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Beltran-Casanueva R, Hernández-García A, Serrano-Castro PJ, Sánchez-Pérez JA, Barbancho-Fernández MA, García-Casares N, Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO, Narváez M. Long-term enhancements in antidepressant efficacy and neurogenesis: Effects of intranasal co-administration of neuropeptide Y 1 receptor (NPY1R) and galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) agonists in the ventral hippocampus. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23595. [PMID: 38572811 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400087r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the sustained antidepressant-like effects and neurogenic potential of a 3-day intranasal co-administration regimen of galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) agonist M1145 and neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (NPY1R) agonist [Leu31, Pro34]NPY in the ventral hippocampus of adult rats, with outcomes analyzed 3 weeks post-treatment. Utilizing the forced swimming test (FST), we found that this co-administration significantly enhances antidepressant-like behaviors, an effect neutralized by the GALR2 antagonist M871, highlighting the synergistic potential of these neuropeptides in modulating mood-related behaviors. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) indicated a significant increase in GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes in the ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus, suggesting a molecular basis for the behavioral outcomes observed. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabeling revealed increased cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, specifically in neuroblasts as evidenced by co-labeling with doublecortin (DCX), without affecting quiescent neural progenitors or astrocytes. The study also noted a significant uptick in the number of DCX-positive cells and alterations in dendritic morphology in the ventral hippocampus, indicative of enhanced neuronal differentiation and maturation. These morphological changes highlight the potential of these agonists to facilitate the functional integration of new neurons into existing neural circuits. By demonstrating the long-lasting effects of a brief, 3-day intranasal administration of GALR2 and NPY1R agonists, our findings contribute significantly to the understanding of neuropeptide-mediated neuroplasticity and herald novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of depression and related mood disorders, emphasizing the therapeutic promise of targeting neurogenesis and neuronal maturation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasiel Beltran-Casanueva
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Edificio Lopez-Peñalver, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Aracelis Hernández-García
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Edificio Lopez-Peñalver, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín, Hospital Pedíatrico Universitario Octavio de la Concepción de la Pedraja, Holguín, Cuba
| | - Pedro Jesús Serrano-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, NeuronLab, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Unit of Neurology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Vithas Málaga, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Andrés Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, NeuronLab, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Natalia García-Casares
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, NeuronLab, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Edificio Lopez-Peñalver, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, NeuronLab, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Unit of Neurology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Vithas Málaga, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, Málaga, Spain
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2
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Beltran-Casanueva R, Hernández-García A, de Amo García P, Blanco-Reina E, Serrano-Castro P, García-Casares N, Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO, Narváez M. Neuropeptide Y receptor 1 and galanin receptor 2 (NPY1R-GALR2) interactions in the dentate gyrus and their relevance for neurogenesis and cognition. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1323986. [PMID: 38425430 PMCID: PMC10902914 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1323986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study may unveil novel insights into the interactions between neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPY1R) and galanin receptor 2 (GALR2), in the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus, shedding light on their role in neurogenesis and cognitive functions. Existing literature highlights the potential of these interactions in enhancing learning and memory, yet detailed mechanisms remain underexplored. Methods Utilizing intracerebroventricular injections of GALR2 and NPY1R agonists in Sprague-Dawley male rats, we examined neurogenesis via markers PCNA and DCX, and memory consolidation through the object-in-place task over a three-week period. Results Significant increases in NPY1R-GALR2 co-localization and neuroblast proliferation were observed, alongside enhanced memory consolidation. These findings suggest a synergistic effect of NPY1R and GALR2 activation on cognitive functions. Discussion Our findings may foster the development of novel heterobivalent or multitargeting drugs, affecting NPY1R-GALR2 interaction, and suggest a future pharmacogical strategy for improving learning and memory found in many brain diseases. Further research is encouraged to explore these mechanisms in pathological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasiel Beltran-Casanueva
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio Lopez-Peñalver, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Aracelis Hernández-García
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio Lopez-Peñalver, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín, Hospital Pedíatrico Universitario Octavio de la Concepción de la Pedraja, Holguín, Cuba
| | - Paula de Amo García
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Encarnación Blanco-Reina
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Serrano-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, Vithas Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Unit of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Casares
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio Lopez-Peñalver, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, Vithas Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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3
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Nelson TS, Allen HN, Basu P, Prasoon P, Nguyen E, Arokiaraj CM, Santos DF, Seal RP, Ross SE, Todd AJ, Taylor BK. Alleviation of neuropathic pain with neuropeptide Y requires spinal Npy1r interneurons that coexpress Grp. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169554. [PMID: 37824208 PMCID: PMC10721324 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y targets the Y1 receptor (Y1) in the spinal dorsal horn (DH) to produce endogenous and exogenous analgesia. DH interneurons that express Y1 (Y1-INs; encoded by Npy1r) are necessary and sufficient for neuropathic hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury. However, as Y1-INs are heterogenous in composition in terms of morphology, neurophysiological characteristics, and gene expression, we hypothesized that a more precisely defined subpopulation mediates neuropathic hypersensitivity. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found that Y1-INs segregate into 3 largely nonoverlapping subpopulations defined by the coexpression of Npy1r with gastrin-releasing peptide (Grp/Npy1r), neuropeptide FF (Npff/Npy1r), and cholecystokinin (Cck/Npy1r) in the superficial DH of mice, nonhuman primates, and humans. Next, we analyzed the functional significance of Grp/Npy1r, Npff/Npy1r, and Cck/Npy1r INs to neuropathic pain using a mouse model of peripheral nerve injury. We found that chemogenetic inhibition of Npff/Npy1r-INs did not change the behavioral signs of neuropathic pain. Further, inhibition of Y1-INs with an intrathecal Y1 agonist, [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY, reduced neuropathic hypersensitivity in mice with conditional deletion of Npy1r from CCK-INs and NPFF-INs but not from GRP-INs. We conclude that Grp/Npy1r-INs are conserved in higher order mammalian species and represent a promising and precise pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S. Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
- Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse
- Center for Neuroscience
| | - Heather N. Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
- Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and
| | - Paramita Basu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
- Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
- Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and
| | - Eileen Nguyen
- Center for Neuroscience
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Arokiaraj
- Center for Neuroscience
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diogo F.S. Santos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
- Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and
| | - Rebecca P. Seal
- Center for Neuroscience
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah E. Ross
- Center for Neuroscience
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew J. Todd
- Spinal Cord Group, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley K. Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
- Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse
- Center for Neuroscience
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Nelson TS, Santos DFS, Prasoon P, Gralinski M, Allen HN, Taylor BK. Endogenous μ-opioid-Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor synergy silences chronic postoperative pain in mice. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad261. [PMID: 37649580 PMCID: PMC10465188 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue injury creates a delicate balance between latent pain sensitization (LS) and compensatory endogenous analgesia. Inhibitory G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) interactions that oppose LS, including μ-opioid receptor (MOR) or neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (Y1R) activity, persist in the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) for months, even after the resolution of normal pain thresholds. Here, we demonstrate that following recovery from surgical incision, a potent endogenous analgesic synergy between MOR and Y1R activity persists within DH interneurons to reduce the intensity and duration of latent postoperative hypersensitivity and ongoing pain. Failure of such endogenous GPCR signaling to maintain LS in remission may underlie the transition from acute to chronic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Diogo F S Santos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Margaret Gralinski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Heather N Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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5
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Lu T, Cong L, Jiang T, Dong X, Song L. Neuropeptide Y Promotes the Treatment of Adipose Stem Cells on Type 2 Diabetic Wounds. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:683-694. [PMID: 37084169 PMCID: PMC10352478 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common metabolic disorder. Due to insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance, increased blood glucose often leads to impaired wound healing in T2D patients. Our previous research showed that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from normal mice and T2D mice improved the cutaneous wound healing of diabetic mice. We also found that the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in T2D ASCs was significantly decreased. METHODS In order to explore the effects of NPY on ASCs and diabetic wound healing, we investigated the effects of NPY on ASCs proliferation and growth factors expression and secretion, the effects of NPY on skin fibroblasts, and the effects of NPY combined with ASCs on T2D wound healing. RESULTS The results showed that a certain concentration of NPY could promote the proliferation and the growth factors expression and secretion of ASCs, and promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. At the same time, NPY and ASCs have a synergistic effect, which can promote wound healing and decrease inflammation in T2D wounds. NPY may regulate ASCs through the ERK pathway. These results are conducive to promoting ASCs and NPY in the treatment of diabetic wounds. CONCLUSIONS NPY can promote the effect of ASCs in the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghuan Lu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cong
