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Kul E, Stork O. Trehalose consumption ameliorates pathogenesis in an inducible mouse model of the Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:826-835. [PMID: 37776526 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2261682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a naturally occurring sugar found in various food and pharmaceutical preparations with the ability to enhance cellular proteostasis and reduce the formation of toxic intracellular protein aggregates, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for various neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVES Here, we explored the effectiveness of nutritional trehalose supplementation in ameliorating symptoms in a mouse model of Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), an incurable late onset manifestation of moderately expanded trinucleotide CGG repeat expansion mutations in the 5' untranslated region of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 gene (FMR1). METHODS An inducible mouse model of FXTAS expressing 90 CGG repeats in the brain had been previously developed, which faithfully captures hallmarks of the disorder, the formation of intracellular inclusions, and the disturbance of motor function. Taking advantage of the inducible nature of the model, we investigated the therapeutic potential of orally administered trehalose under two regimens, modelling disease prevention and disease treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Trehalose's effectiveness in combating protein aggregation is frequently attributed to its ability to induce autophagy. Accordingly, trehalose supplementation under the prevention regimen ameliorated the formation of intranuclear inclusions and improved the motor deficiencies resulting from the induced expression of 90 CGG repeats, but it failed to reverse the existing nuclear pathology as a treatment strategy. Given the favorable safety profile of trehalose, it is promising to further explore the potential of this agent for early stage FXTAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Kul
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Huang Z, Cheng S, Jash S, Fierce J, Agudelo A, Higashiyama T, Hanna N, Nakashima A, Saito S, Padbury J, Schuster J, Sharma S. Exploiting sweet relief for preeclampsia by targeting autophagy-lysosomal machinery and proteinopathy. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1206-1220. [PMID: 38760513 PMCID: PMC11148015 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of preeclampsia (PE), a severe complication of pregnancy with several clinical manifestations and a high incidence of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, remains unclear. This issue is a major hurdle for effective treatment strategies. We recently demonstrated that PE exhibits an Alzheimer-like etiology of impaired autophagy and proteinopathy in the placenta. Targeting of these pathological pathways may be a novel therapeutic strategy for PE. Stimulation of autophagy with the natural disaccharide trehalose and its lacto analog lactotrehalose in hypoxia-exposed primary human trophoblasts restored autophagy, inhibited the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, and restored the ultrastructural features of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Importantly, trehalose and lactotrehalose inhibited the onset of PE-like features in a humanized mouse model by normalizing autophagy and inhibiting protein aggregation in the placenta. These disaccharides restored the autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis machinery by increasing nuclear translocation of the master transcriptional regulator TFEB. RNA-seq analysis of the placentas of mice with PE indicated the normalization of the PE-associated transcriptome profile in response to trehalose and lactotrehalose. In summary, our results provide a novel molecular rationale for impaired autophagy and proteinopathy in patients with PE and identify treatment with trehalose and its lacto analog as promising therapeutic options for this severe pregnancy complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Shibin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Sukanta Jash
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Jamie Fierce
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Anthony Agudelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | | | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akitoshi Nakashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - James Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Shrestha P, Karmacharya J, Han SR, Lee JH, Oh TJ. Elucidation of bacterial trehalose-degrading trehalase and trehalose phosphorylase: physiological significance and its potential applications. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad084. [PMID: 37847605 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria possess diverse metabolic and genetic processes, resulting in the inability of certain bacteria to degrade trehalose. However, some bacteria do have the capability to degrade trehalose, utilizing it as a carbon source, and for defense against environmental stress. Trehalose, a disaccharide, serves as a carbon source for many bacteria, including some that are vital for pathogens. The degradation of trehalose is carried out by enzymes like trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) and trehalose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.64/2.4.1.231), which are classified under the glycoside hydrolase families GH37, GH15, and GH65. Numerous studies and reports have explored the physiological functions, recombinant expression, enzymatic characteristics, and potential applications of these enzymes. However, further research is still being conducted to understand their roles in bacteria. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of trehalose degradation pathways in various bacteria, focusing on three key areas: (i) identifying different trehalose-degrading enzymes in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, (ii) elucidating the mechanisms employed by trehalose-degrading enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolases GH37, GH15, and GH65, and (iii) discussing the potential applications of these enzymes in different sectors. Notably, this review emphasizes the bacterial trehalose-degrading enzymes, specifically trehalases (GH37, GH15, and GH65) and trehalose phosphorylases (GH65), in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, an aspect that has not been highlighted before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasansah Shrestha
