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Hu M, Feng X, Liu Q, Liu S, Huang F, Xu H. The ion channels of endomembranes. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1335-1385. [PMID: 38451235 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of organellar membranes in the biosynthetic pathway [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles] as well as those in the degradative pathway (early endosomes, macropinosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes). These endomembrane organelles/vesicles work together to synthesize, modify, package, transport, and degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, regulating the balance between cellular anabolism and catabolism. Large ion concentration gradients exist across endomembranes: Ca2+ gradients for most endomembrane organelles and H+ gradients for the acidic compartments. Ion (Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Cl-) channels on the organellar membranes control ion flux in response to cellular cues, allowing rapid informational exchange between the cytosol and organelle lumen. Recent advances in organelle proteomics, organellar electrophysiology, and luminal and juxtaorganellar ion imaging have led to molecular identification and functional characterization of about two dozen endomembrane ion channels. For example, whereas IP3R1-3 channels mediate Ca2+ release from the ER in response to neurotransmitter and hormone stimulation, TRPML1-3 and TMEM175 channels mediate lysosomal Ca2+ and H+ release, respectively, in response to nutritional and trafficking cues. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of these endomembrane channels, with a focus on their subcellular localizations, ion permeation properties, gating mechanisms, cell biological functions, and disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Feng
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Adkins-Threats M, Arimura S, Huang YZ, Divenko M, To S, Mao H, Zeng Y, Hwang JY, Burclaff JR, Jain S, Mills JC. Metabolic regulator ERRγ governs gastric stem cell differentiation into acid-secreting parietal cells. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:886-903.e8. [PMID: 38733994 PMCID: PMC11162331 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Parietal cells (PCs) produce gastric acid to kill pathogens and aid digestion. Dysregulated PC census is common in disease, yet how PCs differentiate is unclear. Here, we identify the PC progenitors arising from isthmal stem cells, using mouse models and human gastric cells, and show that they preferentially express cell-metabolism regulator and orphan nuclear receptor Estrogen-related receptor gamma (Esrrg, encoding ERRγ). Esrrg expression facilitated the tracking of stepwise molecular, cellular, and ultrastructural stages of PC differentiation. EsrrgP2ACreERT2 lineage tracing revealed that Esrrg expression commits progenitors to differentiate into mature PCs. scRNA-seq indicated the earliest Esrrg+ PC progenitors preferentially express SMAD4 and SP1 transcriptional targets and the GTPases regulating acid-secretion signal transduction. As progenitors matured, ERRγ-dependent metabolic transcripts predominated. Organoid and mouse studies validated the requirement of ERRγ for PC differentiation. Our work chronicles stem cell differentiation along a single lineage in vivo and suggests ERRγ as a therapeutic target for PC-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahliyah Adkins-Threats
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sumimasa Arimura
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang-Zhe Huang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Margarita Divenko
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah To
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heather Mao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongji Zeng
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jenie Y Hwang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Joseph R Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shilpa Jain
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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3
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Zhao M, Qiao C, Yang S, Tang Y, Sun W, Sun S, Guo Q, Du F, Zhang N, Ning T, Wu J, Xu J, Li P. Hinokitiol protects gastric injury from ethanol exposure via its iron sequestration capacity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176340. [PMID: 38244759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Hinokitiol is a natural bioactive tropolone derivative isolated from Chamaecyparis obtusa and Thuja plicata, which exhibits promising potential in terms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and possesses potent iron-binding capacity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of hinokitiol in protecting against ethanol-induced gastric injury and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that hinokitiol effectively attenuated hemorrhagic gastric lesions, epithelial cell loss, and inflammatory response in mice with ethanol-induced gastric injury. Intriguingly, we found that ethanol exposure affects iron levels both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the disturbed iron homeostasis was involved in the development of ethanol-induced injury. Iron depletion was found to enhance defense against ethanol-induced damage, while iron repletion showed the opposite effect. To further explore the role of iron sequestration in the protective effects of hinokitiol, we synthesized methylhinokitiol, a compound that shields the iron binding capacity of hinokitiol with a methyl group. Interestingly, this compound significantly diminishes the protective effect against ethanol-induced injury. These findings collectively demonstrated that hinokitiol could potentially be used to prevent or improve gastric injury induced by ethanol through regulating cellular iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- National Institute of Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingdong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Feng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - TingTing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Junxuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Néré R, Kouba S, Carreras-Sureda A, Demaurex N. S-acylation of Ca2+ transport proteins: molecular basis and functional consequences. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:407-421. [PMID: 38348884 PMCID: PMC10903462 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) regulates a multitude of cellular processes during fertilization and throughout adult life by acting as an intracellular messenger to control effector functions in excitable and non-excitable cells. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels are driven by the co-ordinated action of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers, and the resulting signals are shaped and decoded by Ca2+-binding proteins to drive rapid and long-term cellular processes ranging from neurotransmission and cardiac contraction to gene transcription and cell death. S-acylation, a lipid post-translational modification, is emerging as a critical regulator of several important Ca2+-handling proteins. S-acylation is a reversible and dynamic process involving the attachment of long-chain fatty acids (most commonly palmitate) to cysteine residues of target proteins by a family of 23 proteins acyltransferases (zDHHC, or PATs). S-acylation modifies the conformation of proteins and their interactions with membrane lipids, thereby impacting intra- and intermolecular interactions, protein stability, and subcellular localization. Disruptions of S-acylation can alter Ca2+ signalling and have been implicated in the development of pathologies such as heart disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Here, we review the recent literature on the S-acylation of Ca2+ transport proteins of organelles and of the plasma membrane and highlight the molecular basis and functional consequence of their S-acylation as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting this regulation for diseases caused by alterations in cellular Ca2+ fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Néré
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sana Kouba
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jiao D, Jiao F, Qian ZJ, Luo L, Wang Y, Shen YD, Lei HT, Xu ZL. Formation and Detection of Gizzerosine in Animal Feed Matrices: Progress and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3247-3258. [PMID: 38320115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Gizzerosine is responsible for gizzard erosion and black vomit, owing to excessive gastric acid secretion in poultry. It is a biogenic amine that forms during feed processing. Gizzerosine, a derivative of histamine, is a serious threat to animal feed safety and poultry production because it is more potent after ingestion and more harmful to poultry than histamine. The difficulty of obtaining gizzerosine and the lack of simple, rapid, and sensitive in vitro detection techniques have hindered studies on the effects of gizzerosine on gizzard health and poultry production. In this review, we evaluated the natural formation and the chemical synthesis methods of gizzerosine and introduced seven detection methods and their principles for analyzing gizzerosine. This review summarizes the issues of gizzerosine research and suggests methods for the future development of gizzerosine detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Jiao
- Gong Yi Shi Di San Chu Ji Zhong Xue, Zhengzhou 451200, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Qian
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 510410, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 510410, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Chen D, Hagen SJ, Boyce M, Zhao CM. Neuroendocrine mechanism of gastric acid secretion: Historical perspectives and recent developments in physiology and pharmacology. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13305. [PMID: 37317882 PMCID: PMC10656367 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The physiology of gastric acid secretion is one of the earliest subjects in medical literature and has been continuously studied since 1833. Starting with the notion that neural stimulation alone drives acid secretion, progress in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of this process has led to the development of therapeutic strategies for patients with acid-related diseases. For instance, understanding the physiology of parietal cells led to the developments of histamine 2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and recently, potassium-competitive acid blockers. Furthermore, understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of gastrin has led to the development of gastrin/CCK2 receptor (CCK2 R) antagonists. The need for refinement of existing drugs in patients have led to second and third generation drugs with better efficacy at blocking acid secretion. Further understanding of the mechanism of acid secretion by gene targeting in mice has enabled us to dissect the unique role for each regulator to leverage and justify the development of new targeted therapeutics for acid-related disorders. Further research on the mechanism of stimulation of gastric acid secretion and the physiological significances of gastric acidity in gut microbiome is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Chen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Susan J Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Chun-Mei Zhao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Rather MA, Khan A, Wang L, Jahan S, Rehman MU, Makeen HA, Mohan S. TRP channels: Role in neurodegenerative diseases and therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16910. [PMID: 37332910 PMCID: PMC10272313 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TRP (Transient receptor potential) channels are integral membrane proteins consisting of a superfamily of cation channels that allow permeability of both monovalent and divalent cations. TRP channels are subdivided into six subfamilies: TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPP, TRPML, and TRPA, and are expressed in almost every cell and tissue. TRPs play an instrumental role in the regulation of various physiological processes. TRP channels are extensively represented in brain tissues and are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, exhibiting responses to several mechanisms, including physical, chemical, and thermal stimuli. TRP channels are involved in the perturbation of Ca2+ homeostasis in intracellular calcium stores, both in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, and its discrepancy leads to several neuronal disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). TRPs participate in neurite outgrowth, receptor signaling, and excitotoxic cell death in the central nervous system. Understanding the mechanism of TRP channels in neurodegenerative diseases may extend to developing novel therapies. Thus, this review articulates TRP channels' physiological and pathological role in exploring new therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashoque Ahmad Rather
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Bryd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Bryd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Peripheral Inflammatory Cytokine Signature Mirrors Motor Deficits in Mucolipidosis IV. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030546. [PMID: 35159355 PMCID: PMC8834097 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucolipidosis IV (MLIV) is an autosomal recessive pediatric disease that leads to motor and cognitive deficits and loss of vision. It is caused by a loss of function of the lysosomal channel transient receptor potential mucolipin-1 and is associated with an early pro-inflammatory brain phenotype, including increased cytokine expression. The goal of the current study was to determine whether blood cytokines are linked to motor dysfunction in patients with MLIV and reflect brain inflammatory changes observed in an MLIV mouse model. Methods: To determine the relationship between blood cytokines and motor function, we collected plasma from MLIV patients and parental controls concomitantly with assessment of motor function using the Brief Assessment of Motor Function and Modified Ashworth scales. We then compared these profiles with cytokine profiles in brain and plasma samples collected from the Mcoln1−/− mouse model of MLIV. Results: We found that MLIV patients had prominently increased cytokine levels compared to familial controls and identified profiles of cytokines correlated with motor dysfunction, including IFN-γ, IFN-α2, and IP-10. We found that IP-10 was a key differentiating factor separating MLIV cases from controls based on data from human plasma, mouse plasma, and mouse brain. Conclusions: Our data indicate that MLIV is characterized by increased blood cytokines, which are strongly related to underlying neurological and functional deficits in MLIV patients. Moreover, our data identify the interferon pro-inflammatory axis in both human and mouse signatures, suggesting that interferon signaling is an important aspect of MLIV pathology.
