1
|
Sun J, Li Y, Shi M, Tian H, Li J, Zhu K, Guo Y, Mu Y, Geng J, Li Z. A Positive Feedback Loop of lncRNA HOXD-AS2 and SMYD3 Facilitates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via the MEK/ERK Pathway. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1237-1256. [PMID: 37533602 PMCID: PMC10390764 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s416946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose HOX cluster-embedded long noncoding RNAs (HOX-lncRNAs) have been shown to be tightly related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the potential biological roles and underlying molecular mechanism of HOX-lncRNAs in HCC largely remains to be elucidated. Methods The expression signature of eighteen HOX-lncRNAs in HCC cell lines were measured by qRT-PCR. HOXD-AS2 expression and its clinical significance in HCC was investigated by bioinformatics analysis utilizing the TCGA data. Subcellular localization of HOXD-AS2 in HCC cells was observed by RNA-FISH. Loss‑of‑function experiments in vitro and in vivo were conducted to probe the roles of HOXD-AS2 in HCC. Potential HOXD-AS2-controlled genes and signaling pathways were revealed by RNA-seq. Rescue experiments were performed to validate that SMYD3 mediates HOXD-AS2 promoting HCC progression. The positive feedback loop of HOXD-AS2 and SMYD3 was identified by luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR. Results HOXD-AS2 was dramatically elevated in HCC, and its up-regulation exhibited a positive association with aggressive clinical features (T stage, pathologic stage, histologic grade, AFP level, and vascular invasion) and unfavorable prognosis of HCC patients. HOXD-AS2 was distributed both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of HCC cells. Knockdown of HOXD-AS2 restrained the proliferation, migration, invasion of HCC cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth in subcutaneous mouse model. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that SMYD3 expression and activity of MEK/ERK pathway were impaired by silencing HOXD-AS2 in HCC cells. Rescue experiments revealed that SMYD3 as downstream target mediated oncogenic functions of HOXD-AS2 in HCC cells through altering the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin E1, MMP2 as well as the activity of MEK/ERK pathway. Additionally, HOXD-AS2 was uncovered to be positively regulated at transcriptional level by its downstream gene of SMYD3. Conclusion HOXD-AS2, a novel oncogenic HOX-lncRNA, facilitates HCC progression by forming a positive feedback loop with SMYD3 and activating the MEK/ERK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Shi
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Tian
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Mu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Geng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatric General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’ an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dai D, Wu D, Ni R, Li P, Tian Z, Shui Y, Hu H, Wei Q. Novel insights into the progression and prognosis of the calpain family members in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive integrated analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1162409. [PMID: 37503539 PMCID: PMC10368982 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1162409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The goal of our bioinformatics study was to comprehensively analyze the association between the whole calpain family members and the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The landscape of the gene expression, copy number variation (CNV), mutation, and DNA methylation of calpain members were analyzed. Clustering analysis was performed to stratify the calpain-related groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-based Cox model was used to select hub survival genes. Results: We found 14 out of 16 calpain members expressed differently between tumor and normal tissues of HCC. The clustering analyses revealed high- and low-risk calpain groups which had prognostic difference. We found the high-risk calpain group had higher B cell infiltration and higher expression of immune checkpoint genes HAVCR2, PDCD1, and TIGHT. The CMap analysis found that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors LY-294002 and wortmannin might have a therapeutic effect on the high-risk calpain group. The DEGs between calpain groups were identified. Subsequent univariate Cox analysis of each DEG and LASSO-based Cox model obtained a calpain-related prognostic signature. The risk score model of this signature showed good ability to predict the overall survival of HCC patients in TCGA datasets and external validation datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the International Cancer Genome Consortium database. Conclusion: We found that calpain family members were associated with the progression, prognosis, and drug response of HCC. Our results require further studies to confirm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dehao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runliang Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Shui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanguang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Augustyniak A, McMahon H. Effect of Marine-Derived Saccharides on Human Skin Fibroblasts and Dermal Papilla Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:330. [PMID: 37367655 DOI: 10.3390/md21060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, composed of a diverse range of cell types, non-cellular components, and an extracellular matrix. With aging, molecules that are part of the extracellular matrix undergo qualitative and quantitative changes and the effects, such as a loss of skin firmness or wrinkles, can be visible. The changes caused by the aging process do not only affect the surface of the skin, but also extend to skin appendages such as hair follicles. In the present study, the ability of marine-derived saccharides, L-fucose and chondroitin sulphate disaccharide, to support skin and hair health and minimize the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic aging was investigated. The potential of the tested samples to prevent adverse changes in the skin and hair through stimulation of natural processes, cellular proliferation, and production of extracellular matrix components collagen, elastin, or glycosaminoglycans was investigated. The tested compounds, L-fucose and chondroitin sulphate disaccharide, supported skin and hair health, especially in terms of anti-aging effects. The obtained results indicate that both ingredients support and promote the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells, provide cells with a supply of sulphated disaccharide GAG building blocks, increase ECM molecule production (collagen and elastin) by HDFa, and support the growth phase of the hair cycle (anagen).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Augustyniak
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry, Clash, V92CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Helena McMahon
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry, Clash, V92CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Augustyniak A, Mc Mahon H. Dietary marine-derived ingredients for stimulating hair cell cycle. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114838. [PMID: 37156114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal condition human hair growth occurs through three phases, anagen (growth phase included about 85 % of hairs, last from 2 to 6 years), catagen (transitional phase lasting up to 2 weeks) and telogen (resting phase which last from 1 to 4 months). Natural dynamics of the hair growth process can be impaired by several factors, such as genetic predisposition, hormonal disorders, aging, poor nutrition or stress, which can lead to the slowdown in the growth of hair or even hair loss. The aim of the study was to assess the hair growth promotion effect of marine-derived ingredients, hair supplement Viviscal® and its raw components (marine protein complex AminoMarC®, shark and oyster extract). Cytotoxicity, production of alkaline phosphatase and glycosaminoglycans, as well as expression of genes involved in hair cycle-related pathways were investigated using dermal papilla cells, both immortalized and primary cell lines. Tested marine compounds showed no evidence of cytotoxicity under in vitro conditions. Viviscal® significantly increased proliferation of dermal papilla cells. Moreover, tested samples stimulated cells to produce alkaline phosphatase and glycosaminoglycans. Increased expression of hair cell cycle-related genes was also observed. The obtained results indicate that marine-derived ingredients stimulate hair growth through anagen activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Augustyniak
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, V92CX88 Tralee, Ireland.
| | - Helena Mc Mahon
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, V92CX88 Tralee, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang H, Xu F, Chen Y, Tian Z. Structural N-glycoproteomics characterization of cell-surface N-glycosylation of MCF-7/ADR cancer stem cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1219:123647. [PMID: 36870092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is responsible for the highest mortality all over the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) along with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) are identified as a driver of cancer which are responsible for cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Several signaling pathways are associated with drug resistance. Additionally, glycosyltransferases regulate different types of glycosylation which are involved in drug resistance. To the end, it is urgent to figure out the knowledge on cell-surface altered N-glycosylation and putative markers. Here, differential cell-surface intact N-glycopeptides in adriamycin (ADR)-resistant michigan breast cancer foundation-7 stem cells (MCF-7/ADR CSCs) relative to ADR-sensitive MCF-7 CSCs were analyzed with site- and structure-specific quantitative N-glycoproteomics. The intact N-glycopeptides and differentially expressed intact N-glycopeptides (DEGPs) were determined and quantified via intact N-glycopeptide search engine GPSeeker. Totally, 4777 intact N-glycopeptides were identified and N-glycan sequence structures among 2764 IDs were distinguished from their isomers by structure-diagnostic fragment ions. Among 1717 quantified intact N-glycopeptides, 104 DEGPs were determined (fold change ≥ 1.5 and p value < 0.05). Annotation of protein-protein interaction and biological processes among others of DEGPs were finally carried out; down-regulated intact N-glycopeptide with bisecting GlcNAc from p38-interacting protein and up-regulated intact N-glycopeptide with β1,6-branching N-glycan from integrin beta-5 were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Yang
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Zhixin Tian
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
OTUB2 Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by PJA1 Deubiquitylation. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:281-292. [PMID: 35611163 PMCID: PMC9124278 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have revealed that several deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) play important roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, but the roles of Otubain 2 (OTUB2) in HCC remain obscure. Methods In this study, we investigated the expression of OTUB2 in HCC based on clinical samples and a public online database (ENCORI), and its roles and working mechanisms were further explored by in vitro experiments. Results It was found that the expression of OTUB2 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues, and correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Functionally, the overexpression of OTUB2 could promote malignant proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells, while knockdown of OTUB2 exerted the opposite results. Using two bioinformatics tools, PJA1 was identified as a potential gene regulated by OTUB2. Mechanistically, it was found that OTUB2 promoted the stabilization of PJA1 by deubiquitylation, based on immunoprecipitation (IP) and cycloheximide (CHX) assays. Moreover, the suppressive effects of OTUB2 depletion on the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells could be reversed by overexpressing PJA1. Conclusion In conclusion, our study indicated that OTUB2 could promote the malignant proliferation and migration of HCC cells by increasing the stability of PJA1 via deubiquitylation.