- Department of Life Sciences and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, South Korea
| | - Jayram Karmacharya
- Department of Life Sciences and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, South Korea
| | - So-Ra Han
- Department of Life Sciences and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, South Korea
- Genome-based Bio-IT Convergence Institute, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Materials, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Sciences and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, South Korea
- Genome-based Bio-IT Convergence Institute, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, South Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31460, South Korea
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Shafiei B, Afgar A, Nematollahi MH, Shabani M, Nazari-Robati M. Effect of trehalose on miR-132 and SIRT1 in the hippocampus of aged rats. Neurosci Lett 2023; 813:137418. [PMID: 37549864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes substantial molecular to morphological changes in the brain. The brain cells are more susceptible towards oxidative damage due to impaired antioxidant defense system. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is a crucial cellular survival protein, which its gene has been identified as a direct target of microRNA 132 (miR-132). Trehalose contributes to preventing neuronal damage through several mechanisms. However, little is known about the interactive effects of aging and trehalose on the expression pattern of miR-132 and SIRT1 in the hippocampus. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Two groups of aged (24 months) and young (4 months) rats were administered 2% trehalose solution for 30 days. Two other groups of aged and young rats received regular tap water. At the end of treatment, the levels of Sirt1 mRNA and its protein, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content, total antioxidant capacity, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as the expression of miR-132 were measured in the hippocampus. We found that trehalose treatment upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and miR-132. Moreover, administration of trehalose enhanced the level of total antioxidant activity whereas reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, and TNF-α. In conclusion, our data indicated that trehalose restored antioxidant status and alleviated inflammation in the hippocampus which was probably associated with the upregulation of SIRT1 and miR-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentolhoda Shafiei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Afgar
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nazari-Robati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Marshall A, McGrath JW, Mitchell M, Fanning S, McMullan G. One size does not fit all - Trehalose metabolism by Clostridioides difficile is variable across the five phylogenetic lineages. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001110. [PMID: 37768179 PMCID: PMC10569727 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide, is a genetically diverse species which can metabolise a number of nutrient sources upon colonising a dysbiotic gut environment. Trehalose, a disaccharide sugar consisting of two glucose molecules bonded by an α 1,1-glycosidic bond, has been hypothesised to be involved in the emergence of C. difficile hypervirulence due to its increased utilisation by the RT027 and RT078 strains. Here, growth in trehalose as the sole carbon source was shown to be non-uniform across representative C. difficile strains, even though the genes for its metabolism were induced. Growth in trehalose reduced the expression of genes associated with toxin production and sporulation in the C. difficile R20291 (RT027) and M120 (RT078) strains in vitro, suggesting an inhibitory effect on virulence factors. Interestingly, the R20291 TreR transcriptional regulatory protein appeared to possess an activator function as its DNA-binding ability was increased in the presence of its effector, trehalose-6-phosphate. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we report the identification of a putative trehalose metabolism pathway which is induced during growth in trehalose: this has not been previously described within the C. difficile species. These data demonstrate the metabolic diversity exhibited by C. difficile which warrants further investigation to elucidate the molecular basis of trehalose metabolism within this important gut pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - John W. McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Molly Mitchell
- University College Dublin-Centre for Food Safety University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- University College Dublin-Centre for Food Safety University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geoff McMullan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
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6
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Dietary Trehalose as a Bioactive Nutrient. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061393. [PMID: 36986123 PMCID: PMC10054017 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a naturally occurring, non-reducing disaccharide comprising two covalently-linked glucose molecules. It possesses unique physiochemical properties, which account for multiple biological roles in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In the past few decades, intensive research on trehalose has uncovered its functions, and extended its uses as a sweetener and stabilizer in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Further, increased dietary trehalose consumption has sparked research on how trehalose affects the gut microbiome. In addition to its role as a dietary sugar, trehalose has gained attention for its ability to modulate glucose homeostasis, and potentially as a therapeutic agent for diabetes. This review discusses the bioactive effects of dietary trehalose, highlighting its promise in future industrial and scientific contributions.