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Ion Channels and Pumps in Autophagy: A Reciprocal Relationship. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123537. [PMID: 34944044 PMCID: PMC8700256 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, the process of cellular self-degradation, is intrinsically tied to the degradative function of the lysosome. Several diseases have been linked to lysosomal degradative defects, including rare lysosomal storage disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Ion channels and pumps play a major regulatory role in autophagy. Importantly, calcium signaling produced by TRPML1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily) has been shown to regulate autophagic progression through biogenesis of autophagic-lysosomal organelles, activation of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) and degradation of autophagic cargo. ER calcium channels such as IP3Rs supply calcium for the lysosome, and lysosomal function is severely disrupted in the absence of lysosomal calcium replenishment by the ER. TRPML1 function is also regulated by LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3) and mTORC1, two critical components of the autophagic network. Here we provide an overview of the current knowledge about ion channels and pumps-including lysosomal V-ATPase (vacuolar proton-ATPase), which is required for acidification and hence proper enzymatic activity of lysosomal hydrolases-in the regulation of autophagy, and discuss how functional impairment of some of these leads to diseases.
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Estradiol analogs attenuate autophagy, cell migration and invasion by direct and selective inhibition of TRPML1, independent of estrogen receptors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8313. [PMID: 33859333 PMCID: PMC8050276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cation channel TRPML1 is an important regulator of lysosomal function and autophagy. Loss of TRPML1 is associated with neurodegeneration and lysosomal storage disease, while temporary inhibition of this ion channel has been proposed to be beneficial in cancer therapy. Currently available TRPML1 channel inhibitors are not TRPML isoform selective and block at least two of the three human isoforms. We have now identified the first highly potent and isoform-selective TRPML1 antagonist, the steroid 17β-estradiol methyl ether (EDME). Two analogs of EDME, PRU-10 and PRU-12, characterized by their reduced activity at the estrogen receptor, have been identified through systematic chemical modification of the lead structure. EDME and its analogs, besides being promising new small molecule tool compounds for the investigation of TRPML1, selectively affect key features of TRPML1 function: autophagy induction and transcription factor EB (TFEB) translocation. In addition, they act as inhibitors of triple-negative breast cancer cell migration and invasion.
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DeRosa S, Salani M, Smith S, Sangster M, Miller-Browne V, Wassmer S, Xiao R, Vandenberghe L, Slaugenhaupt S, Misko A, Grishchuk Y. MCOLN1 gene therapy corrects neurologic dysfunction in the mouse model of mucolipidosis IV. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:908-922. [PMID: 33822942 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis IV (MLIV) is an orphan disease leading to debilitating psychomotor deficits and vision loss. It is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the MCOLN1 gene that encodes the lysosomal transient receptor potential channel mucolipin1, or TRPML1. With no existing therapy, the unmet need in this disease is very high. Here, we showed that AAV-mediated CNS-targeted gene transfer of the human MCOLN1 gene rescued motor function and alleviated brain pathology in the MLIV mouse model. Using the AAV-PHP.b vector in symptomatic mice, we showed long-term reversal of declined motor function and significant delay of paralysis. Next, using self-complementary AAV9 clinical candidate vector, we showed that its intracerebroventricular administration in post-natal day 1 mice significantly improved motor function, myelination and reduced lysosomal storage load in the MLIV mouse brain. Based on our data and general advancements in the gene therapy field, we propose scAAV9-mediated CSF-targeted MCOLN1 gene transfer as a therapeutic strategy in MLIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha DeRosa
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Monica Salani
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sierra Smith
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Madison Sangster
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Victoria Miller-Browne
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sarah Wassmer
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ru Xiao
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Luk Vandenberghe
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Susan Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Albert Misko
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Vardi A, Pri-Or A, Wigoda N, Grishchuk Y, Futerman AH. Proteomics analysis of a human brain sample from a mucolipidosis type IV patient reveals pathophysiological pathways. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:39. [PMID: 33478506 PMCID: PMC7818904 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), an ultra-rare neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, which encodes the late endosomal/lysosomal transient receptor potential channel TRPML1 (mucolipin 1). The precise pathophysiogical pathways that cause neurological disease in MLIV are poorly understood. Recently, the first post-mortem brain sample became available from a single MLIV patient, and in the current study we performed mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics on this tissue with a view to delineating pathological pathways, and to compare with previously-published data on MLIV, including studies using the Mcoln1−/− mouse. Results A number of pathways were altered in two brain regions from the MLIV patient, including those related to the lysosome, lipid metabolism, myelination, cellular trafficking and autophagy, mTOR and calmodulin, the complement system and interferon signaling. Of these, levels of some proteins not known previously to be associated with MLIV were altered, including APOD, PLIN4, ATG and proteins related to interferon signaling. Moreover, when proteins detected by proteomics in the human brain were compared with their orthologs detected in the Mcoln1−/− mouse by RNAseq, the results were remarkably similar. Finally, analysis of proteins in human and mouse CSF suggest that calbindin 1 and calbindin 2 might be useful as biomarkers to help chart the course of disease development. Conclusions Despite the sample size limitations, our findings are consistent with the relatively general changes in lysosomal function previously reported in MLIV, and shed light on new pathways of disease pathophysiology, which is required in order to understand the course of disease development and to determine the efficacy of therapies when they become available for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Vardi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Pri-Or
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- The Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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13
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Wang Z, El Zowalaty AE, Li Y, Andersen CL, Ye X. Association of luteal cell degeneration and progesterone deficiency with lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis type IV in Mcoln1-/- mouse model†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:782-790. [PMID: 31317194 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily, member 1 (TRPML1) (MCOLN1/Mcoln1) is a lysosomal counter ion channel. Mutations in MCOLN1 cause mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), a progressive and severe lysosomal storage disorder with a slow onset. Mcoln1-/- mice recapitulate typical MLIV phenotypes but roles of TRPML1 in female reproduction are unknown. Despite normal mating activities, Mcoln1-/- female mice had reduced fertility at 2 months old and quickly became infertile at 5 months old. Progesterone deficiency was detected on 4.5 days post coitum/gestation day 4.5 (D4.5). Immunohistochemistry revealed TRPML1 expression in luteal cells of wild type corpus luteum (CL). Corpus luteum formation was not impaired in 5-6 months old Mcoln1-/- females indicated by comparable CL numbers in control and Mcoln1-/- ovaries on both D1.5 and D4.5. In the 5-6 months old Mcoln1-/- ovaries, histology revealed less defined corpus luteal cord formation, extensive luteal cell vacuolization and degeneration; immunofluorescence revealed disorganized staining of collagen IV, a basal lamina marker for endothelial cells; Nile Red staining detected lipid droplet accumulation, a typical phenotype of MLIV; immunofluorescence of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60, a mitochondrial marker) and in situ hybridization of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR, for the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis) showed reduced expression of HSP60 and StAR, indicating impaired mitochondrial functions. Luteal cell degeneration and impaired mitochondrial functions can both contribute to progesterone deficiency in the Mcoln1-/- mice. This study demonstrates a novel function of TRPML1 in maintaining CL luteal cell integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuehuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Christian L Andersen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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14
