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Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Tests for learning and memory in rodent regulatory studies. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100151. [PMID: 38304257 PMCID: PMC10832385 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
For decades, regulatory guidelines for safety assessment in rodents for drugs, chemicals, pesticides, and food additives with developmental neurotoxic potential have recommended a single test of learning and memory (L&M). In recent years some agencies have requested two such tests. Given the importance of higher cognitive function to health, and the fact that different types of L&M are mediated by different brain regions assessing higher functions represents a step forward in providing better evidence-based protection against adverse brain effects. Given the myriad of tests available for assessing L&M in rodents this leads to the question of which tests best fit regulatory guidelines. To address this question, we begin by describing the central role of two types of L&M essential to all mammalian species and the regions/networks that mediate them. We suggest that the tests recommended possess characteristics that make them well suited to the needs in regulatory safety studies. By brain region, these are (1) the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex for spatial navigation, which assesses explicit L&M for reference and episodic memory and (2) the striatum and related structures for egocentric navigation, which assesses implicit or procedural memory and path integration. Of the tests available, we suggest that in this context, the evidence supports the use of water mazes, specifically, the Morris water maze (MWM) for spatial L&M and the Cincinnati water maze (CWM) for egocentric/procedural L&M. We review the evidentiary basis for these tests, describe their use, and explain procedures that optimize their sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles V. Vorhees
- Corresponding author at: Div. of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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2
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Friedenberger Z, Harkin E, Tóth K, Naud R. Silences, spikes and bursts: Three-part knot of the neural code. J Physiol 2023; 601:5165-5193. [PMID: 37889516 DOI: 10.1113/jp281510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When a neuron breaks silence, it can emit action potentials in a number of patterns. Some responses are so sudden and intense that electrophysiologists felt the need to single them out, labelling action potentials emitted at a particularly high frequency with a metonym - bursts. Is there more to bursts than a figure of speech? After all, sudden bouts of high-frequency firing are expected to occur whenever inputs surge. The burst coding hypothesis advances that the neural code has three syllables: silences, spikes and bursts. We review evidence supporting this ternary code in terms of devoted mechanisms for burst generation, synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. We also review the learning and attention theories for which such a triad is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Friedenberger
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neural Dynamics and Artifical Intelligence, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Ottawa
| | - Emerson Harkin
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Naud
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neural Dynamics and Artifical Intelligence, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Ottawa
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3
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McDermott KD, Frechou MA, Jordan JT, Martin SS, Gonçalves JT. Delayed formation of neural representations of space in aged mice. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13924. [PMID: 37491802 PMCID: PMC10497831 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive deficits, with spatial memory being very susceptible to decline. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is important for processing spatial information in the brain and is particularly vulnerable to aging, yet its sparse activity has led to difficulties in assessing changes in this area. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we compared DG neuronal activity and representations of space in young and aged mice walking on an unfamiliar treadmill. We found that calcium activity was significantly higher and less tuned to location in aged mice, resulting in decreased spatial information encoded in the DG. However, with repeated exposure to the same treadmill, both spatial tuning and information levels in aged mice became similar to young mice, while activity remained elevated. Our results show that spatial representations of novel environments are impaired in the aged hippocampus and gradually improve with increased familiarity. Moreover, while the aged DG is hyperexcitable, this does not disrupt neural representations of familiar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey D. McDermott
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - M. Agustina Frechou
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Jake T. Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Sunaina S. Martin
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Tiago Gonçalves
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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4
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Xu X, Feng Y, Wang J, Salvi R, Yin X, Gao J, Chen Y. Auditory-limbic-cerebellum interactions and cognitive impairments in noise-induced hearing loss. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:932-940. [PMID: 36377461 PMCID: PMC9928548 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the neural substrate of hearing loss-related central nervous system in rats and its correlation with cognition. METHODS We identified the neural mechanism for these debilitating abnormalities by inducing a bilateral hearing loss animal model using intense broadband noise (122 dB of broadband noise for 2 h) and used the Morris water maze test to characterize the behavioral changes at 6 months post-noise exposure. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted to clarify disrupted functional network using bilateral auditory cortex (ACx) as a seed. Structural diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was applied to illustrate characteristics of fibers in ACx and hippocampus. Pearson correlation was computed behavioral tests and other features. RESULTS A deficit in spatial learning/memory, body weight, and negative correlation between them was observed. Functional connectivity revealed weakened coupling within the ACx and inferior colliculus, lateral lemniscus, the primary motor cortex, the olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, and the paraflocculus lobe of the cerebellum. The fiber number and mean length of ACx and different hippocampal subregions were also damaged in hearing loss rats. CONCLUSION A new model of auditory-limbic-cerebellum interactions accounting for noise-induced hearing loss and cognitive impairments is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Min Xu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Human Communication DisordersDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and DeafnessUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Gao
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of JiangsuNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu‐Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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5
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Alghamdi BS. The Effect of Melatonin and Exercise on Social Isolation-Related Behavioral Changes in Aged Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:828965. [PMID: 35211007 PMCID: PMC8861461 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.828965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) is well established as an environmental factor that negatively influences different behavioral parameters, including cognitive function, anxiety, and social interaction, depending on the age of isolation. Aging is a physiological process that is associated with changes in cognitive function, locomotor activity, anxiety and emotional responses. Few studies have investigated the effect of SI in senescence, or possible interventions. In the current study, we investigated the possible complementary effects of melatonin (MLT) and exercise (Ex) in improving SI-related behavioral changes in aged rats. Forty aged Wistar rats (24 months old) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 per group): Control (group housing), SI (individual housing for 7 weeks), SI + MLT (SI rats treated with 0.4 mg MLT/ml in drinking water), SI + Ex (SI rats treated with 60 min of swimming), and SI + MLT + Ex (SI rats treated with both MLT and Ex). Different behavioral tasks were conducted in the following sequence: open field test, elevated plus maze test, sucrose preference test, Y maze test, and Morris water maze test. Locomotor activities measured by total distance moved and velocity revealed that SI + Ex (P = 0.0038; P = 0.0015) and SI + MLT + Ex (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0003) significantly improved the locomotor activity compared with SI rats but SI + MLT (P = 0.0599; P = 0.0627) rats showed no significant change. Anxiety index score was significantly improved in SI + MLT + Ex (P = 0.0256) compared with SI rats while SI + MLT (P > 0.9999) and SI + Ex (P = 0.2943) rats showed no significant change. Moreover, latency to reach the platform in Morris water maze was significantly reduced at day 5 in SI + MLT + Ex (P = 0.0457) compared with SI rats but no change was detected in SI + MLT (P = 0.7314) or SI + Ex (P = 0.1676) groups. In conclusion, this study supports the possible potential of MLT in combination with Ex in improving physical activity, anxiety, and cognitive functions in aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrah Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Badrah Saeed Alghamdi, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-3609
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6
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Marks WD, Yamamoto N, Kitamura T. Complementary roles of differential medial entorhinal cortex inputs to the hippocampus for the formation and integration of temporal and contextual memory (Systems Neuroscience). Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6762-6779. [PMID: 32277786 PMCID: PMC8187108 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In humans and rodents, the entorhinal cortical (EC)-hippocampal (HPC) circuit is crucial for the formation and recall of memory, preserving both spatial information and temporal information about the occurrence of past events. Both modeling and experimental studies have revealed circuits within this network that play crucial roles in encoding space and context. However, our understanding about the time-related aspects of memory is just beginning to be understood. In this review, we first describe updates regarding recent anatomical discoveries for the EC-HPC network, as several important neural circuits critical for memory formation have been discovered by newly developed neural tracing technologies. Second, we examine the complementary roles of multiple medial entorhinal cortical inputs, including newly discovered circuits, into the hippocampus for the temporal and spatial aspects of memory. Finally, we will discuss how temporal and contextual memory information is integrated in HPC cornu ammonis 1 cells. We provide new insights into the neural circuit mechanisms for anatomical and functional segregation and integration of the temporal and spatial aspects of memory encoding in the EC-HPC networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Marks
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Takashi Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