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Jiang
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Dong
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Song
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Tüfekci KK, Bakirhan EG, Terzi F. A Maternal High-Fat Diet Causes Anxiety-Related Behaviors by Altering Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor and Hippocampal Volumes in Rat Offspring: the Potential Effect of N-Acetylcysteine. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1499-1514. [PMID: 36502431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The children of obese mothers are known to have a high risk of obesity and metabolic disease and are prone to developing cognitive deficits, although the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study investigated the relationship between neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) and anxiety-like behaviors in the hippocampi of male rat offspring exposed to maternal obesity and the potential neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). A maternal obesity model was created using a high-fat (60% k/cal) diet. NAC (150 mg/kg) was administered by intragastric gavage for 25 days in both the NAC and obesity + NAC (ObNAC) groups. All male rat offspring were subjected to behavioral testing on postnatal day 28, the end of the experiment. Stereological analysis was performed on hippocampal sections, while NPY1R expression was determined using immunohistochemical methods. Stereological data indicated significant decreases in the total volume of the hippocampus and CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions in the obese (Ob) group (p < 0.01). Decreased NPY1R expression was observed in the Ob group hippocampus (p < 0.01). At behavioral assessments, the Ob group rats exhibited increased anxiety and less social interaction, although the ObNAC group rats exhibited stronger responses than the Ob group (p < 0.01). The study results show that NAC attenuated anxiety-like behaviors and NPY1R expression and also protected hippocampal volume against maternal obesity. The findings indicate that a decrease in NPY1R-positive neurons in the hippocampus of male rats due to maternal conditions may be associated with increased levels of anxiety and a lower hippocampal volume. Additionally, although there is no direct evidence, maintenance of NPY1R expression by NAC may be critical for regulating maternal obesity-induced anxiety-related behaviors and hippocampal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Kübra Tüfekci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Elfide Gizem Bakirhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Funda Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Alvarez‐Contino JE, Díaz‐Sánchez E, Mirchandani‐Duque M, Sánchez‐Pérez JA, Barbancho MA, López‐Salas A, García‐Casares N, Fuxe K, Borroto‐Escuela DO, Narváez M. GALR2 and Y1R agonists intranasal infusion enhanced adult ventral hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressant-like effects involving BDNF actions. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:459-474. [PMID: 36599082 PMCID: PMC10952952 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to major depressive disorder (MDD), with more than 300 million people diagnosed and worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Accumulating evidence for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) interaction was shown in various limbic system regions at molecular-, cellular-, and behavioral-specific levels. The purpose of the current work was to evaluate the proliferating role of GAL2 receptor (GALR2) and Y1R agonists interaction upon intranasal infusion in the ventral hippocampus. We studied their hippocampal proliferating actions using the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on neuroblasts or stem cells and the expression of the brain-derived neurothrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, we studied the formation of Y1R-GALR2 heteroreceptor complexes and analyzed morphological changes in hippocampal neuronal cells. Finally, the functional outcome of the NPY and GAL interaction on the ventral hippocampus was evaluated in the forced swimming test. We demonstrated that the intranasal infusion of GALR2 and the Y1R agonists promotes neuroblasts proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the ventral hippocampus and the induction of the neurotrophic factor BDNF. These effects were mediated by the increased formation of Y1R-GALR2 heteroreceptor complexes, which may mediate the neurites outgrowth observed on neuronal hippocampal cells. Importantly, BDNF action was found necessary for the antidepressant-like effects after GALR2 and the Y1R agonists intranasal administration. Our data may suggest the translational development of new heterobivalent agonist pharmacophores acting on Y1R-GALR2 heterocomplexes in the ventral hippocampus for the novel therapy of MDD or depressive-affecting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Erik Alvarez‐Contino
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Estela Díaz‐Sánchez
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
- Grupo Hospitalario VithasVithas MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Marina Mirchandani‐Duque
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Jose Andrés Sánchez‐Pérez
- Unit of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de MálagaHospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálagaSpain
| | - Miguel A. Barbancho
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Alexander López‐Salas
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Natalia García‐Casares
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Dasiel O. Borroto‐Escuela
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of PhysiologyUniversity of UrbinoUrbinoItaly
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
- Grupo Hospitalario VithasVithas MálagaMálagaSpain
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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8
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Nelson TS, Sinha GP, Santos DFS, Jukkola P, Prasoon P, Winter MK, McCarson KE, Smith BN, Taylor BK. Spinal neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor-expressing neurons are a pharmacotherapeutic target for the alleviation of neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204515119. [PMID: 36343228 PMCID: PMC9674229 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204515119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury sensitizes a complex network of spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) neurons to produce allodynia and neuropathic pain. The identification of a druggable target within this network has remained elusive, but a promising candidate is the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor-expressing interneuron (Y1-IN) population. We report that spared nerve injury (SNI) enhanced the excitability of Y1-INs and elicited allodynia (mechanical and cold hypersensitivity) and affective pain. Similarly, chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of Y1-INs in uninjured mice elicited behavioral signs of spontaneous, allodynic, and affective pain. SNI-induced allodynia was reduced by chemogenetic inhibition of Y1-INs, or intrathecal administration of a Y1-selective agonist. Conditional deletion of Npy1r in DH neurons, but not peripheral afferent neurons prevented the anti-hyperalgesic effects of the intrathecal Y1 agonist. We conclude that spinal Y1-INs are necessary and sufficient for the behavioral symptoms of neuropathic pain and represent a promising target for future pharmacotherapeutic development of Y1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S. Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Ghanshyam P. Sinha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Diogo F. S. Santos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Peter Jukkola
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Michelle K. Winter
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Ken E. McCarson
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Bret N. Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Bradley K. Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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9
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Cho NR, Yu Y, Oh CK, Ko DS, Myung K, Lee Y, Na HS, Kim YH. Neuropeptide Y: a potential theranostic biomarker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type-2 diabetes. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:20406223211041936. [PMID: 34729143 PMCID: PMC8438932 DOI: 10.1177/20406223211041936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the most common microvascular complication of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), results in nontraumatic lower-limb amputations. When DPN is not detected early, disease progression is irreversible. Thus, biomarkers for diagnosing DPN are needed. Methods: We analyzed three data sets of T2DM DPN: two for mouse models (GSE70852 and GSE34889) and one for a human model (GSE24290). We found common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two mouse data sets and validated them in the human data set. To identify the phenotypic function of the DEGs, we overexpressed them in zebrafish embryos. Clinical information and serum samples of T2DM patients with and without DPN were obtained from the Korea Biobank Network. To assess the plausibility of DEGs as biomarkers of DPN, we performed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Among the DEGs, only NPY and SLPI were validated in the human data set. As npy is conserved in zebrafish, its mRNA was injected into zebrafish embryos, and it was observed that the branches of the central nervous system became thicker and the number of dendritic branches increased. Baseline characteristics between T2DM patients with and without DPN did not differ, except for the sex ratio. The mean serum NPY level was higher in T2DM patients with DPN than in those without DPN (p = 0.0328), whereas serum SLPI levels did not differ (p = 0.9651). Conclusion: In the pathogenesis of DPN, NPY may play a protective role in the peripheral nervous system and may be useful as a biomarker for detecting T2DM DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noo Ree Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeuni Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Oh
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Sik Ko