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Mepyans M, Andrzejczuk L, Sosa J, Smith S, Herron S, DeRosa S, Slaugenhaupt SA, Misko A, Grishchuk Y, Kiselyov K. Early evidence of delayed oligodendrocyte maturation in the mouse model of mucolipidosis type IV. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044230. [PMID: 32586947 PMCID: PMC7406328 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal disease caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene that encodes the endolysosomal transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1, or TRPML1. MLIV results in developmental delay, motor and cognitive impairments, and vision loss. Brain abnormalities include thinning and malformation of the corpus callosum, white-matter abnormalities, accumulation of undegraded intracellular 'storage' material and cerebellar atrophy in older patients. Identification of the early events in the MLIV course is key to understanding the disease and deploying therapies. The Mcoln1-/- mouse model reproduces all major aspects of the human disease. We have previously reported hypomyelination in the MLIV mouse brain. Here, we investigated the onset of hypomyelination and compared oligodendrocyte maturation between the cortex/forebrain and cerebellum. We found significant delays in expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers Mag, Mbp and Mobp in the Mcoln1-/- cortex, manifesting as early as 10 days after birth and persisting later in life. Such delays were less pronounced in the cerebellum. Despite our previous finding of diminished accumulation of the ferritin-bound iron in the Mcoln1-/- brain, we report no significant changes in expression of the cytosolic iron reporters, suggesting that iron-handling deficits in MLIV occur in the lysosomes and do not involve broad iron deficiency. These data demonstrate very early deficits of oligodendrocyte maturation and critical regional differences in myelination between the forebrain and cerebellum in the mouse model of MLIV. Furthermore, they establish quantitative readouts of the MLIV impact on early brain development, useful to gauge efficacy in pre-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Mepyans
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Livia Andrzejczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jahree Sosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sierra Smith
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shawn Herron
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Samantha DeRosa
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Albert Misko
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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15
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Lloyd-Evans E, Waller-Evans H. Lysosomal Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Signaling in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035311. [PMID: 31653642 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is an essential process in all cells that is maintained by a plethora of channels, pumps, transporters, receptors, and intracellular Ca2+ sequestering stores. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration govern processes as far reaching as fertilization, cell growth, and motility through to cell death. In recent years, lysosomes have emerged as a major intracellular Ca2+ storage organelle with an increasing involvement in triggering or regulating cellular functions such as endocytosis, autophagy, and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This review will summarize recent work in the area of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis, including newly identified functions, and the involvement of lysosome-derived Ca2+ signals in human disease. In addition, we explore recent controversies in the techniques used for measurement of lysosomal Ca2+ content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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16
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Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapeutic Application for Modulation of Lysosomal Ion Channels and Functions. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030217. [PMID: 32131531 PMCID: PMC7150957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of nanoparticles in various fields have been addressed. Nanomaterials serve as carriers for transporting conventional drugs or proteins through lysosomes to various cellular targets. The basic function of lysosomes is to trigger degradation of proteins and lipids. Understanding of lysosomal functions is essential for enhancing the efficacy of nanoparticles-mediated therapy and reducing the malfunctions of cellular metabolism. The lysosomal function is modulated by the movement of ions through various ion channels. Thus, in this review, we have focused on the recruited ion channels for lysosomal function, to understand the lysosomal modulation through the nanoparticles and its applications. In the future, lysosomal channels-based targets will expand the therapeutic application of nanoparticles-associated drugs.
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17
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Spix B, Chao YK, Abrahamian C, Chen CC, Grimm C. TRPML Cation Channels in Inflammation and Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:225. [PMID: 32184778 PMCID: PMC7058977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In 1883, Ilya Mechnikov discovered phagocytes and established the concept of phagocytosis by macrophages. In 1908, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for his findings, which laid the foundations for today's understanding of the innate immune response. Only in the 1960s, Max Cooper and Robert Good significantly advanced our understanding of the immune system by demonstrating that B- and T-cells cooperate to regulate the adaptive immune response. Both, innate and adaptive immune response are essential to effectively protect the individual against infectious agents, such as viruses, bacterial or insect toxins, or allergens. Innate immune responses occur rapidly upon exposure to noxious or infectious agents or organisms, in contrast to the adaptive immune system that needs days rather than hours to develop and acts primarily on the basis of antigen-specific receptors expressed on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes. In recent years, it has become evident that endosomes and lysosomes are involved in many aspects of immune cell function, such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation and processing by antigen-presenting cells, release of proinflammatory mediators, e.g., by mast cells, or secretion of the pore-forming protein perforin by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Several lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) have been associated with defects in immune system function or immune system hyperactivity, such as Gaucher, Fabry, or Niemann-Pick type C1 disease, mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), gangliosidosis, or juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL). Beside accumulating evidence on the importance of endolysosomes in immune cell function, recent results suggest direct roles of endolysosomal ion channels, such as the TRPML channels (mucolipins), which are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of non-selective cation channels, for different aspects of immune cell function. The aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge about the roles of TRPML channels in inflammation and immunity, and to assess their potential as drug targets to influence immune cell functions. Advances: Examples of recently established roles of TRPML channels in immune system function and immune response include the TRPML1-mediated modulation of secretory lysosomes, granzyme B content, and tuning of effector function in NK cells, TRPML1-dependent directional dendritic cell (DC) migration and DC chemotaxis, and the role of TRPML2 in chemokine release from LPS-stimulated macrophages. Outlook: Although our understanding of the functional roles of TRPML channels in inflammation and immunity is still in its infancy, a few interesting findings have been made in the past years, encouraging further and more detailed work on the role of TRPMLs, e.g., in intracellular trafficking and release of chemokines, cytokines, or granzyme B, or in phagocytosis and bacterial toxin and virus trafficking through the endolysosomal machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Spix
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Abrahamian
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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18
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Hong C, Choi SH, Kwak M, Jeong B, Ko J, Park HJ, Choi S, Jun JY, So I. TRPC5 channel instability induced by depalmitoylation protects striatal neurons against oxidative stress in Huntington's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118620. [PMID: 31812495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation, the covalent lipid modification of the side chain of Cys residues with the 16‑carbon fatty acid palmitate, is the most common acylation, and it enhances the membrane stability of ion channels. This post-translational modification (PTM) determines a functional mechanism of ion channel life cycle from maturation and membrane trafficking to localization. Especially, neurodevelopment is regulated by balancing the level of synaptic protein palmitoylation/depalmitoylation. Recently, we revealed the pathological role of the transient receptor potential canonical type 5 (TRPC5) channel in striatal neuronal loss during Huntington's disease (HD), which is abnormally activated by oxidative stress. Here, we report a mechanism of TRPC5 palmitoylation at a conserved cysteine residue, that is critical for intrinsic channel activity. Furthermore, we identified the therapeutic effect of TRPC5 depalmitoylation by enhancing the TRPC5 membrane instability on HD striatal cells in order to lower TRPC5 toxicity. Collectively, these findings suggest that controlling S-palmitoylation of the TRPC5 channel as a potential risk factor can modulate TRPC5 channel expression and activity, providing new insights into a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea.
