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Lu X, Chen Z, Lu J, Watsky M. Effects of Topical 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Diabetic, Vitamin D Deficient and Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mouse Corneal Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1065. [PMID: 37509101 PMCID: PMC10377579 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed or prolonged corneal wound healing and non-healing corneas put patients at risk for ocular surface infections and subsequent stromal opacification, resulting in discomfort or visual loss. It is important to enhance corneal wound healing efficiency and quality. Vitamin D (Vit D) is both a hormone and a vitamin, and its insufficiency has been linked to immune disorders and diabetes. For this study, wound healing and recruitment of CD45+ cells into the wound area of normoglycemic and diabetic mice were examined following corneal epithelial debridement and treatment with 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D). Treatment with topical 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) resulted in significantly increased corneal wound healing rates of normoglycemic, diabetic and diabetic Vit D deficient mice. Furthermore, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D) significantly increased corneal wound healing of diabetic Vit D deficient and Vit D receptor knockout (VDR KO) mice. In addition, CD45+ cell numbers were reduced in diabetic and VDR KO mouse corneas compared to normoglycemic mice, and 24,25 Vit D increased the recruitment of CD45+ cells to diabetic mouse corneas after epithelial debridement. CD45+ cells were found to infiltrate into the corneal basal epithelial layer after corneal epithelial debridement. Our data indicate that topical Vit D promotes corneal wound healing and further supports previous work that the Vit D corneal wound healing effect is not totally VDR-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitchell Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Chen L, Yang M, Zhu W, Su Y, Li D, Wang T. Multi-Omics Analysis After Vaginal Administration of Bacteroides fragilis in Chickens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846011. [PMID: 35250960 PMCID: PMC8888936 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive tract of chickens is an important organ for egg formation. The vagina is in close contact with the external environment, which may lead to the invasion of a variety of pathogenic bacteria, affect the internal and external quality of eggs, and even increase mortality and cause economic loss. In recent years, probiotics as a substitute for antibiotics have brought economic benefits in livestock and poultry production. In the present study, we investigated the effects of vaginal administration of Bacteroides fragilis on the cloacal microbiota, vaginal transcriptome and metabolomics of chickens and evaluated the beneficial potential of B. fragilis. The results showed that B. fragilis treatment could affect the microbial composition of the cloaca. Transcriptome analysis found that the immune-related genes CCN3, HAS2, and RICTOR were upregulated, that the inflammatory genes EDNRB, TOX, and NKX2-3 were downregulated, and that DEGs were also enriched in the regulation of the inflammatory response, cellular metabolism, and synaptic response pathways. In addition, the differential metabolites were mainly related to steroid hormone biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism, and we identified associations between specific differential metabolites and genes. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for the application of B. fragilis as a potential probiotic in livestock and poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maosen Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Radkar P, Lakshmanan PS, Mary JJ, Chaudhary S, Durairaj SK. A Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Reduces Inflammation of the Eye and Improves Production and Quality of Tears in Humans. Ophthalmol Ther 2021; 10:581-599. [PMID: 34129210 PMCID: PMC8319251 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dry eye is a multifactorial condition of the eye caused by insufficient tear production and imbalance in tear composition leading to faster evaporation of tear fluid. It is also associated with inflammation that often leads to ocular surface damage. Symptoms of dry eyes include itchiness, soreness, red eyes, a burning sensation, eye fatigue and blurred vision. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of our multi-ingredient supplement in subjects with dry eye syndrome (DES). METHODS We recruited 60 subjects with mild to moderate DES who were randomized in a 1:1 ratio in a single-center study to receive LCD (lutein 20 mg, zeaxanthin 4 mg, curcumin 200 mg curcuminoids, vitamin D3 600 IU) or placebo (soybean oil) capsules for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes evaluated were changes in tear volume by Schirmer's test and ocular symptoms by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI); secondary outcomes included evaluation of changes in Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire, tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining, tear osmolarity, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), artificial tear use and safety assessments. The outcomes were compared between the LCD and placebo groups at baseline and day 56 of supplementation. RESULTS Fifty-nine subjects, 30 from LCD and 29 from placebo group, completed the study. The LCD group showed significant improvements (P < 0.0001) for Schirmer's test, OSDI, TBUT, SPEED, ocular staining scores, tear osmolarity (P = 0.0005), MMP-9 (P = 0.0017) and reduced artificial tear use (P = 0.0004) and its frequency of use (P < 0.0001) in subjects compared to placebo from baseline to day 56. No safety issues were observed in the study. CONCLUSION The LCD supplement showed significant improvements in the production, stability and quality of tears by reducing ocular surface damage and tear inflammation and can be used as an adjuvant to artificial tears in subjects with DES. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry of India (http://ctri.nic.in/) identifier: CTRI/2021/01/030493.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Radkar
- Lifepoint Multispeciality Hospital, 145/1, Mumbai-Bangalore Highway, Wakad, Pune, Maharashtra, 411057, India
| | - Prabhu Shankar Lakshmanan
- G7 Synergon Private Limited, 537, 5th Main, 9th Cross, Sahakarnagar Post, Tatanagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560092, India
| | - Jenet Jemila Mary
- G7 Synergon Private Limited, 537, 5th Main, 9th Cross, Sahakarnagar Post, Tatanagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560092, India
| | - Sunil Chaudhary
- Lifepoint Multispeciality Hospital, 145/1, Mumbai-Bangalore Highway, Wakad, Pune, Maharashtra, 411057, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Durairaj
- G7 Synergon Private Limited, 537, 5th Main, 9th Cross, Sahakarnagar Post, Tatanagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560092, India.
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Jabbehdari S, Yazdanpanah G, Chen E, Afsharkhamseh N, Ghassemi M, Anwar KN, Fonteh C, Djalilian AR, Kang KB. Dose-dependent therapeutic effects of topical 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 on corneal wound healing. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4083-4091. [PMID: 34028652 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 on corneal wound healing. Therefore, we undertook this study to determine whether the observed differences are dose related. The dose-dependent effects of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 on corneal wound healing were evaluated using scratch assays on human corneal limbal-epithelial cells (HCLEs) and in vivo mouse corneal epithelial debridement. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3, macrophages were stimulated by a Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) ligand followed by treatment with the 10-6 M, 10-7 M and 10-8 M 1,25 OH-vitamin D3. 10-7 M 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 induced faster scratch wound closure compared with the other concentrations of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 tested (10-6 M and 10-8 M), and 0.02% ethanol as a control (85.8 ± 2.6%, 33.9 ± 6.74%, 32.6 ± 3.35%, and 31.6 ± 3.99%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Single-time treatment with 10-7 M 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 also significantly improved the healing of mouse corneal epithelial wound compared to multiple treatments and control (74.1 ± 17.3% vs. 52.4 ± 11.6% and 45.8 ± 13.4%, respectively). Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly [I:C])-stimulated macrophage cells and 10-7 M 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 significantly decreased gene expression of ICAM1, TLR3, IL6, IL8, and TNFα (P < 0.0001). Our results suggest the dose-dependent therapeutic effect of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 in corneal wound healing which can be potentially used as a non-invasive option in the treatment of corneal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayena Jabbehdari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Eric Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Neda Afsharkhamseh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Mahmood Ghassemi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Khandaker N Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Cheryl Fonteh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA.
