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Kaye AD, Perilloux DM, Hawkins AM, Wester GC, Ragaland AR, Hebert SV, Kim J, Heisler M, Kelkar RA, Chami AA, Shekoohi S, Kaye AM. Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin Modulators for Pathologic Pain States: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther 2024; 13:481-493. [PMID: 38724743 PMCID: PMC11111651 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-024-00603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, a complex and debilitating condition, involves intricate interactions between central and peripheral inflammatory processes. Cytokines, specifically tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukins (IL), are key mediators in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain states. Sensory neurons expressing receptors for cytokines like TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 are implicated in peripheral sensitization, contributing to increased signaling of painful sensations. The potential of targeting TNF and IL for therapeutic intervention in chronic pain states is the focus of this review, with preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of TNF and IL modulators for pain management. The physiological and pathological roles of TNF in neuropathic pain is complex. Experimental evidence highlights the effectiveness of TNF modulation in mitigating pain symptoms in animal models and displays promising outcomes of clinical trials with TNF inhibitors, such as infliximab and etanercept. ILs, a diverse group of cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17, are discussed for their contributions to chronic pain through inflammation and peripheral sensitization. Specific IL modulators, such as secukinumab and tocilizumab, have shown potential in managing chronic neuropathic pain, as demonstrated in various studies and clinical trials. The pharmacokinetics, safety profiles, and challenges associated with TNF and IL modulators highlight the need for cautious medication monitoring in clinical practice. Comparative evaluations have revealed distinct efficacy and safety profiles among different cytokine modulators, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches based on the specific underlying causes of pain. Further research is necessary to elucidate the intricate mechanisms by which cytokines contribute to chronic pain, as well as to understand why they may affect pain differently in various contexts. Additionally, long-term safety profiles of cytokine modulators require more thorough investigation. This continued exploration holds the promise of enhancing our comprehension of cytokine modulation in chronic pain and shaping more potent therapeutic strategies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Dominique M Perilloux
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Alison M Hawkins
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Grace C Wester
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Amanda R Ragaland
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Sage V Hebert
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Julian Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Michael Heisler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Rucha A Kelkar
- School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Azem A Chami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Adam M Kaye
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
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2
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Zhang C, Li Y, Yu Y, Li Z, Xu X, Talifu Z, Liu W, Yang D, Gao F, Wei S, Zhang L, Gong H, Peng R, Du L, Li J. Impact of inflammation and Treg cell regulation on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334828. [PMID: 38348031 PMCID: PMC10859493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe neurological trauma that can frequently lead to neuropathic pain. During the initial stages following spinal cord injury, inflammation plays a critical role; however, excessive inflammation can exacerbate pain. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have a crucial function in regulating inflammation and alleviating neuropathic pain. Treg cells release suppressor cytokines and modulate the function of other immune cells to suppress the inflammatory response. Simultaneously, inflammation impedes Treg cell activity, further intensifying neuropathic pain. Therefore, suppressing the inflammatory response while enhancing Treg cell regulatory function may provide novel therapeutic avenues for treating neuropathic pain resulting from spinal cord injury. This review comprehensively describes the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response and Treg cell regulation subsequent to spinal cord injury, with a specific focus on exploring the potential mechanisms through which Treg cells regulate neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. The insights gained from this review aim to provide new concepts and a rationale for the therapeutic prospects and direction of cell therapy in spinal cord injury-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wubo Liu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Degang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wei
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Run Peng
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Chen JTC, Hu X, Otto IUC, Schürger C, von Bieberstein BR, Doppler K, Krug SM, Hankir MK, Blasig R, Sommer C, Brack A, Blasig IE, Rittner HL. Myelin barrier breakdown, mechanical hypersensitivity, and painfulness in polyneuropathy with claudin-12 deficiency. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106246. [PMID: 37527762 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-nerve and myelin barrier shield peripheral neurons and their axons. These barriers are sealed by tight junction proteins, which control the passage of potentially noxious molecules including proinflammatory cytokines via paracellular pathways. Peripheral nerve barrier breakdown occurs in various neuropathies, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and traumatic neuropathy. Here, we studied the functional role of the tight junction protein claudin-12 in regulating peripheral nerve barrier integrity and CIDP pathogenesis. METHODS Sections from sural nerve biopsies from 23 patients with CIDP and non-inflammatory idiopathic polyneuropathy (PNP) were analyzed for claudin-12 and -19 immunoreactivity. Cldn12-KO mice were generated and subjected to the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathy. These mice were then characterized using a battery of barrier and behavioral tests, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mRNA/protein expression. In phenotype rescue experiments, the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα was neutralized with the anti-TNFα antibody etanercept; the peripheral nerve barrier was stabilized with the sonic hedgehog agonist smoothened (SAG). RESULTS Compared to those without pain, patients with painful neuropathy exhibited reduced claudin-12 expression independently of fiber loss. Accordingly, global Cldn12-KO in male mice, but not fertile female mice, selectively caused mechanical allodynia associated with a leaky myelin barrier, increased TNFα, decreased sonic hedgehog (SHH), and loss of small axons accompanied by reduced peripheral myelin protein 22 (Pmp22). Other barriers and neurological functions remained intact. The Cldn12-KO phenotype could be rescued either by neutralizing TNFα with etanercept or stabilizing the barrier with SAG, which both also upregulated the Schwann cell barrier proteins Cldn19 and Pmp22. CONCLUSION These results point to a critical role for claudin-12 in maintaining the myelin barrier presumably via Pmp22 and highlight restoration of the hedgehog pathway as a potential treatment strategy for painful inflammatory neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Tsung-Chieh Chen
- University Hospital Würzburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiawei Hu
- University Hospital Würzburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabel U C Otto
- University Hospital Würzburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Schürger
- University Hospital Würzburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Rogalla von Bieberstein
- University Hospital Würzburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Doppler
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Neurology, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammed K Hankir
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of General, Transplantation, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rosel Blasig
- Leibnitz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Departments of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommer
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Neurology, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Brack
- University Hospital Würzburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingolf E Blasig
- Leibnitz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Departments of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike L Rittner
- University Hospital Würzburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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4
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Dou X, Chen R, Yang J, Dai M, Long J, Sun S, Lin Y. The potential role of T-cell metabolism-related molecules in chronic neuropathic pain after nerve injury: a narrative review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107298. [PMID: 37266437 PMCID: PMC10229812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common type of chronic pain, primarily caused by peripheral nerve injury. Different T-cell subtypes play various roles in neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve damage. Peripheral nerve damage can lead to co-infiltration of neurons and other inflammatory cells, thereby altering the cellular microenvironment and affecting cellular metabolism. By elaborating on the above, we first relate chronic pain to T-cell energy metabolism. Then we summarize the molecules that have affected T-cell energy metabolism in the past five years and divide them into two categories. The first category could play a role in neuropathic pain, and we explain their roles in T-cell function and chronic pain, respectively. The second category has not yet been involved in neuropathic pain, and we focus on how they affect T-cell function by influencing T-cell metabolism. By discussing the above content, this review provides a reference for studying the direct relationship between chronic pain and T-cell metabolism and searching for potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic pain on the level of T-cell energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juexi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maosha Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhao Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Reviewing the Potential Links between Viral Infections and TDP-43 Proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021581. [PMID: 36675095 PMCID: PMC9867397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) was discovered in 2001 as a cellular factor capable to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression. Successively, it was brought to new life as the most prevalent RNA-binding protein involved in several neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Despite the fact that these two research areas could be considered very distant from each other, in recent years an increasing number of publications pointed out the existence of a potentially important connection. Indeed, the ability of TDP-43 to act as an important regulator of all aspects of RNA metabolism makes this protein also a critical factor during expression of viral RNAs. Here, we summarize all recent observations regarding the involvement of TDP-43 in viral entry, replication and latency in several viruses that include enteroviruses (EVs), Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), West Nile virus (WNV), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV). In particular, in this work, we aimed to highlight the presence of similarities with the most commonly studied TDP-43 related neuronal dysfunctions.