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Higgins CB, Adams JA, Ward MH, Greenberg ZJ, Milewska M, Sun J, Zhang Y, Chiquetto Paracatu L, Dong Q, Ballentine S, Li W, Wandzik I, Schuettpelz LG, DeBosch BJ. The tetraspanin transmembrane protein CD53 mediates dyslipidemia and integrates inflammatory and metabolic signaling in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102835. [PMID: 36581203 PMCID: PMC9900517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane signaling and proinflammatory proteins. Prior work demonstrates that the tetraspanin, CD53/TSPAN25/MOX44, mediates B-cell development and lymphocyte migration to lymph nodes and is implicated in various inflammatory diseases. However, CD53 is also expressed in highly metabolic tissues, including adipose and liver; yet its function outside the lymphoid compartment is not defined. Here, we show that CD53 demarcates the nutritional and inflammatory status of hepatocytes. High-fat exposure and inflammatory stimuli induced CD53 in vivo in liver and isolated primary hepatocytes. In contrast, restricting hepatocyte glucose flux through hepatocyte glucose transporter 8 deletion or through trehalose treatment blocked CD53 induction in fat- and fructose-exposed contexts. Furthermore, germline CD53 deletion in vivo blocked Western diet-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic inflammatory transcriptomic activation. Surprisingly, metabolic protection in CD53 KO mice was more pronounced in the presence of an inciting inflammatory event. CD53 deletion attenuated tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced and fatty acid + lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine gene expression and hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation in isolated murine hepatocytes. In vivo, CD53 deletion in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diet-fed mice blocked peripheral adipose accumulation and adipose inflammation, insulin tolerance, and liver lipid accumulation. We then defined a stabilized and trehalase-resistant trehalose polymer that blocks hepatocyte CD53 expression in basal and over-fed contexts. The data suggest that CD53 integrates inflammatory and metabolic signals in response to hepatocyte nutritional status and that CD53 blockade may provide a means by which to attenuate pathophysiology in diseases that integrate overnutrition and inflammation, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua A Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew H Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zev J Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Małgorzata Milewska
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jiameng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Ballentine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Laura G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Marshall A, McGrath JW, Graham R, McMullan G. Food for thought-The link between Clostridioides difficile metabolism and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011034. [PMID: 36602960 PMCID: PMC9815643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is an opportunistic pathogen that leads to antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antibiotic usage is the main risk factor leading to C. difficile infection (CDI), as a dysbiotic gut environment allows colonisation and eventual pathology manifested by toxin production. Although colonisation resistance is mediated by the action of secondary bile acids inhibiting vegetative outgrowth, nutrient competition also plays a role in preventing CDI as the gut microbiota compete for nutrient niches inhibiting C. difficile growth. C. difficile is able to metabolise carbon dioxide, the amino acids proline, hydroxyproline, and ornithine, the cell membrane constituent ethanolamine, and the carbohydrates trehalose, cellobiose, sorbitol, and mucin degradation products as carbon and energy sources through multiple pathways. Zinc sequestration by the host response mediates metabolic adaptation of C. difficile by perhaps signalling an inflamed gut allowing it to acquire abundant nutrients. Persistence within the gut environment is also mediated by the by-products of metabolism through the production of p-cresol, which inhibit gut commensal species growth promoting dysbiosis. This review aims to explore and describe the various metabolic pathways of C. difficile, which facilitate its survival and pathogenesis within the colonised host gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John W. McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Graham