Collapse
|
7
|
The role of the WNT signaling pathway in the maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2022; 39:42. [PMID: 35092507 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Paranasal sinus tumors are a rare type of cancer. Most of these tumors are of epithelial origin and 80% of them are maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. The WNT signaling pathway is an essential embryonic regulatory pathway known to play an important role in many cancers, including head and neck cancers. However, the effect of this pathway in maxillary sinus tumors has not been studied before. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the regulatory genes of the WNT signaling pathway in maxillary sinus tumors. For this purpose, total RNA was isolated from the pathological preparations of 85 patients who had previously been operated on for squamous cell maxillary sinus tumor, and gene expression changes were evaluated by real-time RT-qPCR. The interactions among proteins encoded by genes, whose expression levels were found to be decreased and increased, were determined by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis using string database, and signaling pathways that they are involved in were examined by Reactome database. A significant decrease in the expression of 28 genes compared to the control (fold change < 2.00 and p-value < 0.05) and a significant increase in the expression of 23 genes (fold change < 2.00 and p-value < 0.05) were detected. According to in silico analysis results, Signal Transduction (REACTOME:R-HSA-162582) and Signaling by WNT (REACTOME:R-HSA-195721) pathways were determined as most regulated pathways and FZD4-LRP5 and BCL9-CTNNB1 were determined as the strongest interactions. The current study contributes to illuminating the genetic regulation of maxillary sinus carcinoma in which genetic knowledge is limited. Our findings take attention to the dysregulations of the WNT signaling pathway that may support maxillary sinus carcinogenesis. The results will pave the way for further studies that investigate the therapy target potential of the WNT signaling pathway in this rare cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Garrett L, Da Silva-Buttkus P, Rathkolb B, Gerlini R, Becker L, Sanz-Moreno A, Seisenberger C, Zimprich A, Aguilar-Pimentel A, Amarie OV, Cho YL, Kraiger M, Spielmann N, Calzada-Wack J, Marschall S, Busch D, Schmitt-Weber C, Wolf E, Wurst W, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hölter SM, de Angelis MH. Post-synaptic scaffold protein TANC2 in psychiatric and somatic disease risk. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:273891. [PMID: 34964047 PMCID: PMC8906171 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the shared genetic aetiology of psychiatric and medical comorbidity in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) could improve patient diagnosis, stratification and treatment options. Rare tetratricopeptide repeat, ankyrin repeat and coiled-coil containing 2 (TANC2)-disrupting variants were disease causing in NDD patients. The post-synaptic scaffold protein TANC2 is essential for dendrite formation in synaptic plasticity and plays an unclarified but critical role in development. We here report a novel homozygous-viable Tanc2-disrupted function model in which mutant mice were hyperactive and had impaired sensorimotor gating consistent with NDD patient psychiatric endophenotypes. Yet, a multi-systemic analysis revealed the pleiotropic effects of Tanc2 outside the brain, such as growth failure and hepatocellular damage. This was associated with aberrant liver function including altered hepatocellular metabolism. Integrative analysis indicates that these disrupted Tanc2 systemic effects relate to interaction with Hippo developmental signalling pathway proteins and will increase the risk for comorbid somatic disease. This highlights how NDD gene pleiotropy can augment medical comorbidity susceptibility, underscoring the benefit of holistic NDD patient diagnosis and treatment for which large-scale preclinical functional genomics can provide complementary pleiotropic gene function information. Summary: Disruption of mouse Tanc2 causes brain and liver abnormality, increasing psychiatric and somatic disease risk long term, highlighting the benefit of holistic diagnosis and treatment approaches for human neurodevelopmental disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Garrett
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Da Silva-Buttkus
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaele Gerlini
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Sanz-Moreno
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Seisenberger
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Zimprich
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana V Amarie
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yi-Li Cho
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kraiger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Calzada-Wack
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmitt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität München, and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Developmental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,Deutsches Institut für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Site Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wan Y, Szabo-Rogers HL. Chondrocyte Polarity During Endochondral Ossification Requires Protein-Protein Interactions Between Prickle1 and Dishevelled2/3. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2399-2412. [PMID: 34423861 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The expansion and growth of the endochondral skeleton requires organized cell behaviors that control chondrocyte maturation and oriented division. In other organs, these processes are accomplished through Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling pathway and require the protein-protein interactions of core components including Prickle1 (PK1) and Dishevelled (DVL). To determine the function of Wnt/PCP signaling in endochondral ossification of the cranial base and limb, we utilized the Prickle1Beetlejuice (Pk1Bj ) mouse line. The Pk1Bj allele has a missense mutation in the PK1 LIM1 domain that results in a hypomorphic protein. Similar to human patients with Robinow syndrome, the Prickle1Bj/Bj mouse mutants lack growth plate expansion resulting in shorter limbs and midfacial hypoplasia. Within the Prickle1Bj/Bj limb and cranial base growth plates we observe precocious maturation of chondrocytes and stalling of terminal differentiation. Intriguingly, we observed that the growth plate chondrocytes have randomized polarity based on the location of the primary cilia and the location of PRICKLE1, DVL2, and DVL3 localization. Importantly, mutant PK1Bj protein has decreased protein-protein interactions with both DVL2 and DVL3 in chondrocytes as revealed by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Finally, we propose a model where the interaction between the Prickle1 LIM1 domain and DVL2 and DVL3 contributes to chondrocyte polarity and contributes to proximal-distal outgrowth of endochondral elements. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heather L Szabo-Rogers
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sharma A, Khan H, Singh TG, Grewal AK, Najda A, Kawecka-Radomska M, Kamel M, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM. Pharmacological Modulation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways in Oncogenic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111971. [PMID: 34769401 PMCID: PMC8584958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is involved in regulating several biological functions, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. It is widely known for its role in degrading abnormal protein substrates and maintaining physiological body functions via ubiquitinating enzymes (E1, E2, E3) and the proteasome. Therefore, aberrant expression in these enzymes results in an altered biological process, including transduction signaling for cell death and survival, resulting in cancer. In this review, an overview of profuse enzymes involved as a pro-oncogenic or progressive growth factor in tumors with their downstream signaling pathways has been discussed. A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on modulation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in oncogenic signaling. Various in vitro, in vivo studies demonstrating the involvement of ubiquitin-proteasome systems in varied types of cancers and the downstream signaling pathways involved are also discussed in the current review. Several inhibitors of E1, E2, E3, deubiquitinase enzymes and proteasome have been applied for treating cancer. Some of these drugs have exhibited successful outcomes in in vivo studies on different cancer types, so clinical trials are going on for these inhibitors. This review mainly focuses on certain ubiquitin-proteasome enzymes involved in developing cancers and certain enzymes that can be targeted to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Amarjot Kaur Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Małgorzata Kawecka-Radomska
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang H, Yu S, Cai Q, Ma D, Yang L, Zhao J, Jiang L, Zhang X, Yu Z. The Prognostic Model Based on Tumor Cell Evolution Trajectory Reveals a Different Risk Group of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737723. [PMID: 34660596 PMCID: PMC8511531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, and heterogeneity of HCC is the major barrier in improving patient outcome. To stratify HCC patients with different degrees of malignancy and provide precise treatment strategies, we reconstructed the tumor evolution trajectory with the help of scRNA-seq data and established a 30-gene prognostic model to identify the malignant state in HCC. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. C-index and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed the excellent predictive value of this model. Downstream analysis revealed the underlying molecular and functional characteristics of this model, including significantly higher genomic instability and stronger proliferation/progression potential in the high-risk group. In summary, we established a novel prognostic model to overcome the barriers caused by HCC heterogeneity and provide the possibility of better clinical management for HCC patients to improve their survival outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoren Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shizhe Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Duo Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lingpeng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chan DW, Lam WY, Chen F, Yung MMH, Chan YS, Chan WS, He F, Liu SS, Chan KKL, Li B, Ngan HYS. Genome-wide DNA methylome analysis identifies methylation signatures associated with survival and drug resistance of ovarian cancers. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:142. [PMID: 34294135 PMCID: PMC8296615 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to stable genetic events, epigenetic changes are highly plastic and play crucial roles in tumor evolution and development. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that is generally associated with poor prognosis and treatment failure. Profiling epigenome-wide DNA methylation status is therefore essential to better characterize the impact of epigenetic alterations on the heterogeneity of EOC. METHODS An epigenome-wide association study was conducted to evaluate global DNA methylation in a retrospective cohort of 80 mixed subtypes of primary ovarian cancers and 30 patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Three demethylating agents, azacytidine, decitabine, and thioguanine, were tested their anti-cancer and anti-chemoresistant effects on HGSOC cells. RESULTS Global DNA hypermethylation was significantly associated with high-grade tumors, platinum resistance, and poor prognosis. We determined that 9313 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were enriched in their relative gene regions of 4938 genes involved in small GTPases and were significantly correlated with the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, RAS, and WNT oncogenic pathways. On the other hand, global DNA hypermethylation was preferentially associated with recurrent HGSOC. A total of 2969 DMPs corresponding to 1471 genes were involved in olfactory transduction, and calcium and cAMP signaling. Co-treatment with demethylating agents showed significant growth retardation in ovarian cancer cells through differential inductions, such as cell apoptosis by azacytidine or G2/M cell cycle arrest by decitabine and thioguanine. Notably, azacytidine and decitabine, though not thioguanine, synergistically enhanced cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity in HGSOC cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the significant association of global hypermethylation with poor prognosis and drug resistance in high-grade EOC and highlights the potential of demethylating agents in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L747 Laboratory Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wai-Yip Lam
- Lee's Pharmaceutical (HK) Ltd, 1/F Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fushun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L747 Laboratory Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingo M H Yung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L747 Laboratory Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yau-Sang Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L747 Laboratory Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Sun Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L747 Laboratory Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L747 Laboratory Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephanie S Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L747 Laboratory Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Karen K L Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L747 Laboratory Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Benjamin Li
- Lee's Pharmaceutical (HK) Ltd, 1/F Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hextan Y S Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L747 Laboratory Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 6/F Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hahn JM, McFarland KL, Combs KA, Anness MC, Supp DM. Analysis of HOX gene expression and the effects of HOXA9 overexpression in fibroblasts derived from keloid lesions and normal skin. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:777-791. [PMID: 33811779 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are fibroproliferative lesions resulting from an abnormal wound healing process due to pathological mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Keloids tend to occur more frequently in anterior versus posterior body regions (e.g., ears, face, upper torso); this has been attributed to higher skin tension in those areas, although this has not yet been conclusively proven. Previous studies reported reduced expression of multiple homeobox (HOX) genes in keloid versus normal fibroblasts, suggesting a role for HOX genes in keloid pathology. However, HOX genes are differentially expressed along the anterior-posterior axis. Hypothetically, differential HOX expression may be due to differences in body sites, as matched donor sites are often unavailable for keloids and normal skin. To better understand the basis for differential HOX gene expression in cells from keloids compared with normal skin, we compared HOXA7, HOXA9, HOXC8 and HOXC11 expression in keloid and normal skin-derived fibroblasts from various body sites. When keloid (N = 20) and normal (N = 12) fibroblast cell strains were evaluated, expression of HOXA7, HOXA9 and HOXC8 was significantly lower in keloid versus normal fibroblasts. However, HOX gene expression was lower in fibroblasts from more anterior versus posterior body sites. When keloid and normal cells from similar body sites were compared, differential HOX expression was not observed. To investigate the phenotypic relevance of HOX expression, HOXA9 was overexpressed in keloid and normal fibroblasts. HOXA9 overexpression did not affect proliferation but significantly reduced fibroblast migration and altered gene expression. The results suggest that differential HOX expression may be due to differences in positional identity between keloid and normal fibroblasts. However, HOX genes can potentially regulate fibroblast phenotype, suggesting that differential HOX gene expression may play a role in keloid development in anterior body sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Hahn
