1
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Liu D, Yao H, Ferrer IR, Ford ML. Differential induction of donor-reactive Foxp3 + regulatory T cell via blockade of CD154 vs CD40. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:1369-1381. [PMID: 38552961 PMCID: PMC11305915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Recently published studies in both murine models and a meta-analysis of non-human primate renal transplant studies showed that anti-CD154 reagents conferred a significant survival advantage over CD40 blockers in both animal models and across multiple organs. Here we sought to compare the induction of donor-reactive forkhead box P3+-induced regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ iTreg) in mice treated with anti-CD154 versus anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Results indicated that while treatment with anti-CD154 mAb resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of donor-reactive CD4+ Foxp3+ iTreg following transplantation, treatment with anti-CD40 or Cd40 deficiency failed to recapitulate this result. Because we recently identified CD11b as an alternate receptor for CD154 during alloimmunity, we interrogated the role of CD154:CD11b interactions in the generation of Foxp3+ iTreg and found that blockade of CD11b in Cd40-/- recipients resulted in increased donor-reactive Foxp3+ iTreg as compared with CD40 deficiency alone. Mechanistically, CD154:CD11b inhibition decreased interleukin (IL)-1β from CD11b+ and CD11c+ dendritic cells, and blockade of IL-1β synergized with CD40 deficiency to promote Foxp3+ iTreg induction and prolong allograft survival. Taken together, these data provide a mechanistic basis for the observed inferiority of anti-CD40 blockers as compared with anti-CD154 mAb and illuminate an IL-1β-dependent mechanism by which CD154:CD11b interactions prevent the generation of donor-reactive Foxp3+ iTreg during transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya Liu
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hongmin Yao
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ivana R Ferrer
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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2
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Efe O, Gassen RB, Morena L, Ganchiku Y, Al Jurdi A, Lape IT, Ventura-Aguiar P, LeGuern C, Madsen JC, Shriver Z, Babcock GJ, Borges TJ, Riella LV. A humanized IL-2 mutein expands Tregs and prolongs transplant survival in preclinical models. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173107. [PMID: 38426492 PMCID: PMC10904054 DOI: 10.1172/jci173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term organ transplant survival remains suboptimal, and life-long immunosuppression predisposes transplant recipients to an increased risk of infection, malignancy, and kidney toxicity. Promoting the regulatory arm of the immune system by expanding Tregs may allow immunosuppression minimization and improve long-term graft outcomes. While low-dose IL-2 treatment can expand Tregs, it has a short half-life and off-target expansion of NK and effector T cells, limiting its clinical applicability. Here, we designed a humanized mutein IL-2 with high Treg selectivity and a prolonged half-life due to the fusion of an Fc domain, which we termed mIL-2. We showed selective and sustainable Treg expansion by mIL-2 in 2 murine models of skin transplantation. This expansion led to donor-specific tolerance through robust increases in polyclonal and antigen-specific Tregs, along with enhanced Treg-suppressive function. We also showed that Treg expansion by mIL-2 could overcome the failure of calcineurin inhibitors or costimulation blockade to prolong the survival of major-mismatched skin grafts. Validating its translational potential, mIL-2 induced a selective and sustainable in vivo Treg expansion in cynomolgus monkeys and showed selectivity for human Tregs in vitro and in a humanized mouse model. This work demonstrated that mIL-2 can enhance immune regulation and promote long-term allograft survival, potentially minimizing immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Efe
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Leela Morena
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
| | | | - Ayman Al Jurdi
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo V. Riella
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
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3
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Zeng S, Crichton ES, Ford ML, Badell IR. Memory T follicular helper cells drive donor-specific antibodies independent of memory B cells and primary germinal center and alloantibody formation. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1511-1525. [PMID: 37302575 PMCID: PMC11228286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen antibodies are important immunologic mediators of renal allograft loss and are difficult to control. The inability to permanently eliminate donor-specific antibodies (DSA) is partly due to an incomplete understanding of the cellular mechanisms driving alloantibody formation, recurrence, and maintenance. Memory T follicular helper (mTfh) cells rapidly interact with memory B cells upon antigen re-exposure for anamnestic humoral responses, but little is known about Tfh memory in transplantation. We hypothesized that alloreactive mTfh cells form after transplantation and play a critical role in DSA formation following alloantigen re-encounter. To test this hypothesis, we utilized murine skin allograft models to identify and characterize Tfh memory and interrogate its ability to mediate alloantibody responses. We identified alloreactive Tfh memory as a mediator of accelerated humoral alloresponses independent of memory B cells and primary germinal center, or DSA, formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mTfh-driven alloantibody formation is susceptible to CD28 costimulation blockade. These findings provide novel insight into a pathologic role for memory Tfh in alloantibody responses and strongly support shifting therapeutic focus from the singular targeting of B cell lineage cells and alloantibodies themselves to multimodal strategies that include inhibition of mTfh cells to treat DSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zeng
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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4
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Larange A, Takazawa I, Kakugawa K, Thiault N, Ngoi S, Olive ME, Iwaya H, Seguin L, Vicente-Suarez I, Becart S, Verstichel G, Balancio A, Altman A, Chang JT, Taniuchi I, Lillemeier B, Kronenberg M, Myers SA, Cheroutre H. A regulatory circuit controlled by extranuclear and nuclear retinoic acid receptor α determines T cell activation and function. Immunity 2023; 56:2054-2069.e10. [PMID: 37597518 PMCID: PMC10552917 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Ligation of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) by RA promotes varied transcriptional programs associated with immune activation and tolerance, but genetic deletion approaches suggest the impact of RARα on TCR signaling. Here, we examined whether RARα would exert roles beyond transcriptional regulation. Specific deletion of the nuclear isoform of RARα revealed an RARα isoform in the cytoplasm of T cells. Extranuclear RARα was rapidly phosphorylated upon TCR stimulation and recruited to the TCR signalosome. RA interfered with extranuclear RARα signaling, causing suboptimal TCR activation while enhancing FOXP3+ regulatory T cell conversion. TCR activation induced the expression of CRABP2, which translocates RA to the nucleus. Deletion of Crabp2 led to increased RA in the cytoplasm and interfered with signalosome-RARα, resulting in impaired anti-pathogen immunity and suppressed autoimmune disease. Our findings underscore the significance of subcellular RA/RARα signaling in T cells and identify extranuclear RARα as a component of the TCR signalosome and a determinant of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Larange
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ikuo Takazawa
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kiyokazu Kakugawa
- Laboratory for Immune Crosstalk, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nicolas Thiault
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - SooMun Ngoi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Meagan E Olive
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hitoshi Iwaya
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laetitia Seguin
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ildefonso Vicente-Suarez
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephane Becart
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Greet Verstichel
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ann Balancio
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amnon Altman
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John T Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Bjorn Lillemeier
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, IMPL-L, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samuel A Myers
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Laboratory for Immunochemical Circuits, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Hilde Cheroutre
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Laboratory for Immune Crosstalk, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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5
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Roy S, Fitzgerald K, Lalani A, Lai CW, Kim A, Kim J, Ou P, Mirsoian A, Liu X, Ramrakhiani A, Zhao H, Zhou H, Xu H, Meisen H, Li CM, Lugt BV, Thibault S, Tinberg CE, DeVoss J, Egen J, Wu LC, Noubade R. Autonomous IL-36R signaling in neutrophils activates potent antitumor effector functions. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162088. [PMID: 37317970 DOI: 10.1172/jci162088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While the rapid advancement of immunotherapies has revolutionized cancer treatment, only a small fraction of patients derive clinical benefit. Eradication of large, established tumors appears to depend on engaging and activating both innate and adaptive immune system components to mount a rigorous and comprehensive immune response. Identifying such agents is a high unmet medical need, because they are sparse in the therapeutic landscape of cancer treatment. Here, we report that IL-36 cytokine can engage both innate and adaptive immunity to remodel an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and mediate potent antitumor immune responses via signaling in host hematopoietic cells. Mechanistically, IL-36 signaling modulates neutrophils in a cell-intrinsic manner to greatly enhance not only their ability to directly kill tumor cells but also promote T and NK cell responses. Thus, while poor prognostic outcomes are typically associated with neutrophil enrichment in the TME, our results highlight the pleiotropic effects of IL-36 and its therapeutic potential to modify tumor-infiltrating neutrophils into potent effector cells and engage both the innate and adaptive immune system to achieve durable antitumor responses in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haoda Xu
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steve Thibault
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, California, USA
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6
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Hartigan CR, Tong KP, Liu D, Laurie SJ, Ford ML. TIGIT agonism alleviates costimulation blockade-resistant rejection in a regulatory T cell-dependent manner. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:180-189. [PMID: 36695691 PMCID: PMC10062175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Belatacept-based immunosuppression in kidney transplantation confers fewer off-target toxicities than calcineurin inhibitors but comes at a cost of increased incidence and severity of acute rejection, potentially due to its deleterious effect on both the number and function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). TIGIT is a CD28 family coinhibitory receptor expressed on several subsets of immune cells including Tregs. We hypothesized that coinhibition through TIGIT signaling could function to ameliorate costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. The results demonstrate that treatment with an agonistic anti-TIGIT antibody, when combined with costimulation blockade by CTLA-4Ig, can prolong allograft survival in a murine skin graft model compared with CTLA-4Ig alone. Further, this prolongation of graft survival is accompanied by an increase in the frequency and number of graft-infiltrating Tregs and a concomitant reduction in the number of CD8+ T cells in the graft. Through the use of Treg-specific TIGIT conditional knockout animals, we demonstrated that the TIGIT-mediated reduction in the graft-infiltrating CD8+ T cell response is dependent on signaling of TIGIT on Foxp3+ Tregs. Our results highlight both the key functional role of TIGIT on Foxp3+ Tregs under conditions in which CTLA-4 is blocked and the therapeutic potential of TIGIT agonism to optimize costimulation blockade-based immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Hartigan
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Suite 5105, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Katherine P Tong
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Suite 5105, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Danya Liu
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Suite 5105, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Sonia J Laurie
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Suite 5105, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Suite 5105, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
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7
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Zerra PE, Parker ET, Baldwin WH, Healey JF, Patel SR, McCoy JW, Cox C, Stowell SR, Meeks SL. Engineering a Therapeutic Protein to Enhance the Study of Anti-Drug Immunity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1724. [PMID: 35885029 PMCID: PMC9313379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of anti-drug antibodies represents a significant barrier to the utilization of protein-based therapies for a wide variety of diseases. While the rate of antibody formation can vary depending on the therapeutic employed and the target patient population receiving the drug, the antigen-specific immune response underlying the development of anti-drug antibodies often remains difficult to define. This is especially true for patients with hemophilia A who, following exposure, develop antibodies against the coagulation factor, factor VIII (FVIII). Models capable of studying this response in an antigen-specific manner have been lacking. To overcome this challenge, we engineered FVIII to contain a peptide (323-339) from the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), a very common tool used to study antigen-specific immunity. FVIII with an OVA peptide (FVIII-OVA) retained clotting activity and possessed the ability to activate CD4 T cells specific to OVA323-339 in vitro. When compared to FVIII alone, FVIII-OVA also exhibited a similar level of immunogenicity, suggesting that the presence of OVA323-339 does not substantially alter the anti-FVIII immune response. Intriguingly, while little CD4 T cell response could be observed following exposure to FVIII-OVA alone, inclusion of anti-FVIII antibodies, recently shown to favorably modulate anti-FVIII immune responses, significantly enhanced CD4 T cell activation following FVIII-OVA exposure. These results demonstrate that model antigens can be incorporated into a therapeutic protein to study antigen-specific responses and more specifically that the CD4 T cell response to FVIII-OVA can be augmented by pre-existing anti-FVIII antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E. Zerra
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.E.Z.); (J.W.M.)
