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Ostrycharz E, Fitzner A, Kęsy A, Siennicka A, Hukowska-Szematowicz B. MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress-related gene expression in rabbits infected with Lagovirus europaeus GI.1 and GI.2 genotypes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1349535. [PMID: 38516020 PMCID: PMC10955125 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a group of small, 17-25 nucleotide, non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. To date, little is known about the molecular signatures of regulatory interactions between miRs and apoptosis and oxidative stress in viral diseases. Lagovirus europaeus is a virus that causes severe disease in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) called Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD) and belongs to the Caliciviridae family, Lagovirus genus. Within Lagovirus europaeus associated with RHD, two genotypes (GI.1 and GI.2) have been distinguished, and the GI.1 genotype includes four variants (GI.1a, GI.1b, GI.1c, and GI.1d). The study aimed to assess the expression of miRs and their target genes involved in apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as their potential impact on the pathways during Lagovirus europaeus-two genotypes (GI.1 and GI.2) infection of different virulences in four tissues (liver, lung, kidneys, and spleen). The expression of miRs and target genes related to apoptosis and oxidative stress was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In this study, we evaluated the expression of miR-21 (PTEN, PDCD4), miR-16b (Bcl-2, CXCL10), miR-34a (p53, SIRT1), and miRs-related to oxidative stress-miR-122 (Bach1) and miR-132 (Nfr-2). We also examined the biomarkers of both processes (Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Caspase-3, PARP) and HO-I as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Our report is the first to present the regulatory effects of miRs on apoptosis and oxidative stress genes in rabbit infection with Lagovirus europaeus-two genotypes (GI.1 and GI.2) in four tissues (liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen). The regulatory effect of miRs indicates that, on the one hand, miRs can intensify apoptosis (miR-16b, miR-34a) in the examined organs in response to a viral stimulus and, on the other hand, inhibit (miR-21), which in both cases may be a determinant of the pathogenesis of RHD and tissue damage. Biomarkers of the Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio promote more intense apoptosis after infection with the Lagovirus europaeus GI.2 genotype. Our findings demonstrate that miR-122 and miR-132 regulate oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of RHD, which is associated with tissue damage. The HO-1 biomarker in the course of rabbit hemorrhagic disease indicates oxidative tissue damage. Our findings show that miR-21, miR-16b, and miR-34a regulate three apoptosis pathways. Meanwhile, miR-122 and miR-132 are involved in two oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ostrycharz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Fitzner
- Department of Foot and Mouth Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute-State Research Institute, Zduńska Wola, Poland
- National Reference Laboratory for Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD), Zduńska Wola, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kęsy
- Department of Foot and Mouth Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute-State Research Institute, Zduńska Wola, Poland
- National Reference Laboratory for Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD), Zduńska Wola, Poland
| | - Aldona Siennicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Hukowska-Szematowicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Meng X, Eslami Y, Derafsh E, Saihood A, Emtiazi N, Yasamineh S, Gholizadeh O, Pecho RDC. The roles of different microRNAs in the regulation of cholesterol in viral hepatitis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:231. [PMID: 37710249 PMCID: PMC10500852 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays a significant role in stabilizing lipid or membrane rafts, which are specific cellular membrane structures. Cholesterol is involved in numerous cellular processes, including regulating virus entry into the host cell. Multiple viruses have been shown to rely on cholesterol for virus entry and/or morphogenesis. Research indicates that reprogramming of the host's lipid metabolism is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in the progression to severe liver disease for viruses that cause chronic hepatitis. Moreover, knowing the precise mode of viral interaction with target cells sheds light on viral pathogenesis and aids in the development of vaccines and therapeutic targets. As a result, the area of cholesterol-lowering therapy is quickly evolving and has many novel antiviral targets and medications. It has been shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) either directly or indirectly target the viral genome, preventing viral replication. Moreover, miRNAs have recently been shown to be strong post-transcriptional regulators of the genes involved in lipid metabolism, particularly those involved in cholesterol homeostasis. As important regulators of lipid homeostasis in several viral infections, miRNAs have recently come to light. In addition, multiple studies demonstrated that during viral infection, miRNAs modulate several enzymes in the mevalonate/cholesterol pathway. As cholesterol metabolism is essential to the life cycle of viral hepatitis and other viruses, a sophisticated understanding of miRNA regulation may contribute to the development of a novel anti-HCV treatment. The mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of miRNAs as cholesterol regulators against viral hepatitis are explored in this review. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Meng
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002 China
| | - Yeganeh Eslami
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Derafsh
- Windsor University, School of Medicine, St. Kitts, Canada
| | - Anwar Saihood
- Department of Microbiology, college of medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Nikoo Emtiazi
- Department of Pathology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Gholizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Song Q, Mao X, Jing M, Fu Y, Yan W. Pathophysiological role of BACH transcription factors in digestive system diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1121353. [PMID: 37228820 PMCID: PMC10203417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BTB and CNC homologous (BACH) proteins, including BACH1 and BACH2, are transcription factors that are widely expressed in human tissues. BACH proteins form heterodimers with small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (MAF) proteins to suppress the transcription of target genes. Furthermore, BACH1 promotes the transcription of target genes. BACH proteins regulate physiological processes, such as the differentiation of B cells and T cells, mitochondrial function, and heme homeostasis as well as pathogenesis related to inflammation, oxidative-stress damage caused by drugs, toxicants, or infections; autoimmunity disorders; and cancer angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chemotherapy resistance, progression, and metabolism. In this review, we discuss the function of BACH proteins in the digestive system, including the liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and pancreas. BACH proteins directly target genes or indirectly regulate downstream molecules to promote or inhibit biological phenomena such as inflammation, tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BACH proteins are also regulated by proteins, miRNAs, LncRNAs, labile iron, and positive and negative feedback. Additionally, we summarize a list of regulators targeting these proteins. Our review provides a reference for future studies on targeted drugs in digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianben Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengjia Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Lu R, Yang L, Jia S, Lin M, Zhang Y, Xu X, Feng J, Nie G. Fatty hepatocytes-derived exosomal miR-122 reduces immune function and antioxidant defence in Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:186-193. [PMID: 36007833 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are important for intercellular "cross talk", but the role of exosomes in communication between hepatocytes and C. idella kidney (CIK) cells remains unknown. In this study, we detected the changes in factors related to immune and oxidative stress to investigate the molecular mechanism by which fatty hepatocyte-derived exosomes (OA-Exos) reduced immunity and induced oxidative stress in CIK cells. After incubation of CIK cells by OA-Exos for 24 h, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were significantly upregulated in the OA-Exos group (P < 0.05), and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, miR-122 expression was also significantly elevated after OA-Exos incubation. We further identified the expression of miR-122 and found that it was notably increased in OA-Exos compared to hepatocyte-derived exosomes (Exos). Then we transfected CIK cells with miR-122 mimic, consistently, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was also significantly elevated (P < 0.05), and the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), HO-1, and Mn-SOD were dramatically decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, HO-1 was improved to be a direct target of miR-122, and transfection with HO-1 siRNA indicated that changes in inflammatory cytokines and genes related to oxidative stress were consistent with the above results of CIK cells incubated with OA-Exos and miR-122 mimic. We concluded that OA-Exos may, through the miR-122/HO-1 pathway, reduce immune function and antioxidant defence in CIK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Shenzong Jia
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Mengjun Lin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Yuru Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Junchang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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Micro-Players of Great Significance-Host microRNA Signature in Viral Infections in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810536. [PMID: 36142450 PMCID: PMC9504570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time, more and more is becoming known about micro-players of great significance. This is particularly the case for microRNAs (miRNAs; miR), which have been found to participate in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes in both humans and animals. One such process is viral infection in humans and animals, in which the host miRNAs—alone or in conjunction with the virus—interact on two levels: viruses may regulate the host’s miRNAs to evade its immune system, while the host miRNAs can play anti- or pro-viral roles. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to present the key miRNAs involved in viral infections in humans and animals. We summarize the data in the available literature, indicating that the signature miRNAs in human viral infections mainly include 12 miRNAs (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-132, miR-34a, miR -21, miR-16, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-10a), while 10 miRNAs are commonly found in animals (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-145, miR-21, miR-15a/miR-16 cluster, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-122) in this context. Knowledge of which miRNAs are involved in different viral infections and the biological functions that they play can help in understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases, facilitating the future development of therapeutic agents for both humans and animals.
