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Wathieu C, Lavergne A, Xu X, Rolot M, Nemazanyy I, Shostak K, El Hachem N, Maurizy C, Leemans C, Close P, Nguyen L, Desmet C, Tielens S, Dewals BG, Chariot A. Loss of Elp3 blocks intestinal tuft cell differentiation via an mTORC1-Atf4 axis. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00184-4. [PMID: 39085648 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells are critical for anti-helminth parasite immunity because they produce IL-25, which triggers IL-13 secretion by activated group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) to expand both goblet and tuft cells. We show that epithelial Elp3, a tRNA-modifying enzyme, promotes tuft cell differentiation and is consequently critical for IL-25 production, ILC2 activation, goblet cell expansion and control of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis helminth infection in mice. Elp3 is essential for the generation of intestinal immature tuft cells and for the IL-13-dependent induction of glycolytic enzymes such as Hexokinase 1 and Aldolase A. Importantly, loss of epithelial Elp3 in the intestine blocks the codon-dependent translation of the Gator1 subunit Nprl2, an mTORC1 inhibitor, which consequently enhances mTORC1 activation and stabilizes Atf4 in progenitor cells. Likewise, Atf4 overexpression in mouse intestinal epithelium blocks tuft cell differentiation in response to intestinal helminth infection. Collectively, our data define Atf4 as a negative regulator of tuft cells and provide insights into promotion of intestinal type 2 immune response to parasites through tRNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wathieu
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Xinyi Xu
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marion Rolot
- Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Platform for Metabolic Analyses, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633, Paris, France
| | - Kateryna Shostak
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Najla El Hachem
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Chloé Maurizy
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Leemans
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Close
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Christophe Desmet
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Liege, Liege, GIGA-I3, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Tielens
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Benjamin G Dewals
- Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alain Chariot
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
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Zagoren E, Dias N, Smith ZD, Ameen NA, Sumigray K. A second wave of Notch signaling diversifies the intestinal secretory lineage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.15.603542. [PMID: 39071399 PMCID: PMC11275776 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.15.603542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The small intestine is well known for the function of its nutrient-absorbing enterocytes; yet equally critical for the maintenance of homeostasis is a diverse set of secretory cells, all of which are presumed to differentiate from the same intestinal stem cell. Despite major roles in intestinal function and health, understanding how the full spectrum of secretory cell types arises remains a longstanding challenge, largely due to their comparative rarity. Here, we investigate the fate specification of a rare and distinct population of small intestinal epithelial cells found in rats and humans but not mice: C FTR Hi gh E xpressers (CHEs). We use pseudotime trajectory analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data from rat intestinal jejunum to provide evidence that CHEs are specified along the secretory lineage and appear to employ a second wave of Notch-based signal transduction to distinguish these cells from other secretory cell types. We further validate the general order of transcription factors that direct these cells from unspecified progenitors within the crypt and experimentally demonstrate that Notch signaling is necessary to induce CHE fate both in vivo and in vitro . Our results suggest a model in which Notch is reactivated along the secretory lineage to specify the CHE population: a rare secretory cell type with putative functions in localized coordination of luminal pH and direct relevance to cystic fibrosis pathophysiology.
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Baldan J, Camacho-Roda J, Ballester M, Høj K, Kurilla A, Maurer HC, Arcila-Barrera S, Lin X, Pan Z, Castro JL, Mayorca-Guiliani AE, Rift CV, Hasselby J, Bouwens L, Lefebvre V, David CJ, Parnas O, DelGiorno KE, Erler JT, Rooman I, Arnes L. Resolution of Acinar Dedifferentiation Regulates Tissue Remodeling in Pancreatic Injury and Cancer Initiation. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)04911-4. [PMID: 38729450 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) is crucial in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, our understanding of the induction and resolution of ADM remains limited. We conducted comparative transcriptome analyses to identify conserved mechanisms of ADM in mouse and human. METHODS We identified Sox4 among the top up-regulated genes. We validated the analysis by RNA in situ hybridization. We performed experiments in mice with acinar-specific deletion of Sox4 (Ptf1a: CreER; Rosa26-LSL-YFPLSL-YFP; Sox4fl/fl) with and without an activating mutation in Kras (KrasLSL-G12D/+). Mice were given caerulein to induce pancreatitis. We performed phenotypic analysis by immunohistochemistry, tissue decellularization, and single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS We demonstrated that Sox4 is reactivated in ADM and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias. Contrary to findings in other tissues, Sox4 actually counteracts cellular dedifferentiation and helps maintain tissue homeostasis. Moreover, our investigations unveiled the indispensable role of Sox4 in the specification of mucin-producing cells and tuft-like cells from acinar cells. We identified Sox4-dependent non-cell-autonomous mechanisms regulating the stromal reaction during disease progression. Notably, Sox4-inferred targets are activated upon KRAS inactivation and tumor regression. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that our transcriptome analysis can be used to investigate conserved mechanisms of tissue injury. We demonstrate that Sox4 restrains acinar dedifferentiation and is necessary for the specification of acinar-derived metaplastic cells in pancreatic injury and cancer initiation and is activated upon Kras ablation and tumor regression in mice. By uncovering novel potential strategies to promote tissue homeostasis, our findings offer new avenues for preventing the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baldan
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Juan Camacho-Roda
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Ballester
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Høj
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Kurilla
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Arcila-Barrera
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China; Peking University-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolong Pan
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joana Leitão Castro
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Charlotte Vestrup Rift
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane Hasselby
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luc Bouwens
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery/Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles J David
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China; Peking University-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Oren Parnas
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Janine Terra Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilse Rooman
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luis Arnes
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Zhu G, Lahori D, Schug J, Kaestner KH. Villification of the intestinal epithelium is driven by Foxl1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582300. [PMID: 38464137 PMCID: PMC10925215 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The primitive gut tube of mammals initially forms as a simple cylinder consisting of the endoderm-derived, pseudostratified epithelium and the mesoderm-derived surrounding mesenchyme. During mid-gestation a dramatic transformation occurs in which the epithelium is both restructured into its final cuboidal form and simultaneously folded and refolded to create intestinal villi and intervillus regions, the incipient crypts. Here we show that the mesenchymal winged helix transcription factor Foxl1, itself induced by epithelial hedgehog signaling, controls villification by activating BMP and PDGFRα as well as planar cell polarity genes in epithelial-adjacent telocyte progenitors, both directly and in a feed-forward loop with Foxo3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Liver and Digestive Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-126 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA
| | - Deeksha Lahori
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Liver and Digestive Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-126 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Liver and Digestive Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-126 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Liver and Digestive Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-126 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA
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5
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Eshleman EM, Rice T, Potter C, Waddell A, Hashimoto-Hill S, Woo V, Field S, Engleman L, Lim HW, Schumacher MA, Frey MR, Denson LA, Finkelman FD, Alenghat T. Microbiota-derived butyrate restricts tuft cell differentiation via histone deacetylase 3 to modulate intestinal type 2 immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:319-332.e6. [PMID: 38295798 PMCID: PMC10901458 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Tuft cells in mucosal tissues are key regulators of type 2 immunity. Here, we examined the impact of the microbiota on tuft cell biology in the intestine. Succinate induction of tuft cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells was elevated with loss of gut microbiota. Colonization with butyrate-producing bacteria or treatment with butyrate suppressed this effect and reduced intestinal histone deacetylase activity. Epithelial-intrinsic deletion of the epigenetic-modifying enzyme histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibited tuft cell expansion in vivo and impaired type 2 immune responses during helminth infection. Butyrate restricted stem cell differentiation into tuft cells, and inhibition of HDAC3 in adult mice and human intestinal organoids blocked tuft cell expansion. Collectively, these data define a HDAC3 mechanism in stem cells for tuft cell differentiation that is dampened by a commensal metabolite, revealing a pathway whereby the microbiota calibrate intestinal type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Taylor Rice
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Crystal Potter
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Waddell
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Seika Hashimoto-Hill
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sydney Field
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura Engleman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Schumacher
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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6
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Silverman JB, Vega PN, Tyska MJ, Lau KS. Intestinal Tuft Cells: Morphology, Function, and Implications for Human Health. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:479-504. [PMID: 37863104 PMCID: PMC11193883 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Tuft cells are a rare and morphologically distinct chemosensory cell type found throughout many organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. These cells were identified by their unique morphologies distinguished by large apical protrusions. Ultrastructural data have begun to describe the molecular underpinnings of their cytoskeletal features, and tuft cell-enriched cytoskeletal proteins have been identified, although the connection of tuft cell morphology to tuft cell functionality has not yet been established. Furthermore, tuft cells display variations in function and identity between and within tissues, leading to the delineation of distinct tuft cell populations. As a chemosensory cell type, they display receptors that are responsive to ligands specific for their environment. While many studies have demonstrated the tuft cell response to protists and helminths in the intestine, recent research has highlighted other roles of tuft cells as well as implicated tuft cells in other disease processes including inflammation, cancer, and viral infections. Here, we review the literature on the cytoskeletal structure of tuft cells. Additionally, we focus on new research discussing tuft cell lineage, ligand-receptor interactions, tuft cell tropism, and the role of tuft cells in intestinal disease. Finally, we discuss the implication of tuft cell-targeted therapies in human health and how the morphology of tuft cells may contribute to their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Silverman