| | - Seo Hwa Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Misun Kwak
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Byeongseok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Park
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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19
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Capurro MI, Greenfield LK, Prashar A, Xia S, Abdullah M, Wong H, Zhong XZ, Bertaux-Skeirik N, Chakrabarti J, Siddiqui I, O'Brien C, Dong X, Robinson L, Peek RM, Philpott DJ, Zavros Y, Helmrath M, Jones NL. VacA generates a protective intracellular reservoir for Helicobacter pylori that is eliminated by activation of the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1411-1423. [PMID: 31110360 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a proven carcinogen for gastric cancer. Its virulence factor vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) promotes more severe disease and gastric colonization. VacA, by an unknown mechanism, usurps lysosomal and autophagy pathways to generate a protected reservoir for H. pylori that confers bacterial survival in vitro. Here, we show the existence of a VacA-generated intracellular niche in vivo that protects the bacteria from antibiotic treatment and leads to infection recrudescence after therapy. Furthermore, we report that VacA targets the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1 to disrupt endolysosomal trafficking and mediate these effects. Remarkably, H. pylori that lack toxigenic VacA colonize enlarged dysfunctional lysosomes in the gastric epithelium of trpml1-null mice, where they are protected from eradication therapy. Furthermore, a small molecule agonist directed against TRPML1 reversed the toxic effects of VacA on endolysosomal trafficking, culminating in the clearance of intracellular bacteria. These results suggest that TRPML1 may represent a therapeutic target for chronic H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana I Capurro
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura K Greenfield
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akriti Prashar
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sunny Xia
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Majd Abdullah
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harikesh Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xi Zoe Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nina Bertaux-Skeirik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jayati Chakrabarti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine O'Brien
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xianping Dong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lisa Robinson
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicola L Jones
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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21
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Boudewyn LC, Walkley SU. Current concepts in the neuropathogenesis of mucolipidosis type IV. J Neurochem 2019; 148:669-689. [PMID: 29770442 PMCID: PMC6239999 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is an autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disorder causing progressively severe intellectual disability, motor and speech deficits, retinal degeneration often culminating in blindness, and systemic disease causing a shortened lifespan. MLIV results from mutations in the gene MCOLN1 encoding the transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1. It is an ultra-rare disease and is currently known to affect just over 100 diagnosed individuals. The last decade has provided a wealth of research focused on understanding the role of the enigmatic mucolipin-1 protein in cell and brain function and how its absence causes disease. This review explores our current understanding of the mucolipin-1 protein in relation to neuropathogenesis in MLIV and describes recent findings implicating mucolipin-1's important role in mechanistic target of rapamycin and TFEB (transcription factor EB) signaling feedback loops as well as in the function of the greater endosomal/lysosomal system. In addition to addressing the vital role of mucolipin-1 in the brain, we also report new data on the question of whether haploinsufficiency as would be anticipated in MCOLN1 heterozygotes is associated with any evidence of neuron dysfunction or disease. Greater insights into the role of mucolipin-1 in the nervous system can be expected to shed light not only on MLIV disease but also on numerous processes governing normal brain function. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Boudewyn
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Steven U. Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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22
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Zhang X, Hu M, Yang Y, Xu H. Organellar TRP channels. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:1009-1018. [PMID: 30374082 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channels mediate Ca2+ flux and voltage changes across membranes in response to environmental and cellular signals. At the plasma membrane, sensory TRPs act as neuronal detectors of physical and chemical environmental signals, and receptor-operated (metabotropic) TRPs decode extracellular neuroendocrine cues to control body homeostasis. In intracellular membranes, such as those in lysosomes, organellar TRPs respond to compartment-derived signals to control membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and organelle function. Complementing mouse and human genetics and high-resolution structural approaches, physiological studies employing natural agonists and synthetic inhibitors have become critical in resolving the in vivo functions of metabotropic, sensory, and organellar TRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meiqin Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yexin Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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23
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Kim SW, Kim DH, Park KS, Kim MK, Park YM, Muallem S, So I, Kim HJ. Palmitoylation controls trafficking of the intracellular Ca 2+ channel MCOLN3/TRPML3 to regulate autophagy. Autophagy 2018; 15:327-340. [PMID: 30215288 PMCID: PMC6333453 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1518671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MCOLN3/TRPML3 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is expressed in multiple subcellular compartments with dynamic localization. Our previous studies suggest that upon macroautophagy/autophagy induction MCOLN3/TRPML3 is recruited and provides Ca2+ for the fusion process in autophagosome biogenesis. However, how intracellular trafficking and the Ca2+ channel function of MCOLN3/TRPML3 are related to autophagy are not known. Here we report that MCOLN3/TRPML3 undergoes palmitoylation at its C-terminal region, which is required for dynamic trafficking and cellular function of MCOLN3/TRPML3 in autophagy. Palmitoylation regulated MCOLN3/TRPML3 surface expression and trafficking, but not channel properties or localization and function of intracellular MCOLN3/TRPML3. Activation of intracellular MCOLN3/TRPML3 induced robust Ca2+ release, which solely increased autophagy in Ca2+- and palmitoylation-dependent manners. Palmitoylation regulated not only intracellular MCOLN3/TRPML3 trafficking to autophagic structures but also autophagic flux in induced autophagy. Importantly, nutrient starvation activated MCOLN3/TRPML3 to release Ca2+ and increased the level of MCOLN3/TRPML3 palmitoylation. Disruption of MCOLN3/TRPML3 palmitoylation, however, abolished the starvation-induced MCOLN3/TRPML3 activation without affecting channel activity. These results suggest that trafficking and channel function of MCOLN3/TRPML3 are regulated in the context of autophagy, and palmitoylation is a prerequisite for the function of MCOLN3/TRPML3 as a Ca2+ channel in autophagosome formation by controlling its trafficking between subcellular compartments. Abbreviations: 17-ODYA, 17-octadecynoic acid; 2-BP, 2-bromopalmitate; BFA, brefeldin A; DN, dominant-negative; GPN, glycyl-L-phenylalanine-beta-naphthylamide; HN, hydroxylamine; KD, knockdown; MCOLN3/TRPML3, mucolipin 3; MS, mass spectrometry; PAT, palmitoyl acyltransferase; PM, plasma membrane; WT, wild type; ZDHHC, a zinc-finger motif and an Asp-His-His-Cys sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sun Park
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yun Min Park
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea,CONTACT Hyun Jin Kim Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Insuk So Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Bretou M, Sáez PJ, Sanséau D, Maurin M, Lankar D, Chabaud M, Spampanato C, Malbec O, Barbier L, Muallem S, Maiuri P, Ballabio A, Helft J, Piel M, Vargas P, Lennon-Duménil AM. Lysosome signaling controls the migration of dendritic cells. Sci Immunol 2018; 2:2/16/eaak9573. [PMID: 29079589 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aak9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) patrol their environment by linking antigen acquisition by macropinocytosis to cell locomotion. DC activation upon bacterial sensing inhibits macropinocytosis and increases DC migration, thus promoting the arrival of DCs to lymph nodes for antigen presentation to T cells. The signaling events that trigger such changes are not fully understood. We show that lysosome signaling plays a critical role in this process. Upon bacterial sensing, lysosomal calcium is released by the ionic channel TRPML1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily, member 1), which activates the actin-based motor protein myosin II at the cell rear, promoting fast and directional migration. Lysosomal calcium further induces the activation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), which translocates to the nucleus to maintain TRPML1 expression. We found that the TRPML1-TFEB axis results from the down-regulation of macropinocytosis after bacterial sensing by DCs. Lysosomal signaling therefore emerges as a hitherto unexpected link between macropinocytosis, actomyosin cytoskeleton organization, and DC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bretou
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Doriane Sanséau
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Danielle Lankar
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Melanie Chabaud
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Carmine Spampanato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), I-80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Odile Malbec
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Lucie Barbier
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institute FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) of Molecular Oncology (IFOM-FIRC), I-20139 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), I-80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, I-80131 Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julie Helft
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France. .,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France.