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Departments of Anatomy and Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea. Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Malone IG, Hunter BK, Rossow HL, Herzog H, Zolotukhin S, Munger SD, Dotson CD. Y1 receptors modulate taste-related behavioral responsiveness in male mice to prototypical gustatory stimuli. Horm Behav 2021; 136:105056. [PMID: 34509673 PMCID: PMC8640844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian taste bud cells express receptors for numerous peptides implicated elsewhere in the body in the regulation of metabolism, nutrient assimilation, and satiety. The perturbation of several peptide signaling pathways in the gustatory periphery results in changes in behavioral and/or physiological responsiveness to subsets of taste stimuli. We previously showed that Peptide YY (PYY) - which is present in both saliva and in subsets of taste cells - can affect behavioral taste responsiveness and reduce food intake and body weight. Here, we investigated the contributions of taste bud-localized receptors for PYY and the related Neuropeptide Y (NPY) on behavioral taste responsiveness. Y1R, but not Y2R, null mice show reduced responsiveness to sweet, bitter, and salty taste stimuli in brief-access taste tests; similar results were seen when wildtype mice were exposed to Y receptor antagonists in the taste stimuli. Finally, mice in which the gene encoding the NPY propeptide was deleted also showed reduced taste responsiveness to sweet and bitter taste stimuli. Collectively, these results suggest that Y1R signaling, likely through its interactions with NPY, can modulate peripheral taste responsiveness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Malone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brianna K Hunter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Heidi L Rossow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cedrick D Dotson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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11
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Pita-Rodriguez M, Fores-Pons R, Barbancho MA, Fuxe K, Narváez M. Galanin and neuropeptide Y interactions elicit antidepressant activity linked to neuronal precursor cells of the dentate gyrus in the ventral hippocampus. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3565-3578. [PMID: 33044017 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A need for new antidepressants is necessary since traditional antidepressants have several flaws. Neuropeptide Y(NPY) Y1 receptor (NPYY1R) and galanin (GAL) receptor 2 (GALR2) interact in several regions of the limbic system, including the hippocampus. The current study assesses the antidepressant effects induced by GALR2 and NPYY1R coactivation, together with the evaluation of cell proliferation through 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine expression within the dentate gyrus of the ventral hippocampus (vDG). We employed in situ proximity ligation assay to manifest GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes. Additionally, the expression pattern of GALR2 and the activation of the extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway after GALR2 and NPYY1R costimulation in cell cultures were examined. GALR2 and NPYY1R coactivation resulted in sustained antidepressant behaviors in the FST after 24 h, linked to increased cell proliferation in the vDG. Moreover, an increased density of GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes was observed in vDG, on doublecortin-expressing neuroblasts. Recruitment of the GALR2 expression to the plasma membrane was observed upon the coactivation of GALR2 and NPYY1R in cell cultures, presumably associated to the enhanced effects on the activation of ERK pathway. GALR2 may promote the GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes formation in the ventral hippocampus. It may induce a transformation of cell proliferation toward a neuronal lineage by enhancement of ERK pathway. Thus, it may give the mechanism for the antidepressant behavior observed. These results may provide the basis for the development of heterobivalent agonist pharmacophores, targeting GALR2/NPYY1R heteromers, especially in the neuronal precursor cells of the dentate gyrus in the ventral hippocampus for the novel treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
- Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Mariana Pita-Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Neurogenética, Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ramón Fores-Pons
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Barbancho
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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12
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Shabani Z, Jafarzadeh Gharehziaaddin M. Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Alcohol Use Disorder on the Fate Determination of Newly Born Neurons in the Hippocampus. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:598-602. [PMID: 32814954 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, new functional neurons are generated throughout life because of sustained proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricle, and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus are the two major neurogenic regions in the adult brain. This process is not fixed but is highly modulated by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Neurogenesis has become in the focus of interest for its involvement in repairing the damaged brain and this motivates researchers to detect controlling mechanisms of this process. Recent evidence suggests that alcohol usage can directly influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but its mechanisms remain a matter for debate. Thus, this review summarizes in vivo/in vitro studies on the role of alcohol in hippocampal neurogenesis during adulthood and clarifies its underlying mechanisms by highlighting neurotransmitters and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shabani
- Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Azadi Avenue, Tabriz 51656-87386, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Azadi Avenue, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
| | - Mohsen Jafarzadeh Gharehziaaddin
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, No 2, Bakeri Blvd, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
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13
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Huang TW, Li ST, Chen DY, Young TH. Neuropeptide Y increases differentiation of human olfactory receptor neurons through the Y1 receptor. Neuropeptides 2019; 78:101964. [PMID: 31526523 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction significantly impedes the life quality of patients. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is not only a neurotrophic factor in the rodent olfactory system but also an orexigenic peptide that regulates feeding behavior. NPY increases the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) responsivity during starvation; however, whether NPY can promote differentiation of human ORNs remains unexplored. This study investigates the effect of NPY on the differentiation of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells in vitro. Human olfactory neuroepithelium explants were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene dishes for 21 days. Then, cells were cultured with or without NPY at the concentration of 0.5 ng/mℓ for 7 days. The effects of treatment were assessed by phase contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. The further mechanism was evaluated with NPY Y1 receptor-selected antagonist BIBP3226. NPY-treated olfactory neuroepithelial cells exhibited thin bipolar shape, low circularity, low spread area, and long processes. The expression levels of Ascl1, βIII tubulin, GAP43 and OMP were significantly higher in NPY-treated cells than in controls (p < 0.05). NPY-treated olfactory neuroepithelial cells expressed more components of signal transduction apparatuses, Golf and ADCY3, than those without NPY treatment. Western blot analysis also further confirmed these findings (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of Ascl1, βIII2 tubulin, GAP43, OMP, ADCY3, and Golf in BIBP3226 + NPY and controls were comparable (p > 0.05). NPY not only increases expressions of protein markers of human olfactory neuronal progenitor cells, but also promotes differentiation of ORN and enhances formation of components of olfactory-specific signal transduction pathway through Y1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Tien Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duan-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Gabrych DR, Lau VZ, Niwa S, Silverman MA. Going Too Far Is the Same as Falling Short †: Kinesin-3 Family Members in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:419. [PMID: 31616253 PMCID: PMC6775250 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper intracellular trafficking is essential for neuronal development and function, and when any aspect of this process is dysregulated, the resulting "transportopathy" causes neurological disorders. Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a family of such diseases attributed to over 80 spastic gait genes (SPG), specifically characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness. Multiple genes in the trafficking pathway such as those relating to microtubule structure and function and organelle biogenesis are representative disease loci. Microtubule motor proteins, or kinesins, are also causal in HSP, specifically mutations in Kinesin-I/KIF5A (SPG10) and two kinesin-3 family members; KIF1A (SPG30) and KIF1C (SPG58). KIF1A is a motor enriched in neurons, and involved in the anterograde transport of a variety of vesicles that contribute to pre- and post-synaptic assembly, autophagic processes, and neuron survival. KIF1C is ubiquitously expressed and, in addition to anterograde cargo transport, also functions in retrograde transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum. Only a handful of KIF1C cargos have been identified; however, many have crucial roles such as neuronal differentiation, outgrowth, plasticity and survival. HSP-related kinesin-3 mutants are characterized mainly as loss-of-function resulting in deficits in motility, regulation, and cargo binding. Gain-of-function mutants are also seen, and are characterized by increased microtubule-on rates and hypermotility. Both sets of mutations ultimately result in misdelivery of critical cargos within the neuron. This likely leads to deleterious cell biological cascades that likely underlie or contribute to HSP clinical pathology and ultimately, symptomology. Due to the paucity of histopathological or cell biological data assessing perturbations in cargo localization, it has been difficult to positively link these mutations to the outcomes seen in HSPs. Ultimately, the goal of this review is to encourage future academic and clinical efforts to focus on "transportopathies" through a cargo-centric lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik R Gabrych
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Victor Z Lau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michael A Silverman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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15
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Carron SF, Sun M, Shultz SR, Rajan R. Inhibitory neuronal changes following a mixed diffuse‐focal model of traumatic brain injury. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:175-198. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone F. Carron
- Neuroscience Discovery Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Medicine and Neuroscience Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ramesh Rajan
- Neuroscience Discovery Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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16
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Tangthavewattana S, Leelawatwattana L, Prapunpoj P. The hydrophobic C-terminal sequence of transthyretin affects its catalytic kinetics towards amidated neuropeptide Y. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:594-604. [PMID: 30984535 PMCID: PMC6443995 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a transporter for thyroid hormone and retinol binding protein that has recently been reported to have proteolytic activity against certain substrates, including amidated neuropeptide Y (NPY). However, the proteolytic activity of TTR towards NPY is not fully understood. Here, we used fluorescence-based assays to determine the catalytic kinetics of human TTR towards human amidated NPY. The Michaelis constant (KM) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of TTR proteolysis were 15.88 ± 0.44 μm and 687 081 ± 35 692 m -1·s-1, respectively. In addition, we demonstrated an effect of the C-terminal sequence of TTR. When the C-terminal sequence of TTR was made more hydrophobic, the KM and kcat/KM changed to 12.87 ± 0.22 μm and 983 755 ± 18 704 m -1·s-1, respectively. Our results may be useful for the development of TTR as a therapeutic agent with low risk of the undesirable symptoms that develop from amidated NPY, and for further improvement of the kcat/KM of TTR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ladda Leelawatwattana