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
| | - Paige N Vega
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
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7
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Bannier-Hélaouët M, Korving J, Ma Z, Begthel H, Giladi A, Lamers MM, van de Wetering WJ, Yawata N, Yawata M, LaPointe VLS, Dickman MM, Kalmann R, Imhoff SM, van Es JH, López-Iglesias C, Peters PJ, Haagmans BL, Wu W, Clevers H. Human conjunctiva organoids to study ocular surface homeostasis and disease. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:227-243.e12. [PMID: 38215738 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The conjunctival epithelium covering the eye contains two main cell types: mucus-producing goblet cells and water-secreting keratinocytes, which present mucins on their apical surface. Here, we describe long-term expanding organoids and air-liquid interface representing mouse and human conjunctiva. A single-cell RNA expression atlas of primary and cultured human conjunctiva reveals that keratinocytes express multiple antimicrobial peptides and identifies conjunctival tuft cells. IL-4/-13 exposure increases goblet and tuft cell differentiation and drastically modifies the conjunctiva secretome. Human NGFR+ basal cells are identified as bipotent conjunctiva stem cells. Conjunctival cultures can be infected by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), human adenovirus 8 (hAdV8), and SARS-CoV-2. HSV1 infection was reversed by acyclovir addition, whereas hAdV8 infection, which lacks an approved drug therapy, was inhibited by cidofovir. We document transcriptional programs induced by HSV1 and hAdV8. Finally, conjunctival organoids can be transplanted. Together, human conjunctiva organoid cultures enable the study of conjunctival (patho)-physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bannier-Hélaouët
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ziliang Ma
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), and Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amir Giladi
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willine J van de Wetering
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nobuyo Yawata
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Yawata
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mor M Dickman
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands; University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Kalmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Imhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), and Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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8
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Cunningham KT, Mills KHG. Modulation of haematopoiesis by protozoal and helminth parasites. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12975. [PMID: 36797216 PMCID: PMC10909493 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
During inflammation, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) and periphery rapidly expand and preferentially differentiate into myeloid cells that mediate innate immune responses. HSCs can be directed into quiescence or differentiation by sensing alterations to the haematopoietic niche, including cytokines, chemokines, and pathogen-derived products. Most studies attempting to identify the mechanisms of haematopoiesis have focused on bacterial and viral infections. From intracellular protozoan infections to large multicellular worms, parasites are a global health burden and represent major immunological challenges that remain poorly defined in the context of haematopoiesis. Immune responses to parasites vary drastically, and parasites have developed sophisticated immunomodulatory mechanisms that allow development of chronic infections. Recent advances in imaging, genomic sequencing, and mouse models have shed new light on how parasites induce unique forms of emergency haematopoiesis. In addition, parasites can modify the haematopoiesis in the BM and periphery to improve their survival in the host. Parasites can also induce long-lasting modifications to HSCs, altering future immune responses to infection, inflammation or transplantation, a term sometimes referred to as central trained immunity. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of parasite-induced haematopoiesis and how parasites target this process to promote chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Cunningham
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection and Immunity, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Kingston H. G. Mills
- Immune Regulation Research GroupTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
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9
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Alhasan MA, Tomokiyo A, Hamano S, Sugii H, Ono T, Ipposhi K, Yamashita K, Mardini B, Minowa F, Maeda H. Hyaluronic Acid Induction Promotes the Differentiation of Human Neural Crest-like Cells into Periodontal Ligament Stem-like Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2743. [PMID: 38067170 PMCID: PMC10705959 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) stem-like cells (PDLSCs) are promising for regeneration of the periodontium because they demonstrate multipotency, high proliferative capacity, and the potential to regenerate bone, cementum, and PDL tissue. However, the transplantation of autologous PDLSCs is restricted by limited availability. Since PDLSCs are derived from neural crest cells (NCs) and NCs persist in adult PDL tissue, we devised to promote the regeneration of the periodontium by activating NCs to differentiate into PDLSCs. SK-N-SH cells, a neuroblastoma cell line that reportedly has NC-like features, seeded on the extracellular matrix of PDL cells for 2 weeks, resulted in the significant upregulation of PDL marker expression. SK-N-SH cell-derived PDLSCs (SK-PDLSCs) presented phenotypic characteristics comparable to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived PDLSCs (iPDLSCs). The expression levels of various hyaluronic acid (HA)-related genes were upregulated in iPDLSCs and SK-PDLSCs compared with iPSC-derived NCs and SK-N-SH cells, respectively. The knockdown of CD44 in SK-N-SH cells significantly inhibited their ability to differentiate into SK-PDLSCs, while low-molecular HA (LMWHA) induction enhanced SK-PDLSC differentiation. Our findings suggest that SK-N-SH cells could be applied as a new model to induce the differentiation of NCs into PDLSCs and that the LMWHA-CD44 relationship is important for the differentiation of NCs into PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Anas Alhasan
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Sayuri Hamano
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugii
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Taiga Ono
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Keita Ipposhi
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Kozue Yamashita
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Bara Mardini
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Fumiko Minowa
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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10
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Tsubosaka A, Komura D, Kakiuchi M, Katoh H, Onoyama T, Yamamoto A, Abe H, Seto Y, Ushiku T, Ishikawa S. Stomach encyclopedia: Combined single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal cell diversity and homeostatic regulation of human stomach. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113236. [PMID: 37819756 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach is an important digestive organ with various biological functions. However, because of the complexity of its cellular and glandular composition, its precise cellular biology has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and subcellular-level spatial transcriptomics analysis of the human stomach and constructed the largest dataset to date: a stomach encyclopedia. This dataset consists of approximately 380,000 cells from scRNA-seq and the spatial transcriptome, enabling integrated analyses of transcriptional and spatial information of gastric and metaplastic cells. This analysis identified LEFTY1 as an uncharacterized stem cell marker, which was confirmed through lineage tracing analysis. A wide variety of cell-cell interactions between epithelial and stromal cells, including PDGFRA+BMP4+WNT5A+ fibroblasts, was highlighted in the developmental switch of intestinal metaplasia. Our extensive dataset will function as a fundamental resource in investigations of the stomach, including studies of development, aging, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Tsubosaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwako Kakiuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Onoyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Tottori, Japan
| | - Asami Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Dpartment of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-kyu 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Dpartment of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan.
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11
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Lin L, DeMartino J, Wang D, van Son GJF, van der Linden R, Begthel H, Korving J, Andersson-Rolf A, van den Brink S, Lopez-Iglesias C, van de Wetering WJ, Balwierz A, Margaritis T, van de Wetering M, Peters PJ, Drost J, van Es JH, Clevers H. Unbiased transcription factor CRISPR screen identifies ZNF800 as master repressor of enteroendocrine differentiation. Science 2023; 382:451-458. [PMID: 37883554 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are hormone-producing cells residing in the epithelium of stomach, small intestine (SI), and colon. EECs regulate aspects of metabolic activity, including insulin levels, satiety, gastrointestinal secretion, and motility. The generation of different EEC lineages is not completely understood. In this work, we report a CRISPR knockout screen of the entire repertoire of transcription factors (TFs) in adult human SI organoids to identify dominant TFs controlling EEC differentiation. We discovered ZNF800 as a master repressor for endocrine lineage commitment, which particularly restricts enterochromaffin cell differentiation by directly controlling an endocrine TF network centered on PAX4. Thus, organoid models allow unbiased functional CRISPR screens for genes that program cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeff DeMartino
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daisong Wang
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gijs J F van Son
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Reinier van der Linden
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Andersson-Rolf
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stieneke van den Brink
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carmen Lopez-Iglesias
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Willine J van de Wetering
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marc van de Wetering
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Campillo Poveda M, Britton C, Devaney E, McNeilly TN, Gerbe F, Jay P, Maizels RM. Tuft Cells: Detectors, Amplifiers, Effectors and Targets in Parasite Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2477. [PMID: 37887321 PMCID: PMC10605326 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells have recently emerged as the focus of intense interest following the discovery of their chemosensory role in the intestinal tract, and their ability to activate Type 2 immune responses to helminth parasites. Moreover, they populate a wide range of mucosal tissues and are intimately connected to immune and neuronal cells, either directly or through the release of pharmacologically active mediators. They are now recognised to fulfil both homeostatic roles, in metabolism and tissue integrity, as well as acting as the first sensors of parasite infection, immunity to which is lost in their absence. In this review we focus primarily on the importance of tuft cells in the intestinal niche, but also link to their more generalised physiological role and discuss their potential as targets for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Campillo Poveda
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
| | - Collette Britton
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.B.); (E.D.)