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25
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Gómez NM, Lu W, Lim JC, Kiselyov K, Campagno KE, Grishchuk Y, Slaugenhaupt SA, Pfeffer BA, Fliesler SJ, Mitchell CH. Robust lysosomal calcium signaling through channel TRPML1 is impaired by lysosomal lipid accumulation. FASEB J 2018; 32:782-794. [PMID: 29030399 PMCID: PMC5888396 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700220rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential cation channel mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel is a conduit for lysosomal calcium efflux, and channel activity may be affected by lysosomal contents. The lysosomes of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells are particularly susceptible to build-up of lysosomal waste products because they must degrade the outer segments phagocytosed daily from adjacent photoreceptors; incomplete degradation leads to accumulation of lipid waste in lysosomes. This study asks whether stimulation of TRPML1 can release lysosomal calcium in RPE cells and whether such release is affected by lysosomal accumulations. The TRPML agonist ML-SA1 raised cytoplasmic calcium levels in mouse RPE cells, hesRPE cells, and ARPE-19 cells; this increase was rapid, robust, reversible, and reproducible. The increase was not altered by extracellular calcium removal or by thapsigargin but was eliminated by lysosomal rupture with glycyl-l-phenylalanine-β-naphthylamide. Treatment with desipramine to inhibit acid sphingomyelinase or YM201636 to inhibit PIKfyve also reduced the cytoplasmic calcium increase triggered by ML-SA1, whereas RPE cells from TRPML1-/- mice showed no response to ML-SA1. Cotreatment with chloroquine and U18666A induced formation of neutral, autofluorescent lipid in RPE lysosomes and decreased lysosomal Ca2+ release. Lysosomal Ca2+ release was also impaired in RPE cells from the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 4-/- mouse model of Stargardt's retinal dystrophy. Neither TRPML1 mRNA nor total lysosomal calcium levels were altered in these models, suggesting a more direct effect on the channel. In summary, stimulation of TRPML1 elevates cytoplasmic calcium levels in RPE cells, but this response is reduced by lysosomal accumulation.-Gómez, N. M., Lu, W. Lim, J. C., Kiselyov, K., Campagno, K. E., Grishchuk, Y., Slaugenhaupt, S. A., Pfeffer, B., Fliesler, S. J., Mitchell, C. H. Robust lysosomal calcium signaling through channel TRPML1 is impaired by lysosomal lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Más Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wennan Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason C. Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keith E. Campagno
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan A. Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce A. Pfeffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY)–University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY)–University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- State University of New York (SUNY)–Eye Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Steven J. Fliesler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY)–University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY)–University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- State University of New York (SUNY)–Eye Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Claire H. Mitchell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Okamoto CT. Regulation of Transporters and Channels by Membrane-Trafficking Complexes in Epithelial Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:a027839. [PMID: 28246186 PMCID: PMC5666629 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The vectorial secretion and absorption of fluid and solutes by epithelial cells is dependent on the polarized expression of membrane solute transporters and channels at the apical and basolateral membranes. The establishment and maintenance of this polarized expression of transporters and channels are affected by divers protein-trafficking complexes. Moreover, regulation of the magnitude of transport is often under control of physiological stimuli, again through the interaction of transporters and channels with protein-trafficking complexes. This review highlights the value in utilizing transporters and channels as cargo to characterize core trafficking machinery by which epithelial cells establish and maintain their polarized expression, and how this machinery regulates fluid and solute transport in response to physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis T Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9121
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27
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Chen Q, She J, Zeng W, Guo J, Xu H, Bai XC, Jiang Y. Structure of mammalian endolysosomal TRPML1 channel in nanodiscs. Nature 2017; 550:415-418. [PMID: 29019981 PMCID: PMC5901962 DOI: 10.1038/nature24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) is an endo/lysosomal cation channel ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells1,2 and its loss-of-function mutations are the direct cause of Type IV mucolipidosis (MLIV), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease3-6. Here we present the single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the mouse TRPML1 channel embedded in nanodiscs. Combined with mutagenesis, the TRPML1 structure reveals that phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) binds to the N-terminus of the channel – distal from the pore – and the helix-turn-helix extension between S2 and S3 likely couples ligand binding to pore opening. The tightly packed selectivity filter contains multiple ion binding sites and the conserved acidic residues form the luminal Ca2+ blocking site that confers luminal pH and Ca2+ modulation on channel conductance. A luminal linker domain forms a fenestrated canopy atop the channel, providing multiple luminal ion passages to the pore and also creating a negative electrostatic trap – preferably for divalent cations at the luminal entrance. The structure also reveals two equally distributed S4-S5 linker conformations in the closed channel, providing structural implication for the S4-S5 linker-mediated PIP2 gating mechanism among TRPML channels7,8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA
| | - Ji She
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA
| | - Weizhong Zeng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, USA
| | - Xiao-Chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA
| | - Youxing Jiang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA
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28
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Sahoo N, Gu M, Zhang X, Raval N, Yang J, Bekier M, Calvo R, Patnaik S, Wang W, King G, Samie M, Gao Q, Sahoo S, Sundaresan S, Keeley TM, Wang Y, Marugan J, Ferrer M, Samuelson LC, Merchant JL, Xu H. Gastric Acid Secretion from Parietal Cells Is Mediated by a Ca 2+ Efflux Channel in the Tubulovesicle. Dev Cell 2017; 41:262-273.e6. [PMID: 28486130 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells requires trafficking and exocytosis of H/K-ATPase-rich tubulovesicles (TVs) toward apical membranes in response to histamine stimulation via cyclic AMP elevation. Here, we found that TRPML1 (ML1), a protein that is mutated in type IV mucolipidosis (ML-IV), is a tubulovesicular channel essential for TV exocytosis and acid secretion. Whereas ML-IV patients are reportedly achlorhydric, transgenic overexpression of ML1 in mouse parietal cells induced constitutive acid secretion. Gastric acid secretion was blocked and stimulated by ML1 inhibitors and agonists, respectively. Organelle-targeted Ca2+ imaging and direct patch-clamping of apical vacuolar membranes revealed that ML1 mediates a PKA-activated conductance on TV membranes that is required for histamine-induced Ca2+ release from TV stores. Hence, we demonstrated that ML1, acting as a Ca2+ channel in TVs, links transmitter-initiated cyclic nucleotide signaling with Ca2+-dependent TV exocytosis in parietal cells, providing a regulatory mechanism that could be targeted to manage acid-related gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mingxue Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Neel Raval
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Junsheng Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Michael Bekier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raul Calvo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Greyson King
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mohammad Samie
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sasmita Sahoo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sinju Sundaresan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juan Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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29
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Sassano MF, Ghosh A, Tarran R. Tobacco Smoke Constituents Trigger Cytoplasmic Calcium Release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:193-198. [PMID: 28620626 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ is a universal second messenger that is involved in many processes throughout the body, including the regulation of cell growth/cell division, apoptosis, and the secretion of both ions, and macromolecules. Tobacco smoke exerts multiple effects on airway epithelia and we have previously shown that Kentucky reference cigarette smoke exposure elevated the second messenger Ca2+, leading to dysfunctional ion secretion. In this study, we tested whether little cigar and commercial cigarette smoke exposure exerts similar effects on intracellular Ca2+ levels. Indeed, Swisher Sweets, Captain Black, and Cheyenne little cigars, as well as Camel, Marlboro, and Newport cigarettes, triggered a comparable increase in intracellular Ca2+ as seen with Kentucky reference cigarettes in human bronchial epithelia. We also found that Kentucky reference cigarette smoke exposure caused increases in Ca2+ in HEK293T cells and that similar increases in Ca2+ were seen with the tobacco smoke metabolites 1-NH2-naphthalene, formaldehyde, nicotine, and nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone. Given the large number of physiological processes governed by changes in cytosolic Ca2+, our data suggest that Ca2+ signaling is a useful and reproducible assay that can be used to probe the propensity of tobacco products and their constituents to cause toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flori Sassano
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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30
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Erkhembaatar M, Gu DR, Lee SH, Yang YM, Park S, Muallem S, Shin DM, Kim MS. Lysosomal Ca 2+ Signaling is Essential for Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Remodeling. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:385-396. [PMID: 27589205 PMCID: PMC9850942 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal Ca2+ emerges as a critical component of receptor-evoked Ca2+ signaling and plays a crucial role in many lysosomal and physiological functions. Lysosomal Ca2+ release is mediated by the transient receptor potential (TRP) family member TRPML1, mutations that cause the lysosomal storage disease mucolipidosis type 4. Lysosomes play a key role in osteoclast function. However, nothing is known about the role of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling in osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism. In this study, we addressed this knowledge gap by studying the role of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling in osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast and osteoblast functions, and bone homeostasis in vivo. We manipulated lysosomal Ca2+ signaling by acute knockdown of TRPML1, deletion of TRPML1 in mice, pharmacological inhibition of lysosomal Ca2+ influx, and depletion of lysosomal Ca2+ storage using the TRPML agonist ML-SA1. We found that knockdown and deletion of TRPML1, although it did not have an apparent effect on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, markedly attenuated osteoclast function, RANKL-induced cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations, inhibited activation of NFATc1 and osteoclastogenesis-controlling genes, suppressed the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (MNCs), and markedly reduced the differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages into osteoclasts. Moreover, deletion of TRPML1 resulted in enlarged lysosomes, inhibition of lysosomal secretion, and attenuated the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. Notably, depletion of lysosomal Ca2+ with ML-SA1 similarly abrogated RANKL-induced Ca2+ oscillations and MNC formation. Deletion of TRPML1 in mice reduced the TRAP-positive bone surfaces and impaired bone remodeling, resulting in prominent osteopetrosis. These findings demonstrate the essential role of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling in osteoclast differentiation and mature osteoclast function, which play key roles in bone homeostasis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhsoyol Erkhembaatar