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6
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Mázala-de-Oliveira T, Jannini de Sá YAP, Carvalho VDF. Impact of gut-peripheral nervous system axis on the development of diabetic neuropathy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220197. [PMID: 36946851 PMCID: PMC10027071 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by a reduction in the production and/or action of insulin, with consequent development of hyperglycemia. Diabetic patients, especially those who develop neuropathy, presented dysbiosis, with an increase in the proportion of pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in the butyrate-producing bacteria. Due to this dysbiosis, diabetic patients presented a weakness of the intestinal permeability barrier and high bacterial product translocation to the bloodstream, in parallel to a high circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. In this context, we propose here that dysbiosis-induced increased systemic levels of bacterial products, like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, by Schwann cells and spinal cord of diabetics, being crucial for the development of neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- + Corresponding author:
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7
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Neuroimmune Mechanisms Underlying Neuropathic Pain: The Potential Role of TNF-α-Necroptosis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137191. [PMID: 35806192 PMCID: PMC9266916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune mechanism underlying neuropathic pain has been extensively studied. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that drives cytokine storm and stimulates a cascade of other cytokines in pain-related pathways, induces and modulates neuropathic pain by facilitating peripheral (primary afferents) and central (spinal cord) sensitization. Functionally, TNF-α controls the balance between cell survival and death by inducing an inflammatory response and two programmed cell death mechanisms (apoptosis and necroptosis). Necroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is receiving increasing attraction and may trigger neuroinflammation to promote neuropathic pain. Chronic pain is often accompanied by adverse pain-associated emotional reactions and cognitive disorders. Overproduction of TNF-α in supraspinal structures such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus plays an important role in pain-associated emotional disorders and memory deficits and also participates in the modulation of pain transduction. At present, studies reporting on the role of the TNF-α–necroptosis pathway in pain-related disorders are lacking. This review indicates the important research prospects of this pathway in pain modulation based on its role in anxiety, depression and memory deficits associated with other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we have summarized studies related to the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain mediated by TNF-α and discussed the role of the TNF-α–necroptosis pathway in detail, which may represent an avenue for future therapeutic intervention.
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8
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Olaseinde OF, Owoyele BV. Chondroitin and glucosamine sulphate reduced proinflammatory molecules in the DRG and improved axonal function of injured sciatic nerve of rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3196. [PMID: 35210446 PMCID: PMC8873476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is an abnormality resulting from lesion or damage to parts of the somatosensory nervous system. It is linked to defective quality of life and often poorly managed. Due to the limited number of approved drugs, limited efficacy and side effects associated with the approved drugs, drugs or drug combinations with great efficacy and very minimal or no side effects will be of great advantage in managing NP. This study aimed at investigating the synergistic antinociceptive effects of the combination of glucosamine sulphate (GS) (240 mg/kg) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) (900 mg/kg) in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathy in rats. Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly distributed into seven groups (n = 6). Sciatic nerve was ligated with four loose ligatures to induce NP. Effects of drugs were examined on stimulus and non-stimulus evoked potentials, expression of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) pain modulators and structural architecture of DRG. Oral administration of GS and CS for 21 days reduced hyperalgesia, allodynia, sciatic nerve functional aberration and DRG pain modulators. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed restoration of structural integrity of DRG. Our result showed that the combination of GS and CS produced antinociceptive effects by attenuating hyperalgesia, allodynia and downregulation of NP mediators. GS and CS additionally produced synergistic analgesic effect over its individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutayo Folajimi Olaseinde
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria.
| | - Bamidele Victor Owoyele
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria.
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9
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Sadri M, Hirosawa N, Le J, Romero H, Martellucci S, Kwon HJ, Pizzo D, Ohtori S, Gonias SL, Campana WM. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 is selectively sequestered into Schwann cell extracellular vesicles where it functions as a TNFα decoy. Glia 2022; 70:256-272. [PMID: 34559433 PMCID: PMC10656730 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are known to produce extracellular vesicles (EV) that participate in cell-cell communication by transferring cargo to target cells, including mRNAs, microRNAs, and biologically active proteins. Herein, we report a novel mechanism whereby SC EVs may regulate PNS physiology, especially in injury, by controlling the activity of TNFα. SCs actively sequester tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) into EVs at high density, accounting for about 2% of the total protein in SC EVs (~1000 copies TNFR1/EV). Although TNFR2 was robustly expressed by SCs in culture, TNFR2 was excluded from SC EVs. SC EV TNFR1 bound TNFα, decreasing the concentration of free TNFα available to bind to cells and thus served as a TNFα decoy. SC EV TNFR1 significantly inhibited TNFα-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in cultured SCs. When TNFR1 was proteolytically removed from SC EVs using tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) or neutralized with antibody, the ability of TNFα to activate p38 MAPK in the presence of these EVs was restored. As further evidence of its decoy activity, SC EV TNFR1 modified TNFα activities in vitro including: (1) regulation of expression of other cytokines; (2) effects on SC morphology; and (3) effects on SC viability. SC EVs also modified the effects of TNFα on sciatic nerve morphology and neuropathic pain-related behavior in vivo. By sequestering TNFR1 in EVs, SCs may buffer against the potentially toxic effects of TNFα. SC EVs provide a novel mechanism for the spatial and temporal regulation of neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrou Sadri
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Naoya Hirosawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate School in Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jasmine Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Haylie Romero
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hyo Jun Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Donald Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate School in Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Steven L. Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wendy M. Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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10
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Maguire AD, Bethea JR, Kerr BJ. TNFα in MS and Its Animal Models: Implications for Chronic Pain in the Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:780876. [PMID: 34938263 PMCID: PMC8686517 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.780876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease often accompanied by severe chronic pain. The most common type of pain in MS, called neuropathic pain, arises from disease processes affecting the peripheral and central nervous systems. It is incredibly difficult to study these processes in patients, so animal models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice are used to dissect the complex mechanisms of neuropathic pain in MS. The pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a critical factor mediating neuropathic pain identified by these animal studies. The TNF signaling pathway is complex, and can lead to cell death, inflammation, or survival. In complex diseases such as MS, signaling through the TNFR1 receptor tends to be pro-inflammation and death, whereas signaling through the TNFR2 receptor is pro-homeostatic. However, most TNFα-targeted therapies indiscriminately block both arms of the pathway, and thus are not therapeutic in MS. This review explores pain in MS, inflammatory TNF signaling, the link between the two, and how it could be exploited to develop more effective TNFα-targeting pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn D Maguire
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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11
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Lu ZY, Fan J, Yu LH, Ma B, Cheng LM. The Up-regulation of TNF-α Maintains Trigeminal Neuralgia by Modulating MAPKs Phosphorylation and BKCa Channels in Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:764141. [PMID: 34899191 PMCID: PMC8657151 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.764141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe chronic neuropathic pain. Despite numerous available medical interventions, the therapeutic effects are not ideal. To control the pain attacks, the need for more contemporary drugs continues to be a real challenge. Our previous study reported that Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) channels modulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons play crucial roles in regulating TN, and some research studies demonstrated that inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) could promote neuropathic pain. Meanwhile, the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), the first central site of the trigeminal nociceptive pathway, is responsible for processing sensory and pain signals from the peripheral orofacial area. Thus, this study is aimed to further investigate whether TNF-α and MAPKs phosphorylation in the TNC could mediate the pathogenesis of TN by modulating BKCa channels. The results showed that TNF-α of the TNC region is upregulated significantly in the chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) rats model, which displayed persistent facial mechanical allodynia. The normal rats with target injection of exogenous TNF-α to the fourth brain ventricle behaved just like the ION-CCI model rats, the orofacial mechanical pain threshold decreased clearly. Meanwhile, the exogenous TNF-α increased the action potential frequency and reduced the BKCa currents of TNC neurons significantly, which could be reversed by U0126 and SB203580, the inhibitors of MAPK. In addition, U0126, SB203580, and another MAPK inhibitor SP600125 could relieve the facial mechanical allodynia by being injected into the fourth brain ventricle of ION-CCI model rats, respectively. Taken together, our work suggests that the upregulation of TNF-α in the TNC region would cause the increase of MAPKs phosphorylation and then the negative regulation of BKCa channels, resulting in the TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ying Lu