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Bilak Ş, Yılmaz S, Bilgin B. Comparison of vitamin D levels between patients with pterygium and healthy subjects. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3057-3064. [PMID: 33881669 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare vitamin D (VD) deficiency frequency among patients with pterygium to that of healthy subjects and to investigate the VD deficiency among patients with pterygium. METHODS One-hundred eight pterygium patients and 94 healthy subjects were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from groups during the same time interval and the samples were saved. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathormone (PTH) levels were measured and analyzed. RESULTS The pterygium group consisted of 57 female and 51 male patients, while the control group consisted of 47 female and 47 male patients. The mean age, sex and mean BMI were similar in the two groups (p > 0.05). The percentage of time that individuals spent outdoors was higher in the pterygium group (p = 0.02). The percentage of VD deficiency was 83.3% in the pterygium group and 61.7% in the control group (p = 0.001). There was a positive correlation between VD and time spent outdoors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS VD deficiency can play a role in pterygium etiopathogenesis. Wide population-based studies in different regions are needed to evaluate this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şemsettin Bilak
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Burak Bilgin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medicalpark Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Muz OE, Orhan C, Erten F, Tuzcu M, Ozercan IH, Singh P, Morde A, Padigaru M, Rai D, Sahin K. A Novel Integrated Active Herbal Formulation Ameliorates Dry Eye Syndrome by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Enhancing Glycosylated Phosphoproteins in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100295. [PMID: 33036453 PMCID: PMC7599565 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a chronic condition of the eye with insufficient production of tears leading to inadequate lubrication of eyes. Symptoms of DES are associated with discomfort and redness of the eye, blurred vision, and tear film instability which leads to the damaged ocular surface. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, the protective effect of different doses (100 or 200 mg/kg) of a novel multi-component oral formulation of lutein/zeaxanthin, curcumin, and vitamin D3 (LCD) was evaluated using a rat model with benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye syndrome. The formulation was administered orally to rats for 4 weeks. We observed a significant improvement in tear volume, tear breakup time, tear film integrity, and reduction in overall inflammation in rats fed with the LCD at dose 200 mg/kg performing better than 100 mg/kg. Furthermore, the formulation helped in lowering oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant levels and restored protective tear protein levels including MUC1, MUC4, and MUC5AC with 200 mg of LCD having the most significant effect. The results strongly suggest that the combination of lutein/zeaxanthin, curcumin, and vitamin-D3 is effective in alleviating the symptoms of dry eye condition with a multi-modal mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Ersin Muz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eskisehir Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskisehir 26190, Turkey;
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Fusun Erten
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (F.E.); (M.T.)
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (F.E.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Prafull Singh
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Phoenix House, T- 8, A Wing 462 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013, India; (P.S.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Abhijeet Morde
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Phoenix House, T- 8, A Wing 462 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013, India; (P.S.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Muralidhara Padigaru
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Phoenix House, T- 8, A Wing 462 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013, India; (P.S.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Deshanie Rai
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Phoenix House, T- 8, A Wing 462 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013, India; (P.S.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-4242373938
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Bi CS, Wang J, Qu HL, Li X, Tian BM, Ge S, Chen FM. Calcitriol suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar bone damage in rats by regulating T helper cell subset polarization. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:612-623. [PMID: 31095745 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the immunomodulatory properties of calcitriol in bone metabolism have been documented for decades, its therapeutic role in the management of periodontitis remains largely unexplored. In this study, we hypothesized that calcitriol suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar bone loss by regulating T helper (Th) cell subset polarization. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of calcitriol intervention on the development of LPS-induced periodontitis in rats in terms of bone loss (micro-CT analysis), local inflammatory infiltration levels, the number of osteoclasts (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and the level of osteoclastogenesis (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase method). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression levels of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) as well as the cytokine levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-17, and IL-10 throughout the LPS-injected region. Finally, the polarization potential of Th cells in peripheral blood was analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Calcitriol intervention decreased alveolar bone loss in response to LPS injection and inflammatory cell infiltration. Analysis of osteoclast number and RANKL and OPG expression showed that bone resorption activity was largely suppressed in response to calcitriol administration, along with decreased IL-17 levels but increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels in periodontal tissues (the LPS-injected region). Similarly, the percentages of Th2 and Treg cells in peripheral blood increased, but the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells decreased in rats receiving calcitriol. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that calcitriol can be used to inhibit bone loss in experimental periodontitis, likely via the regulation of local and systemic Th cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Lei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Reheem RNAMA, Fattah MAHMA. Serum vitamin D and parathormone (PTH) concentrations as predictors of the development and severity of diabetic retinopathy. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Vitamin D as a Principal Factor in Mediating Rheumatoid Arthritis-Derived Immune Response. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3494937. [PMID: 31205940 PMCID: PMC6530219 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3494937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic multifactorial autoimmune disorder. The interactions between diverse environmental and genetic factors lead to the onset of this complex autoimmune disorder. Serum levels of vitamin D (VD) are involved in the regulation of various immune responses. Vitamin D is a key signaling molecule in the human body that maintains calcium as well as phosphate homeostasis. It also regulates the functions of the immune system and, thus, can play a substantial role in the etiology of various autoimmune disorders, including RA. Low serum VD levels have been found to be associated with a higher risk of RA, although this finding has not been replicated consistently. The molecular mechanisms by which VD influences autoimmunity need to be further explored to understand how variation in plasma VD levels could affect the pathogenesis of RA. This mini-review focuses on the influence of VD and its serum levels on RA susceptibility, RA-associated complexities, treatment, and transcriptome products of key proinflammatory cytokines, along with other cytokines that are key regulators of inflammation in rheumatoid joints.
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Shirvani SS, Nouri M, Sakhinia E, Babaloo Z, Mohammadzaeh A, Alipour S, Jadideslam G, Khabbazi A. The molecular and clinical evidence of vitamin D signaling as a modulator of the immune system: Role in Behçet's disease. Immunol Lett 2019; 210:10-19. [PMID: 30935876 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Various tissues and cell types are the targets of vitamin D. However, the major targets of vitamin D in the immune system are monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), as well as B and T cells. Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system modulation via regulating the expression of genes that generate pro-inflammatory mediators and inhibiting the proliferation of pro-inflammatory cells, both of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of the inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have revealed the important relations between vitamin D and Behçet's disease (BD). Vitamin D function and its deficiency have been linked to a wide range of metabolic disorders including malignant, cardiovascular, infectious, neuromuscular, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we provide a brief analysis of the recent literature regarding immune-regulatory effects as well as clinical evidence of vitamin D influence on the molecular level in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Seydi Shirvani
- Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Tabriz Genetic Analysis Centre (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, 516661557, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Department of Immunology Medicine faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadzaeh
- Department of Immunology and Genetic, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahriar Alipour
- Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golamreza Jadideslam
- Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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Miró-Canturri A, Ayerbe-Algaba R, Smani Y. Drug Repurposing for the Treatment of Bacterial and Fungal Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 30745898 PMCID: PMC6360151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose a well-recognized global health threat that demands effective solutions; the situation is deemed a global priority by the World Health Organization and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Therefore, the development of new antimicrobial therapeutic strategies requires immediate attention to avoid the ten million deaths predicted to occur by 2050 as a result of MDR bacteria. The repurposing of drugs as therapeutic alternatives for infections has recently gained renewed interest. As drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, information about their pharmacological characteristics in preclinical and clinical trials is available. Therefore, the time and economic costs required to evaluate these drugs for other therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, are mitigated. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the scientific evidence on potential non-antimicrobial drugs targeting bacteria and fungi. In particular, we aim to: (i) list the approved drugs identified in drug screens as potential alternative treatments for infections caused by MDR pathogens; (ii) review their mechanisms of action against bacteria and fungi; and (iii) summarize the outcome of preclinical and clinical trials investigating approved drugs that target these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Miró-Canturri
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Ayerbe-Algaba
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Younes Smani
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Dai Y, Zhang J, Xiang J, Li Y, Wu D, Xu J. Calcitriol inhibits ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis via activation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling in hyperosmotic stress stimulated human corneal epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101093. [PMID: 30611121 PMCID: PMC6313824 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The activation of ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis induced by hyperosmotic stress (HS) has been recognized as a key priming stage of epithelial inflammation in dry eye pathogenesis. The current study aims to investigate whether calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D3, could protect cells against HS-induced inflammation through modulating this critical step. Methods Human corneal epithelial cells (iHCECs) were cultured in hyperosmotic medium (450 mOsM) with various concentrations of calcitriol. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in iHCECs. NLRP3 activation and IL-1β generation were detected by RT-qPCR or ELISA, respectively. Oxidative stress markers including ROS and 8-OHdG were examined by fluorometric analysis. The nuclear translocation of NRF2 was assessed by western blotting. Results Calcitriol could protect cells against HS-induced injury through inhibiting ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis. Calcitriol remarkably suppressed the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome related genes and the production of IL-1β in cells that were exposed to HS. It could also significantly attenuate HS-induced oxidative stress, shown as the reduced intracellular ROS generation and 8-OHdG staining cells after calcitriol treatment. Calcitriol induced the translocation of NRF2 to the nucleus, and thereby triggered the expression of several antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion The current study indicated that calcitriol could inhibit the priming stage of HS-induced cellular inflammation, highlighting its potential capacity to prevent and mitigate dry eye related corneal inflammation at an earlier stage. The activation of ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis is a key priming stage of epithelial inflammation in dry eye pathogenesis. Calcitriol could protect cells against HS-induced cytotoxicity through inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis. The protective effect of calcitriol is associated with the activation of the NRF2-antioxidant signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China..
