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Fu X, Li X, Wang W, Li J. DPP3 promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis by stabilizing FASN and promoting lipid synthesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:805-818. [PMID: 38655619 PMCID: PMC11177116 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
DPP3, a dipeptidyl peptidase, participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes. DPP3 is upregulated in cancer and might serve as a key factor in the tumorigenesis and progression of various malignancies. However, its specific role and molecular mechanism are still unknown. In this study, the expression of DPP3 in breast cancer tissues is analyzed using TCGA database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis is performed to estimate the effect of DPP3 on the survival outcomes. To explore the biological function and mechanisms of DPP3 in breast cancer, biochemical and cell biology assays are conducted in vitro. DPP3 expresses at a higher level in breast cancer tissues than that in adjacent tissues in both TCGA database and clinical samples. Patients with high expression of DPP3 have poor survival outcomes. The proliferation and migration abilities of tumor cells with stable DPP3 knockout in breast cancer cell lines are significantly inhibited, and apoptosis is increased in vitro. GSEA analysis shows that DPP3 can affect lipid metabolism and fatty acid synthesis in tumors. Subsequent experiments show that DPP3 could stabilize FASN expression and thus promote fatty acid synthesis in tumor cells. The results of the metabolomic analysis also confirm that DPP3 can affect the content of free fatty acids. This study demonstrates that DPP3 plays a role in the reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. These findings will provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
- Department of General SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
| | - Xu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
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2
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Seo J, Yun J, Fukuda J, Chun YS. Tumor-intrinsic FABP5 is a novel driver for colon cancer cell growth via the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Cancer Genet 2021; 258-259:151-156. [PMID: 34775260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional lipid metabolism is a known cause of cancer development and progression, yet little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrate that fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) is elevated in colon cancer tissue and this increased expression is linked to upregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. Under physiologically in vivo mimicked conditions via a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based three-dimensional (3D) culture chip, FABP5-knockdown colon cancer cells exhibited attenuated cell growth throughout the culture period. FABP5 was found to regulate HIF-1α protein levels and gene expression levels within the HIF-1α signaling pathway under hypoxic conditions. Our results provide evidence that supports the use of FABP5 as a prognostic factor in colon cancer. The FABP5/HIF-1α axis is a promising target for ameliorating fatty acid-triggered cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - JeongEun Yun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Junji Fukuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yang-Sook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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3
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Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst K, Kearney J, Knutsen HK, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Titz A, Turck D. Statement on additional scientific evidence in relation to the essential composition of total diet replacement for weight control. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06494. [PMID: 33889217 PMCID: PMC8048769 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to revise the Opinion on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control (TDRs) regarding the minimum content of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and the maximum content of magnesium (Mg). Through a comprehensive literature search, human studies were retrieved reporting on LA and ALA concentrations in adipose tissue (AT), on weight loss and gallstone formation following TDR consumption and on diarrhoea after supplemental Mg intake. The distribution of the amount of LA and ALA release from AT during weight loss when consuming TDRs was estimated using statistical simulations. Using the fifth percentile, the coverage of the adequate intake (AI) for both FA was estimated. For the risk of developing diarrhoea when consuming TDRs with an Mg content of 350 mg/day, four cross-over studies using 360-368 mg Mg/day were reviewed. The Panel concludes that (1) there is no need to add LA to TDRs, as the amount released from AT during weight loss when consuming TDRs is sufficient to cover the AI for LA; (2) a minimum of 0.8 g/day ALA is needed in TDRs in order to meet the AI for ALA; (3) the minimum fat content of TDRs of 20 g/day as derived in the Panel's previous opinion is proposed to be maintained until the availability of further evidence, given the considerable uncertainty as to the amount of fat required for reducing the risk of gallstone formation; and (4) the likelihood that Mg-induced diarrhoea occurs at a severity that may be considered of concern for overweight and obese individuals consuming TDRs is low when the total maximum Mg content in TDRs is 350 mg/day.
