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Nakai Y, Kumagai K, Ino Y, Akiyama T, Moriyama K, Takeda Y, Egashira K, Ohira T, Ryo A, Saito T, Inaba Y, Hirano H, Kimura Y. Use of data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to identify an objective serum indicator of the need for osteoporotic therapeutic intervention. J Proteomics 2024; 300:105166. [PMID: 38574990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by weakened bone microstructure and loss of bone mass. Current diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis are based on the T-score, which is a measure of bone mineral density. However, osteoporotic fragility fractures can occur regardless of the T-score, underscoring the need for additional criteria for the early detection of patients at fracture risk. To identify indicators of reduced bone strength, we performed serum proteomic analysis using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry with serum samples from two patient groups, one with osteoporosis but no fractures and the other with osteopenia and fragility fractures. Collective evaluation of the results identified six serum proteins that changed to a similar extent in both patient groups compared with controls. Of these, extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), which contributes to bone formation, showed the most significant increase in serum levels in both patient groups. An ELISA-based assay suggested that ECM1 could serve as a serum indicator of the need for therapeutic intervention; however, further prospective studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm these results. The present findings may contribute to the provision of early and appropriate therapeutic strategies for patients at risk of osteoporotic fractures. SIGNIFICANCE: This study aimed to identify objective serum indicators of the need for therapeutic intervention in individuals at risk of osteoporotic fracture. Comprehensive proteome analyses of serum collected from patients with osteoporosis but no fractures, patients with osteopenia and fragility fractures, and controls were performed by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Collective evaluation of the proteome analysis data and ELISA-based assays identified serum ECM1 as a potential objective marker of the risk of fragility fractures in patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia. The findings are an important step toward the development of appropriate bone health management methods to improve well-being and maintain quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakai
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoko Ino
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Akiyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kayano Moriyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuriko Takeda
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenji Egashira
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; R&D Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Saito
- Yokohama Brain and Spine Center, Yokohama 235-0012, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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Takashima S, Sun W, Otten ABC, Cai P, Peng SI, Tong E, Bui J, Mai M, Amarbayar O, Cheng B, Odango RJ, Li Z, Qu K, Sun BK. Alternative mRNA splicing events and regulators in epidermal differentiation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113814. [PMID: 38402585 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) of messenger RNAs occurs in ∼95% of multi-exon human genes and generates diverse RNA and protein isoforms. We investigated AS events associated with human epidermal differentiation, a process crucial for skin function. We identified 6,413 AS events, primarily involving cassette exons. We also predicted 34 RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulating epidermal AS, including 19 previously undescribed candidate regulators. From these results, we identified FUS as an RBP that regulates the balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, we characterized the function of a cassette exon AS event in MAP3K7, which encodes a kinase involved in cell signaling. We found that a switch from the short to long isoform of MAP3K7, triggered during differentiation, enforces the demarcation between proliferating basal progenitors and overlying differentiated strata. Our findings indicate that AS occurs extensively in the human epidermis and has critical roles in skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takashima
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA
| | - Wujianan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Auke B C Otten
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shaohong Isaac Peng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA
| | - Elton Tong
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA
| | - Jolina Bui
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA
| | - McKenzie Mai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA
| | - Oyumergen Amarbayar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA
| | - Rowen Jane Odango
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA
| | - Zongkai Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Kun Qu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bryan K Sun
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92109, USA.
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Li J, Xu K, Cui Y, Xu T, Fei W, Lyu C, Yu Y, Yang L, Hong Y, Yang G. ECM1-associated miR-1260b promotes osteogenic differentiation by targeting GDI1. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152133. [PMID: 38266317 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2024.152133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common disease among older adults. The promotion of osteoblast differentiation plays a crucial role in alleviating OP symptoms. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) has been reported to be closely associated with osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we constructed U2OS cell lines with ECM1 knockdown and ECM1a overexpression based on knockdown, and identified the target miRNA (miR-1260b) by sequencing. Overexpression of miR-1260b promoted the osteogenic differentiation of U2OS and MG63 cells, as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, matrix mineralization, and Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2), Osteopontin (OPN), Collagen I (COL1A1), and Osteocalcin (OCN) protein expressions, whereas low expression of miR-1260b had the opposite effect. In addition, miR-1260b expression was decreased in OP patients than in non-OP patients. Next, we predicted the target gene of miRNA through TargetScan and miRDB and found that miR-1260b negatively regulated GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (GDI1) by directly binding to its 3'-untranslated region. Subsequent experiments revealed that GDI1 overexpression decreased ALP activity and calcium deposit, reduced RUNX2, OPN, COL1A1, and OCN expression levels, and reversed the effects of miR-1260b on osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, ECM1-related miR-1260b promotes osteogenic differentiation by targeting GDI1 in U2OS and MG63 cells. Thus, this study has significant implication for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxia Li
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China; Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunqing Cui
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenchao Fei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China; Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cuiting Lyu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinjue Yu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China; Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Gong Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Xu M, Zhou J, Yan J, Wang J. Identification of a Novel Mutation of Extracellular Matrix Protein 1 Gene in a Chinese Family with Lipoid Proteinosis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1515-1519. [PMID: 37337569 PMCID: PMC10277017 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s415682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), a glycoprotein expressed in skin. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to investigate two Chinese siblings with suggestive clinical features of LP. They shared one known (c.960G>A) and one novel (c.1081G>T) pathogenic variant in ECM1 gene, inherited from their unaffected parents. The novel mutation (c.1081G>T) led to a termination codon at position 361 and caused nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and lost the function. Our finding expands the genetic etiology spectrum of LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyou Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Miao W, Porter DF, Lopez-Pajares V, Siprashvili Z, Meyers RM, Bai Y, Nguyen DT, Ko LA, Zarnegar BJ, Ferguson ID, Mills MM, Jilly-Rehak CE, Wu CG, Yang YY, Meyers JM, Hong AW, Reynolds DL, Ramanathan M, Tao S, Jiang S, Flynn RA, Wang Y, Nolan GP, Khavari PA. Glucose dissociates DDX21 dimers to regulate mRNA splicing and tissue differentiation. Cell 2023; 186:80-97.e26. [PMID: 36608661 PMCID: PMC10171372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is a universal bioenergy source; however, its role in controlling protein interactions is unappreciated, as are its actions during differentiation-associated intracellular glucose elevation. Azido-glucose click chemistry identified glucose binding to a variety of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), including the DDX21 RNA helicase, which was found to be essential for epidermal differentiation. Glucose bound the ATP-binding domain of DDX21, altering protein conformation, inhibiting helicase activity, and dissociating DDX21 dimers. Glucose elevation during differentiation was associated with DDX21 re-localization from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm where DDX21 assembled into larger protein complexes containing RNA splicing factors. DDX21 localized to specific SCUGSDGC motif in mRNA introns in a glucose-dependent manner and promoted the splicing of key pro-differentiation genes, including GRHL3, KLF4, OVOL1, and RBPJ. These findings uncover a biochemical mechanism of action for glucose in modulating the dimerization and function of an RNA helicase essential for tissue differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Miao
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Douglas F Porter
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa Lopez-Pajares
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zurab Siprashvili
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robin M Meyers
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yunhao Bai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Duy T Nguyen
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Ko
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Zarnegar
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian D Ferguson
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew M Mills
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Cheng-Guo Wu
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jordan M Meyers
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Audrey W Hong
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David L Reynolds
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Shiying Tao
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan A Flynn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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6
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Lichen Sclerosus: A Current Landscape of Autoimmune and Genetic Interplay. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123070. [PMID: 36553077 PMCID: PMC9777366 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an acquired chronic inflammatory dermatosis predominantly affecting the anogenital area with recalcitrant itching and soreness. Progressive or persistent LS may cause urinary and sexual disturbances and an increased risk of local skin malignancy with a prevalence of up to 11%. Investigations on lipoid proteinosis, an autosomal recessive genodermatosis caused by loss-of-function mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) gene, led to the discovery of a humoral autoimmune response to the identical molecule in LS, providing evidence for an autoimmune and genetic counterpart targeting ECM1. This paper provides an overview of the fundamental importance and current issue of better understanding the immunopathology attributed to ECM1 in LS. Furthermore, we highlight the pleiotropic action of ECM1 in homeostatic and structural maintenance of skin biology as well as in a variety of human disorders possibly associated with impaired or gained ECM1 function, including the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis, Th2 cell-dependent airway allergies, T-cell and B-cell activation, and the demyelinating central nervous system disease multiple sclerosis, to facilitate sharing the concept as a plausible therapeutic target of this attractive molecule.