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Ernest T. Parker
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Wallace Hunter Baldwin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - John F. Healey
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Seema R. Patel
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - James W. McCoy
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.E.Z.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Courtney Cox
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannon L. Meeks
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
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8
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Rizzuto G, Erlebacher A. Trophoblast antigens, fetal blood cell antigens, and the paradox of fetomaternal tolerance. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213136. [PMID: 35416936 PMCID: PMC9011327 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradox of fetomaternal tolerance has puzzled immunologists and reproductive biologists alike for almost 70 yr. Even the idea that the conceptus evokes a uniformly tolerogenic immune response in the mother is contradicted by the long-appreciated ability of pregnant women to mount robust antibody responses to paternal HLA molecules and RBC alloantigens such as Rh(D). Synthesizing these older observations with more recent work in mice, we discuss how the decision between tolerance or immunity to a given fetoplacental antigen appears to be a function of whether the antigen is trophoblast derived—and thus decorated with immunosuppressive glycans—or fetal blood cell derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rizzuto
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adrian Erlebacher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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9
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Rizzuto G, Brooks JF, Tuomivaara ST, McIntyre TI, Ma S, Rideaux D, Zikherman J, Fisher SJ, Erlebacher A. Establishment of fetomaternal tolerance through glycan-mediated B cell suppression. Nature 2022; 603:497-502. [PMID: 35236989 PMCID: PMC9592526 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination of self from non-self is fundamental to a wide range of immunological processes1. During pregnancy, the mother does not recognize the placenta as immunologically foreign because antigens expressed by trophoblasts, the placental cells that interface with the maternal immune system, do not activate maternal T cells2. Currently, these activation defects are thought to reflect suppression by regulatory T cells3. By contrast, mechanisms of B cell tolerance to trophoblast antigens have not been identified. Here we provide evidence that glycan-mediated B cell suppression has a key role in establishing fetomaternal tolerance in mice. B cells specific for a model trophoblast antigen are strongly suppressed through CD22-LYN inhibitory signalling, which in turn implicates the sialylated glycans of the antigen as key suppressive determinants. Moreover, B cells mediate the MHC-class-II-restricted presentation of antigens to CD4+ T cells, which leads to T cell suppression, and trophoblast-derived sialoglycoproteins are released into the maternal circulation during pregnancy in mice and humans. How protein glycosylation promotes non-immunogenic placental self-recognition may have relevance to immune-mediated pregnancy complications and to tumour immune evasion. We also anticipate that our findings will bolster efforts to harness glycan biology to control antigen-specific immune responses in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rizzuto
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J F Brooks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S T Tuomivaara
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler-Moore Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T I McIntyre
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Rideaux
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Zikherman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S J Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Erlebacher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Lewis EL, Xu R, Beltra JC, Ngiow SF, Cohen J, Telange R, Crane A, Sawinski D, Wherry EJ, Porrett PM. NFAT-dependent and -independent exhaustion circuits program maternal CD8 T cell hypofunction in pregnancy. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20201599. [PMID: 34882194 PMCID: PMC8666877 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a common immunization event, but the molecular mechanisms and immunological consequences provoked by pregnancy remain largely unknown. We used mouse models and human transplant registry data to reveal that pregnancy induced exhausted CD8 T cells (Preg-TEX), which associated with prolonged allograft survival. Maternal CD8 T cells shared features of exhaustion with CD8 T cells from cancer and chronic infection, including transcriptional down-regulation of ribosomal proteins and up-regulation of TOX and inhibitory receptors. Similar to other models of T cell exhaustion, NFAT-dependent elements of the exhaustion program were induced by fetal antigen in pregnancy, whereas NFAT-independent elements did not require fetal antigen. Despite using conserved molecular circuitry, Preg-TEX cells differed from TEX cells in chronic viral infection with respect to magnitude and dependency of T cell hypofunction on NFAT-independent signals. Altogether, these data reveal the molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences of maternal CD8 T cell hypofunction and identify pregnancy as a previously unappreciated context in which T cell exhaustion may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean-Christophe Beltra
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jordana Cohen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rahul Telange
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Alexander Crane
- Department of Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deirdre Sawinski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paige M. Porrett
- Department of Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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11
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Acute myeloid leukemia cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for cancer vaccination immunotherapy. Leukemia 2022; 36:994-1005. [PMID: 34845316 PMCID: PMC8979812 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are promising treatments to prevent relapse after chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, particularly for those who cannot tolerate intensive consolidation therapies. Here, we report the development of an AML cell membrane-coated nanoparticle (AMCNP) vaccine platform, in which immune-stimulatory adjuvant-loaded nanoparticles are coated with leukemic cell membrane material. This AMCNP vaccination strategy stimulates leukemia-specific immune responses by co-delivering membrane-associated antigens along with adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells. To demonstrate that this AMCNP vaccine enhances leukemia-specific antigen presentation and T cell responses, we modified a murine AML cell line to express membrane-bound chicken ovalbumin as a model antigen. AMCNPs were efficiently acquired by antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo and stimulated antigen cross-presentation. Vaccination with AMCNPs significantly enhanced antigen-specific T cell expansion and effector function compared with control vaccines. Prophylactic vaccination with AMCNPs enhanced cellular immunity and protected against AML challenge. Moreover, in an AML post-remission vaccination model, AMCNP vaccination significantly enhanced survival in comparison to vaccination with whole leukemia cell lysates. Collectively, AMCNPs retained AML-specific antigens, elicited enhanced antigen-specific immune responses, and provided therapeutic benefit against AML challenge.
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12
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Heterozygous missense variant of the proteasome subunit β-type 9 causes neonatal-onset autoinflammation and immunodeficiency. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6819. [PMID: 34819510 PMCID: PMC8613290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired proteasome activity due to genetic variants of certain subunits might lead to proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS). Here we report a de novo heterozygous missense variant of the PSMB9 proteasome subunit gene in two unrelated Japanese infants resulting in amino acid substitution of the glycine (G) by aspartic acid (D) at position 156 of the encoded protein β1i. In addition to PRAAS-like manifestations, these individuals suffer from pulmonary hypertension and immunodeficiency, which are distinct from typical PRAAS symptoms. The missense variant results in impaired immunoproteasome maturation and activity, yet ubiquitin accumulation is hardly detectable in the patients. A mouse model of the heterozygous human genetic variant (Psmb9G156D/+) recapitulates the proteasome defects and the immunodeficiency phenotype of patients. Structurally, PSMB9 G156D interferes with the β-ring-βring interaction of the wild type protein that is necessary for 20S proteasome formation. We propose the term, proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome with immunodeficiency (PRAAS-ID), to indicate a separate category of autoinflammatory diseases, similar to, but distinct from PRAAS, that describes the patients in this study. Genetic variants of proteasome subunit genes have been shown to associate with perturbed immune function. Here authors show that a heterozygous missense variant of the immunoproteasome subunit β-type 9 causes an autoinflammatory/immune deficiency syndrome in humans and in a mouse model.