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Bilodeau JF, Gevariya N, Larose J, Robitaille K, Roy J, Oger C, Galano JM, Bergeron A, Durand T, Fradet Y, Julien P, Fradet V. Long chain omega-3 fatty acids and their oxidized metabolites are associated with reduced prostate tumor growth. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 164:102215. [PMID: 33276284 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer has been associated with increased oxidative stress and deregulation of bioactive oxylipins derived from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) like arachidonic acid (AA). There is a debate whether ω-3 LC-PUFA could promote or prevent prostate tumor growth through immune modulation and reduction of oxidative stress. Our aim was to study the association between enzymatically or non-enzymatically produced oxidized-LC-PUFA metabolites and tumor growth in an immune-competent eugonadal and castrated C57BL/6 male mice injected with TRAMP-C2 prostate tumor cells, fed with ω-3 or ω-6 LC-PUFA-rich diets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor fatty acids were profiled by gas chromatography and 26 metabolites derived from either AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The enriched ω-3 diet did not reduce oxidative stress overall in tumors but favored the formation of ω-3 rather than ω-6 derived isoprostanoids. We discovered that EPA and its oxidized-derivatives like F3-isoprostanes and prostaglandin (PG)F3α, were inversely correlated with tumor volume (spearman correlations and T-test, p<0.05). In contrast, F2-isoprostanes, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPAω-6) and PGE2 were positively correlated with tumor volume. Interestingly, F4-neuroprostanes, PGD2, PGF2α, and thromboxane were specifically increased in TRAMP-C2 tumors of castrated mice compared to those of eugonadal mice. DISCUSSION Decreasing tumor growth under ω-3 diet could be attributed in part to increased levels of EPA and its oxidized-derivatives, a reduced level of pro-angiogenic PGE2 and increased levels of F4-neuroprostanes and resolvins content in tumors, suspected of having anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bilodeau
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nikunj Gevariya
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Larose
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Roy
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS) et Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Canada.
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Nam M, Seo SS, Jung S, Jang SY, Lee J, Kwon M, Khan I, Ryu DH, Kim MK, Hwang GS. Comparable Plasma Lipid Changes in Patients with High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Patients with Cervical Cancer. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:740-750. [PMID: 33241689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer among women worldwide and usually develops from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In the present study, we compared alterations in lipids associated with high-grade CIN and cervical cancer with those associated with a normal status and low-grade CIN by performing global lipid profiling on plasma (66 healthy controls and 55 patients with CIN1, 44 with CIN2/3, and 60 with cervical cancer) using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We identified 246 lipids and found 31 lipids with similar alterations in both high-grade CIN and cervical cancer. Among these 31 lipids, four lipid classes (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diglyceride, and free fatty acids) were identified as the major lipid classes with significant differences in the patients with CIN2/3 and cervical cancer compared to the healthy controls and the patients with CIN1. Lipid metabolites belonging to the same classes were positively correlated with each other. High-grade CIN and cervical cancer induce comparable changes in lipid levels, which are closely related to the development of cervical tumors. These results suggest that lipid profiling is a useful method for monitoring progression to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Nam
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Seo
- Center for Uterine Cancer, National Cancer Center, Madu-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seo Young Jang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Minji Kwon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Madu-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Madu-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Madu-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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6
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Dybos SA, Brustad ÅW, Rolfseng T, Kvam S, Olsen OE, Halgunset J, Skogseth H. RNA-Integrity and 8-Isoprostane Levels Are Stable in Prostate Tissue Samples Upon Long-Term Storage at -80°C. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 19:2-10. [PMID: 32865438 PMCID: PMC7892308 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2019.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sampling of prostate tissue (n = 97) was performed in conjunction with planned radical prostatectomies, in collaboration with Biobank1®. The tissue used in this study was collected during the period 2003-2016, quickly frozen, and kept at -80°C until assayed in 2018. RNA extraction was performed with two different protocols (miRNeasy and mirVana™), and RNA quality was determined by measuring the RNA Integrity Number (RIN). The level of isoprostanes is widely recognized as a specific indicator of lipid peroxidation both in vitro and in vivo. The level of 8-isoprostane was measured because it is the main oxidation product of arachidonic acid, the most abundant phospholipid fatty acid. The level of 8-isoprostane was measured using enzyme immunoassay. There was no statistically significant difference in yield between the samples isolated with the mirVana protocol compared to the miRNeasy protocol. Average RIN was 2.8 units higher with the mirVana extraction protocol compared to the miRNeasy protocol (p < 0.001). For miRNeasy extractions, RINs were 7.1 for prostatectomies in 2005-2007 and 6.2 for those in 2018 (p < 0.001). For mirVana extractions, the difference in RIN score between the two groups regarding years of collection was not statistically significant. There was no significant increase in the levels of 8-isoprostane between the 2005-2007 samples and the 2018. The conclusion is that there is no oxidation of phospholipids with increasing storage time up to 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amalie Dybos