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin L McFarland
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly A Combs
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Meridith C Anness
- Women in Science and Engineering Program and Undergraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Dorothy M Supp
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Scientific Staff, Shriners Children's Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu L, Yang S, Zheng L, Zhang G, Cheng G. WNT/β-catenin pathway activation via Wnt1 overexpression and Axin1 downregulation correlates with cadherin-catenin complex disruption and increased lymph node involvement in micropapillary-predominant lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:5906-5915. [PMID: 33209423 PMCID: PMC7656375 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Micropapillary-predominant adenocarcinoma (MPA) of the lung is associated with extensive lymph node involvement and rapid terminal metastasis. However, this subtype has been recognized for only a few years, and there have been few studies of the molecular mechanisms associated with its highly invasive behaviors. Methods The present study utilized immunohistochemical staining of surgically resected tissue blocks of MPA and lepidic-predominant lung adenocarcinoma to quantify the expression of specific biological markers in the WNT/β-catenin pathway and evaluate their influence on the lymph nodes invasion of these two types of lung adenocarcinomas. Results Our findings revealed that disruption of the cell membrane cadherin-catenin complex, which weakens the tumor cell adherence of MPA, was caused by the dissociation of β-catenin from the cadherin-catenin complex and the subsequent accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm. This caused abnormal activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. We also found that Wnt-1-specific overexpression and Axin1 inhibition in MPA could explain the redistribution and cytoplasmic retention of β-catenin. Collectively, these findings suggest that an abnormality in the WNT/β-catenin pathway could enhance the invasiveness of MPA through the overexpression of Wnt-1 and downregulation of Axin1 molecules. Conclusions Our data support the need for further research regarding the WNT/β-catenin pathway and the need to develop novel targeted therapies for restoration of tumor cell adherence and improvement of the prognosis of MPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Zheng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Cheng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lü L, Yakoumatos L, Ren J, Duan X, Zhou H, Gu Z, Mohammed M, Uriarte SM, Liang S, Scott DA, Lamont RJ, Wang H. JAK3 restrains inflammatory responses and protects against periodontal disease through Wnt3a signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:9120-9140. [PMID: 32433819 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902697rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis between pro- and anti- inflammatory responses induced by bacteria is critical for the maintenance of health. In the oral cavity, pro-inflammatory mechanisms induced by pathogenic bacteria are well-established; however, the anti-inflammatory responses that act to restrain innate responses remain poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that infection with the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis enhances the activity of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) in innate immune cells, and subsequently phospho-inactivates Nedd4-2, an ubiquitin E3 ligase. In turn, Wingless-INT (Wnt) 3 (Wnt3) ubiquitination is decreased, while total protein levels are enhanced, leading to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In contrast, JAK3 or Wnt3a inhibition robustly enhances nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activity and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in P. gingivalis-stimulated innate immune cells. Moreover, using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that downstream molecules of Wnt3a signaling, including Dvl3 and β-catenin, are responsible for the negative regulatory role of Wnt3a. In addition, using an in vivo P. gingivalis-mediated periodontal disease model, we show that JAK3 inhibition enhances infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduces expression of Wnt3a and Dvl3 in P. gingivalis-infected gingival tissues, and increases disease severity. Together, our results reveal a new anti-inflammatory role for JAK3 in innate immune cells and show that the underlying signaling pathway involves Nedd4-2-mediated Wnt3a ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanhai Lü
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lan Yakoumatos
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Junling Ren
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiaoxian Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huaxin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Muddasir Mohammed
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Le Duc D, Giulivi C, Hiatt SM, Napoli E, Panoutsopoulos A, Harlan De Crescenzo A, Kotzaeridou U, Syrbe S, Anagnostou E, Azage M, Bend R, Begtrup A, Brown NJ, Büttner B, Cho MT, Cooper GM, Doering JH, Dubourg C, Everman DB, Hildebrand MS, Santos FJR, Kellam B, Keller-Ramey J, Lemke JR, Liu S, Niyazov D, Payne K, Person R, Quélin C, Schnur RE, Smith BT, Strober J, Walker S, Wallis M, Walsh L, Yang S, Yuen RKC, Ziegler A, Sticht H, Pride MC, Orosco L, Martínez-Cerdeño V, Silverman JL, Crawley JN, Scherer SW, Zarbalis KS, Jamra R. Pathogenic WDFY3 variants cause neurodevelopmental disorders and opposing effects on brain size. Brain 2019; 142:2617-2630. [PMID: 31327001 PMCID: PMC6736092 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The underpinnings of mild to moderate neurodevelopmental delay remain elusive, often leading to late diagnosis and interventions. Here, we present data on exome and genome sequencing as well as array analysis of 13 individuals that point to pathogenic, heterozygous, mostly de novo variants in WDFY3 (significant de novo enrichment P = 0.003) as a monogenic cause of mild and non-specific neurodevelopmental delay. Nine variants were protein-truncating and four missense. Overlapping symptoms included neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, macrocephaly, and psychiatric disorders (autism spectrum disorders/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). One proband presented with an opposing phenotype of microcephaly and the only missense-variant located in the PH-domain of WDFY3. Findings of this case are supported by previously published data, demonstrating that pathogenic PH-domain variants can lead to microcephaly via canonical Wnt-pathway upregulation. In a separate study, we reported that the autophagy scaffolding protein WDFY3 is required for cerebral cortical size regulation in mice, by controlling proper division of neural progenitors. Here, we show that proliferating cortical neural progenitors of human embryonic brains highly express WDFY3, further supporting a role for this molecule in the regulation of prenatal neurogenesis. We present data on Wnt-pathway dysregulation in Wdfy3-haploinsufficient mice, which display macrocephaly and deficits in motor coordination and associative learning, recapitulating the human phenotype. Consequently, we propose that in humans WDFY3 loss-of-function variants lead to macrocephaly via downregulation of the Wnt pathway. In summary, we present WDFY3 as a novel gene linked to mild to moderate neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability and conclude that variants putatively causing haploinsufficiency lead to macrocephaly, while an opposing pathomechanism due to variants in the PH-domain of WDFY3 leads to microcephaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Hiatt
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexios Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Harlan De Crescenzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Urania Kotzaeridou
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Meron Azage
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Health System and University of Queensland, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Renee Bend
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Amber Begtrup
- GeneDx, Clinical Genomics, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Natasha J Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Büttner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Megan T Cho
- GeneDx, Clinical Genomics, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jan H Doering
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, F-35033, France
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, UMR 6290, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | | | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Barbara Kellam
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shuxi Liu
- GeneDx, Clinical Genomics, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Dmitriy Niyazov
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Health System and University of Queensland, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Richard Person
- GeneDx, Clinical Genomics, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU, Rennes, F-35203, France
| | - Rhonda E Schnur
- GeneDx, Clinical Genomics, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mathew Wallis
- Austin Health Clinical Genetics Service, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sandra Yang
- GeneDx, Clinical Genomics, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael C Pride
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lori Orosco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jill L Silverman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline N Crawley
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Konstantinos S Zarbalis
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rami Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tang Y, Chen K, Wu X, Wei Z, Zhang SY, Song B, Zhang SW, Huang Y, Meng J. DRUM: Inference of Disease-Associated m 6A RNA Methylation Sites From a Multi-Layer Heterogeneous Network. Front Genet 2019; 10:266. [PMID: 31001320 PMCID: PMC6456716 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the RNA N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes and associated with multiple diseases including cancers. Till this day, transcriptome-wide m6A RNA methylation sites have been identified by high-throughput sequencing technique combined with computational methods, and the information is publicly available in a few bioinformatics databases; however, the association between individual m6A sites and various diseases are still largely unknown. There are yet computational approaches developed for investigating potential association between individual m6A sites and diseases, which represents a major challenge in the epitranscriptome analysis. Thus, to infer the disease-related m6A sites, we implemented a novel multi-layer heterogeneous network-based approach, which incorporates the associations among diseases, genes and m6A RNA methylation sites from gene expression, RNA methylation and disease similarities data with the Random Walk with Restart (RWR) algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, a ten-fold cross validation is performed, in which our approach achieved a reasonable good performance (overall AUC: 0.827, average AUC 0.867), higher than a hypergeometric test-based approach (overall AUC: 0.7333 and average AUC: 0.723) and a random predictor (overall AUC: 0.550 and average AUC: 0.486). Additionally, we show that a number of predicted cancer-associated m6A sites are supported by existing literatures, suggesting that the proposed approach can effectively uncover the underlying epitranscriptome circuits of disease mechanisms. An online database DRUM, which stands for disease-associated ribonucleic acid methylation, was built to support the query of disease-associated RNA m6A methylation sites, and is freely available at: www.xjtlu.edu.cn/biologicalsciences/drum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Precision Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kunqi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Precision Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Precision Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Precision Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Song-Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bowen Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Precision Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Shao-Wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Precision Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Azevedo PL, Oliveira NCA, Corrêa S, Castelo-Branco MTL, Abdelhay E, Binato R. Canonical WNT Signaling Pathway is Altered in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients And Is Implicated in BMP4 Down-Regulation. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:614-625. [PMID: 30703678 PMCID: PMC6350721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are key components of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). A molecular signature in hMSCs from Acute myeloid leukemia patients (hMSC-AML) has been proposed where BMP4 is decreased and could be regulated by WNT signaling pathway. Therefore, the aim of this work was to verify whether the WNT signaling pathway can regulate the BMP4 gene in hMSCs. The results showed differentially expressed genes in the WNT canonical pathway between hMSC-AML and hMSCs from healthy donors and a real-time quantitative assay corroborated with these findings. Moreover, the main WNT canonical pathway regulators were decreased in hMSC-AML, such as LEF-1, β-catenin and the β-catenin/TCF-LEF regulatory complex in the nucleus. This result, together with functional assays, suggests that the induction of BMP4 expression by the WNT signaling pathway is decreased in hMSC-AML. Overall, the WNT canonical pathway is able to regulate the BMP4 gene in hMSC-AML and its reduced activation could also lead to the lower expression of BMP4 in hMSC-AML. Due to the important role of the BMM, changes in BMP4 expression through the WNT canonical pathway may be a potential mechanism of leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Azevedo
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalia C A Oliveira
