardiovascular homeostasis and it is known as the major non-modifiable risk factor in the development of hypertension. Medications targeting sympathetic nerve system and/or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are widely accepted as a powerful therapeutic strategy to improve hypertension, although the control rates remain unsatisfactory especially in the elder patients with hypertension. Purinergic receptors, activated by adenine, uridine nucleotides and nucleotide sugars, play pivotal roles in many biological processes, including platelet aggregation, neurotransmission and hormone release, and regulation of cardiovascular contractility. Since clopidogrel, a selective inhibitor of G protein-coupled purinergic P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R), achieved clinical success as an anti-platelet drug, P2YRs has been attracted more attention as new therapeutic targets of cardiovascular diseases. We have revealed that UDP-responsive P2Y6R promoted angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R)-stimulated vascular remodeling in mice, in an age-dependent manner. Moreover, the age-related formation of heterodimer between AT1R and P2Y6R was disrupted by MRS2578, a P2Y6R-selective inhibitor. These findings suggest that P2Y6R is a therapeutic target to prevent age-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sunggip
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science & Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kakeru Shimoda
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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Silencing salusin-β attenuates cardiovascular remodeling and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43259. [PMID: 28230187 PMCID: PMC5322393 DOI: 10.1038/srep43259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salusin-β is a bioactive peptide involved in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, vascular fibrosis and hypertension. The present study was designed to determine the effects of silencing salusin-β on hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Thirteen-week-old male SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were subjected to intravenous injection of PBS, adenoviral vectors encoding salusin-β shRNA (Ad-Sal-shRNA) or a scramble shRNA. Salusin-β levels in plasma, myocardium and mesenteric artery were increased in SHR. Silencing salusin-β had no significant effect on blood pressure in WKY, but reduced blood pressure in SHR. It reduced the ratio of left ventricle weight to body weight, cross-sectional areas of cardiocytes and perivascular fibrosis, and decreased the media thickness and the media/lumen ratio of arteries in SHR. Silencing salusin-β almost normalized plasma norepinephrine and angiotensin II levels in SHR. It prevented the upregulation of angiotensin II and AT1 receptors, and reduced the NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion levels in myocardium and mesenteric artery of SHR. Knockdown of salusin-β attenuated cell proliferation and fibrosis in vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR. These results indicate that silencing salusin-β attenuates hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in SHR.
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Ryazanova MA, Fedoseeva LA, Ershov NI, Efimov VM, Markel AL, Redina OE. The gene-expression profile of renal medulla in ISIAH rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension. BMC Genet 2016; 17:151. [PMID: 28105926 PMCID: PMC5249016 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The changes in the renal function leading to a reduction of medullary blood flow can have a great impact on sodium and water homeostasis and on the long-term control of arterial blood pressure. The RNA-Seq approach was used for transcriptome profiling of the renal medulla from hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats to uncover the genetic basis of the changes underlying the renal medulla function in the ISIAH rats being a model of the stress-sensitive arterial hypertension and to reveal the genes which possibly may contribute to the alterations in medullary blood flow. Results Multiple DEGs specifying the function of renal medulla in ISIAH rats were revealed. The group of DEGs described by Gene Ontology term ‘oxidation reduction’ was the most significantly enriched one. The other groups of DEGs related to response to external stimulus, response to hormone (endogenous) stimulus, response to stress, and homeostatic process provide the molecular basis for integrated responses to homeostasis disturbances in the renal medulla of the ISIAH rats. Several DEGs, which may modulate the renal medulla blood flow, were detected. The reduced transcription of Nos3 pointed to the possible reduction of the blood flow in the renal medulla of ISIAH rats. Conclusions The generated data may be useful for comparison with those from different models of hypertension and for identifying the common molecular determinants contributing to disease manifestation, which may be potentially used as new pharmacological targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0462-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Ryazanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa A Fedoseeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita I Ershov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim M Efimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Arcady L Markel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Redina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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KVANDOVÁ M, MAJZÚNOVÁ M, DOVINOVÁ I. The Role of PPARγ in Cardiovascular Diseases. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S343-S363. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) belong to the nuclear superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARγ acts as a nutrient sensor that regulates several homeostatic functions. Its disruption can lead to vascular pathologies, disorders of fatty acid/lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. PPARγ can modulate several signaling pathways connected with blood pressure regulation. Firstly, it affects the insulin signaling pathway and endothelial dysfunction by modulation of expression and/or phosphorylation of signaling molecules through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS or MAPK/ET-1 pathways. Secondly, it can modulate gene expression of the renin- angiotensin system – cascade proteins, which potentially slow down the progression of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Thirdly, it can modulate oxidative stress response either directly through PPAR or indirectly through Nrf2 activation. In this context, activation and functioning of PPARγ is very important in the regulation of several disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and/or metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I. DOVINOVÁ
