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Han S, Zheng Q, Zheng Z, Su J, Liu X, Shi C, Li B, Zhang X, Zhang M, Yu Q, Hou Z, Li T, Zhang B, Lin Y, Wen G, Deng Y, Liu K, Xu K. Exosomal miR-1202 mediates Brodmann Area 44 functional connectivity changes in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder: An fMRI study. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:470-476. [PMID: 38608766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Previous large-sample postmortem study revealed that the expression of miR-1202 in brain tissues from Brodmann area 44 (BA44) was dysregulated in patients with major depressive disorder (MDDs). However, the specific in vivo neuropathological mechanism of miR-1202 as well as its interplay with BA44 circuits in the depressed brain are still unclear. Here, we performed a case-control study with imaging-genetic approach based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and miR-1202 quantification from 110 medication-free MDDs and 102 healthy controls. Serum-derived circulating exosomes that readily cross the blood-brain barrier were isolated to quantify miR-1202. For validation, repeated MR scans were performed after a six-week follow-up of antidepressant treatment on a cohort of MDDs. Voxelwise factorial analysis revealed two brain areas (including the striatal-thalamic region) in which the effect of depression on the functional connectivity with BA44 was significantly dependent on the expression level of exosomal miR-1202. Moreover, longitudinal change of the BA44 connectivity with the striatal-thalamic region in MDDs after antidepressant treatment was found to be significantly related to the level of miR-1202 expression. These findings revealed that the in vivo neuropathological effect of miR-1202 dysregulation in depression is possibly exerted by mediating neural functional abnormalities in BA44-striatal-thalamic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Han
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingtong Zheng
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Changzhou Shi
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Hou
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Lin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat Sen University, Sun-Yat Sen University, Zhuhai, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Wen
- Medical Imaging Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjia Deng
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Phillips MR, Byrne J, Gibson EC, Gilbert C, Ford L, Marsh G, Chow J, Robinson GA. The brief executive language screen: sensitivity and specificity in acute to early sub-acute stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38833512 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2024.2356412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Propositional language and underlying executive functions can be impaired post-stroke and affect communication and quality of life. Current stroke screening tools are largely tailored to patients with aphasia, being either non-verbal or focussed on core language skills such as naming and repetition. The Brief Executive Language Screening Test (BELS) is a newly developed cognitive screening tool that assesses memory, oral apraxia, core language, as well as propositional language and associated executive functions that can be impacted and overlooked in stroke patients without aphasia. This study examines BELS sensitivity and specificity, and performance in acute to early sub-acute stroke relative to controls. METHOD Cross-sectional BELS data from 88 acute left and right hemisphere stroke patients (within 7 weeks of stroke) and 116 age-matched healthy controls were compared using independent samples t-tests. ROC Curve Analysis was performed to determine a cutoff score for the BELS. RESULTS Left and right stroke patients were reduced on all propositional language subtests, and executive function subtests of inhibition, strategy, and selection. Differences were also observed for Oral Apraxia, Naming, and Memory. By contrast, Word Comprehension and Repetition, and Sentence Completion Initiation (after corrections applied) did not differ between groups. A total BELS score of 79.25/100 was highly sensitive (.89) and specific (.89) when classifying stroke patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION The BELS is brief, sensitive, suitable for bedside administration, and can aid in detection and rehabilitation of subtle executive language impairments. This in turn will help improve relationships and quality of life post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia R Phillips
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Byrne
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Emily C Gibson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Casey Gilbert
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucy Ford
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Georgia Marsh
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Chow
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gail A Robinson
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Ingham-Hill E, Hewitt A, Lester A, Bond B. Morning compared to afternoon school-based exercise on cognitive function in adolescents. Brain Cogn 2024; 175:106135. [PMID: 38306762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents may be less ready to learn in the mornings due to a propensity for waking up later. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to acutely improve cognitive functioning in teenagers. This within-measures study explored whether the benefit of HIIE differs when delivered in the morning or afternoon. METHODS 37 teenagers (19 boys, 13.7 ± 0.4 years) each completed 3 trials in school; morning HIIE (MORN), afternoon HIIE (AFTER) and a no-exercise control trial (CON). The HIIE involved 10x10 second sprints, interspersed by 50 s of walking. Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of computerised tasks four times over the course of the day. RESULTS Z scores for reaction time, but not proportion of correct responses, were improved 45 min post exercise in the MORN trial (P < 0.01, d = 0.47), and this improvement persisted until the third (P = 0.04, d = 0.34), but not final (P = 0.93, d = 0.01), time point. Global reaction time was not improved 45 min post exercise in the AFTER trial (P = 0.17, d = 0.20). Global reaction time was quicker 45 min post morning exercise compared to the same time point in CON (P = 0.02, d = 0.56) and AFTER (P = 0.01, d = 0.72). CONCLUSION HIIE may be more effectual in improving cognitive functioning when delivered in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ingham-Hill
- The Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - A Hewitt
- The Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - A Lester
- The Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - B Bond
- The Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
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Bufacchi RJ, Battaglia-Mayer A, Iannetti GD, Caminiti R. Cortico-spinal modularity in the parieto-frontal system: A new perspective on action control. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102537. [PMID: 37832714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Classical neurophysiology suggests that the motor cortex (MI) has a unique role in action control. In contrast, this review presents evidence for multiple parieto-frontal spinal command modules that can bypass MI. Five observations support this modular perspective: (i) the statistics of cortical connectivity demonstrate functionally-related clusters of cortical areas, defining functional modules in the premotor, cingulate, and parietal cortices; (ii) different corticospinal pathways originate from the above areas, each with a distinct range of conduction velocities; (iii) the activation time of each module varies depending on task, and different modules can be activated simultaneously; (iv) a modular architecture with direct motor output is faster and less metabolically expensive than an architecture that relies on MI, given the slow connections between MI and other cortical areas; (v) lesions of the areas composing parieto-frontal modules have different effects from lesions of MI. Here we provide examples of six cortico-spinal modules and functions they subserve: module 1) arm reaching, tool use and object construction; module 2) spatial navigation and locomotion; module 3) grasping and observation of hand and mouth actions; module 4) action initiation, motor sequences, time encoding; module 5) conditional motor association and learning, action plan switching and action inhibition; module 6) planning defensive actions. These modules can serve as a library of tools to be recombined when faced with novel tasks, and MI might serve as a recombinatory hub. In conclusion, the availability of locally-stored information and multiple outflow paths supports the physiological plausibility of the proposed modular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bufacchi
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy; International Center for Primate Brain Research (ICPBR), Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - A Battaglia-Mayer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome, Sapienza, Italy
| | - G D Iannetti
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - R Caminiti
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.
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Park KR, Kim H, Seong S, Kim MJ, Choi JK, Jeon HJ. A study on the functional near-infrared spectroscopy on impaired prefrontal activation and impulsivity during cognitive task in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:548-554. [PMID: 37437724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the association between prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task (VFT) and impulsivity among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS We enrolled a total of 119 participants, 60 with MDD patients and 59 with healthy controls (HCs), aged 18 to 34 years. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) was used to assess impulsivity after completing baseline demographic, clinical, and physical assessments. A VFT was used to examine prefrontal activation during cognitive executions while fNIRS was monitored. The changing values of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and their associations with the BIS-11 score were analyzed. RESULTS The data analysis comprised 109 participants in total (54 MDD; 55 HCs). Spearman's correlation analysis of the MDD group showed a negative correlation between changes in oxy-Hb and BIS-11 values in the right prefrontal cortex, notably the right frontopolar cortex (FPC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). After adjusting for sex, age, years of education, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), significance was maintained in the right FPC [ρ = -0.317, p = 0.027], and the right VMPFC [ρ = -0.327, p = 0.022]. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression suggested a significant association in the right prefrontal cortex with BIS-11 score [β = -1.904, SE = 0.799, p = 0.0214]. CONCLUSIONS Impaired prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task, led to higher impulsivity in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ram Park
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sisu Seong
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Biomedical Statistics Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences & Technology and Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Meditrix Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea.