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13
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Kinder JM, Turner LH, Stelzer IA, Miller-Handley H, Burg A, Shao TY, Pham G, Way SS. CD8 + T Cell Functional Exhaustion Overrides Pregnancy-Induced Fetal Antigen Alloimmunization. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107784. [PMID: 32579916 PMCID: PMC7383938 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy necessitates physiological exposure, and often re-exposure, to foreign fetal alloantigens. The consequences after pregnancy are highly varied, with evidence of both alloimmunization and expanded tolerance phenotypes. We show that pregnancy primes the accumulation of fetal-specific maternal CD8+ T cells and their persistence as an activated memory pool after parturition. Cytolysis and the potential for robust secondary expansion occurs with antigen re-encounter in non-reproductive contexts. Comparatively, CDS+ T cell functional exhaustion associated with increased PD-1 and LAG-3 expression occurs with fetal antigen re-stimulation during subsequent pregnancy. PD-L1/LAG-3 neutralization unleashes the activation of fetal-specific CD8+ T cells, causing fetal wastage selectively during secondary but not primary pregnancy. Thus, CD8+ T cells with fetal alloantigen specificity persist in mothers after pregnancy, and protection against fetal wastage in subsequent pregnancies is maintained by their unique susceptibility to functional exhaustion. Together, distinct mechanisms whereby fetal tolerance is maintained during primary compared with subsequent pregnancies are demonstrated. Expecting mothers are immunologically aware of, but do not reject, genetically foreign tissues of the developing fetus. Comparing tolerance occuring during first and subsequent pregnancies, Kinder et al. show that activated memory CD8+ T cells primed by prior pregnancy are uniquely prone to functional exhaustion with fetal antigen re-stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Kinder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Lucien H Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ina A Stelzer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hilary Miller-Handley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ashley Burg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Shao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Giang Pham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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14
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Abou-Daya KI, Tieu R, Zhao D, Rammal R, Sacirbegovic F, Williams AL, Shlomchik WD, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Lakkis FG. Resident memory T cells form during persistent antigen exposure leading to allograft rejection. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/57/eabc8122. [PMID: 33741656 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc8122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) contained at sites of previous infection provide local protection against reinfection. Whether they form and function in organ transplants where cognate antigen persists is unclear. This is a key question in transplantation as T cells are detected long term in allografts, but it is not known whether they are exhausted or are functional memory T cells. Using a mouse model of kidney transplantation, we showed that antigen-specific and polyclonal effector T cells differentiated in the graft into TRM and subsequently caused allograft rejection. TRM identity was established by surface phenotype, transcriptional profile, and inability to recirculate in parabiosis and retransplantation experiments. Graft TRM proliferated locally, produced interferon-γ upon restimulation, and their in vivo depletion attenuated rejection. The vast majority of antigen-specific and polyclonal TRM lacked phenotypic and transcriptional exhaustion markers. Single-cell analysis of graft T cells early and late after transplantation identified a transcriptional program associated with transition to the tissue-resident state that could serve as a platform for the discovery of therapeutic targets. Thus, recipient effector T cells differentiate into functional graft TRM that maintain rejection locally. Targeting these TRM could improve renal transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khodor I Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roger Tieu
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rayan Rammal
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Faruk Sacirbegovic
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amanda L Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Warren D Shlomchik
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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15
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Li J, Chen J, Schroeder JA, Hu J, Williams CB, Shi Q. Platelet gene therapy induces robust immune tolerance even in a primed model via peripheral clonal deletion of antigen-specific T cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:719-730. [PMID: 33575117 PMCID: PMC7851450 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While platelet-specific gene therapy is effective in inducing immune tolerance to a targeted protein, how the reactivity of pre-existing immunity affects the efficacy, and whether CD8 T cells were involved in tolerization, is unclear. In this study, ovalbumin (OVA) was used as a surrogate protein. Platelet-OVA expression was introduced by 2bOVA lentivirus transduction of Sca-1+ cells from either wild-type (WT)/CD45.2 or OT-II/CD45.2 donors followed by transplantation into OVA-primed WT/CD45.1 recipients preconditioned with 6.6 Gy of irradiation. Sustained platelet-OVA expression was achieved in >85% of OVA-primed recipients but abolished in animals with high-reactive pre-existing immunity. As confirmed by OVA rechallenge and skin graft transplantation, immune tolerance was achieved in 2bOVA-transduced recipients. We found that there is a negative correlation between platelet-OVA expression and the percentage of OVA-specific CD4 T cells and a positive correlation with the OVA-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. Using the OT-I/WT model, we showed that antigen-specific CD8 T cells were partially deleted in recipients after platelet-targeted gene transfer. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that robust antigen-specific immune tolerance can be achieved through platelet-specific gene therapy via peripheral clonal deletion of antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T effector cells and induction of antigen-specific Treg cells. There is an antagonistic dynamic process between immune responses and immune tolerance after platelet-targeted gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Schroeder
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Calvin B Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Children's Research Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Qizhen Shi
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Children's Research Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer Fund Research Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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16
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Haddoub C, Rima M, Heurtebise S, Lawand M, Jundi D, Sadek R, Amigorena S, Fajloun Z, Karam MC. Cytotoxic effect of Montivipera bornmuelleri's venom on cancer cell lines: in vitro and in vivo studies. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9909. [PMID: 33194364 PMCID: PMC7597635 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Montivipera bornmuelleri’s venom has shown immunomodulation of cytokines release in mice and selective cytotoxicity on cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, highlighting an anticancer potential. Here, we extend these findings by elucidating the sensitivity of murine B16 skin melanoma and 3-MCA-induced murine fibrosarcoma cell lines to M. bornmuelleri’s venom and its effect on tumor growth in vivo. Methods The toxicity of the venom on B16 and MCA cells was assessed using flow cytometry and xCELLigence assays. For in vivo testing, tumor growth was followed in mice after intratumoral venom injection. Results The venom toxicity showed a dose-dependent cell death on both B16 and MCA cells. Interestingly, overexpression of ovalbumin increased the sensitivity of the cells to the venom. However, the venom was not able to eradicate induced-tumor growth when injected at 100 µg/kg. Our study demonstrates a cytotoxic effect of M. bornmuelleri’s venom in vitro which, however, does not translate to an anticancer action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Haddoub
- Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Al-Kurah, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rima
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Myriam Lawand
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Dania Jundi
- LAB3B, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Azm Centre for Research in Biotechnology, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine (IBPS), INSERM, CNRS, Université Sorbonne-Nouvelle (Paris III), Paris, France
| | - Riyad Sadek
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ziad Fajloun
- LAB3B, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Azm Centre for Research in Biotechnology, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Faculty of Sciences 3, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Marc C Karam
- Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Al-Kurah, Lebanon
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17
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Morris AB, Pinelli DF, Liu D, Wagener M, Ford ML. Memory T cell-mediated rejection is mitigated by FcγRIIB expression on CD8 + T cells. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2206-2215. [PMID: 32154641 PMCID: PMC7395896 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Donor-reactive memory T cells generated via heterologous immunity represent a potent barrier to long-term graft survival following transplantation because of their increased precursor frequency, rapid effector function, altered trafficking patterns, and reduced reliance on costimulation signals for activation. Thus, the identification of pathways that control memory T cell survival and secondary recall potential may provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Here, we discovered that donor-specific effector/memory CD8+ T cell populations generated via exposure to acute vs latent vs chronic infections contain differential frequencies of CD8+ T cells expressing the inhibitory Fc receptor FcγRIIB. Results indicated that frequencies of FcγRIIB-expressing CD8+ donor-reactive memory T cells inversely correlated with allograft rejection. Furthermore, adoptive T cell transfer of Fcgr2b-/- CD8+ T cells resulted in an accumulation of donor-specific CD8+ memory T cells and enhanced recall responses, indicating that FcγRIIB functions intrinsically to limit T cell CD8+ survival in vivo. Lastly, we show that deletion of FcγRIIB on donor-specific CD8+ memory T cells precipitated costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. These data therefore identify a novel cell-intrinsic inhibitory pathway that functions to limit the risk of memory T cell-mediated rejection following transplantation and suggest that therapeutic manipulation of this pathway could improve outcomes in sensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Morris
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David F Pinelli
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Danya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maylene Wagener
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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Brooks JF, Murphy PR, Barber JEM, Wells JW, Steptoe RJ. Peripheral Tolerance Checkpoints Imposed by Ubiquitous Antigen Expression Limit Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses under Strongly Immunogenic Conditions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1239-1247. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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19
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Brooks JF, Barber JEM, Davies JM, Wells JW, Steptoe RJ. Transfer of antigen-encoding bone marrow under immune-preserving conditions deletes mature antigen-specific B cells in recipients and inhibits antigen-specific antibody production. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:436-444. [PMID: 32546362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Pathological activation and collaboration of T and B cells underlies pathogenic autoantibody responses. Existing treatments for autoimmune disease cause non-specific immunosuppression, and induction of antigen-specific tolerance remains an elusive goal. Many immunotherapies aim to manipulate the T-cell component of T-B interplay, but few directly target B cells. One possible means to specifically target B cells is the transfer of gene-engineered BM that, once engrafted, gives rise to widespread specific and tolerogenic antigen expression within the hematopoietic system. METHODS Gene-engineered bone marrow encoding ubiquitous ovalbumin expression was transferred after low-dose (300-cGy) immune-preserving irradiation. B-cell responsiveness was monitored by analyzing ovalbumin-specific antibody production after immunization with ovalbumin/complete Freund's adjuvant. Ovalbumin-specific B cells and their response to immunization were analyzed using multi-tetramer staining. When antigen-encoding bone marrow was transferred under immune-preserving conditions, cognate antigen-specific B cells were purged from the recipient's preexisting B-cell repertoire and the repertoire that arose after bone marrow transfer. RESULTS OVA-specific B-cell deletion was apparent within the established host B-cell repertoire as well as that developing after gene-engineered bone marrow transfer. OVA-specific antibody production was substantially inhibited by transfer of OVA-encoding BM and activation of OVA-specific B cells, germinal center formation and subsequent OVA-specific plasmablast differentiation were all inhibited. Low levels of gene-engineered bone marrow chimerism were sufficient to limit antigen-specific antibody production. RESULTS These data show that antigen-specific B cells within an established B-cell repertoire are susceptible to de novo tolerance induction, and this can be achieved by transfer of gene-engineered bone marrow. This adds further dimensions to the utility of antigen-encoding bone marrow transfer as an immunotherapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Brooks
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - James E M Barber
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Janet M Davies
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James W Wells
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.