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ellinsworth DC, Sandow SL, Shukla N, Liu Y, Jeremy JY, Gutterman DD. Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarization and Coronary Vasodilation: Diverse and Integrated Roles of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Gap Junctions. Microcirculation 2016; 23:15-32. [PMID: 26541094 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial perfusion and coronary vascular resistance are regulated by signaling metabolites released from the local myocardium that act either directly on the VSMC or indirectly via stimulation of the endothelium. A prominent mechanism of vasodilation is EDH of the arteriolar smooth muscle, with EETs and H(2)O(2) playing important roles in EDH in the coronary microcirculation. In some cases, EETs and H(2)O(2) are released as transferable hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) that act directly on the VSMCs. By contrast, EETs and H(2)O(2) can also promote endothelial KCa activity secondary to the amplification of extracellular Ca(2+) influx and Ca(2+) mobilization from intracellular stores, respectively. The resulting endothelial hyperpolarization may subsequently conduct to the media via myoendothelial gap junctions or potentially lead to the release of a chemically distinct factor(s). Furthermore, in human isolated coronary arterioles dilator signaling involving EETs and H(2)O(2) may be integrated, being either complimentary or inhibitory depending on the stimulus. With an emphasis on the human coronary microcirculation, this review addresses the diverse and integrated mechanisms by which EETs and H(2)O(2) regulate vessel tone and also examines the hypothesis that myoendothelial microdomain signaling facilitates EDH activity in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun L Sandow
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nilima Shukla
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yanping Liu
- Division of Research Infrastructure, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie Y Jeremy
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David D Gutterman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Dos Santos RL, Dellacqua LO, Delgado NTB, Rouver WN, Podratz PL, Lima LCF, Piccin MPC, Meyrelles SS, Mauad H, Graceli JB, Moyses MR. Pomegranate peel extract attenuates oxidative stress by decreasing coronary angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in hypertensive female rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:998-1007. [PMID: 27710705 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1213690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on the antioxidant properties of pomegranate, this study was designed to investigate the effects of pomegranate peel extract on damage associated with hypertension and aging in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model. The influence of pomegranate consumption was examined on systolic blood pressure (SBP), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) coronary activity, oxidative stress, and vascular morphology. Four- or 28-wk-old SHR model rats were treated for 30 d, with terminal experimental animal age being 8 and 32 wk, respectively, with either pomegranate extract (SHR-PG) or filtered water (SHR). Data showed significant reduction in SBP and coronary ACE activity in both age groups. The levels of superoxide anion, a measure of oxidative stress, were significantly lower in animals in the SHR-PG group compared to SHR alone. Coronary morphology demonstrated total increases in vascular wall areas were in the SHR group, and pomegranate peel extract diminished this effect. Pomegranate peel extract consumption conferred protection against hypertension in the SHR model. This finding was demonstrated by marked reduction in coronary ACE activity, oxidative stress, and vascular remodelling. In addition, treatment was able to reduce SBP in both groups. Evidence indicates that the use of pomegranate peel extract may prove beneficial in alleviating coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Dos Santos
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | - Lais O Dellacqua
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | - Nathalie T B Delgado
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | - Wender N Rouver
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | - Priscila L Podratz
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | - Leandro C F Lima
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Mariela P C Piccin
- c Department of Biophysics , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Silvana S Meyrelles
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | - Helder Mauad
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | - Jones B Graceli
- d Department of Morphology , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | - Margareth R Moyses
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria , Espirito Santo , Brazil
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De Mello WC. Intracellular angiotensin II as a regulator of muscle tone in vascular resistance vessels. Pathophysiological implications. Peptides 2016; 78:87-90. [PMID: 26944358 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of intracellular angiotensin II on the regulation of potassium current and membrane potential of smooth muscle cells of mesenteric arteries and its relevance for the regulation of vascular tone was reviewed. The presence of components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in different cells of the cardiovascular system, was discussed including their presence in the nuclei and mitochondria. Emphasis was given to the opposite effects of intracellular and extracellular angiotensin II (Ang II) on the regulation of potassium current, membrane potential and contractility of vascular resistance vessels and its implication to vascular physiology and pathology and the possible role of epigenetic factors on the expression of angiotensin II (Ang II) and renin in vascular resistance vessels as well as its possible pathophysiological role in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walmor C De Mello
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, UPR, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA.