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13
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Chun YH, Paik JS, Oh JH, Kim HS, Na KS. Association between pterygium, sun exposure, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin in a nationally representative sample of Korean adults. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:260. [PMID: 30453963 PMCID: PMC6245817 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ultraviolet-B (UVB) light exposure is the major risk factor for developing a pterygium, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level is an objective measure of UVB light exposure. In this study, we investigated the association between pterygium, sun exposure, and serum 25(OH)D. Methods This population-based, cross-sectional study comprised 12,258 adults (aged ≥19 years) participating in the fifth annual Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2012. The enrolled subjects underwent interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory investigations. The serum 25(OH)D levels were measured, and pterygium was examined by using a slit lamp. We used three adjusted logistic regression models and selected covariates as potential confounders. Results The overall prevalence of pterygium was 7.09, and 53.1% of these subjects were women. The prevalence of pterygium was higher in elderly subjects and those who lived at low latitudes. In multivariate analysis with adjustment for confounding factors, subjects with a serum 25(OH)D level > 30 ng/mL, 25–30 ng/mL, and 15–20 ng/mL had an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.565 (1.035–2.366), 1.545 (1.086–2.198), 1.8 (1.358–2.386), and 1.535 (1.216–1.938), respectively, compared to those with a serum 25(OH)D level < 15 ng/mL. Subjects with a daily sun exposure > 5 h had an OR (95% CI) of 1.761 (1.395–2.223) compared to subjects with a daily sun exposure < 2 h. Conclusion The present study provides epidemiological evidence of an association of daily sun exposure and serum 25(OH)D levels with pterygium in a representative Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hong Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Heun Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Na
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kutlehria S, Vhora I, Bagde A, Chowdhury N, Behl G, Patel K, Singh M. Tacrolimus Loaded PEG-Cholecalciferol Based Micelles for Treatment of Ocular Inflammation. Pharm Res 2018; 35:117. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Jamali N, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Vitamin D and regulation of vascular cell function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H753-H765. [PMID: 29351464 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00319.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is linked to pathogenesis of many diseases including cardiovascular, cancer, and various eye diseases. In recent years, important roles for vitamin D in regulation of immune function, inflammation, angiogenesis, and aging have been demonstrated. Thus, vitamin D and its analogs have been evaluated for the treatment of various types of cancer and chronic diseases. We have previously shown that the active form of vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. This activity is consistent with the important role proposed for vitamin D and its analogs in the mitigation of tumor growth through inhibition of angiogenesis. Here, we review the important nutritional value of vitamin D and the abnormalities linked to its deficiency. We will explore its potential role as a regulator of angiogenesis and vascular cell function and the role vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression plays in these activities during vascular development and neovascularization. Our studies have established an important role for 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR in the regulation of perivascular supporting cell function. In addition, the interaction of 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR is essential for these activities and inhibition of neovascularization. Delineating the signaling pathways involved and identification of genes that are the target of 1,25(OH)2D3 regulation in vascular cells will allow us to identify novel pathways that are targets for regulation of vascular function and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Jamali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
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Zhang J, Dai Y, Wu D, Xu J. Calcitriol, the Active Metabolite of Vitamin D 3, Inhibits Dry Eye Related Corneal Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 27:257-265. [PMID: 29039981 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1372486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the influence of topical administration of calcitriol on dry eye (DE) related corneal inflammation. METHODS Benzalkonium chloride (BAC, 0.2%) was applied to induce DE. Then rats were treated topically with calcitriol (10-6μM). Tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score, inflammatory index, and tear volume were measured. Corneal epithelium damage and corneal inflammation were examined by H&E staining or RT-qPCR. In vitro, human corneal epithelial cells (iHCEC) were cultured in hyperosmotic medium (450 mOsM) with various concentrations of calcitriol. Levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were measured by RT-qPCR or ELISA. NF-κB activation was examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Calcitriol significantly ameliorated DE symptoms, attenuating corneal inflammation. In vitro studies showed that calcitriol significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in iHCECs under hyperosmotic stress, probably through inhibiting NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that calcitriol might be a potential therapeutic agent for DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health , Shanghai , China
| | - Yiqin Dai
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health , Shanghai , China
| | - Dan Wu
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health , Shanghai , China
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Alhassan Mohammed H, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Mirshafiey A, Vahedi H, Shiri-Shahsavar MR, Mousavi Nasl Khameneh A. Immunomodulatory and Immunosuppressive Roles of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in Autoimmune Diseases. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:95-103. [PMID: 27896829 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are pathological conditions characterized by abnormal responses, accompanied by autoantibodies to self-molecules. The role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases has increased significantly in the recent past from its functions in calcium and phosphate homoeostasis, and it is now involved in the regulations and proliferations of Th1 and Th17 lymphocyte. 1α,25(OH)2D3 is very important in ameliorations of inflammatory disorders arising from autoimmune diseases, but the mechanism by which this is performed is still a bone of contentions. This review aimed to highlight the existing facts about the roles of Vitamin D in the treatment and management of autoimmune diseases. An extensive online literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE and Scopus. Accumulated bodies of research evidence are available which demonstrates that Vitamin D has a very important part to play in the regulation of immune responses in autoimmune diseases. Some of the authors suggested that Vitamin D3 carry-out its immunosuppressive and immune modulatory action, through its actions on antigen-presenting cells and activated T and B cells with the help of Vitamin D receptors present on the each of these cells. Vitamin D supplementation assists in autoimmune disorders by making qualitative and quantitative changes in the immune system (downregulation of Th1 and upregulations of Th2 cells). This resulted in the body to be more tolerant of self and less likely to mount autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Alhassan Mohammed
- Department of Pathobiology/Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
| | - A A Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Pathobiology/Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mirshafiey
- Department of Pathobiology/Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Vahedi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Shiri-Shahsavar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus. TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mousavi Nasl Khameneh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus. TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
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Reins RY, Baidouri H, McDermott AM. Vitamin D Activation and Function in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells During TLR-Induced Inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:7715-27. [PMID: 26641549 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D is recognized to be an important modulator of the immune system. In the eye, studies have shown that deficiencies and genetic differences in vitamin D-related genes have a significant impact on the development of various ocular diseases. Our current study examines the ability of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) to activate vitamin D and the effect of vitamin D treatment on antimicrobial peptide production and cytokine modulation during inflammation, with the ultimate goal of using vitamin D therapeutically for corneal inflammation. METHODS Human corneal epithelial cells were treated with 10-7M vitamin D3 (D3) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) for 24 hours and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) detected by immunoassay. Human cathelicidin (LL-37) expression was examined by RT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunostaining following 1,25D3 treatment and antimicrobial activity of 1,25D3-treated cells was determined. Cells were stimulated with TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly[I:C]) for 24 hours and cytokine levels measured by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Luminex. Immunostaining determined expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid inducible gene-1 receptor (RIG-1) as well as NF-κB nuclear translocation. RESULTS When treated with inactive vitamin D metabolites, HCEC produced active 1,25D3, leading to enhanced expression of the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, dependent on VDR. 1,25-D3 decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and CCL20) and MMP-9 induced by Poly(I:C) as well as pattern recognition receptor expression (TLR3, RIG-1, MDA5). However, early activation of NF-κB was not affected. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate the protective ability of vitamin D to attenuate proinflammatory mediators while increasing antimicrobial peptides and antipseudomonas activity in corneal cells, and further our knowledge on the immunomodulatory functions of the hormone.