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20
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Li Y, Frei AW, Yang EY, Labrada-Miravet I, Sun C, Rong Y, Samojlik MM, Bayer AL, Stabler CL. In vitro platform establishes antigen-specific CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity to encapsulated cells via indirect antigen recognition. Biomaterials 2020; 256:120182. [PMID: 32599358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The curative potential of non-autologous cellular therapy is hindered by the requirement of anti-rejection therapy. Cellular encapsulation within nondegradable biomaterials has the potential to inhibit immune rejection, but the efficacy of this approach in robust preclinical and clinical models remains poor. While the responses of innate immune cells to the encapsulating material have been characterized, little attention has been paid to the contributions of adaptive immunity in encapsulated graft destabilization. Avoiding the limitations of animal models, we established an efficient, antigen-specific in vitro platform capable of delineating direct and indirect host T cell recognition to microencapsulated cellular grafts and evaluated their consequential impacts. Using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, we determined that alginate microencapsulation abrogates direct CD8+ T cell activation by interrupting donor-host interaction; however, indirect T cell activation, mediated by host antigen presenting cells (APCs) primed with shed donor antigens, still occurs. These activated T cells imparted cytotoxicity on the encapsulated cells, likely via diffusion of cytotoxic solutes. Overall, this platform delivers unique mechanistic insight into the impacts of hydrogel encapsulation on host adaptive immune responses, comprehensively addressing a long-standing hypothesis of the field. Furthermore, it provides an efficient benchtop screening tool for the investigation of new encapsulation methods and/or synergistic immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anthony W Frei
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ethan Y Yang
- Diabetes Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irayme Labrada-Miravet
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chuqiao Sun
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yanan Rong
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Magdalena M Samojlik
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Allison L Bayer
- Diabetes Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cherie L Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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21
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ElTanbouly MA, Zhao Y, Nowak E, Li J, Schaafsma E, Le Mercier I, Ceeraz S, Lines JL, Peng C, Carriere C, Huang X, Day M, Koehn B, Lee SW, Silva Morales M, Hogquist KA, Jameson SC, Mueller D, Rothstein J, Blazar BR, Cheng C, Noelle RJ. VISTA is a checkpoint regulator for naïve T cell quiescence and peripheral tolerance. Science 2020; 367:eaay0524. [PMID: 31949051 PMCID: PMC7391053 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Negative checkpoint regulators (NCRs) temper the T cell immune response to self-antigens and limit the development of autoimmunity. Unlike all other NCRs that are expressed on activated T lymphocytes, V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is expressed on naïve T cells. We report an unexpected heterogeneity within the naïve T cell compartment in mice, where loss of VISTA disrupted the major quiescent naïve T cell subset and enhanced self-reactivity. Agonistic VISTA engagement increased T cell tolerance by promoting antigen-induced peripheral T cell deletion. Although a critical player in naïve T cell homeostasis, the ability of VISTA to restrain naïve T cell responses was lost under inflammatory conditions. VISTA is therefore a distinctive NCR of naïve T cells that is critical for steady-state maintenance of quiescence and peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Yanding Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Ceeraz
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - J Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Changwei Peng
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Xin Huang
- ImmuNext Corporation, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maria Day
- ImmuNext Corporation, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brent Koehn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sam W Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Milagros Silva Morales
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Mueller
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- ImmuNext Corporation, Lebanon, NH, USA
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22
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Morris AB, Farley CR, Pinelli DF, Adams LE, Cragg MS, Boss JM, Scharer CD, Fribourg M, Cravedi P, Heeger PS, Ford ML. Signaling through the Inhibitory Fc Receptor FcγRIIB Induces CD8 + T Cell Apoptosis to Limit T Cell Immunity. Immunity 2020; 52:136-150.e6. [PMID: 31940267 PMCID: PMC7326381 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effector CD8+ T cells are important mediators of adaptive immunity, and receptor-ligand interactions that regulate their survival may have therapeutic potential. Here, we identified a subset of effector CD8+ T cells that expressed the inhibitory fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor FcγRIIB following activation and multiple rounds of division. CD8+ T cell-intrinsic genetic deletion of Fcgr2b increased CD8+ effector T cell accumulation, resulting in accelerated graft rejection and decreased tumor volume in mouse models. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody was not required for FcγRIIB-mediated control of CD8+ T cell immunity, and instead, the immunosuppressive cytokine fibrinogen-like 2 (Fgl2) was a functional ligand for FcγRIIB on CD8+ T cells. Fgl2 induced caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis in Fcgr2b+, but not Fcgr2b-/-, CD8+ T cells. Increased expression of FcγRIIB correlated with freedom from rejection following withdrawal from immunosuppression in a clinical trial of kidney transplant recipients. Together, these findings demonstrate a cell-intrinsic coinhibitory function of FcγRIIB in regulating CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Morris
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clara R Farley
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Layne E Adams
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Miguel Fribourg
- Translational Transplant Research Center and the Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Translational Transplant Research Center and the Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Translational Transplant Research Center and the Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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23
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La Muraglia GM, Wagener ME, Ford ML, Badell IR. Circulating T follicular helper cells are a biomarker of humoral alloreactivity and predict donor-specific antibody formation after transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:75-87. [PMID: 31250973 PMCID: PMC7193899 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) contribute to renal allograft loss. However, biomarkers to guide clinical management of DSA posttransplant or detect humoral alloimmune responses before alloantibodies develop are not available. Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells are CD4+ CXCR5+ Tfh-like cells in the blood that have been associated with alloantibodies in transplant recipients, but whether they precede antibody formation for their evaluation as a predictive biomarker in transplant is unknown. To evaluate the ability of cTfh cells to predict DSA, we used murine transplant models to determine the temporal relationship between cTfh cells, germinal center formation, and DSA development. We observed that donor-reactive CD4+ CXCR5+ cTfh cells expand after allotransplant. These cTfh cells were equivalent to graft-draining lymph node-derived Tfh cells in their ability to provide B cell help for antibody production. cTfh cell expansion and differentiation into ICOS+ PD-1+ cells temporally correlated with germinal center alloreactivity and preceded the generation of DSAs in instances of modified and unmodified alloantibody formation. Importantly, delayed costimulation blockade initiated after the detection of ICOS+ PD-1+ cTfh cells prevented DSAs. These findings suggest that cTfh cells could serve as a biomarker for humoral alloreactivity before the detection of alloantibodies and inform therapeutic approaches to prevent DSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - I. Raul Badell
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA, USA,Corresponding Author: I. Raul Badell,
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24
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Single-cell RNA-sequencing identifies the developmental trajectory of C-Myc-dependent NK1.1 - T-bet + intraepithelial lymphocyte precursors. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:257-270. [PMID: 31712600 PMCID: PMC7039806 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are thymus-derived adaptive immune cells, which are important contributors to intestinal immune homeostasis. Similar to other innate-like T cells, they are induced in the thymus through high-avidity interaction that would otherwise lead to clonal deletion in conventional CD4 and CD8 T cells. By applying single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on a heterogeneous population of thymic CD4-CD8αβ-TCRαβ+NK1.1- IEL precursors (NK1.1- IELPs), we define a developmental trajectory that can be tracked based on the sequential expression of CD122 and T-bet. Moreover, we identify the Id proteins Id2 and Id3 as a novel regulator of IELP development and show that all NK1.1- IELPs progress through a PD-1 stage that precedes the induction of T-bet. The transition from PD-1 to T-bet is regulated by the transcription factor C-Myc, which has far reaching effects on cell cycle, energy metabolism, and the translational machinery during IELP development. In summary, our results provide a high-resolution molecular framework for thymic IEL development of NK1.1- IELPs and deepen our understanding of this still elusive cell type.
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25
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Platt JL, Cascalho M. Non-canonical B cell functions in transplantation. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:363-377. [PMID: 30980861 PMCID: PMC6544480 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B cells are differentiated to recognize antigen and respond by producing antibodies. These activities, governed by recognition of ancillary signals, defend the individual against microorganisms and the products of microorganisms and constitute the canonical function of B cells. Despite the unique differentiation (e.g. recombination and mutation of immunoglobulin gene segments) toward this canonical function, B cells can provide other, "non-canonical" functions, such as facilitating of lymphoid organogenesis and remodeling and fashioning T cell repertoires and modifying T cell responses. Some non-canonical functions are exerted by antibodies, but most are mediated by other products and/or direct actions of B cells. The diverse set of non-canonical functions makes the B cell as much as any cell a central organizer of innate and adaptive immunity. However, the diverse products and actions also confound efforts to weigh the importance of individual non-canonical B cell functions. Here we shall describe the non-canonical functions of B cells and offer our perspective on how those functions converge in the development and governance of immunity, particularly immunity to transplants, and hurdles to advancing understanding of B cell functions in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Platt
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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26
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Karandikar SH, Sidney J, Sette A, Selby MJ, Korman AJ, Srivastava PK. New epitopes in ovalbumin provide insights for cancer neoepitopes. JCI Insight 2019; 5:127882. [PMID: 30869653 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC I-restricted epitopes of chicken ovalbumin (OVA) were originally identified using CD8 T cells as probes. Here, using bioinformatics tools, we identify four additional epitopes in OVA in addition to a cryptic epitope. Each new epitope is presented in vivo, as deduced from the lack of CD8 response to it in OVA-transgenic mice. In addition, CD8 responses to the known and novel epitopes are examined in C57BL/6 mice exposed to the OVA-expressing tumor E.G7 in several ways. No responses to any epitope including SIINFEKL are detected in mice with growing E.G7 or mice immunized with the tumor. Only in E.G7-bearing mice treated with an anti-CTLA4 antibody which depletes tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells, CD8 responses to SIINFEKL and the novel epitope EKYNLTSVL are detected. Finally, all epitopes fails to treat mice with pre-existing tumors. These observations force an important re-consideration of the common assumptions about the therapeutic value of neoepitopes detected by CD8 responses in tumor-bearing hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrut Hemant Karandikar
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Pramod Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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27