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Johnston M, Scarf D, Wilson A, Millar J, Bartonicek A, Colombo M. The effects of hippocampal and area parahippocampalis lesions on the processing and retention of serial-order behavior, autoshaping, and spatial behavior in pigeons. Hippocampus 2020; 31:261-280. [PMID: 33274822 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of the avian hippocampus and area parahippocampalis in serial-order behavior and a variety of other tasks known to be sensitive to hippocampal damage in mammals. Damage to the hippocampus and area parahippocampalis caused impairments in autoshaping and performance on an analogue of a radial-arm maze task, but had no effect on acquisition of 2-item, 3-item, and 4-item serial-order lists. Additionally, the lesions had no effect on the retention of 3-items lists, or on the ability to perform novel derived lists composed of elements from lists they had previously learned. The impairments in autoshaping and spatial behavior are consistent with the findings in mammals. The absence of impairments on the serial-order task may also be consistent once one considers that damage to the hippocampus in mammals seems to affect more internally-organized rather than externally-organized serial-order tasks. Together, the findings support the view that the avian hippocampal complex serves a function very similar to the mammalian hippocampus, a finding that is interesting given that the architecture of the avian hippocampus differs dramatically from that of the mammalian hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Johnston
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Damian Scarf
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alysha Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Millar
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Adam Bartonicek
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Colombo
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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8
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Porcu M, Cocco L, Saloner D, Suri JS, Montisci R, Carriero A, Saba L. Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis: The Effects on Brain and Cognition with a Focus on Resting‐State Functional Connectivity. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:736-745. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, AOU of Cagliari University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Luigi Cocco
- Department of Neurology University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - David Saloner
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Jasjit S. Suri
- Diagnostic and Monitoring Division AtheroPoint™ Roseville CA
| | - Roberto Montisci
- Department of Vascular Surgery AOU of Cagliari University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Alessandro Carriero
- Radiology Department, University of Eastern Piedmont “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital Novara Italy
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, AOU of Cagliari University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
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9
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Mooney-Leber SM, Brummelte S. Neonatal pain and reduced maternal care alter adult behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in a sex-specific manner. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:631-643. [PMID: 31788799 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Preterm infants often spend a significant amount of time in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) where they are exposed to many stressors including pain and reduced maternal care. These early-life stressful experiences can have negative consequences on brain maturation during the neonatal period; however, less is known about the long-term cognitive and affective outcomes. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of neonatal pain and reduced maternal care on adult behavior and HPA axis reactivity in an animal model. Male and female rats underwent a series of repetitive needle pokes and/or reduced maternal care (through a novel tea ball infuser encapsulation method) during the first 4 days of life and were then assessed in a battery of behavioral tests as adults. We found that early-life pain enhanced spatial learning independent of the animal's sex, but altered HPA recovery from an acute stressor in females only. Moreover, reduced maternal care altered long-term spatial memory and reversal learning in males. These findings indicate that neonatal stressors have unique sex-dependent long-term biobehavioral effects in rodents. Continued examination of the behavioral consequences of these stressors may help explain varying vulnerability and resiliency in preterm infants who experienced early stress in the NICU.
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10
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Dringenberg HC. The history of long-term potentiation as a memory mechanism: Controversies, confirmation, and some lessons to remember. Hippocampus 2020; 30:987-1012. [PMID: 32442358 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP) provided the first, direct evidence for long-lasting synaptic plasticity in the living brain. Consequently, LTP was proposed to serve as a mechanism for information storage among neurons, thus providing the basis for the behavioral and psychological phenomena of learning and long-term memory formation. However, for several decades, the LTP-memory hypothesis remained highly controversial, with inconsistent and contradictory evidence providing a barrier to its general acceptance. This review summarizes the history of these early debates, challenges, and experimental strategies (successful and unsuccessful) to establish a link between LTP and memory. Together, the empirical evidence, gathered over a period of about four decades, strongly suggests that LTP serves as one of the mechanisms affording learning and memory storage in neuronal circuits. Notably, this body of work also offers some important lessons that apply to the broader fields of behavioral and cognitive neuroscience. As such, the history of LTP as a learning mechanism provides valuable insights to neuroscientists exploring the relations between brain and psychological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Dringenberg
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Ishola IO, Balogun AO, Adeyemi OO. Novel potential of metformin on valproic acid-induced autism spectrum disorder in rats: involvement of antioxidant defence system. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:650-661. [PMID: 32415700 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to increase the risk of autism in children. This study examined the effect of metformin on VPA-induced autism spectrum disorders in rats. Pregnant albino rats administered VPA (500 mg/kg, i.p.) or normal saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.; vehicle-control) on gestational day 12.5. The pups were given metformin (5, 50 or 500 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (10 mL/kg, p.o.) daily from postnatal day (PND) 21-50. Social behaviour, spatial learning/reference memory, repetitive behaviour and anxiety were assessed using the three-chamber social assay, Morris water maze (MWM), Y maze and elevated plus maze tests (EPM), respectively. On PND 51, the animals were euthanized and brains removed for biochemical assay. In utero VPA exposure caused significant reduction in sociability index, social novelty preference index in three-chambered apparatus and spatial learning and reference memory deficits in the MWM task as well as increase in repetitive/anxiety-like behaviour in Y maze and EPM tests, respectively, which were ameliorated by post-treatment with metformin in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, prenatal VPA increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels as well as deficits in antioxidant enzymes activities in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) which were attenuated by metformin administration. Similarly, VPA-induced increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and PFC were attenuated by postnatal treatment with metformin. Findings from this study showed that postnatal administration of metformin prevented valproic acid-induced autistic-like behaviour. Hence, metformin could be a potential adjunct in the management of autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Aishat O Balogun
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
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12
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Broadbent N, Lumeij LB, Corcoles M, Ayres AI, Bin Ibrahim MZ, Masatsugu B, Moreno A, Carames JM, Begg E, Strickland L, Mazidzoglou T, Padanyi A, Munoz-Lopez M, Takeuchi T, Peters M, Morris RGM, Tse D. A stable home-base promotes allocentric memory representations of episodic-like everyday spatial memory. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:1539-1558. [PMID: 31944427 PMCID: PMC7614820 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A key issue in neurobiological studies of episodic-like memory is the geometric frame of reference in which memory traces of experience are stored. Assumptions are sometimes made that specific protocols favour either allocentric (map-like) or egocentric (body-centred) representations. There are, however, grounds for suspecting substantial ambiguity about coding strategy, including the necessity to use both frames of reference occasionally, but tests of memory representation are not routinely conducted. Using rats trained to find and dig up food in sandwells at a particular place in an event arena (episodic-like 'action-where' encoding), we show that a protocol previously thought to foster allocentric encoding is ambiguous but more predisposed towards egocentric encoding. Two changes in training protocol were examined with a view to promoting preferential allocentric encoding-one in which multiple start locations were used within a session as well as between sessions; and another that deployed a stable home-base to which the animals had to carry food reward. Only the stable home-base protocol led to excellent choice performance which rigorous analyses revealed to be blocked by occluding extra-arena cues when this was done after encoding but before recall. The implications of these findings for studies of episodic-like memory are that the representational framework of memory at the start of a recall trial will likely include a path direction in the egocentric case but path destination in the allocentric protocol. This difference should be observable in single-unit recording or calcium-imaging studies of spatially-tuned cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Berend Lumeij
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marta Corcoles
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alice I Ayres
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Andrea Moreno
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jose-Maria Carames
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth Begg
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lauren Strickland
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Theofilos Mazidzoglou
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Padanyi
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Monica Munoz-Lopez
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), School of Medicine, Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marco Peters
- Dart Neuroscience, San Diego, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard G M Morris
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dorothy Tse
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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13
