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Ellner SP, Snyder RE, Adler PB, Hernández CM, Hooker G. It's about (taking up) space: Discreteness of individuals and the strength of spatial coexistence mechanisms. Ecology 2024:e4404. [PMID: 39370719 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
One strand of modern coexistence theory (MCT) partitions invader growth rates (IGR) to quantify how different mechanisms contribute to species coexistence, highlighting fluctuation-dependent mechanisms. A general conclusion from the classical analytic MCT theory is that coexistence mechanisms relying on temporal variation (such as the temporal storage effect) are generally less effective at promoting coexistence than mechanisms relying on spatial or spatiotemporal variation (primarily growth-density covariance). However, the analytic theory assumes continuous population density, and IGRs are calculated for infinitesimally rare invaders that have infinite time to find their preferred habitat and regrow, without ever experiencing intraspecific competition. Here we ask if the disparity between spatial and temporal mechanisms persists when individuals are, instead, discrete and occupy finite amounts of space. We present a simulation-based approach to quantifying IGRs in this situation, building on our previous approach for spatially non-varying habitats. As expected, we found that spatial mechanisms are weakened; unexpectedly, the contribution to IGR from growth-density covariance could even become negative, opposing coexistence. We also found shifts in which demographic parameters had the largest effect on the strength of spatial coexistence mechanisms. Our substantive conclusions are statements about one model, across parameter ranges that we subjectively considered realistic. Using the methods developed here, effects of individual discreteness should be explored theoretically across a broader range of conditions, and in models parameterized from empirical data on real communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robin E Snyder
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources & The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Christina M Hernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Huang Y, Mukherjee A, Schink S, Benites NC, Basan M. Evolution and stability of complex microbial communities driven by trade-offs. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:997-1005. [PMID: 38961275 PMCID: PMC11369148 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in ecology and human health. Cross-feeding is thought to be core to microbial communities, though it remains unclear precisely why it emerges. Why have multi-species microbial communities evolved in many contexts and what protects microbial consortia from invasion? Here, we review recent insights into the emergence and stability of coexistence in microbial communities. A particular focus is the long-term evolutionary stability of coexistence, as observed for microbial communities that spontaneously evolved in the E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE). We analyze these findings in the context of recent work on trade-offs between competing microbial objectives, which can constitute a mechanistic basis for the emergence of coexistence. Coexisting communities, rather than monocultures of the 'fittest' single strain, can form stable endpoints of evolutionary trajectories. Hence, the emergence of coexistence might be an obligatory outcome in the evolution of microbial communities. This implies that rather than embodying fragile metastable configurations, some microbial communities can constitute formidable ecosystems that are difficult to disrupt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology, Boston, USA
| | - Avik Mukherjee
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology, Boston, USA
| | - Severin Schink
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology, Boston, USA
| | | | - Markus Basan
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology, Boston, USA.
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3
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Bonte D, Keith S, Fronhofer EA. Species interactions and eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal: the diversity dependence of dispersal. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230125. [PMID: 38913054 PMCID: PMC11391317 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dispersal plays a pivotal role in the eco-evolutionary dynamics of spatially structured populations, communities and ecosystems. As an individual-based trait, dispersal is subject to both plasticity and evolution. Its dependence on conditions and context is well understood within single-species metapopulations. However, species do not exist in isolation; they interact locally through various horizontal and vertical interactions. While the significance of species interactions is recognized for species coexistence and food web functioning, our understanding of their influence on regional dynamics, such as their impact on spatial dynamics in metacommunities and meta-food webs, remains limited. Building upon insights from behavioural and community ecology, we aim to elucidate biodiversity as both a driver and an outcome of connectivity. By synthesizing conceptual, theoretical and empirical contributions from global experts in the field, we seek to explore how a more mechanistic understanding of diversity-dispersal relationships influences the distribution of species in spatially and temporally changing environments. Our findings highlight the importance of explicitly considering interspecific interactions as drivers of dispersal, thus reshaping our understanding of fundamental dynamics including species coexistence and the emergent dynamics of metacommunities and meta-ecosystems. We envision that this initiative will pave the way for advanced forecasting approaches to understanding biodiversity dynamics under the pressures of global change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 , Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Sally Keith
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
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Bielčik M, Schlägel UE, Schäfer M, Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Lakovic M, Sosa-Hernández MA, Hammer EC, Jeltsch F, Rillig MC. Aligning spatial ecological theory with the study of clonal organisms: the case of fungal coexistence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 39073180 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Established ecological theory has focused on unitary organisms, and thus its concepts have matured into a form that often hinders rather than facilitates the ecological study of modular organisms. Here, we use the example of filamentous fungi to develop concepts that enable integration of non-unitary (modular) organisms into the established community ecology theory, with particular focus on its spatial aspects. In doing so, we provide a link between fungal community ecology and modern coexistence theory (MCT). We first show how community processes and predictions made by MCT can be used to define meaningful scales in fungal ecology. This leads to the novel concept of the unit of community interactions (UCI), a promising conceptual tool for applying MCT to communities of modular organisms with indeterminate clonal growth and hierarchical individuality. We outline plausible coexistence mechanisms structuring fungal communities, and show at what spatial scales and in what habitats they are most likely to act. We end by describing challenges and opportunities for empirical and theoretical research in fungal competitive coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Bielčik
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Microbial Biogeochemistry, Research Area Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str.84, Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Ulrike E Schlägel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, House 60, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Merlin Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, House 60, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Alte Messe 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Building R2, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Seminaarinkatu 15, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Milica Lakovic
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Moisés A Sosa-Hernández
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Edith C Hammer
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, Lund University, Ekologihuset, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, House 60, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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Cárdenas AM, Bujalance JL, Camacho A. Environmental factors affecting phenology and distribution of Tentyria species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Doñana National Park (Southern Iberian Peninsula). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 39215652 PMCID: PMC11364989 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This research focuses on the effect of environmental factors on the phenology and distribution of the Tentyria species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Doñana National Park (SW Iberian Peninsula). Data are derived from the results of a project carried out 20 years ago, aimed at inventorying the coleopteran of the park. This information provides a framework for comparison with current or future states since the time elapsed is long enough to detect variations. As the classification of Tentyria species is complex and controversial, the first aspect to be addressed was the taxonomical verification of the species. Indeed, they were T. platyceps Steven., T. subcostata Solier., T. bifida Bujalance, Cárdenas, Ferrer and Gallardo, and T. donanensis Bujalance, Cárdenas, Ferrer and Gallardo. Sampling consisted of 2 years of monthly pitfall trapping, encompassing the surface of the park and adjacent areas. Data on adult seasonal activity and spatial distribution of the species were obtained from the specific abundance in each sampling plot. Phenologically, the 4 species were mainly summer species, with unimodal or bimodal curves depending on the species. The distribution of the species was quite uneven: while T. donanensis was ubiquitous, T. subcostata was restricted to the southern coastal area of the park, and T. platyceps and T. bifida were recorded in the northern half, in marshes or inland forests, respectively. Our results also suggest that extreme temperatures may impose major constraints on the spatial distribution of Tentyria species, which could affect Doñana's biodiversity in the future scenery of thermal rise linked to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cárdenas
- Department of Zoology, Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Luis Bujalance
- Department of Zoology, Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Agustín Camacho
- Department of Physiology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Fuencarral-El Pardo, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Smith LE, Andrew NR, Vernes K. Occurrence patterns of sympatric forest wallabies: assessing the influence of structural habitat attributes on the coexistence of Thylogale thetis and T. stigmatica. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17383. [PMID: 38770092 PMCID: PMC11104341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We studied the occurrence of two sympatric wallabies, the red-necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis) and the red-legged pademelon (T. stigmatica) in northeastern New South Wales, Australia in relation to structural habitat attributes. At our study site, both species inhabit closed forest environments and have overlapping distributions, but T. thetis leaves the forest at night to graze adjacent grassy forest edges whereas T. stigmatica remains within the forest and browses forest vegetation. The objectives of the study were to investigate how structural attributes of two forest types, wet sclerophyll forest and rainforest, relate to the fine-scale occurrence of these two wallaby species within the forested environment. Methods We gathered occurrence data from 48 camera trap stations divided equally between rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest. At each camera point, we also measured a range of structural habitat attributes to determine habitat affiliations for the two Thylogale species. Principal component analyses were used to describe major trends in habitat, and generalised linear models were used to describe the efficacy of the variables in predicting habitat occurrence of each species. Results The number of occurrences of Thylogale thetis was significantly greater than occurrences of T. stigmatica, which was driven by significantly greater occurrences of T. thetis in wet sclerophyll forest. There was both spatial and temporal partitioning between the two species; there was a significant difference in the occurrences of the two species at individual cameras and T. stigmatica had a different activity schedule than T. thetis in wet sclerophyll forest, where the latter reached its greatest rate of occurrence. At a finer (camera station) scale, occurrences of T. thetis increased with proximity to roads and grassy edges and at sites that were less rocky and less steep. T. stigmatica occurrence increased in the presence of rainforest elements like vines, palms and ferns, more ground-level cover and tree-fall gaps and at sites with fewer emergent eucalypts. Conclusion Our findings have implications for managing these pademelons and their habitats. T. thetis is a common species that was encountered more often than T. stigmatica, and it responded positively to human disturbance like roadsides and grassy edges, presumably because these areas provided good grazing opportunities. By comparison, T. stigmatica is a threatened species, and it responded to natural disturbance like tree-fall gaps where lateral cover was greater, and where rainforest food plants may be more abundant. Our results suggest, therefore, that conservation of the threatened T. stigmatica requires the preservation of intact rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E.V. Smith