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stephany Corrêa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Morgana T L Castelo-Branco
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Binato
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu Y, Kweon SS, Tanikawa C, Jia WH, Xiang YB, Cai Q, Zeng C, Schmit SL, Shin A, Matsuo K, Jee SH, Kim DH, Kim J, Wen W, Shi J, Guo X, Li B, Wang N, Zhang B, Li X, Shin MH, Li HL, Ren Z, Oh JH, Oze I, Ahn YO, Jung KJ, Conti DV, Schumacher FR, Rennert G, Jenkins MA, Campbell PT, Hoffmeister M, Casey G, Gruber SB, Gao J, Gao YT, Pan ZZ, Kamatani Y, Zeng YX, Shu XO, Long J, Matsuda K, Zheng W. Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Study of East Asians Identifies Loci Associated With Risk for Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1455-1466. [PMID: 30529582 PMCID: PMC6441622 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have associated approximately 50 loci with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC)-nearly one third of these loci were initially associated with CRC in studies conducted in East Asian populations. We conducted a GWAS of East Asians to identify CRC risk loci and evaluate the generalizability of findings from GWASs of European populations to Asian populations. METHODS We analyzed genetic data from 22,775 patients with CRC (cases) and 47,731 individuals without cancer (controls) from 14 studies in the Asia Colorectal Cancer Consortium. First, we performed a meta-analysis of 7 GWASs (10,625 cases and 34,595 controls) and identified 46,554 promising risk variants for replication by adding them to the Multi-Ethnic Global Array (MEGA) for genotype analysis in 6445 cases and 7175 controls. These data were analyzed, along with data from an additional 5705 cases and 5961 controls genotyped using the OncoArray. We also obtained data from 57,976 cases and 67,242 controls of European descent. Variants at identified risk loci were functionally annotated and evaluated in correlation with gene expression levels. RESULTS A meta-analyses of all samples from people of Asian descent identified 13 loci and 1 new variant at a known locus (10q24.2) associated with risk of CRC at the genome-wide significance level of P < 5 × 10-8. We did not perform experiments to replicate these associations in additional individuals of Asian ancestry. However, the lead risk variant in 6 of these loci was also significantly associated with risk of CRC in European descendants. A strong association (44%-75% increase in risk per allele) was found for 2 low-frequency variants: rs201395236 at 1q44 (minor allele frequency, 1.34%) and rs77969132 at 12p11.21 (minor allele frequency, 1.53%). For 8 of the 13 associated loci, the variants with the highest levels of significant association were located inside or near the protein-coding genes L1TD1, EFCAB2, PPP1R21, SLCO2A1, HLA-G, NOTCH4, DENND5B, and GNAS. For other intergenic loci, we provided evidence for the possible involvement of the genes ALDH7A1, PRICKLE1, KLF5, WWOX, and GLP2R. We replicated findings for 41 of 52 previously reported risk loci. CONCLUSIONS We showed that most of the risk loci previously associated with CRC risk in individuals of European descent were also associated with CRC risk in East Asians. Furthermore, we identified 13 loci significantly associated with risk for CRC in Asians. Many of these loci contained genes that regulate the immune response, Wnt signaling to β-catenin, prostaglandin E2 catabolism, and cell pluripotency and proliferation. Further analyses of these genes and their variants is warranted, particularly for the 8 loci for which the lead CRC risk variants were not replicated in persons of European descent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Okcheon-dong, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jiajun Shi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nan Wang
- General Surgery Department, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zefang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit Health Services National Israeli Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel; Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan; Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wan Y, Lantz B, Cusack BJ, Szabo-Rogers HL. Prickle1 regulates differentiation of frontal bone osteoblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18021. [PMID: 30575813 PMCID: PMC6303328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Enlarged fontanelles and smaller frontal bones result in a mechanically compromised skull. Both phenotypes could develop from defective migration and differentiation of osteoblasts in the skull bone primordia. The Wnt/Planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling pathway regulates cell migration and movement in other tissues and led us to test the role of Prickle1, a core component of the Wnt/PCP pathway, in the skull. For these studies, we used the missense allele of Prickle1 named Prickle1Beetlejuice (Prickle1Bj). The Prickle1Bj/Bj mutants are microcephalic and develop enlarged fontanelles between insufficient frontal bones, while the parietal bones are normal. Prickle1Bj/Bj mutants have several other craniofacial defects including a midline cleft lip, incompletely penetrant cleft palate, and decreased proximal-distal growth of the head. We observed decreased Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling in the frontal bone condensations of the Prickle1Bj/Bj mutants. Surprisingly, the smaller frontal bones do not result from defects in cell proliferation or death, but rather significantly delayed differentiation and decreased expression of migratory markers in the frontal bone osteoblast precursors. Our data suggests that Prickle1 protein function contributes to both the migration and differentiation of osteoblast precursors in the frontal bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wan
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brandi Lantz
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Cusack
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heather L Szabo-Rogers
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The planar cell polarity protein VANG-1/Vangl negatively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling through a Dvl dependent mechanism. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007840. [PMID: 30532125 PMCID: PMC6307821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Van Gogh-like (Vangl) and Prickle (Pk) are core components of the non-canonical Wnt planar cell polarity pathway that controls epithelial polarity and cell migration. Studies in vertebrate model systems have suggested that Vangl and Pk may also inhibit signaling through the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but the functional significance of this potential cross-talk is unclear. In the nematode C. elegans, the Q neuroblasts and their descendants migrate in opposite directions along the anteroposterior body axis. The direction of these migrations is specified by Wnt signaling, with activation of canonical Wnt signaling driving posterior migration, and non-canonical Wnt signaling anterior migration. Here, we show that the Vangl ortholog VANG-1 influences the Wnt signaling response of the Q neuroblasts by negatively regulating canonical Wnt signaling. This inhibitory activity depends on a carboxy-terminal PDZ binding motif in VANG-1 and the Dishevelled ortholog MIG-5, but is independent of the Pk ortholog PRKL-1. Moreover, using Vangl1 and Vangl2 double mutant cells, we show that a similar mechanism acts in mammalian cells. We conclude that cross-talk between VANG-1/Vangl and the canonical Wnt pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that ensures robust specification of Wnt signaling responses. Wnt proteins are signaling molecules with a wide range of functions in embryonic development and the maintenance of adult tissues. Wnt proteins can trigger several different signaling pathways that are grouped in β-catenin dependent (canonical) and independent (non-canonical) signaling mechanisms. Here, we have investigated cross-talk between these different Wnt signaling pathways. We show that VANG-1/Vangl, a component of the non-canonical planar cell polarity pathway, negatively regulates canonical Wnt signaling. We propose that this cross-talk mechanism ensures that Wnt stimulated cells always activate the proper downstream signaling response.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang K, Centeno BA. Primary Liver Cancers, Part 2: Progression Pathways and Carcinogenesis. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274817744658. [PMID: 29353494 PMCID: PMC5933573 DOI: 10.1177/1073274817744658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have been increasing in incidence worldwide and are leading causes of cancer death. Studies of the molecular alterations leading to these carcinomas provide insights into the key mechanisms involved. A literature review was conducted to identify articles with information relevant to current understanding of the etiologies and molecular pathogenesis of HCC and ICC. Chronic inflammatory diseases are the key etiological risk factors for both HCC and ICC, although other diseases play a role, and for many ICCs, an underlying risk factor is not identified. Mutations in catenin beta 1 ( CTNBB1) and tumor protein 53 (P53) are the main genetic alterations in HCC. Isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), KRAS protooncogene GTPase (KRAS), a RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog in neoroblastoma (NRAS) and P53 are primary genetic alterations in ICC. In both diseases, the mutational landscape is dependent on the underlying etiology. The most significant etiologies and genetic processes involved in the carcinogenesis of HCC and ICC are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- 1 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,2 Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine at University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Barbara A Centeno
- 1 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,2 Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine at University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The genomic landscape of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Cell Res 2018; 28:771-774. [PMID: 29728688 PMCID: PMC6028429 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
24
|
Tsui YM, Sze KMF, Tung EKK, Ho DWH, Lee TKW, Ng IOL. Dishevelled-3 phosphorylation is governed by HIPK2/PP1Cα/ITCH axis and the non-phosphorylated form promotes cancer stemness via LGR5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39430-39442. [PMID: 28455968 PMCID: PMC5503623 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled-3 (Dvl3) is regarded as a binding hub with many different interacting partners. However, its regulation and mechanism on cancer stemness remain to be explored. In this study, we showed that Dvl3 was significantly overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and promoted cancer stemness both in vitro and in vivo. We found that the non-phosphorylated (NP)-Dvl3 was more stable than the phosphorylated form, more active in activating β-catenin transcriptional activity, and more potent in enhancing self-renewal ability in HCC cells. Mechanistically, we confirmed that the homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) and E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH were able to physically bind to Dvl3 protein. Knockdown of HIPK2 and the protein phosphatase regulatory unit C-alpha (PP1Cα) resulted in sustained Dvl3 phosphorylation and hence decrease in the NP form of Dvl3. On the other hand, knockdown of E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH reduced the phosphorylation-induced degradation and stabilized the phosphorylated Dvl3 protein. Furthermore, the NP-Dvl3 enhanced the LGR5 promoter activity to upregulate LGR5 expression, which was associated with increased cancer stemness in HCC. Our findings established that HIPK2/PP1Cα/ITCH axis sustains the de-phosphorylation of Dvl3. This post-translational modification of Dvl3 in turn maintains LGR5 expression and enhances the cancer stemness properties in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Man Tsui
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Man-Fong Sze
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edmund Kwok-Kwan Tung
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terence Kin-Wah Lee
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Present address: Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sharma M, Castro-Piedras I, Simmons GE, Pruitt K. Dishevelled: A masterful conductor of complex Wnt signals. Cell Signal 2018; 47:52-64. [PMID: 29559363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Dishevelled gene was first identified in Drosophila mutants with disoriented hair and bristle polarity [1-3]. The Dsh gene (Dsh/Dvl, in Drosophila and vertebrates respectively) gained popularity when it was discovered that it plays a key role in segment polarity during early embryonic development in Drosophila [4]. Subsequently, the vertebrate homolog of Dishevelled genes were identified in Xenopus (Xdsh), mice (Dvl1, Dvl2, Dvl3), and in humans (DVL1, DVL2, DVL3) [5-10]. Dishevelled functions as a principal component of Wnt signaling pathway and governs several cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation, polarity and stem cell renewal. This review will revisit seminal discoveries and also summarize recent advances in characterizing the role of Dishevelled in both normal and pathophysiological settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sharma
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Isabel Castro-Piedras
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Glenn E Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Blocking EZH2 methylation transferase activity by GSK126 decreases stem cell-like myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3396-3411. [PMID: 27926488 PMCID: PMC5356890 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2 is a critical epigenetic regulator that is deregulated in various types of cancers including multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study, we hypothesized that targeting EZH2 might induce apoptosis in myeloma cells including stem cell-like cells (CSCs). We investigated the effect of EZH2 inhibition on MM cells using a potent inhibitor (GSK126). The results showed that GSK126 effectively abrogated the methylated histone 3 (H3K27me3) level in MM.1S and LP1 cells, and inhibited the number of live cells and colony formation in soft agar of six MM cell lines. GSK126 induced massive apoptosis in MM.1S, LP1 and RPMI8226 cells. Progressive release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and AIF into the cytosol was detected in GSK126-treated MM cells. GSK126 treatment elicited caspase-3-dependent MCL-1 cleavage with accumulation of proapoptotic truncated MCL-1. These results suggested that GSK126 triggers the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Enhanced apoptosis was observed in the combination of GSK126 with bortezomib. Using ALDH and side population (SP) assays to characterize CSCs, we found that GSK126 eliminated the stem-like myeloma cells by blocking the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of GSK126 was confirmed by using RPMI8226 cells in a xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, our findings suggest that EZH2 inactivation by GSK126 is effective in killing MM cells and CSCs as a single agent or in combination with bortezomib. Clinical trial of GSK126 in patients with MM may be warranted.