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Roles of microRNAs in Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081776. [PMID: 36016398 PMCID: PMC9413378 DOI: 10.3390/v14081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the development of chronic liver diseases, e.g., fibrosis, cirrhosis, even hepatocellular carcinoma, and/or extra-hepatic diseases such as diabetes. As an obligatory intracellular pathogen, HCV absolutely relies on host cells to propagate and is able to modulate host cellular factors in favor of its replication. Indeed, lots of cellular factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), have been identified to be dysregulated during HCV infection. MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate protein synthesis of their targeting mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level, usually by suppressing their target gene expression. The miRNAs dysregulated during HCV infection could directly or indirectly modulate HCV replication and/or induce liver diseases. Regulatory mechanisms of various miRNAs in HCV replication and pathogenesis have been characterized. Some dysregulated miRNAs have been considered as the biomarkers for the detection of HCV infection and/or HCV-related diseases. In this review, we intend to briefly summarize the identified miRNAs functioning at HCV replication and pathogenesis, focusing on the recent developments.
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7
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Inhibiting BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 (Bach1) as an alternative to increase Nrf2 activation in chronic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hahn D, Shin SH, Bae JS. Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Foodstuff or Medicinal Herbs Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1191. [PMID: 33260980 PMCID: PMC7761319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes heme group degradation. Decreased level of HO-1 is correlated with disease progression, and HO-1 induction suppresses development of metabolic and neurological disorders. Natural compounds with antioxidant activities have emerged as a rich source of HO-1 inducers with marginal toxicity. Here we discuss the therapeutic role of HO-1 in obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease and hepatic fibrosis, and present important signaling pathway components that lead to HO-1 expression. We provide an updated, comprehensive list of natural HO-1 inducers in foodstuff and medicinal herbs categorized by their chemical structures. Based on the continued research in HO-1 signaling pathways and rapid development of their natural inducers, HO-1 may serve as a preventive and therapeutic target for metabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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9
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Uncovering the Roles of miR-214 in Hepatitis E Virus Replication. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5322-5342. [PMID: 32735806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral pathogenesis is a complex event and its regulation involve dynamic interactions with various host factors, of which microRNAs are the key players. In the current study, we have identified the functional importance of an interplay between hepatitis E virus (HEV) and miR-214. Computational analysis indicated that miR-214 binding site is significantly conserved among HEV and related RNA viruses. Intact miR-214 binding site is imperative for HEV replication. miR-214 is an essential host factor for HEV replication. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-214 interacts directly with HEV RNA to enhance HEV replication and HEV genome translation. Augmented translation results in increased levels of HEV ORF2, which is a factor responsible for upregulation of miR-214. HEV usurps host cellular machinery for improving viral fitness and elevates miR-214 expression for amplifying the expression of proviral host factor intracellular active thrombin. This is because miR-214 represses the expression of the negative regulator of thrombin, i.e., protein C. Another viral factor, HEV ORF3, also contributes to the enhancement of intracellular active thrombin. Furthermore, miR-214 directly targets antiviral host factor 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase. Conclusively, we identified a novel mechanism of positive regulation of HEV replication. miR-214 interacts directly with HEV genome and fine-tunes host factors expression. This results in outweighing the proviral factors on the proviral-antiviral axis probably for generating virus supportive environment.
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10
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Moradi M, Mozafari F, Hosseini S, Rafiee R, Ghasemi F. A concise review on impacts of microRNAs in biology and medicine of hepatitis C virus. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant public health problem, with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 170 million. Current therapy for HCV infection includes the prolonged administration of a combination of ribavirin and PEGylated interferon-α, for over a decade. This regimen is expensive and often associated with a poor antiviral response and unwanted side effects. A highly effective combination treatment is likely required for the future management of HCV infections and entry inhibitors could play an important role. Currently, no entry inhibitor has been licensed for the prophylactic treatment of hepatitis C. Therefore, additional agents that combat HCV infection are urgently needed and must be developed. Many phytochemical constituents have been identified that display considerable inhibition of HCV at some stage of the life cycle. This review will summarise the current state of knowledge on natural products and their possible activities in the context of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy Department College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy For Girls, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Liu TY, Zhang YC, Lin YQ, Hu YF, Zhang Y, Wang D, Wang Y, Ning L. Exploration of invasive mechanisms via global ncRNA-associated virus-host crosstalk. Genomics 2019; 112:1643-1650. [PMID: 31626899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection is a complex pathogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, an integrated multiple resources analysis was performed and showed that the cellular ncRNAs and proteins targeted by viruses were primarily "hubs" and "bottlenecks" in the human ncRNA/protein-protein interaction. The common proteins targeted by both viral ncRNAs and proteins tended to skew toward higher degrees and betweenness compared with other proteins, showed significant enrichment in the cell death process. Specifically, >800 pairs of human cellular ncRNAs and viral ncRNAs that exhibited a high degree of functional homology were identified, representing potential ncRNA-mediated co-regulation patterns of viral invasion. Additionally, clustering analysis further revealed several distinct viral clusters with obvious functional divergence. Overall, this is the first attempt to systematically explore the invasive mechanism via global ncRNA-associated virus-host crosstalk. Our results provide useful information in comprehensively understanding the viral invasive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yun-Cong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yun-Qing Lin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yong-Fei Hu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528308, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Lin Ning
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China.