- Department of Research and Development, Biobank1, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åge Winje Brustad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toril Rolfseng
- Department of Research and Development, Biobank1, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solveig Kvam
- Department of Research and Development, Biobank1, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oddrun Elise Olsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jostein Halgunset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Haakon Skogseth
- Department of Research and Development, Biobank1, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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7
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Shen L, Du Y, Wei N, Li Q, Li S, Sun T, Xu S, Wang H, Man X, Han B. SERS studies on normal epithelial and cancer cells derived from clinical breast cancer specimens. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118364. [PMID: 32361317 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy of single-cell suspensions obtained from fresh specimens of breast cancer tissue and normal breast tissue by mechanical enzymatic digestion was obtained and analysed, which is different from most Raman studies using breast cancer cell lines. Random forest classification was implemented to develop effective diagnostic algorithms for the classification of SERS of different typed cells. We first examined the SERS spectra of the primary breast cancer single cell and normal epithelial single cell obtained by flow sorting cytometry due to their biomarkers of CD326+/CD45-. Comparison analyses on their SERS spectra disclose that the nucleic acid and protein levels of the primary breast cancer single cell are higher than those of the normal epithelial single cell, while the lipids are at a relatively lower level. An important finding is that the cholesterol, palmitic acid, and sphingomyelin in the cancer cell profiles exhibit stronger than those of normal cells, while the glycans are at a relatively lower level. Furthermore, the standard deviation (SD) of the normal epithelial single cell is larger than that of the breast cancer cell, and the SD of the primary breast cancer single cell is more obvious than that of the normal epithelial cells. In addition, the prospective application of an algorithm to the dataset results in an accuracy of 78.2%, a precision of 75.5%, and a recall of 66.7%. The breast cancer diagnostic model laid a solid foundation for judgment of breast-conserving surgical margins and early diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiShengNan Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Na Wei
- Third Operating Room, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 13000, Jilin, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - SiMin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - TianMeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - XiaXia Man
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China.
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8
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Miladinovic D, Cusick T, Mahon KL, Haynes AM, Cortie CH, Meyer BJ, Stricker PD, Wittert GA, Butler LM, Horvath LG, Hoy AJ. Assessment of Periprostatic and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Adipocyte Size from Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061385. [PMID: 32481537 PMCID: PMC7352157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), the thickness of which has been associated with more aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). There are limited data regarding the functional characteristics of PPAT, how it compares to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and whether in a setting of localized PCa, these traits are altered by obesity or disease aggressiveness. PPAT and SAT were collected from 60 men (age: 42–78 years, BMI: 21.3–35.6 kg/m2) undergoing total prostatectomy for PCa. Compared to SAT, adipocytes in PPAT were smaller, had the same basal rates of fatty acid release (lipolysis) yet released less polyunsaturated fatty acid species, and were more sensitive to isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. Basal lipolysis of PPAT was increased in men diagnosed with less aggressive PCa (Gleason score (GS) ≤ 3 + 4) compared to men with more aggressive PCa (GS ≥ 4 + 3) but no other measured adipocyte parameters related to PCa aggressiveness. Likewise, there was no difference in PPAT lipid biology between lean and obese men. In conclusion, lipid biological features of PPAT do differ from SAT; however, we did not observe any meaningful difference in ex vivo PPAT biology that is associated with PCa aggressiveness or obesity. As such, our findings do not support a relationship between altered PCa behavior in obese men and the metabolic reprogramming of PPAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan Miladinovic
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
| | - Thomas Cusick
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Kate L. Mahon
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Haynes
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Colin H. Cortie
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; (C.H.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Illawarra Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; (C.H.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Illawarra Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Phillip D. Stricker
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Prostate Cancer Centre, St. Vincent’s Clinic, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia 5000, Australia; (G.A.W.); (L.M.B.)