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Dodge NC, Thomas KGF, Meintjes EM, Molteno CD, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW. Reduced Hippocampal Volumes Partially Mediate Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Spatial Navigation on a Virtual Water Maze Task in Children. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:844-855. [PMID: 32196695 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been linked to poorer performance on the Morris water maze (MWM), a test of spatial navigation in rodents that is dependent on hippocampal functioning. We recently confirmed these findings in children with PAE on a human analog of the MWM, the virtual water maze (VWM). Previous studies have shown that the hippocampus is particularly sensitive to PAE. Our aim was to determine whether hippocampal volume mediates the relation between PAE and virtual navigation. METHODS VWM and MRI hippocampal data were collected from 50 right-handed 10-year-old children in a heavily exposed Cape Town, South African sample. PAE data had been collected from their mothers during pregnancy, and the children were examined by expert fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) dysmorphologists. In the VWM, the participant attempts to learn the location of a hidden platform in a virtual pool of water across a series of learning trials using only distal room cues. Hippocampal volumes were derived using FreeSurfer from MRI scans administered within 1 week of completing the VWM task. RESULTS Both the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)/partial FAS and nonsyndromal heavy-exposed (HE) groups had smaller hippocampal volumes than controls. PAE was associated with reduced right hippocampal volumes even after control for total intracranial volume (ICV). Hippocampal volume was also positively associated with VWM performance. The relation between PAE and VWM performance was partially mediated by right hippocampal volume but not by total ICV. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm previous reports linking PAE to poorer spatial navigation on the VWM and are the first to provide direct evidence that volume reductions in this region partially mediate the relation of FASD diagnosis to place learning, suggesting that PAE specifically impairs the ability to encode the spatial information necessary for successful location of the hidden platform on a navigation task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Dodge
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher D Molteno
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Williams MT, Amos-Kroohs RM, Vorhees CV. Prolonged methamphetamine exposure during a critical period in neonatal Sprague Dawley rats does not exacerbate egocentric and allocentric learning deficits but increases reference memory impairments. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:163-174. [PMID: 32043612 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children exposed to methamphetamine (MA) in utero have cognitive deficits. MA administration in rats for 5-10 days between postnatal days (P)6 and 20 produces cognitive deficits. The purpose of this study was to determine if extending MA administration by 5 days within P6-20 would exacerbate allocentric (Morris water maze) and egocentric (Cincinnati water maze) learning deficits. Sprague Dawley female and male offspring (split-litter design) were administered saline (SAL) or MA (10 mg/kg) four times daily from P6 to 20 to create four groups: (a) SAL from P6 to 20, (b) MA from P6 to 20 (MA6-20), (c) MA from P6 to 15 (MA6-15), or (d) MA from P11 to 20 (MA11-20); the latter groups received saline on days they did not receive MA. Egocentric, allocentric, and conditioned freezing tests began on P60. The MA6-15 and MA6-20 groups showed egocentric deficits, all MA groups had allocentric deficits but no differences in conditioned freezing compared with SAL controls. The MA6-15 and MA6-20 groups had similar deficits in learning and memory that were larger than in the MA11-20 group. Learning in both mazes was sex dependent, but no interactions with MA were found. The data demonstrate that extending the exposure period of MA beyond the sensitive periods (P6-15 and P11-20) did not exacerbate the cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology (MLC 7044), Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robyn M Amos-Kroohs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology (MLC 7044), Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology (MLC 7044), Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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15
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Raven F, Bolsius YG, Renssen LV, Meijer EL, Zee EA, Meerlo P, Havekes R. Elucidating the role of protein synthesis in hippocampus‐dependent memory consolidation across the day and night. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:6972-6981. [PMID: 31965655 PMCID: PMC8596627 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that de novo protein synthesis is crucial for the formation and consolidation of long‐term memories. While the basal activity of many signaling cascades that modulate protein synthesis fluctuates in a circadian fashion, it is unclear whether the temporal dynamics of protein synthesis‐dependent memory consolidation vary depending on the time of day. More specifically, it is unclear whether protein synthesis inhibition affects hippocampus‐dependent memory consolidation in rodents differentially across the day (i.e., the inactive phase with an abundance of sleep) and night (i.e., the active phase with little sleep). To address this question, male and female C57Bl6/J mice were trained in a contextual fear conditioning task at the beginning or the end of the light phase. Animals received a single systemic injection with the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin or vehicle directly, 4, 8 hr, or 11.5 hr following training, and memory was assessed after 24 hr. Here, we show that protein synthesis inhibition impaired the consolidation of context–fear memories selectively when the protein synthesis inhibitor was administered at the first three time points, irrespective of timing of training. Even though the basal activity of signaling pathways regulating de novo protein synthesis may fluctuate across the 24‐hr cycle, these results suggest that the temporal dynamics of protein synthesis‐dependent memory consolidation are similar for day‐time and night‐time learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Raven
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Youri G. Bolsius
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Lara V. Renssen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Elroy L. Meijer
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Eddy A. Zee
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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16
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Mohd Lazaldin MA, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Bakar NS, Agarwal P, Mohd Ismail N. Neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor against amyloid beta 1-40-induced retinal and optic nerve damage. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:2394-2411. [PMID: 31883161 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could be considered a potential neuroprotective therapy in amyloid beta (Aβ)-associated retinal and optic nerve degeneration. Hence, in this study we investigated the neuroprotective effect of BDNF against Aβ1-40-induced retinal and optic nerve injury. In this study, exposure to Aβ1-40 was associated with retinal and optic nerve injury. TUNEL staining showed significant reduction in the apoptotic cell count in the BDNF-treated group compared with Aβ1-40 group. H&E-stained retinal sections also showed a striking reduction in neuronal cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of retinas fourteen days after Aβ1-40 exposure. By contrast, number of retinal cells was preserved in the retinas of BDNF-treated animals. After Aβ1-40 exposure, visible axonal swelling was observed in optic nerve sections. However, the BDNF-treated group showed fewer changes in optic nerve; axonal swelling was less frequent and less marked. In the present study, exposure to Aβ was associated with oxidative stress, whereas levels of retinal glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were significantly increased in BDNF-treated than in Aβ1-40-treated rats. Both visual object recognition tests using an open-field arena and a Morris water maze showed that BDNF improved rats' ability to recognise visual cues (objects with different shapes) after Aβ1-40 exposure, thus demonstrating that the visual performance of rats was relatively preserved following BDNF treatment. In conclusion, intravitreal treatment with BDNF prevents Aβ1-40-induced retinal cell apoptosis and axon loss in the optic nerve of rats by reducing retinal oxidative stress and restoring retinal BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aizuddin Mohd Lazaldin
- Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Research Centre for Innovative Medicines, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Salmah Bakar
- Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Liang M, Li G, Guan X, Liu S, Fang L, Li T, Dong J, Zhou Q. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging Study of Madecassoside in Improving Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1836-1843. [PMID: 31785074 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system inflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and is thought to play a part in the pathophysiological cascade leading to cognitive impairment. Madecassoside (MA) has shown potential for the treatment of neuroinflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be used to establish an animal model of cognitive dysfunction induced by neuroinflammation. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) may potentially provide diffusion and perfusion data. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of MA on neurocognitive impairment induced by LPS in rats, and to explore the changes of brain microstructure and microcirculatory perfusion by IVIM imaging. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (control group, sham operation group, LPS group, low-dose MA group, middle-dose MA group, and high-dose MA group) in a model of neurocognitive impairment induced by LPS (150 μg / 5 μL, 5 μL). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE IVIM-DWI sequence at 3.0T MRI; the scan time was 2 minutes and 17 seconds. ASSESSMENT The escape latency times of a Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive impairment rat model and the changes of learning ability of rats treated with different doses of MA (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg). A GE postprocessing workstation (adw 4.5) was used to analyze the changes of each parameter (f value, D value, and D* value) in the IVIM data of each group. STATISTICAL TESTS All the data were analyzed by one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The escape latency of the LPS group was significantly longer than the sham group (P = 0.05, 0.001, 0.006, and 0.042, respectively), and the high-dose group was significantly shorter than the LPS group on the sixth day (P = 0.034). Compared with the control group, the D values and f values of cerebral cortex and hippocampus were decreased significantly in the LPS group (P = 0.043 and 0.003; P = 0.029 and 0.016, respectively). With the increasing dose of MA, the D and f values of hippocampus and cortex increased, and there was a significant difference between the high-dose MA group and LPS group (D values: P = 0.038, 0.036; f values: P = 0.048, 0.039, respectively) DATA CONCLUSION: MA can improve the cognitive impairment induced by LPS by reducing neuroinflammation, and the changes of microcirculation and microperfusion in the brain tissue of these rats can be detected by IVIM imaging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 4 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1836-1843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Liang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqin Guan
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liguang Fang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Balczon R, Pittet JF, Wagener BM, Moser SA, Voth S, Vorhees CV, Williams MT, Bridges JP, Alvarez DF, Koloteva A, Xu Y, Zha XM, Audia JP, Stevens T, Lin MT. Infection-induced endothelial amyloids impair memory. FASEB J 2019; 33:10300-10314. [PMID: 31211919 PMCID: PMC6704457 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900322r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Patients with nosocomial pneumonia exhibit elevated levels of neurotoxic amyloid and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In vitro studies indicate that pulmonary endothelium infected with clinical isolates of either Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Staphylococcus aureus produces and releases cytotoxic amyloid and tau proteins. However, the effects of the pulmonary endothelium-derived amyloid and tau proteins on brain function have not been elucidated. Here, we show that P. aeruginosa infection elicits accumulation of detergent insoluble tau protein in the mouse brain and inhibits synaptic plasticity. Mice receiving endothelium-derived amyloid and tau proteins via intracerebroventricular injection exhibit a learning and memory deficit in object recognition, fear conditioning, and Morris water maze studies. We compared endothelial supernatants obtained after the endothelia were infected with P. aeruginosa possessing an intact [P. aeruginosa isolated from patient 103 (PA103) supernatant] or defective [mutant strain of P. aeruginosa lacking a functional type 3 secretion system needle tip complex (ΔPcrV) supernatant] type 3 secretion system. Whereas the PA103 supernatant impaired working memory, the ΔPcrV supernatant had no effect. Immunodepleting amyloid or tau proteins from the PA103 supernatant with the A11 or T22 antibodies, respectively, overtly rescued working memory. Recordings from hippocampal slices treated with endothelial supernatants or CSF from patients with or without nosocomial pneumonia indicated that endothelium-derived neurotoxins disrupted the postsynaptic synaptic response. Taken together, these results establish a plausible mechanism for the neurologic sequelae consequent to nosocomial bacterial pneumonia.-Balczon, R., Pittet, J.-F., Wagener, B. M., Moser, S. A., Voth, S., Vorhees, C. V., Williams, M. T., Bridges, J. P., Alvarez, D. F., Koloteva, A., Xu, Y., Zha, X.-M., Audia, J. P., Stevens, T., Lin, M. T. Infection-induced endothelial amyloids impair memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Brant M. Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen A. Moser