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
| | - Porntip Prapunpoj
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
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17
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Andreotti JP, Silva WN, Costa AC, Picoli CC, Bitencourt FCO, Coimbra-Campos LMC, Resende RR, Magno LAV, Romano-Silva MA, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Neural stem cell niche heterogeneity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:42-53. [PMID: 30639325 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, new neurons can be generated from neural stem cells in specific regions of the adult brain. Neural stem cells are characterized by their abilities to differentiate into all neural lineages and to self-renew. The specific microenvironments regulating neural stem cells, commonly referred to as neurogenic niches, comprise multiple cell populations whose precise contributions are under active current exploration. Understanding the cross-talk between neural stem cells and their niche components is essential for the development of therapies against neurological disorders in which neural stem cells function is altered. In this review, we describe and discuss recent studies that identified novel components in the neural stem cell niche. These discoveries bring new concepts to the field. Here, we evaluate these recent advances that change our understanding of the neural stem cell niche heterogeneity and its influence on neural stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Andreotti
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Walison N Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alinne C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Picoli
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia C O Bitencourt
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz A V Magno
- Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco A Romano-Silva
- Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Shtaya A, Sadek AR, Zaben M, Seifert G, Pringle A, Steinhäuser C, Gray WP. AMPA receptors and seizures mediate hippocampal radial glia-like stem cell proliferation. Glia 2018; 66:2397-2413. [PMID: 30357924 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is sustained throughout life in the mammalian brain, supporting hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Its permanent alteration by status epilepticus (SE) is associated with learning and cognitive impairments. The mechanisms underlying the initiation of altered neurogenesis after SE are not understood. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive radial glia (RG)-like cells proliferate early after SE, but their proliferation dynamics and signaling are largely unclear. We have previously reported a polarized distribution of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) on RG-like cells in vivo and postulated that these may signal their proliferation. Here, we examined the acute effects of kainate on hippocampal precursor cells in vitro and in kainate-induced SE on proliferating and quiescent clones of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine prelabeled hippocampal precursors in vivo. In vitro, we found that 5 μM kainate shortened the cell cycle time of RG-like cells via AMPAR activation and accelerated cell cycle re-entry of their progeny. It also shifted their fate choice expanding the population of RG-like cells and reducing the population of downstream amplifying neural progenitors. Kainate enhanced the survival of all precursor cell subtypes. Pharmacologically, kainate's proliferative and survival effects were abolished by AMPAR blockade. Functional AMPAR expression was confirmed on RG-like cells in vitro. In agreement with these observations, kainate/seizures enhanced the proliferation and expansion predominantly of constitutively cycling RG-like cell clones in vivo. Our results identify AMPARs as key potential players in initiating the proliferation of dentate RG-like cells and unravel a possible receptor target for modifying the radial glia-like cell response to SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Shtaya
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malik Zaben
- University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,B.R.A.I.N. Biomedical Research Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Seifert
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ashley Pringle
- University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - William Peter Gray
- University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,B.R.A.I.N. Biomedical Research Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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19
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Lee NJ, Ali N, Zhang L, Qi Y, Clarke I, Enriquez RF, Brzozowska M, Lee IC, Rogers MJ, Laybutt DR, Center JR, Baldock PA, Herzog H. Osteoglycin, a novel coordinator of bone and glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2018; 13:30-44. [PMID: 29799418 PMCID: PMC6026319 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The skeleton, which is strongly controlled by endocrine factors, has recently been shown to also play an active endocrine role itself, specifically influencing energy metabolism. However, much less is known about this role. Therefore, we sought to identify novel endocrine factors involved in the regulation of both bone mass and whole-body glucose homeostasis. Methods We used transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Y1 receptor deficient osteoblasts combined with the generation of a novel osteoglycin deficient mouse model and performed comprehensive in vivo phenotype profiling, combined with osteoglycin administration in wildtype mice and human studies. Results Here we identify a novel role for osteoglycin, a secreted proteoglycan, in coordinating bone accretion with changes in energy balance. Using an osteoglycin knockout mouse model, we show that at a whole body level, osteoglycin acts to suppress bone formation and modulate whole body energy supplies by altering glucose uptake through changes in insulin secretion and sensitivity, as well as by altering food intake through central signaling. Examining humans following gastric surgery as a model of negative energy balance, we show that osteoglycin is associated with BMI and lean mass as well as changes in weight, BMI, and glucose levels. Conclusions Thus, we identify osteoglycin as a novel factor involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and identify a role for it in facilitating the matching of bone acquisition to alterations in energy status. Osteoglycin regulates insulin action, bone mass and food intake in mice. Osteoglycin is associated with changes in weight, BMI and glucose in obese humans. Osteoglycin is a downstream mediator of NPY signaling via osteoblastic Y1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Lee
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincents Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N Ali
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - L Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincents Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Y Qi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - I Clarke
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - R F Enriquez
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - M Brzozowska
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincents Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - I C Lee
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - M J Rogers
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincents Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D R Laybutt
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - J R Center
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincents Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P A Baldock
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincents Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincents Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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20
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Doyle KL, Cunha C, Hort Y, Tasan R, Sperk G, Shine J, Herzog H. Role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the differentiation of Trpm-5-positive olfactory microvillar cells. Neuropeptides 2018. [PMID: 29530408 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mouse olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) is comprised of anatomically distinct populations of cells in separate regions; apical (sustentacular and microvillar), neuronal (olfactory sensory neurons) and basal (horizontal and globose basal cells). The existence of microvillar cells (MVCs) is well documented but their nature and function remains unclear. An important transcription factor for the differentiation of MVCs is Skn-1a, with loss of function of Skn-1a in mice resulting in a complete loss of Trpm-5 expressing MVCs, while olfactory sensory neuron differentiation is normal. Our previous research has shown that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is expressed in MVCs and is important in the neuroproliferation of olfactory precursors. This study showed that following X-ray irradiation of the snout of wildtype mice, which decreases the proliferation of basal precursor cells, the numbers of Trpm-5-positive MVCs is increased at 2 and 5 weeks post-irradiation compared to controls. Skn-1a expression in the ON following X-ray irradiation also increases at 2 weeks post-irradiation in a regionally specific manner matching the expression pattern of Trpm-5-positive MVCs. In parallel, NPYCre knock-in mice were used to examine the expression of Skn-1a following activation of NPY unilaterally in the ON (unilateral nasal irrigation of AAV-NPY-FLEX). These experiments demonstrated that Skn-1a is only expressed when NPY is activated in MVCs. Therefore the expression of NPY is necessary for the transcription factor-mediated differentiation of olfactory MVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharen L Doyle
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia; UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Carla Cunha
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Portugal.
| | - Yvonne Hort
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia.
| | - Ramon Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Günther Sperk
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - John Shine
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia; UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia; UNSW Sydney, Australia.
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21
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Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Stem Cells and Their Potential Applications in Disease Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6823917. [PMID: 29109742 PMCID: PMC5646323 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6823917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and other peripheral tissues. It takes part in regulating various biological processes including food intake, circadian rhythm, energy metabolism, and neuroendocrine secretion. Increasing evidence indicates that NPY exerts multiple regulatory effects on stem cells. As a kind of primitive and undifferentiated cells, stem cells have the therapeutic potential to replace damaged cells, secret paracrine molecules, promote angiogenesis, and modulate immunity. Stem cell-based therapy has been demonstrated effective and considered as one of the most promising treatments for specific diseases. However, several limitations still hamper its application, such as poor survival and low differentiation and integration rates of transplanted stem cells. The regulatory effects of NPY on stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation may be helpful to overcome these limitations and facilitate the application of stem cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarized the regulatory effects of NPY on stem cells and discussed their potential applications in disease therapy.