- Ecosystem Management, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel R. Andrew
- Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karl Vernes
- Ecosystem Management, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Buonocore-Biancheri MJ, Del Carmen Suárez L, Ponssa MD, Kirschbaum DS, Garcia FRM, Ovruski SM. Assessing Natural Incidence of Resident Pupal Parasitoids on the Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Population in Non-crop Fruits. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:225-235. [PMID: 38175394 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), world-renowned as spotted-wing drosophila, is an invasive pest mainly affecting healthy, soft and stone fruit crops throughout Argentinian fruit-growing regions. Natural environments overgrown by exotic feral host plants apparently favour D. suzukii proliferation. This is common in the subtropical northwestern Argentina's berry-producing region. An assemblage of resident parasitoid species has been associated with D. suzukii in crop and non-crop areas of Tucumán, the Argentina's leading berries producer and exporter. Consequently, the hypothesis that the combined action of two pupal parasitoid species, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), occurring in non-crop fruit areas, has a significant impact on D. suzukii natural regulation in such invaded habitats was tested. A survey of D. suzukii puparia from both feral peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] (Rosaceae) and guava (Psydium guajava L.) (Myrtaceae) fallen fruits and soil surrounding them was performed in a wilderness area of Tucumán. Abundance of D. suzukii and associated parasitoids, and parasitism levels were assessed. Whole of 3437 D. suzukii puparia were recovered; 78% and 22% were surveyed from fruits and soil underneath the fruit, respectively. Tested fruits are important D. suzukii multiplying hosts. Both P. vindemiae and T. anastrephae accounted for 99.8% of total parasitoid individuals. Pupal parasitoids contribute to the D. suzukii natural mortality, as they killed a quarter of all puparia. Mostly T. anastrephae foraged on host puparia located in the fruit and P. vindemiae in both microhabitats. This information supports an augmentative biological control strategy in non-crop areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Josefina Buonocore-Biancheri
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Lorena Del Carmen Suárez
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos (DSVAA) del Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, Rivadavia, San Juan, Argentina
- CCT-CONICET-San Juan, Capital, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Marcos Darío Ponssa
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Daniel Santiago Kirschbaum
- INTA-Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Famaillá, Tucumán, Argentina
- Cátedra Horticultura, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marcelo Ovruski
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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8
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Levine JI, Pacala SW, Levine JM. Competition for time: Evidence for an overlooked, diversity-maintaining competitive mechanism. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14422. [PMID: 38549235 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how diversity is maintained in plant communities requires that we first understand the mechanisms of competition for limiting resources. In ecology, there is an underappreciated but fundamental distinction between systems in which the depletion of limiting resources reduces the growth rates of competitors and systems in which resource depletion reduces the time available for competitors to grow, a mechanism we call 'competition for time'. Importantly, modern community ecology and our framing of the coexistence problem are built on the implicit assumption that competition reduces the growth rate. However, recent theoretical work suggests competition for time may be the predominant competitive mechanism in a broad array of natural communities, a significant advance given that when species compete for time, diversity-maintaining trade-offs emerge organically. In this study, we first introduce competition for time conceptually using a simple model of interacting species. Then, we perform an experiment in a Mediterranean annual grassland to determine whether competition for time is an important competitive mechanism in a field system. Indeed, we find that species respond to increased competition through reductions in their lifespan rather than their rate of growth. In total, our study suggests competition for time may be overlooked as a mechanism of biodiversity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob I Levine
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stephen W Pacala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Miller ZR, Clenet M, Della Libera K, Massol F, Allesina S. Coexistence of many species under a random competition-colonization trade-off. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314215121. [PMID: 38261621 PMCID: PMC10835059 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314215121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The competition-colonization (CC) trade-off is a well-studied coexistence mechanism for metacommunities. In this setting, it is believed that the coexistence of all species requires their traits to satisfy restrictive conditions limiting their similarity. To investigate whether diverse metacommunities can assemble in a CC trade-off model, we study their assembly from a probabilistic perspective. From a pool of species with parameters (corresponding to traits) sampled at random, we compute the probability that any number of species coexist and characterize the set of species that emerges through assembly. Remarkably, almost exactly half of the species in a large pool typically coexist, with no saturation as the size of the pool grows, and with little dependence on the underlying distribution of traits. Through a mix of analytical results and simulations, we show that this unlimited niche packing emerges as assembly actively moves communities toward overdispersed configurations in niche space. Our findings also apply to a realistic assembly scenario where species invade one at a time from a fixed regional pool. When diversity arises de novo in the metacommunity, richness still grows without bound, but more slowly. Together, our results suggest that the CC trade-off can support the robust emergence of diverse communities, even when coexistence of the full species pool is exceedingly unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Miller
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - Maxime Clenet
- Laboratoire d’Informatique Gaspard-Monge, UMR 8049, CNRS, Université Gustave Eiffel, Marne-la-Vallée77454, France
| | - Katja Della Libera
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - François Massol
- Université Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, LilleF-59000, France
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
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Awais M, Naqvi SMZA, Zhang H, Li L, Zhang W, Awwad FA, Ismail EAA, Khan MI, Raghavan V, Hu J. AI and machine learning for soil analysis: an assessment of sustainable agricultural practices. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:90. [PMID: 38647622 PMCID: PMC10992573 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural practices help to manage and use natural resources efficiently. Due to global climate and geospatial land design, soil texture, soil-water content (SWC), and other parameters vary greatly; thus, real time, robust, and accurate soil analytical measurements are difficult to be developed. Conventional statistical analysis tools take longer to analyze and interpret data, which may have delayed a crucial decision. Therefore, this review paper is presented to develop the researcher's insight toward robust, accurate, and quick soil analysis using artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) platforms to attain robustness in SWC and soil texture analysis. Machine learning algorithms, such as random forests, support vector machines, and neural networks, can be employed to develop predictive models based on available soil data and auxiliary environmental variables. Geostatistical techniques, including kriging and co-kriging, help interpolate and extrapolate soil property values to unsampled locations, improving the spatial representation of the data set. The false positivity in SWC results and bugs in advanced detection techniques are also evaluated, which may lead to wrong agricultural practices. Moreover, the advantages of AI data processing over general statistical analysis for robust and noise-free results have also been discussed in light of smart irrigation technologies. Conclusively, the conventional statistical tools for SWCs and soil texture analysis are not enough to practice and manage ergonomic land management. The broader geospatial non-numeric data are more suitable for AI processing that may soon help soil scientists develop a global SWC database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Linze Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fuad A Awwad
- Department of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A A Ismail
- Department of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ijaz Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jiandong Hu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Neale Z, Rudolf VHW. Predation and competition drive trait diversity across space and time. Ecology 2023; 104:e4182. [PMID: 37786267 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Competition should play a key role in shaping community assembly and thereby local and regional biodiversity patterns. However, identifying its relative importance and effects in natural communities is challenging because theory suggests that competition can lead to different and even opposing patterns depending on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we have taken a different approach: rather than attempting to indirectly infer competition from diversity patterns, we compared trait diversity patterns in odonate (dragonfly and damselfly) communities across different spatial and temporal scales along a natural competition-predation gradient. At the local scale (within a community), we found that trait diversity increased with the size of top predators (from invertebrates to fish). This relationship is consistent with differences in taxonomic diversity, suggesting that competition reduces local trait diversity through competitive exclusion. Spatial (across communities) and temporal (within communities over time) trait variation peaked in communities with intermediate predators indicating that both high levels of competition or predation select for trait convergence of communities. This indicates that competition acts as a deterministic force that reduces trait diversity at the local, regional, and temporal scales, which contrasts with patterns at the taxonomic level. Overall, results from this natural experiment reveal how competition and predation interact to shape biodiversity patterns in natural communities across spatial and temporal scales and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Neale
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Volker H W Rudolf