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ECM1 modified HF-MSCs targeting HSC attenuate liver cirrhosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:51. [PMID: 35136027 PMCID: PMC8827057 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs) show considerable therapeutic potential for liver cirrhosis (LC). To improve the effectiveness of naïve HF-MSC treatments on LC, we used bioinformatic tools to identify an exogenous gene targeting HSCs among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LC to modify HF-MSCs. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) was identified as a DEG that was significantly downregulated in the cirrhotic liver. Then, ECM1-overexpressing HF-MSCs (ECM1-HF-MSCs) were transplanted into mice with LC to explore the effectiveness and correlated mechanism of gene-overexpressing HF-MSCs on LC. The results showed that ECM1-HF-MSCs significantly improved liver function and liver pathological injury in LC after cell therapy relative to the other treatment groups. Moreover, we found that ECM1-HF-MSCs homed to the injured liver and expressed the hepatocyte-specific surface markers ALB, CK18, and AFP. In addition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation was significantly inhibited in the cell treatment groups in vivo and in vitro, especially in the ECM1-HF-MSC group. Additionally, TGF-β/Smad signal inhibition was the most significant in the ECM1-HF-MSC group in vivo and in vitro. The findings indicate that the genetic modification of HF-MSCs with bioinformatic tools may provide a broad perspective for precision treatment of LC.
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Li Y, Fan W, Link F, Wang S, Dooley S. Transforming growth factor β latency: A mechanism of cytokine storage and signalling regulation in liver homeostasis and disease. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100397. [PMID: 35059619 PMCID: PMC8760520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent effector in the liver, which is involved in a plethora of processes initiated upon liver injury. TGF-β affects parenchymal, non-parenchymal, and inflammatory cells in a highly context-dependent manner. Its bioavailability is critical for a fast response to various insults. In the liver – and probably in other organs – this is made possible by the deposition of a large portion of TGF-β in the extracellular matrix as an inactivated precursor form termed latent TGF-β (L-TGF-β). Several matrisomal proteins participate in matrix deposition, latent complex stabilisation, and activation of L-TGF-β. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) was recently identified as a critical factor in maintaining the latency of deposited L-TGF-β in the healthy liver. Indeed, its depletion causes spontaneous TGF-β signalling activation with deleterious effects on liver architecture and function. This review article presents the current knowledge on intracellular L-TGF-β complex formation, secretion, matrix deposition, and activation and describes the proteins and processes involved. Further, we emphasise the therapeutic potential of toning down L-TGF-β activation in liver fibrosis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Weiguo Fan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Frederik Link
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Tel.: 06213835595.
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Corresponding authors. Addresses: Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Tel.: 06213833768;
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Ferguson J, Campos-León K, Pentland I, Stockton JD, Günther T, Beggs AD, Grundhoff A, Roberts S, Noyvert B, Parish JL. The chromatin insulator CTCF regulates HPV18 transcript splicing and differentiation-dependent late gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010032. [PMID: 34735550 PMCID: PMC8594839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous host protein, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), is an essential regulator of cellular transcription and functions to maintain epigenetic boundaries, stabilise chromatin loops and regulate splicing of alternative exons. We have previously demonstrated that CTCF binds to the E2 open reading frame (ORF) of human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 and functions to repress viral oncogene expression in undifferentiated keratinocytes by co-ordinating an epigenetically repressed chromatin loop within HPV episomes. Keratinocyte differentiation disrupts CTCF-dependent chromatin looping of HPV18 episomes promoting induction of enhanced viral oncogene expression. To further characterise CTCF function in HPV transcription control we utilised direct, long-read Nanopore RNA-sequencing which provides information on the structure and abundance of full-length transcripts. Nanopore analysis of primary human keratinocytes containing HPV18 episomes before and after synchronous differentiation allowed quantification of viral transcript species, including the identification of low abundance novel transcripts. Comparison of transcripts produced in wild type HPV18 genome-containing cells to those identified in CTCF-binding deficient genome-containing cells identifies CTCF as a key regulator of differentiation-dependent late promoter activation, required for efficient E1^E4 and L1 protein expression. Furthermore, our data show that CTCF binding at the E2 ORF promotes usage of the downstream weak splice donor (SD) sites SD3165 and SD3284, to the dominant E4 splice acceptor site at nucleotide 3434. These findings demonstrate that in the HPV life cycle both early and late virus transcription programmes are facilitated by recruitment of CTCF to the E2 ORF. Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of a subset of epithelial cancers of the uterine cervix, other anogenital areas and the oropharynx. HPV infection is established in the basal cells of epithelia where a restricted programme of viral gene expression is required for replication and maintenance of the viral episome. Completion of the HPV life cycle is dependent on the maturation (differentiation) of infected cells which induces enhanced viral gene expression and induction of capsid production. We previously reported that the host cell transcriptional regulator, CTCF, is hijacked by HPV to control viral gene expression. In this study, we use long-read mRNA sequencing to quantitatively map the variety and abundance of HPV transcripts produced in early and late stages of the HPV life cycle and to dissect the function of CTCF in controlling HPV gene expression and transcript processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ferguson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Campos-León
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Ieisha Pentland
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne D. Stockton
- Genomics Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Günther
- Heinrich-Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew D. Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- Genomics Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich-Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Noyvert
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- CRUK Birmingham Centre and Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L. Parish
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Zhu T, Bai X, Ma D, Yang T. Identification of a novel three-nucleotide duplication in ECM1 in Chinese siblings affected with lipoid proteinosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 512:122-126. [PMID: 33159951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathological mutations in the glycoprotein extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1). In this study, we examined two sibling patients who were suspected of LP in a consanguineous Chinese family for clinical manifestations and sequenced the all coding exonic regions of ECM1 in the proband. Both siblings were detected a homozygous three-nucleotide duplication, c.506_508dupCTG in the exon 6 of ECM1. This mutation introduces an alanine addition between two highly conserved amino acids (Pro169 and Gly170), designated as p.169_170insA, within one of the two tandem repeat domains which are functional important for protein-protein interactions. Their parents were unaffected and heterozygous for this mutation. This mutation wasn't found in one hundred normal Chinese individuals screened and wasn't previously reported elsewhere, excluding it as a common neutral polymorphism. These evidences supported this duplication as the causative mutation of LP. Our finding expanded the spectrum of disease-causing mutations in LP and provides further evidence for the importance of ECM1 gene in the development of this rare genodermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieshan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics & McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Donglai Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics & McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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11
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Kumar N, Singh NK. "Emerging role of Novel Seminal Plasma Bio-markers in Male Infertility: A Review". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 253:170-179. [PMID: 32871440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility has emerged as an important cause of infertility worldwide. There are many factors affecting male fertility and research is going on to know impact of various factors on sperm functions. Semen analysis is gold standard diagnostic test for male infertility, but it is crude method for estimation of male infertility as seminal composition gets affected by environmental factors, infections, other pathologies, hence, results of semen analysis either becomes normal/ambiguous, leading to failure of diagnosis and delayed treatment. Hence, with need of newer, better tests for assessing male factor infertility, seminal plasma is being tested for biomarkers. Seminal plasma is considered gold mine for male fertility as it contains molecules from male reproductive glands which play important role in sperm function. Study of seminal plasma molecules can give an idea about sperm concentration, motility, morphology and cause of infertility and can serve as biomarkers for male infertility. Present review briefs on some of these novel seminal plasma biomarkers which may play significant role in male fertility and can be used in future for better identification, assessment of infertile males. METHODOLOGY Literature from 1985 to 2019 was searched from various databases including PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google Scholar on seminal plasma biomarkers using keywords: "seminal plasma protein biomarkers", "novel seminal plasma markers and male infertility", "hormones in seminal plasma and male infertility", "oxidative stress and male infertility", "Reactive Oxygen Species and sperm DNA", "immunoinfertility". INCLUSION CRITERIA All full length original or review articles or abstracts on seminal plasma markers and male infertility published in English language in various peer-reviewed journals were considered. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Articles published in languages other than English were excluded from the study. RESULTS Seminal plasma is a big reservoir of molecules derived from the various male reproductive glands which can be used as potential biomarkers of male fertility. CONCLUSION Hence, seminal plasma biomarkers can be used in future for better assessment of male factor infertility, its causes and may play an important role in management of male factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, 522503, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Namit Kant Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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12