- Experimental Training Center of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Experimental Training Center of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hua Yu
- Experimental Training Center of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Experimental Training Center of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Baka P, Escolano-Lozano F, Birklein F. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers in painful diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:108017. [PMID: 34389235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis to determine whether painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with a specific inflammatory profile. METHODS The study is based on the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews. We performed a search of published studies up until January 2021 in MEDLINE and Web of Science based on heading and free text terms. The search strategy included the phrases: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, painful peripheral neuropathy individually and in combination with the terms: inflammation and inflammatory biomarkers. We screened titles and abstracts and performed data extraction. We also manually searched the article titles in the reference lists of key studies and reviews published in the last 20 years. DATA EXTRACTION Data extracted from the studies included study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample type including serum and plasma, source of the sample including patients with peripheral diabetic neuropathy or patients with painful and painless neuropathy of any etiology. Blood concentrations of all measured cytokines were recorded. Whenever possible we calculated the effect size and confidence interval. Non-human studies were excluded from the meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. The study design was cross-sectional, case control or cohort type studies. Specific inflammatory mediators are significantly higher in painful than in painless diabetic neuropathy as well as in painful neuropathies of any etiology. Markers of inflammation are also increased in those patients with diabetes mellitus, who suffer from peripheral neuropathy in comparison to patients with diabetes mellitus but no signs of peripheral neuropathy. A proinflammatory state may be the common denominator of pain and peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus but the inflammatory profiles seem to differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panoraia Baka
- University Hospital Mainz, Neurology Department, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Frank Birklein
- University Hospital Mainz, Neurology Department, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Jin Y, Wei S, Liu TT, Qiu CY, Hu WP. Acute P38-Mediated Enhancement of P2X3 Receptor Currents by TNF-α in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2841-2850. [PMID: 34234509 PMCID: PMC8254564 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s315774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and involves in a variety of pain conditions. Some findings suggest that TNF-α may act directly on primary afferent neurons to induce acute pain hypersensitivity through non-transcriptional regulation. This study investigated whether TNF-α had an effect on functional activity of P2X3 receptors in primary sensory neurons. Herein, we report that a brief (5 min) application of TNF-α rapidly enhanced the electrophysiological activity of P2X3 receptors in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Methods Electrophysiological recordings were carried out on rat DRG neurons, and nociceptive behavior was quantified in rats. Results A brief (5 min) exposure of TNF-α rapidly increased P2X3 receptor-mediated and α,β-methylene-ATP (α,β-meATP)-evoked inward currents in a dose-dependent manner. The potentiation of P2X3 receptor-mediated ATP currents by TNF-α was voltage-independent. TNF-α shifted the concentration-response curve for α,β-meATP upwards, with an increase of 31.57 ± 6.81% in the maximal current response to α,β-meATP. This acute potentiation of ATP currents by TNF-α was blocked by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB202190, but not by non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, suggesting involvement of p38 MAPK, but not cyclooxygenase. Moreover, intraplantar injection of TNF-α and α,β-meATP produced a synergistic effect on mechanical allodynia in rats. TNF-α-induced mechanical allodynia was also alleviated after local P2X3 receptors were blocked. Conclusion These results suggested that TNF-α rapidly sensitized P2X3 receptors in primary sensory neurons via a p38 MAPK dependent pathway, which revealed a novel peripheral mechanism underlying acute mechanical hypersensitivity by peripheral administration of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang Z, Song K, Zhao W, Zhao Z. Dendritic cells in tumor microenvironment promoted the neuropathic pain via paracrine inflammatory and growth factors. Bioengineered 2021; 11:661-678. [PMID: 32434423 PMCID: PMC8291888 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1771068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain associated with cancers was caused by tumor itself or tumor therapy, which was aggravated by sensitizing nociceptor sensory neurons. The tumor microenvironment contributed to tumorigenesis, tumor progress, tumor metastasis, tumor immune resistance, tumor chemotherapy, and tumor immunotherapy. In the current study, we explored the contributions of the infiltrated dendritic cells insulted by Wnt1 in tumor microenvironment to neuropathic pain associated with cancers. The different transcriptome of infiltrated dendritic cells from lung adenocarcinoma and from juxtatumor indicated that thousands of genes were up-regulated by the tumor microenvironment, some of which were enriched in pain pathway. The paracrine factors such as TNF, WNT10A, PDGFA, and NRG1 were also elevated in tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells. The receptors of paracrine factors were highly expressed on dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and not altered in pain conditions. Single-cell RNA-seq data unveiled that TNFSF1 was expressed in neurons, microglial cells, and endothelial cells. PDGFRA was only expressed in microglial cells. ERBB3 was only expressed in neurons. FZD1 and 3 were extensively expressed in various cells. The components composed of signaling pathways associated with the above paracrine factors participated in pain networks. The transcription factors activated by paracrine factor signaling regulated the expression of genes associated with pain. TNF, WNT10A, and PDGFA were extensively expressed in multiple cancers, but their expression in patients did not distribute normally. These data indicated that infiltrated dendritic cells in tumor microenvironment promoted neuropathic pain by sensitizing nociceptor sensory neurons via paracrine factors. Blockage of paracrine factor signaling might alleviate cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Tianjin First Center Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- School of the Fourth Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital) , Taizhou, China
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15
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Lu HJ, Fu YY, Wei QQ, Zhang ZJ. Neuroinflammation in HIV-Related Neuropathic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653852. [PMID: 33959022 PMCID: PMC8093869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection around the world, chronic complications are becoming a new problem along with the prolonged life expectancy. Chronic pain is widespread in HIV infected patients and even affects those with a low viral load undergoing long-term treatment with antiviral drugs, negatively influencing the adherence to disease management and quality of life. A large proportion of chronic pain is neuropathic pain, which defined as chronic pain caused by nervous system lesions or diseases, presenting a series of nervous system symptoms including both positive and negative signs. Injury caused by HIV protein, central and peripheral sensitization, and side effects of antiretroviral therapy lead to neuroinflammation, which is regarded as a maladaptive mechanism originally serving to promote regeneration and healing, constituting the main mechanism of HIV-related neuropathic pain. Gp120, as HIV envelope protein, has been found to be the major toxin that induces neuropathic pain. Particularly, the microglia, releasing numerous pro-inflammatory substances (such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6), not only sensitize the neurons but also are the center part of the crosstalk bridging the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes together forming the central sensitization during HIV infection, which is not discussed detailly in recent reviews. In the meantime, some NRTIs and PIs exacerbate the neuroinflammation response. In this review, we highlight the importance of clarifying the mechanism of HIV-related neuropathic pain, and discuss about the limitation of the related studies as future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Jun Lu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian-Qi Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Tibet Military Command, Xizang, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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16
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Wei S, Qiu CY, Jin Y, Liu TT, Hu WP. TNF-α acutely enhances acid-sensing ion channel currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons via a p38 MAPK pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:92. [PMID: 33853615 PMCID: PMC8048296 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in pain processing and hypersensitivity. It regulates not only the expression of a variety of inflammatory mediators but also the functional activity of some ion channels. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), as key sensors for extracellular protons, are expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons and contribute to pain signaling caused by tissue acidosis. It is still unclear whether TNF-α has an effect on functional activity of ASICs. Herein, we reported that a brief exposure of TNF-α acutely sensitized ASICs in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Methods Electrophysiological experiments on rat DRG neurons were performed in vitro and acetic acid induced nociceptive behavior quantified in vitro. Results A brief (5min) application of TNF-α rapidly enhanced ASIC-mediated currents in rat DRG neurons. TNF-α (0.1-10 ng/ml) dose-dependently increased the proton-evoked ASIC currents with an EC50 value of 0.12 ± 0.01 nM. TNF-α shifted the concentration-response curve of proton upwards with a maximal current response increase of 42.34 ± 7.89%. In current-clamp recording, an acute application of TNF-α also significantly increased acid-evoked firing in rat DRG neurons. The rapid enhancement of ASIC-mediated electrophysiological activity by TNF-α was prevented by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB202190, but not by non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, suggesting that p38 MAPK is necessary for this enhancement. Behaviorally, TNF-α exacerbated acid-induced nociceptive behaviors in rats via activation of local p38 MAPK pathway. Conclusions These results suggest that TNF-α rapidly enhanced ASIC-mediated functional activity via a p38 MAPK pathway, which revealed a novel peripheral mechanism underlying TNF-α involvement in rapid hyperalgesia by sensitizing ASICs in primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wei
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, PR China.,Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying Jin
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, PR China.