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Reins RY, Hanlon SD, Magadi S, McDermott AM. Effects of Topically Applied Vitamin D during Corneal Wound Healing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152889. [PMID: 27035345 PMCID: PMC4817982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important regulator of immune function and largely acts to dampen chronic inflammatory events in a variety of tissues. There is also accumulating evidence that vitamin D acts to enhance initial inflammation, beneficial during both infection and wound healing, and then promotes resolution and prevention of chronic, damaging inflammation. The current study examines the effect of topical vitamin D in a mouse of model of corneal epithelial wound healing, where acute inflammation is necessary for efficient wound closure. At 12 and 18 hours post-wounding, vitamin D treatment significantly delayed wound closure by ~17% and increased infiltration of neutrophils into the central cornea. Basal epithelial cell division, corneal nerve density, and levels of VEGF, TGFβ, IL-1β, and TNFα were unchanged. However, vitamin D increased the production of the anti-microbial peptide CRAMP 12 hours after wounding. These data suggest a possible role for vitamin D in modulating corneal wound healing and have important implications for therapeutic use of vitamin D at the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Y. Reins
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samuel D. Hanlon
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sri Magadi
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alison M. McDermott
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits corneal wound healing in an ex-vivo mouse model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:717-24. [PMID: 26794222 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired healing of corneal injuries can result in ulceration and complete loss of vision, especially in the elderly. Such patients frequently also exhibit vitamin D insufficiency. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the active vitamin D metabolite. As it affects cell proliferation and inflammation, we herein aimed at elucidating its influence on corneal wound healing after alkali burn by using in vitro and ex vivo techniques. METHODS mRNA abundance in human corneal epithelial cells in response to vitamin D3 was determined by RT-PCR. Corneal re-epithelialization after alkaline burn was analyzed using enucleated mouse eyes and fluorescein staining. RESULTS Human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) expressed the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR) and were responsive to 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3, as shown by induction of the 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 responsive gene cyp-24A1 and slightly reduced abundance of IL-6 mRNA. However, no effect on cell vitality and migration was observed. In contrast, re-epithelialization of mouse corneas ex vivo was dose dependently inhibited by 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that topically applied 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 does not seem to be suitable for therapy of corneal lesions.
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Nouari W, Ysmail-Dahlouk L, Aribi M. Vitamin D3 enhances bactericidal activity of macrophage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 30:94-101. [PMID: 26655879 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioactive form of vitamin D3, i.e.1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) vitamin D has been shown to modulate monocytes/macrophages physiology and its response against bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that can most frequently be fatal in immunocompromised infected people. METHODS We investigated the ex vivo effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on monocyte-derived macrophages function against P. aeruginosa infection. RESULTS Relative vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA expression was significantly increased in infected and 1,25(OH)2D3-treated macrophages compared to controls (p<0.01). Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 markedly resulted in up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1β production and down-regulation of IL-10 levels (respectively, p=0.029, p=0.048 and p=0.008). Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased M1/M2 macrophage ratio (p<0.05) and slightly reduced intracellular bacterial development. Furthermore, the arginase activity, P. aeruginosa phagocytosis and killing were significantly increased in cells that were both infected and 1,25(OH)2D3-treated compared to the infected, but not 1,25(OH)2D3-treated macrophages (respectively, p<0.001, p<0.01 and p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS We show in this study that bioactive from of vitamin D [1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3)] can enhance M1 macrophage polarization and their bactericidal protective activity against P. aeruginosa. Future works would involve improving the treatment response through dose-dependent effect studies, both in ex vivo and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Nouari
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Lamia Ysmail-Dahlouk
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
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Rao P, Millen AE, Meyers KJ, Liu Z, Voland R, Sondel S, Tinker L, Wallace RB, Blodi BA, Binkley N, Sarto G, Robinson J, LeBlanc E, Mares JA. The Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Nuclear Cataract in the Carotenoid Age-Related Eye Study (CAREDS), an Ancillary Study of the Women's Health Initiative. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:4221-30. [PMID: 26132781 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and nuclear cataract among participants of the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS), an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS). METHODS Nuclear cataract was assessed from slit lamp photographs (2001-2004) taken 6 years after collecting serum analyzed for 25(OH)D levels at WHI baseline (1994-1998) in 1278 CAREDS participants age 50 to 79 years. Multivariate (age, iris color, smoking, pulse pressure) odds ratios (ORs) for nuclear cataract (nuclear opacities > level 4 or cataract extraction) by quintiles of serum 25(OH)D were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS No significant association was observed between serum 25(OH)D and nuclear cataract among women of all ages (age-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.97 [0.65-1.45]). However, there was a significant age interaction (P for interaction = 0.04). There were no significant associations in the women 70 years or older. In women younger than 70 years, we observed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and nuclear cataract (multivariate adjusted ORs [95% CI] 0.54 [0.29-0.99] and 0.66 [0.36-1.20] for quintiles 4 and 5 vs. 1, respectively; P = 0.03). Further adjustment for 25(OH)D determinants (body mass index, vitamin D intake, and UVB exposure) attenuated this association. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D levels were unrelated to nuclear opacities in this study sample. However, exploratory analyses suggest a protective association in women younger than 70 years. Further investigations of the relationship between vitamin D and nuclear lens opacities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prethy Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Kristin J Meyers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rickie Voland
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sheri Sondel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Barbara A Blodi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Neil Binkley
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gloria Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jennifer Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Erin LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Julie A Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Vitamin D inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response potentially through the Toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway in the intestine and enterocytes of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1560-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D both in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) in vivo and in enterocytes in vitro. In primary enterocytes, exposure to 10 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/l increased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the culture medium (P<0·05) and resulted in a significant loss of cell viability (P<0·05). LPS exposure increased (P<0·05) the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8), which was decreased by pre-treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D3) in a dose-dependent manner (P<0·05). Further results showed that pre-treatment with 1,25D3 down-regulated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression (P<0·05), suggesting potential mechanisms against LPS-induced inflammatory response. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of LPS significantly increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression in the intestine of carp (P<0·05). Pre-treatment of fish with vitamin D3 protected the fish intestine from the LPS-induced increase of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 mainly by downregulating TLR4, Myd88 and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression (P<0·05). These observations suggest that vitamin D could inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory response in juvenile Jian carp in vivo and in enterocytes in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D is mediated at least in part by TLR4-Myd88 signalling pathways in the intestine and enterocytes of juvenile Jian carp.
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Zhong X, Du Y, Lei Y, Liu N, Guo Y, Pan T. Effects of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and clinical characteristics on risk of diabetic retinopathy in Han Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. Gene 2015; 566:212-6. [PMID: 25899017 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of VDR polymorphism with development of retinopathy in a Han Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 204 T2DM patients were subdivided into groups without diabetic retinopathy (NDR, n=110) and those with DR (n=94). VDR rs2228570 (FokI:C>T), rs1544410 (BsmI:G>A), and rs7975232 (Apal:A>C) polymorphism was assayed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Diabetes duration (10.0 vs. 5.0 years, P<0.01) was longer, systolic blood pressure (143.98 ± 24.31 vs. 135.11 ± 15.23, P<0.01), and HbA1c (9.2 ± 2.06 vs. 8.35 ± 1.62, P<0.01) were higher in DR than in NDR patients. Distribution frequencies of the rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs7975232 genotypes followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. VDR rs2228570 TT genotype frequency was significantly higher in DR (n=30; 31.9%) than in NDR patients (n=14; 12.7%; P<0.01). DR patients carried more rs2228570 T alleles (n=113; 60.1%) than did NDR patients (n=89; 40.5%; P<0.01). Genotype frequencies of rs1544410 and rs7975232 in NDR and DR patients were not different. Logistic analysis confirmed that diabetes duration (odds ratio (OR) 1.108, P<0.01), SBP (OR 1.022, P<0.05), HbA1c (OR 1.267, P<0.05), and the VDR rs2228570 T allele (OR 1.467, P<0.01) were independently associated with DR risk. TAA haplotype frequency was significantly higher in DR (24.0%) than in NDR (16.1%) patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes duration, SBP, HbA1c, and the rs2228570 T allele were associated with increased risk of DR. VDR rs2228570 might be good candidate biomarker of DR in Han Chinese T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, PR China
| | - Yijun Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, PR China
| | - Yuan Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Nina Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, PR China
| | - Yanyun Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, PR China
| | - Tianrong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, PR China.