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Fan W, Liu T, Chen W, Hammad S, Longerich T, Hausser I, Fu Y, Li N, He Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Lian Q, Zhao X, Yan C, Li L, Yi C, Ling Z, Ma L, Zhao X, Xu H, Wang P, Cong M, You H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Li D, Hui L, Dooley S, Hou J, Jia J, Sun B. ECM1 Prevents Activation of Transforming Growth Factor β, Hepatic Stellate Cells, and Fibrogenesis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:1352-1367.e13. [PMID: 31362006 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activation of TGFB (transforming growth factor β) promotes liver fibrosis by activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), but the mechanisms of TGFB activation are not clear. We investigated the role of ECM1 (extracellular matrix protein 1), which interacts with extracellular and structural proteins, in TGFB activation in mouse livers. METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6J mice (controls), ECM1-knockout (ECM1-KO) mice, and mice with hepatocyte-specific knockout of EMC1 (ECM1Δhep). ECM1 or soluble TGFBR2 (TGFB receptor 2) were expressed in livers of mice after injection of an adeno-associated virus vector. Liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. Livers were collected from mice and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence analyses. Hepatocytes and HSCs were isolated from livers of mice and incubated with ECM1; production of cytokines and activation of reporter genes were quantified. Liver tissues from patients with viral or alcohol-induced hepatitis (with different stages of fibrosis) and individuals with healthy livers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS ECM1-KO mice spontaneously developed liver fibrosis and died by 2 months of age without significant hepatocyte damage or inflammation. In liver tissues of mice, we found that ECM1 stabilized extracellular matrix-deposited TGFB in its inactive form by interacting with αv integrins to prevent activation of HSCs. In liver tissues from patients and in mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, we found an inverse correlation between level of ECM1 and severity of fibrosis. CCl4-induced liver fibrosis was accelerated in ECM1Δhep mice compared with control mice. Hepatocytes produced the highest levels of ECM1 in livers of mice. Ectopic expression of ECM1 or soluble TGFBR2 in liver prevented fibrogenesis in ECM1-KO mice and prolonged their survival. Ectopic expression of ECM1 in liver also reduced the severity of CCl4-induced fibrosis in mice. CONCLUSIONS ECM1, produced by hepatocytes, inhibits activation of TGFB and its activation of HSCs to prevent fibrogenesis in mouse liver. Strategies to increase levels of ECM1 in liver might be developed for treatment of fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Animals
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/genetics
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/deficiency
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/pathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/pathology
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Sektion Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Sektion Translational Gastrointestinal Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Sektion Translational Gastrointestinal Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yadong Fu
- Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoshi Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven Dooley
- Sektion Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Jinlin Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Yu VZ, Ko JMY, Ning L, Dai W, Law S, Lung ML. Endoplasmic reticulum-localized ECM1b suppresses tumor growth and regulates MYC and MTORC1 through modulating MTORC2 activation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:56-64. [PMID: 31319137 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease with dismal 5-year survival. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) was identified as one of the most downregulated genes by transcriptomic analysis of normal esophageal/ESCC paired tissue samples. ECM1 plays oncogenic roles in cancer development in various cancer types. However, little is known about its role in ESCC. In vivo and in vitro functional assays coupled with analyses on public datasets and detailed molecular and mechanistic analyses were used to study the gene. We demonstrate that as opposed to the previously identified oncogenic role of ECM1a, ECM1b is a novel tumor suppressor in ESCC. ECM1 is significantly downregulated in ESCC and several other squamous cell carcinomas. ECM1b encodes a cellular protein that suppresses MYC protein expression and MTORC1 signaling activity. MTORC2 inactivation leads to suppressed MYC expression and MTORC1 signaling. ECM1b localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and suppresses MTORC2 activation by inhibiting MTORC2/ribosome association. By regulating MTORC2/MYC/MTORC1 signaling, ECM1b suppresses general protein translation and enhances chemosensitivity. We provide evidence establishing a novel role of ECM1 in cancer that suggests ECM1b as a biomarker for ESCC disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valen Zhuoyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Josephine Mun Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lvwen Ning
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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14
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Ghazawi FM, Proulx ESC, Jafarian F. A novel nonsense mutation in exon 9 in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene associated with lipoid proteinosis: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019; 7:2050313X19850359. [PMID: 31205714 PMCID: PMC6537054 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x19850359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis that is caused by
loss-of-function mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene. This
study identifies a novel nonsense mutation in exon 9 of the extracellular matrix
protein 1 gene associated with lipoid proteinosis, contributing to recent
advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics underlying this disease.
It is important to identify the mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1
gene that are associated with lipoid proteinosis and how these affect protein
function. Understanding the molecular basis for such genetic disorders may lead
to novel therapeutic approaches for treating hereditary genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras M Ghazawi
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne Saint-Cyr Proulx
- Hôpital de la Cité-de-la-Santé, Laval, QC, Canada.,Innovaderm Research Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Jafarian
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Lipoid Proteinosis: A Rare Cause of Hoarseness. J Voice 2019; 33:155-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Li Y, Li Y, Zhao J, Zheng X, Mao Q, Xia H. Development of a Sensitive Luciferase-Based Sandwich ELISA System for the Detection of Human Extracellular Matrix 1 Protein. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2016; 35:273-279. [PMID: 27923104 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2016.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been one of the main methods for detecting an antigen in an aqueous sample for more than four decades. Nowadays, one of the biggest concerns for ELISA is still how to improve the sensitivity of the assay, and the luciferase-luciferin reaction system has been noticed as a new detection method with high sensitivity. In this study, a luciferin-luciferase reaction system was used as the detection method for a sandwich ELISA system. It was shown that this new system led to an increase in the detection sensitivity of at least two times when compared with the traditional horseradish peroxidase (HRP) detection method. Lastly, the serum levels of the human extracellular matrix 1 protein of breast cancer patients were determined by the new system, which were overall similar to the HRP chemiluminescent system. Furthermore, this new luciferase reporter can be implemented into other ELISA systems for the purpose of increasing the assay sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- 1 Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Li
- 1 Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Junli Zhao
- 1 Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- 1 Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- 2 Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haibin Xia
- 1 Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, P.R. China
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17
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Production and characterization of domain-specific monoclonal antibodies against human ECM1. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 121:103-11. [PMID: 26826312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human extracellular matrix protein-1 (hECM1), a secreted glycoprotein, is widely expressed in different tissues and organs. ECM1 has been implicated in multiple biological functions, which are potentially mediated by the interaction of different ECM1 domains with its ligands. However, the exact biological functions of ECM1 have not been elucidated yet, and the functional study of ECM1 has been partially hampered by the lack of sensitive and specific antibodies, especially those targeting different ECM1 domains. In this study, six strains of monoclonal antibody (MAb) against hECM1 were generated using purified, prokaryotically-expressed hECM1 as an immunogen. The MAbs were shown to be highly sensitive and specific, and suitable for western blot, immunoprecipitation assays and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the particular ECM1 domains recognized by different MAbs were identified. Lastly, the MAbs were found to have neutralizing activities, inhibiting the proliferation, migration and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, the domain-specific anti-ECM1 MAbs produced in this study should provide a useful tool for investigating ECM1's biological functions, and cellular pathways in which it is involved.