| | - Eileen Devaney
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.B.); (E.D.)
| | - Tom N. McNeilly
- Disease Control Department, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - François Gerbe
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Philippe Jay
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
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13
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Kolev HM, Kaestner KH. Mammalian Intestinal Development and Differentiation-The State of the Art. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:809-821. [PMID: 37507088 PMCID: PMC10520362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of the mammalian intestine, from its earliest origins as a morphologically uniform sheet of endoderm cells during gastrulation into the complex organ system that is essential for the life of the organism, is a truly fascinating process. During midgestation development, reciprocal interactions between endoderm-derived epithelium and mesoderm-derived mesenchyme enable villification, or the conversion of a radially symmetric pseudostratified epithelium into the functional subdivision of crypts and villi. Once a mature crypt-villus axis is established, proliferation and differentiation of new epithelial cells continue throughout life. Spatially localized signals including the wingless and Int-1, fibroblast growth factor, and Hippo systems, among others, ensure that new cells are being born continuously in the crypt. As cells exit the crypt compartment, a gradient of bone morphogenetic protein signaling limits proliferation to allow for the specification of multiple mature cell types. The first major differentiation decision is dependent on Notch signaling, which specifies epithelial cells into absorptive and secretory lineages. The secretory lineage is subdivided further into Paneth, goblet, tuft, and enteroendocrine cells via a complex network of transcription factors. Although some of the signaling molecules are produced by epithelial cells, critical components are derived from specialized crypt-adjacent mesenchymal cells termed telocytes, which are marked by Forkhead box l1, GLI Family Zinc Finger 1, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α. The crucial nature of these processes is evidenced by the multitude of intestinal disorders such as colorectal cancer, short-bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease, which all reflect perturbations of the development and/or differentiation of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Kolev
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Digestive and Liver Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Digestive and Liver Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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14
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Nakano H, Hata A, Ishimura U, Kosugi R, Miyamoto E, Nakamura K, Muramatsu T, Ogasawara M, Yamada M, Umemura M, Takahashi S, Takahashi Y. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) controls intestinal tuft and goblet cell expansion upon succinate-induced type 2 immune responses in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03781-7. [PMID: 37256362 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells, a chemosensory cell type in mucosal epithelia that secrete interleukin (IL)-25, play a pivotal role in type 2 immune responses triggered by parasitic infections. Tuft cell-derived IL-25 activates type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to secrete IL-13, which, in turn, acts on intestinal stem or transient amplifying cells to expand tuft cells themselves and mucus-secreting goblet cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of tuft cell differentiation under type 2 immune responses remain unclear. The present study investigated the effects of the deletion of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) on the type 2 immune response triggered by succinate (a metabolite of parasites) in mice. ATF5 mRNAs were expressed in the small intestine, and the loss of the ATF5 gene did not affect the gross morphology of the tissue or the basal differentiation of epithelial cell subtypes. Succinate induced marked increases in tuft and goblet cell numbers in the ATF5-deficient ileum. Tuft cells in the ATF5-deficient ileum are assumed to be a subtype of intestinal tuft cells (Tuft-2 cells) marked by the transcription factor Spib. Exogenous IL-25 induced similar increases in tuft and goblet cell numbers in wild-type and ATF5-deficient ilea. IL-13 at a submaximal dose enhanced tuft cell differentiation more in ATF5-deficient than in wild-type intestinal organoids. These results indicate that the loss of ATF5 enhanced the tuft cell-ILC2 type 2 immune response circuit by promoting tuft cell differentiation in the small intestine, suggesting its novel regulatory role in immune responses against parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Nakano
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Ayano Hata
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Usato Ishimura
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ryo Kosugi
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Eina Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kota Nakamura
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takumi Muramatsu
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Moe Ogasawara
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yamada
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mariko Umemura
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shigeru Takahashi
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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15
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Nadjsombati MS, Niepoth N, Webeck LM, Kennedy EA, Jones DL, Billipp TE, Baldridge MT, Bendesky A, von Moltke J. Genetic mapping reveals Pou2af2/OCA-T1-dependent tuning of tuft cell differentiation and intestinal type 2 immunity. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade5019. [PMID: 37172102 PMCID: PMC10308849 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade5019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensory epithelial tuft cells contribute to innate immunity at barrier surfaces, but their differentiation from epithelial progenitors is not well understood. Here, we exploited differences between inbred mouse strains to identify an epithelium-intrinsic mechanism that regulates tuft cell differentiation and tunes innate type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Balb/cJ (Balb) mice had fewer intestinal tuft cells than C57BL/6J (B6) mice and failed to respond to the tuft cell ligand succinate. Most of this differential succinate response was determined by the 50- to 67-Mb interval of chromosome 9 (Chr9), such that congenic Balb mice carrying the B6 Chr9 interval had elevated baseline numbers of tuft cells and responded to succinate. The Chr9 locus includes Pou2af2, which encodes the protein OCA-T1, a transcriptional cofactor essential for tuft cell development. Epithelial crypts expressed a previously unannotated short isoform of Pou2af2 predicted to use a distinct transcriptional start site and encode a nonfunctional protein. Low tuft cell numbers and the resulting lack of succinate response in Balb mice were explained by a preferential expression of the short isoform and could be rescued by expression of full-length Pou2af2. Physiologically, Pou2af2 isoform usage tuned innate type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Balb mice maintained responsiveness to helminth pathogens while ignoring commensal Tritrichomonas protists and reducing norovirus burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija S Nadjsombati
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Natalie Niepoth
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, NY, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Lily M Webeck
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle L Jones
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tyler E Billipp
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andres Bendesky
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, NY, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Huebner AJ, Gorelov RA, Deviatiiarov R, Demharter S, Kull T, Walsh RM, Taylor MS, Steiger S, Mullen JT, Kharchenko PV, Hochedlinger K. Dissection of gastric homeostasis in vivo facilitates permanent capture of isthmus-like stem cells in vitro. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:390-403. [PMID: 36717627 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The glandular stomach is composed of two regenerative compartments termed corpus and antrum, and our understanding of the transcriptional networks that maintain these tissues is incomplete. Here we show that cell types with equivalent functional roles in the corpus and antrum share similar transcriptional states including the poorly characterized stem cells of the isthmus region. To further study the isthmus, we developed a monolayer two-dimensional (2D) culture system that is continually maintained by Wnt-responsive isthmus-like cells capable of differentiating into several gastric cell types. Importantly, 2D cultures can be converted into conventional three-dimensional organoids, modelling the plasticity of gastric epithelial cells in vivo. Finally, we utilized the 2D culture system to show that Sox2 is both necessary and sufficient to generate enterochromaffin cells. Together, our data provide important insights into gastric homeostasis, establish a tractable culture system to capture isthmus cells and uncover a role for Sox2 in enterochromaffin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Huebner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gorelov
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Feberal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Samuel Demharter
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Kull
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Walsh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marty S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Steiger
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John T Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- San Diego Institute, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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17
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Kotas ME, O'Leary CE, Locksley RM. Tuft Cells: Context- and Tissue-Specific Programming for a Conserved Cell Lineage. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:311-335. [PMID: 36351364 PMCID: PMC10443898 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuft cells are found in tissues with distinct stem cell compartments, tissue architecture, and luminal exposures but converge on a shared transcriptional program, including expression of taste transduction signaling pathways. Here, we summarize seminal and recent findings on tuft cells, focusing on major categories of function-instigation of type 2 cytokine responses, orchestration of antimicrobial responses, and emerging roles in tissue repair-and describe tuft cell-derived molecules used to affect these functional programs. We review what is known about the development of tuft cells from epithelial progenitors under homeostatic conditions and during disease. Finally, we discuss evidence that immature, or nascent, tuft cells with potential for diverse functions are driven toward dominant effector programs by tissue- or perturbation-specific contextual cues, which may result in heterogeneous mature tuft cell phenotypes both within and between tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya E Kotas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Claire E O'Leary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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18
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Du Y, Gao H, He C, Xin S, Wang B, Zhang S, Gong F, Yu X, Pan L, Sun F, Wang W, Xu J. An update on the biological characteristics and functions of tuft cells in the gut. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1102978. [PMID: 36704202 PMCID: PMC9872863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a powerful digestive system and one of the most sophisticated immunological organs. Evidence shows that tuft cells (TCs), a kind of epithelial cell with distinct morphological characteristics, play a significant role in various physiological processes. TCs can be broadly categorized into different subtypes depending on different molecular criteria. In this review, we discuss its biological properties and role in maintaining homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. We also emphasize its relevance to the immune system and highlight its powerful influence on intestinal diseases, including inflammations and tumors. In addition, we provide fresh insights into future clinical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies related to TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengrong Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luming Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanglin Sun