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17
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Wu CH, Wu MK, Lu CC, Tsai HP, Lu YY, Lin CL. Impact of Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor Blockade on Resiniferatoxin-Induced Neuropathy. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8854461. [PMID: 33727914 PMCID: PMC7937473 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8854461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resiniferatoxin is an ultrapotent capsaicin analog that mediates nociceptive processing; treatment with resiniferatoxin can cause an inflammatory response and, ultimately, neuropathic pain. Hepatoma-derived growth factor, a growth factor related to normal development, is associated with neurotransmitters surrounding neurons and glial cells. Therefore, the study aims to investigate how blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor affects the inflammatory response in neuropathic pain. Serum hepatoma-derived growth factor protein expression was measured via ELISA. Resiniferatoxin was administrated intraperitoneally to induce neuropathic pain in 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into three groups (resiniferatoxin+recombinant hepatoma-derived growth factor antibody group, resiniferatoxin group, and control group) (n = 12/group). The mechanical threshold response was tested with calibration forceps. Cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect apoptosis of neuron cells and proliferation of astrocytes in the spinal cord dorsal horn. RT-PCR technique and western blot were used to measure detect inflammatory factors and protein expressions. Serum hepatoma-derived growth factor protein expression was higher in the patients with sciatica compared to controls. In resiniferatoxin-group rats, protein expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor was higher than controls. Blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor improved the mechanical threshold response in rats. In dorsal root ganglion, blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor inhibited inflammatory cytokines. In the spinal cord dorsal horn, blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor inhibited proliferation of astrocyte, apoptosis of neuron cells, and attenuated expressions of pain-associated proteins. The experiment showed that blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor can prevent neuropathic pain and may be a useful alternative to conventional analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kung Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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18
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Pongratz G. [Pain in rheumatic diseases : What can biologics and JAK inhibitors offer?]. Z Rheumatol 2021; 80:214-225. [PMID: 33443608 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Persistent pain despite adequate inflammation control poses a big challenge in many rheumatic diseases for patients as well as physicians. The focus of drug development over the past years was on anti-inflammatory therapies. Enormous progress has been made and several treatment options have been added. It has been observed that pain triggered by inflammation can be effectively treated by inflammation control; however, the chronic pain component remains a problem, is little studied and specific treatment options are missing. Pain is influenced by inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, which act on peripheral nociceptors and lead to peripheral sensitization. If inflammation continues, this can potentially lead to central sensitization and chronification of pain via immigration of immune cells and/or local activation of e.g. microglia. This leads to increasing autonomization and uncoupling of pain from the actual inflammatory process. The present review deals with the question if bDMARD or tsDMARD also show benefits concerning pain processes in addition to the profound inhibitory effects on inflammation. There are preclinical data that show an influence on sensitization following the use of cytokine inhibitors. On the other hand, so far clinical data show that bDMARDs as well as tsDMARDs consistently rapidly and reliably reduce nociceptive inflammatory pain across disease entities. An effect especially on the process of central sensitization and therefore on chronification of pain cannot be finally evaluated based on the currently available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pongratz
- Poliklink, Funktionsbereich und Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
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19
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Speltz R, Lunzer MM, Shueb SS, Akgün E, Reed R, Kalyuzhny A, Portoghese PS, Simone DA. The bivalent ligand, MMG22, reduces neuropathic pain after nerve injury without the side effects of traditional opioids. Pain 2020; 161:2041-2057. [PMID: 32345918 PMCID: PMC7606301 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Functional interactions between the mu opioid receptor (MOR) and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in pain and analgesia have been well established. MMG22 is a bivalent ligand containing MOR agonist (oxymorphamine) and mGluR5 antagonist (MPEP) pharmacophores tethered by a 22-atom linker. MMG22 has been shown to produce potent analgesia in several models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain (NP). This study assessed the efficacy of systemic administration of MMG22 at reducing pain behavior in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of NP in mice, as well as its side-effect profile and abuse potential. MMG22 reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and spontaneous ongoing pain after SNI, with greater potency early (10 days) as compared to late (30 days) after injury. Systemic administration of MMG22 did not induce place preference in naive animals, suggesting absence of abuse liability when compared to traditional opioids. MMG22 also lacked the central locomotor, respiratory, and anxiolytic side effects of its monomeric pharmacophores. Evaluation of mRNA expression showed the transcripts for both receptors were colocalized in cells in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Thus, MMG22 reduces hyperalgesia after injury in the SNI model of NP without the typical centrally mediated side effects associated with traditional opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Speltz
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mary M Lunzer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah S Shueb
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Eyup Akgün
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Alex Kalyuzhny
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Philip S Portoghese
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Donald A Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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20
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Fischer R, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K. Selective Targeting of TNF Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:401. [PMID: 32528961 PMCID: PMC7264106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central regulator of immunity. Due to its dominant pro-inflammatory effects, drugs that neutralize TNF were developed and are clinically used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. However, despite their clinical success the use of anti-TNF drugs is limited, in part due to unwanted, severe side effects and in some diseases its use even is contraindicative. With gaining knowledge about the signaling mechanisms of TNF and the differential role of the two TNF receptors (TNFR), alternative therapeutic concepts based on receptor selective intervention have led to the development of novel protein therapeutics targeting TNFR1 with antagonists and TNFR2 with agonists. These antibodies and bio-engineered ligands are currently in preclinical and early clinical stages of development. Preclinical data obtained in different disease models show that selective targeting of TNFRs has therapeutic potential and may be superior to global TNF blockade in several disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Fujino K, Yokota A, Ohno K, Hirofuji S, Neo M. Impairment and restoration of the blood-nerve barrier and its correlation with pain following gradual nerve elongation of the rat sciatic nerve. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:254-263. [PMID: 32167000 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1738430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the time course of impairment and restoration of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) following gradual elongation of the sciatic nerve and to clarify its association with nociception.Materials and Methods: The right femur was lengthened at a rate of 1.5 mm/day for 10 days. Von Frey tests were performed until 50 days after lengthening. Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were measured to assess gross dysfunction of the elongated nerve. Evans blue-albumin tracing and immunohistochemistry for endothelial barrier antigen (EBA), rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), and CD68 for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the BNB and macrophage infiltration were performed for up to 50 days after cessation of lengthening in three segments of the sciatic nerves.Results: Paw-withdrawal threshold was significantly decreased at 7 days from initiation and began to recover from day 25 after lengthening. CMAPs showed delayed latency and attenuated amplitude but recovered at day 30 after cessation. On days 10 and 30 after cessation, spotted leakage of Evans blue-albumin in the endoneurium was observed, and the ratio of EBA/RECA-1-positive microvessels was significantly decreased, which subsequently recovered simultaneously in all segments on day 50 after cessation. Macrophages did not infiltrate the BNB at any time point.Conclusion: The restoration of BNB function following gradual nerve elongation was associated with the resolution of mechanical allodynia. Our findings provide insight into the association between nerve stretch injury and chronic nociception in adult male rats, which are potentially relevant to human orthopedic procedures and chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Fujino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokota
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ohno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Hirofuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Neo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Abstract
Neuroma formation occurs because of some degree of nerve injury followed by improper intrinsic nerve repair. The cause of neuroma pain is incompletely understood, but appears to be multifactorial in nature, including local and system changes. A comprehensive understanding of nerve anatomy, injury, and repair techniques should be used when dealing with neuroma formation and its physical manifestations. Diagnosis of neuroma is clinically characterized by pain associated with scar, altered sensation within the given nerve distribution, and a Tinel sign. The pathophysiology of neuroma formation is reviewed.