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Activation of vitamin D regulates response of human bronchial epithelial cells to Aspergillus fumigatus in an autocrine fashion. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:208491. [PMID: 25960612 PMCID: PMC4413954 DOI: 10.1155/2015/208491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is one of the most common fungi to cause diseases in humans. Recent evidence has demonstrated that airway epithelial cells play an important role in combating A. fumigatus through inflammatory responses. Human airway epithelial cells have been proven to synthesize the active vitamin D, which plays a key role in regulating inflammation. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of A. fumigatus infection on the activation of vitamin D and the role of vitamin D activation in A. fumigatus-elicited antifungal immunity in normal human airway epithelial cells. We found that A. fumigatus swollen conidia (SC) induced the expression of 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of active vitamin D, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in 16HBE cells and led to increased local generation of active vitamin D. Locally activated vitamin D amplified SC-induced expression of antimicrobial peptides in 16HBE cells but attenuated SC-induced production of cytokines in an autocrine fashion. Furthermore, we identified β-glucan, the major A. fumigatus cell wall component, as the causative agent for upregulation of 1α-hydroxylase and VDR in 16HBE cells. Therefore, activation of vitamin D is inducible and provides a bidirectional regulation of the responses to A. fumigatus in 16HBE cells.
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Yin SC, Liao EC, Chiu CL, Chang CY, Tsai JJ. Der p2 Internalization by Epithelium Synergistically Augments Toll-like Receptor-Mediated Proinflammatory Signaling. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 7:393-403. [PMID: 25749775 PMCID: PMC4446638 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.4.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose House-dust-mite (HDM) major allergen Der p2 shares homology and function with Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling protein myeloid differentiation-2 (MD2) and may lead to airway inflammation. Should Der p2 be internalized by human airway epithelium, it has the theoretical propensity to potentiate epithelium activation. This study aimed to demonstrate the internalization of Der p2 by airway epithelium and to investigate the effects of Der p2 on MD2 expression and epithelium activation. Methods Internalization of recombinant, enhanced green fluorescent protein-labelled Der p2 (rDer p2-EGFP) into human airway epithelium (BEAS-2B) was tracked by laser confocal microscopy and confirmed by immunoblotting. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the effect of Der p2 on MD2 expression in vitro and ex vivo. Expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding receptors/cytokines was measured by RT-PCR. Secretion of interleukin-6/interleukin-8 (IL-6/IL-8) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Internalization of Der p2 by BEAS-2B was confirmed by confocal microscopy and immunoblotting using rDer p2-EGFP and rDer p2, respectively. Expression of MD2 protein was increased in BEAS-2B and human nasal polyp airway epithelium cultured with rDer p2. Recombinant Der p2-cultured BEAS-2B caused little spontaneous IL-6/IL-8 secretion but significantly augmented by TLR ligand LPS. IL-6 secretion was up-regulated after MD2 transfection. Internalization of Der p2 was reduced by TLR2 RNA knockdown. Dexamethasone, calcitriol, anti-MD2/anti-TLR2 antibodies, and signalling inhibitors significantly reduced LPS+Der p2-induced IL-6/IL-8 secretion. Conclusions Human airway epithelium may internalize Der p2, which potentiates the response to environmental proinflammatory stimuli through MD2 and TLRs. This study highlights a novel mechanism and alleviates IL-6/IL-8 secretion in mite-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Chu Yin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - En Chih Liao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.; Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih Liang Chiu
- Instrumentation Center, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching Yun Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw Ji Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Reins RY, McDermott AM. Vitamin D: Implications for ocular disease and therapeutic potential. Exp Eye Res 2015; 134:101-10. [PMID: 25724179 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a multifunctional hormone that is now known to play a significant role in a variety of biological functions in addition to its traditional role in regulating calcium homeostasis. There are a large number of studies demonstrating that adequate vitamin D levels are important in maintaining health and show that vitamin D is able to be utilized at local tissue sites. In the eye, we have increasing evidence of the association between disease and vitamin D. In this narrative review, we summarize recent findings on vitamin D and its relationship to various ocular pathologies and the therapeutic potential for some of these, as well as examine the basic science studies that demonstrate that vitamin D is biologically relevant in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Y Reins
- The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA.
| | - Alison M McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA.
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Quan H, Kim SK, Heo SJ, Koak JY, Lee JH. Optimization of growth inducing factors for colony forming and attachment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells regarding bioengineering application. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6:379-86. [PMID: 25352960 PMCID: PMC4211054 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2014.6.5.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE These days, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received worldwide attention because of their potentiality in tissue engineering for implant dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various growth inducing factors in media for improvement of acquisition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F). MATERIALS AND METHODS The mouse BMMSCs were freshly obtained from female C3H mouse femur and tibia. The cells seeded at the density of 106/dish in media supplemented with different density of fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin (VD3) and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF). After 14 days, CFU-F assay was conducted to analyze the cell attachment and proliferation, and moreover for VD3, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay was additionally conducted. RESULTS The cell proliferation was increased with the increase of FBS concentration (P<.05). The cell proliferation was highest at the density of 20 ng/mL rhEGF compared with 0 ng/mL and 200 ng/mL rhEGF (P<.05). For VD3, although the colony number was increased with the increase of its concentration, the difference was not statistically significant (P>.05). CONCLUSION FBS played the main role in cell attachment and growth, and the growth factor like rhEGF played the additional effect. However, VD3 did not have much efficacy compare with the other two factors. Improvement of the conditions could be adopted to acquire more functional MSCs to apply into bony defect around implants easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Quan
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joo Heo
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Young Koak
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mulligan JK, Nagel W, O'Connell BP, Wentzel J, Atkinson C, Schlosser RJ. Cigarette smoke exposure is associated with vitamin D3 deficiencies in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:342-9. [PMID: 24698317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke (CS) plays a role in the exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS); however, the mechanism for this is unknown. We hypothesize that CS impairs human sinonasal epithelial cell (HSNEC) conversion of 25(OH)D3 (25VD3) to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD3) and, furthermore, that supplementation with 1,25VD3 will reverse smoke-induced inflammatory responses by HSNECs. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effect of CS on vitamin D3 (VD3) levels, conversion, and regulation of CS-induced inflammation in control subjects and patients with CRS. METHODS Blood and sinus tissue explants were collected at the time of surgery from control subjects, patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, and patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Expression of VD3 metabolizing enzymes were measured by using RT-PCR. Primary HSNECs were cultured from tissue explants. 25VD3 with and without cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was used to examine conversion of 25VD3 to 1,25VD3, as well as HSNEC production of proinflammatory cytokines. RESULTS CS exposure was associated with reduced circulating and sinonasal 25VD3 levels in all groups compared with those seen in CS-naive, disease-matched counterparts. CS exposure decreased expression of CYP27B1 and was especially pronounced in patients with CRSwNP. CSE impairs control HSNEC conversion of 25VD3. HSNECs from patients with CRSwNP also demonstrate an intrinsic reduction in conversion of 25VD3 to 1,25VD3. Exogenous 1,25VD3 reduces CSE-induced cytokine production by HSNECs. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to CS is associated with reduced 25VD3 levels and an impaired ability of HSNECs to convert 25VD3 to 1,25VD3. Addition of 1,25VD3 reduces the proinflammatory effects of CS on HSNECs. Impaired VD3 conversion by CS exposure represents a novel mechanism through which CS induces its proinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC.