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff McMullan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Bhute SS, Mefferd CC, Phan JR, Ahmed M, Fox-King AE, Alarcia S, Villarama JV, Abel-Santos E, Hedlund BP. A High-Carbohydrate Diet Prolongs Dysbiosis and Clostridioides difficile Carriage and Increases Delayed Mortality in a Hamster Model of Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0180421. [PMID: 35708337 PMCID: PMC9431659 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01804-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using mouse models of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) have demonstrated a variety of relationships between dietary macronutrients on antibiotic-associated CDI; however, few of these effects have been examined in more susceptible hamster models of CDI. In this study, we investigated the effect of a high-carbohydrate diet previously shown to protect mice from CDI on the progression and resolution of CDI in a hamster disease model, with 10 animals per group. Hamsters fed the high-carbohydrate diet developed distinct diet-specific microbiomes during antibiotic treatment and CDI, with lower diversity, persistent C. difficile carriage, and delayed microbiome restoration. In contrast to CDI protection in mice, most hamsters fed a high-carbohydrate diet developed fulminant CDI including several cases of late-onset CDI, that were not observed in hamsters fed a standard lab diet. We speculate that prolonged high-carbohydrate diet-specific dysbiosis in these animals allowed C. difficile to persist in the gut of the animals where they could proliferate postvancomycin treatment, leading to delayed CDI onset. This study, along with similar studies in mouse models of CDI, suggests some high-carbohydrate diets may promote antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and long-term C. difficile carriage, which may later convert to symptomatic CDI. IMPORTANCE The effects of diet on CDI are not completely known. Here, we used a high-carbohydrate diet previously shown to protect mice against CDI to assess its effect on a hamster model of CDI and paradoxically found that it promoted dysbiosis, C. difficile carriage, and higher mortality. A common thread in both mouse and hamster experimental models was that the high-carbohydrate diet promoted dysbiosis and long-term carriage of C. difficile, which may have converted to fulminant CDI only in the highly susceptible hamster model system. If diets high in carbohydrates also promote dysbiosis and C. difficile carriage in humans, then these diets might paradoxically increase chances of CDI relapse despite their protective effects against primary CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant S. Bhute
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Chrisabelle C. Mefferd
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jacqueline R. Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Muneeba Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, Nevada, Henderson, Nevada, USA
| | - Amelia E. Fox-King
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, Nevada, Henderson, Nevada, USA
| | - Stephanie Alarcia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jacob V. Villarama
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Ernesto Abel-Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Brian P. Hedlund
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Pupyshev AB, Klyushnik TP, Akopyan AA, Singh SK, Tikhonova MA. Disaccharide Trehalose in Experimental Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Molecular Targets and Translational Potential. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106373. [PMID: 35907433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Induction of autophagy is a prospective approach to the treatment of neurodegeneration. In the recent decade, trehalose attracted special attention. It is an autophagy inducer with negligible adverse effects and is approved for use in humans according to FDA requirements. Trehalose has a therapeutic effect in various experimental models of diseases. This glucose disaccharide with a flexible α-1-1'-glycosidic bond has unique properties: induction of mTOR-independent autophagy (with kinase AMPK as the main target) and a chaperone-like effect on proteins imparting them natural spatial structure. Thus, it can reduce the accumulation of neurotoxic aberrant/misfolded proteins. Trehalose has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits detrimental oxidative stress partially owing to the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defense represented by the Nrf2 protein. The disaccharide activates lysosome and autophagosome biogenesis pathways through the protein factors TFEB and FOXO1. Here we review various mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of trehalose and touch on the possibility of pleiotropic effects. Current knowledge about specific features of trehalose pharmacodynamics is discussed. The neuroprotective effects of trehalose in animal models of major neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are examined too. Attention is given to translational transition to clinical trials of this drug, especially oral and parenteral routes of administration. Besides, the possibility of enhancing the therapeutic benefit via a combination of mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy inducers is analyzed. In general, trehalose appears to be a promising multitarget tool for the inhibition of experimental neurodegeneration and requires thorough investigation of its clinical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Pupyshev
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Klyushnik
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoye shosse 34, Moscow 115522, Russia.
| | - Anna A Akopyan
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Krishna Bhawan, 594 Kha/123, Shahinoor Colony, Nilmatha, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226002, India.