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13
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Özcelik D, Seto A, Rakic B, Farzam A, Supek F, Pezacki JP. Gene Expression Profiling of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hepatitis C Virus-Containing Cells Treated with an Inhibitor of Protein Disulfide Isomerases. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17227-17235. [PMID: 30775641 PMCID: PMC6369735 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) catalyze disulfide bond formation between protein cysteine residues during protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and are essential for maintaining ER homoeostasis. The life cycle of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is closely associated with the ER. Synthesis and maturation of HCV proteins occur in the ER membrane and are mediated by multiple host cell factors that include also PDI. Here, we present a study investigating the effect of PDI inhibition on Huh7 human hepatoma cells harboring an HCV subgenomic replicon using the abscisic acid-derived PDI inhibitor origamicin. Transcriptional profiling shows that origamicin changed the expression levels of genes involved in the oxidative and ER stress responses and the unfolded protein response, as indicated by the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and chaperone proteins, the downregulation of cell-cycle proteins, and induction of apoptosis-associated genes. Our data suggest that origamicin negatively impacts HCV replication by causing an imbalance in cellular homoeostasis and induction of stress responses. These insights suggest that inhibition of PDIs by low-molecular-weight inhibitors could be a promising approach to the discovery of novel antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Özcelik
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Andrew Seto
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bojana Rakic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ali Farzam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Frantisek Supek
- Department
of Genetics & Neglected Diseases, Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ottawa Institute for Systems Biology, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Fu H, Zhang X, Wang Q, Sun Y, Liu L, Huang L, Ding L, Shen M, Zhang L, Duan Y. Simple and rational design of a polymer nano-platform for high performance of HCV related miR-122 reduction in the liver. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2667-2680. [PMID: 30209483 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00639c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
microRNA-122 (miR-122) is a kind of non-coding RNA expressed specifically in the liver and accumulating evidence elucidates its relationship with HCV virus replication. The utilization of anti-miRNA oligonucleotide (antimiR) offers tremendous potential for future HCV infection therapy. However, multiple existing problems, such as targeting and stability, impede in vivo application of antimiR. To overcome them, we synthesized monomethoxy (polyethylene glycol)-poly (d,l lactide-co-glycolide)-poly (l-lysine) (mPEG-b-PLGA-b-PLL) materials to deliver miR-122 antagomir (AN), and formed stable and well-distributed AN-loaded mPEG-b-PLGA-b-PLL nanoparticles (NP-AN). NP-AN showed a high degree of miR-122 inhibition after 72 h in vitro. In vivo results showed an NP-AN "leak" through a hepatic sinusoid to reach hepatocytes and over 90% reduction of miR-122 after being injected with NP-AN for 72 h. Besides, the inhibition of miR-122 lasted for 28 days with limited dosage in vivo. This study strongly suggests that the silencing of miR-122 was enhanced and the reduction of miR-122 expression could be extended by utilizing an mPEG-b-PLGA-b-PLL nano-platform, which potentially facilitate further studies on miRNA function loss and related RNAi therapy for HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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15
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Lim JY, Liu C, Hu KQ, Smith DE, Wang XD. Ablation of carotenoid cleavage enzymes (BCO1 and BCO2) induced hepatic steatosis by altering the farnesoid X receptor/miR-34a/sirtuin 1 pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 654:1-9. [PMID: 30006135 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β-Carotene-15, 15'-oxygenase (BCO1) and β-carotene-9', 10'-oxygenase (BCO2) are essential enzymes in carotenoid metabolism. While BCO1/BCO2 polymorphisms have been associated with alterations to human and animal carotenoid levels, experimental studies have suggested that BCO1 and BCO2 may have specific physiological functions beyond the cleavage of carotenoids. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ablation of both BCO1/BCO2 in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its underlying molecular mechanism(s). BCO1/BCO2 double knock out (DKO) mice developed hepatic steatosis (8/8) and had significantly higher levels of hepatic and plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol compared to WT (0/8). Hepatic changes in the BCO1/BCO2 DKO mice were associated with significant: 1) increases in lipogenesis markers, and decreases in fatty acid β-oxidation markers; 2) upregulation of cholesterol metabolism markers; 3) alterations to microRNAs related to TG accumulation and cholesterol metabolism; 4) increases in an hepatic oxidative stress marker (HO-1) but decreases in anti-oxidant enzymes; and 5) decreases in farnesoid X receptor (FXR), small heterodimer partner (SHP), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). The present study provided novel experimental evidence that BCO1 and BCO2 could play a significant role in maintaining normal hepatic lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, potentially through the regulation of the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, USA; Biochemical and Molecular Nutrition Program, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, USA
| | | | - Donald E Smith
- Comparative Biology Unit, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, USA; Biochemical and Molecular Nutrition Program, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Singh N, Ahmad Z, Baid N, Kumar A. Host heme oxygenase-1: Friend or foe in tackling pathogens? IUBMB Life 2018; 70:869-880. [PMID: 29761622 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major challenge in management of human health worldwide. Recent literature suggests that host immune system could be modulated to ameliorate the pathogenesis of infectious disease. Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) is a key regulator of cellular signaling and it could be modulated using pharmacological reagents. HMOX1 is a cytoprotective enzyme that degrades heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and molecular iron. CO and biliverdin (or bilirubin derived from it) can restrict the growth of a few pathogens. Both of these also induce antioxidant pathways and anti-inflammatory pathways. On the other hand, molecular iron can induce proinflammatory pathway besides making the cellular environment oxidative in nature. Since microbial infections often induce oxidative stress in host cells/tissues, role of HMOX1 has been analyzed in the pathogenesis of number of infections. In this review, we have described the role of HMOX1 in pathogenesis of bacterial infections caused by Mycobacterium species, Salmonella and in microbial sepsis. We have also provided a succinct overview of the role of HMOX1 in parasitic infections such as malaria and leishmaniasis. In the end, we have also elaborated the role of HMOX1 in viral infections such as AIDS, hepatitis, dengue, and influenza. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(9):869-880, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Navin Baid
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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17
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miRNAs regulate immune response and signaling during hepatitis C virus infection. Eur J Med Res 2018; 23:19. [PMID: 29669594 PMCID: PMC5907448 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-018-0317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C is one of the most common types of viral hepatitis that impair human health. At present, there is still no effective specific therapy for hepatitis C virus infection. As host immunity is an important mechanism to defend against or clear infections, the interactions between the virus and the host immune response are crucial to the progress of the disease. Of note, hepatitis C virus infection has been reported to regulate cellular miRNAs, which play significant roles in many processes, including infection and immunity. In this review, we describe how miRNAs regulate the host immune response to hepatitis C virus via complex signaling pathways.
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18
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Czaja AJ. Epigenetic changes and their implications in autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29383703 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic risk of autoimmune hepatitis is insufficient to explain the observed risk, and epigenetic changes may explain disparities in disease occurrence in different populations within and between countries. The goal of this review was to examine how epigenetic changes induced by the environment or inherited as a phenotypic trait may affect autoimmune hepatitis and be amenable to therapeutic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pertinent abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. The number of abstracts reviewed was 1689, and the number of full-length articles reviewed exceeded 150. RESULTS Activation of pro-inflammatory genes in autoimmune disease is associated with hypomethylation of deoxyribonucleic acid and modification of histones within chromatin. Organ-specific microribonucleic acids can silence genes by marking messenger ribonucleic acids for degradation, and they can promote inflammatory activity or immunosuppression. High circulating levels of the microribonucleic acids 21 and 122 have been demonstrated in autoimmune hepatitis, and they may increase production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microribonucleic acids are also essential for maintaining regulatory T cells. Drugs, pollutants, infections, diet and ageing can induce inheritable epigenetic changes favouring autoimmunity. Reversal is feasible by manipulating enzymes, transcription factors, gene-silencing molecules and toxic exposures or by administering methyl donors and correcting vitamin D deficiency. Gene targets, site specificity, efficacy and consequences are uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Potentially reversible epigenetic changes may affect the occurrence and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis, and investigations are warranted to determine the nature of these changes, key genomic targets, and feasible interventions and their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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19
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Bajbouj K, Shafarin J, Abdalla MY, Ahmad IM, Hamad M. Estrogen-induced disruption of intracellular iron metabolism leads to oxidative stress, membrane damage, and cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317726184. [PMID: 29022497 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317726184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that several forms of cancer associate with significant iron overload. Recent studies have suggested that estrogen (E2) disrupts intracellular iron homeostasis by reducing hepcidin synthesis and maintaining ferroportin integrity. Here, the ability of E2 to alter intracellular iron status and cell growth potential was investigated in MCF-7 cells treated with increasing concentrations of E2. Treated cells were assessed for intracellular iron status, the expression of key proteins involved in iron metabolism, oxidative stress, cell survival, growth, and apoptosis. E2 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in hepcidin expression and a significant increase in hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, ferroportin, transferrin receptor, and ferritin expression; a transient decrease in labile iron pool; and a significant increase in total intracellular iron content mainly at 20 nM/48 h E2 dose. Treated cells also showed increased total glutathione and oxidized glutathione levels, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and increased hemoxygenase 1 expression. Treatment with E2 at 20 nM for 48 h resulted in a significant reduction in cell growth (0.35/1 migration rate) and decreased cell survival (<80%) as compared with controls. Survivin expression significantly increased at 24 h post treatment with 5, 10, or 20 nM; however, that of γ-H2AX increased only after survivin levels dropped and only at the 20 nM E2 dose. Minimal upregulation and splitting of caspase 9 was only evident in cells treated with 20 nM E2; no changes in caspase 3 expression were evident. Although Annexin V staining studies showed that E2 treatment did not induce apoptosis, scanning electron microscopy studies showed marked membrane blebbing at 20 nM/48 h of E2. These findings suggest that estrogen treatment disrupts intracellular iron metabolism and precipitates adverse effects concerning cell viability, membrane integrity, and growth potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud Bajbouj
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- 2 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Iman M Ahmad
- 3 Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,4 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Induces Oxidative Stress and Inhibits Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Lung Epithelial Cells. Infect Immun 2017. [PMID: 28630072 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00176-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonasaeruginosa causes lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) compound is a secreted P. aeruginosa virulence factor that contributes to the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa We were able to detect PQS in sputum samples from CF patients infected with P. aeruginosa but not in samples from uninfected patients. We then tested the hypothesis that PQS induces oxidative stress in host cells by determining the ability of PQS to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung epithelial cells (A549 and primary normal human bronchial epithelial [NHBE]) cells and macrophages (J774A.1 and THP-1). ROS production induced by PQS was detected with fluorescent probes (dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, dihydroethidium, and MitoSOX Red) in conjunction with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. PQS induced ROS production in lung epithelial (A549 and NHBE) cells and macrophages (J774A.1 and THP-1 cells). NHBE cells were sensitive to PQS concentrations as low as 500 ng/ml. PQS significantly induced early apoptosis (P < 0.05, n = 6) in lung epithelial cells, as measured by annexin/propidium iodide detection by flow cytometry. However, no change in apoptosis upon PQS treatment was seen in J774A.1 cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein is an antioxidant enzyme usually induced by oxidative stress. Interestingly, incubation with PQS significantly reduced HO-1 and NrF2 expression in A549 and NHBE cells but increased HO-1 expression in J774A.1 cells (P < 0.05, n = 3), as determined by immunoblotting and densitometry. These PQS effects on host cells could play an important role in the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa infections.