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Rynne N, Birtles G, Bell J, Pau Duhlian MS, McNeil S, Mehrpooya A, Noske B, Vakeesan Y, Bode M. Complex patch geometry promotes species coexistence through a reverse competition-colonization trade-off. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231554. [PMID: 37909079 PMCID: PMC10618891 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining the maintenance of diverse species assemblages is a central goal of ecology and conservation. Recent coexistence mechanisms highlight the role of dispersal as a source of the differences that allow similar species to coexist. Here, we propose a new mechanism for species coexistence that is based on dispersal differences, and on the geometry of the habitat patch. In a finite habitat patch with complex boundaries, species with different dispersal abilities will arrange themselves in stable, concentric patterns of dominance. Species with superior competitive and dispersal abilities will dominate the interior of the patch, with inferior species at the periphery. We demonstrate and explain the mechanism on a simple one-dimensional domain, and then on two-dimensional habitat patches with realistic geometries. Finally, we use metrics from landscape ecology to demonstrate that habitat patches with more complex geometries can more easily support coexistence. The factors that underpin this new coexistence mechanism-different dispersal abilities and habitat patches with complex geometries-are common to many marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and it is therefore possible that the mechanism is a common factor supporting diverse species assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rynne
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 4 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Geneva Birtles
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 4 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jamie Bell
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Mung Suan Pau Duhlian
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Samuel McNeil
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
| | - Adel Mehrpooya
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 4 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Blake Noske
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Yadursha Vakeesan
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Michael Bode
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 4 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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13
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Cronin JT, Goddard J, Krivchenia A, Shivaji R. Density-dependent within-patch movement behavior of two competing species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10753. [PMID: 38020706 PMCID: PMC10659955 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement behavior is central to understanding species distributions, population dynamics and coexistence with other species. Although the relationship between conspecific density and emigration has been well studied, little attention has been paid to how interspecific competitor density affects another species' movement behavior. We conducted releases of two species of competing Tribolium flour beetles at different densities, alone and together in homogeneous microcosms, and tested whether their recaptures-with-distance were well described by a random-diffusion model. We also determined whether mean displacement distances varied with the release density of conspecific and heterospecific beetles. A diffusion model provided a good fit to the redistribution of T. castaneum and T. confusum at all release densities, explaining an average of >60% of the variation in recaptures. For both species, mean displacement (directly proportional to the diffusion rate) exhibited a humped-shaped relationship with conspecific density. Finally, we found that both species of beetle impacted the within-patch movement rates of the other species, but the effect depended on density. For T. castaneum in the highest density treatment, the addition of equal numbers of T. castaneum or T. confusum had the same effect, with mean displacements reduced by approximately one half. The same result occurred for T. confusum released at an intermediate density. In both cases, it was total beetle abundance, not species identity that mattered to mean displacement. We suggest that displacement or diffusion rates that exhibit a nonlinear relationship with density or depend on the presence or abundance of interacting species should be considered when attempting to predict the spatial spread of populations or scaling up to heterogeneous landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Cronin
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Jerome Goddard
- Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceAuburn University MontgomeryMontgomeryAlabamaUSA
| | - Aaron Krivchenia
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Ratnasingham Shivaji
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of North Carolina GreensboroGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
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14
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Warret Rodrigues C, Roth JD. Coexistence of two sympatric predators in a transitional ecosystem under constraining environmental conditions: a perspective from space and habitat use. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:60. [PMID: 37784160 PMCID: PMC10544556 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Range expansion of species, a major consequence of climate changes, may alter communities substantially due to competition between expanding and native species. METHODS We first quantified size differences between an expanding habitat generalist, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and a circumpolar habitat specialist, the Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus), at the edge of the Arctic, where climate-related changes occur rapidly, to predict the likelihood of the larger competitor escalating interference to intraguild killing. We then used satellite telemetry to evaluate competition in a heterogeneous landscape by examining space use early during the foxes' reproductive period, when resource scarcity, increased-food requirements and spatial constraints likely exacerbate the potential for interference. We used time-LoCoH to quantify space and habitat use, and Minta's index to quantify spatio-temporal interactions between neighbors. RESULTS Our morphometric comparison involving 236 foxes found that the potential for escalated interference between these species was high due to intermediate size difference. However, our results from 17 collared foxes suggested that expanding and native competitors may coexist when expanding species occur at low densities. Low home-range overlap between neighbors suggested territoriality and substantial exploitation competition for space. No obvious differential use of areas shared by heterospecific neighbors suggested low interference. If anything, intraspecific competition between red foxes may be stronger than interspecific competition. Red and Arctic foxes used habitat differentially, with near-exclusive use of forest patches by red foxes and marine habitats by Arctic foxes. CONCLUSION Heterogeneous landscapes may relax interspecific competition between expanding and native species, allowing exclusive use of some resources. Furthermore, the scarcity of habitats favored by expanding species may emphasize intraspecific competition between newcomers over interspecific competition, thus creating the potential for self-limitation of expanding populations. Dominant expanding competitors may benefit from interference, but usually lack adaptations to abiotic conditions at their expansion front, favoring rear-edge subordinate species in exploitation competition. However, due to ongoing climate change, systems are usually not at equilibrium. A spread of habitats and resources favorable to expanding species may promote higher densities of antagonistically dominant newcomers, which may lead to extirpation of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Warret Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - James D Roth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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15
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Smith MM, Erb JD, Pauli JN. Reciprocated competition between two forest carnivores drives dietary specialization. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:1695-1706. [PMID: 37282830 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Competition shapes animal communities, but the strength of the interaction varies spatially depending on the availability and aggregation of resources and competitors. Among carnivores, competition is particularly pronounced with the strongest interactions between similar species with intermediate differences in body size. While ecologists have emphasized interference competition among carnivores based on dominance hierarchies from body size (smaller = subordinate; larger = dominant), the reciprocity of exploitative competition from subordinate species has been overlooked even though efficient exploitation can limit resource availability and influence foraging. Across North America, fishers Pekania pennanti and martens (Martes spp.) are two phylogenetically related forest carnivores that exhibit a high degree of overlap in habitat use and diet and differ in body size by a factor of 2-5×, eliciting particularly strong interspecific competition. In the Great Lakes region, fishers and martens occur both allopatrically and sympatrically; where they co-occur, the numerically dominant species varies spatially. This natural variation in competitors and environmental conditions enables comparisons to understand how interference and exploitative competition alter dietary niche overlap and foraging strategies. We analysed stable isotopes (δ13 C and δ15 N) from 317 martens and 132 fishers, as well as dietary items (n = 629) from 20 different genera, to compare niche size and overlap. We then quantified individual diet specialization and modelled the response to environmental conditions that were hypothesized to influence individual foraging. Martens and fishers exhibited high overlap in both available and core isotopic δ-space, but no overlap of core dietary proportions. When the competitor was absent or rare, both martens and fishers consumed more smaller-bodied prey. Notably, the dominant fisher switched from being a specialist of larger to smaller prey in the absence of the subordinate marten. Environmental context also influenced dietary specialization: increasing land cover diversity and prey abundance reduced specialization in martens whereas vegetation productivity increased specialization for both martens and fishers. Despite an important dominance hierarchy, fishers adjusted their niche in the face of a subordinate, but superior, exploitative competitor. These findings highlight the underappreciated role of the subordinate competitor in shaping the dietary niche of a dominant competitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Smith
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John D Erb
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan N Pauli
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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16
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Miller ZR, Allesina S. Habitat Heterogeneity, Environmental Feedbacks, and Species Coexistence across Timescales. Am Nat 2023; 202:E53-E64. [PMID: 37531282 DOI: 10.1086/724821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractClassic ecological theory explains species coexistence in variable environments. While spatial variation is often treated as an intrinsic feature of a landscape, it may be shaped and even generated by the resident community. All species modify their local environment to some extent, driving changes that can feed back to affect the composition and coexistence of the community, potentially over timescales very different from population dynamics. We introduce a simple nested modeling framework for community dynamics in heterogeneous environments, including the possible evolution of heterogeneity over time due to community-environment feedbacks. We use this model to derive analytical conditions for species coexistence in environments where heterogeneity is either fixed or shaped by feedbacks. Among other results, our approach reveals how dispersal and environmental specialization interact to shape realized patterns of habitat association and demonstrates that environmental feedbacks can tune landscape conditions to allow the stable coexistence of any number of species. Our flexible modeling framework helps explain feedback dynamics that arise in a wide range of ecosystems and offers a generic platform for exploring the interplay between species and landscape diversity.