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Watson AR, Dai H, Diaz-Perez JA, Killeen ME, Mathers AR, Thomson AW. mTORC2 deficiency in cutaneous dendritic cells potentiates CD8 + effector T cell responses and accelerates skin graft rejection. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:646-661. [PMID: 30129283 PMCID: PMC6384165 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex (mTORC)1 and mTORC2 regulate the differentiation and function of immune cells. While inhibition of mTORC1 antagonizes dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and suppresses graft rejection, the role of mTORC2 in DCs in determining host responses to transplanted tissue remains undefined. Using a mouse model in which mTORC2 was deleted specifically in CD11c+ DCs (TORC2DC-/- ), we show that the transplant of minor histocompatibility Ag (HY)-mismatched skin grafts from TORC2DC-/- donors into wild-type recipients results in accelerated rejection characterized by enhanced CD8+ T cell responses in the graft and regional lymphoid tissue [Correction added on January 9, 2019, after first online publication: in the previous sentence, major was changed to minor]. Similar enhancement of CD8+ effector T cell responses was observed in MHC-mismatched recipients of TORC2DC-/- grafts. Augmented CD8+ T cell responses were also observed in a delayed-type hypersensitivity model in which mTORC2 was absent in cutaneous DCs. These elevated responses could be ascribed to an increased T cell stimulatory phenotype of TORC2DC-/- and not to enhanced lymph node homing of the cells. In contrast, rejection of ovalbumin transgenic skin grafts in TORC2DC-/- recipients was unaffected. These findings suggest that mTORC2 in skin DCs restrains effector CD8+ T cell responses and have implications for understanding of the influence of mTOR inhibitors that target mTORC2 in transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R. Watson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Helong Dai
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Julio A. Diaz-Perez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Meaghan E. Killeen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alicia R. Mathers
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Correspondence: Angus W. Thomson, PhD, DSc, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1540, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, , (412) 624-6392
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28
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Nalle SC, Zuo L, Ong MLDM, Singh G, Worthylake AM, Choi W, Manresa MC, Southworth AP, Edelblum KL, Baker GJ, Joseph NE, Savage PA, Turner JR. Graft-versus-host disease propagation depends on increased intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:902-914. [PMID: 30667372 DOI: 10.1172/jci98554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that affects multiple organs. GVHD-associated intestinal damage can be separated into two distinct phases, initiation and propagation, which correspond to conditioning-induced damage and effector T cell activation and infiltration, respectively. Substantial evidence indicates that intestinal damage induced by pretransplant conditioning is a key driver of GVHD initiation. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of dysregulated intestinal permeability on the subsequent GVHD propagation phase. The initiation phase of GVHD was unchanged in mice lacking long MLCK (MLCK210), an established regulator of epithelial tight junction permeability. However, MLCK210-deficient mice were protected from sustained barrier loss and exhibited limited GVHD propagation, as indicated by reduced histopathology, fewer CD8+ effector T cells in the gut, and improved overall survival. Consistent with these findings, intestinal epithelial MLCK210 expression and enzymatic activity were similarly increased in human and mouse GVHD biopsies. Intestinal epithelial barrier loss mediated by MLCK210 is therefore a key driver of the GVHD propagation. These data suggest that inhibition of MLCK210-dependent barrier regulation may be an effective approach to limiting GVHD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Nalle
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ma Lora Drizella M Ong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gurminder Singh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alicia M Worthylake
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wangsun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mario Cabrero Manresa
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna P Southworth
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Center for Inflammation and Immunity, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gregory J Baker
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nora E Joseph
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter A Savage
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Mathews DV, Dong Y, Higginbotham LB, Kim SC, Breeden CP, Stobert EA, Jenkins J, Tso JY, Larsen CP, Adams AB. CD122 signaling in CD8+ memory T cells drives costimulation-independent rejection. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4557-4572. [PMID: 30222140 DOI: 10.1172/jci95914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrupting T cell costimulatory signals as a strategy to control undesired immune responses, such as occur in autoimmunity or transplantation, has the potential to alleviate many of the unwanted side effects associated with current immunosuppressive therapies. Belatacept, a high-affinity version of CTLA4-Ig that blocks ligand ligation to CD28, has been approved for use in kidney transplant recipients. Despite the long-term benefits associated with its use, such as improved renal function and lower cardiovascular risk, a subset of patients treated with belatacept experience elevated rates of acute T cell-mediated rejection, tempering enthusiasm for its use. Here we demonstrate that costimulation-independent T cell alloreactivity relies on signaling through CD122, the shared IL-2 and IL-15 receptor β-chain. Combined costimulatory and CD122 blockade improved survival of transplanted tissue in mice and nonhuman primates by controlling proliferation and effector function of CD8+ T cells. The high-affinity IL-2 receptor was dispensable for memory CD8+ T cell responses, whereas signaling through CD122 as a component of the high-affinity IL-15 receptor was critical for costimulation-independent memory CD8+ T cell recall, distinguishing specific roles for IL-2 and IL-15 in T cell activation. These studies outline a novel approach for clinical optimization of costimulatory blockade strategies in transplantation by targeting CD122.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Mathews
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ying Dong
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Steven C Kim
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Yun Tso
- JN Biosciences, Mountain View, California, USA
| | - Christian P Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew B Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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30
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Luo X, Chen J, Schroeder JA, Allen KP, Baumgartner CK, Malarkannan S, Hu J, Williams CB, Shi Q. Platelet Gene Therapy Promotes Targeted Peripheral Tolerance by Clonal Deletion and Induction of Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1950. [PMID: 30237796 PMCID: PMC6136275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of gene therapy as well as of biologic therapeutics is often hampered by the immune response of the subject receiving the therapy. We have reported that effective gene therapy for hemophilia utilizing platelets as a delivery vehicle engenders profound tolerance to the therapeutic product. In this study, we investigated whether this strategy can be applied to induce immune tolerance to a non-coagulant protein and explored the fundamental mechanism of immune tolerance induced by platelet-targeted gene delivery. We used ovalbumin (OVA) as a surrogate non-coagulant protein and constructed a lentiviral vector in which OVA is driven by the platelet-specific αIIb promoter. Platelet-specific OVA expression was introduced by bone marrow transduction and transplantation. Greater than 95% of OVA was stored in platelet α-granules. Control mice immunized with OVA generated OVA-specific IgG antibodies; however, mice expressing OVA in platelets did not. Furthermore, OVA expression in platelets was sufficient to prevent the rejection of skin grafts from CAG-OVA mice, demonstrating that immune tolerance developed in platelet-specific OVA-transduced recipients. To assess the mechanism(s) involved in this tolerance we used OTII mice that express CD4+ effector T cells specific for an OVA-derived peptide. After platelet-specific OVA gene transfer, these mice showed normal thymic maturation of the T cells ruling against central tolerance. In the periphery, tolerance involved elimination of OVA-specific CD4+ effector T cells by apoptosis and expansion of an OVA-specific regulatory T cell population. These experiments reveal the existence of natural peripheral tolerance processes to platelet granule contents which can be co-opted to deliver therapeutically important products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Luo
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jocelyn A Schroeder
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Resource Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,MACC Fund Research Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kenneth P Allen
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Resource Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Resource Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Calvin B Williams
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Resource Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Qizhen Shi
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Resource Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,MACC Fund Research Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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31
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Laurie SJ, Liu D, Wagener ME, Stark PC, Terhorst C, Ford ML. 2B4 Mediates Inhibition of CD8 + T Cell Responses via Attenuation of Glycolysis and Cell Division. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:1536-1548. [PMID: 30012849 PMCID: PMC6103805 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that 2B4 expression on memory T cells in human renal transplant recipients was associated with reduced rates of rejection. To investigate whether 2B4 functionally underlies graft acceptance during transplantation, we established an experimental model in which 2B4 was retrogenically expressed on donor-reactive murine CD8+ T cells (2B4rg), which were then transferred into naive recipients prior to skin transplantation. We found that constitutive 2B4 expression resulted in significantly reduced accumulation of donor-reactive CD8+ T cells following transplantation and significantly prolonged graft survival following transplantation. This marked reduction in alloreactivity was due to reduced proliferation of CD8+ Thy1.1+ 2B4rg cells as compared with control cells, underpinned by extracellular flux analyses demonstrating that 2B4-deficient (2B4KO) CD8+ cells activated in vitro exhibited increased glycolytic capacity and upregulation of gene expression profiles consistent with enhanced glycolytic machinery as compared with wild type controls. Furthermore, 2B4KO CD8+ T cells primed in vivo exhibited significantly enhanced ex vivo uptake of a fluorescent glucose analogue. Finally, the proliferative advantage associated with 2B4 deficiency was only observed in the setting of glucose sufficiency; in glucose-poor conditions, 2B4KO CD8+ T cells lost their proliferative advantage. Together, these data indicate that 2B4 signals function to alter T cell glucose metabolism, thereby limiting the proliferation and accumulation of CD8+ T cells. Targeting 2B4 may therefore represent a novel therapeutic strategy to attenuate unwanted CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danya Liu
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | | | | | - Cox Terhorst
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
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32
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Bozeman AM, Laurie SJ, Haridas D, Wagener ME, Ford ML. Transplantation preferentially induces a KLRG-1 lo CD127 hi differentiation program in antigen-specific CD8 + T cells. Transpl Immunol 2018; 50:34-42. [PMID: 29885905 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Models of infection have shaped our understanding of programmed memory T cell differentiation, yet whether these models apply to memory programming in the context of transplantation has yet to be defined. Previous work has identified differences in the response of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to cognate antigen based on the environment in which the antigen is presented. Thus, we hypothesized that programming of antigen specific CD8+ T cells responding to graft and pathogen may be dissimilar. Here we find that antigen-specific CD8+ T cells primed by a skin graft contract faster than those primed by gammaherpesvirus (gHV), yet are able to expand more rapidly upon rechallenge. Moreover, graft-primed antigen-specific CD8+ T cells exhibited higher frequencies of cells secreting IL-2 and demonstrate lower expression of KLRG-1, which are qualities suggestive of increased recall potential. Additionally, the expression of CD127 at a memory time point suggests graft-elicited CD8+ antigen specific T cells are maintained in a less terminally-differentiated state compared to gHV-elicited CD8+ antigen specific T cells, despite fewer cells being present at that time point. Taken together, our findings suggest that the surface marker expression and functional profiles of T cells depends on the priming conditions and may be used to predict immunologic risk following transplantation after traditional allosensitization or heterologous immune priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M Bozeman
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta 30322, Georgia.