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
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11
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Higgins CB, Mayer AL, Zhang Y, Franczyk M, Ballentine S, Yoshino J, DeBosch BJ. SIRT1 selectively exerts the metabolic protective effects of hepatocyte nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1074. [PMID: 35228549 PMCID: PMC8885655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction abates aging and cardiometabolic disease by activating metabolic signaling pathways, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis and salvage. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is rate-limiting in NAD+ salvage, yet hepatocyte NAMPT actions during fasting and metabolic duress remain unclear. We demonstrate that hepatocyte NAMPT is upregulated in fasting mice, and in isolated hepatocytes subjected to nutrient withdrawal. Mice lacking hepatocyte NAMPT exhibit defective FGF21 activation and thermal regulation during fasting, and are sensitized to diet-induced glucose intolerance. Hepatocyte NAMPT overexpression induced FGF21 and adipose browning, improved glucose homeostasis, and attenuated dyslipidemia in obese mice. Hepatocyte SIRT1 deletion reversed hepatocyte NAMPT effects on dark-cycle thermogenesis, and hepatic FGF21 expression, but SIRT1 was dispensable for NAMPT insulin-sensitizing, anti-dyslipidemic, and light-cycle thermogenic effects. Hepatocyte NAMPT thus conveys key aspects of the fasting response, which selectively dissociate through hepatocyte SIRT1. Modulating hepatocyte NAD+ is thus a potential mechanism through which to attenuate fasting-responsive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra B. Higgins
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | | | - Yiming Zhang
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Michael Franczyk
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Samuel Ballentine
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brian J. DeBosch
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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12
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Park K, Lee MS. Current Status of Autophagy Enhancers in Metabolic Disorders and Other Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:811701. [PMID: 35237600 PMCID: PMC8882819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.811701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is pivotal in the maintenance of organelle function and intracellular nutrient balance. Besides the role of autophagy in the homeostasis and physiology of the individual tissues and whole organism in vivo, dysregulated autophagy has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory or immunological disorders, cancer and aging. Search for autophagy modulators has been widely conducted to amend dysregulation of autophagy or pharmacologically modulate autophagy in those diseases. Current data support the view that autophagy modulation could be a new modality for treatment of metabolic syndrome associated with lipid overload, human-type diabetes characterized by deposition of islet amyloid or other diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, infection and cardiovascular diseases. While clinically available bona fide autophagy modulators have not been developed yet, it is expected that on-going investigation will lead to the development of authentic autophagy modulators that can be safely administered to patients in the near future and will open a new horizon for treatment of incurable or difficult diseases.
