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Zhou S, Lin N, Yu L, Su X, Liu Z, Yu X, Gao H, Lin S, Zeng Y. Single-cell multi-omics in the study of digestive system cancers. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:431-445. [PMID: 38223343 PMCID: PMC10787224 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are prevalent diseases with a high mortality rate, posing a significant threat to public health and economic burden. The diagnosis and treatment of digestive system cancer confront conventional cancer problems, such as tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Single-cell sequencing (SCS) emerged at times required and has developed from single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to the single-cell multi-omics era represented by single-cell spatial transcriptomics (ST). This article comprehensively reviews the advances of single-cell omics technology in the study of digestive system tumors. While analyzing and summarizing the research cases, vital details on the sequencing platform, sample information, sampling method, and key findings are provided. Meanwhile, we summarize the commonly used SCS platforms and their features, as well as the advantages of multi-omics technologies in combination. Finally, the development trends and prospects of the application of single-cell multi-omics technology in digestive system cancer research are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
- The Clinical Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Nanfei Lin
- The Clinical Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liying Yu
- The Clinical Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhenlong Liu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, & Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaowan Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- The Clinical Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Xu H, Luo Y, Li Q, Zhu H. Acupuncture influences multiple diseases by regulating gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1371543. [PMID: 39040602 PMCID: PMC11260648 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture, an important green and side effect-free therapy in traditional Chinese medicine, is widely use both domestically and internationally. Acupuncture can interact with the gut microbiota and influence various diseases, including metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, mental disorders, nervous system diseases, and other diseases. This review presents a thorough analysis of these interactions and their impacts and examines the alterations in the gut microbiota and the potential clinical outcomes following acupuncture intervention to establish a basis for the future utilization of acupuncture in clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingzhe Luo
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaoqi Li
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Miao ZF, Sun JX, Huang XZ, Bai S, Pang MJ, Li JY, Chen HY, Tong QY, Ye SY, Wang XY, Hu XH, Li JY, Zou JW, Xu W, Yang JH, Lu X, Mills JC, Wang ZN. Metaplastic regeneration in the mouse stomach requires a reactive oxygen species pathway. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1175-1191.e7. [PMID: 38521055 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In pyloric metaplasia, mature gastric chief cells reprogram via an evolutionarily conserved process termed paligenosis to re-enter the cell cycle and become spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) following injury to the murine stomach to analyze mechanisms governing paligenosis at high resolution. Injury causes induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) with coordinated changes in mitochondrial activity and cellular metabolism, requiring the transcriptional mitochondrial regulator Ppargc1a (Pgc1α) and ROS regulator Nf2el2 (Nrf2). Loss of the ROS and mitochondrial control in Ppargc1a-/- mice causes the death of paligenotic cells through ferroptosis. Blocking the cystine transporter SLC7A11(xCT), which is critical in lipid radical detoxification through glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), also increases ferroptosis. Finally, we show that PGC1α-mediated ROS and mitochondrial changes also underlie the paligenosis of pancreatic acinar cells. Altogether, the results detail how metabolic and mitochondrial changes are necessary for injury response, regeneration, and metaplasia in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing-Xu Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan-Zhang Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min-Jiao Pang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Han-Yu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi-Yue Tong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi-Yu Ye
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing-Ying Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin-Wei Zou
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun-Hao Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Departments of Pathology & Immunology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 535E Anderson-Jones Building, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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4
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Liu L, Fan XH, Tang XD. Revolutionizing Gastric Cancer Prevention: Novel Insights on Gastric Mucosal Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Chinese Medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3806-5. [PMID: 38676828 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The progression from gastric mucosal inflammation to cancer signifies a pivotal event in the trajectory of gastric cancer (GC) development. Chinese medicine (CM) exhibits unique advantages and holds significant promise in inhibiting carcinogenesis of the gastric mucosa. This review intricately examines the critical pathological events during the transition from gastric mucosal inflammation-cancer transformation (GMICT), with a particular focus on pathological evolution mechanisms of spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM). Moreover, it investigates the pioneering applications and advancements of CM in intervening within the medical research domain of precancerous transformations leading to GC. Furthermore, the analysis extends to major shortcomings and challenges confronted by current research in gastric precancerous lesions, and innovative studies related to CM are presented. We offer a highly succinct yet optimistic outlook on future developmental trends. This paper endeavors to foster a profound understanding of forefront dynamics in GMICT research and scientific implications of modernizing CM. It also introduces a novel perspective for establishing a collaborative secondary prevention system for GC that integrates both Western and Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314100, China
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Liu K, Huang H, Xiong M, Wang Q, Chen X, Feng Y, Ma H, Chen W, Li X, Ye X. IL-33 Accelerates Chronic Atrophic Gastritis through AMPK-ULK1 Axis Mediated Autolysosomal Degradation of GKN1. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2323-2338. [PMID: 38617533 PMCID: PMC11008276 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.93573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a complex disease characterized by atrophy and inflammation in gastric mucosal tissue, especially with high expression of interleukins. However, the interaction and mechanisms between interleukins and gastric mucosal epithelial cells in CAG remain largely elusive. Here, we elucidate that IL-33 stands out as the predominant inflammatory factor in CAG, and its expression is induced by H. pylori and MNNG through the ROS-STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the IL-33/ST2 axis is intricately involved in the progression of CAG. Utilizing phosphoproteomics mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that IL-33 enhances autophagy in gastric epithelial cells through the phosphorylation of AMPK-ULK1 axis. Notably, inhibiting autophagy alleviates CAG severity, while augmentation of autophagy exacerbates the disease. Additionally, ROS scavenging emerges as a promising strategy to ameliorate CAG by reducing IL-33 expression and inhibiting autophagy. Intriguingly, IL-33 stimulation promotes GKN1 degradation through the autolysosomal pathway. Clinically, the combined measurement of IL-33 and GKN1 in serum shows potential as diagnostic markers. Our findings unveil an IL-33-AMPK-ULK1 regulatory mechanism governing GKN1 protein stability in CAG, presenting potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongxia Huang
- Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Mengyuan Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiaojiao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiantao Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yinqiong Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wanqun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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6
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Tong QY, Pang MJ, Hu XH, Huang XZ, Sun JX, Wang XY, Burclaff J, Mills JC, Wang ZN, Miao ZF. Gastric intestinal metaplasia: progress and remaining challenges. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:285-301. [PMID: 38242996 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Most gastric cancers arise in the setting of chronic inflammation which alters gland organization, such that acid-pumping parietal cells are lost, and remaining cells undergo metaplastic change in differentiation patterns. From a basic science perspective, recent progress has been made in understanding how atrophy and initial pyloric metaplasia occur. However, pathologists and cancer biologists have long been focused on the development of intestinal metaplasia patterns in this setting. Arguably, much less progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that lead to the intestinalization seen in chronic atrophic gastritis and pyloric metaplasia. One plausible explanation for this disparity lies in the notable absence of reliable and reproducible small animal models within the field, which would facilitate the investigation of the mechanisms underlying the development of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). This review offers an in-depth exploration of the current state of research in GIM, shedding light on its pivotal role in tumorigenesis. We delve into the histological subtypes of GIM and explore their respective associations with tumor formation. We present the current repertoire of biomarkers utilized to delineate the origins and progression of GIM and provide a comprehensive survey of the available, albeit limited, mouse lines employed for modeling GIM and engage in a discussion regarding potential cell lineages that serve as the origins of GIM. Finally, we expound upon the myriad signaling pathways recognized for their activity in GIM and posit on their potential overlap and interactions that contribute to the ultimate manifestation of the disease phenotype. Through our exhaustive review of the progression from gastric disease to GIM, we aim to establish the groundwork for future research endeavors dedicated to elucidating the etiology of GIM and developing strategies for its prevention and treatment, considering its potential precancerous nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yue Tong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Min-Jiao Pang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan-Zhang Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing-Xu Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Chong Y, Yu D, Lu Z, Nie F. Role and research progress of spasmolytic polypeptide‑expressing metaplasia in gastric cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:33. [PMID: 38299264 PMCID: PMC10836494 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. While the incidence of gastric cancer in Western countries has notably diminished over the past century, it continues to be a leading cause of cancer‑related mortality on a global scale. The majority of gastric cancers in humans are attributed to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and the progression of gastric cancer is often preceded by gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of gastric cancer remain ambiguous, including the formation of gastric polyps and precancerous lesions. In humans, two types of precancerous metaplasia have been identified in relation to gastric malignancies: Intestinal metaplasia and spasmolytic polypeptide‑expressing metaplasia (SPEM). The role of SPEM in the induction of gastric cancer has gained recent attention and its link with early‑stage human gastric cancer is increasingly evident. To gain insight into SPEM, the present study reviewed the role and research progress of SPEM in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Fengsong Nie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
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8