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21
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Kah J, Volz T, Lütgehetmann M, Groth A, Lohse AW, Tiegs G, Sass G, Dandri M. Haem oxygenase-1 polymorphisms can affect HCV replication and treatment responses with different efficacy in humanized mice. Liver Int 2017; 37:1128-1137. [PMID: 27992676 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Enhancement of host anti-oxidant enzymes, such as haemoxygenase-1, may attenuate virus-mediated hepatocyte injury, while the induction of HO-1 by cobalt-protoporphyrin-IX (CoPP) administration, as the application of its haem degradation product biliverdin (BV), was shown to hinder HCV replication in vitro. In addition, (GT)n -repeats length in the polymorphic region of the HO-1 promoter may affect HO-1 expression and responsiveness to infection and disease severity. Aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral and hepatoprotective effects of CoPP-mediated HO-1 induction, alone or in combination with interferon alpha (peg-IFNα), in HCV-infected mice harbouring hepatocytes from donors with different HO-1-promoter polymorphisms. METHODS Upon establishment of HCV infection, CoPP, BV and peg-IFNα were given alone or in combination. Viraemia changes and intrahepatic human gene expression were determined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CoPP administration increased human HO-1 expression and significantly reduced viraemia, although changes correlated with promoter length (Δ0.5log and Δ2log reduction with medium- and short-polymorphism respectively). Polymorphisms did not influence BV-mediated antiviral effects (Δ1log). Notably, HO-1 induction attenuated basal HCV-driven enhancement of interferon genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, both in cells with short- or medium-polymorphisms. Moreover, simultaneous administration of CoPP and peg-IFNα reduced viraemia even stronger (median 3log), whereas 1log viraemia reduction was determined in mice receiving peg-IFNα monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Although the protective function of HO-1 could be elicited in vivo with both host polymorphisms, the strength of HO-1 induction and suppression of HCV occurred in a polymorphism-dependent manner, indicating that host-genetic determinants may affect disease progression and infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kah
- I. Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tassilo Volz
- I. Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- I. Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Groth
- I. Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel Partner Site, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sass
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maura Dandri
- I. Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel Partner Site, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Selten JW, Verhoeven CJ, Heedfeld V, Roest HP, de Jonge J, Pirenne J, van Pelt J, Ijzermans JNM, Monbaliu D, van der Laan LJW. The release of microRNA-122 during liver preservation is associated with early allograft dysfunction and graft survival after transplantation. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:946-956. [PMID: 28388830 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with inferior graft survival. EAD is more prevalent in grafts from donation after circulatory death (DCD). However, accurate prediction of liver function remains difficult because of the lack of specific biomarkers. Recent experimental and clinical studies highlight the potential of hepatocyte-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) as sensitive, stable, and specific biomarkers of liver injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether miRNAs in graft preservation fluid are predictive for EAD after clinical LT and in an experimental DCD model. Graft preservation solutions of 83 liver grafts at the end of cold ischemia were analyzed for miRNAs by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of these grafts, 42% developed EAD after transplantation. Results were verified in pig livers (n = 36) exposed to different lengths of warm ischemia time (WIT). The absolute miR-122 levels and miR-122/miR-222 ratios in preservation fluids were significantly higher in DCD grafts (P = 0.001) and grafts developing EAD (P = 0.004). In concordance, the miR-122/miR-222 ratios in perfusion fluid correlate with serum transaminase levels within the first 24 hours after transplantation. Longterm graft survival was significantly diminished in grafts with high miR-122/miR-222 ratios (P = 0.02). In the porcine DCD model, increased WIT lead to higher absolute miR-122 levels and relative miR-122/miR-222 ratios in graft perfusion fluid (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). High miR-122/miR-222 ratios in pig livers were also associated with high aspartate aminotransferase levels after warm oxygenated reperfusion. In conclusion, both absolute and relative miR-122 levels in graft preservation solution are associated with DCD, EAD, and early graft loss after LT. As shown in a porcine DCD model, miRNA release correlated with the length of WITs. Liver Transplantation 23 946-956 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn W Selten
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia J Verhoeven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle Heedfeld
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henk P Roest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Liver Research Facility, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan N M Ijzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Espinoza JA, González PA, Kalergis AM. Modulation of Antiviral Immunity by Heme Oxygenase-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:487-493. [PMID: 28082120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective enzyme expressed in most cell types in the organism. Under several stress stimuli, HO-1 expression and activity is up-regulated to catalyze the rate-limiting enzymatic step of heme degradation into carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. Besides its effects on cell metabolism, HO-1 is also capable of modulating host innate and adaptive immune responses in response to sepsis, transplantation, and autoimmunity, and preventing oxidative damage associated with inflammation. In addition, recent studies have reported that HO-1 can exert a significant antiviral activity against a wide variety of viruses, including HIV, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, enterovirus 71, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus, among others. Herein, we address the current understanding of the functional significance of HO-1 against a variety of viruses and its potential as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and control viral infections. Furthermore, we review the most important features of the immunoregulatory functions for this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janyra A Espinoza
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; INSERM, Combined Research Unit 1064, Nantes University Hospital Nantes, Institute for Transplantation-Urology-Nephrology, Université de Nantes, Faculty of Medicine, Nantes, France; Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Hu Y, Song J, Liu L, Li J, Tang B, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang L, Fan S, Feng M, Li Q. Comparison analysis of microRNAs in response to EV71 and CA16 infection in human bronchial epithelial cells by high-throughput sequencing to reveal differential infective mechanisms. Virus Res 2017; 228:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Hu Y, Song J, Liu L, Li J, Tang B, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liao Y, He Z, Li Q. Different microRNA alterations contribute to diverse outcomes following EV71 and CA16 infections: Insights from high-throughput sequencing in rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:20-31. [PMID: 27765603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are the predominant pathogens of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Although these viruses exhibit genetic homology, the clinical manifestations caused by the two viruses have some discrepancies. In addition, the underlying mechanisms leading to these differences remain unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in numerous biological or pathological processes, including host responses to viral infections. Here, we focused on differences in miRNA expression patterns in rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with EV71 and CA16 at various time points using high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that 106 known and 13 novel miRNAs exhibited significant differences, and 32 key miRNAs among them for target prediction presented opposite trends in the EV71- and CA16-infected samples. GO and pathway analysis of the predicted targets showed enrichment in 14 biological processes, 10 molecular functions, 8 cellular components and 104 pathways. Subsequently, regulatory networks of miRNA-transcription factors, miRNA-predicted targets, miRNA-GOs and miRNA-pathways were constructed to reveal the complex regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs during the infection phase. Ultimately, we analysed hierarchical GO categories of the predicted targets involved in immune system processes, which indicated that the innate and adaptive immunity following EV71 and CA16 infections may be remarkably distinct. In conclusion, this report is the first describing miRNA expression profiles in PBMCs with EV71 and CA16 infections using high-throughput sequencing. Our findings could provide a valuable basis for further studies on the regulatory roles of miRNAs related to the different immune responses caused by EV71 and CA16 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Longding Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Beibei Tang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
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26