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13
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Zhang Y, Higgins CB, Van Tine BA, Bomalaski JS, DeBosch BJ. Pegylated arginine deiminase drives arginine turnover and systemic autophagy to dictate energy metabolism. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100498. [PMID: 35106510 PMCID: PMC8784773 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multi-systemic disorder of energy balance. Despite intense investigation, the determinants of energy homeostasis remain incompletely understood, and efficacious treatments against obesity and its complications are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that conferred arginine iminohydrolysis by the bacterial virulence factor and arginine deiminase, arcA, promotes mammalian energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity and reverses dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in obese mice. Extending this, pharmacological arginine catabolism via pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) recapitulates these metabolic effects in dietary and genetically obese models. These effects require hepatic and whole-body expression of the autophagy complex protein BECN1 and hepatocyte-specific FGF21 secretion. Single-cell ATAC sequencing further reveals BECN1-dependent hepatocyte chromatin accessibility changes in response to ADI-PEG 20. The data thus reveal an unexpected therapeutic utility for arginine catabolism in modulating energy metabolism by activating systemic autophagy, which is now exploitable through readily available pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cassandra B. Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian A. Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | | | - Brian J. DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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14
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Gallego-Lobillo P, Doyagüez EG, Jimeno ML, Villamiel M, Hernandez-Hernandez O. Enzymatic Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Novel Trehalose-Based Oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12541-12553. [PMID: 34636545 PMCID: PMC8554766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose, α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1↔1)-α-d-glucopyranoside, is a disaccharide with multiple effects on the human body. Synthesis of new trehalose derivatives was investigated through transgalactosylation reactions using β-galactosidase from four different species. β-galactosidases from Bacillus circulans (B. circulans) and Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) were observed to be the best biocatalysts, using lactose as the donor and trehalose as the acceptor. Galactosyl derivatives of trehalose were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Trisaccharides were the most abundant oligosaccharides obtained followed by the tetrasaccharide fraction (19.5% vs 8.2% carbohydrates). Interestingly, the pentasaccharide [β-Galp-(1→4)]3-trehalose was characterized for the first time. Greater oligosaccharide production was observed using β-galactosidase from B. circulans than that obtained from A. oryzae, where the main structures were based on galactose monomers linked by β-(1→6) and β-(1→4) bonds with trehalose in the ending. These results indicate the feasibility of commercially available β-galactosidases for the synthesis of trehalose-derived oligosaccharides, which might have functional properties, excluding the adverse effects of the single trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gallego-Lobillo
- Institute
of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish Council of Scientific Research,
(CSIC)−Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Campus de la
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Elisa G. Doyagüez
- Centro
de Química Orgánica “Lora Tamayo” (CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid E-28006, Spain
| | - María Luisa Jimeno
- Centro
de Química Orgánica “Lora Tamayo” (CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid E-28006, Spain
| | - Mar Villamiel
- Institute
of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish Council of Scientific Research,
(CSIC)−Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Campus de la
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez
- Institute
of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish Council of Scientific Research,
(CSIC)−Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Campus de la
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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15
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Trehalose Reduces Nerve Injury Induced Nociception in Mice but Negatively Affects Alertness. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092953. [PMID: 34578829 PMCID: PMC8469914 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose, a sugar from fungi, mimics starvation due to a block of glucose transport and induces Transcription Factor EB- mediated autophagy, likely supported by the upregulation of progranulin. The pro-autophagy effects help to remove pathological proteins and thereby prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Enhancing autophagy also contributes to the resolution of neuropathic pain in mice. Therefore, we here assessed the effects of continuous trehalose administration via drinking water using the mouse Spared Nerve Injury model of neuropathic pain. Trehalose had no effect on drinking, feeding, voluntary wheel running, motor coordination, locomotion, and open field, elevated plus maze, and Barnes Maze behavior, showing that it was well tolerated. However, trehalose reduced nerve injury-evoked nociceptive mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity as compared to vehicle. Trehalose had no effect on calcium currents in primary somatosensory neurons, pointing to central mechanisms of the antinociceptive effects. In IntelliCages, trehalose-treated mice showed reduced activity, in particular, a low frequency of nosepokes, which was associated with a reduced proportion of correct trials and flat learning curves in place preference learning tasks. Mice failed to switch corner preferences and stuck to spontaneously preferred corners. The behavior in IntelliCages is suggestive of sedative effects as a “side effect” of a continuous protracted trehalose treatment, leading to impairment of learning flexibility. Hence, trehalose diet supplements might reduce chronic pain but likely at the expense of alertness.