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen X, Zhou B, Yan T, Wu H, Feng J, Chen H, Gao C, Peng T, Yang D, Shen J. Peroxynitrite enhances self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells through activating HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:158-167. [PMID: 29427793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic stimulation could mediate growth and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) into mature neurons but its underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. Peroxynitrite formation is considered as a crucial pathological process contributing to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that peroxynitrite at low concentration could function as redox signaling to promote the growth of NSCs under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. Increased NSCs proliferation was accompanied by peroxynitrite production in the rat brains with 1 h of ischemia plus 7 days of reperfusion in vivo. Cell sorting experiments revealed that endogenous peroxynitrite level affected the capacity of proliferation and self-renewal in NSCs in vitro. Hypoxia stimulated peroxynitrite production and promoted NSCs self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal differentiation whereas treatments of peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts (PDCs, FeTMPyP and FeTPPS) blocked the changes in NSCs self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Exogenous peroxynitrite treatment revealed similar effects to promote NSCs proliferation, self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the neurogenesis-promoting effects of peroxynitrite were partly through activating HIF-1α correlated with enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, peroxynitrite could be a cellular redox signaling for promoting NSCs proliferation, self-renewal and neuronal differentiation and peroxynitrite production could contribute to neurogenesis in ischemic/hypoxic NSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Binghua Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Tingting Yan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Jinghan Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Chong Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cripto-1 contributes to stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing Dishevelled-3 and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1426-1441. [PMID: 29445127 PMCID: PMC6113239 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and characterization of functional molecular targets conferring stemness properties in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) offers crucial insights to overcome the major hurdles of tumor recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance in clinical management. In the current study, we investigated the significance of Cripto-1 in contributing to HCC stemness. Cripto-1 was upregulated in the sorafenib-resistant clones derived from HCC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft that we previously developed, suggesting an association between Cripto-1 and stemness. By in vitro experiments, Cripto-1 fostered cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. It also enhanced self-renewal ability and conferred chemoresistance of HCC cells. Consistently, silencing of Cripto-1 suppressed in vivo tumorigenicity on serial transplantation. On the downstream signaling mechanism, expression of major components of Wnt/β-catenin pathway β-catenin, AXIN2, and C-MYC, accompanied by β-catenin activity was reduced upon Cripto-1 knockdown. The suppressive effects on stemness properties with Cripto-1 knockdown in vitro and in vivo were partially rescued by forced expression of constitutively active β-catenin. Further elucidation revealed the binding of Cripto-1 to Frizzled-7 (FZD7), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and Dishevelled-3 (DVL3) of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and stabilized DVL3 protein. Analyses with clinical samples validated Cripto-1 overexpression in HCC tissues, as well as a positive correlation between Cripto-1 and AXIN2 expressions. High Cripto-1 level in tumor was associated with poorer disease-free survival of HCC patients. Taken together, Cripto-1 binds to FZD7/LRP6 and DVL3, stabilizes DVL3 expression and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade to confer stemness in HCC. Our study findings substantiated the role of Cripto-1 in determining stemness phenotypes of HCC and mechanistically in modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in liver cancer.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee H, Cheong SM, Han W, Koo Y, Jo SB, Cho GS, Yang JS, Kim S, Han JK. March2 is required for head formation by mediating Dishevelled degradation in concert with Dapper1. Development 2018; 145:dev.143107. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.143107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled (Dvl/Dsh) is a key scaffold protein that propagates Wnt signaling essential for embryogenesis and homeostasis. However, whether antagonism of Wnt signaling necessary for vertebrate head formation can be achieved through regulation of Dsh protein stability is unclear. Here we show that membrane-associated RING-CH2 (March2), a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, antagonizes Wnt signaling by regulating the turnover of Dsh protein via ubiquitin-mediated lysosomal degradation in prospective head region of Xenopus. We further found that March2 acquires regional and functional specificities for head formation from the Dsh-interacting protein Dapper1 (Dpr1). Dpr1 stabilizes interaction between March2 and Dsh for mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Dsh protein only in the dorso-animal region of Xenopus embryo. These results suggest that March2 restricts cytosolic pools of Dsh protein and leads to subsequent limitation of Wnt signaling for the precise vertebrate head development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
- Present address: Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seong-Moon Cheong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
- Present address: Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wonhee Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Youngmu Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Saet-Byeol Jo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Gun-Sik Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
- Present address: Laboratory of Stem Cells, NEXEL, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
- Present address: EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Center for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Yang Z, Du F, Yang Q, Hou J, Yan X, Geng Y, Zhao Y, Wang H. Molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by RNA‑sequencing. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6674-6682. [PMID: 28901494 PMCID: PMC5865798 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RNA‑sequencing profiles GSM629264 and GSM629265, from the GSE25599 data set, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and processed by quality evaluation. GSM629264 and GSM629265 were from HCC and adjacent non‑cancerous tissues, respectively. TopHat software was used for alignment analysis, followed by the detection of novel splicing sites. In addition, the Cufflinks software package was used to analyze gene expressions, and the Cuffdiff program was used to screen for differently expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed splicing variants. Gene ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were also performed. Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate DEGs were identified, and a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The hub node in the PPI network was obtained, and the TFs and miRNAs that regulated the hub node were further predicted. The quality of the sequencing data met the standards for analysis, and the clean reads were ~65%. Most sequencing reads mapped into coding sequence exons (CDS_exons), whereas other reads mapped into exon 3' untranslated regions (UTR_Exons), 5'UTR_Exons and Introns. Upregulated and downregulated DEGs between HCC and adjacent non‑cancerous tissues were screened. Genes of differentially expressed splicing variants were identified, including vesicle‑associated membrane protein 4, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class C, protein disulfide isomerase family A member 4 and growth arrest specific 5. Screened DEGs were enriched in the complement pathway. In the PPI network, ubiquitin C (UBC) was the hub node. UBC was predicted to be regulated by several TFs, including specificity protein 1 (SP1), FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS), proto‑oncogene c‑JUN (JUN), FOS‑like antigen 2 (FOSL2) and SWI/SNF‑related, matrix‑associated, actin‑dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 (SMARCA4), and several miRNAs, including miR‑30 and miR‑181. Results from the present study demonstrated that UBC, SP1, FOS, JUN, FOSL2, SMARCA4, miR‑30 and miR‑181 may participate in the development of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yaning Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A proteomic analysis of LRRK2 binding partners reveals interactions with multiple signaling components of the WNT/PCP pathway. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:54. [PMID: 28697798 PMCID: PMC5505151 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal-dominant mutations in the Park8 gene encoding Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been identified to cause up to 40% of the genetic forms of Parkinson's disease. However, the function and molecular pathways regulated by LRRK2 are largely unknown. It has been shown that LRRK2 serves as a scaffold during activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling via its interaction with the β-catenin destruction complex, DVL1-3 and LRP6. In this study, we examine whether LRRK2 also interacts with signaling components of the WNT/Planar Cell Polarity (WNT/PCP) pathway, which controls the maturation of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, the main cell type lost in Parkinson's disease patients. METHODS Co-immunoprecipitation and tandem mass spectrometry was performed in a mouse substantia nigra cell line (SN4741) and human HEK293T cell line in order to identify novel LRRK2 binding partners. Inhibition of the WNT/β-catenin reporter, TOPFlash, was used as a read-out of WNT/PCP pathway activation. The capacity of LRRK2 to regulate WNT/PCP signaling in vivo was tested in Xenopus laevis' early development. RESULTS Our proteomic analysis identified that LRRK2 interacts with proteins involved in WNT/PCP signaling such as the PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC1 and Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in dopaminergic cells in vitro and in the mouse ventral midbrain in vivo. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that LRRK2 binds to two core components of the WNT/PCP signaling pathway, PRICKLE1 and CELSR1, as well as to FLOTILLIN-2 and CULLIN-3, which regulate WNT secretion and inhibit WNT/β-catenin signaling, respectively. We also found that PRICKLE1 and LRRK2 localize in signalosomes and act as dual regulators of WNT/PCP and β-catenin signaling. Accordingly, analysis of the function of LRRK2 in vivo, in X. laevis revelaed that LRKK2 not only inhibits WNT/β-catenin pathway, but induces a classical WNT/PCP phenotype in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows for the first time that LRRK2 activates the WNT/PCP signaling pathway through its interaction to multiple WNT/PCP components. We suggest that LRRK2 regulates the balance between WNT/β-catenin and WNT/PCP signaling, depending on the binding partners. Since this balance is crucial for homeostasis of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, we hypothesize that its alteration may contribute to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Low SA, Galliford CV, Jones-Hall YL, Roy J, Yang J, Low PS, Kopeček J. Healing efficacy of fracture-targeted GSK3β inhibitor-loaded micelles for improved fracture repair. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:185-193. [PMID: 28093944 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the fracture healing capabilities of a GSK3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime, coupled with an aspartic acid octapeptide in a micellar delivery system. Materials & methods: The efficacy of the intravenously administered micelles to accelerate healing of femoral fracture in mice was evaluated. Micro-computed tomography analysis was employed to obtain bone density, total volume, relative volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular spacing.Results: Both fracture bone mineral density and volume were significantly higher in the micelle treatment groups when compared with controls. The fracture-targeted micelle demonstrates fracture-specific bone anabolism and biocompatibility in off-target tissues. Conclusion: Accelerated fracture healing in mice was achieved by targeting the GSK3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime, to the fracture site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A Low