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia 5000, Australia; (G.A.W.); (L.M.B.)
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Grzesiak K, Rył A, Stachowska E, Słojewski M, Rotter I, Ratajczak W, Sipak O, Piasecka M, Dołęgowska B, Laszczyńska M. The Relationship between Eicosanoid Levels and Serum Levels of Metabolic and Hormonal Parameters Depending on the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16061006. [PMID: 30897712 PMCID: PMC6466351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of our investigation was to analyze the relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators (HETE, HODE) and the levels of selected metabolic and hormonal parameters in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with regard to concomitant metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: The study involved 151 men with BPH. Blood samples were taken for laboratory analysis of the serum levels of metabolic and hormonal parameters. Gas chromatography was performed using an Agilent Technologies 7890A GC System. Results: We found that waist circumference was the only parameter related to the levels of fatty acids, namely: 13(S)-HODE, 9(S)-HODE, 15(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE, and 5-HETE. In the patients with BPH and MetS, triglycerides correlated with 9(S)-HODE, 15(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE, and 5-HETE, which was not observed in the patients without MetS. Similarly, total cholesterol correlated with 9(S)-HODE, and 15(S)-HETE in the patients with BPH and MetS, but not in those without MetS. In the group of BPH patients with MetS, total testosterone positively correlated with 13(S)-HODE, and free testosterone with 9(S)-HODE. Conclusions: Based on this study, it can be concluded that lipid mediators of inflammation can influence the levels of biochemical and hormonal parameters, depending on the presence of MetS in BPH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grzesiak
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24, Szczecin 71-460, Poland.
| | - Marcin Słojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, Szczecin 70-111, Poland.
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Weronika Ratajczak
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Olimpia Sipak
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Piasecka
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, Szczecin 70-111, Poland.
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
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Grzesiak K, Rył A, Ratajczak W, Stachowska E, Rotter I, Słojewski M, Sipak O, Walczakiewicz K, Laszczyńska M. Influence of metabolic syndrome on the relationship between fatty acids and the selected parameters in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:1524-1536. [PMID: 30867336 PMCID: PMC6428091 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our investigation was to analyze the relationship between the serum levels of fatty acids and their metabolites and the levels of the selected metabolic and hormonal parameters in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with regard to concomitant metabolic syndrome (MetS). We determined serum concentrations of total (TT) and free testosterone (FT), insulin (I), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), luteinizing hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Gas chromatography was performed. The patients differed in terms of hormone levels, but only the differences in SHBG and IGF-1 levels were statistically significant. Analysis of the levels of polysaturated fatty acids in BPH patients showed that MetS contributed to changes in the levels of these acids. We also analyzed the relationship between the levels of fatty acids and diagnostic parameters for MetS. Particular abnormalities were associated with single changes in the levels of fatty acids. In the diabetic patients, changes in the levels of pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid were demonstrated. Our findings indicate the necessity for further investigation concerning the levels of fatty acids and their impact on the development of MetS, as well as the course and clinical picture of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grzesiak
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Weronika Ratajczak
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Marcin Słojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
| | - Olimpia Sipak
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Kinga Walczakiewicz
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
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11
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Rezende LP, Galheigo MRU, Landim BC, Cruz AR, Botelho FV, Zanon RG, Góes RM, Ribeiro DL. Effect of glucose and palmitate environment on proliferation and migration of PC3‐prostate cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:373-383. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Prometti Rezende
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Maria Raquel Unterkircher Galheigo
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Breno Costa Landim
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | | | - Renata Graciele Zanon
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact SciencesState University of São Paulo—UNESPSão PauloBrazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
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12