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Jo EJ, Park SJ, Kim BC. Propyl gallate sensitizes human lung cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by targeting heme oxygenase-1 for TRC8-mediated degradation. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:321-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Hoda EM, Dina MAEL, Same MS, Amr TS. Ameliorative effect of grape seed extract on metabolic disorders caused by high fat diet induced obesity in rats by reversing the increase in hepatic miR-33a and miR-122. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2016.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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28
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Zou C, Zou C, Cheng W, Li Q, Han Z, Wang X, Jin J, Zou J, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Zhao W, Du Z. Heme oxygenase-1 retards hepatocellular carcinoma progression through the microRNA pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2715-2722. [PMID: 27571925 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme metabolism system is involved in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. The complicated interplay between heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and miRNA has been observed in various tissues and diseases, including human malignancy. In the present study, our data showed that stable HO-1 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells downregulated several oncomiRs. The most stably downregulated are miR-30d and miR-107. Iron, one of HO-1 catalytic products, was an important mediator in this regulation. Cell function analysis demonstrated that HO-1 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HepG2 cells, whereas miR-30d/miR-107 improved the proliferative and migratory ability of HepG2 cells. The beneficial effect of HO-1 in HCC inhibition could be reversed by upregulating miR-30d and miR-107. Akt and ERK pathways may be involved in the regulation of HO-1/miR-30d/miR-107 in HCC. These data indicate that HO-1 significantly suppresses HCC progression by regulating the miR-30d/miR-107 level, suggesting miR-30d/miR-107 regulation as a new molecular mechanism of HO-1 anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxia Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Chendan Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Wanpeng Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjing Han
- Department of Hemopathology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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Tseng CK, Lin CK, Wu YH, Chen YH, Chen WC, Young KC, Lee JC. Human heme oxygenase 1 is a potential host cell factor against dengue virus replication. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32176. [PMID: 27553177 PMCID: PMC4995454 DOI: 10.1038/srep32176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection and replication induces oxidative stress, which further contributes to the progression and pathogenesis of the DENV infection. Modulation of host antioxidant molecules may be a useful strategy for interfering with DENV replication. In this study, we showed that induction or exogenous overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant enzyme, effectively inhibited DENV replication in DENV-infected Huh-7 cells. This antiviral effect of HO-1 was attenuated by its inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), suggesting that HO-1 was an important cellular factor against DENV replication. Biliverdin but not carbon monoxide and ferrous ions, which are products of the HO-1 on heme, mediated the HO-1-induced anti-DENV effect by non-competitively inhibiting DENV protease, with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 8.55 ± 0.38 μM. Moreover, HO-1 induction or its exogenous overexpression, rescued DENV-suppressed antiviral interferon response. Moreover, we showed that HO-1 induction by cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) and andrographolide, a natural product, as evidenced by a significant delay in the onset of disease and mortality, and virus load in the infected mice’s brains. These findings clearly revealed that a drug or therapy that induced the HO-1 signal pathway was a promising strategy for treating DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan.,Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chia Young
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhu L, Chen X, Kong X, Cai YD. Investigation of the roles of trace elements during hepatitis C virus infection using protein-protein interactions and a shortest path algorithm. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2756-68. [PMID: 27208424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis is a type of infectious disease that induces inflammation of the liver without pinpointing a particular pathogen or pathogenesis. Type C hepatitis, as a type of hepatitis, has been reported to induce cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma within a very short amount of time. It is a great threat to human health. Some studies have revealed that trace elements are associated with infection with and immune rejection against hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we aimed to expand our knowledge of this phenomenon by designing a computational method to identify genes that may be related to both HCV and trace element metabolic processes. The searching procedure included three stages. First, a shortest path algorithm was applied to a large network, constructed by protein-protein interactions, to identify potential genes of interest. Second, a permutation test was executed to exclude false discoveries. Finally, some rules based on the betweenness and associations between candidate genes and HCV and trace elements were built to select core genes among the remaining genes. RESULTS 12 lists of genes, corresponding to 12 types of trace elements, were obtained. These genes are deemed to be associated with HCV infection and trace elements metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The analyses indicate that some genes may be related to both HCV and trace element metabolic processes, further confirming the associations between HCV and trace elements. The method was further tested on another set of HCV genes, the results indicate that this method is quite robustness. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The newly found genes may partially reveal unknown mechanisms between HCV infection and trace element metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiuCun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - XiJia Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Chen X, Bian Q, Shi Y, Liu Q, Ding L, Zhang H, Zhu B. Analysis of plasma microRNA expression profiles in a Chinese population occupationally exposed to benzene and in a population with chronic benzene poisoning. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:403-14. [PMID: 27076935 PMCID: PMC4805809 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.02.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNA (miRNA) has attractive interests as a non-invasive biomarker of physiological and pathological conditions. Our study aimed to investigate the potential effects of chronic benzene poisoning (CBP) and benzene exposure on miRNA expression, and identify CBP-related miRNAs. METHODS In the discovery stage, we used a microarray assay to detect the miRNA expression profiles among pooled plasma samples from ten CBP patients, ten healthy benzene-exposed individuals and ten non-benzene exposed individuals. Subsequently, we conducted an expanded validation of six candidate miRNAs in 27 CBP patients- low blood counts, 54 healthy benzene-exposed individuals and 54 non-exposed individuals. Moreover, we predicted the biological functions of putative target genes using a Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. RESULTS In the discovery stage, compared with non-exposures, 36 and 12 miRNAs demonstrated at least a 1.0-fold differential expression in the CBP patients and the benzene exposures, respectively. And compared with benzene exposures, 58 miRNAs demonstrated at least a 1.0-fold differential expression in the CBP patients. In the expanded validation stage, compared with non-exposures as well as exposures, miR-24-3p and miR-221-3p were significantly up-regulated (1.99- and 2.06-fold for miR-24-3p, 2.19- and 3.93-fold for miR-221-3p, P<0.01) while miR-122-5p and miR-638 were significantly down-regulated (-3.45- and -2.60-fold for miR-122-5p, -1.82- and -3.20-fold for miR-638, P<0.001) in the CBP patients; compared with non-exposures, the plasma level of miR-638 was significantly up-regulated (1.38-fold, P<0.01) while the plasma levels miR-122-5p and miR-221-3p were significantly down-regulated (-0.85- and -1.74-fold, P<0.01) in the exposures, which were consistent with the results of microarray analysis. CONCLUSIONS The four indicated plasma miRNAs may be biomarkers of indicating responses to benzene exposure. Further studies are warranted to verify our findings with a large sample and to confirm the underlying mechanisms.
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Li H, Jiang JD, Peng ZG. MicroRNA-mediated interactions between host and hepatitis C virus. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1487-1496. [PMID: 26819516 PMCID: PMC4721982 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs. More than 2500 mature miRNAs are detected in plants, animals and several types of viruses. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, does not encode viral miRNA. However, HCV infection alters the expression of host miRNAs, either in cell culture or in patients with liver disease progression, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In turn, host miRNAs regulate HCV life cycle through directly binding to HCV RNAs or indirectly targeting cellular mRNAs. Increasing evidence demonstrates that miRNAs are one of the centered factors in the interaction network between virus and host. The competitive viral and host RNA hypothesis proposes a latent cross-regulation pattern between host mRNAs and HCV RNAs. High loads of HCV RNA sequester and de-repress host miRNAs from their normal host targets and thus disturb host gene expression, indicating a means of adaptation for HCV to establish a persistent infection. Some special miRNAs are closely correlated with liver-specific disease progression and the changed levels of miRNAs are even higher sensitivity and specificity than those of traditional proteins. Therefore, some of them can serve as novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in HCV-infected patients with liver diseases. They are also attractive therapeutic targets for development of new anti-HCV agents.