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingdong Xu,
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19
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Qiu Y, Phanor SK, Pyo S, Cheng CW. Modeling Notch Activity and Lineage Decisions Using Intestinal Organoids. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:123-132. [PMID: 37310628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organoid cultures have been developed to model intestinal stem cell (ISC) function in self-renewal and differentiation. Upon differentiation, the first fate decision for ISC and early progenitors to make is between secretory (Paneth cell, goblet cell, enteroendocrine cell, or tuft cell) and absorptive (enterocyte and M cell) lineages. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, in vivo studies in the past decade have revealed that Notch signaling functions as a binary switch for the secretory vs. absorptive lineage decision in adult intestine. Recent breakthroughs in organoid-based assays enable real-time observation of smaller-scale and higher-throughput experiments in vitro, which have begun contributing to new understandings of mechanistic principles underlying intestinal differentiation. In this chapter, we summarize the in vivo and in vitro tools for modulating Notch signaling and assess its impact on intestinal cell fate. We also provide example protocols of how to use intestinal organoids as functional assays to study Notch activity in intestinal lineage decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Qiu
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina K Phanor
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Subin Pyo
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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20
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Li L, Ma M, Duan T, Sui X. The critical roles and therapeutic implications of tuft cells in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1047188. [PMID: 36569325 PMCID: PMC9780677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1047188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells are solitary chemosensory epithelial cells with microvilli at the top, which are found in hollow organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and lungs. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed the chemotactic abilities and immune function of the tuft cells, and numerous efforts have been devoted to uncovering the role of tuft cells in tumors. Notably, accumulating evidence has shown that the specific genes (POU2F3, DCLK1) expressed in tuft cells are involved in vital processes related with carcinogenesis and cancer development. However, the interaction between the tuft cells and cancer remains to be further elucidated. Here, based on an introduction of biological functions and specific markers of the tuft cells, we have summarized the functional roles and potential therapeutic implications of tuft cells in cancers, including pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, and liver cancer, which is in the hope of inspiring the future research in validating tuft cells as novel strategies for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ting Duan, ; Xinbing Sui,
| | - Xinbing Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ting Duan, ; Xinbing Sui,
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21
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Upregulation of Glutaminyl Cyclase Contributes to ERS-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4154697. [PMID: 36479306 PMCID: PMC9722295 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4154697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) is responsible for converting the N-terminal glutaminyl and glutamyl of the proteins into pyroglutamate (pE) through cyclization. It has been confirmed that QC catalyzes the formation of neurotoxic pE-modified Aβ in the brain of AD patients. But the effects of upregulated QC in diverse diseases have not been much clear until recently. Here, RNA sequencing was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PC12 cells with QC overexpressing or knockdown. A total of 697 DEGs were identified in QC overexpressing cells while only 77 in QC knockdown cells. Multiple bioinformatic approaches revealed that the DEGs in QC overexpressing group were enriched in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related signaling pathways. The gene expression patterns of 23 DEGs were confirmed by RT-qPCR, in which the genes related to ERS showed the highest consistency. We also revealed the protein levels of GRP78, PERK, CHOP, and PARP-1, and caspase family was significantly upregulated by overexpressing QC. Moreover, overexpressing QC significantly increased apoptosis of PC12 cells in a time dependent manner. However, no significant alteration was observed in QC knockdown cells. Therefore, our study indicated that upregulated QC could induce ERS and apoptosis, which consequently trigger diseases by catalyzing the generation of pE-modified mediators.
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22
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Long T, Abbasi N, Hernandez JE, Li Y, Sayed IM, Ma S, Iemolo A, Yee BA, Yeo GW, Telese F, Ghosh P, Das S, Huang WJM. RNA binding protein DDX5 directs tuft cell specification and function to regulate microbial repertoire and disease susceptibility in the intestine. Gut 2022; 71:1790-1802. [PMID: 34853057 PMCID: PMC9156727 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuft cells residing in the intestinal epithelium have diverse functions. In the small intestine, they provide protection against inflammation, combat against helminth and protist infections, and serve as entry portals for enteroviruses. In the colon, they had been implicated in tumourigenesis. Commitment of intestinal progenitor cells to the tuft cell lineage requires Rho GTPase Cell Division Cycle 42 (CDC42), a Rho GTPase that acts downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor and wingless-related integration site signalling cascades, and the master transcription factor POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3). This study investigates how this pathway is regulated by the DEAD box containing RNA binding protein DDX5 in vivo. DESIGN We assessed the role of DDX5 in tuft cell specification and function in control and epithelial cell-specific Ddx5 knockout mice (DDX5ΔIEC) using transcriptomic approaches. RESULTS DDX5ΔIEC mice harboured a loss of intestinal tuft cell populations, modified microbial repertoire, and altered susceptibilities to ileal inflammation and colonic tumourigenesis. Mechanistically, DDX5 promotes CDC42 protein synthesis through a post-transcriptional mechanism to license tuft cell specification. Importantly, the DDX5-CDC42 axis is parallel but distinct from the known interleukin-13 circuit implicated in tuft cell hyperplasia, and both pathways augment Pou2f3 expression in secretory lineage progenitors. In mature tuft cells, DDX5 not only promotes integrin signalling and microbial responses, it also represses gene programmes involved in membrane transport and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION RNA binding protein DDX5 directs tuft cell specification and function to regulate microbial repertoire and disease susceptibility in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Long
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nazia Abbasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Juan E Hernandez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shengyun Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Attilio Iemolo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian A Yee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wendy Jia Men Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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23
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Ki SY, Jeong YT. Taste Receptors beyond Taste Buds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179677. [PMID: 36077074 PMCID: PMC9455917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste receptors are responsible for detecting their ligands not only in taste receptor cells (TRCs) but also in non-gustatory organs. For several decades, many research groups have accumulated evidence for such “ectopic” expression of taste receptors. More recently, some of the physiologic functions (apart from taste) of these ectopic taste receptors have been identified. Here, we summarize our current understanding of these ectopic taste receptors across multiple organs. With a particular focus on the specialized epithelial cells called tuft cells, which are now considered siblings of type II TRCs, we divide the ectopic expression of taste receptors into two categories: taste receptors in TRC-like cells outside taste buds and taste receptors with surprising ectopic expression in completely different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Young Ki
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yong Taek Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2286-1295
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24
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New insights into tuft cell formation: Implications for structure–function relationships. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 76:102082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Lindholm HT, Parmar N, Drurey C, Poveda MC, Vornewald P, Ostrop J, Díez-Sanchez A, Maizels RM, Oudhoff MJ. BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13-driven tuft cell hyperplasia. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl6543. [PMID: 35559665 PMCID: PMC7614132 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a common site for various types of infections including viruses, bacteria, and helminths, each requiring specific modes of immune defense. The intestinal epithelium has a pivotal role in both immune initiation and effector stages, which are coordinated by lymphocyte cytokines such as IFNγ, IL-13, and IL-22. Here, we studied intestinal epithelial immune responses using organoid image analysis based on a convolutional neural network, transcriptomic analysis, and in vivo infection models. We found that IL-13 and IL-22 both induce genes associated with goblet cells, but the resulting goblet cell phenotypes are dichotomous. Moreover, only IL-13-driven goblet cells are associated with classical NOTCH signaling. We further showed that IL-13 induces the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, which acts in a negative feedback loop on immune type 2-driven tuft cell hyperplasia. This is associated with inhibiting Sox4 expression to putatively limit the tuft cell progenitor population. Blocking ALK2, a BMP receptor, with the inhibitor dorsomorphin homolog 1 (DMH1) interrupted the feedback loop, resulting in greater tuft cell numbers both in vitro and in vivo after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Together, this investigation of cytokine effector responses revealed an unexpected and critical role for the BMP pathway in regulating type 2 immunity, which can be exploited to tailor epithelial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard T. Lindholm
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,corresponding authors: and
| | - Naveen Parmar
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claire Drurey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Campillo Poveda
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Vornewald
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alberto Díez-Sanchez
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Menno J. Oudhoff
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,corresponding authors: and
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26
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Abstract