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Gevariya N, Besançon M, Robitaille K, Picard V, Diabaté L, Alesawi A, Julien P, Fradet Y, Bergeron A, Fradet V. Omega-3 fatty acids decrease prostate cancer progression associated with an anti-tumor immune response in eugonadal and castrated mice. Prostate 2019; 79:9-20. [PMID: 30073695 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest effects of dietary fat on prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Targeting omega (ω)-3:ω6 fatty acids (FA) ratio could be beneficial against PCa by favorably modulating inflammation. Here, we studied the effects of ω3- and ω6-enriched diets on prostate tumor growth and inflammatory response in androgen-deprived and non-deprived conditions. METHODS Immune-competent eugonadal and castrated C57BL/6 mice were injected with TRAMP-C2 prostate tumor cells and daily fed with ω3- or ω6-enriched diet. FA and cytokine profiles were measured in blood and tumors using gas chromatography and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. Immune cell infiltration in tumors was profiled by multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS ω3-enriched diet decreased prostate TRAMP-C2 tumor growth in immune-competent eugonadal and castrated mice. Cytokines associated with Th1 immune response (IL-12 [p70], IFN-γ, GM-CSF) and eosinophil recruitment (eotaxin-1, IL-5, and IL-13) were significantly elevated in tumors of ω3-fed mice. Using in vitro experiments, we confirmed ω3 FA-induced eotaxin-1 secretion by tumor cells and that eotaxin-1 secretion was regulated by androgens. Analysis of immune cell infiltrating tumors showed no major difference of immune cells' abundance between ω3- and ω6-enriched diets. CONCLUSIONS ω3-enriched diet reduces prostate tumor growth independently of androgen levels. ω3 FA can inhibit tumor cell growth and induce a local anti-tumor inflammatory response. These findings warrant further examination of dietary ω3's potential to slow down the progression of androgen-sensitive and castrate-resistant PCa by modulating immune cell function in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Gevariya
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjorie Besançon
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Picard
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lamoussa Diabaté
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anwar Alesawi
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval-CHUL, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Omega-3 PUFA Loaded in Resveratrol-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Properties and Antineoplastic Activities in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020586. [PMID: 29462928 PMCID: PMC5855808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies are being investigated to ameliorate the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of the drugs currently used in colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies in the Western world. Data have been accumulated demonstrating that the antineoplastic therapies with either conventional or single-targeted drugs could take advantage from a combined treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA). These nutrients, shown to be safe at the dosage generally used in human trials, are able to modulate molecules involved in colon cancer cell growth and survival. They have also the potential to act against inflammation, which plays a critical role in CRC development, and to increase the anti-cancer immune response. In the present study, omega-3 PUFA were encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) having a lipid matrix containing resveratrol esterified to stearic acid. Our aim was to increase the efficiency of the incorporation of these fatty acids into the cells and prevent their peroxidation and degradation. The Resveratrol-based SLN were characterized and investigated for their antioxidant activity. It was observed that the encapsulation of omega-3 PUFA into the SLN enhanced significantly their incorporation in human HT-29 CRC cells in vitro, and their growth inhibitory effects in these cancer cells, mainly by reducing cell proliferation.
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14
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Frigolet ME, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. The Role of the Novel Lipokine Palmitoleic Acid in Health and Disease. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:173S-181S. [PMID: 28096141 PMCID: PMC5227969 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleate (palmitoleic acid) is one of the most abundant fatty acids in serum and tissues, particularly adipose tissue and liver. Its endogenous production by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gives rise to its cis isoform, cis-palmitoleate. Although trans-palmitoleate is also synthesized in humans, it is mainly found as an exogenous source in ruminant fat and dairy products. Recently, palmitoleate was considered to be a lipokine based on evidence demonstrating its release from adipose tissue and its metabolic effects on distant organs. After this finding, research has been performed to determine whether palmitoleate has beneficial effects on metabolism and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the current status of knowledge about palmitoleate, its metabolism, and its influence on metabolic abnormalities. Results have shown mixed cardiovascular effects, direct or inverse correlations with obesity, and hepatosteatosis, but a significant amelioration or prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes. Finally, the induction of palmitoleate release from adipose tissue, dietary intake, and its supplementation are all interventions with a potential impact on certain metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Frigolet
- Metabolic Diseases: Obesity and Diabetes Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Metabolic Diseases: Obesity and Diabetes Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Chkourko Gusky H, Diedrich J, MacDougald OA, Podgorski I. Omentum and bone marrow: how adipocyte-rich organs create tumour microenvironments conducive for metastatic progression. Obes Rev 2016; 17:1015-1029. [PMID: 27432523 PMCID: PMC5056818 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A number of clinical studies have linked adiposity with increased cancer incidence, progression and metastasis, and adipose tissue is now being credited with both systemic and local effects on tumour development and survival. Adipocytes, a major component of benign adipose tissue, represent a significant source of lipids, cytokines and adipokines, and their presence in the tumour microenvironment substantially affects cellular trafficking, signalling and metabolism. Cancers that have a high predisposition to metastasize to the adipocyte-rich host organs are likely to be particularly affected by the presence of adipocytes. Although our understanding of how adipocytes influence tumour progression has grown significantly over the last several years, the mechanisms by which adipocytes regulate the metastatic niche are not well-understood. In this review, we focus on the omentum, a visceral white adipose tissue depot, and the bone, a depot for marrow adipose tissue, as two distinct adipocyte-rich organs that share common characteristic: they are both sites of significant metastatic growth. We highlight major differences in origin and function of each of these adipose depots and reveal potential common characteristics that make them environments that are attractive and conducive to secondary tumour growth. Special attention is given to how omental and marrow adipocytes modulate the tumour microenvironment by promoting angiogenesis, affecting immune cells and altering metabolism to support growth and survival of metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chkourko Gusky