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16
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Kading J, Finck BN, DeBosch BJ. Targeting hepatocyte carbohydrate transport to mimic fasting and calorie restriction. FEBS J 2021; 288:3784-3798. [PMID: 32654397 PMCID: PMC8662989 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pervasion of three daily meals and snacks is a relatively new introduction to our shared experience and is coincident with an epidemic rise in obesity and cardiometabolic disorders of overnutrition. The past two decades have yielded convincing evidence regarding the adaptive, protective effects of calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) against cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, proteostatic, and inflammatory diseases. Yet, durable adherence to intensive lifestyle changes is rarely attainable. New evidence now demonstrates that restricting carbohydrate entry into the hepatocyte by itself mimics several key signaling responses and physiological outcomes of IF and CR. This discovery raises the intriguing proposition that targeting hepatocyte carbohydrate transport to mimic fasting and caloric restriction can abate cardiometabolic and perhaps other fasting-treatable diseases. Here, we review the metabolic and signaling fates of a hepatocyte carbohydrate, identify evidence to target the key mediators within these pathways, and provide rationale and data to highlight carbohydrate transport as a broad, proximal intervention to block the deleterious sequelae of hepatic glucose and fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kading
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Buckley AM, Moura IB, Wilcox MH. Is there a causal relationship between trehalose consumption and Clostridioides difficile infection? Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021; 37:9-14. [PMID: 33105252 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Trehalose metabolism appears to play a role in the pathogenicity of some microbes. It has been claimed that trehalose consumption may be a risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), but the evidence for a causal link is contentious. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemic ribotypes of C. difficile harbour mutations or have acquired extra genes that mean these strains can utilize lower concentrations of bioavailable trehalose, providing a competitive metabolic advantage in some CDI animal models. By contrast, evidence has emerged to show that trehalose-induced microbiota changes can help protect/reduce CDI in other models. In addition, C. difficile trehalose metabolic variants are widespread among epidemic and nonepidemic ribotypes alike, and the occurrence of these trehalose variants was not associated with increase disease severity or mortality. SUMMARY Currently, there is no proven causal association between the incidence or severity of human CDI and the presence of trehalose metabolism variants. Furthermore, microbial metabolism reduces trehalose bioavailability, potentially removing this competitive advantage for C. difficile trehalose metabolism variants. Taken together, trehalose consumed as part of a normal diet has no increased risk of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Buckley
- Healthcare-Associated Infections Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds
| | - Ines B Moura
- Healthcare-Associated Infections Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds
| | - Mark H Wilcox
- Healthcare-Associated Infections Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
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18
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Helsley RN, Moreau F, Gupta MK, Radulescu A, DeBosch B, Softic S. Tissue-Specific Fructose Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:64. [PMID: 33057854 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this review is to provide up-to-date and comprehensive discussion of tissue-specific fructose metabolism in the context of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RECENT FINDINGS Increased intake of dietary fructose is a risk factor for a myriad of metabolic complications. Tissue-specific fructose metabolism has not been well delineated in terms of its contribution to detrimental health effects associated with fructose intake. Since inhibitors targeting fructose metabolism are being developed for the management of NAFLD and diabetes, it is essential to recognize how inability of one tissue to metabolize fructose may affect metabolism in the other tissues. The primary sites of fructose metabolism are the liver, intestine, and kidney. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue can also metabolize a large portion of fructose load, especially in the setting of ketohexokinase deficiency, the rate-limiting enzyme of fructose metabolism. Fructose can also be sensed by the pancreas and the brain, where it can influence essential functions involved in energy homeostasis. Lastly, fructose is metabolized by the testes, red blood cells, and lens of the eye where it may contribute to infertility, advanced glycation end products, and cataracts, respectively. An increase in sugar intake, particularly fructose, has been associated with the development of obesity and its complications. Inhibition of fructose utilization in tissues primary responsible for its metabolism alters consumption in other tissues, which have not been traditionally regarded as important depots of fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Helsley
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Francois Moreau
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Aurelia Radulescu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Brian DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63131, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 138 Leader Ave, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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19