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MicroRNA-208a Dysregulates Apoptosis Genes Expression and Promotes Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis during Ischemia and Its Silencing Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:479123. [PMID: 26688617 PMCID: PMC4673358 DOI: 10.1155/2015/479123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. miR-208a is associated with adverse outcomes in several cardiac pathologies known to have increased apoptosis, including myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated if miR-208a has proapoptotic effects on ischemic cardiomyocytes and if its silencing has therapeutic benefits in MI. Methods and Results. The effect of miR-208a on apoptosis during ischemia was studied in cultured neonatal mice myocytes transfected with agomir or antagomir. Differential gene expression was assessed using microarrays. MI was induced in male C57BL/6 mice randomly assigned to antagomir (n = 6) or control group (n = 7), while sham group (n = 7) had sham operation done. Antagomir group received miR208a antagomir, while control and sham group mice received vehicle only. At 7 and 28 days, echocardiography was done and thereafter hearts were harvested for analysis of apoptosis by TUNEL method, fibrosis using Masson's trichrome, and hypertrophy using hematoxylin and eosin. miR-208a altered apoptosis genes expression and increased apoptosis in ischemic cardiomyocytes. Therapeutic inhibition of miR-208a decreased cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and apoptosis and significantly improved cardiac function 28 days after MI. Conclusion. miR-208a alters apoptosis genes expression and promotes apoptosis in ischemic cardiomyocytes, and its silencing attenuates apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy after MI, with significant improvement in cardiac function.
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Host-Targeting Agents to Prevent and Cure Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viruses 2015; 7:5659-85. [PMID: 26540069 PMCID: PMC4664971 DOI: 10.3390/v7112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which are leading indications of liver transplantation (LT). To date, there is no vaccine to prevent HCV infection and LT is invariably followed by infection of the liver graft. Within the past years, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have had a major impact on the management of chronic hepatitis C, which has become a curable disease in the majority of DAA-treated patients. In contrast to DAAs that target viral proteins, host-targeting agents (HTAs) interfere with cellular factors involved in the viral life cycle. By acting through a complementary mechanism of action and by exhibiting a generally higher barrier to resistance, HTAs offer a prospective option to prevent and treat viral resistance. Indeed, given their complementary mechanism of action, HTAs and DAAs can act in a synergistic manner to reduce viral loads. This review summarizes the different classes of HTAs against HCV infection that are in preclinical or clinical development and highlights their potential to prevent HCV infection, e.g., following LT, and to tailor combination treatments to cure chronic HCV infection.
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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Qi F, Hu JF, Liu BH, Wu CQ, Yu HY, Yao DK, Zhu L. MiR-9a-5p regulates proliferation and migration of hepatic stellate cells under pressure through inhibition of Sirt1. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9900-9915. [PMID: 26379395 PMCID: PMC4566383 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To reveal the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) with respect to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in response to portal hypertension.
METHODS: Primary rat HSCs were exposed to static water pressure (10 mmHg, 1 h) and the pressure-induced miRNA expression profile was detected by next-generation sequencing. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the expression of miRNAs. A potential target of MiR-9a-5p was measured by a luciferase reporter assay and Western blot. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation and migration of HSCs under pressure.
RESULTS: According to the profile, the expression of miR-9a-5p was further confirmed to be significantly increased after pressure overload in HSCs (3.70 ± 0.61 vs 0.97 ± 0.15, P = 0.0226), which resulted in the proliferation, migration and activation of HSCs. In vivo, the up-regulation of miR-9a-5p (2.09 ± 0.91 vs 4.27 ± 1.74, P = 0.0025) and the down-regulation of Sirt1 (2.41 ± 0.51 vs 1.13 ± 0.11, P = 0.0006) were observed in rat fibrotic liver with portal hypertension. Sirt1 was a potential target gene of miR-9a-5p. Through restoring the expression of Sirt1 in miR-9a-5p transfected HSCs on pressure overload, we found that overexpression of Sirt1 could partially abrogate the miR-9a-5p mediated suppression of the proliferation, migration and activation of HSCs.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that during liver fibrosis, portal hypertension may induce the proliferation, migration and activation of HSCs through the up-regulation of miR-9a-5p, which targets Sirt1.
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Zhao HL, Li HY, Mao DH, Li GL, Huang Y. Regulation of expression of HCV replication associated miR-122 by CRISPR interference. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3742-3748. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i23.3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) interference (CRISPRi) specifically represses endogenous miR-122 expression in HepG2 cells.
METHODS: Single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs; sgT1 and sgT2) targeting transcription start site (TSS) and TATA box in the region of miR-122 promoter were designed. After co-transfecting HepG2 cells with sgRNA and catalytically inactive dCas9-KRAB, the expression of miR-122 was determined by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to determine the more effective sgRNA. Different concentrations of sgRNA were tested in order to address whether CRISPRi was concentration dependent. The expression of miR-122 downstream target genes HOMX1 and CyclinG1 was assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared to the control group, CRISPRi mediated by sgT1 and sgT2 could repress endogenous miR-122 expression by 5.5-fold (P < 0.01) and 3.7-fold (P < 0.01) in HepG2 cells, respectively. The effect of CRISPRi was enhanced with increased concentration of sgRNA, and the miR-122 expression was inhibited by 10.0-fold (P < 0.01) when the amount of lentiGuide-Puro-sgT1 was 500 ng. After endogenous miR-122 expression was inhibited by CRISPRi, the expression of miR-122 downstream target genes HMOX1 and CyclinG1 was upregulated.
CONCLUSION: CRISPRi can specifically repress endogenous miR-122 expression, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy against hepatitis C virus infection.