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17
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Bell E, Fisher JT, Darimont C, Hart H, Bone C. Influence of heterospecifics on mesocarnivore behaviour at shared scavenging opportunities in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11026. [PMID: 37419891 PMCID: PMC10329011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In seasonal environments, the ability of mustelid species to acquire carrion-a dietary resource heavily depended upon-is driven by a collection local habitat characteristics and competition dynamics. In resource-scarce winter, sympatric mesocarnivores must balance energetic rewards of carrion with avoiding antagonistic interactions with conspecifics. We examined scavenging interactions among three mustelid species in the northern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Camera traps (n = 59) were baited with carrion during winter between 2006 to 2008. Spatial and temporal dimensions of scavenger behaviour (i.e., carcass use) were evaluated using a multi-model approach, which enabled us to recognize potentially adaptive behavioural mechanisms for mitigating competition at carcass sites. Best performing models indicated that carrion site use is governed by a combination of competition threats and environmental factors. A decrease in scavenging with increasing snow depth was observed across all species. Mustelids adopted a host of adaptive behavioural strategies to access shared scavenging opportunities. We found evidence that wolverine (Gulo gulo) and American marten (Martes americana) segregate in space but temporally tracked one another. Short-tailed weasel (Mustela erminea) scavenging decreased with greater site use by marten. Carcass availability across a spatially complex environment, as well as spatial-temporal avoidance strategies, can facilitate carrion resource partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elicia Bell
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Jason T Fisher
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Chris Darimont
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Henry Hart
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Christopher Bone
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
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18
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Merz E, Kitahara MV, Flores AAV. A legacy of invasive sun corals: Distinct mobile invertebrate assemblages at near-reef coral-dominated rubble. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:105974. [PMID: 37058776 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fast-growing and reproducing sun corals have successfully invaded rocky reefs around the Atlantic Ocean, markedly reducing the diversity of fouling invertebrates and macroalgae, and profoundly changing the composition of reef-associated mobile invertebrates. Here, we address sun-coral rubble depositions and report, for the first time, the effects of sun corals on near-reef soft-bottom invertebrate assemblages. Abundance, richness and diversity were higher at rubble habitats compared to bare sandy grounds, which could be a positive effect of substrate complexity. All those parameters were also higher at rubble patches dominated by sun-coral fragments compared to rubble patches dominated by pebbles or shell fragments, also suggesting possible additive effects of coral-borne chemical attraction (sun-coral specific, as inputs of other coral species were virtually absent). Different epifaunal groups were exclusive of rubble habitats and a subset of those exclusive of sun-coral rubble, explaining the incremental richness across habitats. The relative abundance of the two dominant groups - polychaetes (p) and amphipods (a) - contributed the most to the observed contrasts on community structure, as their proportion (p:a) changed from 10:1 in bare sand to nearly co-dominance in coral rubble. While previous research suggested that spreading sun corals reduce prey supply for fish foraging on reef walls, our results suggest they may increase prey abundance and diversity at the adjacent non-consolidated habitat, possibly reshaping trophic pathways connecting the benthic and the pelagic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Merz
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo - Rod. Dr. Manoel Hipólito do Rego, Km 131.5, Pitangueiras, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) - Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo V Kitahara
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo - Rod. Dr. Manoel Hipólito do Rego, Km 131.5, Pitangueiras, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil; Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - R. Silva Jardim, n° 136, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto A V Flores
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo - Rod. Dr. Manoel Hipólito do Rego, Km 131.5, Pitangueiras, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Ruiz-Herrera A. The role of the spatial topology in trophic metacommunities: Species with reduced mobility and total population size. J Theor Biol 2023; 566:111479. [PMID: 37075827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
A central question in ecology is understanding the influence of the spatial topology on the dynamics of a metacommunity. This is not an easy task, as most fragmented ecosystems have trophic interactions involving many species and patches. Recent attempts to solve this challenge have introduced certain simplifying assumptions or focused on a limited set of examples. These simplifications make the models mathematically tractable but keep away from real-world problems. In this paper, we provide a novel methodology to describe the influence of the spatial topology on the total population size of the species when the dispersal rates are small. The main conclusion is that the influence of the spatial topology is the result of the influence of each path in isolation. Here, a path refers to a pairwise connection between two patches. Our framework can be readily used with any metacommunity, and therefore represents a unification of biological insights. We also discuss several applications regarding the construction of ecological corridors.
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20
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de Almeida AB, Magioli M, Gheler-Costa C, Verdade LM, Marques TS, de Cássia Gilli de Lima L, Püttker T. Trophic niche overlap among Neotropical carnivores in a silvicultural landscape. MAMMALIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2022-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To enable long-term coexistence, species need to differentiate at least one of the three main dimensions of the ecological niche (temporal, spatial, or trophic dimension). Here, we investigated whether mammalian predators (Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous, Lycalopex vetulus, and Puma concolor) follow the prediction of trophic niche partitioning, which is expected when partitioning of food resources represents an important mechanism for coexistence. We predicted low niche overlap in general and low between P. concolor and the other species. We analyzed 207 fecal samples collected at a landscape composed of forest remnants immersed in Eucalyptus plantations. Food items (animals and plants) were identified using exoskeletons, feathers, scales, teeth, hair, and seeds. We calculated the frequency and percentage of occurrence of food items, niche breadth, and niche overlap between pairs of species. Prey size was similar among all predators, consuming mainly small-sized prey (<1 kg). However, niche breadth was larger for smaller carnivores compared to larger ones. No species pair showed significantly lower niche overlap than expected by chance. Our study provided detailed information on trophic resource use of sympatric carnivores, showing that trophic niche partitioning seems not to be crucial for the coexistence of carnivores in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Diadema , SP 05508-900 , Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Ecologia Aplicada , Escola Superior de Agricultura , Luiz de Queiroz , Universidade de São Paulo , Piracicaba , SP , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Magioli
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros , Atibaia , SP , Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) , Atibaia , SP , Brazil
| | - Carla Gheler-Costa
- Ecologia Aplicada: Pesquisa, Ensino e Serviços Ambientais , Vale do Igapó , Bauru , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Simon Marques
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais (NEAS), Universidade de Sorocaba , Sorocaba , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Püttker
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Diadema , SP , Brazil
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21
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Moizan A, Warret Rodrigues C, Roth JD. Different selection criteria may relax competition for denning sites between expanding red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and endemic Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) on the low-Arctic tundra. Polar Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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22
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Barkan CO, Wang S. Multiple phase transitions shape biodiversity of a migrating population. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:034405. [PMID: 37072956 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.034405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
In a wide variety of natural systems, closely related microbial strains coexist stably, resulting in high levels of fine-scale biodiversity. However, the mechanisms that stabilize this coexistence are not fully understood. Spatial heterogeneity is one common stabilizing mechanism, but the rate at which organisms disperse throughout the heterogeneous environment may strongly impact the stabilizing effect that heterogeneity can provide. An intriguing example is the gut microbiome, where active mechanisms affect the movement of microbes and potentially maintain diversity. We investigate how biodiversity is affected by migration rate using a simple evolutionary model with heterogeneous selection pressure. We find that the biodiversity-migration rate relationship is shaped by multiple phase transitions, including a reentrant phase transition to coexistence. At each transition, an ecotype goes extinct and dynamics exhibit critical slowing down (CSD). CSD is encoded in the statistics of fluctuations due to demographic noise-this may provide an experimental means for detecting and altering impending extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey O Barkan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Shenshen Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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23
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Buonocore Biancheri MJ, Núñez-Campero SR, Suárez L, Ponssa MD, Kirschbaum DS, Garcia FRM, Ovruski SM. Implications of the Niche Partitioning and Coexistence of Two Resident Parasitoids for Drosophila suzukii Management in Non-Crop Areas. INSECTS 2023; 14:222. [PMID: 36975907 PMCID: PMC10051101 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms associated with the coexistence of competing parasitoid species is critical in approaching any biological control strategy against the globally invasive pest spotted-wing drosophila (=SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). This study assessed the coexistence of two resident pupal parasitoids, Trichopria anastrephae Lima and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani, in SWD-infested fruit, in disturbed wild vegetation areas of Tucumán, northwestern Argentina, based on niche segregation. Drosophilid puparia were collected between December/2016 and April/2017 from three different pupation microhabitats in fallen feral peach and guava. These microhabitats were "inside flesh (mesocarp)", "outside flesh", but associated with the fruit, and "soil", i.e., puparia buried close to fruit. Saprophytic drosophilid puparia (=SD) belonging to the Drosophila melanogaster group and SWD were found in all tested microhabitats. SD predominated in both inside and outside flesh, whereas SWD in soil. Both parasitoids attacked SWD puparia. However, T. anastrephae emerged mainly from SD puparia primarily in the inside flesh, whereas P. vindemiae mostly foraged SWD puparia in less competitive microhabitats, such as in the soil or outside the flesh. Divergence in host choice and spatial patterns of same-resource preferences between both parasitoids may mediate their coexistence in non-crop environments. Given this scenario, both parasitoids have potential as SWD biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Josefina Buonocore Biancheri
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Segundo Ricardo Núñez-Campero