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Kalera K, Stothard AI, Woodruff PJ, Swarts BM. The role of chemoenzymatic synthesis in advancing trehalose analogues as tools for combatting bacterial pathogens. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11528-11547. [PMID: 32914793 PMCID: PMC7919099 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04955g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to virulence in major bacterial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clostridioides difficile, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Accordingly, bacterial trehalose metabolic pathways that are not present in humans have gained traction as targets for antibiotic and diagnostic development. Toward this goal, trehalose can be modified through a combination of rational design and synthesis to produce functionalized trehalose analogues, which can be deployed to probe or inhibit bacterial trehalose metabolism. However, the unique α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond and C2 symmetry of trehalose make analogue synthesis via traditional chemical methods very challenging. We and others have turned to the creation of chemoenzymatic synthesis methods, which in principle allow the use of nature's trehalose-synthesizing enzymes to stereo- and regioselectively couple simple, unprotected substrates to efficiently and conveniently generate trehalose analogues. Here, we provide a contextual account of our team's development of a trehalose analogue synthesis method that employs a highly substrate-tolerant, thermostable trehalose synthase enzyme, TreT from Thermoproteus tenax. Then, in three vignettes, we highlight how chemoenzymatic synthesis has accelerated the development of trehalose-based imaging probes and inhibitors that target trehalose-utilizing bacterial pathogens. We describe the role of TreT catalysis and related methods in the development of (i) tools for in vitro and in vivo imaging of mycobacteria, (ii) anti-biofilm compounds that sensitize drug-tolerant mycobacteria to clinical anti-tubercular compounds, and (iii) degradation-resistant trehalose analogues that block trehalose metabolism in C. difficile and potentially other trehalose-utilizing bacteria. We conclude by recapping progress and discussing priorities for future research in this area, including improving the scope and scale of chemoenzymatic synthesis methods to support translational research and expanding the functionality and applicability of trehalose analogues to study and target diverse bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Kalera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
| | - Alicyn I Stothard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
| | - Peter J Woodruff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Benjamin M Swarts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
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20
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Zhang Y, DeBosch BJ. Microbial and metabolic impacts of trehalose and trehalose analogues. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1475-1482. [PMID: 32329657 PMCID: PMC7524367 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1750273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a disaccharide and fasting-mimetic that has been both canonized and vilified for its putative cardiometabolic and microbial effects. Trehalose analogues are currently under development to extend the key metabolic therapeutic actions of trehalose without adversely affecting host microbial communities. In the current study, we contrast the extent to which trehalose and its degradation-resistant analogue, lactotrehalose (LT), modulate microbial communities and host transcriptomic profiles. We demonstrate that trehalose and LT each exert adaptive metabolic and microbial effects that both overlap and diverge. We postulate that these effects depend both upon compound stability and bioavailability, and on stereospecific signal transduction. In context, the data suggest that trehalose is unlikely to be harmful, and yet it harbors unique effects that are not yet fully replicated by its analogues. These compounds are thus valuable probes to better define trehalose structure-function, and to offer as therapeutic metabolic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J. DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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21
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Abstract
Trehalose is a disaccharide of two D-glucose molecules linked by a glycosidic linkage, which plays both structural and functional roles in bacteria. Trehalose can be synthesized and degraded by several pathways, and induction of trehalose biosynthesis is typically associated with exposure to abiotic stress. The ability of trehalose to protect against abiotic stress has been exploited to stabilize a range of bacterial vaccines. More recently, there has been interest in the role of this molecule in microbial virulence. There is now evidence that trehalose or trehalose derivatives play important roles in virulence of a diverse range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens of animals or plants. Trehalose and/or trehalose derivatives can play important roles in host colonization and growth in the host, and can modulate the interactions with host defense mechanisms. However, the roles are typically pathogen-specific. These findings suggest that trehalose metabolism may be a target for novel pathogen-specific rather than broad spectrum interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthita Vanaporn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard W Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, UK
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