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Sakuyama H, Katoh M, Wakabayashi H, Zulli A, Kruzliak P, Uehara Y. Influence of gestational salt restriction in fetal growth and in development of diseases in adulthood. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:12. [PMID: 26787358 PMCID: PMC4719732 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reported the critical role of the intrauterine environment of a fetus in growth or the development of disease in adulthood. In this article we discussed the implications of salt restriction in growth of a fetus and the development of growth-related disease in adulthood. Salt restriction causes retardation of fatal growth or intrauterine death thereby leading to low birth weight or decreased birth rate. Such retardation of growth along with the upregulation of the renin angiotensin system due to salt restriction results in the underdevelopment of cardiovascular organs or decreases the number of the nephron in the kidney and is responsible for onset of hypertension in adulthood. In addition, gestational salt restriction is associated with salt craving after weaning. Moreover, salt restriction is associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity. A series of alterations in metabolism due to salt restriction are probably mediated by the upregulation of the renin angiotensin system and an epigenetic mechanism including proinflammatory substances or histone methylation. Part of the metabolic disease in adulthood may be programmed through such epigenetic changes. The modification of gene in a fetus may be switched on through environment factors or life style after birth. The benefits of salt restriction have been assumed thus far; however, more precise investigation is required of its influence on the health of fetuses and the onset of various diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Sakuyama
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, 2-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8437, Japan
| | - Minami Katoh
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, 2-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8437, Japan
| | - Honoka Wakabayashi
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, 2-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8437, Japan
| | - Anthony Zulli
- The Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention & Management (CCDPM), Western CHRE, Victoria University, St Albans, Australia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Proteomics, Central Laboratories, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Yoshio Uehara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, 2-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8437, Japan.
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39
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Boegehold MA, Drenjancevic I, Lombard JH. Salt, Angiotensin II, Superoxide, and Endothelial Function. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:215-54. [PMID: 26756632 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper function of the vascular endothelium is essential for cardiovascular health, in large part due to its antiproliferative, antihypertrophic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Crucial to the protective role of the endothelium is the production and liberation of nitric oxide (NO), which not only acts as a potent vasodilator, but also reduces levels of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion (O2•-). Superoxide anion is highly injurious to the vasculature because it not only scavenges NO molecules, but has other damaging effects, including direct oxidative disruption of normal signaling mechanisms in the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells. The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in the maintenance of normal blood pressure. This function is mediated via the peptide hormone angiotensin II (ANG II), which maintains normal blood volume by regulating Na+ excretion. However, elevation of ANG II above normal levels increases O2•- production, promotes oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and plays a major role in multiple disease conditions. Elevated dietary salt intake also leads to oxidant stress and endothelial dysfunction, but these occur in the face of salt-induced ANG II suppression and reduced levels of circulating ANG II. While the effects of abnormally high levels of ANG II have been extensively studied, far less is known regarding the mechanisms of oxidant stress and endothelial dysfunction occurring in response to chronic exposure to abnormally low levels of ANG II. The current article focuses on the mechanisms and consequences of this less well understood relationship among salt, superoxide, and endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ines Drenjancevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Julian H Lombard
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Gamboa-Gómez C, Pérez-Ramírez IF, González-Gallardo A, Gallegos-Corona MA, Ibarra-Alvarado C, Reynoso-Camacho R. Effect of C
itrus paradisi
and O
cimum sanctum
Infusions on Blood Pressure Regulation and Its Association with Renal Alterations in Obese Rats. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriana González-Gallardo
- Facultad de Proteogenómica, Instituto de Neurobiología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Querétaro México
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Neves KB, Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Lopes RAM, Rios FJ, Anagnostopoulou A, Lobato NS, de Oliveira AM, Tostes RC, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Chemerin Regulates Crosstalk Between Adipocytes and Vascular Cells Through Nox. Hypertension 2015; 66:657-66. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Bianca Neves