Although tuft cells were discovered over 60 years ago, their functions have long been enigmatic, especially in human health. Nonetheless, tuft cells have recently emerged as key orchestrators of the host response to diverse microbial infections in the gut and airway. While tuft cells are epithelial in origin, they exhibit functions akin to immune cells and mediate important interkingdom interactions between the host and helminths, protists, viruses, and bacteria. With broad intra- and intertissue heterogeneity, tuft cells sense and respond to microbes with exquisite specificity. Tuft cells can recognize helminth and protist infection, driving a type 2 immune response to promote parasite expulsion. Tuft cells also serve as the primary physiologic target of persistent murine norovirus (MNV) and promote immune evasion. Recently, tuft cells were also shown to be infected by rotavirus. Other viral infections, such as influenza A virus, can induce tuft cell–dependent tissue repair. In the context of coinfection, tuft cells promote neurotropic flavivirus replication by dampening antiviral adaptive immune responses. Commensal and pathogenic bacteria can regulate tuft cell abundance and function and, in turn, tuft cells are implicated in modulating bacterial infiltration and mucosal barrier integrity. However, the contribution of tuft cells to microbial sensing in humans and their resulting effector responses are poorly characterized. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of microbial activation of tuft cells with an emphasis on tuft cell heterogeneity and differences between mouse and human tuft cell biology as it pertains to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison S. Strine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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27
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Lin X, Gaudino SJ, Jang KK, Bahadur T, Singh A, Banerjee A, Beaupre M, Chu T, Wong HT, Kim CK, Kempen C, Axelrad J, Huang H, Khalid S, Shah V, Eskiocak O, Parks OB, Berisha A, McAleer JP, Good M, Hoshino M, Blumberg R, Bialkowska AB, Gaffen SL, Kolls JK, Yang VW, Beyaz S, Cadwell K, Kumar P. IL-17RA-signaling in Lgr5 + intestinal stem cells induces expression of transcription factor ATOH1 to promote secretory cell lineage commitment. Immunity 2022; 55:237-253.e8. [PMID: 35081371 PMCID: PMC8895883 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Th17 cell-lineage-defining cytokine IL-17A contributes to host defense and inflammatory disease by coordinating multicellular immune responses. The IL-17 receptor (IL-17RA) is expressed by diverse intestinal cell types, and therapies targeting IL-17A induce adverse intestinal events, suggesting additional tissue-specific functions. Here, we used multiple conditional deletion models to identify a role for IL-17A in secretory epithelial cell differentiation in the gut. Paneth, tuft, goblet, and enteroendocrine cell numbers were dependent on IL-17A-mediated induction of the transcription factor ATOH1 in Lgr5+ intestinal epithelial stem cells. Although dispensable at steady state, IL-17RA signaling in ATOH1+ cells was required to regenerate secretory cells following injury. Finally, IL-17A stimulation of human-derived intestinal organoids that were locked into a cystic immature state induced ATOH1 expression and rescued secretory cell differentiation. Our data suggest that the cross talk between immune cells and stem cells regulates secretory cell lineage commitment and the integrity of the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J Gaudino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kyung Ku Jang
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tej Bahadur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael Beaupre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hoi Tong Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Cody Kempen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Axelrad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Huakang Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Saba Khalid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Vyom Shah
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Onur Eskiocak
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Olivia B Parks
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Artan Berisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy P McAleer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Miko Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Richard Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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28
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Ma Z, Lytle NK, Chen B, Jyotsana N, Novak SW, Cho CJ, Caplan L, Ben-Levy O, Neininger AC, Burnette DT, Trinh VQ, Tan MCB, Patterson EA, Arrojo E Drigo R, Giraddi RR, Ramos C, Means AL, Matsumoto I, Manor U, Mills JC, Goldenring JR, Lau KS, Wahl GM, DelGiorno KE. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals a Conserved Metaplasia Program in Pancreatic Injury. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:604-620.e20. [PMID: 34695382 PMCID: PMC8792222 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM) occurs in the pancreas in response to tissue injury and is a potential precursor for adenocarcinoma. The goal of these studies was to define the populations arising from ADM, the associated transcriptional changes, and markers of disease progression. METHODS Acinar cells were lineage-traced with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) to follow their fate post-injury. Transcripts of more than 13,000 EYFP+ cells were determined using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Developmental trajectories were generated. Data were compared with gastric metaplasia, KrasG12D-induced neoplasia, and human pancreatitis. Results were confirmed by immunostaining and electron microscopy. KrasG12D was expressed in injury-induced ADM using several inducible Cre drivers. Surgical specimens of chronic pancreatitis from 15 patients were evaluated by immunostaining. RESULTS scRNA-seq of ADM revealed emergence of a mucin/ductal population resembling gastric pyloric metaplasia. Lineage trajectories suggest that some pyloric metaplasia cells can generate tuft and enteroendocrine cells (EECs). Comparison with KrasG12D-induced ADM identifies populations associated with disease progression. Activation of KrasG12D expression in HNF1B+ or POU2F3+ ADM populations leads to neoplastic transformation and formation of MUC5AC+ gastric-pit-like cells. Human pancreatitis samples also harbor pyloric metaplasia with a similar transcriptional phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Under conditions of chronic injury, acinar cells undergo a pyloric-type metaplasia to mucinous progenitor-like populations, which seed disparate tuft cell and EEC lineages. ADM-derived EEC subtypes are diverse. KrasG12D expression is sufficient to drive neoplasia when targeted to injury-induced ADM populations and offers an alternative origin for tumorigenesis. This program is conserved in human pancreatitis, providing insight into early events in pancreas diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Nikki K Lytle
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Bob Chen
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nidhi Jyotsana
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Charles J Cho
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leah Caplan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Olivia Ben-Levy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Abigail C Neininger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dylan T Burnette
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vincent Q Trinh
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marcus C B Tan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emilee A Patterson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rafael Arrojo E Drigo
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rajshekhar R Giraddi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Cynthia Ramos
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Anna L Means
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James R Goldenring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Kathleen E DelGiorno
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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29
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Zinina VV, Ruehle F, Winkler P, Rebmann L, Lukas H, Möckel S, Diefenbach A, Mendez‐Lago M, Soshnikova N. ID2 controls differentiation of enteroendocrine cells in mouse small intestine. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13773. [PMID: 34985199 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The mammalian gut is the largest endocrine organ. Dozens of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells regulate a variety of physiological functions of the gut but also of the pancreas and brain. Here, we examined the role of the helix-loop-helix transcription factor ID2 during the differentiation of intestinal stem cells along the enteroendocrine lineage. METHODS To assess the functions of ID2 in the adult mouse small intestine, we used single-cell RNA sequencing, genetically modified mice, and organoid assays. RESULTS We found that in the adult intestinal epithelium Id2 is predominantly expressed in enterochromaffin and peptidergic enteroendocrine cells. Consistently, the loss of Id2 leads to the reduction of Chromogranin A-positive enteroendocrine cells. In contrast, the numbers of tuft cells are increased in Id2 mutant small intestine. Moreover, ablation of Id2 elevates the numbers of Serotonin+ enterochromaffin cells and Ghrelin+ X-cells in the posterior part of the small intestine. Finally, ID2 acts downstream of BMP signalling during the differentiation of Glucagon-like peptide-1+ L-cells and Cholecystokinin+ I-cells towards Neurotensin+ PYY+ N-cells. CONCLUSION ID2 plays an important role in cell fate decisions in the adult small intestine. First, ID2 is essential for establishing a differentiation gradient for enterochromaffin and X-cells along the anterior-posterior axis of the gut. Next, ID2 is necessary for the differentiation of N-cells thus ensuring a differentiation gradient along the crypt-villi axis. Finally, ID2 suppresses the commitment of secretory intestinal epithelial progenitors towards tuft cell lineage and thus controls host immune response to commensal and parasitic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya V. Zinina
- Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Germany
| | - Frank Ruehle
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH Mainz Germany
| | - Patricia Winkler
- MSc Programme in Biomedicine Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Germany
| | - Lisa Rebmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Germany
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences Hochschule Furtwangen University Furtwangen Germany
| | - Hanna Lukas
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH Mainz Germany
| | | | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin Germany
| | | | - Natalia Soshnikova
- Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Germany
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30
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Single-cell sequencing of rotavirus-infected intestinal epithelium reveals cell-type specific epithelial repair and tuft cell infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112814118. [PMID: 34732579 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112814118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial damage is associated with most digestive diseases and results in detrimental effects on nutrient absorption and production of hormones and antimicrobial defense molecules. Thus, understanding epithelial repair and regeneration following damage is essential in developing therapeutics that assist in rapid healing and restoration of normal intestinal function. Here we used a well-characterized enteric virus (rotavirus) that damages the epithelium at the villus tip but does not directly damage the intestinal stem cell, to explore the regenerative transcriptional response of the intestinal epithelium at the single-cell level. We found that there are specific Lgr5 + cell subsets that exhibit increased cycling frequency associated with significant expansion of the epithelial crypt. This was accompanied by an increase in the number of immature enterocytes. Unexpectedly, we found rotavirus infects tuft cells. Transcriptional profiling indicates tuft cells respond to viral infection through interferon-related pathways. Together these data provide insights as to how the intestinal epithelium responds to insults by providing evidence of stimulation of a repair program driven by stem cells with involvement of tuft cells that results in the production of immature enterocytes that repair the damaged epithelium.