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Lundin KE, Gissberg O, Smith CE. Oligonucleotide Therapies: The Past and the Present. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:475-85. [PMID: 26160334 PMCID: PMC4554547 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we address the development of oligonucleotide (ON) medicines from a historical perspective by listing the landmark discoveries in this field. The various biological processes that have been targeted and the corresponding ON interventions found in the literature are discussed together with brief updates on some of the more recent developments. Most ON therapies act through antisense mechanisms and are directed against various RNA species, as exemplified by gapmers, steric block ONs, antagomirs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), micro-RNA mimics, and splice switching ONs. However, ONs binding to Toll-like receptors and those forming aptamers have completely different modes of action. Similar to other novel medicines, the path to success has been lined with numerous failures, where different therapeutic ONs did not stand the test of time. Since the first ON drug was approved for clinical use in 1998, the therapeutic landscape has changed considerably, but many challenges remain until the expectations for this new form of medicine are met. However, there is room for cautious optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin E. Lundin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Gissberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C.I. Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Momen-Heravi F, Bala S, Kodys K, Szabo G. Exosomes derived from alcohol-treated hepatocytes horizontally transfer liver specific miRNA-122 and sensitize monocytes to LPS. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9991. [PMID: 25973575 PMCID: PMC4650752 DOI: 10.1038/srep09991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte damage and inflammation in monocytes/macrophages are central to the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate all of these processes. MiRNA-122 is abundantly expressed in hepatocytes while monocytes/macrophages have low levels. The role of exosomes in AH and possible cross talk between hepatocyte-derived exosomes and immune cells is not explored yet. Here, we show that the number of exosomes significantly increases in the sera of healthy individuals after alcohol binge drinking and in mice after binge or chronic alcohol consumption. Exosomes isolated from sera after alcohol consumption or from in vitro ethanol-treated hepatocytes contained miRNA-122. Exosomes derived from ethanol-treated Huh7.5 cells were taken up by the recipients THP1 monocytes and horizontally transferred a mature form of liver-specific miRNA-122. In vivo, liver mononuclear cells and Kupffer cells from alcohol-fed mice had increased miRNA-122 levels. In monocytes, miRNA-122 transferred via exosomes inhibited the HO-1 pathway and sensitized to LPS stimulation and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, inflammatory effects of exosomes from ethanol-treated hepatocytes were prevented by using RNA interference via exosome-mediated delivery of a miRNA-122 inhibitor. These results demonstrate that first, exosomes mediate communication between hepatocytes and monocytes/macrophages and second, hepatocyte-derived miRNA-122 can reprogram monocytes inducing sensitization to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shashi Bala
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karen Kodys
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Sendi H, Mehrab-Mohseni M, Foureau DM, Ghosh S, Walling TL, Steuerwald N, Zamor PJ, Kaplan KJ, Jacobs C, Ahrens WA, Russo MW, Clemens MG, Schrum LW, Bonkovsky HL. MiR-122 decreases HCV entry into hepatocytes through binding to the 3' UTR of OCLN mRNA. Liver Int 2015; 35:1315-23. [PMID: 25302477 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Analysis in silico suggests that occludin (OCLN), a key receptor for HCV, is a candidate target of miR-122; the most abundant hepatic micro RNA. We aimed to determine if miR-122 can decrease HCV entry through binding to the 3' UTR of OCLN mRNA. DESIGN Huh7.5 cells were cotransfected with luciferase construct containing 3' UTR of OCLN (pLuc-OCLN) and with selected miRNAs (0-50 nM) and luciferase activity was measured. Huh7.5 cells were also infected by viral particles containing lenti-miR122 genome or control virus. After 48 h, the cells were infected with HCV pseudo-particles (HCVpp) and VSV pseudo-particles (VSVpp). After 72 h of infection, luciferase activity was measured and HCVpp activity was normalized to VSVpp activity. RESULTS miR-122 binds to the 3'-UTR of OCLN and down-regulates its expression; cotransfection of miR-122 mimic with pLuc-OCLN resulted in a significant decrease in luciferase activity [by 55% (P < 0.01)], while a non-specific miRNA and a mutant miR-122 did not have any effect. miR-122 mimic significantly down-regulated [by 80% (P < 0.01)] OCLN protein in Huh7.5 cells. Accordingly, patients with chronic hepatitis C and higher levels of hepatic miR-122 have lower hepatic expression of OCLN. Immuno-fluorescence imaging showed a decrease in colocalization of OCLN and CLDN following miR-122 over-expression in HCV infected cells. Huh7.5 cells transiently expressing Lenti-miR122 system showed 42% (P < 0.01) decrease in HCV entry. CONCLUSION This study uncovers a novel antiviral effect of miR-122 on human liver cells and shows that over-expression of miR-122 can decrease HCV entry into hepatocytes through down-regulation of OCLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sendi
- The Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Sidhu K, Kapoor NR, Pandey V, Kumar V. The "Macro" World of microRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2015; 5:68. [PMID: 25859429 PMCID: PMC4373247 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatotropic viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the major etiological agents associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Progression of HCC is a multistep process that requires sequential or parallel deregulation of oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways leading to chromosomal instability and neoplastic phenotype. In the recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have carved their own niche alongside oncogenes and tumor suppressors, owing to their innate ability to receive and relay multiple signals. Not surprisingly, miRNAs are fast emerging as central player in myriads of malignancies including HCC. miRNAs are reported to participate in initiation and progression of HCC, and have also been clinically correlated with risk assessment, disease grade, aggressiveness, and prognosis. Despite extensive data available on the role of miRNAs in HCC, there is a pressing need to integrate and evaluate these datasets to find its correlation, if any, with causal agents in order to devise novel interventional modalities. Through this review, we attempt to bridge the gap by consolidating the current knowledge and concepts in the field of HCC-related miRNAs with special emphasis on HBV and HCV. Further, we assess the potential of common as well as unique signatures that may be useful in developing novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri Sidhu
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , New Delhi , India
| | - Neetu Rohit Kapoor
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , New Delhi , India
| | - Vijaya Pandey
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , New Delhi , India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , New Delhi , India
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Bandiera S, Pfeffer S, Baumert TF, Zeisel MB. miR-122--a key factor and therapeutic target in liver disease. J Hepatol 2015; 62:448-57. [PMID: 25308172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Being the largest internal organ of the human body with the unique ability of self-regeneration, the liver is involved in a wide variety of vital functions that require highly orchestrated and controlled biochemical processes. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for the regulation of liver development, regeneration and metabolic functions. Hence, alterations in intrahepatic miRNA networks have been associated with liver disease including hepatitis, steatosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). miR-122 is the most frequent miRNA in the adult liver, and a central player in liver biology and disease. Furthermore, miR-122 has been shown to be an essential host factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and an antiviral target, complementary to the standard of care using direct-acting antivirals or interferon-based treatment. This review summarizes our current understanding of the key role of miR-122 in liver physiology and disease, highlighting its role in HCC and viral hepatitis. We also discuss the perspectives of miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for viral hepatitis and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Bandiera
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Pfeffer
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN - UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Mirjam B Zeisel
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Shen YM, Zhang HL, Wu YH, Yu XP, Hu HJ, Dai LH. Dynamic correlation between induction of the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and hepatitis B viral replication. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4706-12. [PMID: 25633656 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) possesses significant potential as a drug target for hepatitis B, which may be transferable to patient therapy. The aim of the present study was to clarify the dynamic correlation between the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HO‑1. The levels of HBV replication and expression of HO‑1 were investigated in HepG2.2.15 hepatoma cells following exposure to 5‑50 µM hemin for 1‑6 days. The mRNA expression levels of HO‑1 were then detected using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). HBV replication levels were determined by enzyme‑immunoassay and a PCR‑fluorescence quantitation assay. The results of the present study demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of HO‑1 increased in a dose‑dependent manner in the HepG2.2.15 cells, following exposure to 5‑50 µM hemin. The mRNA expression levels of HO‑1 reached a peak following exposure of the cells to hemin for three days, subsequently the expression of HO‑1 decreased. Following exposure to hemin at an optimal concentration of 50 µM for 1‑6 days, the levels of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the cells were significantly reduced. This marked reduction in the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg reached its peak on the first day, following which the inhibition weakened as the duration of exposure increased. In addition, the inhibition of HBV DNA replication increased with the a longer duration of exposure. Furthermore, HBV DNA levels were significantly decreased following exposure to hemin for 3‑6 days. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that induced expression of HO‑1 interfered with HBV replication in a dose and time‑dependent manner, implying that a reduction of the HBV viral load may contribute to upregulation in the expression of HO‑1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Hao Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