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18
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Lee KM, Nam K, Oh S, Lim J, Kim YP, Lee JW, Yu JH, Ahn SH, Kim SB, Noh DY, Lee T, Shin I. Extracellular matrix protein 1 regulates cell proliferation and trastuzumab resistance through activation of epidermal growth factor signaling. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:479. [PMID: 25499743 PMCID: PMC4308848 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted glycoprotein with putative functions in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and differentiation. Expression of ECM1 in several types of carcinoma suggests that it may promote tumor development. In this study, we investigated the role of ECM1 in oncogenic cell signaling in breast cancer, and potential mechanisms for its effects. METHODS In order to find out the functional role of ECM1, we used the recombinant human ECM1 and viral transduction systems which stably regulated the expression level of ECM1. We examined the effect of ECM1 on cell proliferation and cell signaling in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, tissues and sera of patients with breast cancer were used to confirm the effect of ECM1. RESULTS ECM1 protein was increased in trastuzumab-resistant (TR) cells, in association with trastuzumab resistance and cell proliferation. Through physical interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ECM1 potentiated the phosphorylation of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase upon EGF treatment. Moreover, ECM1-induced galectin-3 cleavage through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 not only improved mucin 1 expression, but also increased EGFR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 protein stability as a secondary signaling. CONCLUSIONS ECM1 has important roles in both cancer development and trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer through activation of EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-min Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keesoo Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunhwa Oh
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juyeon Lim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic 43-ro, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Han Yu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic 43-ro, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic 43-ro, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic 43-ro, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taehoon Lee
- NOVA Cell Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea. .,Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Cottle DL, Ursino GMA, Ip SCI, Jones LK, Ditommaso T, Hacking DF, Mangan NE, Mellett NA, Henley KJ, Sviridov D, Nold-Petry CA, Nold MF, Meikle PJ, Kile BT, Smyth IM. Fetal inhibition of inflammation improves disease phenotypes in harlequin ichthyosis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:436-49. [PMID: 25209981 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a severe skin disease which leads to neonatal death in ∼50% of cases. It is the result of mutations in ABCA12, a protein that transports lipids required to establish the protective skin barrier needed after birth. To better understand the life-threatening newborn HI phenotype, we analysed the developing epidermis for consequences of lipid dysregulation in mouse models. We observed a pro-inflammatory signature which was characterized by chemokine upregulation in embryonic skin which is distinct from that seen in other types of ichthyosis. Inflammation also persisted in grafted HI skin. To examine the contribution of inflammation to disease development, we overexpressed interleukin-37b to globally suppress fetal inflammation, observing considerable improvements in keratinocyte differentiation. These studies highlight inflammation as an unexpected contributor to HI disease development in utero, and suggest that inhibiting inflammation may reduce disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas F Hacking
- Department of Anaesthetics, Saint Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Natalie A Mellett
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Katya J Henley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Marcel F Nold
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia and
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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20
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Bakry OA, Samaka RM, Houla NS, Basha MA. Two Egyptian cases of lipoid proteinosis successfully treated with acitretin. J Dermatol Case Rep 2014; 8:29-34. [PMID: 24748909 DOI: 10.3315/jdcr.2014.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoid proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe disease) is a rare progressive autosomal recessive disorder, characterized histologically by deposition of periodic acid Schiff-positive, diastase resistant, hyaline-like material into the skin, upper aerodigestive tract, and internal organs. MAIN OBSERVATION We report two cases of lipoid proteinosis. A 2-year-old girl presented with vesiculobullous skin lesions on her face, trunk, extremities and scalp, inability to protrude the tongue and hoarseness of voice that appeared few months after birth. The other case is a 4-year-old girl, who presented with waxy papules on face and trunk, hoarseness of voice and enlarged lips and tongue. The lesions healed leaving pitted scars in both cases. Based on clinical, histopathological and laryngoscopy findings, lipoid proteinosis was diagnosed in both cases. Acitretin was started in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day in every child. Complete remission of cutaneous lesions and improvement of the hoarseness was observed after one year. CONCLUSION Acitretin may be benificial for treatment of mucosal and cutaneous lesions in lipoid proteinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ahmed Bakry
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and S.T.Ds, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Rehab Monir Samaka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Nanees Shawky Houla
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Basha
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and S.T.Ds, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt
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Mondejar R, Garcia-Moreno JM, Rubio R, Solano F, Delgado M, Garcia-Bravo B, Rios-Martin JJ, Martinez-Mir A, Lucas M. Clinical and molecular study of the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene in a spanish family with lipoid proteinosis. J Clin Neurol 2014; 10:64-8. [PMID: 24465266 PMCID: PMC3896652 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a hoarse voice, variable scarring, and infiltration of the skin and mucosa. This disease is associated with mutations of the gene encoding extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1). CASE REPORT This was a clinical and molecular study of a new case of LP with a severe phenotype. A 35-year-old female born to nonconsanguineous parents developed dermatological and extracutaneous symptoms in her 9th month of life. The neurological abnormalities of the disease began to appear at the age of 19 years. Computed tomography revealed cranial calcifications. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of LP was confirmed by histopathological findings and direct sequencing of ECM1. A new homozygous nonsense mutation was identified in exon 7 of ECM1, c.1076G>A (p.Trp359(*)). This mutation was not detected in 106 chromosomes of healthy individuals with a similar demographic origin. Microsatellite markers around ECM1 were used to construct the haplotype in both the parents and the patient. Reports on genotype-phenotype correlations in LP point to a milder phenotype in carriers of missense mutations in the Ecm1a isoform, whereas mutations in the Ecm1b isoform are thought to be associated with more severe phenotypes. The present findings in a Spanish patient carrying a truncating mutation in exon 7 revealed complete dermatological and neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufino Mondejar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital Saville, Spain
| | | | - Rocio Rubio
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital Saville, Spain
| | - Francisca Solano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital Saville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Delgado
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital Saville, Spain
| | - Begona Garcia-Bravo
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital Saville, Spain
| | | | - Amalia Martinez-Mir
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Lucas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital Saville, Spain
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Human Melanoma cells over-express extracellular matrix 1 (ECM1) which is regulated by TFAP2C. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73953. [PMID: 24023917 PMCID: PMC3759440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix 1 (ECM1) is over-expressed in multiple epithelial malignancies. However, knowledge regarding the expression of ECM1 in melanomas and the mechanisms of ECM1 regulation is limited. In this study, we found that ECM1 is over-expressed in several melanoma cell lines, when compared to primary melanocytes, and furthermore, that ECM1 expression paralleled that of TFAP2C levels in multiple cell lines. Knockdown of TFAP2C in the A375 cell line with siRNA led to a reduction in ECM1 expression, and upregulation of TFAP2C with adenoviral vectors in the WM793 cell line resulted in ECM1 upregulation. Utilizing 5’ RACE to identify transcription start sites (TSS) and luciferase reporter assays in the ECM1-overexpressing A375 cell line, we identified the minimal promoter region of human ECM1 and demonstrate that an approximately 100bp fragment upstream of the TSS containing a TATA box and binding sites for AP1, SP1 and Ets is sufficient for promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and direct sequencing (ChIP-seq) for TFAP2C in the A375 cell line identified an AP2 regulatory region in the promoter of the ECM1 gene. Gelshift assays further confirmed binding of TFAP2C to this site. ECM1 knockdown reduces melanoma cell attachment and is consistent with findings that ECM1 overexpression has been associated with a poor prognosis. Our investigations show an as yet unrecognized role for TFAP2C in melanoma via its regulation of ECM1.
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Acitretin treatment for lipoid proteinosis. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2012; 2012:324506. [PMID: 23259080 PMCID: PMC3505959 DOI: 10.1155/2012/324506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare, autosomal-recessive disease characterized by the hoarseness and widespread cutaneous scarring, more prominent on sun-exposed areas. Yellow-white plaques can be seen on oral mucosa and on the skin among depressed scars. Histological evaluation of the affected sites shows accumulation of hyaline-like material in dermis and disruption of basement membrane. Although LP is compatible with normal life expectancy, involvement of upper respiratory tract may endanger patient's life, especially in the case of a respiratory tract infection. Involvement of central nervous system has also been reported, but its clinical importance is obscure. Due to the rarity of LP, a definite therapeutical approach is not established. In this paper we describe a 21-year-old LP patient who was treated with acitretin for six months. Although the outcome with cutaneous lesions was not satisfactory, her hoarseness was significantly improved.
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Molecular analysis of lipoid proteinosis: identification of a novel nonsense mutation in the ECM1 gene in a Pakistani family. Diagn Pathol 2011; 6:69. [PMID: 21791056 PMCID: PMC3158550 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-6-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by cutaneous and mucosal lesions and hoarseness appearing in early childhood that is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ECM1 gene located on chromosome 1q21. The aim of the study was to investigate the molecular genetic defect underlying lipoid proteinosis in a consanguineous Pakistani family.