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
| | - Aurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
| | - Rheure Alves Moreira Lopes
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
| | - Francisco Jose Rios
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
| | - Nubia Souza Lobato
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
| | - Ana Maria de Oliveira
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow (K.B.N., A.N.D.C., R.A.M.L., F.J.R., A.A., A.C.M., R.M.T.); Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (K.B.N., A.M.d.O.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.A.M.L., R.C.T.), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Federal
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Bhatt SR, Lokhandwala MF, Banday AA. Vascular oxidative stress upregulates angiotensin II type I receptors via mechanisms involving nuclear factor kappa B. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 36:367-73. [PMID: 25198883 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2014.943402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The association of oxidative stress with hypertension is well known. However, a causal role of oxidative stress in hypertension is unclear. Vascular angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) upregulation is a prominent contributor to pathogenesis of hypertension. However, the mechanisms causing this upregulation are unknown. Oxidative stress is an important regulator of protein expression via activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to vascular AT1R upregulation via NFκB in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). HASMC exposed to oxidative stress exhibited a robust increase in AT1R mRNA in HASMC. Furthermore, oxidative stress failed to upregulate AT1Rs in the presence of either an antioxidant catalase or siRNA against p65 subunit of NFκB. To test the role of oxidative stress and NFκB in hypertension, prehypertensive SHR were treated with NFκB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate from 5 weeks to 11-12 weeks of age. At 11-12 weeks of age, SHR exhibited increased NFκB expression, AT1R upregulation and exaggerated Ang II-induced vasoconstriction as compared to age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. PDTC treatment of SHR lowered NFκB expression, normalized AT1R expression and Ang II-induced vasoconstriction. More importantly, PDTC treatment significantly attenuated hypertension development in SHR. In conclusion, vascular oxidative can upregulate AT1R, via mechanisms involving NFκB, and contribute to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha R Bhatt
- Heart and Kidney Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston, TX , USA
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Wang C, Luo Z, Kohan D, Wellstein A, Jose PA, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS, Wang D. Thromboxane prostanoid receptors enhance contractions, endothelin-1, and oxidative stress in microvessels from mice with chronic kidney disease. Hypertension 2015; 65:1055-63. [PMID: 25733239 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is frequent in chronic kidney disease and has been related to angiotensin II, endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane A2, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because activation of thromboxane prostanoid receptors (TP-Rs) can generate ROS, which can generate ET-1, we tested the hypothesis that chronic kidney disease induces cyclooxygenase-2 whose products activate TP-Rs to enhance ET-1 and ROS generation and contractions. Mesenteric resistance arterioles were isolated from C57/BL6 or TP-R+/+ and TP-R-/- mice 3 months after SHAM-operation (SHAM) or surgical reduced renal mass (RRM, n=6/group). Microvascular contractions were studied on a wire myograph. Cellular (ethidium: dihydroethidium) and mitochondrial (mitoSOX) ROS were measured by fluorescence microscopy. Mice with RRM had increased excretion of markers of oxidative stress, thromboxane, and microalbumin; increased plasma ET-1; and increased microvascular expression of p22(phox), cyclooxygenase-2, TP-Rs, preproendothelin and endothelin-A receptors, and increased arteriolar remodeling. They had increased contractions to U-46,619 (118 ± 3 versus 87 ± 6, P<0.05) and ET-1 (108 ± 5 versus 89 ± 4, P<0.05), which were dependent on cellular and mitochondrial ROS, cyclooxygenase-2, and TP-Rs. RRM doubled the ET-1-induced cellular and mitochondrial ROS generation (P<0.05). TP-R-/- mice with RRM lacked these abnormal structural and functional microvascular responses and lacked the increased systemic and the increased microvascular oxidative stress and circulating ET-1. In conclusion, RRM leads to microvascular remodeling and enhanced ET-1-induced cellular and mitochondrial ROS and contractions that are mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 products activating TP-Rs. Thus, TP-Rs can be upstream from enhanced ROS, ET-1, microvascular remodeling, and contractility and may thereby coordinate vascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Zaiming Luo
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Donald Kohan
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Anton Wellstein
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Pedro A Jose
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - William J Welch
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Dan Wang
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.).