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Yang S, Wang M, Hua Y, Li J, Zheng H, Cui M, Huang N, Liu Q, Liao Q. Advanced insights on tumor-associated macrophages revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing: The intratumor heterogeneity, functional phenotypes, and cellular interactions. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216610. [PMID: 38244910 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an emerging technology used for cellular transcriptome analysis. The application of scRNA-seq has led to profoundly advanced oncology research, continuously optimizing novel therapeutic strategies. Intratumor heterogeneity extensively consists of all tumor components, contributing to different tumor behaviors and treatment responses. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the core immune cells linking innate and adaptive immunity, play significant roles in tumor progression and resistance to therapies. Moreover, dynamic changes occur in TAM phenotypes and functions subject to the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. The heterogeneity of TAMs corresponding to the state of the tumor microenvironment has been comprehensively recognized using scRNA-seq. Herein, we reviewed recent research and summarized variations in TAM phenotypes and functions from a developmental perspective to better understand the significance of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuze Hua
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huaijin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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9
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Adkins-Threats M, Huang YZ, Mills JC. Highlights of how single-cell analyses are illuminating differentiation and disease in the gastric corpus. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G205-G215. [PMID: 38193187 PMCID: PMC11211037 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00164.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful technique to identify novel cell markers, developmental trajectories, and transcriptional changes during cell differentiation and disease onset and progression. In this review, we highlight recent scRNA-seq studies of the gastric corpus in both human and murine systems that have provided insight into gastric organogenesis, identified novel markers for the various gastric lineages during development and in adults, and revealed transcriptional changes during regeneration and tumorigenesis. Overall, by elucidating transcriptional states and fluctuations at the cellular level in healthy and disease contexts, scRNA-seq may lead to better, more personalized clinical treatments for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahliyah Adkins-Threats
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang-Zhe Huang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer and Cell Biology Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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10
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Trinh VQH, Ankenbauer KE, Liu J, Batardiere M, Maurer HC, Copeland C, Wong J, Ben-Levy O, Torbit SM, Jarvis B, Revetta F, Ivanov S, Jyotsana N, Makino Y, Ruelas AM, Means AL, Maitra A, Tan MCB, DelGiorno KE. Oncogenic GNAS drives a gastric pylorus program in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.25.581948. [PMID: 38464029 PMCID: PMC10925208 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs) are cystic lesions and bona fide precursors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recently, we showed that acinar to ductal metaplasia, an injury repair program, is characterized by a transcriptomic program similar to gastric spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia (SPEM), suggesting common mechanisms of reprogramming between the stomach and pancreas. The aims of this study were to assay IPMN for pyloric markers and to identify molecular drivers of this program. DESIGN We analyzed RNA-seq studies of IPMN for pyloric markers, which were validated by immunostaining in patient samples. Cell lines expressing Kras G12D +/- GNAS R201C were manipulated to identify distinct and overlapping transcriptomic programs driven by each oncogene. A PyScenic-based regulon analysis was performed to identify molecular drivers in the pancreas. Expression of candidate drivers was evaluated by RNA-seq and immunostaining. RESULTS Pyloric markers were identified in human IPMN. GNAS R201C drove expression of these markers in cell lines and siRNA targeting of GNAS R201C or Kras G12D demonstrates that GNAS R201C amplifies a mucinous, pyloric phenotype. Regulon analysis identified a role for transcription factors SPDEF, CREB3L1, and CREB3L4, which are expressed in patient samples. siRNA-targeting of Spdef inhibited mucin production. CONCLUSION De novo expression of a SPEM phenotype has been identified in pancreatitis and a pyloric phenotype in Kras G12D -driven PanIN and Kras G12D ;GNAS R201C -driven IPMN, suggesting common mechanisms of reprogramming between these lesions and the stomach. A transition from a SPEM to pyloric phenotype may reflect disease progression and/or oncogenic mutation. IPMN-specific GNAS R201C amplifies a mucinous phenotype, in part, through SPDEF.
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11
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Hong X, Li H, Lin Y, Luo L, Xu W, Kang J, Li J, Huang B, Xu Y, Pan H, Guo S. Efficacy and potential therapeutic mechanism of Weiwei decoction on Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia in Helicobacter pylori-infected and Atp4a-knockout mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117062. [PMID: 37598768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) is characterized by mucus cell morphologies at the base of gastric glands, which is considered advanced SPEM when accompanied with an increase in transcripts associated with intestinal-type gastric cancer. Weiwei decoction (WWD) was modified from "Si-Jun-Zi Tang," which has been used for thousands of years in China against gastric atrophy and metaplasia. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of WWD against advanced SPEM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the constituents of WWD. Five-month-infected Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Sydney strain 1 C57BL/6J mice and 6-week-old ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha-knockout mice (Atp4a-/-) were given folic acid (1.95 mg/kg) or WWD (13.65 g/kg, 27.30 g/kg, 54.60 g/kg) by gavage for one month. RESULTS WWD demonstrated beneficial effects on gastric mucosal pathology and mucus secretion. In H. pylori-infected mice, WWD effectively reduced the expression of GSII and inhibited the mRNA levels of key markers associated with advanced SPEM, including Clu, Cftr, Wfdc2, Dmbt1, and Gpx2. Similarly, in Atp4a-/- mice, WWD significantly decreased the expressions of GSII and Clusterin, and inhibited the mRNA levels of Wfdc2, Cftr, Dmbt1, and Gpx2. Notably, WWD restored the expression of markers for chief cells (PGC, GIF) and parietal cells (ATP4A), particularly in the medium- and high-dose groups, indicating its potential anti-atrophy effect on H. pylori-infected and Atp4a-/- mice. WWD administration resulted in a decline in TFF2 expression to baseline levels, suggesting that the mucous protection mediated by TFF2 was unaffected. Furthermore, the infiltration of CD163+F4/80+ M2 macrophages in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected mice was reduced after WWD treatment, indicating a potential modulatory role of WWD on M2 macrophages. CONCLUSION WWD exerted protective effects against SPEM in H. pylori-infected and Atp4a-/- mice. The optimal doses of WWD were found to be medium doses in H. pylori-infected mice and high doses in Atp4a-/- mice. These effects include inhibition of transcripts associated with intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma, restoration of ATP4A and PGC expression, and reduction of M2 macrophage infiltration. These findings provide valuable insights into the therapeutic effects of WWD on advanced SPEM and highlight its potential as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Hong
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Haiwen Li
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yandan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liuru Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weijun Xu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jianyuan Kang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yifei Xu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shaoju Guo
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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12
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Chen M, Li Y, Li L, Ma Q, Zhou X, Ding F, Mo X, Zhu W, Bian Q, Zou X, Xue F, Yan L, Li X, Chen J. Qi-Zhi-Wei-Tong granules alleviates chronic non-atrophic gastritis in mice by altering the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117304. [PMID: 37838294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine, Qi-zhi-wei-tong granule (QZWT) significantly reduced the major gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms of functional dyspepsia. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of QZWT treated chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) and to elucidate its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The composition of QZWT was analysed by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The CNAG mice model was established by chronic restraint stress (CRS) in combination with iodoacetamide (IAA). Morphological staining was utilized to reveal the impact of QZWT on stomach and gut integrity. RT‒qPCR and ELISA were used to measure proinflammatory cytokines in the stomach, colon tissues and serum of CNAG mice. Next-generation sequencing of 16 S rDNA was applied to analyse the gut microbiota community of faecal samples. Finally, we investigated the faecal bile acid composition using GC‒MS. RESULTS Twenty-one of the compounds from QZWT were successfully identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis. QZWT enhanced gastric and intestinal integrity and suppressed inflammatory responses in CNAG mice. Moreover, QZWT treatment reshaped the gut microbiota structure by increasing the levels of the Akkermansia genus and decreasing the populations of the Desulfovibrio genus in CNAG mice. The alteration of gut microbiota was associated with gut bacteria BA metabolism. In addition, QZWT reduced BAs and especially decreased conjugated BAs in CNAG mice. Spearman's correlation analysis further confirmed the links between the changes in the gut microbiota and CNAG indices. CONCLUSIONS QZWT can effectively inhibited gastrointestinal inflammatory responses of CNAG symptoms in mice; these effects may be closely related to restoring the balance of the gut microbiota and regulating BA metabolism to protect the gastric mucosa. This study provides a scientific reference for the pathogenesis of CNAG and the mechanism of QZWT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fengmin Ding
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Mo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qinglai Bian
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Zou
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Feifei Xue
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Li Yan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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13
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Shuman JHB, Lin AS, Westland MD, Bryant KN, Piazuelo MB, Reyzer ML, Judd AM, McDonald WH, McClain MS, Schey KL, Algood HMS, Cover TL. Remodeling of the gastric environment in Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis. mSystems 2024; 9:e0109823. [PMID: 38059647 PMCID: PMC10805037 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01098-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonization of the human stomach is a strong risk factor for gastric cancer. To investigate H. pylori-induced gastric molecular alterations, we used a Mongolian gerbil model of gastric carcinogenesis. Histologic evaluation revealed varying levels of atrophic gastritis (a premalignant condition characterized by parietal and chief cell loss) in H. pylori-infected animals, and transcriptional profiling revealed a loss of markers for these cell types. We then assessed the spatial distribution and relative abundance of proteins in the gastric tissues using imaging mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. We detected striking differences in the protein content of corpus and antrum tissues. Four hundred ninety-two proteins were preferentially localized to the corpus in uninfected animals. The abundance of 91 of these proteins was reduced in H. pylori-infected corpus tissues exhibiting atrophic gastritis compared with infected corpus tissues exhibiting non-atrophic gastritis or uninfected corpus tissues; these included numerous proteins with metabolic functions. Fifty proteins localized to the corpus in uninfected animals were diffusely delocalized throughout the stomach in infected tissues with atrophic gastritis; these included numerous proteins with roles in protein processing. The corresponding alterations were not detected in animals infected with a H. pylori ∆cagT mutant (lacking Cag type IV secretion system activity). These results indicate that H. pylori can cause loss of proteins normally localized to the gastric corpus as well as diffuse delocalization of corpus-specific proteins, resulting in marked changes in the normal gastric molecular partitioning into distinct corpus and antrum regions.IMPORTANCEA normal stomach is organized into distinct regions known as the corpus and antrum, which have different functions, cell types, and gland architectures. Previous studies have primarily used histologic methods to differentiate these regions and detect H. pylori-induced alterations leading to stomach cancer. In this study, we investigated H. pylori-induced gastric molecular alterations in a Mongolian gerbil model of carcinogenesis. We report the detection of numerous proteins that are preferentially localized to the gastric corpus but not the antrum in a normal stomach. We show that stomachs with H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis (a precancerous condition characterized by the loss of specialized cell types) exhibit marked changes in the abundance and localization of proteins normally localized to the gastric corpus. These results provide new insights into H. pylori-induced gastric molecular alterations that are associated with the development of stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. B. Shuman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aung Soe Lin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mandy D. Westland