- Department of Oral Physiology, and Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Dong Ryun Gu
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation (CMFR), School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Hoon Lee
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation (CMFR), School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonhong Park
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seuk Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, and Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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31
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Zheng W, Yang J, Beauchamp E, Cai R, Hussein S, Hofmann L, Li Q, Flockerzi V, Berthiaume LG, Tang J, Chen XZ. Regulation of TRPP3 Channel Function by N-terminal Domain Palmitoylation and Phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25678-25691. [PMID: 27754867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential polycystin-3 (TRPP3) is a cation channel activated by calcium and proton and is involved in hedgehog signaling, intestinal development, and sour tasting. How TRPP3 channel function is regulated remains poorly understood. By N-terminal truncation mutations, electrophysiology, and Xenopus oocyte expression, we first identified fragment Asp-21-Ser-42 to be functionally important. We then found that deletion mutant Δ1-36 (TRPP3 missing fragment Met-1-Arg-36) has a similar function as wild-type TRPP3, whereas Δ1-38 is functionally dead, suggesting the importance of Val-37 or Cys-38. Further studies found that Cys-38, but not Val-37, is functionally critical. Cys-38 is a predicted site of palmitoylation, and indeed TRPP3 channel activity was inhibited by palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate and rescued by palmitoylation substrate palmitic acid. The TRPP3 N terminus (TRPP3NT, Met-1-Leu-95) localized along the plasma membrane of HEK293 cells but stayed in the cytoplasm with 2-bromopalmitate treatment or C38A mutation, indicating that TRPP3NT anchors to the surface membrane through palmitoylation at Cys-38. By acyl-biotin exchange assays, we showed that TRPP3, but not mutant C38A, is indeed palmitoylated. When putative phosphorylation sites near Cys-38 were mutated to Asp or Glu to mimic phosphorylation, only T39D and T39E reduced TRPP3 function. Furthermore, TRPP3NT displayed double bands in which the upper band was abolished by λ phosphatase treatment or T39A mutation. However, palmitoylation at Cys-38 and phosphorylation at Thr-39 independently regulated TRPP3 channel function, in contrast to previous reports about correlated palmitoylation with a proximate phosphorylation. Palmitoylation at Cys-38 represents a novel mechanism of functional regulation for TRPP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - JungWoo Yang
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - Erwan Beauchamp
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Cai
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - Laura Hofmann
- the Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Qiang Li
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- the Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Luc G Berthiaume
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- the Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and .,the Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Ahuja
- a Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Soonhong Park
- b Department of Oral Biology , BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- b Department of Oral Biology , BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry , Seoul , Korea
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- a Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Huang L, Tang MD, Li XL, Lin L. Effect of vagotomy on central nesfatin-1-induced decrease in gastric acid secretion. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1002-1008. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i7.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the effect of gastric acid secretion decrease induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of nesfatin-1.
METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into a control group and a nesfatin-1 group after implantation of an ICV cannula. The nesfatin-1 group was injected intracerebroventricularly with different concentrations of nesfatin-1, and the control group was treated with the same amount of distilled water (5 μL/rat). The volume of gastric secretion was measured and the amount of gastric acid was determined by titration with NaOH. H+/K+-ATPase mRNA expression was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Activity of H+/K+-ATPase was determined indirectly by measuring K+-stimulated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (pNPPase) activity. In another group of animals, rats were divided into a vagotomy and a sham group. The treatments and measurements were the same as above.
RESULTS: Intracerebroventricular infusion of nesfatin-1 significantly reduced gastric acid output, and the maximum inhibitory effect on gastric acid output was detected at a dose of 50 pmol/rat. Furthermore, nesfatin-1 decreased H+/K+-ATPase mRNA expression and activity in gastric mucosal tissue compared to the control group. The inhibitory action of nesfatin-1 on the acid output and H+/K+-ATPase expression and activity was abolished by vagotomy.
CONCLUSION: Nesfatin-1 injected intracerebroventricularly induces a dose-dependent decrease in gastric acid secretion in rats and the vagal nerve may be involved in the process of the effect of nesfatin-1.
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Park S, Ahuja M, Kim MS, Brailoiu GC, Jha A, Zeng M, Baydyuk M, Wu LG, Wassif CA, Porter FD, Zerfas PM, Eckhaus MA, Brailoiu E, Shin DM, Muallem S. Fusion of lysosomes with secretory organelles leads to uncontrolled exocytosis in the lysosomal storage disease mucolipidosis type IV. EMBO Rep 2015; 17:266-78. [PMID: 26682800 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TRPML1 cause the lysosomal storage disease mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV). The role of TRPML1 in cell function and how the mutations cause the disease are not well understood. Most studies focus on the role of TRPML1 in constitutive membrane trafficking to and from the lysosomes. However, this cannot explain impaired neuromuscular and secretory cells' functions that mediate regulated exocytosis. Here, we analyzed several forms of regulated exocytosis in a mouse model of MLIV and, opposite to expectations, we found enhanced exocytosis in secretory glands due to enlargement of secretory granules in part due to fusion with lysosomes. Preliminary exploration of synaptic vesicle size, spontaneous mEPSCs, and glutamate secretion in neurons provided further evidence for enhanced exocytosis that was rescued by re-expression of TRPML1 in neurons. These features were not observed in Niemann-Pick type C1. These findings suggest that TRPML1 may guard against pathological fusion of lysosomes with secretory organelles and suggest a new approach toward developing treatment for MLIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonhong Park
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Oral Biology, BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min Seuk Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan City, Korea
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Archana Jha
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mei Zeng
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maryna Baydyuk
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ling-Gang Wu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Wassif
- Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Eckhaus
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Grishchuk Y, Peña KA, Coblentz J, King VE, Humphrey DM, Wang SL, Kiselyov KI, Slaugenhaupt SA. Impaired myelination and reduced brain ferric iron in the mouse model of mucolipidosis IV. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1591-601. [PMID: 26398942 PMCID: PMC4728313 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, which encodes the lysosomal transient receptor potential ion channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1). MLIV causes impaired motor and cognitive development, progressive loss of vision and gastric achlorhydria. How loss of TRPML1 leads to severe psychomotor retardation is currently unknown, and there is no therapy for MLIV. White matter abnormalities and a hypoplastic corpus callosum are the major hallmarks of MLIV brain pathology. Here, we report that loss of TRPML1 in mice results in developmental aberrations of brain myelination as a result of deficient maturation and loss of oligodendrocytes. Defective myelination is evident in Mcoln1(-/-) mice at postnatal day 10, an active stage of postnatal myelination in the mouse brain. Expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers is reduced in Mcoln1(-/-) mice at postnatal day 10 and remains lower throughout the course of the disease. We observed reduced Perls' staining in Mcoln1(-/-) brain, indicating lower levels of ferric iron. Total iron content in unperfused brain is not significantly different between Mcoln1(-/-) and wild-type littermate mice, suggesting that the observed maturation delay or loss of oligodendrocytes might be caused by impaired iron handling, rather than by global iron deficiency. Overall, these data emphasize a developmental rather than a degenerative disease course in MLIV, and suggest that there should be a stronger focus on oligodendrocyte maturation and survival to better understand MLIV pathogenesis and aid treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Karina A Peña
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 519 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jessica Coblentz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 519 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Victoria E King
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel M Humphrey
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shirley L Wang
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kirill I Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 519 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Grishchuk Y, Stember KG, Matsunaga A, Olivares AM, Cruz NM, King VE, Humphrey DM, Wang SL, Muzikansky A, Betensky RA, Thoreson WB, Haider N, Slaugenhaupt SA. Retinal Dystrophy and Optic Nerve Pathology in the Mouse Model of Mucolipidosis IV. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 186:199-209. [PMID: 26608452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucolipidosis IV is a debilitating developmental lysosomal storage disorder characterized by severe neuromotor retardation and progressive loss of vision, leading to blindness by the second decade of life. Mucolipidosis IV is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, which encodes the transient receptor potential channel protein mucolipin-1. Ophthalmic pathology in patients includes corneal haze and progressive retinal and optic nerve atrophy. Herein, we report ocular pathology in Mcoln1(-/-) mouse, a good phenotypic model of the disease. Early, but non-progressive, thinning of the photoreceptor layer, reduced levels of rhodopsin, disrupted rod outer segments, and widespread accumulation of the typical storage inclusion bodies were the major histological findings in the Mcoln1(-/-) retina. Electroretinograms showed significantly decreased functional response (scotopic a- and b-wave amplitudes) in the Mcoln1(-/-) mice. At the ultrastructural level, we observed formation of axonal spheroids and decreased density of axons in the optic nerve of the aged (6-month-old) Mcoln1(-/-) mice, which indicates progressive axonal degeneration. Our data suggest that mucolipin-1 plays a role in postnatal development of photoreceptors and provides a set of outcome measures that can be used for ocular therapy development for mucolipidosis IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Grishchuk