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Shao X, He L, Liu Y, Fu Y. The effect of acute high-intensity interval training and Tabata training on inhibitory control and cortical activation in young adults. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1229307. [PMID: 37781251 PMCID: PMC10536150 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1229307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical exercise not only benefits peoples' health, but also improves their cognitive function. Although growing evidence suggests that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient exercise regime that can improve inhibitory control performance by enhancing cortical activation in the prefrontal cortex, less is known about how Tabata training, a subset of HIIT that requires no equipment or facilities to perform, affects inhibitory control and cortical activation in young adults. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the effect of an acute bout of HIIT and Tabata training on inhibitory control and attempted to identify its potential neural substrates. Methods Forty-two young adults (mean age: 19.36 ± 1.36 years; 21 females) performed the Stroop task and Simon task before and after acute HIIT, Tabata training, or a control session, and cortical hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal area were monitored by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the tasks. Both HIIT and Tabata interventions lasted for a total of 12 min. The HIIT participants performed ergometer cycling at their 80% maximal aerobic power at 90-100 rpm, and the Tabata participants performed a total of 8 intense activities, such as jumping jacks, high knees, and butt kickers, without using equipment or facilities, keeping the heart rate at 80-95% of their maximum heart rate. Participants in the control group watched a sport video while sedentary. Cognitive tasks data and fNIRS data were analyzed by repeated-measures three-way ANOVA. Results and discussion Our results indicated that both the HIIT and Tabata groups exhibited reduced reaction times after the intervention, and there were alterations in activation patterns in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Shao
- School of Sports, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longfei He
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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Wei L, Ding F, Gong M, Baeken C, Wu GR. The impact of sensation seeking personality trait on acute alcohol-induced disinhibition. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110907. [PMID: 37523917 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute alcohol-related behavioral disinhibition has been well studied. But whether individual differences in the personality trait sensation seeking affect alcohol-induced behavioral disinhibition remains uncertain. METHODS The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique and a response inhibition task (i.e., Go/No-Go) to determine the impact of the sensation seeking trait on the relationship between acute alcohol administration and inhibitory control capacity, and further investigate the neural mechanisms underlying this behavioral effect. Twenty-five high-sensation seekers and twenty-six low-sensation seekers were enrolled in this study. These participants attended two sessions: once for alcohol intake (0.5g/kg) and once for placebo intake (0g/kg). RESULTS Our results showed that high-sensation seekers relative to low-sensation seekers showed a significant decrease in inhibition accuracy under alcohol versus the placebo condition. Moreover, reduced prefrontal activity following acute alcohol consumption was more pronounced in high-sensation seekers compared with low-sensation seekers. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that alcohol-induced behavioral disinhibition was affected by the personality trait sensation seeking and that recruitment of the prefrontal cortex contributed to the observed behavioral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Wei
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fanxi Ding
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingliang Gong
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium; Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Han W, Zhang X. Early different cognitive processes evoked by carnival vs. general promotions when shopping online: An ERPs study. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:938511. [PMID: 36699532 PMCID: PMC9868857 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.938511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The booming development of online shopping has intensified market competition. In addition to general sales promotions, online shopping has introduced new changes including artificial carnival promotions. Method This study aims to investigate cognitive processes to an unknown e-commerce platform after exposure to carnival and general promotion activities using event-related potentials. Thirty-three participants were recruited in this study to probe how consumers perceive carnival and general promotion information using event-related potentials (ERPs). Carnival or general promotion posters were presented first, then an unknown e-commerce platform brand was presented in the second stage, at which time the subjects' cognitive process to the brand were observed in an implicit paradigm. Results The results showed that after priming with carnival promotion posters, the unknown e-commerce platform stimuli elicited larger P2 and N2 components than were observed after the presentation of general promotion posters; however, the P3 component did not show a significant difference. These findings indicate that the target identification and cognitive control mechanism with regard to an unknown e-commerce platform are likely influenced by the implicit memory of different promotion activities when shopping online. Discussion The results suggest that ERP components may have the potential to be employed as indices to estimate the effectiveness of promotion methods for an unknown brand.
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Lin LH, Narender R, Zak PJ. Why people keep watching: neurophysiologic immersion during video consumption increases viewing time and influences behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1053053. [PMID: 36582406 PMCID: PMC9792976 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1053053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streaming services provide people with a seemingly infinite set of entertainment choices. This large set of options makes the decision to view alternative content or stop consuming content altogether compelling. Yet, nearly all experimental studies of the attributes of video content and their ability to influence behavior require that participants view stimuli in their entirety. The present study measured neurophysiologic responses while participants viewed videos with the option to stop viewing without penalty in order to identify signals that capture the neural value of content. A post-video behavioral choice was included to reduce the likelihood that measured neurophysiologic responses were noise rather than signal. We found that a measure derived from neurophysiologic Immersion predicted how long participants would watch a video. Further, the time spent watching a video increased the likelihood that it influenced behavior. The analysis indicates that the neurologic value one receives helps explain why people continue to watch videos and why they are influenced by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsin Lin
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States,Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rainita Narender
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Paul J. Zak
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Paul J. Zak
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Sklivanioti Greenfield M, Wang Y, Msghina M. Similarities and differences in the induction and regulation of the negative emotions fear and disgust: A functional near infrared spectroscopy study. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:581-593. [PMID: 35634652 PMCID: PMC9796661 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Affective processing, including induction and regulation of emotion, activates neural networks, induces physiological responses, and generates subjective experience. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to maladaptive behavior and even psychiatric morbidity. Multimodal studies of emotion thus not only help elucidate the nature of emotion, but also contribute to important clinical insights. In the present study, we compared the induction (EI) and effortful regulation (ER) with reappraisal of fear and disgust in healthy subjects using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in conjunction with electrodermal activity (EDA). During EI, there was significant activation in medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) for fear and more widespread activation for disgust, with right lateral PFC significantly more active during disgust compared to fear. ER was equally effective for fear and disgust reducing subjective emotion rating by roughly 45%. Compared to baseline, there was no increased PFC activity for fear during ER, while for disgust lateral PFC was significantly more active. Significant differences between the two negative emotions were also observed in sympathetic nerve activity as reflected in EDA during EI, but not during ER. Lastly, compared to men, women had higher emotion rating for both fear and disgust without corresponding differences in EDA. In conclusion, in the present study we show that emotion induction was associated with differential activation in both PFC and sympathetic nerve activity for fear and disgust. These differences were however less prominent during emotion regulation. We discuss the potential interpretation of our results and their implications regarding our understanding of negative emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanlu Wang
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention, and Technology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,MR Physics, Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Mussie Msghina
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS)Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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On the Role of Stimulus-Response Context in Inhibitory Control in Alcohol Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216557. [DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavioral and neural dynamics of response inhibition deficits in alcohol use disorder (AUD) are still largely unclear, despite them possibly being key to the mechanistic understanding of the disorder. Our study investigated the effect of automatic vs. controlled processing during response inhibition in participants with mild-to-moderate AUD and matched healthy controls. For this, a Simon Nogo task was combined with EEG signal decomposition, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), and source localization methods. The final sample comprised n = 59 (32♂) AUD participants and n = 64 (28♂) control participants. Compared with the control group, AUD participants showed overall better response inhibition performance. Furthermore, the AUD group was less influenced by the modulatory effect of automatic vs. controlled processes during response inhibition (i.e., had a smaller Simon Nogo effect). The neurophysiological data revealed that the reduced Simon Nogo effect in the AUD group was associated with reduced activation differences between congruent and incongruent Nogo trials in the inferior and middle frontal gyrus. Notably, the drinking frequency (but not the number of AUD criteria we had used to distinguish groups) predicted the extent of the Simon Nogo effect. We suggest that the counterintuitive advantage of participants with mild-to-moderate AUD over those in the control group could be explained by the allostatic model of drinking effects.