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kaeli N. Bryant
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michelle L. Reyzer
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Audra M. Judd
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - W. Hayes McDonald
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark S. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin L. Schey
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Holly M. S. Algood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy L. Cover
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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14
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Loe AKH, Rao-Bhatia A, Wei Z, Kim JE, Guan B, Qin Y, Hong M, Kwak HS, Liu X, Zhang L, Wrana JL, Guo H, Kim TH. YAP targetome reveals activation of SPEM in gastric pre-neoplastic progression and regeneration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113497. [PMID: 38041813 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease caused by environmental factors increases the risk of developing gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. A major type of GC uniquely undergoes spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) followed by intestinal metaplasia. Notably, intestinal-type GC patients with high levels of YAP signaling exhibit a lower survival rate and poor prognosis. YAP overexpression in gastric cells induces atrophy, metaplasia, and hyperproliferation, while its deletion in a Notch-activated gastric adenoma model suppresses them. By defining the YAP targetome genome-wide, we demonstrate that YAP binds to active chromatin elements of SPEM-related genes, which correlates with the activation of their expression in both metaplasia and ulcers. Single-cell analysis combined with our YAP signature reveals that YAP signaling is activated during SPEM, demonstrating YAP as a central regulator of SPEM in gastric neoplasia and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian K H Loe
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Abilasha Rao-Bhatia
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, China
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Bingxin Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Minji Hong
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hyo Sang Kwak
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China.
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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15
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Chen C, Zhao X, Wang H, Xu L, Fu Y, Huang G, Li M, Xu J, Zhang Q, Wang B, Xu G, Wang L, Zou X, Wang S. NNMT enriches for AQP5 + cancer stem cells to drive malignant progression in early gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Gut 2023; 73:63-77. [PMID: 36977555 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (EGCA) is a highly heterogeneous cancer, and the understanding of its classification and malignant progression is limited. This study explored the cellular and molecular heterogeneity in EGCA using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). DESIGN scRNA-seq was conducted on 95 551 cells from endoscopic biopsies of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, well/moderately/poorly differentiated EGCA and their paired adjacent nonmalignant biopsy samples. Large-scale clinical samples and functional experiments were employed. RESULTS Integrative analysis of epithelial cells revealed that chief cells, parietal cells and enteroendocrine cells were rarely detected in the malignant epithelial subpopulation, whereas gland and pit mucous cells and AQP5+ stem cells were predominant during malignant progression. Pseudotime and functional enrichment analyses showed that the WNT and NF-κB signalling pathways were activated during the transition. Cluster analysis of heterogeneous malignant cells revealed that NNMT-mediated nicotinamide metabolism was enriched in gastric mucin phenotype cell population, which was associated with tumour initiation and inflammation-induced angiogenesis. Furthermore, the expression level of NNMT was gradually increased during the malignant progression and associated with poor prognosis in cardia adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, NNMT catalysed the conversion of nicotinamide to 1-methyl nicotinamide via depleting S-adenosyl methionine, which led to a reduction in H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and then activated the WNT signalling pathway to maintain the stemness of AQP5+ stem cells during EGCA malignant progression. CONCLUSION Our study extends the understanding of the heterogeneity of EGCA and identifies a functional NNMT+/AQP5+ population that may drive malignant progression in EGCA and could be used for early diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangding Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Huang
- Center for Global Health, Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Manieri E, Tie G, Malagola E, Seruggia D, Madha S, Maglieri A, Huang K, Fujiwara Y, Zhang K, Orkin SH, Wang TC, He R, McCarthy N, Shivdasani RA. Role of PDGFRA + cells and a CD55 + PDGFRA Lo fraction in the gastric mesenchymal niche. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7978. [PMID: 38042929 PMCID: PMC10693581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PDGFRA-expressing mesenchyme supports intestinal stem cells. Stomach epithelia have related niche dependencies, but their enabling mesenchymal cell populations are unknown, in part because previous studies pooled the gastric antrum and corpus. Our high-resolution imaging, transcriptional profiling, and organoid assays identify regional subpopulations and supportive capacities of purified mouse corpus and antral PDGFRA+ cells. Sub-epithelial PDGFRAHi myofibroblasts are principal sources of BMP ligands and two molecularly distinct pools distribute asymmetrically along antral glands but together fail to support epithelial growth in vitro. In contrast, PDGFRALo CD55+ cells strategically positioned beneath gastric glands promote epithelial expansion in the absence of other cells or factors. This population encompasses a small fraction expressing the BMP antagonist Grem1. Although Grem1+ cell ablation in vivo impairs intestinal stem cells, gastric stem cells are spared, implying that CD55+ cell activity in epithelial self-renewal derives from other subpopulations. Our findings shed light on spatial, molecular, and functional organization of gastric mesenchyme and the spectrum of signaling sources for epithelial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Manieri
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guodong Tie
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Davide Seruggia
- Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Adrianna Maglieri
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Molecular Imaging Core and Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ruiyang He
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Neil McCarthy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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17
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Wang YK, Ran DM, Li YY, Zhu CY, Zhang RB, Jiang B, Wang SN. Histopathological features of glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa during its occurrence and development. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:395. [PMID: 37968594 PMCID: PMC10652481 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the histopathological features of glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of gastric mucosa during its occurrence and development. METHOD We performed detailed histological observation and immunohistochemical examination on the endoscopic biopsy and ESD endoscopic resection specimens of 896 patients with glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of gastric mucosa. The EnVision two-step method was used for immunohistochemical staining, and the slices were incubated with primary antibody CK7, CK20, villin, CDX2, MUC5AC, MUC6, p53 and ki-67. Hematoxylin staining was performed and observed under the microscope and statistically analyzed. RESULTS In the initial stage of glandular atrophy of the lamina propria, the proliferation area of the deep gastric pits, and the isthmus and neck of the gastric glands are characterized by roughly normal structure of the glandular structure, increased mesenchyme, and widened space between glands. Subsequently, the gland becomes smaller in volume and less in number, especially at the base, in the gastric glandular part of the gastric unit. The disease at this stage has higher incidence, and occurs more often in the elderly who account for 64.0% (573/896) of our study group. The disease in this stage may exhibit some lesions that are physiologic (age-related degeneration) while others are pathological. Therefore, this condition is called simple glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa. When the gastric mucosal epithelium is subjected to infection or repeated infections, chemical stimuli, immune factors, and genetic factors, it can lead to the proliferation and transformation of stem cells in the proliferation area of the deep gastric pits, and the isthmus and neck of the gastric glands, forming single ducts, multiple ducts, or a proliferation of patchy cells. Then, atypical hyperplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia) presents, finally leading to gastric adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Understanding the histopathological characteristics of glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of gastric mucosa is of great significance in controlling the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Kun Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518123, China
| | - Dong-Mei Ran
- Department of Pathology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Shenzhen Polytechnic, Xili Lake, Xilihu Town, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chao-Ya Zhu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Shenzhen, 450052, China
| | - Ren-Bing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pathology, No. 990 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Su-Nan Wang
- Shenzhen Polytechnic, Xili Lake, Xilihu Town, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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18
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Baccili Cury Megid T, Farooq AR, Wang X, Elimova E. Gastric Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Novel Targets, and Immunotherapies: From Bench to Clinical Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5075. [PMID: 37894443 PMCID: PMC10605200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a global health concern, ranking fifth in cancer diagnoses and fourth in cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advancements in diagnosis, most cases are detected at advanced stages, resulting in poor outcomes. However, recent breakthroughs in genome analysis have identified biomarkers that hold positive clinical significance for GC treatment. These biomarkers and classifications offer the potential for more precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for GC patients. In this review, we explore the classification and molecular pathways in this disease, highlighting potential biomarkers that have emerged in recent studies including targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These advancements provide a promising direction for improving the management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Elimova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (T.B.C.M.); (A.R.F.); (X.W.)