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarah Voth
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - James P. Bridges
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Diego F. Alvarez
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiang-Ming Zha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Jonathon P. Audia
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy Stevens
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mike T. Lin
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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19
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Hilscher MM, Nogueira I, Mikulovic S, Kullander K, Leão RN, Leão KE. Chrna2‐OLM interneurons display different membrane properties and h‐current magnitude depending on dorsoventral location. Hippocampus 2019; 29:1224-1237. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus M. Hilscher
- Brain InstituteFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
- Institute for Analysis and Scientific ComputingVienna University of Technology Vienna Austria
- Unit of Developmental Genetics, Department of NeuroscienceUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nogueira
- Brain InstituteFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Sanja Mikulovic
- Unit of Developmental Genetics, Department of NeuroscienceUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Klas Kullander
- Unit of Developmental Genetics, Department of NeuroscienceUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Richardson N. Leão
- Brain InstituteFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
- Unit of Developmental Genetics, Department of NeuroscienceUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Katarina E. Leão
- Brain InstituteFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
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20
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Vivekananda U, Bush D, Bisby JA, Diehl B, Jha A, Nachev P, Rodionov R, Burgess N, Walker MC. Spatial and episodic memory tasks promote temporal lobe interictal spikes. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:304-309. [PMID: 31177577 PMCID: PMC6771851 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reflex epilepsies have been demonstrated to exploit specific networks that subserve normal physiological function. It is unclear whether more common forms of epilepsy share this particular feature. By measuring interictal spikes in patients with a range of epilepsies, we show that 2 tasks known to specifically engage the hippocampus and temporal neocortex promoted increased interictal spiking within these regions, whereas a nonhippocampal dependent task did not. This indicates that interictal spike frequency may reflect the processing demands being placed on specific functional-anatomical networks in epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:304-309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Vivekananda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Bush
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A Bisby
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beate Diehl
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwani Jha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Parashkev Nachev
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Rodionov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Burgess
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Taoro-González L, Cabrera-Pastor A, Sancho-Alonso M, Arenas YM, Meseguer-Estornell F, Balzano T, ElMlili N, Felipo V. Differential role of interleukin-1β in neuroinflammation-induced impairment of spatial and nonspatial memory in hyperammonemic rats. FASEB J 2019; 33:9913-9928. [PMID: 31162953 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900230rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activated microglia and increased brain IL-1β play a main role in cognitive impairment in much pathology. We studied the role of IL-1β in neuroinflammation-induced impairment of the following different types of learning and memory: novel object recognition (NOR), novel object location (NOL), spatial learning, reference memory (RM), and working memory (WM). All these processes are impaired in hyperammonemic rats. We assessed which of these types of learning and memory are restored by blocking the IL-1 receptor in vivo in hyperammonemic rats and the possible mechanisms involved. Blocking the IL-1 receptor reversed microglial activation in the hippocampus, perirhinal cortex, and prefrontal cortex but not in the postrhinal cortex. This was associated with the restoration of NOR and WM but not of tasks involving a spatial component (NOL and RM). This suggests that IL-1β would be involved in neuroinflammation-induced nonspatial memory impairment, whereas spatial memory impairment would be IL-1β-independent and would be mediated by other proinflammatory factors.-Taoro-González, L., Cabrera-Pastor, A., Sancho-Alonso, M., Arenas, Y. M., Meseguer-Estornell, F., Balzano, T., ElMlili, N., Felipo, V. Differential role of interleukin-1β in neuroinflammation-induced impairment of spatial and nonspatial memory in hyperammonemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Taoro-González
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Pastor
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sancho-Alonso
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yaiza M Arenas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nisrin ElMlili
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Rosati AG. Heterochrony in chimpanzee and bonobo spatial memory development. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:302-321. [PMID: 30973969 PMCID: PMC6510607 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The emergence of human-unique cognitive abilities has been linked to our species' extended juvenile period. Comparisons of cognitive development across species can provide new insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping cognition. This study examined the development of different components of spatial memory, cognitive mechanisms that support complex foraging, by comparing two species with similar life history that vary in wild ecology: bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). MATERIALS AND METHODS Spatial memory development was assessed using a cross-sectional experimental design comparing apes ranging from infancy to adulthood. Study 1 tested 73 sanctuary-living apes on a task examining recall of a single location after a 1-week delay, compared to an earlier session. Study 2 tested their ability to recall multiple locations within a complex environment. Study 3 examined a subset of individuals from Study 2 on a motivational control task. RESULTS In Study 1, younger bonobos and chimpanzees of all ages exhibited improved performance in the test session compared to their initial learning experience. Older bonobos, in contrast, did not exhibit a memory boost in performance after the delay. In Study 2, older chimpanzees exhibited an improved ability to recall multiple locations, whereas bonobos did not exhibit any age-related differences. In Study 3, both species were similarly motivated to search for food in the absence of memory demands. DISCUSSION These results indicate that closely related species with similar life history characteristics can exhibit divergent patterns of cognitive development, and suggests a role of socioecological niche in shaping patterns of cognition in Pan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Rosati
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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23
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Cona G, Scarpazza C. Where is the "where" in the brain? A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on spatial cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:1867-1886. [PMID: 30600568 PMCID: PMC6865398 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial representations are processed in the service of several different cognitive functions. The present study capitalizes on the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method of meta-analysis to identify: (a) the shared neural activations among spatial functions to reveal the "core" network of spatial processing; (b) the specific neural activations associated with each of these functions. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 133 fMRI and PET studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis showed that the core network of spatial processing comprises regions that are symmetrically distributed on both hemispheres and that include dorsal frontoparietal regions, presupplementary motor area, anterior insula, and frontal operculum. The specific analyses revealed the brain regions that are selectively recruited for each spatial function, such as the right temporoparietal junction for shift of spatial attention, the right parahippocampal gyrus, and the retrosplenial cortex for navigation and spatial long-term memory. The findings are integrated within a systematic review of the neuroimaging literature and a new neurocognitive model of spatial cognition is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cona
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Padova Neuroscience CenterUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Cristina Scarpazza
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College Health Partners, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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24
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Aparisi Rey A, Karaulanov E, Sharopov S, Arab K, Schäfer A, Gierl M, Guggenhuber S, Brandes C, Pennella L, Gruhn WH, Jelinek R, Maul C, Conrad A, Kilb W, Luhmann HJ, Niehrs C, Lutz B. Gadd45α modulates aversive learning through post-transcriptional regulation of memory-related mRNAs. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846022. [PMID: 30948457 PMCID: PMC6549022 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning is essential for survival and is controlled by complex molecular mechanisms including regulation of newly synthesized mRNAs that are required to modify synaptic functions. Despite the well‐known role of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) in mRNA functionality, their detailed regulation during memory consolidation is poorly understood. This study focuses on the brain function of the RBP Gadd45α (growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible protein 45 alpha, encoded by the Gadd45a gene). Here, we find that hippocampal memory and long‐term potentiation are strongly impaired in Gadd45a‐deficient mice, a phenotype accompanied by reduced levels of memory‐related mRNAs. The majority of the Gadd45α‐regulated transcripts show unusually long 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) that are destabilized in Gadd45a‐deficient mice via a transcription‐independent mechanism, leading to reduced levels of the corresponding proteins in synaptosomes. Moreover, Gadd45α can bind specifically to these memory‐related mRNAs. Our study reveals a new function for extended 3′UTRs in memory consolidation and identifies Gadd45α as a novel regulator of mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Aparisi Rey
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Salim Sharopov