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Alam MA, Chowdhury MRH, Jain P, Sagor MAT, Reza HM. DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin prevents inflammation and oxidative stress of heart and kidney in two kidney and one clip (2K1C) rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:107. [PMID: 26609328 PMCID: PMC4658771 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance often develop cardiovascular and nephrological dysfunction in diabetic patients. Sitagliptin is used to treat diabetes and showed potential benefit in lowering increased blood glucose level in diabetes. This investigation reports the effect of sitagliptin treatment on oxidative stress in kidney and heart of 2K1C rats. METHODS Male Long Evans rats underwent unilateral surgical stenosis of the renal artery [2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C) method]. These animals entered a 4-weeks dosing period with sitagliptin. Blood and urine sampling and organ harvesting were finally performed. Blood plasma, heart, kidney tissues and urine were tested for the assessment of inflammation and oxidative stress in kidney and heart of 2K1C rats after 4 weeks of surgery. RESULTS 2K1C rats showed cardiac hypertrophy, increased left ventricular wet weight compared to sham which was not significantly altered by sitagliptin treatment. Uric acid and creatinin concentrations were also increased in 2K1C rats. Sitagliptin significantly prevented the elevation of uric acid and creatinin concentration in plasma and urine in this rat model. Oxidative stress markers in plasma such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) concentrations were increased in the 2K1C rats as compared to sham-operated animals. Increased concentrations of these oxidative stress markers were also normalized by sitagliptin treatment. 2K1C rats also showed increased level of uric acid and creatinine both in plasma and urine; which are also reduced to normal level in sitagliptin treated rats. Moreover, 2K1C surgery initiated inflammatory cell infiltration, increased MPO activity and fibrosis in both heart and kidneys which were further ameliorated by sitagliptin treatment. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that sitagliptin treatment in 2K1C rats prevented inflammation and fibrosis of heart and kidney by ameliorating elevated oxidative stress in heart and kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Riaz Hasan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Preeti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zambrowicz A, Pokora M, Setner B, Dąbrowska A, Szołtysik M, Babij K, Szewczuk Z, Trziszka T, Lubec G, Chrzanowska J. Multifunctional peptides derived from an egg yolk protein hydrolysate: isolation and characterization. Amino Acids 2014; 47:369-80. [PMID: 25408464 PMCID: PMC4302234 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An egg yolk protein by-product following ethanol extraction of phospholipids (YP) was hydrolyzed with pepsin to produce and identify novel peptides that revealed antioxidant, ACE inhibitory and antidiabetic (α-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory) activities. The peptic hydrolysate of YP was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Isolated peptides were identified using mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF) and the Mascot Search Results database. Four peptides of MW ranging from 1,210.62 to 1,677.88 Da corresponded to the fragments of Apolipoprotein B (YINQMPQKSRE; YINQMPQKSREA), Vitellogenin-2 (VTGRFAGHPAAQ) and Apovitellenin-1 (YIEAVNKVSPRAGQF). These peptides were chemically synthesized and showed antioxidant, ACE inhibitory or/and antidiabetic activities. Peptide YIEAVNKVSPRAGQF exerted the strongest ACE inhibitory activity, with IC50 = 9.4 µg/mL. The peptide YINQMPQKSRE showed the strongest DPPH free radical scavenging and DPP-IV inhibitory activities and its ACE inhibitory activity (IC50) reached 10.1 µg/mL. The peptide VTGRFAGHPAAQ revealed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 365.4 µg/mL). A novel nutraceutical effect for peptides from an egg yolk hydrolysate was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zambrowicz
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland,
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Tabony AM, Yoshida T, Sukhanov S, Delafontaine P. Protein phosphatase 2C-alpha knockdown reduces angiotensin II-mediated skeletal muscle wasting via restoration of mitochondrial recycling and function. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:20. [PMID: 25625009 PMCID: PMC4306116 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating angiotensin II (AngII) is elevated in congestive heart failure (CHF), and leads to skeletal muscle wasting, which is strongly associated with poor patient outcomes. We previously found that AngII upregulates protein phosphatase 2C-alpha (PP2Cα) and dephosphorylates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical regulator of cellular metabolism, in skeletal muscle. Methods To determine the role of PP2Cα in AngII-induced wasting, gastrocnemius (Gas) muscles of FVB mice were injected with scrambled or PP2Cα siRNA and mice were infused with saline or AngII for 4 days. Results Knockdown of PP2Cα reduced AngII wasting, blocked AngII upregulation of PP2Cα, increased p-T172-AMPK, and inhibited AngII-mediated reductions in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), in complex IV activity, and in ATP levels. AngII impaired the rate of autophagy as determined by a 2.4-fold increase in p62/SQSTM1 (p62) accumulation. This induction was reduced by PP2Cα knockdown, which also increased beclin-1 expression and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II conversion in AngII-infused Gas. AngII reduced activating S555 phosphorylation of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a critical regulator of autophagosome formation, and increased inhibitory S757 ULK1 phosphorylation and these effects were prevented by PP2Cα siRNA. Conclusions AngII inhibited AMPK activity and reduced PGC-1α and TFAM expression (thereby inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis) and impaired ULK1 activation and autophagy (thereby also inhibiting clearance of damaged mitochondria), resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased ATP, and wasting. Knockdown of PP2Cα normalized AMPK activity, PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM levels and blocked AngII inhibition of ULK1, leading to improved mitochondrial biogenesis/recycling/function, energy production, and inhibition of AngII-induced wasting. These results demonstrate novel effects of AngII on cellular metabolism that are likely critical in mediating the muscle wasting that is a hallmark of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Michael Tabony
- Tulane University Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Tulane University Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sergiy Sukhanov
- Tulane University Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- Tulane University Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA ; Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave. SL-48, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Colucci R, Fornai M, Duranti E, Antonioli L, Rugani I, Aydinoglu F, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Bernardini N, Taddei S, Blandizzi C, Virdis A. Rosuvastatin prevents angiotensin II-induced vascular changes by inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase and COX-1. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:554-66. [PMID: 22817606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NAD(P)H oxidase and COX-1 participate in vascular damage induced by angiotensin II. We investigated the effect of rosuvastatin on endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodelling, changes in extracellular matrix components and mechanical properties of small mesenteric arteries from angiotensin II-infused rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male rats received angiotensin II (120 ng·kg⁻¹ ·min⁻¹ , subcutaneously) for 14 days with or without rosuvastatin (10 mg·kg⁻¹ ·day⁻¹ , oral gavage) or vehicle. Vascular functions and morphological parameters were assessed by pressurized myography. KEY RESULTS In angiotensin II-infused rats, ACh-induced relaxation was attenuated compared with controls, less sensitive to L-NAME, enhanced by SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor) or SQ-29548 (prostanoid TP receptor antagonist), and normalized by the antioxidant ascorbic acid or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors. After rosuvastatin, relaxations to ACh were normalized, fully sensitive to L-NAME, and no longer affected by SC-560, SQ-29548 or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors. Angiotensin II enhanced intravascular superoxide generation, eutrophic remodelling, collagen and fibronectin depositions, and decreased elastin content, resulting in increased vessel stiffness. All these changes were prevented by rosuvastatin. Angiotensin II increased phosphorylation of NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47phox and its binding to subunit p67phox, effects inhibited by rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin down-regulated vascular Nox4/NAD(P)H isoform and COX-1 expression, attenuated the vascular release of 6-keto-PGF1α , and enhanced copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase expression. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Rosuvastatin prevents angiotensin II-induced alterations in resistance arteries in terms of function, structure, mechanics and composition. These effects depend on restoration of NO availability, prevention of NAD(P)H oxidase-derived oxidant excess, reversal of COX-1 induction and its prostanoid production, and stimulation of endogenous vascular antioxidant defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Savalia K, Manickam DS, Rosenbaugh EG, Tian J, Ahmad IM, Kabanov AV, Zimmerman MC. Neuronal uptake of nanoformulated superoxide dismutase and attenuation of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension after central administration. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:299-307. [PMID: 24924945 PMCID: PMC4116739 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive production of superoxide (O2(-)) in the central nervous system has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including chronic heart failure and hypertension. In an attempt to overcome the failed therapeutic impact of currently available antioxidants in cardiovascular disease, we developed a nanomedicine-based delivery system for the O2(-)-scavenging enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), in which CuZnSOD protein is electrostatically bound to a poly-l-lysine (PLL50)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) block copolymer to form a CuZnSOD nanozyme. Various formulations of CuZnSOD nanozyme are covalently stabilized by either reducible or nonreducible crosslinked bonds between the PLL50-PEG polymers. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that PLL50-PEG CuZnSOD nanozyme delivers active CuZnSOD protein to neurons and decreases blood pressure in a mouse model of angiotensin II (AngII)-dependent hypertension. As determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, nanozymes retain full SOD enzymatic activity compared to native CuZnSOD protein. Nonreducible CuZnSOD nanozyme delivers active CuZnSOD protein to central neurons in culture (CATH.a neurons) without inducing significant neuronal toxicity. Furthermore, in vivo studies conducted in adult male C57BL/6 mice demonstrate that hypertension established by chronic subcutaneous infusion of AngII is significantly attenuated for up to 7 days after a single intracerebroventricular injection of nonreducible nanozyme. These data indicate the efficacy of nonreducible PLL50-PEG CuZnSOD nanozyme in counteracting excessive O2(-) and decreasing blood pressure in AngII-dependent hypertensive mice after central administration. Additionally, this study supports the further development of PLL50-PEG CuZnSOD nanozyme as an antioxidant-based therapeutic option for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Savalia
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Devika S Manickam
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanomedicine in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erin G Rosenbaugh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; School of Allied Health Professionals, and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanomedicine in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species, vascular Noxs, and hypertension: focus on translational and clinical research. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:164-82. [PMID: 23600794 PMCID: PMC3880913 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that are important in physiological processes, including host defense, aging, and cellular homeostasis. Increased ROS bioavailability and altered redox signaling (oxidative stress) have been implicated in the onset and/or progression of chronic diseases, including hypertension. RECENT ADVANCES Although oxidative stress may not be the only cause of hypertension, it amplifies blood pressure elevation in the presence of other pro-hypertensive factors, such as salt loading, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and sympathetic hyperactivity, at least in experimental models. A major source for ROS in the cardiovascular-renal system is a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (Noxs), including the prototypic Nox2-based Nox, and Nox family members: Nox1, Nox4, and Nox5. CRITICAL ISSUES Although extensive experimental data support a role for increased ROS levels and altered redox signaling in the pathogenesis of hypertension, the role in clinical hypertension is unclear, as a direct causative role of ROS in blood pressure elevation has yet to be demonstrated in humans. Nevertheless, what is becoming increasingly evident is that abnormal ROS regulation and aberrant signaling through redox-sensitive pathways are important in the pathophysiological processes which is associated with vascular injury and target-organ damage in hypertension. FUTURE DIRECTIONS There is a paucity of clinical information related to the mechanisms of oxidative stress and blood pressure elevation, and a few assays accurately measure ROS directly in patients. Such further ROS research is needed in humans and in the development of adequately validated analytical methods to accurately assess oxidative stress in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, United Kingdom
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50
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Abstract
Physiological and pathological roles for small non-encoding miRNAs (microRNAs) in the cardiovascular system have recently emerged and are now widely studied. The discovery of widespread functions of miRNAs has increased the complexity of gene-regulatory processes and networks in both the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, it has recently been shown that miRNAs are implicated in the regulation of many of the steps leading to the development of cardiovascular disease. These findings represent novel aspects in miRNA biology and, therefore, our understanding of the role of these miRNAs during the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is critical for the development of novel therapies and diagnostic interventions. The present review will focus on understanding how miRNAs are involved in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases.
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