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Liu S, Zhang R. Aerobic Exercise Alleviates the Impairment of Cognitive Control Ability Induced by Sleep Deprivation in College Students: Research Based on Go/NoGo Task. Front Psychol 2022; 13:914568. [PMID: 35846633 PMCID: PMC9280485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.914568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe whether aerobic exercise is able to alleviate the impairment of cognitive control ability in college students by sleep deprivation through cognitive control (Go-NoGo task) and blood-based markers. Taking 30 healthy college students (15 males and 15 females) as participants, using a random cross-over design within groups, respectively perform one night of sleep deprivation and one night of normal sleep (8 h). The exercise intervention modality was to complete a 30-min session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a power bicycle. Change in cognitive control was assessed using the Go/NoGo task paradigm; 5-ht and blood glucose contentwere determined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay and glucose oxidase electrode Measurement, respectively. The results showed that sleep deprivation could significantly reduce the response inhibition ability and response execution ability, and significantly reduce the blood 5-ht content (p< 0.01). Thirty minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise intervention significantly increased response inhibition ability and response execution ability, significantly increased blood 5-ht content (p<0.01), and did not change serum glucose levels. Conclusion: An acute aerobic exercise can alleviate the cognitive control impairment caused by sleep deprivation, and 5-ht may be one of the possible mechanisms by which aerobic exercise alleviates the cognitive control impairment caused by sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwu Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Luliang University, Luliang, China
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Tsuchiya K, Shimoda K, Mitsui S, Yamaya N, Kikuchi S, Fujita T, Tozato F. Hemodynamic changes in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex relate to the psychological mood profile. Neurosci Lett 2022; 780:136653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Horinouchi T, Watanabe T, Matsumoto T, Yunoki K, Kuwabara T, Ito K, Ishida H, Kirimoto H. The effect of prior knowledge of color on reaction time depends on visual modality. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09469. [PMID: 35647346 PMCID: PMC9133575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior knowledge of color, such as traffic rules (blue/green and red mean "go" and "stop" respectively), can influence reaction times (RTs). Specifically, in a Go/No-go task, where signals were presented by a light-emitting diode (LED) lighting device, RT has been reported to be longer when responding to a red signal and withholding the response to a blue signal (Red Go/Blue No-go task) than when responding to a blue signal and withholding the response to a red signal (Blue Go/Red No-go task). In recent years, a driving simulator has been shown to be effective in evaluation and training of driving skills of dementia and stroke patients. However, it is unknown whether the change in RT observed with the LED lighting device can be replicated with a monitor presenting signals that are different from the real traffic lights in terms of depth and texture. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether a difference in visual modality (LED and monitor) influences the effect of prior knowledge of color on RTs. Fifteen participants performed a simple reaction task (Blue and Red signals), a Blue Go/Red No-go task, and a Red Go/Blue No-go task. Signals were presented from an LED lighting device (Light condition) and a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor (Monitor condition). The results showed that there was no significant difference in simple RT by signal color in both conditions. In the Go/No-go task, there was a significant interaction between the type of signal presentation device and the color of signal. Although the RT was significantly longer in the Red Go/Blue No-go than Blue Go/Red No-go task in the Light condition, there was no significant difference in RT between the Blue Go/Red No-go and Red Go/Blue No-go tasks in the Monitor condition. It is interpreted that blue and red signals presented from the LCD monitor were insufficient to evoke a perception of traffic lights as compared to the LED. This study suggests that a difference in the presentation modality (LED and monitor) of visual information can influence the level of object perception and consequently the effect of prior knowledge on behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Horinouchi
- Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Watanabe
- Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yunoki
- Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kuwabara
- Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kanami Ito
- Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruki Ishida
- Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hikari Kirimoto
- Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Laicher H, Int-Veen I, Torka F, Kroczek A, Bihlmaier I, Storchak H, Velten-Schurian K, Dresler T, Täglich R, Fallgatter AJ, Ehlis AC, Rosenbaum D. Trait rumination and social anxiety separately influence stress-induced rumination and hemodynamic responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5512. [PMID: 35365678 PMCID: PMC8976084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate stress-reactive rumination in response to social stress and its association with social anxiety and trait rumination. From previous investigations we know that people with a certain vulnerability to rumination show increased stress-reactive rumination. However, up to date the possible influence of social anxiety on this relationship is still unclear. Therefore, we reanalyzed the data of two of our previous studies assessing healthy low and high trait ruminators and depressed patients performing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). We measured cortical oxygenation using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) as well as different behavioral outcome measures (subjective stress levels, negative affect, state rumination). On a behavioral level, we found an influence of both, social anxiety and trait rumination, on state rumination, even when correcting for the other factor, respectively, implying two potentially independent factors of influence. On a neural level, we observed reduced activation in brain regions of the cognitive control network (CCN) for higher social anxiety and trait rumination, which might be a result of reduced cognitive and attentional control. Results indicate a specific role of social anxiety, at least on a behavioral level, and therefore implicate a crucial factor to be considered in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Laicher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Isabell Int-Veen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Torka
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Agnes Kroczek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Bihlmaier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helena Storchak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Velten-Schurian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Täglich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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16
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Emerson JR, Scott MW, van Schaik P, Butcher N, Kenny RPW, Eaves DL. A neural signature for combined action observation and motor imagery? An fNIRS study into prefrontal activation, automatic imitation, and self-other perceptions. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2407. [PMID: 34994997 PMCID: PMC8865155 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research indicates that both observed and imagined actions can be represented in the brain as two parallel sensorimotor representations. One proposal is that higher order cognitive processes would align these two hypothetical action simulations. METHODS We investigated this hypothesis using an automatic imitation paradigm, with functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings over the prefrontal cortex during different motor simulation states. On each trial, participants (n = 14) observed a picture of a rhythmical action (instructed action) followed by a distractor movie showing the same or different action. Participants then executed the instructed action. Distractor actions were manipulated to be fast or slow, and instructions were manipulated during distractor presentation: action observation (AO), combined action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) and observe to imitate (intentional imitation). A pure motor imagery (MI) condition was also included. RESULTS Kinematic analyses showed that although distractor speed effects were significant under all instructions (shorter mean cycle times in execution for fast compared to slow trials), this imitation bias was significantly stronger for combined AO+MI than both AO and MI, and stronger for intentional imitation than the other three automatic imitation conditions. In the left prefrontal cortex, cerebral oxygenation was significantly greater for combined AO+MI than all other instructions. Participants reported that their representation of the self overlapped with the observed model significantly more during AO+MI than AO. CONCLUSION Left prefrontal activation may therefore be a neural signature of AO+MI, supporting attentional switching between concurrent representations of self (MI, top-down) and other (AO, bottom-up) to increase imitation and perceived closeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Emerson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Matthew W Scott
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Natalie Butcher
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Ryan P W Kenny
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Daniel L Eaves
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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17
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Cortical hemodynamic mechanisms of reversal learning using high-resolution functional near-infrared spectroscopy: A pilot study. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:409-424. [PMID: 34481708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reversal learning is widely used to analyze cognitive flexibility and characterize behavioral abnormalities associated with impulsivity and disinhibition. Recent studies using fMRI have focused on regions involved in reversal learning with negative and positive reinforcers. Although the frontal cortex has been consistently implicated in reversal learning, few studies have focused on whether reward and punishment may have different effects on lateral frontal structures in these tasks. METHODS During this pilot study on eight healthy subjects, we used functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) to characterize brain activity dynamics and differentiate the involvement of frontal structures in learning driven by reward and punishment. RESULTS We observed functional hemispheric asymmetries between punishment and reward processing by fNIRS following reversal of a learned rule. Moreover, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were activated under the reward condition only, whereas the orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) was significantly activated under the punishment condition, with a tendency towards activation for the right cortical hemisphere (r-DLPFC and r-IFG). Our results are compatible with the suggestion that the DLPFC is involved in the detection of contingency change. We propose a new representation for reward and punishment, with left lateralization for the reward process. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study provide insights into the indirect neural mechanisms of reversal learning and behavioral flexibility and confirm the use of fNIRS imaging in reversal-learning tasks as a translational strategy, particularly in subjects who cannot undergo fMRI recordings.