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19
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O'Brien VP, Kang Y, Shenoy MK, Finak G, Young WC, Dubrulle J, Koch L, Rodriguez Martinez AE, Williams J, Donato E, Batra SK, Yeung CC, Grady WM, Koch MA, Gottardo R, Salama NR. Single-cell Profiling Uncovers a Muc4-Expressing Metaplastic Gastric Cell Type Sustained by Helicobacter pylori-driven Inflammation. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1756-1769. [PMID: 37674528 PMCID: PMC10478791 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms for Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-driven stomach cancer are not fully understood. In a transgenic mouse model of gastric preneoplasia, concomitant Hp infection and induction of constitutively active KRAS (Hp+KRAS+) alters metaplasia phenotypes and elicits greater inflammation than either perturbation alone. Gastric single-cell RNA sequencing showed that Hp+KRAS+ mice had a large population of metaplastic pit cells that expressed the intestinal mucin Muc4 and the growth factor amphiregulin. Flow cytometry and IHC-based immune profiling revealed that metaplastic pit cells were associated with macrophage and T-cell inflammation. Accordingly, expansion of metaplastic pit cells was prevented by gastric immunosuppression and reversed by antibiotic eradication of Hp. Finally, MUC4 expression was significantly associated with proliferation in human gastric cancer samples. These studies identify an Hp-associated metaplastic pit cell lineage, also found in human gastric cancer tissues, whose expansion is driven by Hp-dependent inflammation. Significance Using a mouse model, we have delineated metaplastic pit cells as a precancerous cell type whose expansion requires Hp-driven inflammation. In humans, metaplastic pit cells show enhanced proliferation as well as enrichment in precancer and early cancer tissues, highlighting an early step in the gastric metaplasia to cancer cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie P. O'Brien
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yuqi Kang
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Meera K. Shenoy
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - William C. Young
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julien Dubrulle
- Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa Koch
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jeffery Williams
- Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth Donato
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Cecilia C.S. Yeung
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - William M. Grady
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Meghan A. Koch
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nina R. Salama
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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20
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Wang X, Hong F, Li H, Wang Y, Zhang M, Lin S, Liang H, Zhou H, Liu Y, Chen YG. Cross-species single-cell transcriptomic analysis of animal gastric antrum reveals intense porcine mucosal immunity. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:27. [PMID: 37525021 PMCID: PMC10390400 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of the stomach, gastric antrum secretes gastrin which can regulate acid secretion and gastric emptying. Although most cell types in the gastric antrum are identified, the comparison of cell composition and gene expression in the gastric antrum among different species are not explored. In this study, we collected antrum epithelial tissues from human, pig, rat and mouse for scRNA-seq and compared cell types and gene expression among species. In pig antral epithelium, we identified a novel cell cluster, which is marked by high expression of AQP5, F3, CLCA1 and RRAD. We also discovered that the porcine antral epithelium has stronger immune function than the other species. Further analysis revealed that this may be due to the insufficient function of porcine immune cells. Together, our results replenish the information of multiple species of gastric antral epithelium at the single cell level and provide resources for understanding the homeostasis maintenance and regeneration of gastric antrum epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fan Hong
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Haonan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Mengxian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shibo Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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21
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Xu Y, Walduck AK, Pan H. Editorial: The pathogenesis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori-induced diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1219503. [PMID: 37469603 PMCID: PMC10352097 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1219503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anna K. Walduck
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Abstract
SUMMARY In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Nowicki-Osuch and colleagues perform an extensive characterization and analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data of the tubal gastrointestinal system, including a spectrum of inflammatory conditions and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach and esophagus. They show that both gastric and esophageal intestinal metaplasia share similarities at the transcript and protein levels. Interestingly, they show that individual cells within areas of metaplasia can coexpress transcriptional programs of both gastric and intestinal epithelia. See related article by Nowicki-Osuch et al., 1346 (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Stachler
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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23
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Willet SG, Thanintorn N, McNeill H, Huh SH, Ornitz DM, Huh WJ, Hoft SG, DiPaolo RJ, Mills JC. SOX9 Governs Gastric Mucous Neck Cell Identity and Is Required for Injury-Induced Metaplasia. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:325-339. [PMID: 37270061 PMCID: PMC10444955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute and chronic gastric injury induces alterations in differentiation within the corpus of the stomach called pyloric metaplasia. Pyloric metaplasia is characterized by the death of parietal cells and reprogramming of mitotically quiescent zymogenic chief cells into proliferative, mucin-rich spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Overall, pyloric metaplastic units show increased proliferation and specific expansion of mucous lineages, both by proliferation of normal mucous neck cells and recruitment of SPEM cells. Here, we identify Sox9 as a potential gene of interest in the regulation of mucous neck and SPEM cell identity in the stomach. METHODS We used immunostaining and electron microscopy to characterize the expression pattern of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) during murine gastric development, homeostasis, and injury in homeostasis, after genetic deletion of Sox9 and after targeted genetic misexpression of Sox9 in the gastric epithelium and chief cells. RESULTS SOX9 is expressed in all early gastric progenitors and strongly expressed in mature mucous neck cells with minor expression in the other principal gastric lineages during adult homeostasis. After injury, strong SOX9 expression was induced in the neck and base of corpus units in SPEM cells. Adult corpus units derived from Sox9-deficient gastric progenitors lacked normal mucous neck cells. Misexpression of Sox9 during postnatal development and adult homeostasis expanded mucous gene expression throughout corpus units including within the chief cell zone in the base. Sox9 deletion specifically in chief cells blunts their reprogramming into SPEM. CONCLUSIONS Sox9 is a master regulator of mucous neck cell differentiation during gastric development. Sox9 also is required for chief cells to fully reprogram into SPEM after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer G Willet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Nattapon Thanintorn
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Helen McNeill
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sung-Ho Huh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Won Jae Huh
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stella G Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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24
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Deng G, Zhang X, Chen Y, Liang S, Liu S, Yu Z, Lü M. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals heterogeneity of gastric cancer: progress and prospects. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1074268. [PMID: 37305583 PMCID: PMC10249727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1074268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most serious malignant tumor and threatens the health of people worldwide. Its heterogeneity leaves many clinical problems unsolved. To treat it effectively, we need to explore its heterogeneity. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing, or single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), reveals the complex biological composition and molecular characteristics of gastric cancer at the level of individual cells, which provides a new perspective for understanding the heterogeneity of gastric cancer. In this review, we first introduce the current procedure of scRNA-seq, and discuss the advantages and limitations of scRNA-seq. We then elaborate on the research carried out with scRNA-seq in gastric cancer in recent years, and describe how it reveals cell heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment, oncogenesis and metastasis, as well as drug response in to gastric cancer, to facilitate early diagnosis, individualized therapy, and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohua Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonglan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sicheng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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25
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Huebner AJ, Gorelov RA, Deviatiiarov R, Demharter S, Kull T, Walsh RM, Taylor MS, Steiger S, Mullen JT, Kharchenko PV, Hochedlinger K. Dissection of gastric homeostasis in vivo facilitates permanent capture of isthmus-like stem cells in vitro. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:390-403. [PMID: 36717627 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The glandular stomach is composed of two regenerative compartments termed corpus and antrum, and our understanding of the transcriptional networks that maintain these tissues is incomplete. Here we show that cell types with equivalent functional roles in the corpus and antrum share similar transcriptional states including the poorly characterized stem cells of the isthmus region. To further study the isthmus, we developed a monolayer two-dimensional (2D) culture system that is continually maintained by Wnt-responsive isthmus-like cells capable of differentiating into several gastric cell types. Importantly, 2D cultures can be converted into conventional three-dimensional organoids, modelling the plasticity of gastric epithelial cells in vivo. Finally, we utilized the 2D culture system to show that Sox2 is both necessary and sufficient to generate enterochromaffin cells. Together, our data provide important insights into gastric homeostasis, establish a tractable culture system to capture isthmus cells and uncover a role for Sox2 in enterochromaffin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Huebner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gorelov
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Feberal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Samuel Demharter
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Kull
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Walsh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marty S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Steiger