| | - Whitney Nagel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Brendan P O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jennifer Wentzel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Elizondo RA, Yin Z, Lu X, Watsky MA. Effect of vitamin D receptor knockout on cornea epithelium wound healing and tight junctions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:5245-51. [PMID: 25061117 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our laboratory previously determined that vitamin D3, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and 1α hydroxylase are present and active in the eye. In this study, we examined the effects of VDR knockout on wound healing, the tight junction-associated proteins occludin and ZO-1, and tight junction numbers in mouse corneas. METHODS Epithelial wounds (2-mm) were made with an agar brush on 4-week-old and 10-week-old wild-type, heterozygous, and VDR knockout mouse corneas. Mice were on a normal or high lactose, Ca(2+), and PO₄(-) diet. Wound-healing area was measured over time. Real-time PCR was used to quantify occludin and ZO-1 message expression. Western blot was used for protein expression. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine corneal epithelium and endothelium tight junctions. Immunofluorescence was used to examine epithelial ZO-1 distribution. RESULTS Results showed a decreased healing rate in 10-week-old VDR knockout mice compared with wild-types. Vitamin D receptor knockout mice on the special diet had no difference in healing rate compared with wild-types. Real-time PCR showed decreased expression of occludin and ZO-1 in 10-week-old VDR knockout mice compared with wild-types. Western blot of 10-week-old knockout mouse corneas showed decreased occludin expression compared with wild-types. Transmission electron microscopy showed a significant difference in tight junction numbers in VDR knockouts versus wild-types. Immunofluorescence showed a change in ZO-1 distribution among genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D receptor knockout affects mouse corneal epithelium wound healing and tight junction integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo A Elizondo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zhaohong Yin
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Mitchell A Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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Li P, Xu X, Cao E, Yu B, Li W, Fan M, Huang M, Shi L, Zeng R, Su X, Shi Y. Vitamin D deficiency causes defective resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus in mice via aggravated and sustained inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99805. [PMID: 24926881 PMCID: PMC4057384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D plays an important role in pulmonary resistance and immunity, and its deficiency has been linked to various respiratory infections. Little is known about the effect of vitamin D deficiency on host pulmonary defense to Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). Methods Mice raised on vitamin D sufficient or deficient diets were infected intratracheally with A. fumigatus conidia. Mortality, fungal growth, weight loss and lung histology were monitored. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were stimulated with A. fumigatus conidia in vitro. The kinetics of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), chemokines (CXCL1, CCL3), and pattern recognition receptors (Toll-like receptor [TLR] 2, TLR 4 and dectin-1) expression in the lungs and AMs were measured. Results Upon A. fumigatus infection, vitamin D deficient mice showed higher mortality, greater fungal load, and more weight loss than its sufficient counterparts. Vitamin D deficient mice demonstrated aggravated and prolonged histological evidence of lung inflammation as well as enhanced BAL cell counts, dominated by neutrophils after A. fumigatus inoculation. Increased basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and AMs from naïve vitamin D deficient mice were observed. Upon A. fumigatus exposure, vitamin D deficiency led to enhanced and sustained expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1 and CCL3 both in vivo and in vitro. Up-regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and dectin-1was observed in the lungs and AMs from vitamin D deficient mice both at baseline and after A. fumigatus exposure. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency causes defective pulmonary resistance to A. fumigatus in mice, possibly by the enhanced basal expression of pattern recognition receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which induced excessive inflammatory response in response to A. fumigatus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ehong Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchun Li
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XS); (YS)
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XS); (YS)
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Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized as a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Current consensus surrounding the cause of the disease suggests a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, the intestinal microbiome and environmental factors, leading to the aberrant Th1 and Th17 immune cell mediated response. Vitamin D deficiency is common in CD patients, and long-standing deficiency has been associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Accumulating evidence now suggests that in addition to maintaining skeletal integrity, vitamin D also plays an integral role in regulating the general immune response, a function employed via its genomic actions on the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The VDR is expressed in all immune cells and both directly and indirectly targeted by the bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D). Impaired regulation or deficiency of the vitamin has been linked to the promotion of self-reactive T cell development, loss of immune tolerance to self-structures, and experimental colitis in animal models, whereas the subsequent administration of the vitamin in these models resulted in the improvement of immune-mediated symptoms. In addition, low vitamin D has been associated with disease activity in CD patients, and supplementation appears to be beneficial in improving clinical scores and reducing inflammation. Therefore, the primary aims of this article were to review the molecular evidence supporting the immunoregulatory roles of vitamin D and its supplementation in the CD patient, based on existing literature. The physiological processes, accepted serum concentration values, and its well-recognized role in bone health were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Basson
- Dietetics Department, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
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Abstract
GOALS To determine whether patients with celiac disease (CD) and low vitamin D levels also have a higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases (AD) as compared with patients with normal vitamin D levels. BACKGROUND Patients with CD carry a higher risk of other autoimmune disorders. Because of its immunoregulatory properties, vitamin D deficiency has been proposed in the pathogenesis of a variety of AD. Whether low vitamin D levels in patients with CD can predict concomitant AD is unknown. STUDY A retrospective cross-sectional study of 530 adult patients with CD and a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level on record at Columbia University Medical Center. RESULTS One hundred thirty-three patients (25%) had vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of AD was similar among those with normal vitamin D levels (11%), insufficiency (9%), and deficiency (12%, P=0.66). On multivariate analysis, adjusting for age of CD diagnosis and sex, vitamin D deficiency was not associated with AD (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-2.95). The risk of psoriasis was higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (7% vs. 3%, P=0.04). Vitamin D deficiency was more common in those who presented with anemia (39%) than in those who did not (23% P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency in CD is common but does not predict AD. The risk of psoriasis is increased in vitamin D-deficient CD patients. Assessment of vitamin D seems to be a high-yield practice, especially in those CD patients who present with anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tavakkoli
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Yarwood A, Martin P, Bowes J, Lunt M, Worthington J, Barton A, Eyre S. Enrichment of vitamin D response elements in RA-associated loci supports a role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis of RA. Genes Immun 2013; 14:325-9. [PMID: 23636220 PMCID: PMC3736318 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the role of vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis by investigating the enrichment of vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in confirmed RA susceptibility loci and testing variants associated with vitamin D levels for association with RA. Bioinformatically, VDRE genomic positions were overlaid with non-HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-confirmed RA susceptibility regions. The number of VDREs at RA loci was compared to a randomly selected set of genomic loci to calculate an average relative risk (RR). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DHCR7/NADSYN1 (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthase 1) and CYP2R1 loci, previously associated with circulating vitamin D levels, were tested in UK RA cases (n=3870) and controls (n=8430). Significant enrichment of VDREs was seen at RA loci (P=9.23 × 10(-8)) when regions were defined either by gene (RR 5.50) or position (RR 5.86). SNPs in the DHCR7/NADSYN1 locus showed evidence of positive association with RA, rs4944076 (P=0.008, odds ratio (OR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.24). The significant enrichment of VDREs at RA-associated loci and the modest association of variants in loci-controlling levels of circulating vitamin D supports the hypothesis that vitamin D has a role in the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yarwood
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Pludowski P, Holick MF, Pilz S, Wagner CL, Hollis BW, Grant WB, Shoenfeld Y, Lerchbaum E, Llewellyn DJ, Kienreich K, Soni M. Vitamin D effects on musculoskeletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality-a review of recent evidence. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:976-89. [PMID: 23542507 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal vitamin D intake and its status are important not only for bone and calcium-phosphate metabolism, but also for overall health and well-being. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as a global health problem are likely to be a risk for wide spectrum of acute and chronic illnesses. METHODS A review of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and other evidence of vitamin D action on various health outcomes. RESULTS Adequate vitamin D status seems to be protective against musculoskeletal disorders (muscle weakness, falls, fractures), infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, several types of cancer, neurocognitive dysfunction and mental illness, and other diseases, as well as infertility and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Adequate vitamin D supplementation and sensible sunlight exposure to reach optimal vitamin D status are among the front line factors of prophylaxis for the spectrum of disorders. Supplementation guidance and population strategies for the eradication of vitamin D deficiency must be included in the priorities of physicians, medical professionals and healthcare policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Pludowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