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Katherine G Stember
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aya Matsunaga
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana M Olivares
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nelly M Cruz
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria E King
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel M Humphrey
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shirley L Wang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alona Muzikansky
- Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca A Betensky
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wallace B Thoreson
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Neena Haider
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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You LL, Cao DH, Jiang J, Hou Z, Suo YE, Wang SD, Cao XY. Transgenic mouse models of gastric cancer: Pathological characteristic and applications. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:2754-2760. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i17.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic animal models of gastric cancer have high specificity and similar tumor characteristics to human gastric cancer. Current research and application of transgenic animal models of gastric cancer are wide, and several models have been developed. In transgenic animal models of gastric cancer, primary gastric carcinoma can develop spontaneously. These transgenic animal models have been widely used to study the mechanism of gastric cancer development, and have great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. This paper systematically summarizes several different kinds of transgenic animal models and describes the molecular pathogenic mechanisms and pathological characteristics of gastric mucosal lesions in these models as well as their applications.
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The role of TRPMLs in endolysosomal trafficking and function. Cell Calcium 2014; 58:48-56. [PMID: 25465891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Transient Receptor Potential-Mucolipin (TRPML) constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved cation channels that function predominantly in endolysosomal vesicles. Whereas loss-of-function mutations in human TRPML1 were first identified as being causative for the lysosomal storage disease, Mucolipidosis type IV, most mammals also express two other TRPML isoforms called TRPML2 and TRPML3. All three mammalian TRPMLs as well as TRPML related genes in other species including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila exhibit overlapping functional and biophysical properties. The functions of TRPML proteins include roles in vesicular trafficking and biogenesis, maintenance of neuronal development, function, and viability, and regulation of intracellular and organellar ionic homeostasis. Biophysically, TRPML channels are non-selective cation channels exhibiting variable permeability to a host of cations including Na(+), Ca(2+), Fe(2+), and Zn(2+), and are activated by a phosphoinositide species, PI(3,5)P2, that is mostly found in endolysosomal membranes. Here, we review the functional and biophysical properties of these enigmatic cation channels, which represent the most ancient and archetypical TRP channels.
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Chen CC, Keller M, Hess M, Schiffmann R, Urban N, Wolfgardt A, Schaefer M, Bracher F, Biel M, Wahl-Schott C, Grimm C. A small molecule restores function to TRPML1 mutant isoforms responsible for mucolipidosis type IV. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4681. [PMID: 25119295 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder often characterized by severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities and neuro-retinal degeneration. Mutations in the TRPML1 gene are causative for MLIV. We used lead optimization strategies to identify--and MLIV patient fibroblasts to test--small-molecule activators for their potential to restore TRPML1 mutant channel function. Using the whole-lysosome planar patch-clamp technique, we found that activation of MLIV mutant isoforms by the endogenous ligand PI(3,5)P2 is strongly reduced, while activity can be increased using synthetic ligands. We also found that the F465L mutation renders TRPML1 pH insensitive, while F408Δ impacts synthetic ligand binding. Trafficking defects and accumulation of zinc in lysosomes of MLIV mutant fibroblasts can be rescued by the small molecule treatment. Collectively, our data demonstrate that small molecules can be used to restore channel function and rescue disease associated abnormalities in patient cells expressing specific MLIV point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Chen
- 1] Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munchen 81377, Germany [2]
| | - Marco Keller
- 1] Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munchen 81377, Germany [2]
| | - Martin Hess
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munchen 82152, Germany
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Urban
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicolgy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 04107, Germany
| | - Annette Wolfgardt
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munchen 81377, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicolgy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 04107, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munchen 81377, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munchen 81377, Germany
| | - Christian Wahl-Schott
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munchen 81377, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- 1] Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munchen 81377, Germany [2]
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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41
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Feng X, Huang Y, Lu Y, Xiong J, Wong CO, Yang P, Xia J, Chen D, Du G, Venkatachalam K, Xia X, Zhu MX. Drosophila TRPML forms PI(3,5)P2-activated cation channels in both endolysosomes and plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4262-72. [PMID: 24375408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential mucolipin (TRPML) channels are implicated in endolysosomal trafficking, lysosomal Ca(2+) and Fe(2+) release, lysosomal biogenesis, and autophagy. Mutations in human TRPML1 cause the lysosome storage disease, mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV). Unlike vertebrates, which express three TRPML genes, TRPML1-3, the Drosophila genome encodes a single trpml gene. Although the trpml-deficient flies exhibit cellular defects similar to those in mammalian TRPML1 mutants, the biophysical properties of Drosophila TRPML channel remained uncharacterized. Here, we show that transgenic expression of human TRPML1 in the neurons of Drosophila trpml mutants partially suppressed the pupal lethality phenotype. When expressed in HEK293 cells, Drosophila TRPML was localized in both endolysosomes and plasma membrane and was activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) applied to the cytoplasmic side in whole lysosomes and inside-out patches excised from plasma membrane. The PI(3,5)P2-evoked currents were blocked by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), but not other phosphoinositides. Using TRPML A487P, which mimics the varitint-waddler (Va) mutant of mouse TRPML3 with constitutive whole-cell currents, we show that TRPML is biphasically regulated by extracytosolic pH, with an optimal pH about 0.6 pH unit higher than that of human TRPML1. In addition to monovalent cations, TRPML exhibits high permeability to Ca(2+), Mn(2+), and Fe(2+), but not Fe(3+). The TRPML currents were inhibited by trivalent cations Fe(3+), La(3+), and Gd(3+). These features resemble more closely to mammalian TRPML1 than TRPML2 and TRPML3, but with some obvious differences. Together, our data support the use of Drosophila for assessing functional significance of TRPML1 in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Feng
- From the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 510150
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42
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Kiselyov KK, Ahuja M, Rybalchenko V, Patel S, Muallem S. The intracellular Ca²⁺ channels of membrane traffic. Channels (Austin) 2012; 6:344-51. [PMID: 22907062 DOI: 10.4161/chan.21723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of organellar fusion and fission by Ca ( 2+) has emerged as a central paradigm in intracellular membrane traffic. Originally formulated for Ca ( 2+) -driven SNARE-mediated exocytosis in the presynaptic terminals, it was later expanded to explain membrane traffic in other exocytic events within the endo-lysosomal system. The list of processes and conditions that depend on the intracellular membrane traffic includes aging, antigen and lipid processing, growth factor signaling and enzyme secretion. Characterization of the ion channels that regulate intracellular membrane fusion and fission promises novel pharmacological approaches in these processes when their function becomes aberrant. The recent identification of Ca ( 2+) permeability through the intracellular ion channels comprising the mucolipin (TRPMLs) and the two-pore channels (TPCs) families pinpoints the candidates for the Ca ( 2+) channel that drive intracellular membrane traffic. The present review summarizes the recent developments and the current questions relevant to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill K Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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43
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Grimm C, Hassan S, Wahl-Schott C, Biel M. Role of TRPML and two-pore channels in endolysosomal cation homeostasis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:236-44. [PMID: 22518024 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.192880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3 (also called mucolipins 1-3 or MCOLN1-3) are nonselective cation channels. Mutations in the Trpml1 gene cause mucolipidosis type IV in humans with clinical features including psychomotor retardation, corneal clouding, and retinal degeneration, whereas mutations in the Trpml3 gene cause deafness, circling behavior, and coat color dilution in mice. No disease-causing mutations are reported for the Trpml2 gene. Like TRPML channels, which are expressed in the endolysosomal pathway, two-pore channels (TPCs), namely TPC1, TPC2, and TPC3, are found in intracellular organelles, in particular in endosomes and lysosomes. Both TRPML channels and TPCs may function as calcium/cation release channels in endosomes, lysosomes, and lysosome-related organelles with TRPMLs being activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate and regulated by pH and TPCs being activated by nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate in a calcium- and pH-dependent manner. They may also be involved in endolysosomal transport and fusion processes, e.g., as intracellular calcium sources. Currently, however, the exact physiological roles of TRPML channels and TPCs remain quite elusive, and whether TRPML channels are purely endolysosomal ion channels or whether they may also be functionally active at the plasma membrane in vivo remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, 81377 Germany.