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stephan Guggenhuber
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Caroline Brandes
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luigi Pennella
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ruth Jelinek
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Maul
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Conrad
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany .,Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Huang J, Li YQ, Wu CH, Zhang YL, Zhao ST, Chen YJ, Deng YH, Xuan A, Sun XD. The effect of ketogenic diet on behaviors and synaptic functions of naive mice. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01246. [PMID: 30848079 PMCID: PMC6456772 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beyond its application as an epilepsy therapy, the ketogenic diet (KD) has been considered a potential treatment for a variety of other neurological and metabolic disorders. However, whether KD promotes functional restoration by reducing the pathological processes underlying individual diseases or through some independent mechanisms is not clear. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the effect of KD on a series of behaviors and synaptic functions of young adult naive mice. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice at age of 2-3 months were fed with control diet or KD for three months. Body weight and caloric intake were monitored throughout the experiments. We assessed behavioral performance with seizure induction, motor coordination and activity, anxiety level, spatial learning and memory, sociability, and depression. Synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation were also recorded. RESULTS KD-fed mice performed equivalent to control-diet-fed mice in the behavioral tests and electrophysiological assays except exhibiting slower weight gain and increased seizure threshold. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to the better understanding of effects of the KD on physiological behaviors and synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Quan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen-Ting Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hong Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Karimipour M, Rahbarghazi R, Tayefi H, Shimia M, Ghanadian M, Mahmoudi J, Bagheri HS. Quercetin promotes learning and memory performance concomitantly with neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult rat dentate gyrus. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 74:18-26. [PMID: 30822517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in neurogenesis is a very critical problem in Alzheimer disease. Different biological activities have been reported for medicinal application of quercetin. Herein, we investigated the neurogenesis potential of quercetin in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid-beta injection. Rats were randomly divided into Control, Alzheimer + Saline and Alzheimer + Quercetin groups. Following the administration of Amyloid-beta, rats in the Alzheimer + Quercetin group received 40 mg/kg/day quercetin orally for one month. Our data demonstrated amyloid-β injection could impair learning and memory processing in rats indicated by passive avoidance test evaluation. We noted that one-month quercetin treatment alleviated the detrimental effects of amyloid-β on spatial learning and memory parameters using Morris water maze analysis. Quercetin was found to increase the number of proliferating neural stem/progenitor cells. Notably, quercetin increased the number of DCX-expressing cells, indicating the active dynamic growth of neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. We further observed that the quercetin improved the number of BrdU/NeuN positive cells contributed to enhanced adult neurogenesis. Based on our results, quercetin had the potential to promote the expression of BDNF, NGF, CREB, and EGR-1 genes involved in regulating neurogenesis. These data suggest that quercetin can play a valuable role in alleviating Alzheimer's disease symptoms by enhancing adult neurogenesis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Advanced Biomedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shimia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Advanced Biomedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hesam Saghaei Bagheri
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Kriengwatana BP. Learning strategies and the social brain: Missing elements in the link between developmental stress, song and cognition? Integr Zool 2019; 14:158-171. [PMID: 30688022 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bird songs may advertise aspects of cognition because song learning and learning speed in cognitive tasks are both affected by early-life environments. However, such relationships remain ambiguous in the literature. Here, I discuss 2 lines of research that may help to demystify links between song learning and cognition. First, learning strategies should be considered when assessing performance to ensure that individual differences in learning ability are not masked by individual differences in learning strategies. Second, song characteristics should be associated with social behavior because songs have a social purpose and, consequently, should be strongly related at functional and neural levels. Finally, if song learning and cognitive abilities are correlated because they develop concurrently and/or share or compete for the same resources, I discuss ways glucocorticoids may link early-life stress, song learning and cognitive ability, focusing particularly on oxidative stress as a potential mechanism.
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28
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Piñeyro Salvidegoitia M, Jacobsen N, Bauer AKR, Griffiths B, Hanslmayr S, Debener S. Out and about: Subsequent memory effect captured in a natural outdoor environment with smartphone EEG. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13331. [PMID: 30657185 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal context plays an important role in episodic memory. While temporal context effects have been frequently studied in the laboratory, ecologically valid spatial context manipulations are difficult to implement in stationary conditions. We investigated whether the neural correlates of successful encoding (subsequent memory effect) can be captured in a real-world environment. An off-the-shelf Android smartphone was used for wireless mobile EEG acquisition and stimulus presentation. Participants encoded single words, each of which was presented at a different location on a university campus. Locations were approximately 10-12 m away from each other, half of them with striking features (landmarks) nearby. We predicted landmarks would improve recall performance. After a first free recall task of verbal stimuli indoors, participants performed a subsequent recall outdoors, in which words and locations were recalled. As predicted, significantly more words presented at landmark locations as well as significantly more landmark than nonlandmark locations were recalled. ERP analysis yielded a larger posterior positive deflection during encoding for hits compared to misses in the 400-800 ms interval. Likewise, time-frequency analysis revealed a significant difference during encoding for hits compared to misses in the form of stronger alpha (200-300 ms) and theta (300-400 ms) power increases. Our results confirm that a vibrant spatial context is beneficial in episodic memory processing and that the underlying neural correlates can be captured with unobtrusive smartphone EEG technology. The advent of mobile EEG technology promises to unveil the relevance of natural physical activity and natural environments on memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piñeyro Salvidegoitia
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Jacobsen
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina R Bauer
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Imaging, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Simon Hanslmayr
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Stefan Debener
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Centre Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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29
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Hall H, Iulita MF, Gubert P, Flores Aguilar L, Ducatenzeiler A, Fisher A, Cuello AC. AF710B, an M1/sigma-1 receptor agonist with long-lasting disease-modifying properties in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:811-823. [PMID: 29291374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AF710B (aka ANAVEX 3-71) is a novel selective allosteric M1 muscarinic and sigma-1 receptor agonist. In 3×Tg-AD mice, AF710B attenuates cognitive deficits and decreases Alzheimer-like hallmarks. We now report on the long-lasting disease-modifying properties of AF710B in McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg) rats. METHODS Chronic treatment with AF710B (10 μg/kg) was initiated in postplaque 13-month-old Tg rats. Drug or vehicle was administered orally daily for 4.5 months and interrupted 5 weeks before behavioral testing. RESULTS AF710B long-term treatment reverted the cognitive deficits associated with advanced Alzheimer-like amyloid neuropathology in Tg rats. These effects were accompanied by reductions in amyloid pathology and markers of neuroinflammation and increases in amyloid cerebrospinal fluid clearance and levels of a synaptic marker. Importantly, these effects were maintained following a 5-week interruption of the treatment. DISCUSSION With M1/sigma-1 activity and long-lasting disease-modifying properties at low dose, AF710B is a promising novel therapeutic agent for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Palma Gubert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Abraham Fisher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel(§)
| | - Augusto Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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30
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Richter MC, Ludewig S, Winschel A, Abel T, Bold C, Salzburger LR, Klein S, Han K, Weyer SW, Fritz AK, Laube B, Wolfer DP, Buchholz CJ, Korte M, Müller UC. Distinct in vivo roles of secreted APP ectodomain variants APPsα and APPsβ in regulation of spine density, synaptic plasticity, and cognition. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798335. [PMID: 29661886 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that synaptic functions of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is key to Alzheimer pathogenesis, may be carried out by its secreted ectodomain (APPs). The specific roles of APPsα and APPsβ fragments, generated by non-amyloidogenic or amyloidogenic APP processing, respectively, remain however unclear. Here, we expressed APPsα or APPsβ in the adult brain of conditional double knockout mice (cDKO) lacking APP and the related APLP2. APPsα efficiently rescued deficits in spine density, synaptic plasticity (LTP and PPF), and spatial reference memory of cDKO mice. In contrast, APPsβ failed to show any detectable effects on synaptic plasticity and spine density. The C-terminal 16 amino acids of APPsα (lacking in APPsβ) proved sufficient to facilitate LTP in a mechanism that depends on functional nicotinic α7-nAChRs. Further, APPsα showed high-affinity, allosteric potentiation of heterologously expressed α7-nAChRs in oocytes. Collectively, we identified α7-nAChRs as a crucial physiological receptor specific for APPsα and show distinct in vivo roles for APPsα versus APPsβ. This implies that reduced levels of APPsα that might occur during Alzheimer pathogenesis cannot be compensated by APPsβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Richter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susann Ludewig
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular Neurobiology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alex Winschel
- Department of Biology, Neurophysiology und Neurosensory Systems, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Abel
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI), Langen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bold
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonie R Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular Neurobiology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Klein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kang Han