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22
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Neural mechanisms underlying GABAergic regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:33-46. [PMID: 28948349 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Within the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus is the subgranular zone, which contains a neurogenic niche for radial-glia like cells, the most primitive neural stem cells in the adult brain. The quiescence of neural stem cells is maintained by tonic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) released from local interneurons. Once these cells differentiate into neural progenitor cells, GABA continues to regulate their development into mature granule cells, the principal cell type of the dentate gyrus. Here, we review the role of GABA circuits, signaling, and receptors in regulating development of adult-born cells, as well as the molecular players that modulate GABA signaling. Furthermore, we review recent findings linking dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis to the altered GABAergic circuitry and signaling under various pathological conditions.
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23
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Khan D, Khan M, Runesson J, Zaben M, Gray WP. GalR3 mediates galanin proliferative effects on postnatal hippocampal precursors. Neuropeptides 2017; 63:14-17. [PMID: 28431685 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Galanin, a neuropeptide co-released from noradrenergic and serotonergic projection neurons to the dentate gyrus, has recently emerged as an important mediator for signaling neuronal activity to the subgranular neurogenic stem cell niche supporting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Galanin and its receptors appear to play key roles in depression-like behavior, and effects on hippocampal neurogenesis are relevant to pharmacological strategies for treating depression, which in part appear to rely on restoring altered neurogenesis. We previously demonstrated that the GalR2/3 receptor agonist Gal 2-11 is proliferative and proneurogenic for postnatal hippocampal progenitor cells; however, the specific receptor mediation remained to be identified. With the recent availability of M1145 (a specific GalR2 agonist), and SNAP 37889 (GalR3 specific antagonist), we extend our previous studies and show that while M1145 has no proliferative effect, the co-treatment of postnatal rat hippocampal progenitors with Gal 2-11 and SNAP 37889 completely abolished the Gal 2-11 proliferative effects. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that GalR3 and not GalR2 is the specific receptor subtype that mediates the proliferative effects of galanin on hippocampal progenitor cells. These results implicate GALR3 in the mediation of galanin neurogenic effects and, potentially, its neurogenic anti-depressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Khan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Khan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Runesson
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Zaben
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - W P Gray
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
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24
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Ablation of Y1 receptor impairs osteoclast bone-resorbing activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33470. [PMID: 27646989 PMCID: PMC5028844 DOI: 10.1038/srep33470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Y1 receptor (Y1R)-signalling pathway plays a pivotal role in the regulation of bone metabolism. The lack of Y1R-signalling stimulates bone mass accretion that has been mainly attributed to Y1R disruption from bone-forming cells. Still, the involvement of Y1R-signalling in the control of bone-resorbing cells remained to be explored. Therefore, in this study we assessed the role of Y1R deficiency in osteoclast formation and resorption activity. Here we demonstrate that Y1R germline deletion (Y1R−/−) led to increased formation of highly multinucleated (n > 8) osteoclasts and enhanced surface area, possibly due to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) overexpression regulated by RANKL-signalling. Interestingly, functional studies revealed that these giant Y1R−/− multinucleated cells produce poorly demineralized eroded pits, which were associated to reduce expression of osteoclast matrix degradation markers, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAcP5b), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and cathepsin-K (CTSK). Tridimensional (3D) morphologic analyses of resorption pits, using an in-house developed quantitative computational tool (BonePit), showed that Y1R−/− resorption pits displayed a marked reduction in surface area, volume and depth. Together, these data demonstrates that the lack of Y1Rs stimulates the formation of larger multinucleated osteoclasts in vitro with reduced bone-resorbing activity, unveiling a novel therapeutic option for osteoclastic bone diseases based on Y1R-signalling ablation.
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25
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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 95:210-24. [PMID: 27461050 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors are widely expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. Studies in both humans and rodent models revealed that brain NPY levels are altered in some neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Machado-Joseph disease. In this review, we will focus on the roles of NPY in the pathological mechanisms of these disorders, highlighting NPY as a neuroprotective agent, as a neural stem cell proliferative agent, as an agent that increases trophic support, as a stimulator of autophagy and as an inhibitor of excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the effect of NPY in some clinical manifestations commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Machado-Joseph disease, such as depressive symptoms and body weight loss, are also discussed. In conclusion, this review highlights NPY system as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.
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26
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Park MH, Lee JK, Kim N, Min WK, Lee JE, Kim KT, Akiyama H, Herzog H, Schuchman EH, Jin HK, Bae JS. Neuropeptide Y Induces Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Mobilization by Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activity Through Y1 Receptor in Osteoblasts. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2145-56. [PMID: 27090492 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization is an essential homeostatic process regulated by the interaction of cellular and molecular components in bone marrow niches. It has been shown by others that neurotransmitters released from the sympathetic nervous system regulate HSPC egress from bone marrow to peripheral blood. In this study, we investigate the functional role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on this process. NPY deficient mice had significantly impaired HSPC mobilization due to increased expression of HSPC maintenance factors by reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in bone marrow. Pharmacological or endogenous elevation of NPY led to decrease of HSPC maintenance factors expression by activating MMP-9 in osteoblasts, resulting in HSPC mobilization. Mice in which the Y1 receptor was deleted in osteoblasts did not exhibit HSPC mobilization by NPY. Furthermore, NPY treatment in ovariectomized mice caused reduction of bone loss due to HSPC mobilization. These results suggest a new role of NPY on HSPC mobilization, as well as the potential therapeutic application of this neuropeptide for stem cell-based therapy. Stem Cells 2016;34:2145-2156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Park
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Namoh Kim
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo-Kie Min
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Research Program, Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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27
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Spencer B, Potkar R, Metcalf J, Thrin I, Adame A, Rockenstein E, Masliah E. Systemic Central Nervous System (CNS)-targeted Delivery of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Reduces Neurodegeneration and Increases Neural Precursor Cell Proliferation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1905-1920. [PMID: 26620558 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant protein transmitters in the central nervous system with roles in a variety of biological functions including: food intake, cardiovascular regulation, cognition, seizure activity, circadian rhythms, and neurogenesis. Reduced NPY and NPY receptor expression is associated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD). To determine whether replacement of NPY could ameliorate some of the neurodegenerative and behavioral pathology associated with AD, we generated a lentiviral vector expressing NPY fused to a brain transport peptide (apoB) for widespread CNS delivery in an APP-transgenic (tg) mouse model of AD. The recombinant NPY-apoB effectively reversed neurodegenerative pathology and behavioral deficits although it had no effect on accumulation of Aβ. The subgranular zone of the hippocampus showed a significant increase in proliferation of neural precursor cells without further differentiation into neurons. The neuroprotective and neurogenic effects of NPY-apoB appeared to involve signaling via ERK and Akt through the NPY R1 and NPY R2 receptors. Thus, widespread CNS-targeted delivery of NPY appears to be effective at reversing the neuronal and glial pathology associated with Aβ accumulation while also increasing NPC proliferation. Overall, increased delivery of NPY to the CNS for AD might be an effective therapy especially if combined with an anti-Aβ therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff Metcalf
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and; Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California 92102
| | - Ivy Thrin
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and
| | | | | | - Eliezer Masliah
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and; Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California 92102.