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33
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Alloantigen expression on malignant cells and healthy host tissue influences graft-versus-tumor reactions after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:807-819. [PMID: 29362503 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-017-0071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Durable remissions of hematological malignancies regularly observed following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) are due to the conditioning regimen, as well as an immunological phenomenon called graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) or graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. The development of GVL is closely linked to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the main side effect associated with aHSCT. Both, GVHD and GVL are mediated by donor T cells that are initially activated by antigen-presenting cells that present recipient-derived alloantigens in the context of either matched or mismatched MHC class I molecules. Using murine models of aHSCT we show that ubiquitously expressed minor histocompatibility alloantigens (mHAg) are no relevant target for GVT effects. Interestingly, certain ubiquitously expressed MHC alloantigens augmented GVT effects early after transplantation, while others did not. The magnitude of GVT effects correlated with tumor infiltration by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the immune response underlying GVHD and GVT was oligoclonal, highlighting that immunodominance is an important factor during alloimmune responses. These results emphasize that alloantigen expression on non-hematopoietic tissues can influence GVT effects in a previously unrecognized fashion. These findings bear significance for harnessing optimal GVL effects in patients receiving aHSCT.
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Liu D, Badell IR, Ford ML. Selective CD28 blockade attenuates CTLA-4-dependent CD8+ memory T cell effector function and prolongs graft survival. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96378. [PMID: 29321374 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells pose a significant problem to successful therapeutic control of unwanted immune responses during autoimmunity and transplantation, as they are differentially controlled by cosignaling receptors such as CD28 and CTLA-4. Treatment with abatacept and belatacept impede CD28 signaling by binding to CD80 and CD86, but they also have the unintended consequence of blocking the ligands for CTLA-4, a process that may inadvertently boost effector responses. Here, we show that a potentially novel anti-CD28 domain antibody (dAb) that selectively blocks CD28 but preserves CTLA-4 coinhibition confers improved allograft survival in sensitized recipients as compared with CTLA-4 Ig. However, both CTLA-4 Ig and anti-CD28 dAb similarly and significantly reduced the accumulation of donor-reactive CD8+ memory T cells, demonstrating that regulation of the expansion of CD8+ memory T cell populations is controlled in part by CD28 signals and is not significantly impacted by CTLA-4. In contrast, selective CD28 blockade was superior to CTLA-4 Ig in inhibiting IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2 production by CD8+ memory T cells, which in turn resulted in reduced recruitment of innate CD11b+ monocytes into allografts. Importantly, this superiority was CTLA-4 dependent, demonstrating that effector function of CD8+ memory T cells is regulated by the balance of CD28 and CTLA-4 signaling.
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Badell IR, La Muraglia GM, Liu D, Wagener ME, Ding G, Ford ML. Selective CD28 Blockade Results in Superior Inhibition of Donor-Specific T Follicular Helper Cell and Antibody Responses Relative to CTLA4-Ig. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:89-101. [PMID: 28637095 PMCID: PMC5740006 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are a barrier to improved long-term outcomes after kidney transplantation. Costimulation blockade with CTLA4-Ig has shown promise as a potential therapeutic strategy to control DSAs. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells required for optimal antibody production, are reliant on the CD28 costimulatory pathway. We have previously shown that selective CD28 blockade leads to superior allograft survival through improved control of CD8+ T cells relative to CTLA4-Ig, but the impact of CD28-specific blockade on CD4+ Tfh cells is unknown. Thus, we identified and characterized donor-reactive Tfh cells in a murine skin transplant model and then used this model to evaluate the impact of selective CD28 blockade with an anti-CD28 domain antibody (dAb) on the donor-specific Tfh cell-mediated immune response. We observed that the anti-CD28 dAb led to superior inhibition of donor-reactive CXCR5+ PD-1high Tfh cells, CD95+ GL7+ germinal center B cells and DSA formation compared with CTLA4-Ig. Interestingly, donor-reactive Tfh cells differentially upregulated CTLA4 expression, suggesting an important role for CTLA4 in mediating the superior inhibition observed with the anti-CD28 dAb. Therefore, selective CD28 blockade as a novel approach to control Tfh cell responses and prevent DSA after kidney transplantation warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- IR Badell
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA, USA,Corresponding Author: I. Raul Badell, MD,
| | | | - D Liu
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - ME Wagener
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - G Ding
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - ML Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Lymphocytes in Placental Tissues: Immune Regulation and Translational Possibilities for Immunotherapy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5738371. [PMID: 29348758 PMCID: PMC5733952 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5738371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune modulation at the fetomaternal interface is crucial to ensure that the fetal allograft is not rejected. In the present review, the focus is to describe basic functions of lymphocyte populations and how they may contribute to fetomaternal immune regulation, as well as determining what proportions and effector functions of these cells are reported to be present in placental tissues in humans. Also explored is the possibility that unique cell populations at the fetomaternal interface may be targets for adoptive cell therapy. Increasing the understanding of immune modulation during pregnancy can give valuable insight into other established fields such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid organ transplantation. In these settings, lymphocytes are key components that contribute to inflammation and rejection of either patient or donor tissues following transplantation. In contrast, an allogeneic fetus eludes rejection by the maternal immune system.
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Gurevich I, Feferman T, Milo I, Tal O, Golani O, Drexler I, Shakhar G. Active dissemination of cellular antigens by DCs facilitates CD8 + T-cell priming in lymph nodes. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1802-1818. [PMID: 28872666 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antigen (Ag) specific activation of naïve T cells by migrating dendritic cells (DCs) is a highly efficient process, although the chances for their colocalization in lymph nodes (LNs) appear low. Ag presentation may be delegated from Ag-donor DCs to the abundant resident DCs, but the routes of Ag transfer and how it facilitates T-cell activation remain unclear. We visualized CD8+ T cell-DC interactions to study the sites, routes, and cells mediating Ag transfer in mice. In vitro, Ag transfer from isolated ovalbumin (OVA)+ bone marrow (BM) DCs triggered widespread arrest, Ca2+ flux, and CD69 upregulation in OT-I T cells contacting recipient DCs. Intravital two-photon imaging revealed that survival of Ag-donor DCs in LNs was required for Ag dissemination among resident CD11c+ DCs. Upon interaction with recipient DCs, CD8+ T cells clustered, upregulated CD69, proliferated and differentiated into effectors. Few DCs sufficed for activation, and for efficient Ag dissemination lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) expression on recipient DCs was essential. Similar findings characterized DCs infected with a replication-deficient OVA-expressing Vaccinia virus known to downregulate MHC-I. Overall, active Ag dissemination from live incoming DCs helped activate CD8+ T cells by increasing the number of effective presenting cells and salvaged T-cell priming when Ag-donor DCs could not present Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gurevich
- Department of Immunology and Veterinary Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tali Feferman
- Department of Immunology and Veterinary Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Idan Milo
- Department of Immunology and Veterinary Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Orna Tal
- Department of Immunology and Veterinary Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Veterinary Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guy Shakhar
- Department of Immunology and Veterinary Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Alloimmunity But Not Viral Immunity Promotes Allograft Loss in a Mouse Model of Polyomavirus-Associated Allograft Injury. Transplant Direct 2017; 3:e161. [PMID: 28620645 PMCID: PMC5464780 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interplay between viral infection and alloimmunity is known to influence the fate of transplanted organs. Clarifying how local virus-associated inflammation/injury and antiviral immunity can alter host alloimmune responses in transplantation remains a critical question. Methods We used a mouse model of polyomavirus (PyV) infection and kidney transplantation to investigate the roles of direct viral pathology, the antiviral immune response, and alloimmunity in the pathogenesis of PyV-associated allograft injury. We have previously shown that an effective primary T cell response is required in PyV-associated graft injury. Results Here we show that the transfer of primed antidonor, but not antiviral, T cells results in PyV-associated allograft injury. In further studies, we use a surrogate minor antigen model (ovalbumin) and show that only antidonor specific T cells and not antiviral specific T cells are sufficient to mediate injury. Lastly, we demonstrate that local but not systemic virus-mediated inflammation and injury within the graft itself are required. Conclusions These data suggest that in this mouse model, the predominant mechanism of allograft injury in PyV-associated injury is due to an augmented alloimmune T cell response driven by virus-induced inflammation/injury within the graft. These studies highlight the important interplay between viral infection and alloimmunity in a model system.