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chris V Galliford
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yava L Jones-Hall
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Daulat AM, Borg JP. Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling: New Opportunities for Cancer Treatment. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:113-125. [PMID: 28718442 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are addicted to a large spectrum of extracellular cues implicated in initiation, stem cell renewal, tumor growth, dissemination in the body, and resistance to treatment. Wingless/Int-1 (Wnt) ligands and their associated signaling cascades contribute to most of these processes, paving the way for opportunities in therapeutic development. The developmental Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is the most recently described branch of Wnt signaling strongly implicated in cancer development at early and late stages. We describe here some of the latest knowledge accumulated on this pathway and the pending questions, present the most convincing findings about its role in cancer, and review the most promising strategies currently designed to target its components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avais M Daulat
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ UM105, Inst Paoli-Calmettes, UMR7258 CNRS, U1068 INSERM, 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer - Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ UM105, Inst Paoli-Calmettes, UMR7258 CNRS, U1068 INSERM, 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer - Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer', Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu LJ, Xie SX, Chen YT, Xue JL, Zhang CJ, Zhu F. Aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7486-7499. [PMID: 27672271 PMCID: PMC5011664 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i33.7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world. Several signaling pathways, including the wingless/int-1 (Wnt) signaling pathway, have been shown to be commonly activated in HCC. The Wnt signaling pathway can be triggered via both catenin β1 (CTNNB1)-dependent (also known as “canonical”) and CTNNB1-independent (often referred to as “non-canonical”) pathways. Specifically, the canonical Wnt pathway is one of those most frequently reported in HCC. Aberrant regulation from three complexes (the cell-surface receptor complex, the cytoplasmic destruction complex and the nuclear CTNNB1/T-cell-specific transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor transcriptional complex) are all involved in HCC. Although the non-canonical Wnt pathway is rarely reported, two main non-canonical pathways, Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway and Wnt/Ca2+ pathway, participate in the regulation of hepatocarcinogenesis. Interestingly, the canonical Wnt pathway is antagonized by non-canonical Wnt signaling in HCC. Moreover, other signaling cascades have also been demonstrated to regulate the Wnt pathway through crosstalk in HCC pathogenesis. This review provides a perspective on the emerging evidence that the aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling is a critical mechanism for the development of HCC. Furthermore, crosstalk between different signaling pathways might be conducive to the development of novel molecular targets of HCC.
Collapse
|
35
|
Tian Y, Mok MTS, Yang P, Cheng ASL. Epigenetic Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in NAFLD-Associated Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:E76. [PMID: 27556491 PMCID: PMC4999785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8080076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by fat accumulation in liver, is closely associated with central obesity, over-nutrition and other features of metabolic syndrome, which elevate the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a significant role in the physiology and pathology of liver. Up to half of HCC patients have activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, the mutation frequencies of CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin protein) or other antagonists targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling are low in HCC patients, suggesting that genetic mutations are not the major factor driving abnormal β-catenin activities in HCC. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that obesity-induced metabolic pathways can deregulate chromatin modifiers such as histone deacetylase 8 to trigger undesired global epigenetic changes, thereby modifying gene expression program which contributes to oncogenic signaling. This review focuses on the aberrant epigenetic activation of Wnt/β-catenin in the development of NAFLD-associated HCC. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying such deregulation may shed light on the identification of novel druggable epigenetic targets for the prevention and/or treatment of HCC in obese and diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Myth T S Mok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Galamb O, Kalmár A, Péterfia B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Ribli D, Krenács T, Patai ÁV, Wichmann B, Barták BK, Tóth K, Valcz G, Spisák S, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Aberrant DNA methylation of WNT pathway genes in the development and progression of CIMP-negative colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 11:588-602. [PMID: 27245242 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1190894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway has an essential role in colorectal carcinogenesis and progression, which involves a cascade of genetic and epigenetic changes. We aimed to analyze DNA methylation affecting the WNT pathway genes in colorectal carcinogenesis in promoter and gene body regions using whole methylome analysis in 9 colorectal cancer, 15 adenoma, and 6 normal tumor adjacent tissue (NAT) samples by methyl capture sequencing. Functional methylation was confirmed on 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-treated colorectal cancer cell line datasets. In parallel with the DNA methylation analysis, mutations of WNT pathway genes (APC, β-catenin/CTNNB1) were analyzed by 454 sequencing on GS Junior platform. Most differentially methylated CpG sites were localized in gene body regions (95% of WNT pathway genes). In the promoter regions, 33 of the 160 analyzed WNT pathway genes were differentially methylated in colorectal cancer vs. normal, including hypermethylated AXIN2, CHP1, PRICKLE1, SFRP1, SFRP2, SOX17, and hypomethylated CACYBP, CTNNB1, MYC; 44 genes in adenoma vs. NAT; and 41 genes in colorectal cancer vs. adenoma comparisons. Hypermethylation of AXIN2, DKK1, VANGL1, and WNT5A gene promoters was higher, while those of SOX17, PRICKLE1, DAAM2, and MYC was lower in colon carcinoma compared to adenoma. Inverse correlation between expression and methylation was confirmed in 23 genes, including APC, CHP1, PRICKLE1, PSEN1, and SFRP1. Differential methylation affected both canonical and noncanonical WNT pathway genes in colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Aberrant DNA methylation appears already in adenomas as an early event of colorectal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Galamb
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dezső Ribli
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- d 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,e Tumor Progression Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- f Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary.,b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dyberg C, Papachristou P, Haug BH, Lagercrantz H, Kogner P, Ringstedt T, Wickström M, Johnsen JI. Planar cell polarity gene expression correlates with tumor cell viability and prognostic outcome in neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:259. [PMID: 27036398 PMCID: PMC4818482 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-canonical Wnt/Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway is a major player in cell migration during embryonal development and has recently been implicated in tumorigenesis. METHODS Transfections with cDNA plasmids or siRNA were used to increase and suppress Prickle1 and Vangl2 expression in neuroblastoma cells and in non-tumorigenic cells. Cell viability was measured by trypan blue exclusion and protein expression was determined with western blotting. Transcriptional activity was studied with luciferase reporter assay and mRNA expression with real-time RT-PCR. Immunofluorescence stainings were used to study the effects of Vangl2 overexpression in non-tumorigenic embryonic cells. Statistical significance was tested with t-test or one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Here we show that high expression of the PCP core genes Prickle1 and Vangl2 is associated with low-risk neuroblastoma, suppression of neuroblastoma cell growth and decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) that are important in mediating non-canonical Wnt signaling resulted in increased expression of Prickle1 and inhibition of β-catenin activity in neuroblastoma cells. In contrast, overexpression of Vangl2 in MYC immortalized neural stem cells induced accumulation of active β-catenin and decreased the neural differentiation marker Tuj1. Similarly, genetically modified mice with forced overexpression of Vangl2 in nestin-positive cells showed decreased Tuj1 differentiation marker during embryonal development. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data demonstrate that high expression of Prickle1 and Vangl2 reduce the growth of neuroblastoma cells and indicate different roles of PCP proteins in tumorigenic cells compared to normal cells. These results suggest that the activity of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP signaling pathway is important for neuroblastoma development and that manipulation of the Wnt/PCP pathway provides a possible therapy for neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Dyberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Q6:05, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Panagiotis Papachristou
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Q2:07, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Academic Primary Health Care Center, TioHundra AB, Box 905, SE-761 29, Norrtälje, Sweden
| | - Bjørn Helge Haug
- Department of Pediatrics, University-Hospital of Northern-Norway (UNN), 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hugo Lagercrantz
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Q2:07, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Q6:05, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ringstedt
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Q2:07, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Q6:05, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Q6:05, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao W, Hoadley KA, Parker JS, Perou CM. Identification of mRNA isoform switching in breast cancer. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:181. [PMID: 26939613 PMCID: PMC4778320 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing provides a major mechanism to generate protein diversity. Increasing evidence suggests a link of dysregulation of splicing associated with cancer. While previous genomic-based studies demonstrated the expression of a handful of tumor-specific isoforms, genome-wide alterations in the balance between isoforms and cancer subtypes is understudied. RESULT We systematically analyzed the isoform-level expression patterns and isoform switching events of 819 breast tumor and normal samples assayed by mRNA-seq from TCGA project. On average, 2.2 isoforms per gene were detected and 67.5 % of detected genes (i.e. expressed) showed 1-2 isoforms only. While the majority of isoforms for a given gene were positively correlated with each other and the overall gene level, 470 pairs of isoforms displayed an inverse correlation suggesting a switching event. Most of the isoform switching events were associated with molecular subtypes, including a Basal-like-associated switching in CTNND1. 88 genes showed switching independent of subtypes, among which the isoform pattern of PRICKLE1 was associated with a large genomic signature of biological significance. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that the majority of genes do not undergo complex mRNA splicing within breast cancers, and that there is a general concordance in isoform and gene expression levels in breast tumors. We identified hundreds of isoform switching events across breast tumors, most of which were associated with differences in tumor subtypes. As exemplified by the detailed analysis of CTNND1 and PRICKLE1, these isoform switching events potentially provide new insights into the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of tumor subtypes and cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77054, Houston, TX, USA.