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18
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Hannah R, Aron AR. Towards real-world generalizability of a circuit for action-stopping. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:538-552. [PMID: 34326532 PMCID: PMC8972073 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two decades of cross-species neuroscience research on rapid action-stopping in the laboratory has provided motivation for an underlying prefrontal-basal ganglia circuit. Here we provide an update of key studies from the past few years. We conclude that this basic neural circuit is on increasingly firm ground, and we move on to consider whether the action-stopping function implemented by this circuit applies beyond the simple laboratory stop signal task. We advance through a series of studies of increasing 'real-worldness', starting with laboratory tests of stopping of speech, gait and bodily functions, and then going beyond the laboratory to consider neural recordings and stimulation during moments of control presumably required in everyday activities such as walking and driving. We end by asking whether stopping research has clinical relevance, focusing on movement disorders such as stuttering, tics and freezing of gait. Overall, we conclude there are hints that the prefrontal-basal ganglia action-stopping circuit that is engaged by the basic stop signal task is recruited in myriad scenarios; however, truly proving this for real-world scenarios requires a new generation of studies that will need to overcome substantial technical and inferential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricci Hannah
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Adam R Aron
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Kanjlia S, Loiotile RE, Harhen N, Bedny M. 'Visual' cortices of congenitally blind adults are sensitive to response selection demands in a go/no-go task. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118023. [PMID: 33862241 PMCID: PMC8249356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of occipital cortex plasticity in blindness provide insight into how intrinsic constraints interact with experience to determine cortical specialization. We tested the cognitive nature and anatomical origins of occipital responses during non-verbal, non-spatial auditory tasks. In a go/no-go task, congenitally blind (N=23) and sighted (N=24) individuals heard rapidly occurring (<1/s) non-verbal sounds and made one of two button presses (frequent-go 50%, infrequent-go 25%) or withheld a response (no-go, 25%). Rapid and frequent button presses heighten response selection/inhibition demands on the no-go trials: In sighted and blind adults a right-lateralized prefrontal (PFC) network responded most to no-go trials, followed by infrequent-go and finally frequent-go trials. In the blind group only, a right-lateralized occipital network showed the same response profile and the laterality of occipital and PFC responses was correlated across blind individuals. A second experiment with spoken sentences and equations (N=16) found that no-go responses in occipital cortex are distinct from previously identified occipital responses to spoken language. Finally, in resting-state data (N=30 blind, N=31 blindfolded sighted), no-go responsive 'visual' cortex of blind relative to sighted participants was more synchronized with PFC and less synchronized with primary auditory and sensory-motor cortices. No-go responsive occipital cortex showed higher resting-state correlations with no-go responsive PFC than language responsive inferior frontal cortex. We conclude that in blindness, a right-lateralized occipital network responds to non-verbal executive processes, including response selection. These results suggest that connectivity with fronto-parietal executive networks is a key mechanism for plasticity in blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Kanjlia
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, United States; Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 346 Baker Hall, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Rita E Loiotile
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, United States; Facebook, United States
| | - Nora Harhen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, United States; Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California Irvine, United States
| | - Marina Bedny
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, United States
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20
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Salvat-Pujol N, Labad J, Urretavizcaya M, de Arriba-Arnau A, Segalàs C, Real E, Ferrer A, Crespo JM, Jiménez-Murcia S, Soriano-Mas C, Menchón JM, Soria V. Childhood maltreatment interacts with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback and major depression: effects on cognitive performance. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1857955. [PMID: 33796230 PMCID: PMC7968873 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1857955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis negative feedback and cognitive dysfunction, resembling those abnormalities linked to major depressive disorder (MDD). Objectives: We aimed to assess the potential modulating effects of MDD diagnosis or HPA axis function in the association between different types of CM and cognitive performance in adulthood. Methods: Sixty-eight MDD patients and 87 healthy controls were recruited. CM was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. We obtained three latent variables for neuropsychological performance (verbal memory, visual memory and executive function/processing speed) after running a confirmatory factor analysis with cognitive tests applied. Dexamethasone suppression test ratio (DSTR) was performed using dexamethasone 0.25 mg. Results: Different types of CM had different effects on cognition, modulated by MDD diagnosis and HPA axis function. Individuals with physical maltreatment and MDD presented with enhanced cognition in certain domains. The DSTR differentially modulated the association between visual memory and physical neglect or sexual abuse. Conclusions: HPA axis-related neurobiological mechanisms leading to cognitive impairment might differ depending upon the type of CM. Our results suggest a need for early assessment and intervention on cognition and resilience mechanisms in individuals exposed to CM to minimize its deleterious and lasting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Salvat-Pujol
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Department of Mental Health, I3PT, Sabadell, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
| | - Mikel Urretavizcaya
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida de Arriba-Arnau
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinto Segalàs
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Real
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Ferrer
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Department of Mental Health, I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | - José M Crespo
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Soria
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Adelhöfer N, Beste C. Pre-trial theta band activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex correlates with inhibition-related theta band activity in the right inferior frontal cortex. Neuroimage 2020; 219:117052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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22
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Ide M, Atsumi T, Chakrabarty M, Yaguchi A, Umesawa Y, Fukatsu R, Wada M. Neural Basis of Extremely High Temporal Sensitivity: Insights From a Patient With Autism. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:340. [PMID: 32425746 PMCID: PMC7203484 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is sensitive to incoming sensory information across multiple time scales. Temporal scales of information represented in the brain generally constrain behavior. Despite reports of the neural correlates of millisecond timing, how the human brain processes sensory stimuli in the sub-second range (≤100 ms) and its behavioral implications are areas of active scientific inquiry. An autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patient showed a tactile discrimination threshold of 6.49 ms on a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task which was approximately 10-fold superior than other ASD and healthy controls (59 and 69 ms, respectively). To investigate the brain regions of this extremely high temporal resolution in the patient, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during TOJ. We observed greater activity notably in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and precentral gyrus (PrG) compared to that of controls. Generally, the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) correlated positively, while the opercular part of right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) correlated negatively, with the correct TOJ rate across all subjects (the patient + 22 healthy controls). We found that the performance was negatively correlated with the strength of neural responses in the right IFG overall in 30 participants (the patient + 22 healthy and 7 ASD controls). Our data reveal superior ability of this particular case of ASD in the millisecond scale for sensory inputs. We highlight several neural correlates of TOJ underlying the facilitation and/or inhibition of temporal resolution in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ide
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Atsumi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mrinmoy Chakrabarty
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-D), New Delhi, India
| | - Ayako Yaguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Contemporary Psychology, Rikkyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yumi Umesawa
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Fukatsu
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Wada
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
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23
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Fujimoto U, Ogawa A, Osada T, Tanaka M, Suda A, Hattori N, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Konishi S. Network Centrality Reveals Dissociable Brain Activity during Response Inhibition in Human Right Ventral Part of Inferior Frontal Cortex. Neuroscience 2020; 433:163-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Rogojin A, Gorbet DJ, Hawkins KM, Sergio LE. Cognitive-Motor Integration Performance Is Affected by Sex, APOE Status, and Family History of Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:685-701. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alica Rogojin
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana J. Gorbet
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kara M. Hawkins
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Sergio