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - J Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - O A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - I Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Cottet V, Vaysse C, Scherrer ML, Ortega-Deballon P, Lakkis Z, Delhorme JB, Deguelte-Lardière S, Combe N, Bonithon-Kopp C. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and colorectal cancer: a case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:192-201. [PMID: 25527763 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike experimental results, epidemiologic studies that used dietary questionnaires were not convincing as regards the relations between dietary fatty acids (FAs) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The FA composition of adipose tissue, which is considered to be an indicator of dietary intake over 2-3 y because of the slow turnover rate, appears promising but has so far been rarely used to explore the relation between CRC and exogenous or endogenously produced FAs. OBJECTIVE In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate associations between risk of CRC and the FA composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue and product-to-precursor ratios as indexes of enzymatic activities. DESIGN From 2008 to 2011, we recruited 203 cases with newly diagnosed CRC and elective surgery with a curative intent and 223 control subjects with planned abdominal surgery for benign disease and no history of CRC or polyp resection. During surgery, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were optimally collected, stored, and analyzed by using high-performance gas chromatography. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate ORs for CRC in relation to individual FAs divided into tertiles according to the FA distribution in controls. RESULTS After adjustment, significant positive associations with CRC risk were observed in highest compared with lowest tertiles of 16:1n-9 (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.06; P-trend = 0.045), 20:3n-6 (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.17; P-trend = 0.038), 22:5n-3 (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.12; P-trend = 0.023), and the ratio of 18:2n-6 to 18:3n-3 (OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.37, 3.98; P-trend = 0.001). Significant inverse associations were observed for 18:3n-3 (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.81; P-trend = 0.007). Several product-to-precursor ratios showed significant differences between cases and controls in particular ratios that reflected elongase 2/5 activity. CONCLUSIONS CRC patients presented higher concentrations of some FAs but lower concentrations of α-linolenic acid in their subcutaneous adipose tissue than did controls. These results may reflect both dietary patterns and altered FA metabolism but require mechanistic explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cottet
- From the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche 866 (VC and CB-K) and INSERM CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Team (CB-K), Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France; the Institut des Corps Gras-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Talence, France (CV and NC); the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (M-LS); the Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology (PO-D), University Hospital of Dijon (VC and CB-K), Dijon, France; the Department of General, Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France (ZL); the Department Of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France (J-BD); and the Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France (SD-L)
| | - Carole Vaysse
- From the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche 866 (VC and CB-K) and INSERM CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Team (CB-K), Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France; the Institut des Corps Gras-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Talence, France (CV and NC); the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (M-LS); the Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology (PO-D), University Hospital of Dijon (VC and CB-K), Dijon, France; the Department of General, Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France (ZL); the Department Of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France (J-BD); and the Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France (SD-L)
| | - Marie-Lorraine Scherrer
- From the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche 866 (VC and CB-K) and INSERM CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Team (CB-K), Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France; the Institut des Corps Gras-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Talence, France (CV and NC); the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (M-LS); the Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology (PO-D), University Hospital of Dijon (VC and CB-K), Dijon, France; the Department of General, Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France (ZL); the Department Of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France (J-BD); and the Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France (SD-L)
| | - Pablo Ortega-Deballon