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha W Weyer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristina Fritz
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movements Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bodo Laube
- Department of Biology, Neurophysiology und Neurosensory Systems, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - David P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movements Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Korte
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular Neurobiology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Gingrich JA, Malm H, Ansorge MS, Brown A, Sourander A, Suri D, Teixeira CM, Caffrey Cagliostro MK, Mahadevia D, Weissman MM. New Insights into How Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors Shape the Developing Brain. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:924-932. [PMID: 28714607 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Development passes through sensitive periods, during which plasticity allows for genetic and environmental factors to exert indelible influence on the maturation of the organism. In the context of central nervous system (CNS) development, such sensitive periods shape the formation of neuro-circuits that mediate, regulate, and control behavior. This general mechanism allows for development to be guided by both the genetic blueprint, as well as the environmental context. While allowing for adaptation, such sensitive periods are also windows of vulnerability during which external and internal factors can confer risk to brain disorders by derailing adaptive developmental programs. Our group has been particularly interested in developmental periods that are sensitive to serotonin (5-HT) signaling, and impact behavior and cognition relevant to psychiatry. Specifically, we review a 5-HT-sensitive period that impacts fronto-limbic system development, resulting in cognitive, anxiety, and depression-related behaviors. We discuss preclinical data to establish biological plausibility and mechanistic insights. We also summarize epidemiological findings that underscore the potential public health implications resulting from the current practice of prescribing 5-HT reuptake inhibiting antidepressants during pregnancy. These medications enter the fetal circulation, likely perturb 5-HT signaling in the brain, and may be affecting circuit maturation in ways that parallel our findings in the developing rodent brain. More research is needed to better disambiguate the dual effects of maternal symptoms on fetal and child development from the effects of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors on clinical outcomes in the offspring. Birth Defects Research 109:924-932, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Gingrich
- Columbia University Medical Center, Psychiatry, New York, New York
| | - Heli Malm
- Columbia University Medical Center, Psychiatry, New York, New York
| | - Mark S Ansorge
- Columbia University Medical Center, Psychiatry, New York, New York
| | - Alan Brown
- Columbia University Medical Center, Psychiatry, New York, New York
| | - Andre Sourander
- Columbia University Medical Center, Psychiatry, New York, New York
| | - Deepika Suri
- Columbia University Medical Center, Psychiatry, New York, New York
| | - Cátia M Teixeira
- Columbia University Medical Center, Psychiatry, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Myrna M Weissman
- Columbia University Medical Center, Psychiatry, New York, New York
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32
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Bröker-Lai J, Kollewe A, Schindeldecker B, Pohle J, Nguyen Chi V, Mathar I, Guzman R, Schwarz Y, Lai A, Weißgerber P, Schwegler H, Dietrich A, Both M, Sprengel R, Draguhn A, Köhr G, Fakler B, Flockerzi V, Bruns D, Freichel M. Heteromeric channels formed by TRPC1, TRPC4 and TRPC5 define hippocampal synaptic transmission and working memory. EMBO J 2017; 36:2770-2789. [PMID: 28790178 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201696369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels influence various neuronal functions. Using quantitative high-resolution mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC5 assemble into heteromultimers with each other, but not with other TRP family members in the mouse brain and hippocampus. In hippocampal neurons from Trpc1/Trpc4/Trpc5-triple-knockout (Trpc1/4/5-/-) mice, lacking any TRPC1-, TRPC4-, or TRPC5-containing channels, action potential-triggered excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were significantly reduced, whereas frequency, amplitude, and kinetics of quantal miniature EPSC signaling remained unchanged. Likewise, evoked postsynaptic responses in hippocampal slice recordings and transient potentiation after tetanic stimulation were decreased. In vivo, Trpc1/4/5-/- mice displayed impaired cross-frequency coupling in hippocampal networks and deficits in spatial working memory, while spatial reference memory was unaltered. Trpc1/4/5-/- animals also exhibited deficiencies in adapting to a new challenge in a relearning task. Our results indicate the contribution of heteromultimeric channels from TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC5 subunits to the regulation of mechanisms underlying spatial working memory and flexible relearning by facilitating proper synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bröker-Lai
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Kollewe
- Institute of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schindeldecker
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Pohle
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Physiology of Neural Networks, Psychiatry/Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, J5, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vivan Nguyen Chi
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilka Mathar
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raul Guzman
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schwarz
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alan Lai
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Weißgerber
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Both
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Max Planck Research Group of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research at the Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Köhr
- Physiology of Neural Networks, Psychiatry/Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, J5, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS, Center for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany‡
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Bruns
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Fu Y, Chen Y, Li L, Wang Y, Kong X, Wang J. Food restriction affects Y‐maze spatial recognition memory in developing mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 60:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Medical FacultyKunming University of Science & TechnologyKunmingYunnan650500PR China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Medical FacultyKunming University of Science & TechnologyKunmingYunnan650500PR China
| | - Liane Li
- Medical FacultyKunming University of Science & TechnologyKunmingYunnan650500PR China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Medical FacultyKunming University of Science & TechnologyKunmingYunnan650500PR China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical FacultyKunming University of Science & TechnologyKunmingYunnan650500PR China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223PR China
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34
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Kasper JM, Milton AJ, Smith AE, Laezza F, Taglialatela G, Hommel JD, Abate N. Cognitive deficits associated with a high-fat diet and insulin resistance are potentiated by overexpression of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase-1. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 64:48-53. [PMID: 28373023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that over consumption of high-fat foods and insulin resistance may alter hippocampal-dependent cognitive function. To study the individual contributions of diet and peripheral insulin resistance to learning and memory, we used a transgenic mouse line that overexpresses ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase-1 in adipocytes, which inhibits the insulin receptor. Here, we demonstrate that a model of peripheral insulin resistance exacerbates high-fat diet induced deficits in performance on the Morris Water Maze task. This finding was then reviewed in the context of the greater literature to explore potential mechanisms including triglyceride storage, adiponectin, lipid composition, insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and hippocampal signaling. Together, these findings further our understanding of the complex relationship among peripheral insulin resistance, diet and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kasper
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| | - A J Milton
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - A E Smith
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - F Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - G Taglialatela
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - J D Hommel
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - N Abate
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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35
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Zhang G, Cinalli D, Stackman RW. Effect of a hallucinogenic serotonin 5‐HT
2A
receptor agonist on visually guided, hippocampal‐dependent spatial cognition in C57BL/6J mice. Hippocampus 2017; 27:558-569. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gongliang Zhang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei Anhui China
- Jupiter Life Science InitiativeFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiter Florida
| | - David Cinalli
- Department of PsychologyCharles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic UniversityJupiter Florida
| | - Robert W. Stackman
- Jupiter Life Science InitiativeFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiter Florida
- Department of PsychologyCharles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic UniversityJupiter Florida
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36
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Olsen GM, Ohara S, Iijima T, Witter MP. Parahippocampal and retrosplenial connections of rat posterior parietal cortex. Hippocampus 2017; 27:335-358. [PMID: 28032674 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex has been implicated in spatial functions, including navigation. The hippocampal and parahippocampal region and the retrosplenial cortex are crucially involved in navigational processes and connections between the parahippocampal/retrosplenial domain and the posterior parietal cortex have been described. However, an integrated account of the organization of these connections is lacking. Here, we investigated parahippocampal connections of each posterior parietal subdivision and the neighboring secondary visual cortex using conventional retrograde and anterograde tracers as well as transsynaptic retrograde tracing with a modified rabies virus. The results show that posterior parietal as well as secondary visual cortex entertain overall sparse connections with the parahippocampal region but not with the hippocampal formation. The medial and lateral dorsal subdivisions of posterior parietal cortex receive sparse input from deep layers of all parahippocampal areas. Conversely, all posterior parietal subdivisions project moderately to dorsal presubiculum, whereas rostral perirhinal cortex, postrhinal cortex, caudal entorhinal cortex and parasubiculum all receive sparse posterior parietal input. This indicated that the presubiculum might be a major liaison between parietal and parahippocampal domains. In view of the close association of the presubiculum with the retrosplenial cortex, we included the latter in our analysis. Our data indicate that posterior parietal cortex is moderately connected with the retrosplenial cortex, particularly with rostral area 30. The relative sparseness of the connectivity with the parahippocampal and retrosplenial domains suggests that posterior parietal cortex is only a modest actor in forming spatial representations underlying navigation and spatial memory in parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe M Olsen