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wolff N, Chmielewski W, Buse J, Roessner V, Beste C. Paradoxical response inhibition advantages in adolescent obsessive compulsive disorder result from the interplay of automatic and controlled processes. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101893. [PMID: 31220759 PMCID: PMC6584599 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Response inhibition deficits have often been described in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, research on response inhibition in OCD focusses on “top-down” controlled mechanisms, and it has been neglected that response inhibition performance depends on the interplay of controlled and automatic processes during response selection. Based on pathophysiological considerations we test the counterintuitive hypothesis that OCD patients show superior inhibitory control when automatic mechanisms govern processes involved in response inhibition. We examined a group of adolescent OCD patients (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 27) using a combined Simon-Go/NoGo task. This task is able to examine conjoint effects of automatic and controlled processes during response inhibition. EEG and source localization analyses were applied to examine the underlying neural mechanisms. OCD patients committed fewer false alarms than healthy controls (HC) in the congruent Simon-NoGo condition, which is dominated by automatic response selection mechanisms. On a neurophysiological (EEG) level, these effects were reflected by intensified correlates of ‘braking’ processes associated with modulation of right inferior prefrontal regions. There is no general response inhibition deficit in adolescent OCD. When considering conjoint effects of automatic and controlled processes during the inhibition of responses paradoxical response inhibition advantages can emerge in OCD. This is likely a result of otherwise pathological fronto-striatal hyperactivity and loss of a situation-specific modulation of response selection mechanisms in OCD. Effects of automatic/controlled processes on response inhibition (RI) are studied. OCD patients show better performance in automatic vs. controlled RI. Underlying neurophysiological (EEG) processes are delineated. Activation differences in the rIFG are associated with this effect. Effects are discussed in neurobiological frameworks of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wolff
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Witold Chmielewski
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Buse
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU, Dresden, Germany
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Fishbein DH, Michael L, Guthrie C, Carr C, Raymer J. Associations Between Environmental Conditions and Executive Cognitive Functioning and Behavior During Late Childhood: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1263. [PMID: 31231280 PMCID: PMC6558397 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have established the influence of detrimental home conditions on child cognition and behavior; however, fewer have assessed these outcomes in the context of relatively "normal" range of home environmental conditions. Given the exquisite sensitivity to the environment of the neural substrates that undergird executive functioning (EF) and behavioral self-regulation in children, it is possible that a range of conditions within the home, even in the absence of maltreatment or economic deprivation, may impact these outcomes. The purpose of the present exploratory investigation was to further define the relationship between features of the home environment using the HOME inventory (a structured interview and observation of parent and child) and several dimensions of child EF and behavioral problems. In addition, this study sought to elucidate potentially differential associations between home and parent-reported neighborhood conditions-a hypothetically less direct influence on cognition in this age group-and level of child functioning. A battery of EF performance tasks and a widely-used checklist of behavioral problems were administered to 66 children, 8-11 years old from a lower middle income, working class sample. Results showed significant relationships between the home environment and several dimensions of EF and behavioral problems. In contrast, neighborhood conferred additional effects only on rule-breaking and aggression, not cognition, which is consistent with evidence that externalizing behavior in this age group becomes increasingly oriented toward outside influences. These findings warrant follow-up studies to establish causality. A broader program of research designed to delve further into the relationship between nuanced influences from the home and child cognition and behavior has implications for parenting strategies that foster healthy development. Neighborhood contexts should also be considered during early and mid-adolescent years based on existing studies and findings reported herein suggesting that this period of newfound autonomy and the heightened significance of peer relationships may influence externalizing behaviors, with implications for protective courses of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana H. Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Larry Michael
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Charles Guthrie
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Christine Carr
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - James Raymer
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Huang Y, Heil P, Brosch M. Associations between sounds and actions in early auditory cortex of nonhuman primates. eLife 2019; 8:43281. [PMID: 30946010 PMCID: PMC6467566 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual may need to take different actions to the same stimulus in different situations to achieve a given goal. The selection of the appropriate action hinges on the previously learned associations between stimuli, actions, and outcomes in the situations. Here, using a go/no-go paradigm and a symmetrical reward, we show that early auditory cortex of nonhuman primates represents such associations, in both the spiking activity and the local field potentials. Sound-evoked neuronal responses changed with sensorimotor associations shortly after sound onset, and the neuronal responses were largest when the sound signaled that a no-go response was required in a trial to obtain a reward. Our findings suggest that association processes take place in the auditory system and do not necessarily rely on association cortex. Thus, auditory cortex may contribute to a rapid selection of the appropriate motor responses to sounds during goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Special Lab Primate Neurobiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Heil
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Brosch
- Special Lab Primate Neurobiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Severe Hypoxia Does Not Offset the Benefits of Exercise on Cognitive Function in Sedentary Young Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16061003. [PMID: 30897697 PMCID: PMC6466299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the effect of acute moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed under normobaric severe hypoxia on cognition, compared to sea-level normoxia. Methods: Thirty healthy inactive women randomly performed two experimental trials separated by at least three days but at approximately the same time of day. Executive functions were measured during the follicular stage via an interference control task before (rest) and during exercise with 45% peak power output under normobaric normoxia (PIO₂ = 150 mmHg, FIO₂ = 0.21), and (2) hypoxia (PIO₂ = 87 mmHg, FIO₂ = 0.12, simulated at an altitude of 4000 m). Reaction time (RT), accuracy rate (AC), heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were collected before and during exercise. Results: RT (p < 0.05, η²p = 0.203) decreased during moderate exercise when compared at rest, while a short bout of severe hypoxia improved RT (p < 0.05, η²p = 0.134). Exercise and hypoxia had no effects on AC (p > 0.05). No significant associations were found between the changes of RT and SpO₂ under the conditions of normoxia and hypoxia (p > 0.05). Conclusions: At the same phase of the menstrual cycle, a short bout of severe hypoxia simulated at 4000 m altitude caused no impairment at rest. RT during moderate exercise ameliorated in normoxia and severe hypoxia, suggesting that both exercise and short-term severe hypoxia have benefits on cognitive function in sedentary young women.
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Han Z, Chen W, Chen X, Zhang K, Tong C, Zhang X, Li CT, Liang Z. Awake and behaving mouse fMRI during Go/No-Go task. Neuroimage 2019; 188:733-742. [PMID: 30611875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to examine the functional neural networks in both the evoked and resting states. However, most fMRI studies in rodents are performed under anesthesia, which greatly limits the scope of their application, and behavioral relevance. Efforts have been made to image rodents in the awake condition, either in the resting state or in response to sensory or optogenetic stimulation. However, fMRI in awake behaving rodents has not yet been achieved. In the current study, a novel fMRI paradigm for awake and behaving mice was developed, allowing functional imaging of the mouse brain in an olfaction-based go/no-go task. High resolution functional imaging with limited motion and image distortion were achieved at 9.4T with a cryogenic coil in awake and behaving mice. Distributed whole-brain spatiotemporal patterns were revealed, with drastically different activity profiles for go versus no-go trials. Therefore, we have demonstrated the feasibility of functional imaging of an olfactory behavior in awake mice. This fMRI paradigm in awake behaving mice could lead to novel insights into neural mechanisms underlying behaviors at a whole-brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xifan Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwei Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjun Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu T Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Neal LB, Gable PA. Shifts in frontal asymmetry underlying impulsive and controlled decision-making. Biol Psychol 2019; 140:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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31
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Fishburn FA, Hlutkowsky CO, Bemis LM, Huppert TJ, Wakschlag LS, Perlman SB. Irritability uniquely predicts prefrontal cortex activation during preschool inhibitory control among all temperament domains: A LASSO approach. Neuroimage 2019; 184:68-77. [PMID: 30213776 PMCID: PMC6230482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperament, defined as individual variation in the reactivity and regulation of emotional, motor, and attentional processes, has been shown to influence emotional and cognitive development during the preschool period (ages 4-5). While relationships between temperament and neural activity have been investigated previously, these have typically investigated individual temperament dimensions selected ad hoc. Since significant correlations exist between various temperament dimensions, it remains unclear whether these findings would replicate while analyzing all temperament dimensions simultaneously. Using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), 4-5-year-old children (N = 118) were administered a Go/No-Go task to assess prefrontal cortex activation during inhibitory control. The relationship between PFC activation and all 15 temperament domains defined by the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) was assessed using automatic feature selection via LASSO regression. Results indicate that only the Anger/Frustration dimension was predictive of activation during the inhibitory control task. These findings support previous work showing relationships between irritability and prefrontal activation during executive function and extend those findings by demonstrating the specificity of the activation-irritability relationship among temperament dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Fishburn
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States.