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Abstract
Injury typically results in the development of neuropathic pain, but the pain normally decreases and disappears in paralleled with wound healing. The pain results from cells resident at, and recruited to, the injury site releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators leading to the development of pro-inflammatory environment and causing nociceptive neurons to develop chronic ectopic electrical activity, which underlies neuropathic pain. The pain decreases as some of the cells that induce pro-inflammation, changing their phenotype leading to the blocking the release of pro-inflammatory mediators while releasing anti-inflammatory mediators, and blocking nociceptive neuron chronic spontaneous electrical activity. Often, despite apparent wound healing, the neuropathic pain becomes chronic. This raises the question of how chronic pain can be eliminated. While many of the cells and mediators contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain are known, a better understanding is required of how the injury site environment can be controlled to permanently eliminate the pro-inflammatory environment and silence the chronically electrically active nociceptive neurons. This paper examines how methods that can promote the transition of the pro-inflammatory injury site to an anti-inflammatory state, by changing the composition of local cell types, modifying the activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory receptors, inducing the release of anti-inflammatory mediators, and silencing the chronically electrically active nociceptive neurons. It also examines the hypothesis that factors released from platelet-rich plasma applied to chronic pain sites can permanently eliminate chronic inflammation and its associated chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR, 00901, USA.
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Kuffler DP. Injury-Induced Effectors of Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:51-66. [PMID: 31701439 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Injuries typically result in the development of neuropathic pain, which decreases in parallel with wound healing. However, the pain may remain after the injury appears to have healed, which is generally associated with an ongoing underlying pro-inflammatory state. Injury induces many cells to release factors that contribute to the development of a pro-inflammatory state, which is considered an essential first step towards wound healing. However, pain elimination requires a transition of the injury site from pro- to anti-inflammatory. Therefore, developing techniques that eliminate chronic pain require an understanding of the cells resident at and recruited to injury sites, the factors they release, that promote a pro-inflammatory state, and promote the subsequent transition of that site to be anti-inflammatory. Although a relatively large number of cells, factors, and gene expression changes are involved in these processes, it may be possible to control a relatively small number of them leading to the reduction and elimination of chronic neuropathic pain. This first of two papers examines the roles of the most salient cells and mediators associated with the development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. The following paper examines the cells and mediators involved in reducing and eliminating chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR, 00901, USA.
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25
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Trier AM, Mack MR, Kim BS. The Neuroimmune Axis in Skin Sensation, Inflammation, and Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:2829-2835. [PMID: 31061146 PMCID: PMC6563610 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although connections between the immune and nervous systems have long been recognized, the precise mechanisms that underlie this relationship are just starting to be elucidated. Advances in sensory biology have unveiled novel mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines promote itch and pain sensations to coordinate host-protective behavioral responses. Conversely, new evidence has emphasized the importance of immune cell regulation by sensory neurons. By focusing on itch biology and how it has been informed by the more established field of pain research, we highlight recent interdisciplinary studies that demonstrate how novel neuroimmune interactions underlie a diversity of sensory, inflammatory, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Trier
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Madison R Mack
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brian S Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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26
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Mazaki A, Orita S, Inage K, Suzuki M, Abe K, Shiga Y, Inoue M, Norimoto M, Umimura T, Ohtori S, Yamauchi K. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Produced by Osteoclasts Might Induce Intractable Pain in a Rat Spinal Metastasis Model of Breast Cancer. Spine Surg Relat Res 2019; 3:261-266. [PMID: 31440686 PMCID: PMC6698511 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2018-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Causes of pain due to spinal metastases have been insufficiently investigated. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were the focus of this study. Both are known as proinflammatory cytokines associated with the pathophysiology of pain syndromes1). It is well known that cancer cells produce these cytokines, but whether osteoclasts produce them as well remains unclear. We hypothesize that osteoclasts produce these cytokines; in other words, pain from spinal metastasis is stronger than pain from the primary tumor. Methods We made a rat spinal metastasis model of breast cancer (metastasis group) and models with a hole in the vertebrae (puncture group) and resected the vertebrae. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to reconfirm that osteoclasts increase in vertebrae with spinal metastasis. We then evaluated TNF-α and IL-6 expression using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The results of TRAP staining showed that osteoclasts increase in metastatic vertebrae. The osteoclasts in the puncture models were TNF-α negative but were TNF-α positive in the metastasis model. The osteoclasts in the puncture models and metastasis model were both IL-6 positive. According to the real-time PCR results, TNF-α in vertebrae increased in the metastasis model, but IL-6 did not increase in the metastasis model compared with in the puncture model. Conclusions The number of osteoclasts is higher in the metastasis model. While TNF in the osteoclasts increased in the spinal metastasis model, IL-6 did not. This probably means that breast cancer affects TNF production in osteoclasts. This increase of TNF-α may lead to pain from spinal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Mazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyako Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohki Abe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shiga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Norimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Umimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Yamauchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Chung AM. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP): role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:369-376. [PMID: 29216010 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that has an important anti-inflammatory role in the immune system. Research has shown that CGRP is an integral part in peripheral nerve regeneration by (1) suppressing tumor necrosis factor-α, (2) forming an initial nerve bridge by increasing fibroblast motility and extracellular matrix synthesis, (3) vascularizing the spinal cord injury site, and (4) inducing Schwann cell (SC) proliferation. In this treatise, the following hypotheses will be explored: (1) CGRP is induced by c-Jun to regulate SC dedifferentiation, (2) CGRP promotes the chemotaxic migration of SCs along the nerve bridge, and (3) CGRP induces myelinophagy by activating various signaling pathways, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These processes provide a framework for understanding the role of CGRP in peripheral nerve regeneration, which may be important in developing better strategies for nerve repair and gaining further insight into demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Chung
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0552, USA
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28
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Liu Q, Wu Q, Zeng Z, Xia L, Huang Y. Clinical effect and mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion on occupational hand-arm vibration disease: A retrospective study. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Spinal RNF20-Mediated Histone H2B Monoubiquitylation Regulates mGluR5 Transcription for Neuropathic Allodynia. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9160-9174. [PMID: 30201771 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1069-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub), a mark associated with transcriptional elongation and ongoing transcription, has not been linked to the development or maintenance of neuropathic pain states. Here, using male Sprague Dawley rats, we demonstrated spinal nerve ligation (SNL) induced behavioral allodynia and provoked ring finger protein 20 (RNF20)-dependent H2Bub in dorsal horn. Moreover, SNL provoked RNF20-mediated H2Bub phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) in the promoter fragments of mGluR5, thereby enhancing mGluR5 transcription/expression in the dorsal horn. Conversely, focal knockdown of spinal RNF20 expression reversed not only SNL-induced allodynia but also RNF20/H2Bub/RNAPII phosphorylation-associated spinal mGluR5 transcription/expression. Notably, TNF-α injection into naive rats and specific neutralizing antibody injection into SNL-induced allodynia rats revealed that TNF-α-associated allodynia involves the RNF20/H2Bub/RNAPII transcriptional axis to upregulate mGluR5 expression in the dorsal horn. Collectively, our findings indicated TNF-α induces RNF20-drived H2B monoubiquitination, which facilitates phosphorylated RNAPII-dependent mGluR5 transcription in the dorsal horn for the development of neuropathic allodynia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub), an epigenetic post-translational modification, positively correlated with gene expression. Here, TNF-α participated in neuropathic pain development by enhancing RNF20-mediated H2Bub, which facilitates phosphorylated RNAPII-dependent mGluR5 transcription in dorsal horn. Our finding potentially identified neuropathic allodynia pathophysiological processes underpinning abnormal nociception processing and opens a new avenue for the development of novel analgesics.
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30
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha secreted from oral squamous cell carcinoma contributes to cancer pain and associated inflammation. Pain 2018; 158:2396-2409. [PMID: 28885456 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with oral cancer report severe pain during function. Inflammation plays a role in the oral cancer microenvironment; however, the role of immune cells and associated secretion of inflammatory mediators in oral cancer pain has not been well defined. In this study, we used 2 oral cancer mouse models: a cell line supernatant injection model and the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) chemical carcinogenesis model. We used the 2 models to study changes in immune cell infiltrate and orofacial nociception associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (oSCC). Oral cancer cell line supernatant inoculation and 4NQO-induced oSCC resulted in functional allodynia and neuronal sensitization of trigeminal tongue afferent neurons. Although the infiltration of immune cells is a prominent component of both oral cancer models, our use of immune-deficient mice demonstrated that oral cancer-induced nociception was not dependent on the inflammatory component. Furthermore, the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), was identified in high concentration in oral cancer cell line supernatant and in the tongue tissue of 4NQO-treated mice with oSCC. Inhibition of TNFα signaling abolished oral cancer cell line supernatant-evoked functional allodynia and disrupted T-cell infiltration. With these data, we identified TNFα as a prominent mediator in oral cancer-induced nociception and inflammation, highlighting the need for further investigation in neural-immune communication in cancer pain.