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Merregaert J, Van Langen J, Hansen U, Ponsaerts P, El Ghalbzouri A, Steenackers E, Van Ostade X, Sercu S. Phospholipid scramblase 1 is secreted by a lipid raft-dependent pathway and interacts with the extracellular matrix protein 1 in the dermal epidermal junction zone of human skin. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37823-37. [PMID: 20870722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.136408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the interaction of ECM1 (extracellular matrix protein 1) using yeast two-hybrid screening and identified the type II transmembrane protein, PLSCR1 (phospholipid scramblase 1), as a binding partner. This interaction was then confirmed by in vitro and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation experiments, and additional pull-down experiments with GST-tagged ECM1a fragments localized this interaction to occur within the tandem repeat region of ECM1a. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed a partial overlap of ECM1 and PLSCR1 in human skin at the basal epidermal cell layer. Moreover, in human skin equivalents, both proteins are expressed at the basal membrane in a dermal fibroblast-dependent manner. Next, immunogold electron microscopy of ultrathin human skin sections showed that ECM1 and PLSCR1 co-localize in the extracellular matrix, and using antibodies against ECM1 or PLSCR1 cross-linked to magnetic immunobeads, we were able to demonstrate PLSCR1-ECM1 interaction in human skin extracts. Furthermore, whereas ECM1 is secreted by the endoplasmic/Golgi-dependent pathway, PLSCR1 release from HaCaT keratinocytes occurs via a lipid raft-dependent mechanism, and is deposited in the extracellular matrix. In summary, we here demonstrate that PLSCR1 interacts with the tandem repeat region of ECM1a in the dermal epidermal junction zone of human skin and provide for the first time experimental evidence that PLSCR1 is secreted by an unconventional secretion pathway. These data suggest that PLSCR1 is a multifunctional protein that can function both inside and outside of the cell and together with ECM1 may play a regulatory role in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Merregaert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Minner F, Herphelin F, Poumay Y. Study of epidermal differentiation in human keratinocytes cultured in autocrine conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 585:71-82. [PMID: 19907997 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-380-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deals with protocols to set up human keratinocyte cultures in serum-free conditions and lead them to autocrine autonomously growing conditions. These conditions have proven adequate for studies of epidermal differentiation by measurements of the expression of typical early and late differentiation markers. The chapter also deals with the use of quantitative RT-PCR in order to determine the epidermal marker gene expression levels by comparison with adequate housekeeping genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Minner
- Cell and Tissue Laboratory, URPHYM, University of Namur (FUNDP), Namur, Belgium
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Lal G, Hashimi S, Smith BJ, Lynch CF, Zhang L, Robinson RA, Weigel RJ. Extracellular matrix 1 (ECM1) expression is a novel prognostic marker for poor long-term survival in breast cancer: a Hospital-based Cohort Study in Iowa. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:2280-7. [PMID: 19521735 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous work in a small, unselected series showed that up to 83% of breast carcinomas overexpress ECM1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and that tumors with lymph node metastases are more likely to be ECM1-positive. We sought to further evaluate ECM1 expression and its effect on prognosis in an unselected cohort of patients with breast cancer. METHODS ECM1 expression was examined by IHC in 134 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1986 and 1989 and correlated with clinical parameters and outcomes, including disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During follow-up, 83 of 134 (66%) patients died. The median follow-up was 211 (range, 183-245) months for surviving patients. Based on a previously described cutoff of 10% staining, 47% of breast cancers were ECM1-positive. ECM1-positive tumors were associated with increasing patient age (P = 0.01). In multivariate analyses, while controlling for age, ER status, tumor grade, stage, and treatment, ECM1 expression emerged as a significant predictor of DSS (hazard ratios, 4.16 (P = 0.009) and 11.6 (P = 0.01) at 10 and 15 years, respectively) and DFS (hazard ratio, 3.08 (P = 0.03) at 15 years) with ECM1 overexpression predicting poorer survival. CONCLUSIONS ECM1 was overexpressed in approximately half of invasive breast carcinomas and is an important prognostic marker, particularly for predicting poorer DSS, with its predictive value increasing with time from diagnosis. Further work is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether ECM1 expression is predictive of response to specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Lal
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Micallef L, Belaubre F, Pinon A, Jayat-Vignoles C, Delage C, Charveron M, Simon A. Effects of extracellular calcium on the growth-differentiation switch in immortalized keratinocyte HaCaT cells compared with normal human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:143-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Minner F, Poumay Y. Candidate housekeeping genes require evaluation before their selection for studies of human epidermal keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:770-3. [PMID: 18719611 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Sercu S, Zhang L, Merregaert J. The extracellular matrix protein 1: its molecular interaction and implication in tumor progression. Cancer Invest 2008; 26:375-84. [PMID: 18443958 DOI: 10.1080/07357900701788148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is expressed around blood vessels, which suggest a role for ECM1 in angiogenesis. Recombinant ECM1 stimulates proliferation of cultured endothelial cells and promotes blood vessel formation in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos. These observations make ECM1 a possible trigger for angiogenesis, tumor progression and malignancies. Interaction of ECM1 with perlecan, MMP-9 and fibulin-1C/D contributes to this hypothesis. However, the importance of ECM1 in cancer biology has been neglected so far. Nevertheless, a survey of ECM1 expression in different tumors indicated that ECM1, although not tumor specific, is significantly elevated in many malignant epithelial tumors that give rise to metastases, emphasizing its relevance in the cancer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sercu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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31
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Interaction of extracellular matrix protein 1 with extracellular matrix components: ECM1 is a basement membrane protein of the skin. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:1397-408. [PMID: 18200062 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted glycoprotein, which plays an important role in the structural and functional biology of the skin as demonstrated by the identification of loss-of-function mutations in ECM1 as cause of the genodermatosis lipoid proteinosis, characterized by reduplication of the skin basement membrane and hyalinization of the underlying dermis. To search for binding partner(s) of ECM1, we tested the in vitro binding activity of ECM1a, a major isoform of four ECM1 splice variants, to different skin extracellular matrix proteins (such as laminin 332, collagen type IV, and fibronectin) and polysaccharides (such as hyaluronan, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate A) with solid-phase binding assay. We demonstrated that ECM1a utilizes different regions to bind to a variety of extracellular matrix components. Ultrastructurally, ECM1 is a basement membrane protein in human skin and is part of network-like suprastructures containing perlecan, collagen type IV, and laminin 332 as constituents. Furthermore, ECM1a enhanced the binding of collagen IV to laminin 332 dose-dependently, showing its involvement in the dermal-epidermal junction and interstitial dermis and making the functional link to the pathophysiology of lipoid proteinosis. To our knowledge, this is previously unreported.