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28
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Santos-Carvalho A, Ambrósio AF, Cavadas C. Neuropeptide Y system in the retina: From localization to function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 47:19-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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29
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Park MH, Jin HK, Min WK, Lee WW, Lee JE, Akiyama H, Herzog H, Enikolopov GN, Schuchman EH, Bae JS. Neuropeptide Y regulates the hematopoietic stem cell microenvironment and prevents nerve injury in the bone marrow. EMBO J 2015; 34:1648-60. [PMID: 25916827 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many reports have revealed the importance of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the control of the bone marrow environment. However, the specific role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in this process has not been systematically studied. Here we show that NPY-deficient mice have significantly reduced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers and impaired regeneration in bone marrow due to apoptotic destruction of SNS fibers and/or endothelial cells. Furthermore, pharmacological elevation of NPY prevented bone marrow impairments in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced SNS injury, while NPY injection into conditional knockout mice lacking the Y1 receptor in macrophages did not relieve bone marrow dysfunction. These results indicate that NPY promotes neuroprotection and restores bone marrow dysfunction from chemotherapy-induced SNS injury through the Y1 receptor in macrophages. They also reveal a new role of NPY as a regulator of the bone marrow microenvironment and highlight the potential therapeutic value of this neuropeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Park
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo-Kie Min
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jae-sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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30
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Geloso MC, Corvino V, Di Maria V, Marchese E, Michetti F. Cellular targets for neuropeptide Y-mediated control of adult neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:85. [PMID: 25852477 PMCID: PMC4360818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are emerging as key regulators of stem cell niche activities in health and disease, both inside and outside the central nervous system (CNS). Among them, neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides both in the nervous system and in non-neural districts, has become the focus of much attention for its involvement in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions, including the modulation of different stem cell activities. In particular, a pro-neurogenic role of NPY has been evidenced in the neurogenic niche, where a direct effect on neural progenitors has been demonstrated, while different cellular types, including astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells, also appear to be responsive to the peptide. The marked modulation of the NPY system during several pathological conditions that affect neurogenesis, including stress, seizures and neurodegeneration, further highlights the relevance of this peptide in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. In view of the considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms controlling neural cell fate, this review aims to summarize and discuss current data on NPY signaling in the different cellular components of the neurogenic niche in order to elucidate the complexity of the mechanisms underlying the modulatory properties of this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
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31
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Actions of NPY, and its Y1 and Y2 receptors on pulsatile growth hormone secretion during the fed and fasted state. J Neurosci 2015; 34:16309-19. [PMID: 25471570 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4622-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic NPY system plays an important role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure. Different biological actions of NPY are assigned to NPY receptor subtypes. Recent studies demonstrated a close relationship between food intake and growth hormone (GH) secretion; however, the mechanism through which endogenous NPY modulates GH release remains unknown. Moreover, conclusive evidence demonstrating a role for NPY and Y-receptors in regulating the endogenous pulsatile release of GH does not exist. We used genetically modified mice (germline Npy, Y1, and Y2 receptor knock-out mice) to assess pulsatile GH secretion under both fed and fasting conditions. Deletion of NPY did not impact fed GH release; however, it reversed the fasting-induced suppression of pulsatile GH secretion. The recovery of GH secretion was associated with a reduction in hypothalamic somatotropin release inhibiting factor (Srif; somatostatin) mRNA expression. Moreover, observations revealed a differential role for Y1 and Y2 receptors, wherein the postsynaptic Y1 receptor suppresses GH secretion in fasting. In contrast, the presynaptic Y2 receptor maintains normal GH output under long-term ad libitum-fed conditions. These data demonstrate an integrated neural circuit that modulates GH release relative to food intake, and provide essential information to address the differential roles of Y1 and Y2 receptors in regulating the release of GH under fed and fasting states.
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32
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Persaud SJ, Bewick GA. Peptide YY: more than just an appetite regulator. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1762-9. [PMID: 24917132 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Replenishment of beta cell mass is a key aim of novel therapeutic interventions for diabetes, and the implementation of new strategies will be aided by understanding the mechanisms employed to regulate beta cell mass under normal physiological conditions. We have recently identified a new role for the gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) and the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor systems in the control of beta cell survival. PYY is perhaps best known for its role in regulating appetite and body weight, but its production by islet cells, the presence of NPY receptors on islets and the demonstration that Y1 activation causes proliferation of beta cells and protects them from apoptosis, suggest a role for this peptide in modulating beta cell mass. This review introduces PYY and its potential role in glucose homeostasis, then focuses on evidence supporting the concept that PYY and NPY receptors are exciting new targets for the preservation of beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta J Persaud
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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33
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Nunan R, Sivasathiaseelan H, Khan D, Zaben M, Gray W. Microglial VPAC1R mediates a novel mechanism of neuroimmune-modulation of hippocampal precursor cells via IL-4 release. Glia 2014; 62:1313-27. [PMID: 24801739 PMCID: PMC4336555 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the production of new neurons from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), occurs throughout adulthood in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where it supports learning and memory. The innate and adaptive immune systems are increasingly recognized as important modulators of hippocampal neurogenesis under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms by which the immune system regulates hippocampal neurogenesis are incompletely understood. In particular, the role of microglia, the brains resident immune cell is complex, as they have been reported to both positively and negatively regulate neurogenesis. Interestingly, neuronal activity can also regulate the function of the immune system. Here, we show that depleting microglia from hippocampal cultures reduces NSPC survival and proliferation. Furthermore, addition of purified hippocampal microglia, or their conditioned media, is trophic and proliferative to NSPCs. VIP, a neuropeptide released by dentate gyrus interneurons, enhances the proliferative and pro-neurogenic effect of microglia via the VPAC1 receptor. This VIP-induced enhancement is mediated by IL-4 release, which directly targets NSPCs. This demonstrates a potential neuro-immuno-neurogenic pathway, disruption of which may have significant implications in conditions where combined cognitive impairments, interneuron loss, and immune system activation occurs, such as temporal lobe epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nunan
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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34
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Corvino V, Marchese E, Podda MV, Lattanzi W, Giannetti S, Di Maria V, Cocco S, Grassi C, Michetti F, Geloso MC. The neurogenic effects of exogenous neuropeptide Y: early molecular events and long-lasting effects in the hippocampus of trimethyltin-treated rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88294. [PMID: 24516629 PMCID: PMC3917853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of endogenous neurogenesis is regarded as a promising challenge in neuroprotection. In the rat model of hippocampal neurodegeneration obtained by Trimethyltin (TMT) administration (8 mg/kg), characterised by selective pyramidal cell loss, enhanced neurogenesis, seizures and cognitive impairment, we previously demonstrated a proliferative role of exogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY), on dentate progenitors in the early phases of neurodegeneration. To investigate the functional integration of newly-born neurons, here we studied in adult rats the long-term effects of intracerebroventricular administration of NPY (2 µg/2 µl, 4 days after TMT-treatment), which plays an adjuvant role in neurodegeneration and epilepsy. Our results indicate that 30 days after NPY administration the number of new neurons was still higher in TMT+NPY-treated rats than in control+saline group. As a functional correlate of the integration of new neurons into the hippocampal network, long-term potentiation recorded in Dentate Gyrus (DG) in the absence of GABAA receptor blockade was higher in the TMT+NPY-treated group than in all other groups. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of Kruppel-like factor 9, a transcription factor essential for late-phase maturation of neurons in the DG, and of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5, critically involved in the maturation and dendrite extension of newly-born neurons, revealed a significant up-regulation of both genes in TMT+NPY-treated rats compared with all other groups. To explore the early molecular events activated by NPY administration, the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway, which participates in the maintenance of the neurogenic hippocampal niche, was evaluated by qPCR 1, 3 and 5 days after NPY-treatment. An early significant up-regulation of Shh expression was detected in TMT+NPY-treated rats compared with all other groups, associated with a modulation of downstream genes. Our data indicate that the neurogenic effect of NPY administration during TMT-induced neurodegeneration involves early Shh pathway activation and results in a functional integration of newly-generated neurons into the local circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Podda
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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35
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Abstract
The ubiquitous gaseous signaling molecule nitric oxide participates in the regulation of a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including adult neurogenesis. Adult neurogenesis, or the generation of new neurons in the adult brain, is a restricted event confined to areas with neurogenic capability. Although nitric oxide has been shown to mediate conflicting effects on adult neurogenesis, which may be partly explained by its unique characteristics, more studies are required in order to fully comprehend and appreciate the mechanisms involved. Neuropeptide Y, a neurotransmitter shown to be an important regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, acts through intracellular nitric oxide to induce an increase in neural progenitor cell proliferation.