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31
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Roukens MG, Frederiks CL, Seinstra D, Braccioli L, Khalil AA, Pals C, De Neck S, Bornes L, Beerling E, Mokry M, de Bruin A, Westendorp B, van Rheenen J, Coffer PJ. Regulation of a progenitor gene program by SOX4 is essential for mammary tumor proliferation. Oncogene 2021; 40:6343-6353. [PMID: 34584219 PMCID: PMC8585668 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In breast cancer the transcription factor SOX4 has been shown to be associated with poor survival, increased tumor size and metastasis formation. This has mostly been attributed to the ability of SOX4 to regulate Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT). However, SOX4 regulates target gene transcription in a context-dependent manner that is determined by the cellular and epigenetic state. In this study we have investigated the loss of SOX4 in mammary tumor development utilizing organoids derived from a PyMT genetic mouse model of breast cancer. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to abrogate SOX4 expression, we found that SOX4 is required for inhibiting differentiation by regulating a subset of genes that are highly activated in fetal mammary stem cells (fMaSC). In this way, SOX4 re-activates an oncogenic transcriptional program that is regulated in many progenitor cell-types during embryonic development. SOX4-knockout organoids are characterized by the presence of more differentiated cells that exhibit luminal or basal gene expression patterns, but lower expression of cell cycle genes. In agreement, primary tumor growth and metastatic outgrowth in the lungs are impaired in SOX4KO tumors. Finally, SOX4KO tumors show a severe loss in competitive capacity to grow out compared to SOX4-proficient cells in primary tumors. Our study identifies a novel role for SOX4 in maintaining mammary tumors in an undifferentiated and proliferative state. Therapeutic manipulation of SOX4 function could provide a novel strategy for cancer differentiation therapy, which would promote differentiation and inhibit cycling of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guy Roukens
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cynthia L Frederiks
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Seinstra
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Braccioli
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine A Khalil
- Center for Molecular Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelieke Pals
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon De Neck
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bornes
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyne Beerling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Coffer
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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32
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Mino N, Muro R, Ota A, Nitta S, Lefebvre V, Nitta T, Fujio K, Takayanagi H. The Transcription Factor Sox4 is Required for Thymic Tuft Cell Development. Int Immunol 2021; 34:45-52. [PMID: 34687536 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) help shape the thymic microenvironment for T cell development by expressing a variety of peripheral tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs). The self-tolerance of T cells is established by negative selection of autoreactive T cells that bind to TRAs. To increase the diversity of TRAs, a fraction of mTECs terminally differentiate into distinct subsets resembling atypical types of epithelial cells in specific peripheral tissues. As such, thymic tuft cells that express peripheral tuft cell genes have recently emerged. Here we show that the transcription factor Sox4 is highly expressed in mTECs and is essential for the development of thymic tuft cells. Mice lacking Sox4 specifically in TECs had a significantly reduced number of thymic tuft cells with no effect on the differentiation of other mTEC subsets, including Aire + and Ccl21a + mTECs. Furthermore, Sox4 expression was diminished in mice deficient in TEC-specific lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR), indicating a role for the LTβR-Sox4 axis in the differentiation of thymic tuft cells. Given that Sox4 promotes differentiation of peripheral tuft cells, our findings suggest that mTECs employ the same transcriptional program as peripheral epithelial cells. This mechanism may explain how mTECs diversify peripheral antigen expression to project an immunological self within the thymic medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Mino
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Muro
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayami Ota
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nitta
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Veronique Lefebvre
- Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Rajeev S, Sosnowski O, Li S, Allain T, Buret AG, McKay DM. Enteric Tuft Cells in Host-Parasite Interactions. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091163. [PMID: 34578195 PMCID: PMC8467374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric tuft cells are chemosensory epithelial cells gaining attention in the field of host-parasite interactions. Expressing a repertoire of chemosensing receptors and mediators, these cells have the potential to detect lumen-dwelling helminth and protozoan parasites and coordinate epithelial, immune, and neuronal cell defenses against them. This review highlights the versatility of enteric tuft cells and sub-types thereof, showcasing nuances of tuft cell responses to different parasites, with a focus on helminths reflecting the current state of the field. The role of enteric tuft cells in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal viral infection is assessed in the context of concomitant infection with parasites. Finally, the review presents pertinent questions germane to understanding the enteric tuft cell and its role in enteric parasitic infections. There is much to be done to fully elucidate the response of this intriguing cell type to parasitic-infection and there is negligible data on the biology of the human enteric tuft cell—a glaring gap in knowledge that must be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Rajeev
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (S.R.); (S.L.)
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Olivia Sosnowski
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shuhua Li
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (S.R.); (S.L.)
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Thibault Allain
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - André G. Buret
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Derek M. McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (S.R.); (S.L.)
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-7362
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34
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Fazilaty H, Brügger MD, Valenta T, Szczerba BM, Berkova L, Doumpas N, Hausmann G, Scharl M, Basler K. Tracing colonic embryonic transcriptional profiles and their reactivation upon intestinal damage. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109484. [PMID: 34348153 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We lack a holistic understanding of the genetic programs orchestrating embryonic colon morphogenesis and governing damage response in the adult. A window into these programs is the transcriptomes of the epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations in the colon. Performing unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the developing mouse colon at different embryonic stages (embryonic day 14.5 [E14.5], E15.5, and E18.5), we capture cellular and molecular profiles of the stages before, during, and after the appearance of crypt structures, as well as in a model of adult colitis. The data suggest most adult lineages are established by E18.5. We find embryonic-specific gene expression profiles and cell populations that reappear in response to tissue damage. Comparison of the datasets from mice and human colitis suggests the processes are conserved. In this study, we provide a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the developing mouse colon and evidence for the reactivation of embryonic genes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Fazilaty
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael David Brügger
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbara M Szczerba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Berkova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolaos Doumpas
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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35
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Zhang YW, Li YJ, Lu PP, Dai GC, Chen XX, Rui YF. The modulatory effect and implication of gut microbiota on osteoporosis: from the perspective of "brain-gut-bone" axis. Food Funct 2021; 12:5703-5718. [PMID: 34048514 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a kind of systemic metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and destruction of the bone microstructure. In recent years, it has become an expected research trend to explore the cross-linking relationship in the pathogenesis process of OP so as to develop reasonable and effective intervention strategies. With the further development of intestinal microbiology and the profound exploration of the gut microbiota (GM), it has been further revealed that the "brain-gut" axis may be a potential target for the bone, thereby affecting the occurrence and progression of OP. Hence, based on the concept of "brain-gut-bone" axis, we look forward to deeply discussing and summarizing the cross-linking relationship of OP in the next three parts, including the "brain-bone" connection, "gut-bone" connection, and "brain-gut" connection, so as to provide an emerging thought for the prevention strategies and mechanism researches of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. and Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan-Pan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. and Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Chun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. and Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Xu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. and Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. and Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China and Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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36
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Guo X, Lv J, Xi R. The specification and function of enteroendocrine cells in Drosophila and mammals: a comparative review. FEBS J 2021; 289:4773-4796. [PMID: 34115929 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in both invertebrates and vertebrates derive from intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and are scattered along the digestive tract, where they function in sensing various environmental stimuli and subsequently secrete neurotransmitters or neuropeptides to regulate diverse biological and physiological processes. To fulfill these functions, EECs are specified into multiple subtypes that occupy specific gut regions. With advances in single-cell technology, organoid culture experimental systems, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic editing, rapid progress has been made toward characterization of EEC subtypes in mammals. Additionally, studies of genetic model organisms-especially Drosophila melanogaster-have also provided insights about the molecular processes underlying EEC specification from ISCs and about the establishment of diverse EEC subtypes. In this review, we compare the regulation of EEC specification and function in mammals and Drosophila, with a focus on EEC subtype characterization, on how internal and external regulators mediate EEC subtype specification, and on how EEC-mediated intra- and interorgan communications affect gastrointestinal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingting Guo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Lv
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongwen Xi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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37