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Provincia de La Rioja, UNLaR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco 5301, La Rioja, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biología de la Conservación y Paleobiología, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (UNLaR), Av. Luis M. de la Fuente s/n., Ciudad de La Rioja 5300, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Lorena Suárez
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos de San Juan (DSVAA)—Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, CONICET, Nazario Benavides 8000 Oeste, Rivadavia 5413, San Juan, Argentina
- CCT CONICET San Juan, Argentina Av. Libertador Gral. San Martín 1109, Capital 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Marcos Darío Ponssa
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Daniel Santiago Kirschbaum
- INTA Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Tucumán Ruta Prov. 301, km 32, Famaillá 4132, Tucumán, Argentina
- Cátedra Horticultura, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marcelo Ovruski
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
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Generalism in nature: a community ecology perspective. COMMUNITY ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-022-00130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLife on Earth is complex and generally abounds in food webs with other living organisms in terms of an ecological community. Besides such complexity, and the fact that populations of most living organisms have never been studied in terms of their molecular ecology, it is best to tread carefully when describing a given species as a ‘generalist’, more especially in terms of dietary and habitat breadth. We very much doubt that population homogeneity ever exists—because populations are always undergoing molecular-genetic changes, sometimes rapid, in response to various ecological challenges (e.g. climate, intra- and interspecific competition). In any case, a population may already have begun to undergo cryptic speciation. Such entities can occupy different habitats or exhibit different dietary breadths as a result of various ecological interactions formed over different spatial scales. These scales include everything from local (including islands) to geographic. The fossil evidence reveals that specialisations have existed over vast swathes of time. Besides, as is well documented, evolution only occurs as a result of adaptations leading to specialisation, and ultimately, specialist entitles, i.e. species and lower levels of ecological-evolutionary divergence. Here, focusing on diet, we posit that the terms mono-, oligo-and polyphagous are more accurate in relation to the dietary breadth of animals, with omnivory adopted in the case of organisms with very different food items. Thus, we strongly urge that the dubious and unscientific term ‘generalism’ be dropped in favour of these more precise and scientifically accurate terms directly relating to levels of phagy.
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Lamont MM, Alday J, Alday C. Interspecific interactions among three species of sea turtle using a common resting area. Ecology 2023; 104:e3861. [PMID: 36062327 PMCID: PMC10078534 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Lamont
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Alday
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carson Alday
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Host-Parasite Relationships of Quill Mites (Syringophilidae) and Parrots (Psittaciformes). DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d15010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The family Syringophilidae (Acari: Prostigmata) includes obligatory ectoparasites, which occupy feather quills from various parts of avian plumage, where they feed and reproduce. Our study was concerned with the global fauna of syringophilid mites associated with Psittaciformes, as well as host-parasite specificity and evolution. We assumed that the system composed of quill mites and parrots represents a model group that can be used in a broader study of the relationships between parasites and hosts. In total, we examined 1524 host individuals of parrots belonging to 195 species, 73 genera, and 4 families (which constitute ca. 50% of global parrot fauna) from all zoogeographical regions where Psittaciformes occur. Among them, 89 individuals representing 81 species have been infested by quill mites belonging to 45 species and 8 genera. The prevalence of host infestations by syringophilid mites varied from 2.8% to 100% (95% confidence interval (CI Sterne method) = 0.1–100). We applied a bipartite analysis to determine the parasite-host interaction, network indices, and host specificity at the species and whole network levels. The Syringophilidae-Psittaciformes network was composed of 24 mite species and 47 host species. The bipartite network was characterized by a high network level specialization H2′ = 0.98, connectance C = 0.89, and high modularity Q = 0.90, with 23 modules, but low nestedness N = 0.0333. Moreover, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the quill mites on the generic level, and this analysis shows two distinct clades: Psittaciphilus (Peristerophila + Terratosyringophilus) (among Syringophilinae subfamily) and Lawrencipicobia (Pipicobia + Rafapicobia) (among Picobiinae). Finally, the distributions and host-parasite relationships in the system composed of syringophilid mites and parrots are discussed.
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Suffice P, Mazerolle MJ, Imbeau L, Cheveau M, Asselin H, Drapeau P. Site occupancy by American martens and fishers in temperate deciduous forests of Québec. J Mammal 2022; 104:159-170. [PMID: 36818684 PMCID: PMC9936503 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific interactions can mediate site occupancy of sympatric species and can be a key factor in habitat use patterns. American martens (Martes americana) and Fishers (Pekania pennanti) are two sympatric mesocarnivores in eastern North American forests. Due to their larger size, fishers have a competitive advantage over martens. We investigated site occupancy of martens and fishers in temperate deciduous forests of Québec, an environment modified by forest management and climate change. We formulated hypotheses on the spatial distribution of the studied species based on the knowledge of local trappers and on the scientific literature regarding forest cover composition, habitat fragmentation, and competitive relationships. We used a network of 49 camera traps monitored over two fall seasons to document site occupancy by both species. We used two-species site occupancy models to assess habitat use and the influence of fishers on martens at spatial grains of different sizes. None of the habitat variables that we considered explained site occupancy by fishers. Availability of dense old coniferous stands explained the spatial distribution of martens both at the home range grain size and at the landscape grain size. We identified the characteristics of habitat hotspots based on the knowledge of trappers, which highlighted the importance of stand composition, height, age, and canopy closure. The characteristics of habitat hotspots for martens in temperate deciduous forests refine the habitat suitability model for American martens that was originally developed for boreal forests of Québec.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc J Mazerolle
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Imbeau
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Marianne Cheveau
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Hugo Asselin
- École d’études autochtones, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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28
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Coexistence conditions in generalized discrete-time models of insect population dynamics. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Clarke AR, Measham PF. Competition: A Missing Component of Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Risk Assessment and Planning. INSECTS 2022; 13:1065. [PMID: 36421968 PMCID: PMC9697728 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tephritid fruit flies are internationally significant pests of horticulture. Because they are also highly invasive and of major quarantine concern, significant effort is placed in developing full or partial pest risk assessments (PRAs) for fruit flies, while large investments can be made for their control. Competition between fruit fly species, driven by the need to access and utilise fruit for larval development, has long been recognised by researchers as a fundamental component of fruit fly biology, but is entirely absent from the fruit fly PRA literature and appears not be considered in major initiative planning. First presenting a summary of the research data which documents fruit fly competition, this paper then identifies four major effects of fruit fly competition that could impact a PRA or large-scale initiative: (i) numerical reduction of an existing fruit fly pest species following competitive displacement by an invasive fruit fly; (ii) displacement of a less competitive fruit fly pest species in space, time or host; (iii) ecological resistance to fruit fly invasion in regions already with competitively dominant fruit fly species; and (iv) lesser-pest fruit fly resurgence following control of a competitively superior species. From these four major topics, six more detailed issues are identified, with each of these illustrated by hypothetical, but realistic biosecurity scenarios from Australia/New Zealand and Europe. The scenarios identify that the effects of fruit fly competition might both positively or negatively affect the predicted impacts of an invasive fruit fly or targeted fruit fly control initiative. Competition as a modifier of fruit fly risk needs to be recognised by policy makers and incorporated into fruit fly PRAs and major investment initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Clarke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Penelope F. Measham
- Horticulture and Forestry Science, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, GPO Box 267, Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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30
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Lee F, Simon KS, Perry GLW. Network topology mediates freshwater fish metacommunity response to loss of connectivity. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Finnbar Lee
- School of Environment The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Kevin S. Simon
- School of Environment The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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31
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Sundarraman D, Smith TJ, Kast JVZ, Guillemin K, Parthasarathy R. Disaggregation as an interaction mechanism among intestinal bacteria. Biophys J 2022; 121:3458-3473. [PMID: 35982615 PMCID: PMC9515126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome contains hundreds of interacting species that together influence host health and development. The mechanisms by which intestinal microbes can interact, however, remain poorly mapped and are often modeled as spatially unstructured competitions for chemical resources. Recent imaging studies examining the zebrafish gut have shown that patterns of aggregation are central to bacterial population dynamics. In this study, we focus on bacterial species of genera Aeromonas and Enterobacter. Two zebrafish gut-derived isolates, Aeromonas ZOR0001 (AE) and Enterobacter ZOR0014 (EN), when mono-associated with the host, are highly aggregated and located primarily in the intestinal midgut. An Aeromonas isolate derived from the commensal strain, Aeromonas-MB4 (AE-MB4), differs from the parental strain in that it is composed mostly of planktonic cells localized to the anterior gut. When challenged by AE-MB4, clusters of EN rapidly fragment into non-motile, slow-growing, dispersed individual cells with overall abundance two orders of magnitude lower than the mono-association value. In the presence of a certain set of additional gut bacterial species, these effects on EN are dampened. In particular, if AE-MB4 invades an already established multi-species community, EN persists in the form of large aggregates. These observations reveal an unanticipated competition mechanism based on manipulation of bacterial spatial organization, namely dissolution of aggregates, and provide evidence that multi-species communities may facilitate stable intestinal co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sundarraman
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - T Jarrod Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Jade V Z Kast
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Humans and the Microbiome Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Raghuveer Parthasarathy
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.