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Zaben MJ, Gray WP. Neuropeptides and hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:431-8. [PMID: 24215800 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis is important for modulating the behavioural responses to stress and for certain forms of learning and memory. The mechanisms underlying the necessary coupling of neuronal activity to neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) function remain poorly understood. Within the dentate subgranular stem cell niche, local interneurons appear to play an important part in this excitation-neurogenesis coupling via GABAergic transmission, which promotes neuronal differentiation and integration. Neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and galanin have emerged as important mediators for signalling local and extrinsic interneuronal activity to subgranular zone precursors. Here we review the distribution of these neuropeptides and their receptors in the neurogenic area of the hippocampus and their precise effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. We also discuss neuropeptides' potential involvement in functional aspects of hippocampal neurogenesis particularly their involvement in the modulation of learning and memory and behavior responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zaben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, 3rd Floor, Room 3.33, The Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
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Santos-Carvalho A, Álvaro AR, Martins J, Ambrósio AF, Cavadas C. Emerging novel roles of neuropeptide Y in the retina: from neuromodulation to neuroprotection. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 112:70-9. [PMID: 24184719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors are widely expressed in the central nervous system, including the retina. Retinal cells, in particular neurons, astrocytes, and Müller, microglial and endothelial cells express this peptide and its receptors (Y1, Y2, Y4 and/or Y5). Several studies have shown that NPY is expressed in the retina of various mammalian and non-mammalian species. However, studies analyzing the distribution of NPY receptors in the retina are still scarce. Although the physiological roles of NPY in the retina have not been completely elucidated, its early expression strongly suggests that NPY may be involved in the development of retinal circuitry. NPY inhibits the increase in [Ca(2+)]i triggered by elevated KCl in retinal neurons, protects retinal neural cells against toxic insults and induces the proliferation of retinal progenitor cells. In this review, we will focus on the roles of NPY in the retina, specifically proliferation, neuromodulation and neuroprotection. Alterations in the NPY system in the retina might contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, and NPY and its receptors might be viewed as potentially novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos-Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; AIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Sousa DM, McDonald MM, Mikulec K, Peacock L, Herzog H, Lamghari M, Little DG, Baldock PA. Neuropeptide Y modulates fracture healing through Y1 receptor signaling. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1570-8. [PMID: 23733357 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y acting via it's Y1 receptor represents a powerful pathway in the control of bone mass. The global or osteoblast-specific Y1 receptor deletion induces pronounced bone anabolic effects in mice. However, the contribution of Y1 receptor deletion in bone repair/healing remained to be clarified. Therefore, in this study we characterized the role of Y1 receptor deletion in fracture healing. Closed tibial fractures were generated in germline (Y1 (-/-) ) and osteoblastic-specific Y1 receptor knockout mice. The progression of tibial repair monitored from 1- until 6-weeks post-fracture demonstrated that in Y1 (-/-) mice there is a delay in fracture repair, as seen by a decrease in bone callus volume and callus strength. Moreover, the histological features included elevated avascular and cartilage area and consequently delayed cartilage removal, and hence impaired union. Interestingly, this delay in bone repair was not related directly to Y1 receptors expressed by mature osteoblasts. These findings suggest that the global absence of the Y1 receptor delays fracture healing, through impairing the early phases of fracture repair to achieve bony union. The data acquired on the role of Y1 receptor signaling disruption in bone regeneration is critical for the design of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Sousa
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), NEWTherapies Group, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Marx M, Haas CA, Häussler U. Differential vulnerability of interneurons in the epileptic hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:167. [PMID: 24098270 PMCID: PMC3787650 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of hippocampal interneurons has been considered as one reason for the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) by shifting the excitation-inhibition balance. Yet, there are many different interneuron types which show differential vulnerability in the context of an epileptogenic insult. We used the intrahippocampal kainate (KA) mouse model for TLE in which a focal, unilateral KA injection induces status epilepticus (SE) followed by development of granule cell dispersion (GCD) and hippocampal sclerosis surrounding the injection site but not in the intermediate and temporal hippocampus. In this study, we characterized the loss of interneurons with respect to septotemporal position and to differential vulnerability of interneuron populations. To this end, we performed intrahippocampal recordings of the initial SE, in situ hybridization for glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) mRNA and immunohistochemistry for parvalbumin (PV) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the early phase of epileptogenesis at 2 days and at 21 days after KA injection, when recurrent epileptic activity and GCD have fully developed. We show that SE extended along the entire septotemporal axis of both hippocampi, but was stronger at distant sites than at the injection site. There was an almost complete loss of interneurons surrounding the injection site and expanding to the intermediate hippocampus already at 2 days but increasing until 21 days after KA. Furthermore, we observed differential vulnerability of PV- and NPY-expressing cells: while the latter were lost at the injection site but preserved at intermediate sites, PV-expressing cells were gone even at sites more temporal than GCD. In addition, we found upregulation of GAD67 mRNA expression in dispersed granule cells and of NPY staining in ipsilateral granule cells and ipsi- and contralateral mossy fibers. Our data thus indicate differential survival capacity of interneurons in the epileptic hippocampus and compensatory plasticity mechanisms depending on the hippocampal position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Marx
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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40
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Retraction notice to “THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL INFECTION ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND HIPPOCAMPUS NEURONAL APOPTOSIS, PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN THE NEONATAL RATS” [Neuroscience 246 (2013) 422–434]. Neuroscience 2013; 246:422-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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41
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Beck B, Pourié G. Ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, and other feeding-regulatory peptides active in the hippocampus: role in learning and memory. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:541-61. [PMID: 23865799 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a brain region of primary importance for neurogenesis, which occurs during early developmental states as well as during adulthood. Increases in neuronal proliferation and in neuronal death with age have been associated with drastic changes in memory and learning. Numerous neurotransmitters are involved in these processes, and some neuropeptides that mediate neurogenesis also modulate feeding behavior. Concomitantly, feeding peptides, which act primarily in the hypothalamus, are also present in the hippocampus. This review aims to ascertain the role of several important feeding peptides in cognitive functions, either through their local synthesis in the hippocampus or through their actions via specific receptors in the hippocampus. A link between neurogenesis and the orexigenic or anorexigenic properties of feeding peptides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Beck
- INSERM U954, Nutrition, Génétique et Expositions aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre, France.
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42
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Veyrat-Durebex C, Quirion R, Ferland G, Dumont Y, Gaudreau P. Aging and long-term caloric restriction regulate neuropeptide Y receptor subtype densities in the rat brain. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:163-9. [PMID: 23410741 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of aging and long-term caloric restriction (LTCR), on the regulation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1, Y2 and Y5 receptors subtypes, was studied in 20-month-old male rats fed ad libitum (AL) or submitted to a 40% caloric restriction for 12 months. [(125)I]GR231118, a Y1 antagonist was used as Y1 receptor radioligand. [(125)I][Leu(31), Pro(34)]PYY, a high affinity agonist of Y1 and Y5 subtypes was used in the absence or presence of 100 nM BIBO3304 (a highly selective Y1 receptor antagonist) to assess the apparent levels of [(125)I][Leu(31), Pro(34)]PYY/BIBO3304 insensitive sites (Y5-like) from [(125)I][Leu(31), Pro(34)]PYY/BIBO3304 sensitive sites (Y1). [(125)I]PYY(3-36) was used to label the Y2 receptor. In the brain of 3-month-old AL rats, the distribution and densities of Y1, Y2 and Y5 receptors were in agreement with previous reports. In the brain of 20AL rats, a decrease of NPY receptor subtype densities in regions having important physiological functions such as the cingulate cortex, hippocampus and dentate gyrus, thalamus and hypothalamus was observed. In contrast, LTCR had multiple effects. It induced specific decreases of Y1-receptor densities in the dentate gyrus, thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei and lateral hypothalamic area and Y2-receptor densities in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus. Moreover, it prevented the age-induced increase in Y1-receptor densities in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and decrease in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, and increased Y2-receptor densities in the CA2 subfield of the hippocampus. These results indicate that LTCR not only counteracts some of the deleterious effects of aging on NPY receptor subtype densities but exerts specific effects of its own. The overall impact of the regulation of NPY receptor subtypes in the brain of old calorie-restricted rats may protect the neural circuits involved in pain, emotions, feeding and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of Aging, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Shi YC, Lau J, Lin Z, Zhang H, Zhai L, Sperk G, Heilbronn R, Mietzsch M, Weger S, Huang XF, Enriquez RF, Baldock PA, Zhang L, Sainsbury A, Herzog H, Lin S. Arcuate NPY controls sympathetic output and BAT function via a relay of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons in the PVN. Cell Metab 2013; 17:236-48. [PMID: 23395170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropepetide Y (NPY) is best known for its powerful stimulation of food intake and its effects on reducing energy expenditure. However, the pathways involved and the regulatory mechanisms behind this are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that NPY derived from the arcuate nucleus (Arc) is critical for the control of sympathetic outflow and brown adipose tissue (BAT) function. Mechanistically, a key change induced by Arc NPY signaling is a marked Y1 receptor-mediated reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which is also associated with a reduction in TH expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) and other regions in the brainstem. Consistent with this, Arc NPY signaling decreased sympathetically innervated BAT thermogenesis, involving the downregulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in BAT. Taken together, these data reveal a powerful Arc-NPY-regulated neuronal circuit that controls BAT thermogenesis and sympathetic output via TH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chuan Shi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Schoenfeld TJ, Gould E. Differential effects of stress and glucocorticoids on adult neurogenesis. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2013; 15:139-164. [PMID: 23670817 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2012_233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stress is known to inhibit neuronal growth in the hippocampus. In addition to reducing the size and complexity of the dendritic tree, stress and elevated glucocorticoid levels are known to inhibit adult neurogenesis. Despite the negative effects of stress hormones on progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampus, some experiences which produce robust increases in glucocorticoid levels actually promote neuronal growth. These experiences, including running, mating, enriched environment living, and intracranial self-stimulation, all share in common a strong hedonic component. Taken together, the findings suggest that rewarding experiences buffer progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus from the negative effects of elevated stress hormones. This chapter considers the evidence that stress and glucocorticoids inhibit neuronal growth along with the paradoxical findings of enhanced neuronal growth under rewarding conditions with a view toward understanding the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Schoenfeld
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08545, USA
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45
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Abstract
Many tissues of the body cannot only repair themselves, but also self-renew, a property mainly due to stem cells and the various mechanisms that regulate their behavior. Stem cell biology is a relatively new field. While advances are slowly being realized, stem cells possess huge potential to ameliorate disease and counteract the aging process, causing its speculation as the next panacea. Amidst public pressure to advance rapidly to clinical trials, there is a need to understand the biology of stem cells and to support basic research programs. Without a proper comprehension of how cells and tissues are maintained during the adult life span, clinical trials are bound to fail. This review will cover the basic biology of stem cells, the various types of stem cells, their potential function, and the advantages and disadvantages to their use in medicine. We will next cover the role of G protein-coupled receptors in the regulation of stem cells and their potential in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- VAN A. DOZE
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA (V.A.D.), and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA (D.M.P.)