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Manco R, Averbukh I, Porat Z, Bahar Halpern K, Amit I, Itzkovitz S. Clump sequencing exposes the spatial expression programs of intestinal secretory cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3074. [PMID: 34031373 PMCID: PMC8144370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing combined with spatial information on landmark genes enables reconstruction of spatially-resolved tissue cell atlases. However, such approaches are challenging for rare cell types, since their mRNA contents are diluted in the spatial transcriptomics bulk measurements used for landmark gene detection. In the small intestine, enterocytes, the most common cell type, exhibit zonated expression programs along the crypt-villus axis, but zonation patterns of rare cell types such as goblet and tuft cells remain uncharacterized. Here, we present ClumpSeq, an approach for sequencing small clumps of attached cells. By inferring the crypt-villus location of each clump from enterocyte landmark genes, we establish spatial atlases for all epithelial cell types in the small intestine. We identify elevated expression of immune-modulatory genes in villus tip goblet and tuft cells and heterogeneous migration patterns of enteroendocrine cells. ClumpSeq can be applied for reconstructing spatial atlases of rare cell types in other tissues and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Manco
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inna Averbukh
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563The Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Faculty, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Hood R, Chen YH, Goldsmith JR. TNFAIP8 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation and May Alter Terminal Differentiation of Secretory Progenitors. Cells 2021; 10:871. [PMID: 33921306 PMCID: PMC8070212 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a highly proliferative dynamic environment that relies on constant self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium to maintain homeostasis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8 or TIPE0) is a regulator of PI3K-mediated signaling. By binding to PIP2 and PIP3, TIPE family members locally activate PI3K activity while globally inhibiting PI3K activity through sequestration of membranous PIP2. Single-cell RNA sequencing survey of Tipe0-/- small intestine was used to investigate the role of TIPE0 in intestinal differentiation. Tipe0-/- intestinal cells were shown to shift towards an undifferentiated state, with the notable exception of goblet cells. Additionally, three possible novel regulators of terminal cell fate decisions in the secretory lineage were identified: Nupr1, Kdm4a, and Gatad1. We propose that these novel regulators drive changes involved in goblet cell (Nupr1) or tuft cell (Kdm4a and Gatad1) fate commitment and that TIPE0 may play a role in orchestrating terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason R Goldsmith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Sprouty2 limits intestinal tuft and goblet cell numbers through GSK3β-mediated restriction of epithelial IL-33. Nat Commun 2021; 12:836. [PMID: 33547321 PMCID: PMC7864916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of intestinal cell differentiation is crucial for both homeostasis and the response to injury or inflammation. Sprouty2, an intracellular signaling regulator, controls pathways including PI3K and MAPKs that are implicated in differentiation and are dysregulated in inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we ask whether Sprouty2 controls secretory cell differentiation and the response to colitis. We report that colonic epithelial Sprouty2 deletion leads to expanded tuft and goblet cell populations. Sprouty2 loss induces PI3K/Akt signaling, leading to GSK3β inhibition and epithelial interleukin (IL)-33 expression. In vivo, this results in increased stromal IL-13+ cells. IL-13 in turn induces tuft and goblet cell expansion in vitro and in vivo. Sprouty2 is downregulated by acute inflammation; this appears to be a protective response, as VillinCre;Sprouty2F/F mice are resistant to DSS colitis. In contrast, Sprouty2 is elevated in chronic colitis and in colons of inflammatory bowel disease patients, suggesting that this protective epithelial-stromal signaling mechanism is lost in disease. Dynamic regulation of colonic secretory cell numbers is a critical component of the response to intestinal injury and inflammation. Here, the authors show that loss of the intracellular signalling regulator Sprouty2 in the intestinal epithelial cells is a protective response to injury that leads to increased secretory cell numbers, thus limiting colitis severity.
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Borowczyk J, Shutova M, Brembilla NC, Boehncke WH. IL-25 (IL-17E) in epithelial immunology and pathophysiology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:40-52. [PMID: 33485651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-25, also known as IL-17E, is a unique cytokine of the IL-17 family. Indeed, IL-25 exclusively was shown to strongly induce expression of the cytokines associated with type 2 immunity. Although produced by several types of immune cells, such as T cells, dendritic cells, or group 2 innate lymphoid cells, a vast amount of IL-25 derives from epithelial cells. The functions of IL-25 have been actively studied in the context of physiology and pathology of various organs including skin, airways and lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and thymus. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-25 is a "barrier surface" cytokine whose expression depends on extrinsic environmental factors and when upregulated may lead to inflammatory disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or asthma. This review summarizes the progress of the recent years regarding the effects of IL-25 on the regulation of immune response and the balance between its homeostatic and pathogenic role in various epithelia. We revisit IL-25's general and tissue-specific mechanisms of action, mediated signaling pathways, and transcription factors activated in immune and resident cells. Finally, we discuss perspectives of the IL-25-based therapies for inflammatory disorders and compare them with the mainstream ones that target IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Borowczyk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Shutova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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41
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Xiong X, Cheng Z, Wu F, Hu M, Liu Z, Dong R, Chen G. Berberine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A possible pathway through Tuft cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111129. [PMID: 33348308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with complex pathogenesis, which is affected by genetic factors, intestinal immune status and intestinal microbial homeostasis. Intestinal epithelial barrier defect is crucial to the development of UC. Berberine, extracted from Chinese medicine, can identify bitter taste receptor on intestinal Tuft cells and activate IL-25-ILC2-IL-13 immune pathway to impair damaged intestinal tract by promoting differentiation of intestinal stem cells, which might be a potential approach for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xiong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Coloproctology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Gastrointestinal & Anal Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Ali A, Tan H, Kaiko GE. Role of the Intestinal Epithelium and Its Interaction With the Microbiota in Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:604054. [PMID: 33365031 PMCID: PMC7750388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial tract forms a dynamic lining of the digestive system consisting of a range of epithelial cell sub-types with diverse functions fulfilling specific niches. The intestinal epithelium is more than just a physical barrier regulating nutrient uptake, rather it plays a critical role in homeostasis through its intrinsic innate immune function, pivotal regulation of antigen sensitization, and a bi-directional interplay with the microbiota that evolves with age. In this review we will discuss these functions of the epithelium in the context of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Ali
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - HuiYing Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard E Kaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Rosen MJ. Could a Small Population of Epithelial Cells Get "Tuft" With Crohn's Disease? Gastroenterology 2020; 159:2025-2027. [PMID: 33011174 PMCID: PMC8015681 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Banerjee A, Herring CA, Chen B, Kim H, Simmons AJ, Southard-Smith AN, Allaman MM, White JR, Macedonia MC, Mckinley ET, Solano MAR, Scoville EA, Liu Q, Wilson KT, Coffey RJ, Washington MK, Goettel JA, Lau KS. Succinate Produced by Intestinal Microbes Promotes Specification of Tuft Cells to Suppress Ileal Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:2101-2115.e5. [PMID: 32828819 PMCID: PMC7725941 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Countries endemic for parasitic infestations have a lower incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) than nonendemic countries, and there have been anecdotal reports of the beneficial effects of helminths in CD patients. Tuft cells in the small intestine sense and direct the immune response against eukaryotic parasites. We investigated the activities of tuft cells in patients with CD and mouse models of intestinal inflammation. METHODS We used microscopy to quantify tuft cells in intestinal specimens from patients with ileal CD (n = 19), healthy individuals (n = 14), and TNFΔARE/+ mice, which develop Crohn's-like ileitis. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry, and microbiome profiling of intestinal tissues from wild-type and Atoh1-knockout mice, which have expansion of tuft cells, to study interactions between microbes and tuft cell populations. We assessed microbe dependence of tuft cell populations using microbiome depletion, organoids, and microbe transplant experiments. We used multiplex imaging and cytokine assays to assess alterations in inflammatory response following expansion of tuft cells with succinate administration in TNFΔARE/+ and anti-CD3E CD mouse models. RESULTS Inflamed ileal tissues from patients and mice had reduced numbers of tuft cells, compared with healthy individuals or wild-type mice. Expansion of tuft cells was associated with increased expression of genes that regulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which resulted from microbe production of the metabolite succinate. Experiments in which we manipulated the intestinal microbiota of mice revealed the existence of an ATOH1-independent population of tuft cells that was sensitive to metabolites produced by microbes. Administration of succinate to mice expanded tuft cells and reduced intestinal inflammation in TNFΔARE/+ mice and anti-CD3E-treated mice, increased GATA3+ cells and type 2 cytokines (IL22, IL25, IL13), and decreased RORGT+ cells and type 17 cytokines (IL23) in a tuft cell-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS We found that tuft cell expansion reduced chronic intestinal inflammation in mice. Strategies to expand tuft cells might be developed for treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles A. Herring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bob Chen
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyeyon Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alan J. Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Austin N. Southard-Smith
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Margaret M. Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Center Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Mary C. Macedonia
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T. Mckinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Marisol A. Ramirez Solano
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Scoville