- From the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche 866 (VC and CB-K) and INSERM CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Team (CB-K), Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France; the Institut des Corps Gras-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Talence, France (CV and NC); the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (M-LS); the Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology (PO-D), University Hospital of Dijon (VC and CB-K), Dijon, France; the Department of General, Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France (ZL); the Department Of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France (J-BD); and the Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France (SD-L)
| | - Zaher Lakkis
- From the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche 866 (VC and CB-K) and INSERM CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Team (CB-K), Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France; the Institut des Corps Gras-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Talence, France (CV and NC); the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (M-LS); the Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology (PO-D), University Hospital of Dijon (VC and CB-K), Dijon, France; the Department of General, Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France (ZL); the Department Of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France (J-BD); and the Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France (SD-L)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Delhorme
- From the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche 866 (VC and CB-K) and INSERM CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Team (CB-K), Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France; the Institut des Corps Gras-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Talence, France (CV and NC); the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (M-LS); the Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology (PO-D), University Hospital of Dijon (VC and CB-K), Dijon, France; the Department of General, Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France (ZL); the Department Of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France (J-BD); and the Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France (SD-L)
| | - Sophie Deguelte-Lardière
- From the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche 866 (VC and CB-K) and INSERM CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Team (CB-K), Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France; the Institut des Corps Gras-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Talence, France (CV and NC); the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (M-LS); the Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology (PO-D), University Hospital of Dijon (VC and CB-K), Dijon, France; the Department of General, Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France (ZL); the Department Of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France (J-BD); and the Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France (SD-L)
| | - Nicole Combe
- From the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche 866 (VC and CB-K) and INSERM CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Team (CB-K), Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France; the Institut des Corps Gras-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Talence, France (CV and NC); the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (M-LS); the Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology (PO-D), University Hospital of Dijon (VC and CB-K), Dijon, France; the Department of General, Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France (ZL); the Department Of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France (J-BD); and the Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France (SD-L)
| | - Claire Bonithon-Kopp
- From the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche 866 (VC and CB-K) and INSERM CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Team (CB-K), Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France; the Institut des Corps Gras-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Talence, France (CV and NC); the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (M-LS); the Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology (PO-D), University Hospital of Dijon (VC and CB-K), Dijon, France; the Department of General, Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France (ZL); the Department Of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France (J-BD); and the Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France (SD-L)
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17
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Iordanescu G, Brendler C, Crawford SE, Wyrwicz AM, Venkatasubramanian PN, Doll JA. MRS measured fatty acid composition of periprostatic adipose tissue correlates with pathological measures of prostate cancer aggressiveness. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 42:651-7. [PMID: 25522916 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopically measured fatty acid composition of periprostatic adipose tissue and pathological markers of prostate cancer aggressiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periprostatic adipose (PPA) and subcutaneous adipose (SQA) tissue from prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were examined ex vivo by proton MR spectroscopy at 14.1T (n = 31). Fractions of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, total unsaturated, and saturated fatty acids, as well as T2 relaxation times were measured from the spectra. Univariate and multivariate analyses based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and support vector machines (SVM) were used to evaluate the association between differential measures of fatty acid levels in the PPA and SQA tissues and Gleason score and extracapsular extension (ECE), which are pathological measures of prostate cancer aggressiveness. RESULTS Both pathological markers for aggressive prostate cancer have separable patterns in the MRS features space. The association between ECE and PPA tissue fatty acid composition is linear (area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 1.00, [1.00, 1.00]), along the Δ(fM /fS ) measure, and is marked by elevated monounsaturated and reduced saturated fatty acids in the PPA tissue relative to SQA. In contrast, the association between Gleason score and PPA tissue fatty acid composition is nonlinear (classifier AROC and 95% CIs: 0.86, [0.71, 1.00]). CONCLUSION Fatty acid composition is altered in the PPA tissue of patients with aggressive prostate cancer. Ex vivo MR spectroscopy may be a useful tool in studying the altered fatty acid metabolism in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Iordanescu