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Kitchens WH, Dong Y, Mathews DV, Breeden CP, Strobert E, Fuentes ME, Larsen CP, Ford ML, Adams AB. Interruption of OX40L signaling prevents costimulation blockade-resistant allograft rejection. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90317. [PMID: 28289708 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of costimulation blockade to serve as a novel transplant immunosuppression strategy has been explored for over 20 years, culminating in the recent clinical approval of belatacept for renal transplant patients. Despite improving long-term graft function and survival compared with calcineurin inhibitors, clinical acceptance of belatacept has been hindered by elevated rates of acute rejection. We examined the signaling pathways required to activate costimulation blockade-resistant alloreactive T cells and identified the OX40/OX40L secondary costimulatory pathway as a promising target. We next sought to improve the clinical efficacy of traditional costimulation blockade using belatacept by coupling it with anti-OX40L. Using a murine transplant model, we demonstrate that combined blockade enhances the suppression of alloreactive T cell proliferation and effector functions including both cytokine release and cytotoxic degranulation. We also show that anti-OX40L may be particularly useful in targeting alloreactive memory T cell responses that are relatively unaffected by traditional costimulation blockade regimens. Finally, we translated this therapy to a clinically relevant nonhuman primate renal transplant model, validating the efficacy of this regimen in a potentially novel steroid- and calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppression regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Kitchens
- Emory Transplant Center.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew B Adams
- Emory Transplant Center.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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40
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Short-course rapamycin treatment enables engraftment of immunogenic gene-engineered bone marrow under low-dose irradiation to permit long-term immunological tolerance. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:57. [PMID: 28279220 PMCID: PMC5345164 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Application of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells is increasingly mooted as a clinically relevant approach to protein replacement therapy, immune tolerance induction or conditions where both outcomes may be helpful. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC)-mediated gene therapy often requires highly toxic pretransfer recipient conditioning to provide a ‘niche’ so that transferred HSPCs can engraft effectively and to prevent immune rejection of neoantigen-expressing engineered HSPCs. For widespread clinical application, reducing conditioning toxicity is an important requirement, but reduced conditioning can render neoantigen-expressing bone marrow (BM) and HSC susceptible to immune rejection if immunity is retained. Methods BM or HSPC-expressing OVA ubiquitously (actin.OVA) or targeted to MHC II+ cells was transferred using low-dose (300 cGy) total body irradiation. Recipients were administered rapamycin, cyclosporine or vehicle for 3 weeks commencing at BM transfer. Engraftment was determined using CD45 congenic donors and recipients. Induction of T-cell tolerance was tested by immunising recipients and analysing in-vivo cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. The effect of rapamycin on transient effector function during tolerance induction was tested using an established model of tolerance induction where antigen is targeted to dendritic cells. Results Immune rejection of neoantigen-expressing BM and HSPCs after low-dose irradiation was prevented by a short course of rapamycin, but not cyclosporine, treatment. Whereas transient T-cell tolerance developed in recipients of OVA-expressing BM administered vehicle, only when engraftment of neoantigen-expressing BM was facilitated with rapamycin treatment did stable, long-lasting T-cell tolerance develop. Rapamycin inhibited transient effector function development during tolerance induction and inhibited development of CTL activity in recipients of OVA-expressing BM. Conclusions Rapamycin acts to suppress acquisition of transient T-cell effector function during peripheral tolerance induction elicited by HSPC-encoded antigen. By facilitating engraftment, short-course rapamycin permits development of long-term stable T-cell tolerance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0508-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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41
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Sanderson NSR, Zimmermann M, Eilinger L, Gubser C, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Lindberg RLP, Dougan SK, Ploegh HL, Kappos L, Derfuss T. Cocapture of cognate and bystander antigens can activate autoreactive B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:734-739. [PMID: 28057865 PMCID: PMC5278454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614472114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are associated with autoimmune central nervous system diseases like acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). For ADEM, it is speculated that a preceding infection is the trigger of the autoimmune response, but the mechanism connecting the infection to the production of MOG antibodies remains a mystery. We reasoned that the ability of B cells to capture cognate antigen from cell membranes, along with small quantities of coexpressed "bystander" antigens, might enable B-cell escape from tolerance. We tested this hypothesis using influenza hemagglutinin as a model viral antigen and transgenic, MOG-specific B cells. Using flow cytometry and live and fixed cell microscopy, we show that MOG-specific B cells take up large amounts of MOG from cell membranes. Uptake of the antigen from the membrane leads to a strong activation of the capturing B cell. When influenza hemagglutinin is also present in the membrane of the target cell, it can be cocaptured with MOG by MOG-specific B cells via the B-cell receptor. Hemagglutinin and MOG are both presented to T cells, which in turn are activated and proliferate. As a consequence, MOG-specific B cells get help from hemagglutinin-specific T cells to produce anti-MOG antibodies. In vivo, the transfer of MOG-specific B cells into recipient mice after the cocapture of MOG and hemagglutinin leads to the production of class-switched anti-MOG antibodies, dependent on the presence of hemagglutinin-specific T cells. This mechanism offers a link between infection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S R Sanderson
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Maria Zimmermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Eilinger
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Gubser
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raija L P Lindberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Clinic of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Smyth LA, Lechler RI, Lombardi G. Continuous Acquisition of MHC:Peptide Complexes by Recipient Cells Contributes to the Generation of Anti-Graft CD8 + T Cell Immunity. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:60-68. [PMID: 27495898 PMCID: PMC5213774 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition following tissue transplantation is essential in the design of tolerance-promoting protocols. On the basis that donor bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells are eliminated within days of transplantation, it has been argued that the indirect response represents the major threat to long-term transplant survival, and is consequently the key target for regulation. However, the detection of MHC transfer between cells, and particularly the capture of MHC:peptide complexes by dendritic cells (DCs), led us to propose a third, semidirect, pathway of MHC allorecognition. Persistence of this pathway would lead to sustained activation of direct-pathway T cells, arguably persisting for the life of the transplant. In this study, we focused on the contribution of acquired MHC-class I on recipient DCs during the life span of a skin graft. We observed that MHC-class I acquisition by recipient DCs occurs for at least 1 month following transplantation and may be the main source of alloantigen that drives CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses. In addition, acquired MHC-class I:peptide complexes stimulate T cell responses in vivo, further emphasizing the need to regulate both pathways to induce indefinite survival of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Smyth
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for TransplantationKing's College LondonLondonUK,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research CentreGuy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK,School of Health, Sport and BioscienceUniversity of East LondonLondonUK
| | - R. I. Lechler
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for TransplantationKing's College LondonLondonUK,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research CentreGuy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - G. Lombardi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for TransplantationKing's College LondonLondonUK,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research CentreGuy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
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Érsek B, Lupsa N, Pócza P, Tóth A, Horváth A, Molnár V, Bagita B, Bencsik A, Hegyesi H, Matolcsy A, Buzás EI, Pós Z. Unique patterns of CD8+ T-cell-mediated organ damage in the Act-mOVA/OT-I model of acute graft-versus-host disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3935-47. [PMID: 27137185 PMCID: PMC11108436 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic models of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) offer a straightforward and highly controlled approach to study the mechanisms and consequences of T-cell activation following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). Here, we report that aHSCT involving OT-I mice as donors, carrying an ovalbumin-specific CD8+ TCR, and Act-mOVA mice as recipients, expressing membrane-bound ovalbumin driven by the β-actin promoter, induces lethal aGvHD in a CD8+ T-cell-dependent, highly reproducible manner, within 4-7 days. Tracking of UBC-GFP/OT-I graft CD8+ T cells disclosed heavy infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lungs at the onset of the disease, and histology confirmed hallmark features of gastrointestinal aGVHD, hepatic aGvHD, and aGvHD-associated lymphocytic bronchitis in infiltrated organs. However, T-cell infiltration was virtually absent in the skin, a key target organ of human aGvHD, and histology confirmed the absence of cutaneous aGVHD, as well. We show that the model allows studying CD8+ T-cell responses in situ, as selective recovery of graft CD45.1/OT-I CD8+ T cells from target organs is simple and feasible by automated tissue dissociation and subsequent cell sorting. Assessment of interferon-gamma production by flow cytometry, granzyme-B release by ELISA, TREC assay, and whole-genome gene expression profiling confirmed that isolated graft CD8+ T cells remained intact, underwent clonal expansion, and exerted effector functions in all affected tissues. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the OT-I/Act-mOVA model is suitable to study the CD8+ T-cell-mediated effector mechanisms in a disease closely resembling fatal human gastrointestinal and hepatic aGVHD that may develop after aHSCT using HLA-matched unrelated donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Érsek
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, "Lendület" Experimental and Translational Immunomics Research Group, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Lupsa
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, "Lendület" Experimental and Translational Immunomics Research Group, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Pócza
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Tóth
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, "Lendület" Experimental and Translational Immunomics Research Group, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andor Horváth
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, "Lendület" Experimental and Translational Immunomics Research Group, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Molnár
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- Csertex Research Laboratory, 1037, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Bagita
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, "Lendület" Experimental and Translational Immunomics Research Group, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bencsik
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, "Lendület" Experimental and Translational Immunomics Research Group, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hargita Hegyesi
- "Frédéric Joliot-Curie" Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, 1221, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Matolcsy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pós
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, "Lendület" Experimental and Translational Immunomics Research Group, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
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Hey YY, O’Neill HC. Antigen Presenting Properties of a Myeloid Dendritic-Like Cell in Murine Spleen. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162358. [PMID: 27654936 PMCID: PMC5031434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper distinguishes a rare subset of myeloid dendritic-like cells found in mouse spleen from conventional (c) dendritic cells (DC) in terms of phenotype, function and gene expression. These cells are tentatively named “L-DC” since they resemble dendritic-like cells produced in longterm cultures of spleen. L-DC can be distinguished on the basis of their unique phenotype as CD11bhiCD11cloMHCII-CD43+Ly6C-Ly6G-Siglec-F- cells. They demonstrate similar ability as cDC to uptake and retain complex antigens like mannan via mannose receptors, but much lower ability to endocytose and retain soluble antigen. While L-DC differ from cDC by their inability to activate CD4+ T cells, they are capable of antigen cross-presentation for activation of CD8+ T cells, although less effectively so than the cDC subsets. In terms of gene expression, CD8- cDC and CD8+ cDC are quite distinct from L-DC. CD8+ cDC are distinguishable from the other two subsets by expression of CD24a, Clec9a, Xcr1 and Tlr11, while CD8- cDC are distinguished by expression of Ccnd1 and H-2Eb2. L-DC are distinct from the two cDC subsets through upregulated expression of Clec4a3, Emr4, Itgam, Csf1r and CD300ld. The L-DC gene profile is quite distinct from that of cDC, confirming a myeloid cell type with distinct antigen presenting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-ying Hey
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Clem Jones Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen C. O’Neill
- Clem Jones Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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45
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Evans RA, Diamond MS, Rech AJ, Chao T, Richardson MW, Lin JH, Bajor DL, Byrne KT, Stanger BZ, Riley JL, Markosyan N, Winograd R, Vonderheide RH. Lack of immunoediting in murine pancreatic cancer reversed with neoantigen. JCI Insight 2016; 1:88328. [PMID: 27642636 PMCID: PMC5026128 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In carcinogen-driven cancers, a high mutational burden results in neoepitopes that can be recognized immunologically. Such carcinogen-induced tumors may evade this immune response through "immunoediting," whereby tumors adapt to immune pressure and escape T cell-mediated killing. Many tumors lack a high neoepitope burden, and it remains unclear whether immunoediting occurs in such cases. Here, we evaluated T cell immunity in an autochthonous mouse model of pancreatic cancer and found a low mutational burden, absence of predicted neoepitopes derived from tumor mutations, and resistance to checkpoint immunotherapy. Spontaneous tumor progression was identical in the presence or absence of T cells. Moreover, tumors arising in T cell-depleted mice grew unchecked in immune-competent hosts. However, introduction of the neoantigen ovalbumin (OVA) led to tumor rejection and T cell memory, but this did not occur in OVA immune-tolerant mice. Thus, immunoediting does not occur in this mouse model - a likely consequence, not a cause, of absent neoepitopes. Because many human tumors also have a low missense mutational load and minimal neoepitope burden, our findings have clinical implications for the design of immunotherapy for patients with such tumors.