| | - DIANNE M. PEREZ
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA (V.A.D.), and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA (D.M.P.)
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46
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Malva JO, Xapelli S, Baptista S, Valero J, Agasse F, Ferreira R, Silva AP. Multifaces of neuropeptide Y in the brain--neuroprotection, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:299-308. [PMID: 23116540 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in the modulation of important features of neuronal physiology, including calcium homeostasis, neurotransmitter release and excitability. Moreover, NPY has been involved as an important modulator of hippocampal and thalamic circuits, receiving particular attention as an endogenous antiepileptic peptide and as a potential master regulator of feeding behavior. NPY not only inhibits excessive glutamate release (decreasing circuitry hyperexcitability) but also protects neurons from excitotoxic cell death. Furthermore, NPY has been involved in the modulation of the dynamics of dentate gyrus and subventricular zone neural stem cell niches. In both regions, NPY is part of the chemical resource of the neurogenic niche and acts through NPY Y1 receptors to promote neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, NPY is also considered a neuroimmune messenger. In this review, we highlight recent evidences concerning paracrine/autocrine actions of NPY involved in neuroprotection, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. In summary, the three faces of NPY, discussed in the present review, may contribute to better understand the dynamics and cell fate decision in the brain parenchyma and in restricted areas of neurogenic niches, in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Malva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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47
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Macia L, Yulyaningsih E, Pangon L, Nguyen AD, Lin S, Shi YC, Zhang L, Bijker M, Grey S, Mackay F, Herzog H, Sainsbury A. Neuropeptide Y1 receptor in immune cells regulates inflammation and insulin resistance associated with diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 2012; 61:3228-38. [PMID: 23011592 PMCID: PMC3501846 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of activated immune cells into white adipose tissue (WAT) is linked to the development of insulin resistance and obesity, but the mechanism behind this is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Y1 receptor signaling in immune cells controls inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Selective deletion of Y1 receptors in the hematopoietic compartment of mice leads to insulin resistance and inflammation in WAT under high fat-fed conditions. This is accompanied by decreased mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory marker adiponectin in WAT and an increase of the proinflammatory monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). In vitro, activated Y1-deficient intraperitoneal macrophages display an increased inflammatory response, with exacerbated secretion of MCP-1 and tumor necrosis factor, whereas addition of neuropeptide Y to wild-type macrophages attenuates the release of these cytokines, this effect being blocked by Y1 but not Y2 receptor antagonism. Importantly, treatment of adipocytes with the supernatant of activated Y1-deficient macrophages causes insulin resistance, as demonstrated by decreased insulin-induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and Akt as well as decreased expression of insulin receptor substrate 1. Thus, Y1 signaling in hematopoietic-derived cells such as macrophages is critical for the control of inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Macia
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ernie Yulyaningsih
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurent Pangon
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy D. Nguyen
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shu Lin
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yan C. Shi
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martijn Bijker
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane Grey
- Immunology Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Corresponding author: Amanda Sainsbury, , or Herbert Herzog,
| | - Amanda Sainsbury
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Corresponding author: Amanda Sainsbury, , or Herbert Herzog,
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48
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Andres-Mach M, Fike JR, Łuszczki JJ. Neurogenesis in the epileptic brain: a brief overview from temporal lobe epilepsy. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 63:1316-23. [PMID: 22358080 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dentate granule cell neurogenesis persists throughout life in the hippocampus of mammals. Alterations in this process occur in many neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Among the different types of epilepsy, the most frequent is temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Therefore, a number of laboratory studies use animal models of TLE to observe the fate of neuronal cells after seizures. Hippocampal neurogenesis is very sensitive to physiological and pathological stimuli. Seizures, as pathological stimuli, alter both the extent and the pattern of neurogenesis, which is associated with cognitive function. Various alterations in neurogenesis are observed depending on the amount of time that has elapsed after the seizures. In acute seizures, neurogenesis generally increases, whereas in chronic epilepsy, neurogenesis decreases. Moreover, several methods currently used for the treatment of brain disorders such as TLE can also have significant impacts on cognitive functions. This review is focused on the recent findings regarding neurogenesis in animal models of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Andres-Mach
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2, PL 20-090 Poland.
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Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and the orphan nuclear receptor tailless homolog (TLX) are key regulators of hippocampal neurogenesis, which has been reported to be dysregulated in both neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Inflammation is also implicated in the neuropathology of these disorders because of increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the brain. At elevated levels, IL-1β signaling through the IL-1 receptor type 1 has been shown to be detrimental to hippocampal neurogenesis. TLX is required to maintain neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in an undifferentiated state and is involved in NSPC fate determination, while GSK-3β negatively regulates Wnt signaling, a vital pathway promoting neurogenesis. This study shows that GSK-3β inhibition using a small-molecule inhibitor and the mood stabilizer lithium restores the IL-1β-induced decrease in NSPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation of embryonic rat hippocampal NSPCs to control levels. The IL-1β-induced effect on NSPCs is paralleled by a decrease in TLX expression that can be prevented by GSK-3β inhibition. The present results suggest that GSK-3β ameliorates the anti-proliferative and pro-gliogenic effects of IL-1β, and that TLX is vulnerable to inflammatory insult. Strategies to reduce GSK-3β activity or to increase TLX expression may facilitate the restoration of hippocampal neurogenesis in neuroinflammatory conditions where neurogenesis is impaired.
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Decressac M, Barker RA. Neuropeptide Y and its role in CNS disease and repair. Exp Neurol 2012; 238:265-72. [PMID: 23022456 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely expressed throughout the CNS and exerts a number of important physiological functions as well as playing a role in pathological conditions such as obesity, anxiety, epilepsy, chronic pain and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we highlight some of the recent advances in our understanding of NPY biology and how this may help explain not only its role in health and disease, but also its possible use therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Decressac
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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