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John T Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- San Diego Institute, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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26
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Amalia R, Panenggak NSR, Doohan D, Rezkitha YAA, Waskito LA, Syam AF, Lubis M, Yamaoka Y, Miftahussurur M. A comprehensive evaluation of an animal model for Helicobacter pylori-associated stomach cancer: Fact and controversy. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12943. [PMID: 36627714 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Even though Helicobacter pylori infection was the most causative factor of gastric cancer, numerous in vivo studies failed to induce gastric cancer using H. pylori infection only. The utilization of established animal studies in cancer research is crucial as they aim to investigate the coincidental association between suspected oncogenes and pathogenesis as well as generate models for the development and testing of potential treatments. The methods to establish gastric cancer using infected animal models remain limited, diverse in methods, and showed different results. This study investigates the differences in animal models, which highlight different pathological results in gaster by literature research. Electronic databases searched were performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane, without a period filter. A total of 135 articles were used in this study after a full-text assessment was conducted. The most frequent animal models used for gastric cancer were Mice, while Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice were the most susceptible model for gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. Additionally, transgenic mice showed that the susceptibility to gastric cancer progression was due to genetic and epigenetic factors. These studies showed that in Mongolian gerbil models, H. pylori could function as a single agent to trigger stomach cancer. However, most gastric cancer susceptibilities were not solely relying on H. pylori infection, and numerous factors are involved in cancer progression. Further study using Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice is crucial to conduct and establish the best models for gastric cancer associated H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Amalia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nur Syahadati Retno Panenggak
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dalla Doohan
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Langgeng Agung Waskito
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Masrul Lubis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, Houston, USA
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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27
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Zhang X, Wang YC, Liu CJ. Application of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:48-55. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer death. With the development of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, the research on GC has gradually developed from the histopathological level to the transcriptional level. In this paper, we discuss the principle of scRNA-seq technology and its application in GC research, including the transcriptional characteristics and origin of GC precancerous lesions, intratumor heterogeneity of primary tumors, tumor microenvironment, and metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China,Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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28
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Liu L, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Liu J, Wang F, Wang P, Tang X. Global knowledge mapping and emerging trends in research between spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia and gastric carcinogenesis: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1108378. [PMID: 36776551 PMCID: PMC9912936 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spasmolytic polypeptide expression metaplasia (SPEM) occurs in the corpus of the stomach and is closely related to inflammations caused by H. pylori infection. Recently, SPEM was suggested as one of the dubious precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (GC). Thus, further research on SPEM cell transdifferentiation and its underlying mechanisms could facilitate the development of new molecular targets improving the therapeutics of GC. Using bibliometrics, we analyzed publications, summarized the research hotspots and provided references for scientific researchers engaged in related research fields. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for publications related to SPEM-GC from 2002 to 2022. The VOSviewer, SCImago, CiteSpace and R software were used to visualize and analyze the data. Gene targets identified in the keyword list were analyzed for functional enrichment using the KEGG and GO databases. Results Of the 292 articles identified in the initial search, we observed a stable trend in SPEM-GC research but rapid growth in the number of citations. The United States was the leader in terms of quality publications and international cooperation among them. The total number of articles published by Chinese scholars was second to the United States. Additionally, despite its low centrality and average citation frequency, China has become one of the world's most dynamic countries in academics. In terms of productivity, Vanderbilt University was identified as the most productive institution. Further, we also observed that Gastroenterology was the highest co-cited journal, and Goldenring Jr. was the most prolific author with the largest centrality. Conclusion SPEM could serve as an initial step in diagnosing gastric precancerous lesions. Current hotspots and frontiers of research include SPEM cell lineage differentiation, interaction with H. pylori, disturbances of the mucosal microenvironment, biomarkers, clinical diagnosis and outcomes of SPEM, as well as the development of proliferative SPEM animal models. However, further research and collaboration are still required. The findings presented in this study can be used as reference for the research status of SPEM-GC and determine new directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xudong Tang,
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29
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Das KK, Brown JW. 3'-sulfated Lewis A/C: An oncofetal epitope associated with metaplastic and oncogenic plasticity of the gastrointestinal foregut. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1089028. [PMID: 36866273 PMCID: PMC9971977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1089028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer arise from normal epithelia via a plastic cellular transformation, typically in the setting of chronic inflammation. Such transformations are the focus of numerous studies that strive to identify the changes in RNA/Protein expression that drive such plasticity along with the contributions from the mesenchyme and immune cells. However, despite being widely utilized clinically as biomarkers for such transitions, the role of glycosylation epitopes is understudied in this context. Here, we explore 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C, a clinically validated biomarker for high-risk metaplasia and cancer throughout the gastrointestinal foregut: esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. We discuss the clinical correlation of sulfomucin expression with metaplastic and oncogenic transformation, as well as its synthesis, intracellular and extracellular receptors and suggest potential roles for 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C in contributing to and maintaining these malignant cellular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik K Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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30
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Wizenty J, Sigal M. Gastric Stem Cell Biology and Helicobacter pylori Infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:1-24. [PMID: 38231213 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa and persists lifelong. An interactive network between the bacteria and host cells shapes a unique microbial niche within gastric glands that alters epithelial behavior, leading to pathologies such as chronic gastritis and eventually gastric cancer. Gland colonization by the bacterium initiates aberrant trajectories by inducing long-term inflammatory and regenerative gland responses, which involve various specialized epithelial and stromal cells. Recent studies using cell lineage tracing, organoids and scRNA-seq techniques have significantly advanced our knowledge of the molecular "identity" of epithelial and stromal cell subtypes during normal homeostasis and upon infection, and revealed the principles that underly stem cell (niche) behavior under homeostatic conditions as well as upon H. pylori infection. The activation of long-lived stem cells deep in the gastric glands has emerged as a key prerequisite of H. pylori-associated gastric site-specific pathologies such as hyperplasia in the antrum, and atrophy or metaplasia in the corpus, that are considered premalignant lesions. In addition to altering the behaviour of bona fide stem cells, injury-driven de-differentiation and trans-differentation programs, such as "paligenosis", subsequently allow highly specialized secretory cells to re-acquire stem cell functions, driving gland regeneration. This plastic regenerative capacity of gastric glands is required to maintain homeostasis and repair mucosal injuries. However, these processes are co-opted in the context of stepwise malignant transformation in chronic H. pylori infection, causing the emergence, selection and expansion of cancer-promoting stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wizenty
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Relationships of tumor differentiation and immune infiltration in gastric cancers revealed by single-cell RNA-seq analyses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:57. [PMID: 36729271 PMCID: PMC9894979 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancers are highly heterogeneous malignant tumors. To reveal the relationship between differentiation status of cancer cells and tumor immune microenvironments in gastric cancer, single-cell RNA-sequencing was performed on normal mucosa tissue, differentiated gastric cancer (DGC) tissue, poorly differentiated gastric cancer (PDGC) tissue and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) tissue sampled from surgically resected gastric cancer specimens. We identified the signature genes for both DGC and PDGC, and found that signature genes of PDGC strongly enriched in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Furthermore, we found that DGC tends to be immune-rich type whereas PDGC tends to be immune-poor type defined according to the density of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Additionally, interferon alpha and gamma responding genes were specifically expressed in the immune-rich malignant cells compared with immune-poor malignant cells. Through analyzing the mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, we identified intermediate state malignant cells during the trans-differentiation process from DGC to NEC, which showed double-negative expressions of both DGC marker genes and NEC marker genes. Interferon-related pathways were gradually downregulated along the DGC to NEC trans-differentiation path, which was accompanied by reduced CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. In summary, molecular features of both malignant cells and immune microenvironment cells of DGC, PDGC and NEC were systematically revealed, which may partially explain the strong tumor heterogeneities of gastric cancer. Especially along the DGC to NEC trans-differentiation path, immune-evasion was gradually enhanced with the decreasing activities of interferon pathway responses in malignant cells.