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Colletti GA, Miedel MT, Quinn J, Andharia N, Weisz OA, Kiselyov K. Loss of lysosomal ion channel transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) leads to cathepsin B-dependent apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:8082-91. [PMID: 22262857 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.285536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the gene MCOLN1, which codes for the transient receptor potential family ion channel TRPML1. MLIV has an early onset and is characterized by developmental delays, motor and cognitive deficiencies, gastric abnormalities, retinal degeneration, and corneal cloudiness. The degenerative aspects of MLIV have been attributed to cell death, whose mechanisms remain to be delineated in MLIV and in most other storage diseases. Here we report that an acute siRNA-mediated loss of TRPML1 specifically causes a leak of lysosomal protease cathepsin B (CatB) into the cytoplasm. CatB leak is associated with apoptosis, which can be prevented by CatB inhibition. Inhibition of the proapoptotic protein Bax prevents TRPML1 KD-mediated apoptosis but does not prevent cytosolic release of CatB. This is the first evidence of a mechanistic link between acute TRPML1 loss and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Colletti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Wakabayashi K, Gustafson AM, Sidransky E, Goldin E. Mucolipidosis type IV: an update. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:206-13. [PMID: 21763169 PMCID: PMC3205274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a neurodevelopmental as well as neurodegenerative disorder with severe psychomotor developmental delay, progressive visual impairment, and achlorydria. It is characterized by the presence of lysosomal inclusions in many cell types in patients. MLIV is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in MCOLN1, which encodes for mucolipin-1, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel family. Although approximately 70-80% of patients identified are Ashkenazi Jewish, MLIV is a pan-ethnic disorder. Importantly, while MLIV is thought to be a rare disease, its frequency may be greater than currently appreciated, for its common presentation as a cerebral palsy-like encephalopathy can lead to misdiagnosis. Moreover, patients with milder variants are often not recognized as having MLIV. This review provides an update on the ethnic distribution, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, methods of diagnosis, molecular genetics, differential diagnosis, and treatment of patients with MLIV. An enhanced awareness of the manifestations of this disorder may help to elucidate the true frequency and range of symptoms associated with MLIV, providing insight into the pathogenesis of this multi-system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A213, 35 Convent Dr., MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708
| | - Ehud Goldin
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A213, 35 Convent Dr., MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review summarizes the past year's literature regarding the regulation of gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion, both basic science and clinical. RECENT FINDINGS Gastric acid secretion is an elaborate and dynamic process that is regulated by neural (efferent and afferent), hormonal (e.g. gastrin), and paracrine (e.g. histamine, ghrelin, somatostatin) pathways as well as mechanical (e.g. distension) and chemical (e.g. amino acids) stimuli. Secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) by parietal cells involves translocation of HK-ATPase-containing cytoplasmic tubulovesicles to the apical membrane with subsequent electroneutral transport of hydronium ions in exchange for potassium. The main apical potassium channel is KCNQ1 which, when activated, assembles with its β-subunit KCNE2 to function as a constitutively open, voltage-insensitive, and acid-resistant luminal potassium channel. Proton pump inhibitors block acid secretion by covalently binding to cysteine residues accessible from the luminal surface of the HK-ATPase. Potassium-competitive ATPase blockers (P-CABs) act by competing for K on the luminal surface of HK-ATPase. As they are acid-stable and do not require acid-dependent activation, P-CABs hold promise for rapid and prolonged inhibition of acid secretion. SUMMARY We continue to make progress in our understanding of the physiologic regulation of gastric acid secretion. A better understanding of the pathways and mechanisms regulating acid secretion should lead to improved management of patients with acid-induced disorders.
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Kiselyov K, Colletti GA, Terwilliger A, Ketchum K, Lyons CWP, Quinn J, Muallem S. TRPML: transporters of metals in lysosomes essential for cell survival? Cell Calcium 2011; 50:288-94. [PMID: 21621258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Key aspects of lysosomal function are affected by the ionic content of the lysosomal lumen and, therefore, by the ion permeability in the lysosomal membrane. Such functions include regulation of lysosomal acidification, a critical process in delivery and activation of the lysosomal enzymes, release of metals from lysosomes into the cytoplasm and the Ca(2+)-dependent component of membrane fusion events in the endocytic pathway. While the basic mechanisms of lysosomal acidification have been largely defined, the lysosomal metal transport system is not well understood. TRPML1 is a lysosomal ion channel whose malfunction is implicated in the lysosomal storage disease Mucolipidosis Type IV. Recent evidence suggests that TRPML1 is involved in Fe(2+), Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) transport across the lysosomal membrane, ascribing novel physiological roles to this ion channel, and perhaps to its relatives TRPML2 and TRPML3 and illuminating poorly understood aspects of lysosomal function. Further, alterations in metal transport by the TRPMLs due to mutations or environmental factors may contribute to their role in the disease phenotype and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Yamaguchi S, Jha A, Li Q, Soyombo AA, Dickinson GD, Churamani D, Brailoiu E, Patel S, Muallem S. Transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) and two-pore channels are functionally independent organellar ion channels. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22934-42. [PMID: 21540176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.210930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NAADP is a potent second messenger that mobilizes Ca(2+) from acidic organelles such as endosomes and lysosomes. The molecular basis for Ca(2+) release by NAADP, however, is uncertain. TRP mucolipins (TRPMLs) and two-pore channels (TPCs) are Ca(2+)-permeable ion channels present within the endolysosomal system. Both have been proposed as targets for NAADP. In the present study, we probed possible physical and functional association of these ion channels. Exogenously expressed TRPML1 showed near complete colocalization with TPC2 and partial colocalization with TPC1. TRPML3 overlap with TPC2 was more modest. TRPML1 and to some extent TRPML3 co-immunoprecipitated with TPC2 but less so with TPC1. Current recording, however, showed that TPC1 and TPC2 did not affect the activity of wild-type TRPML1 or constitutively active TRPML1(V432P). N-terminally truncated TPC2 (TPC2delN), which is targeted to the plasma membrane, also failed to affect TRPML1 and TRPML1(V432P) channel function or TRPML1(V432P)-mediated Ca(2+) influx. Whereas overexpression of TPCs enhanced NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signals, overexpression of TRPML1 did not, and the dominant negative TRPML1(D471K) was without affect on endogenous NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signals. Furthermore, the single channel properties of NAADP-activated TPC2delN were not affected by TRPML1. Finally, NAADP-evoked Ca(2+) oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells were identical in wild-type and TRPML1(-/-) cells. We conclude that although TRPML1 and TPCs are present in the same complex, they function as two independent organellar ion channels and that TPCs, not TRPMLs, are the targets for NAADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
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