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Cusumano A, Peri E, Alınç T, Colazza S. Contrasting reproductive traits of competing parasitoids facilitate coexistence on a shared host pest in a biological control perspective. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3376-3383. [PMID: 35513347 PMCID: PMC9541709 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interspecific competition in insect parasitoids is an important ecological phenomenon that has relevant implications for biological pest control. To date, interspecific intrinsic (=larval) competition has been intensively studied, while investigations on extrinsic (=adult) competition have often lagged behind. In this study we examined the role played by parasitoid reproductive traits and host clutch size on the outcome of extrinsic competition between Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) and Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev), two egg parasitoids of the pest Nezara viridula (L). Laboratory experiments were conducted by allowing both parasitoid species to exploit an egg mass made of 10, 20, 30, or 40 hosts through single or simultaneous releases. Furthermore, under field conditions, egg masses consisting of 10 or 40 hosts were exposed in a tomato crop in order to validate laboratory investigation. RESULTS The results show that the egg mass size is an important predictor of extrinsic competition in our study system as a higher proportion of T. basalis emerged from large egg masses, while O. telenomicida dominated in small egg masses. Analysis of reproductive traits of parasitoid species indicates that T. basalis has superior abilities in host exploitation compared with O. telenomicida. CONCLUSIONS We found that contrasting reproductive traits of two competing egg parasitoid species facilitate coexistence on a shared stink bug host. This work also highlights the importance to consider extrinsic competitive interactions between parasitoid species in a biological control perspective. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Cusumano
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of Palermo Viale delle ScienzePalermoItaly
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro‐Environmental Technology (BAT Center)University of Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly
| | - Ezio Peri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of Palermo Viale delle ScienzePalermoItaly
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro‐Environmental Technology (BAT Center)University of Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly
| | - Tuğcan Alınç
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of Palermo Viale delle ScienzePalermoItaly
| | - Stefano Colazza
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of Palermo Viale delle ScienzePalermoItaly
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro‐Environmental Technology (BAT Center)University of Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly
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Curveira‐Santos G, Gigliotti L, Sutherland C, Rato D, Santos‐Reis M, Swanepoel LH. Context-dependency in carnivore co-occurrence across a multi-use conservation landscape. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9239. [PMID: 36052301 PMCID: PMC9424669 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivore intraguild dynamics depend on a complex interplay of environmental affinities and interspecific interactions. Context-dependency is commonly expected with varying suites of interacting species and environmental conditions but seldom empirically described. In South Africa, decentralized approaches to conservation and the resulting multi-tenure conservation landscapes have markedly altered the environmental stage that shapes the structure of local carnivore assemblages. We explored assemblage-wide patterns of carnivore spatial (residual occupancy probability) and temporal (diel activity overlap) co-occurrence across three adjacent wildlife-oriented management contexts-a provincial protected area, a private ecotourism reserve, and commercial game ranches. We found that carnivores were generally distributed independently across space, but existing spatial dependencies were context-specific. Spatial overlap was most common in the protected area, where species occur at higher relative abundances, and in game ranches, where predator persecution presumably narrows the scope for spatial asymmetries. In the private reserve, spatial co-occurrence patterns were more heterogeneous but did not follow a dominance hierarchy associated with higher apex predator densities. Pair-specific variability suggests that subordinate carnivores may alternate between pre-emptive behavioral strategies and fine-scale co-occurrence with dominant competitors. Consistency in species-pairs diel activity asynchrony suggested that temporal overlap patterns in our study areas mostly depend on species' endogenous clock rather than the local context. Collectively, our research highlights the complexity and context-dependency of guild-level implications of current management and conservation paradigms; specifically, the unheeded potential for interventions to influence the local network of carnivore interactions with unknown population-level and cascading effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Curveira‐Santos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Laura Gigliotti
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Chris Sutherland
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental ModellingUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Daniela Rato
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Margarida Santos‐Reis
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Lourens H. Swanepoel
- Department of Zoology, School of Mathematical & Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
- African Institute for Conservation EcologyLevubuSouth Africa
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Evaluating the temporal and spatio-temporal niche partitioning between carnivores by different analytical method in northeastern Japan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11987. [PMID: 35835847 PMCID: PMC9283404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal and spatio-temporal niche partitioning is an important strategy for carnivore coexistence. Camera-trap data has been analyzed through several methods to assess the temporal and spatio-temporal niche partitioning. However, different analytical approaches used to may evaluate niche partitioning detect different results. In this study, we evaluated the temporal or spatio-temporal partitioning among sympatric medium-sized carnivores, red foxes, raccoon dogs, and Japanese martens, based on three analytical methods-the temporal overlap, temporal co-occurrence, and time-to-encounter analysis-to evaluate. From May to October 2019 and 2020, we obtained the activity of the target species using camera-traps in northeastern Japan. We analyzed the data with the coefficient of temporal overlap, probabilistic co-occurrence analysis, checkerboard score, and multi-response permutation procedures. The results of the assessment of the niche partitioning differed depending on the analytical methods based on temporal and spatio-temporal partitioning. Therefore, we conclude that the choice of analytical approach is important for evaluating the temporal and spatio-temporal niche partitioning.
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35
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Non-parallel morphological divergence following colonization of a new host plant. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAdaptation to new ecological niches is known to spur population diversification and may lead to speciation if gene flow is ceased. While adaptation to the same ecological niche is expected to be parallel, it is more difficult to predict whether selection against maladaptive hybridization in secondary sympatry results in parallel divergence also in traits that are not directly related to the ecological niches. Such parallelisms in response to selection for reproductive isolation can be identified through estimating parallelism in reproductive character displacement across different zones of secondary contact. Here, we use a host shift in the phytophagous peacock fly Tephritis conura, with both host races represented in two geographically separate areas East and West of the Baltic Sea to investigate convergence in morphological adaptations. We asked (i) if there are consistent morphological adaptations to a host plant shift and (ii) if the response to secondary sympatry with the alternate host race is parallel across contact zones. We found surprisingly low and variable, albeit significant, divergence between host races. Only one trait, the length of the female ovipositor, which serves an important function in the interaction with the hosts, was consistently different between host races. Instead, co-existence with the other host race significantly affected the degree of morphological divergence, but the divergence was largely driven by different traits in different contact zones. Thus, local stochastic fixation or reinforcement could generate trait divergence, and additional evidence is needed to conclude whether divergence is locally adaptive.