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32
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Wang J, Du L, Chen X. Oncolytic virus: A catalyst for the treatment of gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1017692. [PMID: 36505792 PMCID: PMC9731121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1017692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of incidence and mortality for 36 cancers in 185 countries produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), GC ranks fifth and fourth, respectively, and seriously threatens the survival and health of people all over the world. Therefore, how to effectively treat GC has become an urgent problem for medical personnel and scientific workers at this stage. Due to the unobvious early symptoms and the influence of some adverse factors such as tumor heterogeneity and low immunogenicity, patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) cannot benefit significantly from treatments such as radical surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. As an emerging cancer immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapies (OVTs) can not only selectively lyse cancer cells, but also induce a systemic antitumor immune response. This unique ability to turn unresponsive 'cold' tumors into responsive 'hot' tumors gives them great potential in GC therapy. This review integrates most experimental studies and clinical trials of various oncolytic viruses (OVs) in the diagnosis and treatment of GC. It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). At the end of the article, some prospects are put forward to determine the developmental directions of OVTs for GC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- School of the 1st Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xiangjian Chen, ; Linyong Du,
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- School of the 1st Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xiangjian Chen, ; Linyong Du,
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33
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Takabayashi H, Ji T, Peng L, Li X, Shinohara M, Mao M, Eaton KA, Shah YM, Todisco A. Regulation of Parietal Cell Homeostasis by Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 2:221-231. [PMID: 39132621 PMCID: PMC11307507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Loss of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the stomach, achieved by transgenic expression of the BMP inhibitor noggin (H + /K + -Nog mice), causes parietal cell (PC) loss, spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia, a marker of preneoplasia, and activation of cell proliferation. We examined if specific inhibition of BMP signaling in PCs leads to aberrations in epithelial homeostasis. Methods Mice with floxed alleles of BMP receptor 1a (Bmpr1a flox/flox mice) were crossed to H + /K + -Cre mice to generate H + /K + -Cre;Bmpr1a flox/flox mice. Morphology of the mucosa was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Distribution of H+/K+-ATPase-, IF-, and Ki-67-positive cells was analyzed by immunostaining. Expression of pit and neck cell mucins was determined by staining with the lectins Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin 1 and Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin II, respectively. Isolation of PCs from control and Nog-expressing mice was achieved by crossing H + /K + -Nog mice to Rosa26-tdTomato (Tom) mice to generate H + /K + -Nog;Rosa26-tdTom mice. H + /K + -Cre mice were then crossed to H + /K + -Nog;Rosa26-tdTom mice to generate H + /K + -Cre;H + /K + -Nog;Rosa26-tdTom mice. Tom-labeled PCs were purified by flow cytometry. Changes in PC transcripts were measured by RNA-Seq. Results Six-month-old H + /K + -Cre;Bmpr1a flox/flox mice exhibited increased epithelial cell proliferation, presence of transitional cells showing colocalization of IF with both Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin II-binding mucins and the H+/K+-ATPase, and expansion of Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin 1-positive cells. PC transcripts from Nog-expressing mice demonstrated induction of markers of Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia. Conclusion PC-specific loss of BMP signaling alters the homeostasis of the gastric epithelium leading to the development of metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Takabayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tuo Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Masahiko Shinohara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kathryn A. Eaton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrea Todisco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Tian Q, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu K, Zeng Q, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen ZS, He Y. Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:358. [PMID: 36209270 PMCID: PMC9547882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianlin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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35
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Adkins-Threats M, Mills JC. Cell plasticity in regeneration in the stomach and beyond. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101948. [PMID: 35809361 PMCID: PMC10378711 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies using cell lineage-tracing techniques, organoids, and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses have revealed: 1) adult organs use cell plasticity programs to recruit progenitor cells to regenerate tissues after injury, and 2) plasticity is far more common than previously thought, even in homeostasis. Here, we focus on the complex interplay of normal stem cell differentiation and plasticity in homeostasis and after injury, using the gastric epithelium as a touchstone. We also examine common features of regenerative programs and discuss the evolutionarily conserved, stepwise process of paligenosis which reprograms mature cells into progenitors that can repair damaged tissue. Finally, we discuss how conserved plasticity programs may help us better understand pathological processes like metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahliyah Adkins-Threats
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, USA. https://twitter.com/@madkinsthreats
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
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36
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Hoft SG, Pherson MD, DiPaolo RJ. Discovering Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of Gastric Carcinogenesis Through Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902017. [PMID: 35757757 PMCID: PMC9231461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) technology is still relatively new in the field of gastric cancer immunology but gaining significant traction. This technology now provides unprecedented insights into the intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneities at the immunological, cellular, and molecular levels. Within the last few years, a volume of publications reported the usefulness of scRNAseq technology in identifying thus far elusive immunological mechanisms that may promote and impede gastric cancer development. These studies analyzed datasets generated from primary human gastric cancer tissues, metastatic ascites fluid from gastric cancer patients, and laboratory-generated data from in vitro and in vivo models of gastric diseases. In this review, we overview the exciting findings from scRNAseq datasets that uncovered the role of critical immune cells, including T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, mast cells, ILC2s, and other inflammatory stromal cells, like fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In addition, we also provide a synopsis of the initial scRNAseq findings on the interesting epithelial cell responses to inflammation. In summary, these new studies have implicated roles for T and B cells and subsets like NKT cells in tumor development and progression. The current studies identified diverse subsets of macrophages and mast cells in the tumor microenvironment, however, additional studies to determine their roles in promoting cancer growth are needed. Some groups specifically focus on the less prevalent ILC2 cell type that may contribute to early cancer development. ScRNAseq analysis also reveals that stromal cells, e.g., fibroblasts and endothelial cells, regulate inflammation and promote metastasis, making them key targets for future investigations. While evaluating the outcomes, we also highlight the gaps in the current findings and provide an assessment of what this technology holds for gastric cancer research in the coming years. With scRNAseq technology expanding rapidly, we stress the need for periodic review of the findings and assess the available scRNAseq analytical tools to guide future work on immunological mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella G Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michelle D Pherson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Genomics Core Facility, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Xie Z, Li J, Huang P, Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu K, Jiang Y. Applications and Achievements of Single-Cell Sequencing in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905571. [PMID: 35785171 PMCID: PMC9245065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer represents a public health concern that seriously endangers human health. The emerging single-cell sequencing (SCS) technologies are different from the large-scale sequencing technologies which provide inaccurate data. SCS is a powerful tool for deciphering the single-cell resolutions of cellular and molecular landscapes, revealing the features of single-cell genomes, transcriptomes, and epigenomes. Recently, SCS has been applied in the field of gastrointestinal cancer research for clarifying the origin and heterogeneity of gastrointestinal cancer, acquiring micro-environmental information, and improving diagnostic and treatment methods. This review outlines the applications of SCS in gastrointestinal cancer research and summarizes the most recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenliang Xie
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pu Huang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingkuan Yang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Basic Medicine Sciences Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
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Puri P, Grimmett G, Faraj R, Gibson L, Gilbreath E, Yoder BK. Elevated Protein Kinase A Activity in Stomach Mesenchyme Disrupts Mesenchymal-epithelial Crosstalk and Induces Preneoplasia. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:643-668.e1. [PMID: 35690337 PMCID: PMC9421585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk (MEC) in the stomach is executed by pathways such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Mis-regulation of MEC disrupts gastric homeostasis and causes tumorigenesis. Protein Kinase A (PKA) crosstalks with BMP and ERK signaling; however, PKA function(s) in stomach development and homeostasis remains undefined. METHODS We generated a novel Six2-Cre+/-PKAcαRfl/wt (CA-PKA) mouse in which expression of constitutive-active PKAcαR was induced in gastric mesenchyme progenitors. Lineage tracing determined spatiotemporal activity of Six2-Cre in the stomach. For phenotyping CA-PKA mice histological, co-immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, mRNA sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses were performed. RESULTS Lineage tracing showed that Six2-Cre activity in the stomach is restricted to the mesenchymal compartment. CA-PKA mice showed disruption of gastric homeostasis characterized by aberrant mucosal development and epithelial hyperproliferation; ultimately developing multiple features of gastric corpus preneoplasia including decreased parietal cells, mucous cell hyperplasia, spasmolytic peptide expressing metaplasia with intestinal characteristics, and dysplastic and invasive cystic glands. Furthermore, mutant corpus showed marked chronic inflammation characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells along with the upregulation of innate and adaptive immune system components. Striking upregulation of inflammatory mediators and STAT3 activation was observed. Mechanistically, we determined there is an activation of ERK1/2 and downregulation of BMP/SMAD signaling characterized by marked upregulation of BMP inhibitor gremlin 1. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel role of PKA signaling in gastric MEC execution and show that PKA activation in the gastric mesenchyme drives preneoplasia by creating a proinflammatory and proproliferative microenvironment associated with the downregulation of BMP/SMAD signaling and activation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee, Alabama,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Pawan Puri, DVM, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine, A310 Patterson Hall, Tuskegee, AL 36088; tel. (334) 724-4486; fax: (334) 727-8177.
| | - Garfield Grimmett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Rawah Faraj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Laurielle Gibson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Ebony Gilbreath
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
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Morphogen Signals Shaping the Gastric Glands in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073632. [PMID: 35408991 PMCID: PMC8998987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult gastric mucosa is characterised by deep invaginations of the epithelium called glands. These tissue architectural elements are maintained with the contribution of morphogen signals. Morphogens are expressed in specific areas of the tissue, and their diffusion generates gradients in the microenvironment. Cells at different positions in the gland sense a specific combination of signals that instruct them to differentiate, proliferate, regenerate, or migrate. Differentiated cells perform specific functions involved in digestion, such as the production of protective mucus and the secretion of digestive enzymes or gastric acid. Biopsies from gastric precancerous conditions usually display tissue aberrations and change the shape of the glands. Alteration of the morphogen signalling microenvironment is likely to underlie those conditions. Furthermore, genes involved in morphogen signalling pathways are found to be frequently mutated in gastric cancer. We summarise the most recent findings regarding alterations of morphogen signalling during gastric carcinogenesis, and we highlight the new stem cell technologies that are improving our understanding of the regulation of human tissue shape.