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Center Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Center Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Center Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken S. Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Center Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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45
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Beauchemin H, Möröy T. Multifaceted Actions of GFI1 and GFI1B in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Lineage Commitment. Front Genet 2020; 11:591099. [PMID: 33193732 PMCID: PMC7649360 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.591099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) and the closely related protein GFI1B are small nuclear proteins that act as DNA binding transcriptional repressors. Both recognize the same consensus DNA binding motif via their C-terminal zinc finger domains and regulate the expression of their target genes by recruiting chromatin modifiers such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and demethylases (LSD1) by using an N-terminal SNAG domain that comprises only 20 amino acids. The only region that is different between both proteins is the region that separates the zinc finger domains and the SNAG domain. Both proteins are co-expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and, to some extent, in multipotent progenitors (MPPs), but expression is specified as soon as early progenitors and show signs of lineage bias. While expression of GFI1 is maintained in lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) that have the potential to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid cells, GFI1B expression is no longer detectable in these cells. By contrast, GFI1 expression is lost in megakaryocyte precursors (MKPs) and in megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs), which maintain a high level of GFI1B expression. Consequently, GFI1 drives myeloid and lymphoid differentiation and GFI1B drives the development of megakaryocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. How such complementary cell type- and lineage-specific functions of GFI1 and GFI1B are maintained is still an unresolved question in particular since they share an almost identical structure and very similar biochemical modes of actions. The cell type-specific accessibility of GFI1/1B binding sites may explain the fact that very similar transcription factors can be responsible for very different transcriptional programming. An additional explanation comes from recent data showing that both proteins may have additional non-transcriptional functions. GFI1 interacts with a number of proteins involved in DNA repair and lack of GFI1 renders HSCs highly susceptible to DNA damage-induced death and restricts their proliferation. In contrast, GFI1B binds to proteins of the beta-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway and lack of GFI1B leads to an expansion of HSCs and MKPs, illustrating the different impact that GFI1 or GFI1B has on HSCs. In addition, GFI1 and GFI1B are required for endothelial cells to become the first blood cells during early murine development and are among those transcription factors needed to convert adult endothelial cells or fibroblasts into HSCs. This role of GFI1 and GFI1B bears high significance for the ongoing effort to generate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells de novo for the autologous treatment of blood disorders such as leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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46
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Miller MM, Patel PS, Bao K, Danhorn T, O'Connor BP, Reinhardt RL. BATF acts as an essential regulator of IL-25-responsive migratory ILC2 cell fate and function. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/43/eaay3994. [PMID: 31924686 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A transitory, interleukin-25 (IL-25)-responsive, group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) subset induced during type 2 inflammation was recently identified as iILC2s. This study focuses on understanding the significance of this population in relation to tissue-resident nILC2s in the lung and intestine. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis revealed the AP-1 superfamily transcription factor BATF (basic leucine zipper transcription factor, activating transcription factor-like) as a potential modulator of ILC2 cell fate. Infection of BATF-deficient mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis showed a selective defect in IL-25-mediated helminth clearance and a corresponding loss of iILC2s in the lung characterized as IL-17RBhigh, KLRG1high, BATFhigh, and Arg1low BATF deficiency selectively impaired iILC2s because it had no impact on tissue-resident nILC2 frequency or function. Pulmonary-associated iILC2s migrated to the lung after infection, where they represented an early source of IL-4 and IL-13. Although the composition of ILC2s in the small intestine was distinct from those in the lung, their frequency and IL-13 expression remained dependent on BATF, which was also required for optimal goblet and tuft cell hyperplasia. Findings support IL-25-responsive ILC2s as early sentinels of mucosal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy M Miller
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| | - Preeyam S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Katherine Bao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Brian P O'Connor
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - R Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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47
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Cell fate specification and differentiation in the adult mammalian intestine. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 22:39-53. [PMID: 32958874 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells at the bottom of crypts fuel the rapid renewal of the different cell types that constitute a multitasking tissue. The intestinal epithelium facilitates selective uptake of nutrients while acting as a barrier for hostile luminal contents. Recent discoveries have revealed that the lineage plasticity of committed cells - combined with redundant sources of niche signals - enables the epithelium to efficiently repair tissue damage. New approaches such as single-cell transcriptomics and the use of organoid models have led to the identification of the signals that guide fate specification of stem cell progeny into the six intestinal cell lineages. These cell types display context-dependent functionality and can adapt to different requirements over their lifetime, as dictated by their microenvironment. These new insights into stem cell regulation and fate specification could aid the development of therapies that exploit the regenerative capacity and functionality of the gut.
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48
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Miller MM, Reinhardt RL. The Heterogeneity, Origins, and Impact of Migratory iILC2 Cells in Anti-helminth Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1594. [PMID: 32793230 PMCID: PMC7390839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths represent a major global health burden with infections and infection-related comorbidities causing significant reductions in the quality of life for individuals living in endemic areas. Repeated infections and chronic colonization by these large extracellular worms in mammals led to the evolution of type-2 immunity characterized by the production of the type-2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Although a number of adaptive and innate immune cells produce type-2 cytokines, a key cellular source in the context of helminth infection is group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). ILC2s promote mucosal barrier homeostasis, integrity, and repair by rapidly responding to epithelial cues in mucosal tissues. Though tissue-resident ILC2s (nILC2s) have been studied in detail over the last decade, considerably less is known with regard to a subset of inflammatory ILC2s (iILC2s) that migrate to the lungs of mice early after Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection and are potent early producers of type-2 cytokines. This review will discuss the relationship and differences between nILC2s and iILC2s that establish their unique roles in anti-helminth immunity. We have placed particular emphasis on studies investigating iILC2 origin, function, and their potential long-term contribution to tissue-resident ILC2 reservoirs in settings of helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy M Miller
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - R Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
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49
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Schneider C, O'Leary CE, Locksley RM. Regulation of immune responses by tuft cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 19:584-593. [PMID: 31114038 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tuft cells are rare, secretory epithelial cells that generated scant immunological interest until contemporaneous reports in 2016 linked tuft cells with type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Tuft cells have the capacity to produce an unusual spectrum of biological effector molecules, including IL-25, eicosanoids implicated in allergy (such as cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2) and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In most cases, the extracellular signals controlling tuft cell effector function are unknown, but signal transduction is thought to proceed via canonical, G protein-coupled receptor-dependent pathways involving components of the signalling pathway used by type II taste bud cells to sense sweet, bitter and umami compounds. Tuft cells are ideally positioned as chemosensory sentinels that can detect and relay information from diverse luminal substances via what appear to be stereotyped outputs to initiate both positive and aversive responses through populations of immune and neuronal cells. Despite recent insights, numerous questions remain regarding tuft cell lineage, diversity and effector mechanisms and how tuft cells interface with the immunological niche in the tissues where they reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claire E O'Leary
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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50
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Dermadi D, Bscheider M, Bjegovic K, Lazarus NH, Szade A, Hadeiba H, Butcher EC. Exploration of Cell Development Pathways through High-Dimensional Single Cell Analysis in Trajectory Space. iScience 2020; 23:100842. [PMID: 32058956 PMCID: PMC6997593 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dimensional single cell profiling coupled with computational modeling is emerging as a powerful tool to elucidate developmental programs directing cell lineages. We introduce tSpace, an algorithm based on the concept of "trajectory space", in which cells are defined by their distance along nearest neighbor pathways to every other cell in a population. Graphical mapping of cells in trajectory space allows unsupervised reconstruction and exploration of complex developmental sequences. Applied to flow and mass cytometry data, the method faithfully reconstructs thymic T cell development and reveals development and trafficking regulation of tonsillar B cells. Applied to the single cell transcriptome of mouse intestine and C. elegans, the method recapitulates development from intestinal stem cells to specialized epithelial phenotypes more faithfully than existing algorithms and orders C. elegans cells concordantly to the associated embryonic time. tSpace profiling of complex populations is well suited for hypothesis generation in developing cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dermadi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Michael Bscheider
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kristina Bjegovic
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Nicole H Lazarus
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Agata Szade
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Husein Hadeiba
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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