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31
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Hsieh MC, Ho YC, Lai CY, Chou D, Chen GD, Lin TB, Peng HY. Spinal TNF-α impedes Fbxo45-dependent Munc13-1 ubiquitination to mediate neuropathic allodynia in rats. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:811. [PMID: 30042425 PMCID: PMC6057957 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic active zone proteins play a crucial role in regulating synaptic plasticity. Although the ubiquitin–proteasome system underlying the degradation of the presynaptic active zone protein is well established, the contribution of this machinery to regulating spinal plasticity during neuropathic pain development remains unclear. Here, using male Sprague Dawley rats, we demonstrated along with behavioral allodynia, neuropathic injury induced a marked elevation in the expression levels of an active zone protein Munc13-1 in the homogenate and synaptic plasma membrane of the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Moreover, nerve injury-increased Munc13-1 expression was associated with an increase in the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in ipsilateral dorsal horn neurons. This neuropathic injury-induced accumulation of Munc13-1 colocalized with synaptophysin but not homer1 in the dorsal horn. Focal knockdown of spinal Munc13-1 expression attenuated behavioral allodynia and the increased frequency, not the amplitude, of mEPSCs in neuropathic rats. Remarkably, neuropathic injury decreased spinal Fbxo45 expression, Fbxo45-Munc13-1 co-precipitation, and Munc13-1 ubiquitination in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Conversely, focal knockdown of spinal Fbxo45 expression in naive animals resulted in behavioral allodynia in association with similar protein expression and ubiquitination in the dorsal horn as observed with neuropathic injury rats. Furthermore, both neuropathic insults and intrathecal injection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) impeded spinal Fbxo45-dependent Munc13-1 ubiquitination, which was reversed by intrathecal TNF-α-neutralizing antibody. Our data revealed that spinal TNF-α impedes Fbxo45-dependent Munc13-1 ubiquitination that accumulates Munc13-1 in the presynaptic area and hence facilitates the synaptic excitability of nociceptive neurotransmission underlying neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dylan Chou
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gin-Den Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Bin Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yu Peng
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sorkin LS, Eddinger KA, Woller SA, Yaksh TL. Origins of antidromic activity in sensory afferent fibers and neurogenic inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:237-247. [PMID: 29423889 PMCID: PMC7879713 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenic inflammation results from the release of biologically active agents from the peripheral primary afferent terminal. This release reflects the presence of releasable pools of active product and depolarization-exocytotic coupling mechanisms in the distal afferent terminal and serves to alter the physiologic function of innervated organ systems ranging from the skin and meninges to muscle, bone, and viscera. Aside from direct stimulation, this biologically important release from the peripheral afferent terminal can be initiated by antidromic activity arising from five anatomically distinct points of origin: (i) afferent collaterals at the peripheral-target organ level, (ii) afferent collaterals arising proximal to the target organ, (iii) from mid-axon where afferents lacking myelin sheaths (C fibers and others following demyelinating injuries) may display crosstalk and respond to local irritation, (iv) the dorsal root ganglion itself, and (v) the central terminals of the afferent in the dorsal horn where local circuits and bulbospinal projections can initiate the so-called dorsal root reflexes, i.e., antidromic traffic in the sensory afferent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Sorkin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Kelly A Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Woller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Neuroprotective effect of liquiritin against neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:186-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hung AL, Lim M, Doshi TL. Targeting cytokines for treatment of neuropathic pain. Scand J Pain 2017; 17:287-293. [PMID: 29229214 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is a challenging condition often refractory to existing therapies. An increasing number of studies have indicated that the immune system plays a crucial role in the mediation of neuropathic pain. Exploration of the various functions of individual cytokines in neuropathic pain will provide greater insight into the mechanisms of neuropathic pain and suggest potential opportunities to expand the repertoire of treatment options. METHODS A literature review was performed to assess the role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the development of neuropathic pain. Both direct and indirect therapeutic approaches that target various cytokines for pain were reviewed. The current understanding based on preclinical and clinical studies is summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In both human and animal studies, neuropathic pain has been associated with a pro-inflammatory state. Analgesic therapies involving direct manipulation of various cytokines and indirect methods to alter the balance of the immune system have been explored, although there have been few large-scale clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of immune modulators in the treatment of neuropathic pain. TNF-α is perhaps the widely studied pro-inflammatory cytokine in the context of neuropathic pain, but other pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β) signaling molecules are garnering increased interest. With better appreciation and understanding of the interaction between the immune system and neuropathic pain, novel therapies may be developed to target this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tina L Doshi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Fischer BD, Ho C, Kuzin I, Bottaro A, O’Leary ME. Chronic exposure to tumor necrosis factor in vivo induces hyperalgesia, upregulates sodium channel gene expression and alters the cellular electrophysiology of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neurosci Lett 2017; 653:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Uslusoy F, Nazıroğlu M, Övey İS, Sönmez TT. Hypericum perforatum L. supplementation protects sciatic nerve injury-induced apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative damage to muscle, blood and brain in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 71:83-92. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study was conducted to explore whether Hypericum perforatum L. (HPL) as a potent antioxidant protects against oxidative stress, cytokine production and caspase expression in muscle (soleus), brain and blood of sciatic nerve injury (SNI)-induced rats.
Methods
Thirty-five rats were equally divided into five groups. The first and second were used as untreated control and sham control groups, respectively. The third, fourth and fifth were sham + HPL, SNI and SNI + HPL groups, respectively. The third and fifth groups received 30 mg/kg HPL via gastric gavage for 28 days.
Key findings
High levels of muscle, brain and red blood cell (RBC) lipid peroxidation, plasma cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-2), muscle PARP, caspase 3 and 9 expression levels were decreased by HPL treatments. Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, α-tocopherol and melatonin, muscle, brain and RBC reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were decreased by SNI induction, whereas their values were increased by HPL treatments. β-carotene and retinol concentrations did not change in the five groups.