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Huang W, Yau Y, Zhu J, Wang Y, Dai Z, Gan H, Qian L, Yang Z. Effect of Electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) on Intestinal Microbiota in Rats With Chronic Atrophic Gastritis. Front Genet 2022; 13:824739. [PMID: 35281809 PMCID: PMC8906781 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.824739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Electroacupuncture is a common treatment for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in China. We aimed to determine the effects of electroacupuncture at zusanli (ST36) on intestinal microbiota in CAG rats. Methods: In total, 42 SD rats were randomly divided into normal (NC, 10 rats) and model (MG, 32 rats) groups. Rats in the MG group were established as CAG disease models. After that, the rats in the MG group were randomly divided into CAG (10 rats), electroacupuncture (EA, 10 rats), and Vitacoenzyme (Vit, 10 rats) groups. Rats in the NC and CAG groups were subjected to a 30-min/d confinement for 4 weeks. Rats in the EA group were given electroacupuncture at zusanli for 30 min/d for 4 weeks. Rats in the Vit group were given Vitacoenzyme solution 10 ml/(kg d) for 4 weeks. Histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the gene expression level of p53, Bcl-2, and c-myc was determined using the qPCR method. The 16S rDNA sequencing technique was used to determine structural changes and relative abundance expression of intestinal flora. Results: Compared with the NC group, gastric mucosal pathology in the CAG group revealed significant inflammatory infiltration, and the gastric mucosal lesions in the electroacupuncture group were improved remarkably; the expression of p53 and c-myc genes in the CAG group increased (p < 0.05), while the expression of Bcl-2 genes decreased (p < 0.05) in the EA group, that of p53 and c-myc genes decreased (p < 0.05), and that of Bcl-2 genes increased (p < 0.05). The abundance of bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Desulfobacterota, and Bacteroides pectinophilus group in the CAG group increased (p < 0.05), while that of bacteria such as Gastranaerophilales, Romboutsia, and Blautia decreased (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Desulfobacterota and Helicobacter in the EA group decreased (p < 0.05), while that of probiotic bacteria such as Oscillospirales, Romboutsia, and Christensenellaceae increased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at zusanli can promote the repair of pathological damage to the gastric mucosa in rats with CAG, and the mechanism might relate to the reduction in the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, increase in the relative abundance of intestinal probiotics, and regulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Huang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuenming Yau
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingru Zhu
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Dai
- Physical Education College, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China
| | - Huijuan Gan
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linchao Qian
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zongbao Yang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Zhang T, Zhang B, Tian W, Ma X, Wang F, Wang P, Wei Y, Liu L, Tang X. A Bibliometric Analysis of Atrophic Gastritis From 2011 to 2021. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:843395. [PMID: 35252276 PMCID: PMC8891522 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.843395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atrophic gastritis (AG), which is characterized by a decreased number or disappearance of the glandular structures and secretory dysfunction, is linked to chronically inflamed stomach. It has been estimated that the annual incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is 0.1% for patients with AG. Early eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can reduce the risk of GC development. Additionally, the follow-up and management of AG are necessary to prevent GC. Exploring novel methods of the automatized analysis of data for apprehending knowledge in any medical field is encouraged, especially when a body of literature suggests the necessity of doing so. Accordingly, herein, we aim to systematically review the current foci and status of AG research using bibliometric analysis. Methods Articles and reviews related to AG published from 2011 to 2021 in the Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved. Microsoft Office Excel 2019 and GraphPad Prism were used to show the annual number of publications and scientific productivity of authors through time. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to generate network maps about the collaborations among countries, institutions, and authors as well as reveal hotspots of AG research. The relationships among the author's keywords, cited references, and the top authors were summarized by a Sankey plot (three-fields plot). Results A total of 1,432 publications were included in the present study. China remained the most productive country, with the highest number of publications (377, 26.32%). Vanderbilt University contributed the most publications of any single institution (56, 3.91%). James R Goldenring was the most active and influential scholar, with the highest number of publications and greatest centrality. The most prolific journal in this field was World Journal of Gastroenterology (62, 4.32%). Gastroenterology (997, 69.62%) was the most co-cited journal. Exploring the origin of gastric metaplasia, especially spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) was a major topic in AG research. Conclusions This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive analysis of the scientific progress of AG over the past decade. Metaplasia is a hot topic and could be a promising area of research in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beihua Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Tian
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxue Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Tang
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Jiang H, Yu D, Yang P, Guo R, Kong M, Gao Y, Yu X, Lu X, Fan X. Revealing the transcriptional heterogeneity of organ-specific metastasis in human gastric cancer using single-cell RNA Sequencing. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e730. [PMID: 35184420 PMCID: PMC8858624 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering intra- and inter-tumoural heterogeneity is essential for understanding the biology of gastric cancer (GC) and its metastasis and identifying effective therapeutic targets. However, the characteristics of different organ-tropism metastases of GC are largely unknown. METHODS Ten fresh human tissue samples from six patients, including primary tumour and adjacent non-tumoural samples and six metastases from different organs or tissues (liver, peritoneum, ovary, lymph node) were evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing. Validation experiments were performed using histological assays and bulk transcriptomic datasets. RESULTS Malignant epithelial subclusters associated with invasion features, intraperitoneal metastasis propensity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-induced tumour stem cell phenotypes, or dormancy-like characteristics were discovered. High expression of the first three subcluster-associated genes displayed worse overall survival than those with low expression in a GC cohort containing 407 samples. Immune and stromal cells exhibited cellular heterogeneity and created a pro-tumoural and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, a 20-gene signature of lymph node-derived exhausted CD8+ T cells was acquired to forecast lymph node metastasis and validated in GC cohorts. Additionally, although anti-NKG2A (KLRC1) antibody have not been used to treat GC patients even in clinical trials, we uncovered not only malignant tumour cells but one endothelial subcluster, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, T cell-like B cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils may contribute to HLA-E-KLRC1/KLRC2 interaction with cytotoxic/exhausted CD8+ T cells and/or natural killer (NK) cells, suggesting novel clinical therapeutic opportunities in GC. Additionally, our findings suggested that PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells might predict clinical responses to PD-1 blockade therapy in GC. CONCLUSIONS This study provided insights into heterogeneous microenvironment of GC primary tumours and organ-specific metastases and provide support for precise diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Jiang
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Dingyi Yu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Penghui Yang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rongfang Guo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Gastro‐Intestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineInnovation Center in Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineInnovation Center in Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
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Goldenring JR, Mills JC. Cellular Plasticity, Reprogramming, and Regeneration: Metaplasia in the Stomach and Beyond. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:415-430. [PMID: 34728185 PMCID: PMC8792220 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mucosa of the body of the stomach (ie, the gastric corpus) uses 2 overlapping, depth-dependent mechanisms to respond to injury. Superficial injury heals via surface cells with histopathologic changes like foveolar hyperplasia. Deeper, usually chronic, injury/inflammation, most frequently induced by the carcinogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori, elicits glandular histopathologic alterations, initially manifesting as pyloric (also known as pseudopyloric) metaplasia. In this pyloric metaplasia, corpus glands become antrum (pylorus)-like with loss of acid-secreting parietal cells (atrophic gastritis), expansion of foveolar cells, and reprogramming of digestive enzyme-secreting chief cells into deep antral gland-like mucous cells. After acute parietal cell loss, chief cells can reprogram through an orderly stepwise progression (paligenosis) initiated by interleukin-13-secreting innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). First, massive lysosomal activation helps mitigate reactive oxygen species and remove damaged organelles. Second, mucus and wound-healing proteins (eg, TFF2) and other transcriptional alterations are induced, at which point the reprogrammed chief cells are recognized as mucus-secreting spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia cells. In chronic severe injury, glands with pyloric metaplasia can harbor both actively proliferating spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia cells and eventually intestine-like cells. Gastric glands with such lineage confusion (mixed incomplete intestinal metaplasia and proliferative spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia) may be at particular risk for progression to dysplasia and cancer. A pyloric-like pattern of metaplasia after injury also occurs in other gastrointestinal organs including esophagus, pancreas, and intestines, and the paligenosis program itself seems broadly conserved across tissues and species. Here we discuss aspects of metaplasia in stomach, incorporating data derived from animal models and work on human cells and tissues in correlation with diagnostic and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Goldenring