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Chan I, Liu L, Hamada T, Sethuraman G, McGrath JA. The molecular basis of lipoid proteinosis: mutations in extracellular matrix protein 1. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:881-90. [PMID: 17927570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ien Chan
- Genetic Skin Disease Group, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK
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Sercu S, Poumay Y, Herphelin F, Liekens J, Beek L, Zwijsen A, Wessagowit V, Huylebroeck D, McGrath JA, Merregaert J. Functional redundancy of extracellular matrix protein 1 in epidermal differentiation. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:771-5. [PMID: 17711528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted protein expressed in skin. Its dermatological relevance has been highlighted by the discovery of loss-of-function mutations in ECM1 in patients with lipoid proteinosis (LiP). OBJECTIVES To determine the role of ECM1 in epidermal differentiation by examining gene and protein expression of epidermal differentiation markers in individuals with LiP and histological assessment of transgenic mouse skin that overexpresses Ecm1a in basal or suprabasal epidermis. METHODS Subconfluent, confluent and postconfluent LiP and control keratinocyte cultures were analysed by Northern and Western blotting for differences in expression of differentiation markers. Expression of these markers was analysed in skin of patients with LiP by immunohistochemistry. To study effects of Ecm1 overexpression on epidermal differentiation, transgenic mice were generated under control of either a keratin 14 or an involucrin promoter. RESULTS No differential expression of the different markers analysed was observed in LiP keratinocytes compared with controls. No histological differences were found in Ecm1-overexpressing mouse skin compared with wild-type. CONCLUSIONS Absence of ECM1 does not lead to differences in epidermal differentiation. Moreover, overexpression of Ecm1a in vivo does not exert dramatic effects on epidermal structure. Collectively, these findings suggest no role of ECM1 in epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sercu
- Labortaory of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
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Mirancea N, Hausser I, Metze D, Stark HJ, Boukamp P, Breitkreutz D. Junctional basement membrane anomalies of skin and mucosa in lipoid proteinosis (hyalinosis cutis et mucosae). J Dermatol Sci 2006; 45:175-85. [PMID: 17175139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 11/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive basement membrane (BM) deposition in skin and mucosa is characteristic for lipoid proteinosis (LP; hyalinosis cutis et mucosae), an inherited disease caused by extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) mutations. According to ultrastructure there are striking differences between junctional and microvascular BM. OBJECTIVE Distinct analysis of the junctional zone in epidermis and oral mucosa, contrasting concentric BM arrays in the microvasculature; evaluation of impact on epithelial histogenesis and differentiation, and specifically on adhesion structures to BM (hemidesmosomes). METHODS LP-epithelia were analyzed for alterations in differentiation, BM composition and texture, and hemidesmosomal components by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), electron microscopy (EM), and immunoelectron microscopy (ImEM). RESULTS Most striking was the irregular deposition of collagen IV and VII, BM-laminin, and laminin-5 at the junctional zone, accompanied by lamellate or punctuated structures below BM (IIF), whereas integrin alpha6beta4 and bullous pemphigoid antigen-1 and -2 (BPAG-1/-2) were regularly aligned. Also integrins alpha2beta1 and alpha3beta1 remained restricted to the epidermal basal layer, while the tissue-specific differentiation markers keratin K1/10 (mucosa, additionally K4/13) appeared delayed indicating mild hyperplasia, further confirmed by focal K6/16 expression. Ultrastructure (EM) disclosed abundance of extended basal cell protrusions and junctional aberrations like exfoliating excessive BM material. Hemidesmosomes were complete, but ImEM indicated weakened interactions between their components (BPAG-1, -2, and HD1). Confirming IIF, collagen IV and VII, and laminin-5 appeared extensively scattered, the latter two probably remaining associated. CONCLUSIONS Subtle defects in anchorage assembly, spanning the entire BM zone, apparently compromise epithelial-matrix adhesion, which may provoke (mechanical stress-induced) erroneous BM repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Mirancea
- German Cancer Research Center, Division Genetics of Skin Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
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Fujimoto N, Terlizzi J, Aho S, Brittingham R, Fertala A, Oyama N, McGrath JA, Uitto J. Extracellular matrix protein 1 inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 through high-affinity protein/protein interactions. Exp Dermatol 2006; 15:300-7. [PMID: 16512877 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2006.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), an approximately 85-kDa glycoprotein with broad tissue distribution, harbors mutations in lipoid proteinosis (LP), a heritable disease characterized by reduplication of basement membranes and hyalinization of dermis, associated with neurologic disorders. The mechanisms leading from ECM1 mutations to LP phenotype are unknown. In this study, we explored ECM1 protein-protein interactions utilizing yeast two-hybrid genetic screen of human placental library, which identified nine interacting proteins, including matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). The interactions were confirmed by beta-galactosidase assay with isolated clones and by co-immunoprecipitation which narrowed the interacting segment in ECM1 to the C-terminal tandem repeat 2 (amino acids 236-361). This peptide segment also inhibited MMP9 activity in a gelatin-based ELISA assay. We propose that ECM1-mediated reduction in MMP9 proteolytic activity may have relevance to pathogenesis of LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Sarafian V, Jans R, Poumay Y. Expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp-1) and galectins in human keratinocytes is regulated by differentiation. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 298:73-81. [PMID: 16710742 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-006-0662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes and their components are suspected to be involved in epidermal differentiation. In this study, lysosomal enzyme activities, expression of the lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp-1) and expression of the epidermal galectins-1, -3 and -7 were investigated in human keratinocytes cultured at different cell densities (subconfluence, confluence and postconfluence) in order to induce differentiation. Detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence, Lamp-1 expression is transiently upregulated at culture confluence, but reduced at postconfluence. Northern blot analyses performed on subconfluent, confluent and post-confluent cultures of keratinocytes show that Lamp-1 mRNA expression is also upregulated at culture confluence, but downregulated at postconfluence. Measurements of lysosomal enzyme activities indicate a transient upregulation at culture confluence, whereas cathepsins B, C and L are particularly downregulated at postconfluence. Cell density and differentiation of epidermal cells also differentially regulates galectin expression in autocrine cultures. As the expression of galectin-1 mRNA is high in subconfluent cells, it is assumed to be associated with their proliferative state. On the other hand, as the mRNA levels for galectins-3 and -7 are notably upregulated at culture confluence (galectin-7) or at postconfluence (galectin-3), their expression is thought to be related to the differentiated state of keratinocytes. However, we collected evidence by confocal microscopy that galectin-3 and Lamp-1 do not colocalize in vitro in keratinocytes. Altogether, our results suggest that the upregulated Lamp-1 expression at confluence could be involved in keratinocyte differentiation, but apparently not through interaction with galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Histologie-Embryologie, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, 61, Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
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Mirancea N, Hausser I, Beck R, Metze D, Fusenig NE, Breitkreutz D. Vascular anomalies in lipoid proteinosis (hyalinosis cutis et mucosae): basement membrane components and ultrastructure. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 42:231-9. [PMID: 16497486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In lipoid proteinosis (LP) vascular anomalies represent severe functional defects caused by excessive deposition of basement membrane (BM)-like matrix, particularly around small subepithelial blood vessels. OBJECTIVE Correlation of microvascular anomalies in morphology and ultrastructure with extracellular matrix composition and cell interactions for elucidating vascular involvement in LP-pathophysiology. METHODS Biopsies from non-related LP-patients were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), electron microscopy (EM), and immune-EM (ImEM). RESULTS In LP-skin and mucosa the thickened vessel walls stained strongly for the BM-components type IV collagen, laminin, perlecan, and nidogen (IIF). Integrin alpha6beta4 was regularly collocated with endothelial surface markers such as PECAM (CD31). Ultrastructure (EM) revealed highly ordered matrix deposits around microvessels, with frequently collapsed lumina, functionally compensated by increased vascular density (histology, IIF). Pericytes were trapped between these concentric BM-layers at varying distances towards the periphery (EM), contrasting their regularly close endothelial apposition. Periodic type IV collagen patterns (ImEM) corroborated the multiple BM-leaflet structure and the lack of a common 'fused' endothelial-pericyte BM, seen normally. Presumptive secretory vesicles, abundant in both cell types, implied an equal contribution to BM-synthesis, but also indicated partial loss of endothelial polarity. CONCLUSIONS In LP thickened vessel walls, composed of multiple BM, profoundly alter microvascular properties, also by interference with endothelial-pericyte interactions. The increased microvascular density reflects compensatory restoration for disabled function. Most remarkable was the exaggerated secretory activity (also at luminal surfaces) underlining the regulatory key role of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1; mutated in LP) in export or turnover of all major BM-components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Mirancea
- German Cancer Research Center, Division Carcinogenesis and Differentiation, Heidelberg, Germany