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46
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Serbanescu MA, Ramonell KM, Hadley A, Margoles LM, Mittal R, Lyons JD, Liang Z, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML, McConnell KW. Attrition of memory CD8 T cells during sepsis requires LFA-1. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1167-1180. [PMID: 27286793 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a1215-563rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cell loss and dysfunction have been implicated in the increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections during the later immunosuppressive phase of sepsis, but CD8 T cell activation and attrition in early sepsis remain incompletely understood. With the use of a CLP model, we assessed CD8 T cell activation at 5 consecutive time points and found that activation after sepsis results in a distinct phenotype (CD69+CD25intCD62LHI) independent of cognate antigen recognition and TCR engagement and likely through bystander-mediated cytokine effects. Additionally, we observed that sepsis concurrently results in the preferential depletion of a subset of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells that remain "unactivated" (i.e., fail to up-regulate activation markers) by apoptosis. Unactivated CD44HI OT-I cells were spared from sepsis-induced attrition, as were memory-phenotype CD8 T cells of mice treated with anti-LFA-1 mAb, 1 h after CLP. Perhaps most importantly, we demonstrate that attrition of memory phenotype cells may have a pathologic significance, as elevated IL-6 levels were associated with decreased numbers of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells in septic mice, and preservation of this subset after administration of anti-LFA-1 mAb conferred improved survival at 7 d. Taken together, these data identify potentially modifiable responses of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells in early sepsis and may be particularly important in the application of immunomodulatory therapies in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Serbanescu
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly M Ramonell
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Annette Hadley
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lindsay M Margoles
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and
| | - Rohit Mittal
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John D Lyons
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin W McConnell
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
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47
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Huang L, Ou R, Rabelo de Souza G, Cunha TM, Lemos H, Mohamed E, Li L, Pacholczyk G, Randall J, Munn DH, Mellor AL. Virus Infections Incite Pain Hypersensitivity by Inducing Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005615. [PMID: 27168185 PMCID: PMC4863962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased pain sensitivity is a comorbidity associated with many clinical diseases, though the underlying causes are poorly understood. Recently, chronic pain hypersensitivity in rodents treated to induce chronic inflammation in peripheral tissues was linked to enhanced tryptophan catabolism in brain mediated by indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). Here we show that acute influenza A virus (IAV) and chronic murine leukemia retrovirus (MuLV) infections, which stimulate robust IDO expression in lungs and lymphoid tissues, induced acute or chronic pain hypersensitivity, respectively. In contrast, virus-induced pain hypersensitivity did not manifest in mice lacking intact IDO1 genes. Spleen IDO activity increased markedly as MuLV infections progressed, while IDO1 expression was not elevated significantly in brain or spinal cord (CNS) tissues. Moreover, kynurenine (Kyn), a tryptophan catabolite made by cells expressing IDO, incited pain hypersensitivity in uninfected IDO1-deficient mice and Kyn potentiated pain hypersensitivity due to MuLV infection. MuLV infection stimulated selective IDO expression by a discreet population of spleen cells expressing both B cell (CD19) and dendritic cell (CD11c) markers (CD19+ DCs). CD19+ DCs were more susceptible to MuLV infection than B cells or conventional (CD19neg) DCs, proliferated faster than B cells from early stages of MuLV infection and exhibited mature antigen presenting cell (APC) phenotypes, unlike conventional (CD19neg) DCs. Moreover, interactions with CD4 T cells were necessary to sustain functional IDO expression by CD19+ DCs in vitro and in vivo. Splenocytes from MuLV-infected IDO1-sufficient mice induced pain hypersensitivity in uninfected IDO1-deficient recipient mice, while selective in vivo depletion of DCs alleviated pain hypersensitivity in MuLV-infected IDO1-sufficient mice and led to rapid reduction in splenomegaly, a hallmark of MuLV immune pathogenesis. These findings reveal critical roles for CD19+ DCs expressing IDO in host responses to MuLV infection that enhance pain hypersensitivity and cause immune pathology. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis elevated IDO activity in non-CNS due to virus infections causes pain hypersensitivity mediated by Kyn. Previously unappreciated links between host immune responses to virus infections and pain sensitivity suggest that IDO inhibitors may alleviate heightened pain sensitivity during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rong Ou
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guilherme Rabelo de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Lemos
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eslam Mohamed
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lingqian Li
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Pacholczyk
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Janice Randall
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David H. Munn
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Mellor
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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48
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Zheng X, Halle S, Yu K, Mishra P, Scherr M, Pietzsch S, Willenzon S, Janssen A, Boelter J, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Eder M, Förster R. Cardiomyocytes display low mitochondrial priming and are highly resistant toward cytotoxic T-cell killing. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1415-26. [PMID: 26970349 PMCID: PMC5071700 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Following heart transplantation, alloimmune responses can cause graft rejection by damaging donor vascular and parenchymal cells. However, it remains unclear whether cardiomyocytes are also directly killed by immune cells. Here, we used two‐photon microscopy to investigate how graft‐specific effector CD8+ T cells interact with cardiomyocytes in a mouse heart transplantation model. Surprisingly, we observed that CD8+ T cells are completely impaired in killing cardiomyocytes. Even after virus‐mediated preactivation, antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells largely fail to lyse these cells although both cell types engage in dynamic interactions. Furthermore, we established a two‐photon microscopy‐based assay using intact myocardium to determine the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to undergo apoptosis. This feature, also known as mitochondrial priming reveals an unexpected weak predisposition of cardiomyocytes to undergo apoptosis in situ. These observations together with the early exhaustion phenotype of graft‐infiltrating specific T cells provide an explanation why cardiomyocytes are largely protected from direct CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pooja Mishra
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Pietzsch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Boelter
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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49
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Krummey SM, Martinez RJ, Andargachew R, Liu D, Wagener M, Kohlmeier JE, Evavold BD, Larsen CP, Ford ML. Low-Affinity Memory CD8+ T Cells Mediate Robust Heterologous Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2838-46. [PMID: 26864034 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous immunity is recognized as a significant barrier to transplant tolerance. Whereas it has been established that pathogen-elicited memory T cells can have high or low affinity for cross-reactive allogeneic peptide-MHC, the role of TCR affinity during heterologous immunity has not been explored. We established a model with which to investigate the impact of TCR-priming affinity on memory T cell populations following a graft rechallenge. In contrast to high-affinity priming, low-affinity priming elicited fully differentiated memory T cells with a CD45RB(hi) status. High CD45RB status enabled robust secondary responses in vivo, as demonstrated by faster graft rejection kinetics and greater proliferative responses. CD45RB blockade prolonged graft survival in low affinity-primed mice, but not in high affinity-primed mice. Mechanistically, low affinity-primed memory CD8(+) T cells produced more IL-2 and significantly upregulated IL-2Rα expression during rechallenge. We found that CD45RB(hi) status was also a stable marker of priming affinity within polyclonal CD8(+) T cell populations. Following high-affinity rechallenge, low affinity-primed CD45RB(hi) cells became CD45RB(lo), demonstrating that CD45RB status acts as an affinity-based differentiation switch on CD8(+) T cells. Thus, these data establish a novel mechanism by which CD45 isoforms tune low affinity-primed memory CD8(+) T cells to become potent secondary effectors following heterologous rechallenge. These findings have direct implications for allogeneic heterologous immunity by demonstrating that despite a lower precursor frequency, low-affinity priming is sufficient to generate memory cells that mediate potent secondary responses against a cross-reactive graft challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Rakieb Andargachew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Danya Liu
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | | | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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50
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Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Pakyari M, Jalili RB, Salimi-Elizei S, Lai JCY, Poormasjedi-Meibod M, Kilani RT, Dutz J, Ghahary A. Tolerogenic effect of mouse fibroblasts on dendritic cells. Immunology 2016; 148:22-33. [PMID: 26789277 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is controversy about the immunomodulatory effect of fibroblasts on dendritic cells (DCs). To clarify this issue, in this study, we have evaluated different features of fibroblast-primed DCs including their ability to express co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their ability to induce T-cell proliferation. We also examined migratory capacity of DCs to lymphatic tissues and present fibroblast-derived antigens after encountering fibroblasts. The results of our in vitro study showed that both co-inhibitory (programmed death ligand 1 and ligand 2 and B7H4) and co-stimulatory (CD86) molecules were up-regulated when DCs were co-cultured with fibroblasts. In an animal model, we showed that intra- peritoneal injection (IP) of both syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts significantly increased both total DC count and expression level of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules on DCs. Priming of DCs with syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts reduced the proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Even activation of fibroblast- primed DCs failed to restore their ability to induce T-cell proliferation. Likewise, priming of DCs with fibroblasts blocked the ability of ovalbumin-pulsed DCs to induce proliferation of ovalbumin-specific CD4(+) T cells. Compared with non-activated DCs, fibroblast-primed DCs had significantly higher expression levels of interleukin-10 and indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase. Fibroblast-primed DCs had a significantly reduced interleukin-12 expression level compared with that of activated DCs. After priming with fibroblasts, DCs were able to migrate to lymphatic tissues and present fibroblast-derived antigens (ovalbumin). In conclusion, after priming with fibroblasts, DCs gain tolerogenic features. This finding suggests the potential role of fibroblasts in the maintenance of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MohammadReza Pakyari
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Reza B Jalili
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sanam Salimi-Elizei
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline C Y Lai
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Family Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ruhangiz T Kilani
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jan Dutz
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Family Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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