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Fisher JT, Ladle A. Syntopic species interact with large boreal mammals' response to anthropogenic landscape change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153432. [PMID: 35090931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Landscape change alters species' distributions, and understanding these changes is a key ecological and conservation goal. Species-habitat relationships are often modelled in the absence of syntopic species, but niche theory and emerging empirical research suggests heterospecifics should entrain (and statistically explain) variability in distribution, perhaps synergistically by interacting with landscape features. We examined the effects of syntopic species in boreal mammals' relationship to landscape change, using three years of camera-trap data in the western Nearctic boreal forest. Using an information-theoretic framework, we weighed evidence for additive and interactive variables measuring heterospecifics' co-occurrence in species distribution models built on natural and anthropogenic landscape features. We competed multiple hypotheses about the roles of natural features, anthropogenic features, predators, competitors, and species-habitat interaction terms in explaining relative abundance of carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores/scavengers. For most species, models including heterospecifics explained occurrence frequency better than landscape features alone. Dominant predator (wolf) occurrence was best explained by prey, while prey species were explained by apparent competitors and subdominant predators. Evidence for interactions between landscape features and heterospecifics was strong for coyotes and wolves but variable for other species. Boreal mammals' spatial distribution is a function of heterospecific co-occurrence as well as landscape features, with synergistic effects observed for most species. Understanding species' responses to anthropogenic landscape change thus requires a multi-taxa approach that incorporates interspecific relationships, enabling better inference into underlying processes from observed patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Fisher
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Andrew Ladle
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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Spatiotemporal co-occurrence of predators and prey in a neotropical mammal community in southern Mexico. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions are one of the central themes in ecology due to their importance as a key mechanism in structuring biotic communities. In the predator-prey systems, the behaviours of persecution and avoidance impact on the ecosystem dynamics as much as the trophic interactions. We aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal co-occurrences between prey and predators in a community of medium- and large-sized mammals in southern Mexico. We predict prey will avoid sites where a predator previously passed. Contrarily, we expect a search behaviour by predators and a synchronization in activity patterns among them. We found prey does not occur either in time or space where predators have passed, suggesting an avoidance behaviour. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find significant search behaviours from predators to prey. Synchronization in the daily temporal overlap between predators was higher (Δ = 0.77–0.82) than with their prey (Δ = 0.43 – 0.81). The results suggest prey perceives the risk of predation and displays avoidance behaviour both spatially and temporally, which is consistent with the fear theory. This study provides a complementary approach to understanding the behaviour mechanism between predators and prey through camera-trapping or similar data of spatiotemporal co-occurrences.
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Lawrence PJ, Sullivan MJP, Mossman HL. Restored saltmarshes have low beta diversity due to limited topographic variation, but this can be countered by management. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Lawrence
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Anglesey UK
| | - Martin J. P. Sullivan
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Hannah L. Mossman
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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Xiong X, Liao H, Xing Y, Han X, Wang W, Wan W, Huang Q, Chen W. Soil Aggregates and Fertilizer Treatments Drive Bacterial Interactions via Interspecies Niche Overlap. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0252421. [PMID: 35234512 PMCID: PMC8941866 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02524-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial interactions play significant roles in ecological functions in responding to anthropogenic interference and soil structure changes. However, it remains largely unknown how fertilizer regimes and soil particle sizes drive bacterial interactions. To evaluate bacterial interaction patterns in soil aggregates under long-term fertilizer treatments, we sampled nine bacterial co-occurrence communities and compared the difference between interspecies resource consumption patterns and network structure. Despite the differences between fertilizer treatments, the negative correlation ratios of interaction networks in soil aggregates were macroaggregates > microaggregates > silt + clays. Likewise, NPK-supplement (chemical fertilizer) had also decreased the number of positive correlations of the interaction network than M-supplement (organic fertilizer), regardless of the size of soil aggregates. Linear model analysis revealed that interspecies trophic patterns, including niche overlap and nestedness, drove bacterial competition in the interaction networks. Most importantly, interspecies niche overlap may be the intrinsic factor in the effects of fertilizer treatments and soil aggregates on bacterial interactions. This study enhances our understanding of the potential for changes in species trophic patterns and might guide the promotion of land management. IMPORTANCE Despite that the influence of soil structure and fertilizer treatments on the bacterial community has been widely studied, how they drive interspecies interactions has not been largely explored. Connectance and nestedness were significantly correlated with bacterial interactions, but no differences were found in different soil aggregates and fertilizer treatments. However, interspecies niche overlap could respond to soil aggregates and fertilizer treatments and ultimately drive the bacterial interactions. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanism of microbial interactions and highlights the importance of trophic patterns in the bacterial community. Our findings extend knowledge for nutrient availability on interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xukun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanle Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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40
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Martínez‐Miranzo B, Banda E, Gardiazábal A, Ferreiro E, Seoane J, Aguirre JI. Long‐term monitoring program reveals a mismatch between spatial distribution and reproductive success in an endangered raptor species in the Mediterranean area. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martínez‐Miranzo
- Department of Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA) Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) Santa Rosa Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET) Santa Rosa Argentina
| | - Eva Banda
- Department of Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
- ENARA Educación Ambiental, XI Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Seoane
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - José I. Aguirre
- Department of Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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41
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Lancaster A, Corti P, Fernández T, Moraga CA, Radic‐Schilling S, Hardenberg A. Changes in foraging behaviour suggest competition between wild and domestic ungulates: Guanaco and domestic sheep in southern Patagonia. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lancaster
- Conservation Biology Research Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Chester Chester UK
| | - P. Corti
- Laboratorio de Manejo y Conservación de Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciencia Animal y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - T. Fernández
- Laboratorio de Manejo y Conservación de Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciencia Animal y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Programa de Magister en Ecología Aplicada Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - C. A. Moraga
- Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego‐Patagonia y Antártica (Fundación CEQUA) Punta Arenas Chile
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - S. Radic‐Schilling
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Magallanes Punta Arenas Chile
| | - A. Hardenberg
- Conservation Biology Research Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Chester Chester UK
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42
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Ladent E, Leriche A, Thomas B, Millon A. Weak evidence of spatial segregation between the vulnerable southern water vole ( Arvicola sapidus) and the two main invasive mammals of European freshwater ecosystems. ECOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1935583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ladent
- Groupe Mammalogique Normand, Épaignes, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Agathe Leriche
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Alexandre Millon
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France
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43
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Hsu V, Pfab F, Moeller HV. Niche expansion via acquired metabolism facilitates competitive dominance in planktonic communities. Ecology 2022; 103:e3693. [PMID: 35349727 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acquired phototrophs, organisms that obtain their photosynthetic abilities by hosting endosymbionts or stealing plastids from their prey, are omnipresent in aquatic ecosystems. This acquisition of photosynthetic metabolism allows for niche expansion, and can therefore influence competition outcomes by alleviating competition for shared resources. Here, we test how acquired metabolism alters competitive outcomes by manipulating light availability to control the energetic contribution of photosynthesis to acquired phototrophs. Using freshwater protists that compete for bacterial prey, we demonstrate light-dependent competition outcomes of acquired phototrophs (Paramecium bursaria) and strict heterotrophs (Colpidium sp.) in laboratory model experiments. We then synthesize these findings using a series of mathematical models, and show that explicitly accounting for resource competition improves model fits. Both empirical and mathematical models predict that the acquired phototroph should increase in competitive dominance with increasing light availability. Our results highlight the importance of acquired metabolism to community dynamics, highlighting the need for more empirical and theoretical studies of this mechanism for niche expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hsu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Ferdinand Pfab
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Holly V Moeller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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44
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Effects of Population Declines on Habitat Segregation and Activity Patterns of Rabbits and Hares in Doñana National Park, Spain. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Competition, predation, and diseases are key factors shaping animal communities. In recent decades, lagomorphs in Europe have been impacted by virus-borne diseases that have caused substantial declines in their populations and, subsequently, in many of their predators. We examined activity and habitat-use patterns of sympatric European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) and Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis R.) in Doñana National Park, Spain, (DNP) during two periods of disease outbreak. In the first period (1984–1985), fecal pellet counts and roadside counts indicated that lagomorph species were segregated, with rabbits occurring in scrublands and hares in marshlands. Both species also occupied rush and fern belt ecotones. Roadside counts at sunrise, midday, sunset, and midnight revealed that rabbits and hares had the same activity patterns (crepuscular and nocturnal) in the zone of sympatry. During the second period (2005–2016), roadside counts showed that rabbits and hares were mainly nocturnal in scrublands and border marshlands. Hares occupied scrublands; a habitat previously occupied only by rabbits. These results are interpreted in light of the competition theory and predation pressure. The disease-caused decline of rabbits has likely favored hares that moved into scrublands, a vegetation type previously occupied exclusively by rabbits. The decline of rabbits in DNP has also caused the almost disappearance of this area of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), a rabbit specialist, thus enabling generalist predators to increase. Generalist predators have subsequently increased predation pressure on both rabbits and hares, causing them to switch to nocturnal activity.