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Tripathi T, Smith AD, Abdi M, Alizadeh H. Acanthamoeba-cytopathic protein induces apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokines in human corneal epithelial cells by cPLA2α activation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:7973-82. [PMID: 23132804 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We have shown that Acanthamoeba interacts with a mannosylated protein on corneal epithelial cells and stimulates trophozoites to secrete a mannose-induced 133 kDa protease (MIP-133), which facilitates corneal invasion and induces apoptosis. The mechanism of MIP-133-induced apoptosis is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if MIP-133 induces apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells via the cytosolic phospholipase A(2α) (cPLA(2α)) pathway. METHODS HCE cells were incubated with or without MIP-133 at doses of 7.5, 15, and 50 μg/mL for 6, 12, and 24 hours. The effects of cPLA(2α) inhibitors on cPLA(2α), arachidonic acid (AA) release, and apoptosis were tested in vitro. Inhibition of cPLA(2α) involved preincubating HCE cells for 1 hour with cPLA(2α) inhibitors (10 μM methyl-arachidonyl fluorophosphonate [MAFP] or 20 μM arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone [AACOCF3]) with or without MIP-133 for 24 hours. Expression of cPLA(2α) mRNA and enzyme was examined by RT-PCR and cPLA(2) activity assays, respectively. Apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells was determined by caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation assays. Expression of IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ was examined by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS MIP-133 induced significant cPLA(2α) (approximately two to four times) and AA release (approximately six times) from corneal cells while cPLA(2α) inhibitors significantly reduced cPLA(2α) (approximately two to four times) and AA release (approximately three times) (P < 0.05). cPLA(2α) inhibitors significantly inhibited MIP-133-induced DNA fragmentation approximately 7 to 12 times in HCE cells (P < 0.05). MIP-133 specifically activates cPLA(2α) enzyme activity in HCE cells, which is blocked by preincubation with anti-MIP-133 antibody. In addition, MIP-133 induced significant IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ production, approximately two to three times (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MIP-133 interacts with phospholipids on plasma membrane of HCE cells and activates cPLA(2α). cPLA(2α) is involved in apoptosis, AA release, and activation of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines from HCE cells. cPLA(2α) inhibitors may be a therapeutic target in Acanthamoeba keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trivendra Tripathi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is increasing in incidence around the world. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has documented effects on the innate and adaptive immune system, including macrophage and T regulatory (Treg) cell function. Since Treg cells are important in acute lung injury resolution, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency increases the severity of injury and delays injury resolution in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury. Vitamin D deficient mice were generated, using C57BL/6 mice, through diet modification and limited exposure to ultraviolet light. At 8 weeks of age, vitamin D deficient and sufficient mice received 2.5 g/kg of LPS or saline intratracheal. At 1 day, 3 days and 10 days, mice were anesthetized and lung elastance measured. Mice were euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lungs and serum were collected. Ex vivo neutrophil chemotaxis was evaluated, using neutrophils from vitamin D sufficient and deficient mice exposed to the chemoattractants, KC/CXCL1 and C5a, and to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from LPS-exposed mice. We found no difference in the degree of lung injury. Leukocytes were mildly decreased in the bronchoalveolar fluid of vitamin D deficient mice at 1 day. Ex-vivo, neutrophils from vitamin D deficient mice showed impaired chemotaxis to KC but not to C5a. Vitamin D deficiency modestly impairs neutrophil chemotaxis; however, it does not affect lung injury or its resolution in an LPS model of acute lung injury.
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Tang X, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Vitamin D inhibits the expression of interleukin-8 in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 58:397-407. [PMID: 23083515 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D has been known to be closely associated with periodontitis while the exact mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to discover the effects of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) on the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) W83. DESIGN Primary cultures of hPDLCs from ten donors were established and the cells of passage four were treated with 1,25D or P. gingivalis individually or 1,25D combined with P. gingivalis. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 protein in hPDLCs were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the mRNA levels were detected with real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS P. gingivalis significantly promoted the protein expressions of IL-6 and IL-8. P. gingivalis at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) 100 exerted the strongest promotion effect on the IL-6 protein expression by 5.83-fold compared with the controls (2482.88±26.53pg/ml versus 425.80±77.25pg/ml, P<0.0005) and the IL-8 protein expression by 12.39-fold (4965.81±1072.55pg/ml versus 400.75±2.27pg/ml, P=0.005) in hPDLCs at 24h. At 48h, 10(-8)mol/L 1,25D had the best inhibition on the IL-8 protein expression in hPDLCs by 2.00-fold compared with the controls (100.76±21.11pg/ml versus 201.75±18.15pg/ml, P<0.0005) and the IL-8 mRNA expression by 2.13-fold (P<0.0005). 10(-8)mol/L 1,25D combined with P. gingivalis (MOI 100) exerted the strongest inhibition effect on the IL-8 protein expression by 1.54-fold compared with P. gingivalis treatment alone (3077.33±210.04pg/ml versus 4738.24±1386.17pg/ml, P=0.018) and the IL-8 mRNA expression by 1.78-fold (P=0.012) in hPDLCs at 12h. 1,25D did not influence the expression of IL-6 in hPDLCs with or without P. gingivalis treatment. CONCLUSION Vitamin D may potentially inhibit the periodontal inflammation induced by P. gingivalis partly by decreasing the IL-8 expression in hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Yaraee R, Faghihzadeh S, Hassan ZM. Roles of IL-8 in Ocular Inflammations: A Review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2011; 19:401-12. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2011.618902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Takano Y, Mitsuhashi H, Ueno K. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ inhibits neutrophil recruitment in hamster model of acute lung injury. Steroids 2011; 76:1305-9. [PMID: 21745487 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Although several studies have reported that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1α,25(OH)(2)D(3)) suppresses IL-8 production in vitro and in vivo, 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) has not been demonstrated to be effective in an animal model of ALI. Here, we determined its effects of 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) in a hamster model where ALI was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) inhibited neutrophil recruitment in the lung by approximately 40% without increasing plasma calcium concentration, while it did not inhibit monocyte recruitment. Our findings show that vitamin D(3) analogues may be suitable as novel anti-inflammatory agents for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Takano
- Pharmacological Research Department, Pharmaceuticals Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan.
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Yin Z, Pintea V, Lin Y, Hammock BD, Watsky MA. Vitamin D enhances corneal epithelial barrier function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:7359-64. [PMID: 21715350 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25(OH)D(3)) and/or its active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), can enhance corneal epithelial barrier function. The authors also determined if corneas contain mRNA for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme required to convert 25(OH)D(3) to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and measured vitamin D metabolite concentrations in aqueous and vitreous humor. METHODS RT-PCR was used to examine mouse, rabbit, and human corneal epithelial VDR and 1α-hydroxylase mRNA. Vitamin D metabolites were measured using a selective vitamin D derivatizing agent and mass spectroscopy. Barrier function experiments were performed by measuring inulin permeability (IP) and/or transepithelial resistance (TER) in control, 25(OH)D(3)-, and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-treated human and rabbit corneal epithelial monolayers cultured on permeable inserts. Ca(2+) was removed, then reintroduced to the culture medium while IP and TER readings were taken. Occludin levels were examined using Western blotting. RESULTS All corneal samples were positive for both VDR and 1α-hydroxylase mRNA. All vitamin D metabolites except for unhydroxylated vitamin D(3) were detected in aqueous and vitreous humor. Epithelial cells showed increased TER, decreased IP, and increased occludin levels when cultured with 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that corneas contain mRNA for VDR and 1α-hydroxylase as well as significant vitamin D concentrations. 25(OH)D(3) and its active metabolite 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), both enhance corneal epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Yin
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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Vitamin D receptor agonists inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production from the respiratory epithelium in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2011; 10:428-34. [PMID: 21784717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) has been shown to mitigate epithelial inflammatory responses after antigen exposure. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at particular risk for vitamin D deficiency. This may contribute to the exaggerated inflammatory response to pulmonary infection in CF. METHODS CF respiratory epithelial cell lines were exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Pseudomonas conditioned medium (PCM) in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) or a range of vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in cell supernatants, and cellular total and phosphorylated IκBα were determined. Levels of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP18) mRNA and protein were measured in cells after treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). RESULTS Pretreatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was associated with significant reductions in IL-6 and IL-8 protein secretion after antigen exposure, a finding reproduced with a range of low calcaemic VDR agonists. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment led to a decrease in IκBα phosphorylation and increased total cellular IκBα. Treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was associated with an increase in hCAP18/LL-37 mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Both 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and other VDR agonists significantly reduce the pro-inflammatory response to antigen challenge in CF airway epithelial cells. VDR agonists have significant therapeutic potential in CF.