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality. Pioneering genomic studies, focusing largely on primary GCs, revealed driver alterations in genes such as ERBB2, FGFR2, TP53 and ARID1A as well as multiple molecular subtypes. However, clinical efforts targeting these alterations have produced variable results, hampered by complex co-alteration patterns in molecular profiles and intra-patient genomic heterogeneity. In this Review, we highlight foundational and translational advances in dissecting the genomic cartography of GC, including non-coding variants, epigenomic aberrations and transcriptomic alterations, and describe how these alterations interplay with environmental influences, germline factors and the tumour microenvironment. Mapping of these alterations over the GC life cycle in normal gastric tissues, metaplasia, primary carcinoma and distant metastasis will improve our understanding of biological mechanisms driving GC development and promoting cancer hallmarks. On the translational front, integrative genomic approaches are identifying diverse mechanisms of GC therapy resistance and emerging preclinical targets, enabled by technologies such as single-cell sequencing and liquid biopsies. Validating these insights will require specifically designed GC cohorts, converging multi-modal genomic data with longitudinal data on therapeutic challenges and patient outcomes. Genomic findings from these studies will facilitate 'next-generation' clinical initiatives in GC precision oncology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Douchi D, Yamamura A, Matsuo J, Lee JW, Nuttonmanit N, Melissa Lim YH, Suda K, Shimura M, Chen S, Pang S, Kohu K, Kaneko M, Kiyonari H, Kaneda A, Yoshida H, Taniuchi I, Osato M, Yang H, Unno M, Bok-Yan So J, Yeoh KG, Huey Chuang LS, Bae SC, Ito Y. A Point Mutation R122C in RUNX3 Promotes the Expansion of Isthmus Stem Cells and Inhibits Their Differentiation in the Stomach. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1317-1345. [PMID: 35074568 PMCID: PMC8933847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS RUNX transcription factors play pivotal roles in embryonic development and neoplasia. We previously identified the single missense mutation R122C in RUNX3 from human gastric cancer. However, how RUNX3R122C mutation disrupts stem cell homeostasis and promotes gastric carcinogenesis remained unclear. METHODS To understand the oncogenic nature of this mutation in vivo, we generated the RUNX3R122C knock-in mice. Stomach tissues were harvested, followed by histologic and immunofluorescence staining, organoid culture, flow cytometry to isolate gastric corpus isthmus and nonisthmus epithelial cells, and RNA extraction for transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS The corpus tissue of RUNX3R122C/R122C homozygous mice showed a precancerous phenotype such as spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia. We observed mucous neck cell hyperplasia; massive reduction of pit, parietal, and chief cell populations; as well as a dramatic increase in the number of rapidly proliferating isthmus stem/progenitor cells in the corpus of RUNX3R122C/R122C mice. Transcriptomic analyses of the isolated epithelial cells showed that the cell-cycle-related MYC target gene signature was enriched in the corpus epithelial cells of RUNX3R122C/R122C mice compared with the wild-type corpus. Mechanistically, RUNX3R122C mutant protein disrupted the regulation of the restriction point where cells decide to enter either a proliferative or quiescent state, thereby driving stem cell expansion and limiting the ability of cells to terminally differentiate. CONCLUSIONS RUNX3R122C missense mutation is associated with the continuous cycling of isthmus stem/progenitor cells, maturation arrest, and development of a precancerous state. This work highlights the importance of RUNX3 in the prevention of metaplasia and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Douchi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamura
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Napat Nuttonmanit
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Hui Melissa Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kazuto Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shimura
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sabirah Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - ShuChin Pang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kazuyoshi Kohu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- YCI Laboratory for Immunological Transcriptomics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jimmy Bok-Yan So
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Sáenz JB. Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia's Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:741574. [PMID: 34869328 PMCID: PMC8633114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human stomach functions as both a digestive and innate immune organ. Its main product, acid, rapidly breaks down ingested products and equally serves as a highly effective microbial filter. The gastric epithelium has evolved mechanisms to appropriately handle the myriad of injurious substances, both exogenous and endogenous, to maintain the epithelial barrier and restore homeostasis. The most significant chronic insult that the stomach must face is Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a stomach-adapted bacterium that can colonize the stomach and induce chronic inflammatory and pre-neoplastic changes. The progression from chronic inflammation to dysplasia relies on the decades-long interplay between this oncobacterium and its gastric host. This review summarizes the functional and molecular regionalization of the stomach at homeostasis and details how chronic inflammation can lead to characteristic alterations in these developmental demarcations, both at the topographic and glandular levels. More importantly, this review illustrates our current understanding of the epithelial mechanisms that underlie the pre-malignant gastric landscape, how Hp adapts to and exploits these changes, and the clinical implications of identifying these changes in order to stratify patients at risk of developing gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- José B Sáenz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Hagen SJ. Mucosal defense: gastroduodenal injury and repair mechanisms. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021; 37:609-614. [PMID: 34475337 PMCID: PMC8511296 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mucosal barrier serves as a primary interface between the environment and host. In daily life, superficial injury to the gastric or duodenal mucosa occurs regularly but heals rapidly by a process called 'restitution'. Persistent injury to the gastroduodenal mucosa also occurs but initiates a regenerative lesion with specific wound healing mechanisms that attempt to repair barrier function. If not healed, these lesions can be the site of neoplasia development in a chronic inflammatory setting. This review summarizes the past year of advances in understanding mucosal repair in the gastroduodenal mucosa, which occurs as a defense mechanism against injury. RECENT FINDINGS Organoids are an emerging new tool that allows for the correlation of in vivo and in vitro models; organoids represent an important reductionist model to probe specific aspects of injury and repair mechanisms that are limited to epithelial cells. Additionally, proof-of-concept studies show that machine learning algorithms may ultimately assist with identifying novel, targetable pathways to pursue in therapeutic interventions. Gut-on-chip technology and single cell RNA-sequencing contributed to new understanding of gastroduodenal regenerative lesions after injury by identifying networks and interactions that are involved in the repair process. SUMMARY Recent updates provide new possibilities for identifying novel molecular targets for the treatment of acute and superficial mucosal injury, mucosal regeneration, and regenerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Hagen
- Department of Surgery
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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Noto CN, Hoft SG, Bockerstett KA, Jackson NM, Ford EL, Vest LS, DiPaolo RJ. IL13 Acts Directly on Gastric Epithelial Cells to Promote Metaplasia Development During Chronic Gastritis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:623-642. [PMID: 34587523 PMCID: PMC8715193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is well established that chronic inflammation promotes gastric cancer-associated metaplasia, but little is known regarding the mechanisms by which immune cells and cytokines regulate metaplastic cellular changes. The goals of this study were to identify interleukin 13 (IL13)-producing immune cells, determine the gastric epithelial cell response(s) to IL13, and establish the role(s) of IL13 in metaplasia development. METHODS Experiments used an established mouse model of autoimmune gastritis (TxA23), TxA23×Il4ra-/- mice, which develop gastritis but do not express the IL4/IL13-receptor subunit IL4Rα, and TxA23×Il13-Yfp mice, which express yellow fluorescent protein in IL13-producing cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure IL13 secretion and identify IL13-producing immune cells. Mouse and human gastric organoids were cultured with IL13 to determine epithelial cell response(s) to IL13. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on gastric epithelial cells from healthy and inflamed mouse stomachs. Mice with gastritis were administered IL13-neutralizing antibodies and stomachs were analyzed by histopathology and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We identified 6 unique subsets of IL13-producing immune cells in the inflamed stomach. Organoid cultures showed that IL13 acts directly on gastric epithelium to induce a metaplastic phenotype. IL4Rα-deficient mice did not progress to metaplasia. Single-cell RNA sequencing determined that gastric epithelial cells from IL4Rα-deficient mice up-regulated inflammatory genes but failed to up-regulate metaplasia-associated transcripts. Neutralization of IL13 significantly reduced and reversed metaplasia development in mice with gastritis. CONCLUSIONS IL13 is made by a variety of immune cell subsets during chronic gastritis and promotes gastric cancer-associated metaplastic epithelial cell changes. Neutralization of IL13 reduces metaplasia severity during chronic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Noto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stella G Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin A Bockerstett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicholas M Jackson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric L Ford
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Luke S Vest
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Up-regulation of Aquaporin 5 Defines Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia and Progression to Incomplete Intestinal Metaplasia. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:199-217. [PMID: 34455107 PMCID: PMC8593616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metaplasia in the stomach is highly associated with development of intestinal-type gastric cancer. Two types of metaplasias, spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) and intestinal metaplasia (IM), are considered precancerous lesions. However, it remains unclear how SPEM and IM are related. Here we investigated a new lineage-specific marker for SPEM cells, aquaporin 5 (AQP5), to assist in the identification of these 2 metaplasias. METHODS Drug- or Helicobacter felis (H felis) infection-induced mouse models were used to identify the expression pattern of AQP5 in acute or chronic SPEM. Gene-manipulated mice treated with or without drug were used to investigate how AQP5 expression is regulated in metaplastic lesions. Metaplastic samples from transgenic mice and human gastric cancer patients were evaluated for AQP5 expression. Immunostaining with lineage-specific markers was used to differentiate metaplastic gland characteristics. RESULTS Our results revealed that AQP5 is a novel lineage-specific marker for SPEM cells that are localized at the base of metaplastic glands initially and expand to dominate glands after chronic H felis infection. In addition, AQP5 expression was up-regulated early in chief cell reprogramming and was promoted by interleukin 13. In humans, metaplastic corpus showed highly branched structures with AQP5-positive SPEM. Human SPEM cells strongly expressing AQP5 were present at the bases of incomplete IM glands marked by TROP2 but were absent from complete IM glands. CONCLUSIONS AQP5-expressing SPEM cells are present in pyloric metaplasia and TROP2-positive incomplete IM and may be an important component of metaplasia that can predict a higher risk for gastric cancer development.
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