- The Faculty of Medicine, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postbox 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shinya Ohara
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshio Iijima
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Menno P Witter
- The Faculty of Medicine, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postbox 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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37
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Jiao CX, Zhou H, Yang CX, Ma C, Yang YX, Mao RR, Xu L, Zhou QX. Protective efficacy of a single salvianolic acid A treatment on photothrombosis-induced sustained spatial memory impairments. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1181-1192. [PMID: 28490880 PMCID: PMC5414628 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s127094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With respect to the high burden of ischemic stroke and the absence of pharmacological treatment for promoting rehabilitation, promising candidates with specific effects on long-term functional recovery are highly desired. Candidates need reasonable experimental paradigms to evaluate the long-term functional outcome focused on ischemia-induced sensorimotor and memory deficits. "Danshen", a traditional Chinese herb, has long been used to treat coronary and cerebral vascular diseases as well as dementia. Salvianolic acid A (SAA), one of the major active ingredients of Danshen, was demonstrated to be effective in protecting against cerebral ischemic injury. Here, employing an experimental stroke model induced by photothrombosis in the unilateral frontal cortex of rats, we investigated whether SAA has long-term protective effects on ischemia-induced sensorimotor and memory deficits in our behavioral tests. The results indicated that a single SAA treatment improved the cortical ischemia-induced sensorimotor deficits during 15 days' cylinder test period, and alleviated ischemia-induced sustained spatial memory impairments during the 2 months' dependent Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. In addition, either ischemic injury or SAA treatment did not show any changes compared with sham group in other behavioral tests including rotarod tests, swimming speed in MWM tests, open field tests, elevated plus maze tests, treadmill tests and forced swimming tests. The results reveal that the cognitive deficits are not the results of animal's anxiety or confounding motor impairments. Overall, the present paradigm appears suitable for the preclinical evaluation of the long-term effects of pharmacological treatments on ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, SAA might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of memory deficits associated with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Jiao
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomollogical Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali
| | - Heng Zhou
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xian Yang
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Chen Ma
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yue-Xiong Yang
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Rong-Rong Mao
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Lin Xu
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Qi-Xin Zhou
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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38
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Tan HM, Wills TJ, Cacucci F. The development of spatial and memory circuits in the rat. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.10.1002/wcs.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical SciencesSingapore
| | - Thomas Joseph Wills
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Francesca Cacucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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39
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Tan HM, Wills TJ, Cacucci F. The development of spatial and memory circuits in the rat. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2016; 8. [DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical SciencesSingapore
| | - Thomas Joseph Wills
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Francesca Cacucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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40
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Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Cincinnati water maze: A review of the development, methods, and evidence as a test of egocentric learning and memory. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 57:1-19. [PMID: 27545092 PMCID: PMC5056837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Advantageous maneuvering through the environment to find food and avoid or escape danger is central to survival of most animal species. The ability to do so depends on learning and remembering different locations, especially home-base. This capacity is encoded in the brain by two systems: one using cues outside the organism (distal cues), allocentric navigation, and one using self-movement, internal cues (proximal cues), for egocentric navigation. Whereas allocentric navigation involves the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and surrounding structures, egocentric navigation involves the dorsal striatum and connected structures; in humans this system encodes routes and integrated paths and when over-learned, becomes procedural memory. Allocentric assessment methods have been extensively reviewed elsewhere. The purpose of this paper is to review one specific method for assessing egocentric, route-based navigation in rats: the Cincinnati water maze (CWM). The test is an asymmetric multiple-T maze arranged in such a way that rats must learn to find path openings along walls rather at ends in order to reach the goal. Failing to do this leads to cul-de-sacs and repeated errors. The task may be learned in the light or dark, but in the dark, wherein distal cues are eliminated, provides the best assessment of egocentric navigation. When used in conjunction with tests of other types of learning, such as allocentric navigation, the CWM provides a balanced approach to assessing the two major forms of navigational learning and memory found in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles V Vorhees
- Div. of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Div. of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
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41
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Hok V, Poucet B, Duvelle É, Save É, Sargolini F. Spatial cognition in mice and rats: similarities and differences in brain and behavior. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2016; 7:406-421. [PMID: 27582415 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of mice models in cognitive tasks that were originally designed for rats raises crucial questions about cross-species comparison in the study of spatial cognition. The present review focuses on the major neuroethological differences existing between mice and rats, with particular attention given to the neurophysiological basis of space coding. While little difference is found in the basic properties of space representation in these two species, it appears that the stability of this representation changes more drastically over time in mice than in rats. We consider several hypotheses dealing with attentional, perceptual, and genetic aspects and offer some directions for future research that might help in deciphering hippocampal function in learning and memory processes. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:406-421. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1411 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hok
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Fédération 3C, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Poucet
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. , .,Fédération 3C, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. ,
| | - Éléonore Duvelle
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Psychology and Language Sciences, London, UK
| | - Étienne Save
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Fédération 3C, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Francesca Sargolini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Fédération 3C, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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42
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Raudies F, Hinman JR, Hasselmo ME. Modelling effects on grid cells of sensory input during self-motion. J Physiol 2016; 594:6513-6526. [PMID: 27094096 DOI: 10.1113/jp270649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural coding of spatial location for memory function may involve grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex, but the mechanism of generating the spatial responses of grid cells remains unclear. This review describes some current theories and experimental data concerning the role of sensory input in generating the regular spatial firing patterns of grid cells, and changes in grid cell firing fields with movement of environmental barriers. As described here, the influence of visual features on spatial firing could involve either computations of self-motion based on optic flow, or computations of absolute position based on the angle and distance of static visual cues. Due to anatomical selectivity of retinotopic processing, the sensory features on the walls of an environment may have a stronger effect on ventral grid cells that have wider spaced firing fields, whereas the sensory features on the ground plane may influence the firing of dorsal grid cells with narrower spacing between firing fields. These sensory influences could contribute to the potential functional role of grid cells in guiding goal-directed navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Raudies
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Memory and Brain, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, 2 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - James R Hinman
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Memory and Brain, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, 2 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michael E Hasselmo
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Memory and Brain, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, 2 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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43
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Henck JW, Elayan I, Vorhees C, Fisher JE, Morford LL. Current Topics in Postnatal Behavioral Testing. Int J Toxicol 2016; 35:499-520. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581816657082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) continues to be an important component of safety evaluation of candidate therapeutic agents and of industrial and environmental chemicals. Developmental neurotoxicity is considered to be an adverse change in the central and/or peripheral nervous system during development of an organism and has been primarily evaluated by studying functional outcomes, such as changes in behavior, neuropathology, neurochemistry, and/or neurophysiology. Neurobehavioral evaluations are a component of a wide range of toxicology studies in laboratory animal models, whereas neurochemistry and neurophysiology are less commonly employed. Although the primary focus of this article is on neurobehavioral evaluation in pre- and postnatal development and juvenile toxicology studies used in pharmaceutical development, concepts may also apply to adult nonclinical safety studies and Environmental Protection Agency/chemical assessments. This article summarizes the proceedings of a symposium held during the 2015 American College of Toxicology annual meeting and includes a discussion of the current status of DNT testing as well as potential issues and recommendations. Topics include the regulatory context for DNT testing; study design and interpretation; behavioral test selection, including a comparison of core learning and memory systems; age of testing; repeated testing of the same animals; use of alternative animal models; impact of findings; and extrapolation of animal results to humans. Integration of the regulatory experience and scientific concepts presented during this symposium, as well as from subsequent discussion and input, provides a synopsis of the current state of DNT testing in safety assessment, as well as a potential roadmap for future advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikram Elayan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Charles Vorhees
- Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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44
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Hamson DK, Roes MM, Galea LAM. Sex Hormones and Cognition: Neuroendocrine Influences on Memory and Learning. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1295-337. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Lee CH, Ryu J, Lee SH, Kim H, Lee I. Functional cross-hemispheric shift between object-place paired associate memory and spatial memory in the human hippocampus. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1061-77. [PMID: 27009679 PMCID: PMC5074286 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays critical roles in both object‐based event memory and spatial navigation, but it is largely unknown whether the left and right hippocampi play functionally equivalent roles in these cognitive domains. To examine the hemispheric symmetry of human hippocampal functions, we used an fMRI scanner to measure BOLD activity while subjects performed tasks requiring both object‐based event memory and spatial navigation in a virtual environment. Specifically, the subjects were required to form object‐place paired associate memory after visiting four buildings containing discrete objects in a virtual plus maze. The four buildings were visually identical, and the subjects used distal visual cues (i.e., scenes) to differentiate the buildings. During testing, the subjects were required to identify one of the buildings when cued with a previously associated object, and when shifted to a random place, the subject was expected to navigate to the previously chosen building. We observed that the BOLD activity foci changed from the left hippocampus to the right hippocampus as task demand changed from identifying a previously seen object (object‐cueing period) to searching for its paired‐associate place (object‐cued place recognition period). Furthermore, the efficient retrieval of object‐place paired associate memory (object‐cued place recognition period) was correlated with the BOLD response of the left hippocampus, whereas the efficient retrieval of relatively pure spatial memory (spatial memory period) was correlated with the right hippocampal BOLD response. These findings suggest that the left and right hippocampi in humans might process qualitatively different information for remembering episodic events in space. © 2016 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hee Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwon Ryu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hakjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inah Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Glikmann-Johnston Y, Saling MM, Reutens DC, Stout JC. Hippocampal 5-HT1A Receptor and Spatial Learning and Memory. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:289. [PMID: 26696889 PMCID: PMC4674558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial cognition is fundamental for survival in the topographically complex environments inhabited by humans and other animals. The hippocampus, which has a central role in spatial cognition, is characterized by high concentration of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptor binding sites, particularly of the 1A receptor (5-HT1A) subtype. This review highlights converging evidence for the role of hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors in spatial learning and memory. We consider studies showing that activation or blockade of the 5-HT1A receptors using agonists or antagonists, respectively, lead to changes in spatial learning and memory. For example, pharmacological manipulation to induce 5-HT release, or to block 5-HT uptake, have indicated that increased extracellular 5-HT concentrations maintain or improve memory performance. In contrast, reduced levels of 5-HT have been shown to impair spatial memory. Furthermore, the lack of 5-HT1A receptor subtype in single gene knockout mice is specifically associated with spatial memory impairments. These findings, along with evidence from recent cognitive imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) with 5-HT1A receptor ligands, and studies of individual genetic variance in 5-HT1A receptor availability, strongly suggests that 5-HT, mediated by the 5-HT1A receptor subtype, plays a key role in spatial learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Glikmann-Johnston
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuropsychology, Austin HealthMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael M. Saling
- Department of Neuropsychology, Austin HealthMelbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David C. Reutens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie C. Stout
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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47
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Xiao H, Liu B, Chen Y, Zhang J. Learning, memory and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus in rats exposed to sevoflurane. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 48:38-49. [PMID: 26612208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Developmental exposure to volatile anesthetics has been associated with cognitive deficits at adulthood. Rodent studies have revealed impairments in performance in learning tasks involving the hippocampus. However, how the duration of anesthesia exposure impact on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory is as yet not fully elucidated. METHODS On postnatal day 7(P7), rat pups were divided into 3 groups: control group (n=30), 3% sevoflurane treatment for 1h (Sev 1h group, n=30) and 3% sevoflurane treatment for 6h (Sev 6h group, n=28). Following anesthesia, synaptic vesicle-associated proteins and dendrite spine density and synapse ultrastructure were measured using western blotting, Golgi staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on P21. In addition, the effects of sevoflurane treatment on long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), two molecular correlates of memory, were studied in CA1 subfields of the hippocampus, using electrophysiological recordings of field potentials in hippocampal slices on P35-42. Rats' neurocognitive performance was assessed at 2 months of age, using the Morris water maze and novel-object recognition tasks. RESULTS Our results showed that neonatal exposure to 3% sevoflurane for 6h results in reduced spine density of apical dendrites along with elevated expression of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins (SNAP-25 and syntaxin), and synaptic ultrastructure damage in the hippocampus. The electrophysiological evidence indicated that hippocampal LTP, but not LTD, was inhibited and that learning and memory performance were impaired in two behavioral tasks in the Sev 6h group. In contrast, lesser structural and functional damage in the hippocampus was observed in the Sev 1h group. CONCLUSION Our data showed that 6-h exposure of the developing brain to 3% sevoflurane could result in synaptic plasticity impairment in the hippocampus and spatial and nonspatial hippocampal-dependent learning and memory deficits. In contrast, shorter-duration exposure (1h) results in less damage. These results provide further evidences that duration of anesthesia exposure could have differential effects on neuronal plasticity and neurocognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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48
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Reprint of “Value of water mazes for assessing spatial and egocentric learning and memory in rodent basic research and regulatory studies”. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 52:93-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Monoamine-sensitive developmental periods impacting adult emotional and cognitive behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:88-112. [PMID: 25178408 PMCID: PMC4262911 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development passes through sensitive periods, during which plasticity allows for genetic and environmental factors to exert indelible influence on the maturation of the organism. In the context of central nervous system development, such sensitive periods shape the formation of neurocircuits that mediate, regulate, and control behavior. This general mechanism allows for development to be guided by both the genetic blueprint as well as the environmental context. While allowing for adaptation, such sensitive periods are also vulnerability windows during which external and internal factors can confer risk to disorders by derailing otherwise resilient developmental programs. Here we review developmental periods that are sensitive to monoamine signaling and impact adult behaviors of relevance to psychiatry. Specifically, we review (1) a serotonin-sensitive period that impacts sensory system development, (2) a serotonin-sensitive period that impacts cognition, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, and (3) a dopamine- and serotonin-sensitive period affecting aggression, impulsivity and behavioral response to psychostimulants. We discuss preclinical data to provide mechanistic insight, as well as epidemiological and clinical data to point out translational relevance. The field of translational developmental neuroscience has progressed exponentially providing solid conceptual advances and unprecedented mechanistic insight. With such knowledge at hand and important methodological innovation ongoing, the field is poised for breakthroughs elucidating the developmental origins of neuropsychiatric disorders, and thus understanding pathophysiology. Such knowledge of sensitive periods that determine the developmental trajectory of complex behaviors is a necessary step towards improving prevention and treatment approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Value of water mazes for assessing spatial and egocentric learning and memory in rodent basic research and regulatory studies. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 45:75-90. [PMID: 25116937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maneuvering safely through the environment is central to survival of all animals. The ability to do this depends on learning and remembering locations. This capacity is encoded in the brain by two systems: one using cues outside the organism (distal cues), allocentric navigation, and one using self-movement, internal cues and sometimes proximal cues, egocentric navigation. Allocentric navigation involves the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and surrounding structures (e.g., subiculum); in humans this system encodes declarative memory (allocentric, semantic, and episodic, i.e., memory for people, places, things, and events). This form of memory is assessed in laboratory animals by many methods, but predominantly the Morris water maze (MWM). Egocentric navigation involves the dorsal striatum and connected structures; in humans this system encodes routes and integrated paths and when over-learned becomes implicit or procedural memory. Several allocentric methods for rodents are reviewed and compared with the MWM with particular focus on the Cincinnati water maze (CWM). MWM advantages include minimal training, no food deprivation, ease of testing, reliable learning, insensitivity to differences in body weight and appetite, absence of non-performers, control methods for performance effects, repeated testing capability and other factors that make this test well-suited for regulatory studies. MWM limitations are also reviewed. Evidence-based MWM design and testing methods are presented. On balance, the MWM is arguably the preferred test for assessing learning and memory in basic research and regulatory studies and the CWM is recommended if two tests can be accommodated so that both allocentric (MWM) and egocentric (CWM) learning and memory can be effectively and efficiently assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles V Vorhees
- Division of Child Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Division of Child Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
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