Conclusion
HPL may play a role in preventing SNI-induced inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic blood, muscle and brain damages through upregulation of the GSH and GPx values but downregulation of PARP, caspase level and cytokine production in SNI-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Uslusoy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Science, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - İshak Suat Övey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Science, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Tolga Taha Sönmez
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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37
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Duffy SS, Keating BA, Perera CJ, Moalem-Taylor G. The role of regulatory T cells in nervous system pathologies. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:951-968. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Duffy
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales UNSW; Sydney Australia
| | - Brooke A. Keating
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales UNSW; Sydney Australia
| | - Chamini J. Perera
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales UNSW; Sydney Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales UNSW; Sydney Australia
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38
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Borghi SM, Fattori V, Ruiz-Miyazawa KW, Miranda-Sapla MM, Casagrande R, Pinge-Filho P, Pavanelli WR, Verri WA. Leishmania (L). amazonensis induces hyperalgesia in balb/c mice: Contribution of endogenous spinal cord TNFα and NFκB activation. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 268:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Onodera Y, Kanao-Kanda M, Kanda H, Sasakawa T, Iwasaki H, Kunisawa T. Pregnancy suppresses neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury in rats through the inhibition of TNF-α. J Pain Res 2017; 10:567-574. [PMID: 28331359 PMCID: PMC5349853 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s121810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pregnancy-induced analgesia develops during late pregnancy, but it is unclear whether this analgesia is effective against neuropathic pain. The detailed molecular mechanisms underlying pregnancy-induced analgesia have not been investigated. We examined the antinociceptive effect of pregnancy-induced analgesia in a neuropathic pain model and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba-1, and c-Fos in the spinal dorsal horn just before parturition. Materials and methods Female Sprague Dawley rats (200–250 g) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (pregnant + chronic constriction injury [CCI]; pregnant + sham injury; not pregnant + CCI; and not pregnant + sham injury). Separate groups were used for the behavioral and tissue analyses. CCI of the left sciatic nerve was surgically induced 3 days after confirming pregnancy in the pregnancy group or on day 3 in the not pregnant group. The spinal cord was extracted 18 days after CCI. TNF-α, GFAP, Iba-1, and c-Fos expression levels in the spinal dorsal horn were measured by Western blot analysis. Mechanical threshold was tested using von Frey filaments. Results The lowered mechanical threshold induced by CCI was significantly attenuated within 1 day before parturition and decreased after delivery. TNF-α expression in CCI rats was decreased within 1 day before parturition. Further, GFAP, Iba-1, and c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn was reduced in the pregnant rats. Serum TNF-α in all groups was below measurable limits. Conclusion Our findings indicate that pregnancy-induced analgesia suppresses neuropathic pain through reducing spinal levels of TNF-α, GFAP, Iba-1, and c-Fos in a rat model of CCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Onodera
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Megumi Kanao-Kanda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Kanda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sasakawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kunisawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Verri WA, Chiu IM. Nociceptor Sensory Neuron-Immune Interactions in Pain and Inflammation. Trends Immunol 2016; 38:5-19. [PMID: 27793571 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptor sensory neurons protect organisms from danger by eliciting pain and driving avoidance. Pain also accompanies many types of inflammation and injury. It is increasingly clear that active crosstalk occurs between nociceptor neurons and the immune system to regulate pain, host defense, and inflammatory diseases. Immune cells at peripheral nerve terminals and within the spinal cord release mediators that modulate mechanical and thermal sensitivity. In turn, nociceptor neurons release neuropeptides and neurotransmitters from nerve terminals that regulate vascular, innate, and adaptive immune cell responses. Therefore, the dialog between nociceptor neurons and the immune system is a fundamental aspect of inflammation, both acute and chronic. A better understanding of these interactions could produce approaches to treat chronic pain and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR 10011, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR 10011, Brazil
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Manohar S, Dahar K, Adler HJ, Dalian D, Salvi R. Noise-induced hearing loss: Neuropathic pain via Ntrk1 signaling. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 75:101-12. [PMID: 27473923 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe noise-induced damage to the inner ear leads to auditory nerve fiber degeneration thereby reducing the neural input to the cochlear nucleus (CN). Paradoxically, this leads to a significant increase in spontaneous activity in the CN which has been linked to tinnitus, hyperacusis and ear pain. The biological mechanisms that lead to an increased spontaneous activity are largely unknown, but could arise from changes in glutamatergic or GABAergic neurotransmission or neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, we unilaterally exposed rats for 2h to a 126dB SPL narrow band noise centered at 12kHz. Hearing loss measured by auditory brainstem responses exceeded 55dB from 6 to 32kHz. The mRNA from the exposed CN was harvested at 14 or 28days post-exposure and qRT-PCR analysis was performed on 168 genes involved in neural inflammation, neuropathic pain and glutamatergic or GABAergic neurotransmission. Expression levels of mRNA of Slc17a6 and Gabrg3, involved in excitation and inhibition respectively, were significantly increased at 28days post-exposure, suggesting a possible role in the CN spontaneous hyperactivity associated with tinnitus and hyperacusis. In the pain and inflammatory array, noise exposure upregulated mRNA expression levels of four pain/inflammatory genes, Tlr2, Oprd1, Kcnq3 and Ntrk1 and decreased mRNA expression levels of two more genes, Ccl12 and Il1β. Pain/inflammatory gene expression changes via Ntrk1 signaling may induce sterile inflammation, neuropathic pain, microglial activation and migration of nerve fibers from the trigeminal, cuneate and vestibular nuclei into the CN. These changes could contribute to somatic tinnitus, hyperacusis and otalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilvelan Manohar
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - Kimberly Dahar
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Henry J Adler
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Ding Dalian
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
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Fbxo3-Dependent Fbxl2 Ubiquitination Mediates Neuropathic Allodynia through the TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 Cascade. J Neurosci 2016; 35:16545-60. [PMID: 26674878 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2301-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Emerging evidence has indicated that the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is mediated by spinal neural plasticity in the dorsal horn, which provides insight for analgesic therapy. Here, we report that the abundance of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 and NcK-interacting kinase (TNIK), a kinase that is presumed to regulate neural plasticity, was specifically enhanced in ipsilateral dorsal horn neurons after spinal nerve ligation (SNL; left L5 and L6). Spinal TNIK-associated allodynia is mediated by downstream TNIK-GluR1 coupling and the subsequent phosphorylation-dependent trafficking of GluR1 toward the plasma membrane in dorsal horn neurons. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), which is regulated by spinal F-box protein 3 (Fbxo3)-dependent F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2 (Fbxl2) ubiquitination, contributes to SNL-induced allodynia by modifying TNIK/GluR1 phosphorylation-associated GluR1 trafficking. Although exhibiting no effect on Fbxo3/Fbxl2/TRAF2 signaling, focal knockdown of spinal TNIK expression prevented SNL-induced allodynia by attenuating TNIK/GluR1 phosphorylation-dependent subcellular GluR1 redistribution. In contrast, intrathecal administration of BC-1215 (N1,N2-Bis[[4-(2-pyridinyl)phenyl]methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine) (a novel Fbxo3 inhibitor) prevented SNL-induced Fbxl2 ubiquitination and subsequent TFAF2 de-ubiquitination to ameliorate behavioral allodynia via antagonizing TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 signaling. By targeting spinal Fbxo3-dependent Fbxl2 ubiquitination and the subsequent TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 cascade, spinal application of a TNF-α-neutralizing antibody ameliorated SNL-induced allodynia, and, conversely, intrathecal TNF-α injection into naive rats induced allodynia via a spinal Fbxo3/Fbxl2-dependent modification of the TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 cascade. Together, our results suggest that spinal TNF-α contributes to the development of neuropathic pain by upregulating TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 signaling via Fbxo3-dependent Fbxl2 ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, we propose a potential medical treatment strategy for neuropathic pain by targeting the F-box protein or TNIK. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT TNF-α participates in neuropathic pain development by facilitating the spinal TRAF2-dependent TNIK-GluR1 association, which drives GluR1-containing AMPA receptor trafficking toward the plasma membrane. In addition, F-box protein 3 modifies this pathway by inhibiting F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2-mediated TRAF2 ubiquitination, suggesting that protein ubiquitination contributes crucially to the development of neuropathic pain. These results provide a novel therapeutic strategy for pain relief.