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Abdalla MY, Ahmad IM, Switzer B, Britigan BE. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 contributes to survival of Mycobacterium abscessus in human macrophages-like THP-1 cells. Redox Biol 2015; 4:328-39. [PMID: 25638774 PMCID: PMC4326180 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (M.abs) is a rapidly growing mycobacterial species that infects macrophages, and is an important pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis. We studied the early stages of M.abs infection of macrophages, with emphasis on the role of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in this infection. THP-1 cells were activated using TPA into macrophage-like cells and infected with M.abs for different time points. M.abs infection robustly induced HO-1 expression in the THP-1 cells. Production of HO-1 was p38 MAPK-dependent, as p38 inhibitors suppressed HO-1 induction. Pretreatment with HO-1 inhibitors tin-protoporphyrin (SnPP) significantly inhibited M.abs growth inside macrophages. Furthermore, inhibiting HO-1 using HO-1 siRNA or the HO-1 upstream signaling molecule; Nrf2 using Nrf2 siRNA resulted in similar inhibition of M.abs. In contrast, inducing HO-1 did not increase M.abs intracellular growth above control. Products of HO-1 metabolism of heme are bilirubin, biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and iron. The addition of either bilirubin or biliverdin, but not CO, completely restored the SnPP inhibitory effect and partially that with HO-1 siRNA. To understand the mechanisms, we used Syto-62 labeled M.abs to infect macrophages. Interestingly, HO-1 inhibition promoted M.abs-containing phagosome fusion with lysosomes, which should enhance M.abs killing. M.abs infection enhanced THP-1 ROS production as demonstrated by increased DHE, DCF fluorescence, and EPR signal. HO-1 inhibition further increased ROS production in infected macrophages. Our results indicate that HO-1 induction is important for M.abs growth during the early stages of infection, and that the HO-1 products bilirubin and biliverdin, perhaps through modulation of intracellular ROS levels, may be involved. HO-1 induction is important for Mycobacterium abscessus growth inside infected macrophages during the early stages of infection. Reducing HO-1 products may enhance the ability of the macrophage to control Mycobacterium abscessus infection. HO-1 inhibition increases phagosome–lysosome fusion and thus Mycobacterium abscessus killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Y Abdalla
- Research Service, VA Medical Center-Omaha Nebraska Western Iowa, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Iman M Ahmad
- School of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Barbara Switzer
- Research Service, VA Medical Center-Omaha Nebraska Western Iowa, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bradley E Britigan
- Research Service, VA Medical Center-Omaha Nebraska Western Iowa, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Escalera-Cueto M, Medina-Martínez I, del Angel RM, Berumen-Campos J, Gutiérrez-Escolano AL, Yocupicio-Monroy M. Let-7c overexpression inhibits dengue virus replication in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells. Virus Res 2015; 196:105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Soota K, Maliakkal B. Ribavirin induced hemolysis: A novel mechanism of action against chronic hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16184-16190. [PMID: 25473172 PMCID: PMC4239506 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is not usually cleared by our immune system, leading to the development of chronic hepatitis C infection. Chronic HCV induces the production of various cytokines, predominantly by Kupffer cells (KCs), and creates a pro-inflammatory state in the liver. The chronic dysregulated production of interferon (IFN) and other cytokines by KCs also promotes innate immune tolerance. Ribavirin (RBV) monotherapy has been shown to decrease inflammation in liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Sustained virological response (SVR) is significantly higher when IFN is combined with RBV in chronic HCV (cHCV) infection. However, the mechanism of their synergy remains unclear. Previous theories have attempted to explain the anti-HCV effect based on direct action of RBV alone on the virus or on the immune system; however, these theories have serious shortcomings. We propose that hemolysis, which universally occurs with RBV therapy and which is considered a limiting side effect, is precisely the mechanism by which the anti-HCV effect is exerted. Passive hemolysis results in anti-inflammatory/antiviral actions within the liver that disrupt the innate immune tolerance, leading to the synergy of RBV with IFN-α. Ribavirin-induced hemolysis floods the hepatocytes and KCs with heme, which is metabolized and detoxified by heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) to carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and free iron (which induces ferritin). These metabolites of heme possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, HMOX1 plays an extremely important anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective role, particularly in KCs and hepatocytes. HMOX1 has been noted to have anti-viral effects in hepatitis C infected cell lines. Additionally, it has been shown to enhance the response to IFN-α by restoring interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This mechanism can be clinically corroborated by the following observations that have been found in patients undergoing RBV/IFN combination therapy for cHCV: (1) SVR rates are higher in patients who develop anemia; (2) once anemia (due to hemolysis) occurs, the SVR rate does not depend on the treatment utilized to manage anemia; and (3) ribavirin analogs, such as taribavirin and levovirin, which increase intrahepatic ribavirin levels and which produce lesser hemolysis, are inferior to ribavirin for treating cHCV. This mechanism can also explain the observed RBV synergy with direct antiviral agents. This hypothesis is testable and may lead to newer and safer medications for treating cHCV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Hemolytic/blood
- Anemia, Hemolytic/chemically induced
- Anemia, Hemolytic/immunology
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/adverse effects
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Hemolysis/drug effects
- Hepacivirus/drug effects
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/blood
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/physiopathology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Ribavirin/adverse effects
- Ribavirin/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
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Xiong Y, Zhang C, Yuan J, Zhu Y, Tan Z, Kuang X, Wang X. Hepatitis C virus represses the cellular antiviral response by upregulating the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 through sponging microRNA‑122. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1733-7. [PMID: 25377467 PMCID: PMC4270330 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non‑coding RNAs that inhibit the expression of target protein coding genes at the post‑transcriptional level. miR‑122 is a liver specific miRNA. Notably, miR‑122 is used by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) for triggering viral replication by interacting with the 5' untranslated region of the HCV RNA. The present study demonstrated that miR‑122 inhibited the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an antivirus response repressor. The HCV RNA acted as an 'miRNA sponge', which upregulated the expression of STAT3 by sealing miR‑122. Subsequently, it was confirmed that this miR‑122 sponge function of HCV RNA repressed the expression of polyinosinic‑polycytidylic acid‑stimulated type I interferons. The present study provided a deeper understanding of the complex role of miR‑122 in the progression of HCV infection and supported the miR‑122 inhibition strategy in anti‑HCV infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xiong
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Tan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Kuang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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Fan HX, Tang H. Complex interactions between microRNAs and hepatitis B/C viruses. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13477-13492. [PMID: 25309078 PMCID: PMC4188899 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of many target genes via mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. Many studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the modulation of gene expression and replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and play a pivotal role in host-virus interactions. Increasing evidence also demonstrates that viral infection leads to alteration of the miRNA expression profile in hepatic tissues or circulation. The deregulated miRNAs participate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression by functioning as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by targeting various genes involved in cancer-related signaling pathways. The distinct expression pattern of miRNAs may be a useful marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of virus-related diseases considering the limitation of currently used biomarkers. Moreover, the role of deregulated miRNA in host-virus interactions and HCC development suggested that miRNAs may serve as therapeutic targets or as tools. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about the deregulation and the role of miRNAs during HBV/HCV infection and HCC development, and we discuss the possible mechanism of action of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of virus-related diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of using miRNAs as markers for diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets and drugs.
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ZHANG BINGGUI, WANG RONGQI, DU JINGHUA, NIU JINGYA, ZHANG RUI, XU SHUNJIANG, NIU XUEMIN, ZHANG QINGFU, NAN YUEMIN. Upregulated microRNA-199a-5p inhibits nuclear receptor corepressor 1 translation in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3080-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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50
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Wuestenberg A, Kah J, Singethan K, Sirma H, Keller AD, Rosal SRP, Schrader J, Loscher C, Volz T, Bartenschlager R, Lohmann V, Protzer U, Dandri M, Lohse AW, Tiegs G, Sass G. Matrix conditions and KLF2-dependent induction of heme oxygenase-1 modulate inhibition of HCV replication by fluvastatin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96533. [PMID: 24801208 PMCID: PMC4011762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims HMG-CoA-reductase-inhibitors (statins) have been shown to interfere with HCV replication in vitro. We investigated the mechanism, requirements and contribution of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)-induction by statins to interference with HCV replication. Methods HO-1-induction by fluva-, simva-, rosuva-, atorva- or pravastatin was correlated to HCV replication, using non-infectious replicon systems as well as the infectious cell culture system. The mechanism of HO-1-induction by statins as well as its relevance for interference with HCV replication was investigated using transient or permanent knockdown cell lines. Polyacrylamide(PAA) gels of different density degrees or the Rho-kinase-inhibitor Hydroxyfasudil were used in order to mimic matrix conditions corresponding to normal versus fibrotic liver tissue. Results All statins used, except pravastatin, decreased HCV replication and induced HO-1 expression, as well as interferon response in vitro. HO-1-induction was mediated by reduction of Bach1 expression and induction of the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) cofactor Krueppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). Knockdown of KLF2 or HO-1 abrogated effects of statins on HCV replication. HO-1-induction and anti-viral effects of statins were more pronounced under cell culture conditions mimicking advanced stages of liver disease. Conclusions Statin-mediated effects on HCV replication seem to require HO-1-induction, which is more pronounced in a microenvironment resembling fibrotic liver tissue. This implicates that certain statins might be especially useful to support HCV therapy of patients at advanced stages of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wuestenberg
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janine Kah
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Singethan
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hüseyin Sirma
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amelie Dorothea Keller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergio René Perez Rosal
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schrader
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Loscher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tassilo Volz
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maura Dandri
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sass
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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