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45
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Ebrahimi A, Goyal A, Cordero OX. Particle foraging strategies promote microbial diversity in marine environments. eLife 2022; 11:e73948. [PMID: 35289269 PMCID: PMC8956285 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial foraging in patchy environments, where resources are fragmented into particles or pockets embedded in a large matrix, plays a key role in natural environments. In the oceans and freshwater systems, particle-associated bacteria can interact with particle surfaces in different ways: some colonize only during short transients, while others form long-lived, stable colonies. We do not yet understand the ecological mechanisms by which both short- and long-term colonizers can coexist. Here, we address this problem with a mathematical model that explains how marine populations with different detachment rates from particles can stably coexist. In our model, populations grow only while on particles, but also face the increased risk of mortality by predation and sinking. Key to coexistence is the idea that detachment from particles modulates both net growth and mortality, but in opposite directions, creating a trade-off between them. While slow-detaching populations show the highest growth return (i.e., produce more net offspring), they are more susceptible to suffer higher rates of mortality than fast-detaching populations. Surprisingly, fluctuating environments, manifesting as blooms of particles (favoring growth) and predators (favoring mortality) significantly expand the likelihood that populations with different detachment rates can coexist. Our study shows how the spatial ecology of microbes in the ocean can lead to a predictable diversification of foraging strategies and the coexistence of multiple taxa on a single growth-limiting resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahimi
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Akshit Goyal
- Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Otto X Cordero
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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46
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Keegstra JM, Carrara F, Stocker R. The ecological roles of bacterial chemotaxis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:491-504. [PMID: 35292761 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
How bacterial chemotaxis is performed is much better understood than why. Traditionally, chemotaxis has been understood as a foraging strategy by which bacteria enhance their uptake of nutrients and energy, yet it has remained puzzling why certain less nutritious compounds are strong chemoattractants and vice versa. Recently, we have gained increased understanding of alternative ecological roles of chemotaxis, such as navigational guidance in colony expansion, localization of hosts or symbiotic partners and contribution to microbial diversity by the generation of spatial segregation in bacterial communities. Although bacterial chemotaxis has been observed in a wide range of environmental settings, insights into the phenomenon are mostly based on laboratory studies of model organisms. In this Review, we highlight how observing individual and collective migratory behaviour of bacteria in different settings informs the quantification of trade-offs, including between chemotaxis and growth. We argue that systematically mapping when and where bacteria are motile, in particular by transgenerational bacterial tracking in dynamic environments and in situ approaches from guts to oceans, will open the door to understanding the rich interplay between metabolism and growth and the contribution of chemotaxis to microbial life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Carrara
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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47
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Nathan R, Monk CT, Arlinghaus R, Adam T, Alós J, Assaf M, Baktoft H, Beardsworth CE, Bertram MG, Bijleveld AI, Brodin T, Brooks JL, Campos-Candela A, Cooke SJ, Gjelland KØ, Gupte PR, Harel R, Hellström G, Jeltsch F, Killen SS, Klefoth T, Langrock R, Lennox RJ, Lourie E, Madden JR, Orchan Y, Pauwels IS, Říha M, Roeleke M, Schlägel UE, Shohami D, Signer J, Toledo S, Vilk O, Westrelin S, Whiteside MA, Jarić I. Big-data approaches lead to an increased understanding of the ecology of animal movement. Science 2022; 375:eabg1780. [PMID: 35175823 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding animal movement is essential to elucidate how animals interact, survive, and thrive in a changing world. Recent technological advances in data collection and management have transformed our understanding of animal "movement ecology" (the integrated study of organismal movement), creating a big-data discipline that benefits from rapid, cost-effective generation of large amounts of data on movements of animals in the wild. These high-throughput wildlife tracking systems now allow more thorough investigation of variation among individuals and species across space and time, the nature of biological interactions, and behavioral responses to the environment. Movement ecology is rapidly expanding scientific frontiers through large interdisciplinary and collaborative frameworks, providing improved opportunities for conservation and insights into the movements of wild animals, and their causes and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Lab, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Minerva Center for Movement Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Christopher T Monk
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway.,Centre for Coastal Research (CCR), Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Faculty of Life Sciences and Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Adam
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Josep Alós
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Michael Assaf
- Racah Institute of Physics, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Henrik Baktoft
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Christine E Beardsworth
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, Den Burg, The Netherlands.,Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Allert I Bijleveld
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jill L Brooks
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Campos-Candela
- Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.,Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Pratik R Gupte
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, Den Burg, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roi Harel
- Movement Ecology Lab, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Minerva Center for Movement Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gustav Hellström
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Shaun S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
| | - Thomas Klefoth
- Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Nature and Engineering, Hochschule Bremen, City University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany
| | - Roland Langrock
- Department of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Robert J Lennox
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmanuel Lourie
- Movement Ecology Lab, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Minerva Center for Movement Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joah R Madden
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yotam Orchan
- Movement Ecology Lab, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Minerva Center for Movement Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ine S Pauwels
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Milan Říha
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Roeleke
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrike E Schlägel
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David Shohami
- Movement Ecology Lab, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Minerva Center for Movement Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Johannes Signer
- Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sivan Toledo
- Minerva Center for Movement Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Vilk
- Movement Ecology Lab, A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Minerva Center for Movement Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Racah Institute of Physics, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samuel Westrelin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, Pôle R&D ECLA, RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Mark A Whiteside
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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48
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Pauli JN, Manlick PJ, Tucker JM, Smith GB, Jensen PG, Fisher JT. Competitive overlap between martens
Martes americana
and
Martes caurina
and fishers
Pekania pennanti
: a rangewide perspective and synthesis. Mamm Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Pauli
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1630 Linden Dr Madison WI53706USA
| | - Philip J. Manlick
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico 219 Yale Blvd NE Albuquerque NM87131USA
| | - Jody M. Tucker
- Pacific Southwest Region U.S.D.A. Forest Service 1323 Club Drive Vallejo CA94592USA
| | - G. Bradley Smith
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1630 Linden Dr Madison WI53706USA
- Pacific Southwest Region U.S.D.A. Forest Service 1323 Club Drive Vallejo CA94592USA
| | - Paul G. Jensen
- Division of Fish and Wildlife New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 1115 NYS Route 86 Ray Brook NY USA
| | - Jason T. Fisher
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria PO Box 1700, STN CSC Victoria British ColumbiaV8W 2Y2Canada
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49
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Wisnoski NI, Shoemaker LG. Seed banks alter metacommunity diversity: The interactive effects of competition, dispersal and dormancy. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:740-753. [PMID: 34965013 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal and dormancy are two common strategies allowing for species persistence and the maintenance of biodiversity in variable environments. However, theory and empirical tests of spatial diversity patterns tend to examine either mechanism in isolation. Here, we developed a stochastic, spatially explicit metacommunity model incorporating seed banks with varying germination and survival rates. We found that dormancy and dispersal had interactive, nonlinear effects on the maintenance and distribution of metacommunity diversity. Seed banks promoted local diversity when seed survival was high and maintained regional diversity through interactions with dispersal. The benefits of seed banks for regional diversity were largest when dispersal was high or intermediate, depending on whether local competition was equal or stabilising. Our study shows that classic predictions for how dispersal affects metacommunity diversity can be strongly influenced by dormancy. Together, these results emphasise the need to consider both temporal and spatial processes when predicting multi-scale patterns of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan I Wisnoski
- Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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50
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Kasozi H, Moll RJ, Kityo RM, Montgomery RA. Phylogeny is a stronger predictor of activity than allometry in an African mammal community. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In promoting coexistence, sympatric species often partition shared resources along spatio-temporal domains. Similarly sized and phylogenetically close species, for instance, partition the times of day in which they are active to limit interference competition. Given that variation in species body mass has evolutionary underpinnings, species activity levels (time spent active in a 24-h daily cycle) within animal communities might be structured by phylogeny. However, few studies have tested this hypothesis across animal communities, and none among medium-sized to large mammals. We quantified the relative contributions of phylogeny and body mass in predicting activity levels in a community of 22 sympatric mammal species in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda. We show that phylogeny is a stronger predictor of species activity levels than body mass. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the phylogenetic structuring of mammal activity in diverse communities. More broadly, our results suggest that evolutionary relationships mask allometry in predicting species traits in diverse animal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Kasozi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 14 Natural Resources, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Remington J Moll
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, 56 College Road, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Robert M Kityo
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert A Montgomery
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Oxfordshire, UK
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