| | | | - Lisa M Bemis
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | | | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Northwestern University, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, United States; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, United States
| | - Susan B Perlman
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States
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32
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Omata K, Ito S, Takata Y, Ouchi Y. Similar Neural Correlates of Planning and Execution to Inhibit Continuing Actions. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:951. [PMID: 30631263 PMCID: PMC6315197 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of action is involved in stopping a movement, as well as terminating unnecessary movement during performance of a behavior. The inhibition of single actions, known as response inhibition (Inhibition of the urge to respond before or after actions) has been widely investigated using the go/no-go task and stop signal task. However, few studies focused on phase and volition-related inhibition after an action has been initiated. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of planning and execution underlying the voluntary inhibition of ongoing action. We collected fMRI data while participants performed a continuous finger-tapping task involving voluntary and involuntary (externally directed) inhibition, and during the initiation of movement. The results revealed areas of significantly greater activation during the preparation of inhibition of an ongoing action during voluntary inhibition, compared with involuntary inhibition, in the supplementary (SMA) and pre-supplementary motor areas, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inferior parietal lobe, bilateral globus pallidus/putamen, bilateral insula and premotor cortex. Focusing on the period of execution of inhibition of ongoing actions, an event-related fMRI analysis revealed significant activation in the SMA, middle cingulate cortex, bilateral insula, right IFG and inferior parietal cortex. Additional comparative analyses suggested that brain activation while participants were planning to inhibit an ongoing action was similar to that during planning to start an action, indicating that the same neural substrates of motor planning may be recruited even when an action is ongoing. The present finding that brain activation associated with inhibiting ongoing actions was compatible with that seen in response inhibition (urge to stop before/after actions) suggests that common inhibitory mechanisms for motor movement are involved in both actual and planned motor action, which makes our behavior keep going seamlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Omata
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ito
- Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu PET Imaging Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Youhei Takata
- Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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33
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Dick AS, Garic D, Graziano P, Tremblay P. The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function. Cortex 2018; 111:148-163. [PMID: 30481666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we examine the structural connectivity of a recently-identified fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), and explore its function. We first review structural connectivity studies using tract-tracing methods in non-human primates, and diffusion-weighted imaging and electrostimulation in humans. These studies suggest a monosynaptic connection exists between the lateral inferior frontal gyrus and the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas of the medial superior frontal gyrus. This connection is termed the FAT. We then review research on the left FAT's putative role in supporting speech and language function, with particular focus on speech initiation, stuttering and verbal fluency. Next, we review research on the right FAT's putative role supporting executive function, namely inhibitory control and conflict monitoring for action. We summarize the extant body of empirical work by suggesting that the FAT plays a domain general role in the planning, timing, and coordination of sequential motor movements through the resolution of competition among potential motor plans. However, we also propose some domain specialization across the hemispheres. On the left hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for speech actions. On the right hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for general action control of the organism, especially in the visuo-spatial domain. We close the review with a discussion of the clinical significance of the FAT, and suggestions for further research on the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dea Garic
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paulo Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pascale Tremblay
- Departement de Readaptation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
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Su H, Zuo C, Zhang H, Jiao F, Zhang B, Tang W, Geng D, Guan Y, Shi S. Regional cerebral metabolism alterations affect resting-state functional connectivity in major depressive disorder. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:910-924. [PMID: 30505720 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) is a reliable technique to quantify regional neural glucose metabolism even with major depressive disorder (MDD) heterogeneous features. Previous study proposed that in the resting-state (RS), pairs of brain regions whose regional glucose metabolic rates were significantly correlated were functionally associated. This synchronicity indicates a neuronal metabolic and functional interaction in high energy efficient brain regions. In this study, a multimode method was used to identify the RS-FC patterns based on regional metabolism changes, and to observe its relationship with the severity of depressive symptoms in MDD patients. Methods The study enrolled 11 medication-naive MDD patients and 14 healthy subjects. All participants received a static 18F-FDG PET brain scan and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) scan. SPM5 software was used to compare brain metabolism in MDD patients with that in healthy controls, and designated regions with a change in metabolism as regions of interest (ROIs). The glucose metabolism-based regional RS-FC Z values were compared between groups. Then group independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify the abnormal connectivity nodes in the intrinsic function networks. Finally, the correlation between abnormal RS-FC Z values and the severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated. Results Patients with MDD had reduced glucose metabolism in the putamen, claustrum, insular, inferior frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. The metabolic reduction regions impaired functional connectivity (FC) to key hubs, such as the Inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangular), angular gyrus, calcarine sulcus, middle frontal gyrus (MFG), located in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)/parietal lobe, salience network (SN), primary visual cortex (V1), and language network respectively. There was no correlation between aberrant connectivity and the severity of clinical symptoms. Conclusions This research puts forward a possibility that focal neural activity alteration may share RS-FC dysfunction and be susceptible to hubs in the functional network in MDD. In particular, the metabolism and function profiles of the Inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis) should be emphasized in future MDD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Huiwei Zhang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Fangyang Jiao
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Daoyin Geng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Shenxun Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Ardila A, Bernal B, Rosselli M. Executive Functions Brain System: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-analytic Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 33:379-405. [PMID: 28961762 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective To characterize commonalities and differences between two executive functions: reasoning and inhibitory control. Methods A total of 5,974 participants in 346 fMRI experiments of inhibition or reasoning were selected. First level analysis consisted of Analysis of Likelihood Estimation (ALE) studies performed in two pooled data groups: (a) brain areas involved in reasoning and (b) brain areas involved in inhibition. Second level analysis consisted of two contrasts: (i) brain areas involved in reasoning but not in inhibition and (ii) brain areas involved in inhibition but not in reasoning. Lateralization Indexes were calculated. Results Four brain areas appear as the most critical: the dorsolateral aspect of the frontal lobes, the superior parietal lobules, the mesial aspect of the premotor area (supplementary motor area), and some subcortical areas, particularly the putamen and the thalamus. ALE contrasts showed significant differentiation of the networks, with the reasoning > inhibition-contrast showing a predominantly leftward participation, and the inhibition > reasoning-contrast, a clear right advantage. Conclusion Executive functions are mediated by sizable brain areas including not only cortical, but also involving subcortical areas in both hemispheres. The strength of activation shows dissociation between the hemispheres for inhibition (rightward) and reasoning (leftward) functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ardila
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Byron Bernal
- Department of Radiology/Brain Institute, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Monica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
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36
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Causal role of the inferolateral prefrontal cortex in balancing goal-directed and habitual control of behavior. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9382. [PMID: 29925889 PMCID: PMC6010441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful adaptation to complex environments depends on the balance of at least two systems: a flexible but slow goal-directed system encoding action-outcome associations and an efficient but rigid habitual system linking responses to preceding stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the inferolateral prefrontal cortex (ilPFC), a region well known to contribute to cognitive control processes, may play a crucial role in the balance of goal-directed and habitual responding. This evidence, however, comes mainly from correlational data and whether the ilPFC is indeed causally involved in the goal-directed vs. habitual control of behavior is unclear. Here, we used neuro-navigated theta-burst stimulation (TBS) to either inhibit or enhance right ilPFC functionality before participants completed an instrumental learning task designed to probe goal-directed vs. habitual behavioral control. TBS did not affect overall learning performance. However, participants that had received inhibitory TBS were less able to adapt their behavior to altered task demands, indicating a shift from goal-directed towards more habitual control of behavior. Sham or excitatory TMS groups showed no such effect and were comparable in their performance to an unstimulated control group. Our findings indicate a causal role of the ilPFC in the balance of goal-directed vs. habitual control of behavior.
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37
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Weiss AR, Gillies MJ, Philiastides MG, Apps MA, Whittington MA, FitzGerald JJ, Boccard SG, Aziz TZ, Green AL. Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortices Differentially Lateralize Prediction Errors and Outcome Valence in a Decision-Making Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:203. [PMID: 29872384 PMCID: PMC5972193 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is proposed to facilitate learning by signaling mismatches between the expected outcome of decisions and the actual outcomes in the form of prediction errors. The dACC is also proposed to discriminate outcome valence-whether a result has positive (either expected or desirable) or negative (either unexpected or undesirable) value. However, direct electrophysiological recordings from human dACC to validate these separate, but integrated, dimensions have not been previously performed. We hypothesized that local field potentials (LFPs) would reveal changes in the dACC related to prediction error and valence and used the unique opportunity offered by deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in the dACC of three human subjects to test this hypothesis. We used a cognitive task that involved the presentation of object pairs, a motor response, and audiovisual feedback to guide future object selection choices. The dACC displayed distinctly lateralized theta frequency (3-8 Hz) event-related potential responses-the left hemisphere dACC signaled outcome valence and prediction errors while the right hemisphere dACC was involved in prediction formation. Multivariate analyses provided evidence that the human dACC response to decision outcomes reflects two spatiotemporally distinct early and late systems that are consistent with both our lateralized electrophysiological results and the involvement of the theta frequency oscillatory activity in dACC cognitive processing. Further findings suggested that dACC does not respond to other phases of action-outcome-feedback tasks such as the motor response which supports the notion that dACC primarily signals information that is crucial for behavioral monitoring and not for motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Weiss