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Abstract
Homeostatic bone remodeling depends on precise regulation of osteoblast-osteoclast coupling through intricate endocrine, immune, neuronal, and mechanical factors. The osteoblast-osteoclast model of bone physiology with layers of regulatory complexity can be investigated as a component of a local skeletal subsystem or as a part of a complete whole-body system. In this review, we flip the traditional investigative paradigm of scientific experimentation ("bottom-top research") to a "top-bottom" approach using systems biology. We first establish the intricacies of the two-cell model at the molecular signaling level. We then provide, on a systems level, an integrative physiologic approach involving many recognized organ-level subsystems having direct and/or indirect effects on bone remodeling. Lastly, a hypothetical model of bone remodeling based on frequency and amplitude regulatory mechanisms is presented. It is hoped that by providing a thorough model of skeletal homeostasis, future progress can be made in researching and treating skeletal morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Does vitamin D affect risk of developing autoimmune disease?: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2010; 40:512-531.e8. [PMID: 21047669 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the epidemiologic evidence that vitamin D may be related to human autoimmune disease risk. METHODS PubMed, limited to English from inception through April 2010, was searched using keywords: "vitamin D," "autoimmune," and autoimmune disease names. We summarized in vitro, animal, and genetic association studies of vitamin D in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. We sorted epidemiologic studies by design and disease and performed a systematic review of (a) cross-sectional data concerning vitamin D level and autoimmune disease; (b) interventional data on vitamin D supplementation in autoimmune diseases; and (c) prospective data linking vitamin D level or intake to autoimmune disease risk. RESULTS Vitamin D has effects on innate and acquired immune systems, and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms have been associated with various autoimmune diseases. In experimental animal models, vitamin D supplementation can prevent or forestall autoimmune disease. Of 1446 studies identified and screened, 76 studies examined vitamin D levels in autoimmune disease patients, particularly with active disease, and compared with controls. Nineteen observational or interventional studies assessed the effect of vitamin D supplementation as therapy for various autoimmune diseases (excluding psoriasis and vitiligo) with a range of study approaches and results. The few prospective human studies performed conflict as to whether vitamin D level or intake is associated with autoimmune disease risk. No interventional trials have investigated whether vitamin D affects human autoimmune disease risk. CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional data point to a potential role of vitamin D in autoimmune disease prevention, but prospective interventional evidence in humans is still lacking.
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Kamen DL, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 88:441-50. [PMID: 20119827 PMCID: PMC2861286 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has received increased attention recently for its pleiotropic actions on many chronic diseases. The importance of vitamin D on the regulation of cells of the immune system has gained increased appreciation over the past decade with the discovery of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and key vitamin D metabolizing enzymes expressed by cells of the immune system. Animal studies, early epidemiologic and clinical studies have supported a potential role for vitamin D in maintaining immune system balance. The hormonal form of vitamin D up-regulates anti-microbial peptides, namely cathelicidin, to enhance clearance of bacteria at various barrier sites and in immune cells. Vitamin D modulates the adaptive immune system by direct effects on T cell activation and on the phenotype and function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), particularly of DCs. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the molecular and clinical evidence for vitamin D as a modulator of the innate and adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L. Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Nutrition Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- 101 Woodruff Circle NE-WMRB 1301, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Kirschbaum M, Schultze-Mosgau S, Pfister W, Eick S. Mixture of periodontopathogenic bacteria influences interaction with KB cells. Anaerobe 2010; 16:461-8. [PMID: 20380884 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the adhesion and invasion of periodontopathogenic bacteria in varied mixed infections and the release of interleukins from an epithelial cell line (KB cells). METHODS KB cells were co-cultured with Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and M5-1-2, Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037, Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 and Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 in single and mixed infections. The numbers of adherent and internalized bacteria were determined up to 18 h after bacterial exposure. Additionally, the mRNA expression and concentrations of released interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were measured. RESULTS All periodontopathogenic bacteria adhered and internalized in different numbers to KB cells, but individually without any evidence of co-aggregation also to F. nucleatum. High levels of epithelial mRNA of IL-6 and IL-8 were detectable after all bacterial challenges. After the mixed infection of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 the highest levels of released interleukins were found. No IL-6 and IL-8 were detectable after the mixed infection of P. gingivalis M5-1-2 and F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and the fourfold infection of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, T. denticola ATCC 35405, T. forsythia ATCC 43037 and F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. CONCLUSION Anaerobic periodontopathogenic bacteria promote the release of IL-6 and IL-8 by epithelial cells. Despite a continuous epithelial expression of IL-8 mRNA by all bacterial infections these effects are temporary because of the time-dependent degradation of cytokines by bacterial proteases. Mixed infections have a stronger virulence potential than single bacteria. Further research is necessary to evaluate the role of mixed infections and biofilms in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirschbaum
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena, Germany.
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Guentsch A, Rönnebeck M, Puklo M, Preshaw PM, Pfister W, Eick S. Influence of serum on interaction ofPorphyromonas gingivalisATCC 33277 andAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansY4 with an epithelial cell line. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:229-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
In this article, we provide the results of experimental studies demonstrating that corneal avascularity is an active process involving the production of anti-angiogenic factors, which counterbalance the pro-angiogenic/lymphangiogenic factors that are upregulated during wound healing. We also summarize pertinent published reports regarding corneal neovascularization (NV), corneal lymphangiogenesis and corneal angiogenic/lymphangiogenic privilege. We outline the clinical causes of corneal NV, and discuss the angiogenic proteins (VEGF and bFGF) and angiogenesis regulatory proteins. We also describe the role of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, -7, and MT1-MMP, anti-angiogenic factors, and lymphangiogenic regulatory proteins during corneal wound healing. Established and potential new therapies for the treatment of corneal neovascularization are also discussed.
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Vitamin D derivatives: calcitriol and tacalcitol inhibits interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 expression in human nasal polyp fibroblast cultures. Adv Med Sci 2010; 55:86-92. [PMID: 20439185 DOI: 10.2478/v10039-010-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biologically active vitamin D3 (VD) derivatives possess modulatory activities on immunological and inflammatory responses which can be reflected by altered levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Nasal polyposis (NP), defined as a chronic inflammatory process of upper respiratory system, could be influenced by VD derivatives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) and 1alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (tacalcitol) on the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by fibroblasts derived from NP. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 12 fibroblast cultures derived from NP samples obtained from surgically treated patients. Measurements were performed on the polyp cells after the 6-9 passages. Culture stimulation involved treatment with tacalcitol and calcitriol at a defined strength (from 10(-7)M to 10(-4)M). IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were estimated with ELISA. RESULTS Treatment with calcitriol or tacalcitol inhibits the synthesis of both IL-6 and IL-8 compared to the control group. The dose dependence of this effect has been confirmed. VD derivatives influence was marked at higher concentrations. Significant interleukin decrease was observed at 10(-5) and 10(-4) for calcitriol and 10-4 in the case of tacalcitol. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that calcitriol and tacalcitol are capable of affecting pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) levels in NP cultures. Our data imply a potential therapeutical application of topical VD derivates in NP and warrant further investigation.
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