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Hammell DC, Zhang LP, Ma F, Abshire SM, McIlwrath SL, Stinchcomb AL, Westlund KN. Transdermal cannabidiol reduces inflammation and pain-related behaviours in a rat model of arthritis. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:936-48. [PMID: 26517407 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current arthritis treatments often have side-effects attributable to active compounds as well as route of administration. Cannabidiol (CBD) attenuates inflammation and pain without side-effects, but CBD is hydrophobic and has poor oral bioavailability. Topical drug application avoids gastrointestinal administration, first pass metabolism, providing more constant plasma levels. METHODS This study examined efficacy of transdermal CBD for reduction in inflammation and pain, assessing any adverse effects in a rat complete Freund's adjuvant-induced monoarthritic knee joint model. CBD gels (0.6, 3.1, 6.2 or 62.3 mg/day) were applied for 4 consecutive days after arthritis induction. Joint circumference and immune cell invasion in histological sections were measured to indicate level of inflammation. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) in response to noxious heat stimulation determined nociceptive sensitization, and exploratory behaviour ascertained animal's activity level. RESULTS Measurement of plasma CBD concentration provided by transdermal absorption revealed linearity with 0.6-6.2 mg/day doses. Transdermal CBD gel significantly reduced joint swelling, limb posture scores as a rating of spontaneous pain, immune cell infiltration and thickening of the synovial membrane in a dose-dependent manner. PWL recovered to near baseline level. Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal cord (CGRP, OX42) and dorsal root ganglia (TNFα) revealed dose-dependent reductions of pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Results showed 6.2 and 62 mg/day were effective doses. Exploratory behaviour was not altered by CBD indicating limited effect on higher brain function. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that topical CBD application has therapeutic potential for relief of arthritis pain-related behaviours and inflammation without evident side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Hammell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536-0082, USA
| | - L P Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - F Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - S M Abshire
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - S L McIlwrath
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - A L Stinchcomb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536-0082, USA
| | - K N Westlund
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
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Nazemi S, Manaheji H, Noorbakhsh SM, Zaringhalam J, Sadeghi M, Mohammad-Zadeh M, Haghparast A. Inhibition of microglial activity alters spinal wide dynamic range neuron discharge and reduces microglial Toll-like receptor 4 expression in neuropathic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:772-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Nazemi
- Department of Physiology; Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences; Sabzevar Iran
- Department of Neurophysiology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Homa Manaheji
- Department of Neurophysiology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Department of Neurophysiology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- Department of Physiology; Bushehr University of Medical Sciences; Bushehr Iran
| | | | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Ma F, Zhang L, Oz HS, Mashni M, Westlund KN. Dysregulated TNFα promotes cytokine proteome profile increases and bilateral orofacial hypersensitivity. Neuroscience 2015; 300:493-507. [PMID: 26033565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is increased in patients with headache, neuropathic pain, periodontal and temporomandibular disease. This study and others have utilized TNF receptor 1/2 (TNFR1/2) knockout (KO) animals to investigate the effect of TNFα dysregulation in generation and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. The present study determined the impact of TNFα dysregulation in a trigeminal inflammatory compression (TIC) nerve injury model comparing wild-type (WT) and TNFR1/2 KO mice. METHODS Chromic gut suture was inserted adjacent to the infraorbital nerve to induce the TIC model mechanical hypersensitivity. Cytokine proteome profiles demonstrated serology, and morphology explored microglial activation in trigeminal nucleus 10weeks post. RESULTS TIC injury induced ipsilateral whisker pad mechanical allodynia persisting throughout the 10-week study in both TNFR1/2 KO and WT mice. Delayed mechanical allodynia developed on the contralateral whisker pad in TNFR1/2 KO mice but not in WT mice. Proteomic profiling 10weeks after chronic TIC injury revealed TNFα, interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-23 (IL-23), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were increased more than 2-fold in TNFR1/2 KO mice compared to WT mice with TIC. Bilateral microglial activation in spinal trigeminal nucleus was detected only in TNFR1/2 KO mice. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor and microglial inhibitor minocycline reduced hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the dysregulated serum cytokine proteome profile and bilateral spinal trigeminal nucleus microglial activation are contributory to the bilateral mechanical hypersensitization in this chronic trigeminal neuropathic pain model in the mice with TNFα dysregulation. Data support involvement of both neurogenic and humoral influences in chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ma
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States.
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States.
| | - H S Oz
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States.
| | - M Mashni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States.
| | - K N Westlund
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States.
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Gudes S, Barkai O, Caspi Y, Katz B, Lev S, Binshtok AM. The role of slow and persistent TTX-resistant sodium currents in acute tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated increase in nociceptors excitability. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:601-19. [PMID: 25355965 PMCID: PMC4297796 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00652.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-r) sodium channels are key players in determining the input-output properties of peripheral nociceptive neurons. Changes in gating kinetics or in expression levels of these channels by proinflammatory mediators are likely to cause the hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons and pain hypersensitivity observed during inflammation. Proinflammatory mediator, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), is secreted during inflammation and is associated with the early onset, as well as long-lasting, inflammation-mediated increase in excitability of peripheral nociceptive neurons. Here we studied the underlying mechanisms of the rapid component of TNF-α-mediated nociceptive hyperexcitability and acute pain hypersensitivity. We showed that TNF-α leads to rapid onset, cyclooxygenase-independent pain hypersensitivity in adult rats. Furthermore, TNF-α rapidly and substantially increases nociceptive excitability in vitro, by decreasing action potential threshold, increasing neuronal gain and decreasing accommodation. We extended on previous studies entailing p38 MAPK-dependent increase in TTX-r sodium currents by showing that TNF-α via p38 MAPK leads to increased availability of TTX-r sodium channels by partial relief of voltage dependence of their slow inactivation, thereby contributing to increase in neuronal gain. Moreover, we showed that TNF-α also in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner increases persistent TTX-r current by shifting the voltage dependence of activation to a hyperpolarized direction, thus producing an increase in inward current at functionally critical subthreshold voltages. Our results suggest that rapid modulation of the gating of TTX-r sodium channels plays a major role in the mediated nociceptive hyperexcitability of TNF-α during acute inflammation and may lead to development of effective treatments for inflammatory pain, without modulating the inflammation-induced healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagi Gudes
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omer Barkai
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaki Caspi
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Katz
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shaya Lev
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander M Binshtok
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Renin–angiotensin system in pain: Existing in a double life? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 15:329-40. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320313503694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
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Chen NF, Huang SY, Chen WF, Chen CH, Lu CH, Chen CL, Yang SN, Wang HM, Wen ZH. TGF-β1 attenuates spinal neuroinflammation and the excitatory amino acid system in rats with neuropathic pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2014; 14:1671-85. [PMID: 24290447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have reported that the intrathecal (i.t.) administration of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) prevents and reverses neuropathic pain. However, only limited information is available regarding the possible role and effects of spinal TGF-β1 in neuropathic pain. We aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effects of exogenous TGF-β1 on chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. We demonstrated that sciatic nerve injury caused a downregulation of endogenous TGF-β1 levels on the ipsilateral side of the lumbar spinal dorsal gray matter, and that the i.t. administration of TGF-β1 (.01-10 ng) significantly attenuated CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats. TGF-β1 significantly inhibited CCI-induced spinal neuroinflammation, microglial and astrocytic activation, and upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, i.t. TGF-β1 significantly attenuated the CCI-induced downregulation of glutamate transporter 1, the glutamate aspartate transporter, and the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 on the ipsilateral side. Furthermore, i.t. TGF-β1 significantly decreased the concentrations of 2 excitatory amino acids, aspartate and glutamate, in the spinal dialysates in CCI rats. In summary, we conclude that the mechanisms of the antinociceptive effects of i.t. TGF-β1 in neuropathy may include attenuation of spinal neuroinflammation, attenuation, or upregulation of glutamate transporter downregulation, and a decrease of spinal extracellular excitatory amino acids. PERSPECTIVE Clinically, medical treatment is usually initiated after the onset of intractable pain. Therefore, in the present study, i.t. TGF-β1 was designed to be administered 2 weeks after the establishment of CCI pain. Compared to the continuous TGF-β1 infusion mode, single-dose administration seems more convenient and practical to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Fu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Visnagri A, Kandhare AD, Chakravarty S, Ghosh P, Bodhankar SL. Hesperidin, a flavanoglycone attenuates experimental diabetic neuropathy via modulation of cellular and biochemical marker to improve nerve functions. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:814-828. [PMID: 24559476 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.870584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most common long-term complications of diabetes mellitus and clinically can be characterized by an elevated nociceptive response with electrophysiological conduction abnormalities. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of hesperidin against STZ induced diabetic neuropathic pain in laboratory rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS DN was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g) by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg, p.o.). Rats were divided into various groups, namely, STZ control (vehicle), hesperidin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.), insulin (10 IU/kg, s.c.), and combination of hesperidin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) with insulin (10 IU/kg, s.c.) for 4 weeks. Various behavioral (allodynia and hyperalgesia), biochemical parameters [oxido-nitosative stress, Na-K-ATPase, aldose reductase (AR)], and molecular changes (TNF-α and IL-1β) along with hemodynamic changes were determined. RESULTS Rats treated with hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., 4 weeks) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) hyperglycemia and its metabolic abnormalities induced by intraperitoneal administration of STZ. The decreased nociceptive threshold, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), serum insulin as well as Na-K-ATPase activity were significantly increase (p < 0.05) by hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment. It significantly attenuated (p < 0.05) elevated glycated hemoglobin, AR activity, oxido-nitrosative stress, neural calcium, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels. Histological aberration induced after STZ administration was restored by administration of hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) CONCLUSION In combination with insulin, hesperidin not only attenuated the diabetic condition but also reversed neuropathic pain via control over hyperglycemia as well as hyperlipidemia to down-regulate generation of free radical, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as elevation in membrane bound enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asjad Visnagri
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune, Maharashtra , India
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Blood-nerve barrier dysfunction contributes to the generation of neuropathic pain and allows targeting of injured nerves for pain relief. Pain 2014; 155:954-967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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