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martin J Gillies
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marios G Philiastides
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Apps
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - James J FitzGerald
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra G Boccard
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tipu Z Aziz
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Green
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Yamasaki T, Ogawa A, Osada T, Jimura K, Konishi S. Within-Subject Correlation Analysis to Detect Functional Areas Associated With Response Inhibition. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:208. [PMID: 29872386 PMCID: PMC5972214 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional areas in fMRI studies are often detected by brain-behavior correlation, calculating across-subject correlation between the behavioral index and the brain activity related to a function of interest. Within-subject correlation analysis is also employed in a single subject level, which utilizes cognitive fluctuations in a shorter time period by correlating the behavioral index with the brain activity across trials. In the present study, the within-subject analysis was applied to the stop-signal task, a standard task to probe response inhibition, where efficiency of response inhibition can be evaluated by the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). Since the SSRT is estimated, by definition, not in a trial basis but from pooled trials, the correlation across runs was calculated between the SSRT and the brain activity related to response inhibition. The within-subject correlation revealed negative correlations in the anterior cingulate cortex and the cerebellum. Moreover, the dissociation pattern was observed in the within-subject analysis when earlier vs. later parts of the runs were analyzed: negative correlation was dominant in earlier runs, whereas positive correlation was dominant in later runs. Regions of interest analyses revealed that the negative correlation in the anterior cingulate cortex, but not in the cerebellum, was dominant in earlier runs, suggesting multiple mechanisms associated with inhibitory processes that fluctuate on a run-by-run basis. These results indicate that the within-subject analysis compliments the across-subject analysis by highlighting different aspects of cognitive/affective processes related to response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamasaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Jimura
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University School of Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Rosenbaum D, Thomas M, Hilsendegen P, Metzger FG, Haeussinger FB, Nuerk HC, Fallgatter AJ, Nieratschker V, Ehlis AC. Stress-related dysfunction of the right inferior frontal cortex in high ruminators: An fNIRS study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:510-517. [PMID: 29560307 PMCID: PMC5857918 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive thinking styles such as rumination are considered to be a key factor in the development and maintenance of mental disorders. Different situational triggers (e.g., social stressors) have been shown to elicit rumination in subjects exhibiting such habitual thinking styles. At the same time, the process of rumination influences the adaption to stressful situations. The study at hand aims to investigate the effect of trait rumination on neuronal activation patterns during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) as well as the physiological and affective adaptation to this high-stress situation. Methods A sample of 23 high and 22 low ruminators underwent the TSST and two control conditions while their cortical hemodynamic reactions were measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Additional behavioral, physiological and endocrinological measures of the stress response were assessed. Results Subjects showed a linear increase from non-stressful control conditions to the TSST in cortical activity of the cognitive control network (CCN) and dorsal attention network (DAN), comprising the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior parietal cortex/somatosensory association cortex (SAC). During stress, high ruminators showed attenuated cortical activity in the right IFG, whereby deficits in IFG activation mediated group differences in post-stress state rumination and negative affect. Conclusions Aberrant activation of the CCN and DAN during social stress likely reflects deficits in inhibition and attention with corresponding negative emotional and cognitive consequences. The results shed light on possible neuronal underpinnings by which high trait rumination may act as a risk factor for the development of clinical syndromes. This is the first study that assessed cortical activity during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in low and high ruminators High trait ruminators were more strongly affected by the TSST on negative affect, state-rumination and cortical activation During the TSST, a significant increase of cortical activity was observed in parts of the cognitive control network High ruminators showed impairments in the activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during stress IFG reactivity mediated effects of group membership on post-stress negative affect and state rumination
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Mara Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paula Hilsendegen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian G Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Geriatric Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian B Haeussinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Nuerk
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Center of Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Center of Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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40
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Gilman JM, Radoman M, Schuster RM, Pachas G, Azzouz N, Fava M, Evins AE. Anterior insula activation during inhibition to smoking cues is associated with ability to maintain tobacco abstinence. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 7:40-46. [PMID: 29450255 PMCID: PMC5805503 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse to smoking after initial abstinence is a major clinical challenge with significant public health consequences. At the brain and behavioral level, those who relapse to tobacco smoking have both greater cue-reactivity and lower inhibitory control than those who remain abstinent. Little is known about neural activation during inhibitory control tasks in the presence of drug-related cues. In the current study, tobacco smokers (SMK; n = 22) and non-smoking controls (CON; n = 19) completed a Go/NoGo task involving smoking cues during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Following the scan session, smokers were required to quit smoking, and maintenance of abstinence was evaluated as part of a 12-week smoking cessation trial. We evaluated pre-cessation brain activity during NoGo trials in smokers who were versus were not able to quit smoking. We then compared fMRI and inhibitory control measures between smokers and non-smokers. We did not find differences between SMK and CON in performance or activation to smoking or neutral cues. However, compared to SMK who relapsed, SMK who attained biochemically-validated abstinence at the end of the smoking cessation trial had greater neural activation in the anterior insula during NoGo trials specifically with smoking-related cues. Results indicate that within SMK, decreased inhibitory control activation during direct exposure to drug-related stimuli may be a marker of difficulty quitting and relapse vulnerability. Smokers and controls showed no differences in performance or activation to smoking or neutral cues. Abstinent smokers compared to relapsers had greater activation in the insula during NoGo trials with smoking-related cues. Within smokers, decreased NoGo activation during exposure to drug-related cues may be a marker of relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milena Radoman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randi M Schuster
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gladys Pachas
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nour Azzouz
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Eden Evins
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Monteleone AM, Castellini G, Volpe U, Ricca V, Lelli L, Monteleone P, Maj M. Neuroendocrinology and brain imaging of reward in eating disorders: A possible key to the treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:132-142. [PMID: 28259721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are severe eating disorders whose etiopathogenesis is still unknown. Clinical features suggest that eating disorders may develop as reward-dependent syndromes, since eating less food is perceived as rewarding in anorexia nervosa while consumption of large amounts of food during binge episodes in bulimia nervosa aims at reducing the patient's negative emotional states. Therefore, brain reward mechanisms have been a major focus of research in the attempt to contribute to the comprehension of the pathophysiology of these disorders. Structural brain imaging data provided the evidence that brain reward circuits may be altered in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Similarly, functional brain imaging studies exploring the activation of brain reward circuits by food stimuli as well as by stimuli recognized to be potentially rewarding for eating disordered patients, such as body image cues or stimuli related to food deprivation and physical hyperactivity, showed several dysfunctions in ED patients. Moreover, very recently, it has been demonstrated that some of the biochemical homeostatic modulators of eating behavior are also implicated in the regulation of food-related and non-food-related reward, representing a possible link between the aberrant behaviors of ED subjects and their hypothesized deranged reward processes. In particular, changes in leptin and ghrelin occur in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa and have been suggested to represent not only homeostatic adaptations to an altered energy balance but to contribute also to the acquisition and/or maintenance of persistent starvation, binge eating and physical hyperactivity, which are potentially rewarding for ED patients. On the basis of such findings new pathogenetic models of EDs have been proposed, and these models may provide new theoretical basis for the development of innovative treatment strategies, either psychological and pharmacological, with the aim to improve the outcomes of so severe disabling disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
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42
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Taylor RM, Fealy SM, Bisquera A, Smith R, Collins CE, Evans TJ, Hure AJ. Effects of Nutritional Interventions during Pregnancy on Infant and Child Cognitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1265. [PMID: 29156647 PMCID: PMC5707737 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that folate, iodine and iron intake during pregnancy impacts on foetal brain development and cognitive function. However, in human studies, the relationship with other dietary nutrients is less clear. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to critically appraise the current literature and meta-analyses results from nutritional interventions during pregnancy that aimed to optimise infant and child cognitive outcomes. DESIGN Ten electronic databases were searched for articles published up to August 2017. The search was limited to articles published in English. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing the impact of any nutritional intervention (dietary counselling, education, nutrient supplementation, fortified foods and/or foods) during pregnancy on cognitive outcomes of children (<10 years old). Two independent reviewers assessed study eligibility and quality using the American Dietetic Association quality criteria checklist for primary research. Standardised mean differences were used for nine cognitive domains to measure effects for meta-analyses. RESULTS A total of 34 RCTs were included (21 studies included children aged less than 35 months, 10 studies included children aged 36-60 months and 3 studies included children aged 61-119 months). The types of nutritional interventions included nutrient supplements, whole foods, fortified foods and nutrition education. The following nine cognition outcomes: attention, behaviour, crystallised intelligence, fluid intelligence, global cognition, memory, motor skills, visual processing, and problem solving were not significantly impacted by nutritional interventions, although 65% of studies conducted post-hoc data analyses and were likely to be underpowered. Although, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation was associated with a marginal increase in crystallised intelligence (Effect size (ES): 0.25; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -0.04, 0.53), the effect was not statistically significant (p = 0.09), with significant study heterogeneity (p = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS LCPUFA supplementation may be associated with an improvement in child crystallised intelligence, however further research is warranted. The remaining eight cognition domains were not significantly impacted by maternal nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Taylor
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Shanna M Fealy
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Alessandra Bisquera