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Road, 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Road, 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Road, 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Comparative Microarray Analysis of Proliferating and Differentiating Murine ENS Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9695827. [PMID: 26697082 PMCID: PMC4677255 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9695827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal neural progenitor cells of the enteric nervous system are a potential source for future cell replacement therapies of developmental dysplasia like Hirschsprung's disease. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving the homeostasis and differentiation of this cell pool. In this work, we conducted Affymetrix GeneChip experiments to identify differences in gene regulation between proliferation and early differentiation of enteric neural progenitors from neonatal mice. We detected a total of 1333 regulated genes that were linked to different groups of cellular mechanisms involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, neural proliferation, and differentiation. As expected, we found an augmented inhibition in the gene expression of cell cycle progression as well as an enhanced mRNA expression of neuronal and glial differentiation markers. We further found a marked inactivation of the canonical Wnt pathway after the induction of cellular differentiation. Taken together, these data demonstrate the various molecular mechanisms taking place during the proliferation and early differentiation of enteric neural progenitor cells.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lei ZJ, Wang J, Xiao HL, Guo Y, Wang T, Li Q, Liu L, Luo X, Fan LL, Lin L, Mao CY, Wang SN, Wei YL, Lan CH, Jiang J, Yang XJ, Liu PD, Chen DF, Wang B. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 promotes the stemness and chemoresistance of Lgr5(+) liver cancer initiating cells by suppressing negative regulators of β-catenin signaling. Oncogene 2015; 34:3188-98. [PMID: 25893304 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer initiating cells (CICs) are responsible for the unrestrained cell growth and chemoresistance of malignant tumors. Histone demethylation has been shown to be crucial for self-renewal/differentiation of stem cells, but it remains elusive whether lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) regulates the stemness properties of CICs. Here we report that the abundant expression of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lgr5(+) HCC cells behave similarly to CICs and are highly tumorigenic and resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. Importantly, Lgr5(+) cells express higher levels of LSD1, which in turn regulates Lgr5 expression and promotes the self-renewal and drug resistance of Lgr5(+) CICs. Mechanistically, LSD1 promotes β-catenin activation by inhibiting the expression of several suppressors of β-catenin signaling, especially Prickle1 and APC in Lgr5(+) CICs, by directly regulating the levels of mono- and di-methylation of histone H3 lysine-4 at the promoters of these genes. Furthermore, LSD1-associated activation of the β-catenin signaling is essential for maintaining the activity of Lgr5(+) CICs. Together, our findings unravel the LSD1/Prickle1/APC/β-catenin signaling axis as a novel molecular circuit regulating the stemness and chemoresistance of hepatic Lgr5(+) CICs and provide potential targets to improve chemotherapeutic efficacies against HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-J Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H-L Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L-L Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Lin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C-Y Mao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - S-N Wang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-L Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C-H Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X-J Yang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - P-D Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D-F Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Roy BC, Subramaniam D, Ahmed I, Jala VR, Hester CM, Greiner KA, Haribabu B, Anant S, Umar S. Role of bacterial infection in the epigenetic regulation of Wnt antagonist WIF1 by PRC2 protein EZH2. Oncogene 2014; 34:4519-30. [PMID: 25486432 PMCID: PMC4459936 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Enhancer of Zeste Homolog-2 (EZH2) represses gene transcription through histone H3 lysine-27-trimethylation (H3K27me3). Citrobacter rodentium (CR) promotes crypt hyperplasia and tumorigenesis by aberrantly regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We aimed at investigating EZH2’s role in epigenetically regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling following bacterial infection. NIH:Swiss outbred and ApcMin/+ mice were infected with CR (108cfu); BLT1−/−ApcMin/+ mice, AOM/DSS-treated mice and de-identified human adenocarcinoma samples were models of colon cancer. Following infection with wild type but not mutant CR, elevated EZH2 levels in the crypt at days-6 and 12 (peak hyperplasia) coincided with increases in H3K27me3 and β-catenin levels, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed EZH2 and H3K27me3’s occupancy on WIF1 (Wnt Inhibitory Factor-1) promoter resulting in reduced WIF1 mRNA and protein expression. Following EZH2 knockdown via siRNA or EZH2-inhibitor DZNep either alone or in combination with HDAC inhibitor SAHA, WIF1 promoter activity increased significantly while overexpression of EZH2 attenuated WIF1-reporter activity. Ectopic overexpression of SET domain mutant (F681Y) almost completely rescued WIF1 reporter activity and partially rescued WIF1 protein levels while H3K27me3 levels were significantly attenuated suggesting that an intact methyltransferases activity is required for EZH2-dependent effects. Interestingly, while β-catenin levels were lower in EZH2-knocked-down cells, F681Y mutants exhibited only partial reduction in β-catenin levels. Besides EZH2, increases in miR-203 expression in the crypts at days-6 and 12 post-infection correlated with reduced levels of its target WIF1; overexpression of miR-203 in primary colonocytes decreased WIF1 mRNA and protein levels. Elevated levels of EZH2 and β-catenin with concomitant decrease in WIF1 expression in the polyps of CR-infected ApcMin/+ mice paralleled changes recorded in BLT1−/−ApcMin/+, AOM/DSS and human adenocarcinomas. Thus, EZH2-induced downregulation of WIF1 expression may partially regulate Wnt/β-catenin-dependent crypt hyperplasia in response to CR infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B C Roy
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - D Subramaniam
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - I Ahmed
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - V R Jala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - C M Hester
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - K A Greiner
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - B Haribabu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - S Anant
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Umar
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gao S, Bajrami I, Verrill C, Kigozi A, Ouaret D, Aleksic T, Asher R, Han C, Allen P, Bailey D, Feller S, Kashima T, Athanasou N, Blay JY, Schmitz S, Machiels JP, Upile N, Jones TM, Thalmann G, Ashraf SQ, Wilding JL, Bodmer WF, Middleton MR, Ashworth A, Lord CJ, Macaulay VM. Dsh homolog DVL3 mediates resistance to IGFIR inhibition by regulating IGF-RAS signaling. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5866-77. [PMID: 25168481 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) receptor IGFIR were encouraging in early trials, but predictive biomarkers were lacking and the drugs provided insufficient benefit in unselected patients. In this study, we used genetic screening and downstream validation to identify the WNT pathway element DVL3 as a mediator of resistance to IGFIR inhibition. Sensitivity to IGFIR inhibition was enhanced specifically in vitro and in vivo by genetic or pharmacologic blockade of DVL3. In breast and prostate cancer cells, sensitization tracked with enhanced MEK-ERK activation and relied upon MEK activity and DVL3 expression. Mechanistic investigations showed that DVL3 is present in an adaptor complex that links IGFIR to RAS, which includes Shc, growth factor receptor-bound-2 (Grb2), son-of-sevenless (SOS), and the tumor suppressor DAB2. Dual DVL and DAB2 blockade synergized in activating ERKs and sensitizing cells to IGFIR inhibition, suggesting a nonredundant role for DVL3 in the Shc-Grb2-SOS complex. Clinically, tumors that responded to IGFIR inhibition contained relatively lower levels of DVL3 protein than resistant tumors, and DVL3 levels in tumors correlated inversely with progression-free survival in patients treated with IGFIR antibodies. Because IGFIR does not contain activating mutations analogous to EGFR variants associated with response to EGFR inhibitors, we suggest that IGF signaling achieves an equivalent integration at the postreceptor level through adaptor protein complexes, influencing cellular dependence on the IGF axis and identifying a patient population with potential to benefit from IGFIR inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Verrill
- Department of Cellular Pathology and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Kigozi
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Djamila Ouaret
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Aleksic
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Asher
- Department of Cellular Pathology and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Bailey
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Feller
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Kashima
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Athanasou
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Pathology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, Department of Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Schmitz
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pascal Machiels
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nav Upile
- Liverpool CR-UK Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Terry M Jones
- Liverpool CR-UK Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shazad Q Ashraf
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Wilding
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Walter F Bodmer
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Lord
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chang R, Wei L, Lu Y, Cui X, Lu C, Liu L, Jiang D, Xiong Y, Wang G, Wan C, Qian H. Upregulated expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Q1 (UBE2Q1) is associated with enhanced cell proliferation and poor prognosis in human hapatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Histol 2014; 46:45-56. [PMID: 25311764 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world. Ubiquitin-proteasome system has been shown to play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of HCC and other malignancies. UBE2Q1 is a putative E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, and may be involved in the regulation of cancer-related proteins. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of UBE2Q1 in HCC cell lines and human HCC specimens, and its potential clinical and biological significance in HCC. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that UBE2Q1 was significantly upregulated in HCC tumorous tissues compared with the adjacent noncancerous ones. Next, univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to determine the prognostic significance of UBE2Q1 in HCC. The results showed that upregulated expression of UBE2Q1 was positively correlated with high histological grades of HCC and predicted poor prognosis. In addition, the expression of UBE2Q1 was progressively increased in serum-refed HCC cells. UBE2Q1 depletion by small interfering RNA inhibited cell proliferation and led to G1 phase arrest in HepG2 and BEL-7404 cells. Furthermore, we showed that cells transfected with UBE2Q1-targeting siRNA resulted in significant increase in the levels of p53, p21 in HepG2 and BEL-7404 cells. These data imply that UBE2Q1 is upregulated in liver cancer cell lines and tumorous samples and may play a role in the development of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mermejo LM, Leal LF, Colli LM, Fragoso MCBV, Latronico AC, Tone LG, Scrideli CA, Tucci S, Martinelli CE, Yunes JA, Mastellaro MJ, Seidinger AL, Brandalise SR, Moreira AC, Ramalho LN, Antonini SR, Castro M. Altered expression of noncanonical Wnt pathway genes in paediatric and adult adrenocortical tumours. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:503-10. [PMID: 24717047 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) and calcium-dependent (Wnt/Ca) noncanonical Wnt pathways in adrenocortical tumours (ACTs) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the gene expression of Wnt/PCP and Wnt/Ca pathways and its association with TP53 p.R337H and CTNNB1 mutations in paediatric and adult ACTs and to correlate these findings with clinical outcome. PATIENTS Expression of noncanonical Wnt-related genes was evaluated in 91 ACTs (66 children and 25 adults) by qPCR and the expression of beta-catenin, P53 and protein effectors of Wnt/Ca (NFAT) and Wnt/PCP (JNK) by immunohistochemistry. TP53 and CTNNB1 genes were sequenced. RESULTS TP53 p.R337H mutation frequency was higher in children (86% vs 28%), while CTNNB1 mutation was higher in adults (32% vs 6%). Mortality was higher in adults harbouring TP53 p.R337H and in children with CTNNB1 mutations. Overexpression of WNT5A, Wnt/Ca ligand, was observed in children and adults. Overexpression of MAPK8 and underexpression of PRICKLE, Wnt/PCP mediators, were observed in paediatric but not in adult cases. Cytoplasmic/nuclear beta-catenin and P53 accumulation was observed in the majority of paediatric and adult ACTs as well as NFAT and JNK. Overexpression of MAPK8 and underexpression of PRICKLE were associated with mortality in children, while overexpression of WNT5A and underexpression of PRICKLE were associated with mortality in adults. CONCLUSIONS In our study, TP53 p.R337H and CTNNB1 mutations correlated with poor prognosis in adults and children, respectively. We demonstrate, for the first time, the activation of Wnt/PCP and Wnt/Ca noncanonical pathway genes, and their association with poor outcome in children and adults, suggesting their putative involvement in ACTs aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia M Mermejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gödde NJ, Pearson HB, Smith LK, Humbert PO. Dissecting the role of polarity regulators in cancer through the use of mouse models. Exp Cell Res 2014; 328:249-57. [PMID: 25179759 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Loss of cell polarity and tissue architecture is a hallmark of aggressive epithelial cancers. In addition to serving as an initial barrier to tumorigenesis, evidence in the literature has pointed towards a highly conserved role for many polarity regulators during tumor formation and progression. Here, we review recent developments in the field that have been driven by genetically engineered mouse models that establish the tumor suppressive and context dependent oncogenic function of cell polarity regulators in vivo. These studies emphasize the complexity of the polarity network during cancer formation and progression, and reveal the need to interpret polarity protein function in a cell-type and tissue specific manner. They also highlight how aberrant polarity signaling could provide a novel route for therapeutic intervention to improve our management of malignancies in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Gödde
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A׳Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC 8006, Australia
| | - Helen B Pearson
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A׳Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC 8006, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorey K Smith
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A׳Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC 8006, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A׳Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC 8006, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Departments of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Polajnar M, Zerovnik E. Impaired autophagy: a link between neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1705-11. [PMID: 25139375 PMCID: PMC4196646 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding, and subsequent aggregation have been proven as the leading cause of most known dementias. Many of these, in addition to neurodegeneration, show profound changes in behaviour and thinking, thus, psychiatric symptoms. On the basis of the observation that progressive myoclonic epilepsies and neurodegenerative diseases share some common features of neurodegeneration, we proposed autophagy as a possible common impairment in these diseases. Here, we argue along similar lines for some neuropsychiatric conditions, among them depression and schizophrenia. We propose that existing and new therapies for these seemingly different diseases could be augmented with drugs used for neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases, respectively, among them some which modulate or augment autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Polajnar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Martin HC, Kim GE, Pagnamenta AT, Murakami Y, Carvill GL, Meyer E, Copley RR, Rimmer A, Barcia G, Fleming MR, Kronengold J, Brown MR, Hudspith KA, Broxholme J, Kanapin A, Cazier JB, Kinoshita T, Nabbout R, Bentley D, McVean G, Heavin S, Zaiwalla Z, McShane T, Mefford HC, Shears D, Stewart H, Kurian MA, Scheffer IE, Blair E, Donnelly P, Kaczmarek LK, Taylor JC. Clinical whole-genome sequencing in severe early-onset epilepsy reveals new genes and improves molecular diagnosis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3200-11. [PMID: 24463883 PMCID: PMC4030775 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In severe early-onset epilepsy, precise clinical and molecular genetic diagnosis is complex, as many metabolic and electro-physiological processes have been implicated in disease causation. The clinical phenotypes share many features such as complex seizure types and developmental delay. Molecular diagnosis has historically been confined to sequential testing of candidate genes known to be associated with specific sub-phenotypes, but the diagnostic yield of this approach can be low. We conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on six patients with severe early-onset epilepsy who had previously been refractory to molecular diagnosis, and their parents. Four of these patients had a clinical diagnosis of Ohtahara Syndrome (OS) and two patients had severe non-syndromic early-onset epilepsy (NSEOE). In two OS cases, we found de novo non-synonymous mutations in the genes KCNQ2 and SCN2A. In a third OS case, WGS revealed paternal isodisomy for chromosome 9, leading to identification of the causal homozygous missense variant in KCNT1, which produced a substantial increase in potassium channel current. The fourth OS patient had a recessive mutation in PIGQ that led to exon skipping and defective glycophosphatidyl inositol biosynthesis. The two patients with NSEOE had likely pathogenic de novo mutations in CBL and CSNK1G1, respectively. Mutations in these genes were not found among 500 additional individuals with epilepsy. This work reveals two novel genes for OS, KCNT1 and PIGQ. It also uncovers unexpected genetic mechanisms and emphasizes the power of WGS as a clinical tool for making molecular diagnoses, particularly for highly heterogeneous disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary C Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Grace E Kim
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gemma L Carvill
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Esther Meyer
- Neurosciences Unit, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK, Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard R Copley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Rimmer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Matthew R Fleming
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack Kronengold
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maile R Brown
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karl A Hudspith
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - John Broxholme
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Gil McVean
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sinéad Heavin
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zenobia Zaiwalla
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tony McShane
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah Shears
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Stewart
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Neurosciences Unit, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward Blair
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fatima S, Luk JM, Poon RTP, Lee NP. Dysregulated expression of dickkopfs for potential detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:535-48. [PMID: 24809435 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.915747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains dismal due to the lack of diagnostic markers for early detection. This review will discuss the clinical potential of the dickkopf (DKK) family members as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers for HCC. In comparison to serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level, which remains the gold standard for HCC diagnosis, high serum DKK1 levels have higher diagnostic value for HCC, especially for AFP-negative HCC, and can distinguish HCC from non-malignant chronic liver diseases. Additionally, the combination of serum DKK1 and AFP levels enhances diagnostic accuracy for HCC compared to serum DKK1 or AFP levels alone. Although DKK1 offers potential for its use in HCC diagnosis this review will discuss the challenges facing DKK1 and also shed some light on recent developments on the remaining DKK family members: DKK2, DKK3 and DKK4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Fatima
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cui J, Xi H, Cai A, Bian S, Wei B, Chen L. Decreased expression of Sox7 correlates with the upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the poor survival of gastric cancer patients. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:197-204. [PMID: 24788044 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox7 is a tumor suppressor gene that plays an important role in the inhibition and progression of cancer. In the present study, we sought to investigate Sox7 expression in gastric cancer (GC) and its association with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We also wished to determine its clinicopathological significance and prognostic implications. Sox7 expression and its effects on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using the AGS, MKN-45 and GES-1 gastric cell lines. We also used immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue samples and western blot analysis on fresh tissue samples from patients with GC. The results revealed that Sox7 expression was significantly lower in the GC samples than in distal normal tissues, which was in accordance with our results obtained from our in vitro experiments on the cell lines. However, the expression levels of β-catenin were significantly higher. Sox7 and β-catenin expression significantly correlated with the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and the TNM stage. Patient samples that were Sox7-negative correlated with a significantly shorter survival time. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that Sox7 and β-catenin had an independent effect on the survival of GC patients. Sox7 and β-catenin expression in GC had a negative liner correlation with each other. Our findings suggest that Sox7 plays an important role in inhibiting tumorigenesis and progression, and may be a potential marker for predicting the prognosis of patients with GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hongqing Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Aizhen Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Bian
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Clarke JD, Novak P, Lake AD, Shipkova P, Aranibar N, Robertson D, Severson PL, Reily MD, Futscher BW, Lehman-McKeeman LD, Cherrington NJ. Characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma related genes and metabolites in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:365-74. [PMID: 24048683 PMCID: PMC3945102 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide prevalences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are estimated to range from 30 to 40 % and 5-17 %, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily caused by hepatitis B infection, but retrospective data suggest that 4-29 % of NASH cases will progress to HCC. Currently the connection between NASH and HCC is unclear. AIMS The purpose of this study was to identify changes in expression of HCC-related genes and metabolite profiles in NAFLD progression. METHODS Transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets from human liver tissue representing NAFLD progression (normal, steatosis, NASH) were utilized and compared to published data for HCC. RESULTS Genes involved in Wnt signaling were downregulated in NASH but have been reported to be upregulated in HCC. Extracellular matrix/angiogenesis genes were upregulated in NASH, similar to reports in HCC. Iron homeostasis is known to be perturbed in HCC and we observed downregulation of genes in this pathway. In the metabolomics analysis of hepatic NAFLD samples, several changes were opposite to what has been reported in plasma of HCC patients (lysine, phenylalanine, citrulline, creatine, creatinine, glycodeoxycholic acid, inosine, and alpha-ketoglutarate). In contrast, multiple acyl-lyso-phosphatidylcholine metabolites were downregulated in NASH livers, consistent with observations in HCC patient plasma. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate an overlap in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and HCC where several classes of HCC related genes and metabolites are altered in NAFLD. Importantly, Wnt signaling and several metabolites are different, thus implicating these genes and metabolites as mediators in the transition from NASH to HCC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cluster Analysis
- Databases, Genetic
- Fatty Liver/genetics
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Metabolomics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Signal Transduction/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D. Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Petr Novak
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ
- Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - April D. Lake
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | | | - Paul L. Severson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Bernard W. Futscher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | |
Collapse
|