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Dyer JA, Yu QC, Paller AS. "Free-floating" desmosomes in lipoid proteinosis: an inherent defect in keratinocyte adhesion? Pediatr Dermatol 2006; 23:1-6. [PMID: 16445401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2006.00159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The classic features of lipoid proteinosis - beadlike papules and hoarseness - result from the accumulation of hyaline material in the mucocutaneous dermis. However, the characteristic manifestation in children - erosive, crusted lesions that lead to scarring - is rarely discussed and poorly understood. Lipoid proteinosis results from mutations in extracellular matrix protein 1, but the function of this protein is largely unknown. We performed ultrastructural studies on lesional epidermis, cultured monolayer keratinocytes, and raft keratinocyte cultures from blistering lesions of a child with lipoid proteinosis. All sections showed the dissociation of relatively intact desmosomes from keratinocytes, with desmosomes that were "free-floating" in the intercellular spaces or attached by thin strands to the cell membrane. These changes were present in serial sections of both tissue and cultured keratinocytes, suggesting this observation to be an inherent feature of keratinocytes devoid of extracellular matrix protein 1, rather than an artifact. Although additional patients should be studied, the diminished appearance of the inner dense plaque - the region of attachment of keratin intermediate filaments to desmosomal proteins - provides preliminary evidence that extracellular matrix protein 1 may participate in attaching keratin intermediate filaments to desmosomal region protein(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Dyer
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Sander CS, Sercu S, Ziemer M, Hipler UC, Elsner P, Thiele JJ, Merregaert J. Expression of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in human skin is decreased by age and increased upon ultraviolet exposure. Br J Dermatol 2005; 154:218-24. [PMID: 16433788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is expressed in human skin and plays an important role in its normal structure and function. In the rare genetic skin disease lipoid proteinosis, which is characterized by a loss-of-function mutation in the ECM1 gene, skin areas habitually exposed to the sun may show a more severely scarred and photoaged appearance. However, no data are available on the possible involvement of ECM1 expression in intrinsic and extrinsic skin ageing. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that ECM1 expression in human skin is regulated by age- and ultraviolet (UV)-dependent mechanisms. METHODS Skin biopsies from 12 patients with histologically confirmed solar elastosis, from non-UV-exposed sites of 12 age-matched controls and 12 young subjects were analysed. To evaluate the influence of acute UV exposure, buttock skin of 10 healthy subjects was irradiated repetitively on 10 days with a solar simulator and compared intraindividually with non-UV-treated contralateral sites. The expression of ECM1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry using an ECM1 antibody detecting ECM1a and ECM1c isoforms. Semiquantitative analysis of staining intensity was carried out by densitometric image analysis. RESULTS In normal human skin ECM1a and ECM1c are expressed mainly in the basal cell layers of epidermal keratinocytes and in dermal vessels. For the first time, an expression in the outer root sheath of hair follicles, in sebaceous lobules and epithelium of sweat glands is described. Intrinsically (UV-protected) aged skin shows a significantly reduced expression in basal and upper epidermal cell layers compared with young skin. In photoaged skin, expression is significantly increased within the lower and upper epidermis compared with age-matched UV-protected sites. Importantly, after acute UV exposure in young healthy subjects expression of ECM1 is markedly increased in both lower and upper epidermal cell layers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate a regulation of ECM1 expression in human skin by age and UV exposure. These data suggest that ECM1 expression may represent a cutaneous stress response to acute and chronic UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Sander
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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Selman M, Pardo A, Barrera L, Estrada A, Watson SR, Wilson K, Aziz N, Kaminski N, Zlotnik A. Gene expression profiles distinguish idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 173:188-98. [PMID: 16166619 PMCID: PMC2662988 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200504-644oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Many of the interstitial lung diseases represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because their clinical and even histologic features are often nonspecific. Likewise, the transcriptional signatures of most of them are unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare the gene expression patterns from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) using custom oligonucleotide microarrays. METHODS We profiled lung biopsies from 15 patients with IPF, 12 with HP, and eight with NSIP. Labeled complementary ribonucleic acid was hybridized to a custom Affymetrix oligonucleotide DNA microarray using standard Affymetrix protocols. The custom array, Hu03, contained 59,619 probe sets representing an estimated 46,000 gene clusters. RESULTS We identified statistically significant gene expression signatures that characterize HP and IPF. The HP gene expression signature was enriched for genes that are functionally associated with inflammation, T-cell activation, and immune responses, whereas the IPF signature was characterized by the expression of tissue remodeling, epithelial, and myofibroblast genes. We then compared these gene expression signatures to classify NSIP, a histologic pattern that is often difficult to differentiate consistently from HP and IPF. Two cases exhibited an IPF-like gene expression, another one could be more properly classified as HP, whereas others did not resemble HP or IPF, suggesting that they may represent idiopathic NSIP. CONCLUSIONS Our results underscore the value of gene expression signatures to classify the interstitial lung diseases and to understand pathogenic mechanisms, and suggest new ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Selman
- Neurocrine Biosciences, 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
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Fujimoto N, Terlizzi J, Brittingham R, Fertala A, McGrath JA, Uitto J. Extracellular matrix protein 1 interacts with the domain III of fibulin-1C and 1D variants through its central tandem repeat 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:1327-33. [PMID: 15990087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), a widely expressed glycoprotein, has been shown to harbor mutations in lipoid proteinosis (LP), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by profound alterations in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. The biological function of ECM1 and its role in the pathomechanisms of LP are unknown. Fibulins comprise a family of extracellular matrix components, and the prototype of this family, fibulin-1, is expressed in various connective tissues and plays a role in developmental and pathologic processes. In this study, we demonstrate that ECM1, and specifically the second tandem repeat domain which is alternatively spliced, interacts with the C-terminal segments of fibulins 1C and 1D splice variants which differ in their C-terminal domain III. The interactions were detected by yeast two-hybrid genetic system and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitations. Kinetics of the binding between ECM1 and fibulin-1D, measured by biosensor assay, revealed a K(d) of 5.71 x 10(-8) M, indicating a strong protein-protein interaction. Since distinct splice variants of ECM1 and fibulin-1 have been shown to be co-expressed in tissues affected in LP, we propose that altered ECM1/fibulin-1 interactions may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease as well as in a number of processes involving the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Fujimoto
- Jefferson Medical College and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Van Hougenhouck-Tulleken W, Chan I, Hamada T, Thornton H, Jenkins T, McLean WHI, McGrath JA, Ramsay M. Clinical and molecular characterization of lipoid proteinosis in Namaqualand, South Africa. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151:413-23. [PMID: 15327549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoid proteinosis (LiP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a hoarse voice, warty skin infiltration and scarring. Mutations within the extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) gene cause LiP. Since the early 1970s it has been recognized that South Africa has one of the largest groups of LiP patients worldwide, suggesting a probable founder effect. As LiP patients present with considerable clinical variability, this group of patients offers a unique opportunity for genotype-phenotype correlation. OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical features and the molecular basis of LiP in patients from the Namaqualand area of the Northern Cape province of South Africa and to examine molecular evidence for a founder effect. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The LiP patient cohort consisted of 29 Coloured patients from Namaqualand and a further seven Caucasoid patients from other areas of South Africa. The control group included 100 healthy geographically and ethnically matched individuals from Namaqualand. Samples were collected after informed consent and with ethics committee approval from the University of the Witwatersrand. LiP patients were examined clinically and a structured recording sheet was completed. A brief neurological evaluation was also performed. The LiP founder effect was investigated at the molecular level by ECM1 mutation detection and haplotype analysis. RESULTS The most consistent clinical signs for a diagnosis of LiP in this group were a hoarse voice and thickened sublingual frenulum leading to restricted tongue movement. Homozygosity for a nonsense mutation in exon 7 of the ECM1 gene, Q276X, was identified in all patients (Coloured and Caucasoid). Despite this genetic homogeneity, considerable clinical variability in skin presentation and psychiatric involvement was observed. Haplotype analysis using markers from a 9.98-Mb region around the ECM1 locus confirmed the founder effect with a founder core haplotype, 19-Q276X-12 (ND1-ECM1-D1S2343), in all but four LiP-associated alleles (n = 58). A LiP carrier rate of 1 in 9 was observed among the 100 Namaqualand controls, predicting a LiP incidence of 1 in 324 in this community. CONCLUSIONS Although several consistent clinical features in LiP patients homozygous for the Q276X mutation in the ECM1 gene were observed, there remains considerable clinical variability. This suggests the action of genetic and environmental modifiers of disease severity. Strong molecular evidence supports a single founder effect for the high prevalence of LiP in South Africans, both Coloured and Caucasoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Van Hougenhouck-Tulleken
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Pauws E, Veenboer GJM, Smit JWA, de Vijlder JJM, Morreau H, Ris-Stalpers C. Genes differentially expressed in thyroid carcinoma identified by comparison of SAGE expression profiles. FASEB J 2004; 18:560-1. [PMID: 14715705 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0101fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To identify transcripts that distinguish malignant from benign thyroid disease serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) profiles of papillary thyroid carcinoma and of normal thyroid are compared. Of the 21,000 tags analyzed, 204 tags are differentially expressed with statistical significance in the tumor. Thyroid tumor specificity of these transcripts is determined in silico using the tissue preferential expression (TPE) algorithm. TPE values demonstrate that 42 tags of the 204 are thyroid tumor specific. BC013035, a cDNA encoding a novel protein, is up-regulated from 0 to 24 tags in the thyroid tumor SAGE library. In a tissue panel of 30 thyroid tumors and 12 controls, it has an expression pattern similar to thyroid peroxidase, indicating possible involvement of BC013035 in thyroid differentiation. A tag coding for extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is absent in the normal thyroid SAGE library and present 55 times in the tumor. ECM1, a protein recently associated with angiogenesis and expressed in metastatic breast carcinoma, is up-regulated in 50% of all thyroid carcinoma and absent in normal controls and follicular adenoma. In conclusion, SAGE analysis and subsequent determination of TPE values facilitates the rapid distinction of genes specifically expressed in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Pauws
- Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) was first identified in 1994 as an 85-kDa glycoprotein secreted by a mouse osteogenic stromal cell line. Subsequently, the human homologue has been found to regulate endochondral bone formation, and to stimulate proliferation of endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis. However, a role for ECM1 in skin physiology and homeostasis has also emerged. Specifically, in 2002, loss-of-function mutations in the ECM1 gene were discovered to be the cause of the rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis, lipoid proteinosis. This inherited disorder is characterized clinically by skin and mucosal infiltration and scarring and histologically by disruption/duplication of basement membrane and widespread deposition of hyaline material in the dermis. Moreover, other recent studies have identified circulating autoantibodies against the ECM1 protein in most patients with lichen sclerosus, a common chronic inflammatory condition that shares some clinicopathological features with lipoid proteinosis. ECM1 thus serves as a target antigen in both an inherited and an acquired skin disorder. Within the epidermis, ECM1 has a role in the control of keratinocyte differentiation. Within the dermis, ECM1 binds to the major heparan sulphate proteoglycan, perlecan. In this way, ECM1 may act as a "biological glue" in the dermis, helping to regulate basement membrane and interstitial collagen fibril macro-assembly and growth factor binding. ECM1 may also have a role in other acquired skin disorders and physiological skin changes including scarring, wound healing and skin ageing, although this remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chan
- Genetic Skin Disease Group, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Skin Sciences, The Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals' Medical School, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Wang L, Yu J, Ni J, Xu XM, Wang J, Ning H, Pei XF, Chen J, Yang S, Underhill CB, Liu L, Liekens J, Merregaert J, Zhang L. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is over-expressed in malignant epithelial tumors. Cancer Lett 2003; 200:57-67. [PMID: 14550953 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted protein that has been implicated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis and differentiation. In the present study, we used immunohistochemical staining to examine the expression of ECM1 in a panel of human tumors and found that it was closely correlated with some types of tumors including: invasive breast ductal carcinoma (83%), esophageal squamous carcinoma (73%), gastric cancer (88%) and colorectal cancer (78%). Significantly, ECM1expression was correlated with the metastatic properties of the tumors. Primary breast cancers that had formed metastases were 76% positive while those that had not metastasized were only 33% positive. ECM1 expression was also correlated with PCNA a marker for proliferation, but not with CD34, a marker for endothelial cells. These results indicate that ECM1 tends to be preferentially expressed by metastatic epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Chan I, El-Zurghany A, Zendah B, Benghazil M, Oyama N, Hamada T, McGrath JA. Molecular basis of lipoid proteinosis in a Libyan family. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28:545-8. [PMID: 12950350 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipoid proteinosis is an autosomal recessive condition associated with variable scarring and infiltration of skin and mucosae. The disorder has recently been shown to result from loss-of-function mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1) on 1q21. Extracellular matrix protein 1 has important physiological and biological roles in aspects of epidermal differentiation, binding of dermal collagens and proteoglycans, and in regulation of angiogenesis. Thus far pathogenic mutations have been described in 16 different families with lipoid proteinosis throughout the world. In this report, we describe the clinico-pathological features of a 10-year-old boy with lipoid proteinosis from a consanguineous Libyan family. By direct sequencing of the affected individual's genomic DNA, we identified a homozygous nonsense mutation in exon 2 of the ECM1 gene, Q32X. This mutation is the most 5' of all ECM1 mutations described thus far and is predicted to ablate the ECM1a, ECM1b and ECM1c splice variants of the ECM1 gene and to result in a severe clinical phenotype. Sequencing of DNA from the affected individual's five siblings revealed that four were heterozygous carriers of Q32X, findings that have important implications for genetic counselling given the high frequency of consanguineous marriages in Libya.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chan
- Genetic Skin Disease Group, Division of Skin Sciences, The Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals' Medical School, London UK
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Ko C, Barr RJ. Vesicular lesions in a patient with lipoid proteinosis: a probable acantholytic dermatosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2003; 25:335-7. [PMID: 12876492 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-200308000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipoid proteinosis is a rare genodermatosis with characteristic clinical and histologic findings later in life. We present a case of lipoid proteinosis in which the diagnosis was originally missed because the patient presented in childhood with vesicles and a hoarse voice and lacked any other manifestations. Microscopic examination of a vesicle revealed extensive non-dyskeratotic acantholysis. Vesiculo-bullous lesions have been described clinically in lipoid proteinosis, but we are unaware of any histopathologic description regarding bullae formation. Although only a single patient is herein described, it seems unlikely that this type of acantholysis is purely coincidental. It is proposed that lipoid proteinosis should be in the differential of acantholytic vesiculo-bullous lesions in a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ko
- Dermatopathology Laboratory and Department of Dermatolgy, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Oyama N, Chan I, Neill SM, Hamada T, South AP, Wessagowit V, Wojnarowska F, D'Cruz D, Hughes GJ, Black MM, McGrath JA. Autoantibodies to extracellular matrix protein 1 in lichen sclerosus. Lancet 2003; 362:118-23. [PMID: 12867112 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen sclerosus is a common acquired inflammatory disorder of skin and mucous membranes. The aetiology is unknown, although HLA-subtype susceptibility and high rates of other autoimmune disorders suggest that autoantibodies to specific mucocutaneous antigens are involved. The clinicopathological similarities between lichen sclerosus and lipoid proteinosis, which results from mutations in extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), suggest this protein as an autoantigen. METHODS We analysed serum autoantibody profiles in 171 individuals (86 with lichen sclerosus, 85 healthy controls) by immunoblotting of extracts from normal human skin and lipoid proteinosis skin (lacking ECM1). We generated a full-length glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein for ECM1 to confirm specific immunoreactivity. We affinity-purified serum from patients with lichen sclerosus and did indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on normal skin with or without preabsorption with recombinant ECM1. FINDINGS By immunoblotting, IgG autoantibodies were found in 20 (67% [95% CI 45-84]) of 30 lichen sclerosus serum samples. The highest titre was 1 in 20. The bands were not detected in ECM1-deficient substrate. These samples, and those from 56 other patients with lichen sclerosus, showed immunoreactivity to the recombinant ECM1 protein (64 of 86 positive; 74% [65-84]). Only six (7% [2-13]) of 85 control serum samples were positive. Affinity-purified IgG from serum of patients with lichen sclerosus labelled skin similarly to a polyclonal antibody to ECM1. The positive staining was blocked by preabsorption with excess recombinant ECM1 protein. INTERPRETATION These findings provide evidence for a specific humoral immune response to ECM1 in lichen sclerosus and offer insight into disease diagnosis, monitoring, and approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Oyama
- Department of Immunofluorescence, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Skin Sciences, Guy's, King's, and St Thomas' School of Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Hamada T, Wessagowit V, South AP, Ashton GHS, Chan I, Oyama N, Siriwattana A, Jewhasuchin P, Charuwichitratana S, Thappa DM, Jeevankumar B, Lenane P, Krafchik B, Kulthanan K, Shimizu H, Kaya TI, Erdal ME, Paradisi M, Paller AS, Seishima M, Hashimoto T, McGrath JA. Extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1) mutations in lipoid proteinosis and genotype-phenotype correlation. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:345-50. [PMID: 12603844 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The autosomal recessive disorder lipoid proteinosis results from mutations in extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), a glycoprotein expressed in several tissues (including skin) and composed of two alternatively spliced isoforms, ECM1a and ECM1b, the latter lacking exon 7 of this 10-exon gene (ECM1). To date, mutations that either affect ECM1a alone or perturb both ECM1 transcripts have been demonstrated in six cases. However, lipoid proteinosis is clinically heterogeneous with affected individuals displaying differing degrees of skin scarring and infiltration, variable signs of hoarseness and respiratory distress, and in some cases neurological abnormalities such as temporal lobe epilepsy. In this study, we sequenced ECM1 in 10 further unrelated patients with lipoid proteinosis to extend genotype-phenotype correlation and to add to the mutation database. We identified seven new homozygous nonsense or frameshift mutations: R53X (exon 3); 243delG (exon 4); 507delT (exon 6); 735delTG (exon 7); 785delA (exon 7); 892delC (exon 7) and 1190insC (exon 8), as well as two new compound heterozygous mutations: W160X/F167I (exon 6) and 542insAA/R243X (exons 6/7), none of which were found in controls. The mutation 507delT occurred in two unrelated subjects on different ECM1 haplotypes and may therefore represent a recurrent mutation in lipoid proteinosis. Taken with the previously documented mutations in ECM1, this study supports the view that exons 6 and 7 are the most common sites for ECM1 mutations in lipoid proteinosis. Clinically, it appears that mutations outside exon 7 are usually associated with a slightly more severe mucocutaneous lipoid proteinosis phenotype, but neurological features do not show any specific genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hamada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology Immunofluorescence, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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