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
- Clinical Research Design IT and Statistical Support (CReDITSS) Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Roger Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Clare E Collins
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Tiffany-Jane Evans
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
- Clinical Research Design IT and Statistical Support (CReDITSS) Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Alexis J Hure
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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43
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Mückschel M, Dippel G, Beste C. Distinguishing stimulus and response codes in theta oscillations in prefrontal areas during inhibitory control of automated responses. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5681-5690. [PMID: 28782869 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition mechanisms are mediated via cortical and subcortical networks. At the cortical level, the superior frontal gyrus, including the supplementary motor area (SMA) and inferior frontal areas, is important. There is an ongoing debate about the functional roles of these structures during response inhibition as it is unclear whether these structures process different codes or contents of information during response inhibition. In the current study, we examined this question with a focus on theta frequency oscillations during response inhibition processes. We used a standard Go/Nogo task in a sample of human participants and combined different EEG signal decomposition methods with EEG beamforming approaches. The results suggest that stimulus coding during inhibitory control is attained by oscillations in the upper theta frequency band (∼7 Hz). In contrast, response selection codes during inhibitory control appear to be attained by the lower theta frequency band (∼4 Hz). Importantly, these different codes seem to be processed in distinct functional neuroanatomical structures. Although the SMA may process stimulus codes and response selection codes, the inferior frontal cortex may selectively process response selection codes during inhibitory control. Taken together, the results suggest that different entities within the functional neuroanatomical network associated with response inhibition mechanisms process different kinds of codes during inhibitory control. These codes seem to be reflected by different oscillations within the theta frequency band. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5681-5690, 2017. © 2017 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mückschel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany.,MS Centre Dresden, Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriel Dippel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany.,Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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44
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The proactive self-control of actions: Time-course of underlying brain activities. Neuroimage 2017; 156:388-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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45
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Gable PA, Neal LB, Threadgill AH. Regulatory behavior and frontal activity: Considering the role of revised-BIS in relative right frontal asymmetry. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Gable
- Department of Psychology; The University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa Alabama
| | - Lauren B. Neal
- Department of Psychology; The University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa Alabama
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46
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Hampton WH, Alm KH, Venkatraman V, Nugiel T, Olson IR. Dissociable frontostriatal white matter connectivity underlies reward and motor impulsivity. Neuroimage 2017; 150:336-343. [PMID: 28189592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of cognitive control often leads to impulsive decision-making in clinical and healthy populations. Some research suggests that a generalized cognitive control mechanism underlies the ability to modulate various types of impulsive behavior, while other evidence suggests different forms of impulsivity are dissociable, and rely on distinct neural circuitry. Past research consistently implicates several brain regions, such as the striatum and portions of the prefrontal cortex, in impulsive behavior. However the ventral and dorsal striatum are distinct in regards to function and connectivity. Nascent evidence points to the importance of frontostriatal white matter connectivity in impulsivity, yet it remains unclear whether particular tracts relate to different control behaviors. Here we used probabilistic tractography of diffusion imaging data to relate ventral and dorsal frontostriatal connectivity to reward and motor impulsivity measures. We found a double dissociation such that individual differences in white matter connectivity between the ventral striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was associated with reward impulsivity, as measured by delay discounting, whereas connectivity between dorsal striatum and supplementary motor area was associated with motor impulsivity, but not vice versa. Our findings suggest that (a) structural connectivity can is associated with a large amount of behavioral variation; (b) different types of impulsivity are driven by dissociable frontostriatal neural circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hampton
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, USA; Decision Neuroscience, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, USA
| | - Kylie H Alm
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, USA
| | - Vinod Venkatraman
- Department of Marketing & Supply Chain Management, Fox School of Business, Temple University, USA; Decision Neuroscience, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, USA
| | - Tehila Nugiel
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, USA; Decision Neuroscience, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, USA.
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47
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Kim JS, Kim S, Jung W, Im CH, Lee SH. Auditory evoked potential could reflect emotional sensitivity and impulsivity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37683. [PMID: 27910865 PMCID: PMC5133541 DOI: 10.1038/srep37683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional sensitivity and impulsivity could cause interpersonal conflicts and neuropsychiatric problems. Serotonin is correlated with behavioral inhibition and impulsivity. This study evaluated whether the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP), a potential biological marker of central serotonergic activity, could reflect emotional sensitivity and impulsivity. A total of 157 healthy individuals were recruited, who performed LDAEP and Go/Nogo paradigms during electroencephalogram measurement. Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS), Conners’ Adult ADHD rating scale (CAARS), and affective lability scale (ALS) were evaluated. Comparison between low and high LDAEP groups was conducted for behavioural, psychological, and event-related potential (ERP) measures. The high LDAEP group showed significantly increased BIS, a subscale of the CAARS, ALS, and false alarm rate of Nogo stimuli compared to the low LDAEP group. LDAEP showed significant positive correlations with the depression scale, ALS scores, subscale of the CAARS and Nogo-P3 amplitude. In the source activity of Nogo-P3, the cuneus, lingual gyrus, and precentral gyrus activities were significantly increased in the high LDAEP group. Our study revealed that LDAEP could reflect emotional sensitivity and impulsivity. LDAEP, an auditory evoked potential could be a useful tool to evaluate emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyoung Jung
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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48
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Lo CC, Wang XJ. Conflict Resolution as Near-Threshold Decision-Making: A Spiking Neural Circuit Model with Two-Stage Competition for Antisaccadic Task. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005081. [PMID: 27551824 PMCID: PMC4995026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic responses enable us to react quickly and effortlessly, but they often need to be inhibited so that an alternative, voluntary action can take place. To investigate the brain mechanism of controlled behavior, we investigated a biologically-based network model of spiking neurons for inhibitory control. In contrast to a simple race between pro- versus anti-response, our model incorporates a sensorimotor remapping module, and an action-selection module endowed with a “Stop” process through tonic inhibition. Both are under the modulation of rule-dependent control. We tested the model by applying it to the well known antisaccade task in which one must suppress the urge to look toward a visual target that suddenly appears, and shift the gaze diametrically away from the target instead. We found that the two-stage competition is crucial for reproducing the complex behavior and neuronal activity observed in the antisaccade task across multiple brain regions. Notably, our model demonstrates two types of errors: fast and slow. Fast errors result from failing to inhibit the quick automatic responses and therefore exhibit very short response times. Slow errors, in contrast, are due to incorrect decisions in the remapping process and exhibit long response times comparable to those of correct antisaccade responses. The model thus reveals a circuit mechanism for the empirically observed slow errors and broad distributions of erroneous response times in antisaccade. Our work suggests that selecting between competing automatic and voluntary actions in behavioral control can be understood in terms of near-threshold decision-making, sharing a common recurrent (attractor) neural circuit mechanism with discrimination in perception. We propose a novel neural circuit mechanism and construct a spiking neural network model for resolving conflict between an automatic response and a volitional one. In this mechanism the two types of responses compete against each other under the modulation of top-down control via multiple neural pathways. The model is able to reproduce a wide range of neuronal and behavioral features observed in various studies and provides insights into not just how subjects make correct responses and fast errors, but also why they make slow errors, a type of error often overlooked by previous modeling studies. The model suggests critical roles of tonic (non-racing) top-down inhibition and near-threshold decision-making in neural competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chuan Lo
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCL); (XJW)
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (CCL); (XJW)
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49
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Mansouri FA, Fehring DJ, Feizpour A, Gaillard A, Rosa MG, Rajan R, Jaberzadeh S. Direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex modulates error-induced behavioral adjustments. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1856-69. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farshad A. Mansouri
- Department of Physiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Integrative Brain Function; Monash University; Clayton, Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Daniel J. Fehring
- Department of Physiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Azadeh Feizpour
- Department of Physiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Alexandra Gaillard
- Department of Physiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Marcello G.P. Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Integrative Brain Function; Monash University; Clayton, Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Ramesh Rajan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Integrative Brain Function; Monash University; Clayton, Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory; Department of Physiotherapy; Monash University; Clayton, Melbourne Vic. Australia
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Congdon E, Canli T. The Endophenotype of Impulsivity: Reaching Consilience Through Behavioral, Genetic, and Neuroimaging Approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4:262-81. [PMID: 16585800 DOI: 10.1177/1534582305285980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct with implications for understanding the etiology and treatment of multiple forms of psychopathology. As a multidimensional construct, however, the processes underlying impulsivity, particularly behavioral inhibition, must be separated to allow for investigations into its neurogenetic bases. Evidence from both animal and human studies supports the role of dopamine in impulsivity, and neuroimaging research is elucidating brain regions involved in behavioral inhibition. Evidence is now emerging that suggests an interaction between dopamine system genes and frontal brain regions in underlying individual differences in behavioral inhibition. However, to reach a comprehensive understanding of the neurogenetic bases of behavioral inhibition, an appropriate framework is required. Therefore, it is proposed that by identifying intervening variables more sensitive to the effects of genetic variation, known as an endophenotype approach, we will be able to overcome many of the methodological limitations that prevent a better understanding at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Congdon
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
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