- Center for Basic M.R. Research, Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles Brendler
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alice M Wyrwicz
- Center for Basic M.R. Research, Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Doll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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18
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Evaluation of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) as prognostic markers in prostate cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:102478. [PMID: 24783193 PMCID: PMC3982265 DOI: 10.1155/2014/102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In carcinoma of prostate, a causative role of platelet 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) for tumor progression has been firmly established in tumor and/or adjacent tissue. Our goal was to investigate if 12-LOX and/or PAI-1 in patient's plasma could be used to predict outcome of the disease. The study comprised 149 patients (age 70±9) divided into two groups: a study group with carcinoma confirmed by positive biopsy of prostate (n=116) and a reference group (n=33) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The following parameters were determined by the laboratory test in plasma or platelet-rich plasma: protein level of 12-LOX, PAI-1, thromboglobulin (TGB), prostate specific antigen (PSA), C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin (HGB, and hematocrit (HCT), as well as red (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC), number of platelets (PLT), international normalized ratio of blood clotting (INR), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The only difference of significance was noticed in the concentration of 12-LOX in platelet rich plasma, which was lower in cancer than in BPH group. Standardization to TGB and platelet count increases the sensitivity of the test that might be used as a biomarker to assess risk for prostate cancer in periodically monitored patients.
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19
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Venkatasubramanian PN, Brendler CB, Plunkett BA, Crawford SE, Fitchev PS, Morgan G, Cornwell ML, McGuire MS, Wyrwicz AM, Doll JA. Periprostatic adipose tissue from obese prostate cancer patients promotes tumor and endothelial cell proliferation: a functional and MR imaging pilot study. Prostate 2014; 74:326-35. [PMID: 24571013 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, particularly visceral adiposity, confers a worse prognosis for prostate cancer (PCa) patients, and increasing periprostatic adipose (PPA) tissue thickness or density is positively associated with more aggressive disease. However, the cellular mechanism of this activity remains unclear. Therefore, in this pilot study, we assessed the functional activity of PPA tissue secretions and established a biochemical profile of PPA as compared to subcutaneous adipose (SQA) tissues from lean, overweight and obese PCa patients. METHODS Adipose tissues were collected from PCa patients undergoing surgical prostate removal. Tissues were analyzed by histologic and magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. Explant tissue culture secretions were used in proliferation assays on PCa and endothelial cells. RESULTS PPA secretions obtained from obese patients were significantly more pro-proliferative in both PCa and endothelial cells as compared to PPA obtained from lean or overweight men and SQA tissues. Consistent with this, PPA microvessel density was increased, and the T2 relaxation time was decreased, compared to SQA tissues, and we observed a modest, inverse correlation between the T2 and tumor stage. Moreover, the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, obtained using MR spectroscopy, showed a modest, inverse correlation with Gleason score. CONCLUSIONS These pilot data show that PPA stimulates PCa cell proliferation and angiogenesis and that obesity intensifies this activity, thus generating a mechanistic hypothesis to explain the worse prognosis observed in obese PCa patients. Our pilot study also shows that MR technology may be useful in further elucidating the relationship between obesity and PCa progression.
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20
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Apte SA, Cavazos DA, Whelan KA, Degraffenried LA. A low dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 Fatty acids may delay progression of prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:556-62. [PMID: 23659447 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.775316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Studies show that consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modulates the development and progression of prostate cancer. High amounts of omega-6 fatty acids have been linked with increased prostate cancer risk, whereas omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to inhibit PCa growth. However, because omega-3 and omega-6 are both essential fatty acids and part of a complete diet, it is more relevant to determine the ideal ratio of the two that would allow patients to benefit from the therapeutic properties of omega-3 fatty acids. LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with dietary-based ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids under hormone-deprivation conditions, and effects on various cellular processes were determined. A low omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratio can delay the progression of cells toward castration-resistance by suppressing pathways involved in prostate cancer progression, such as the Akt/mTOR/NFκB axis. It also suppresses the expression of cyclin D1, and activation of caspase-3 and annexin V staining shows induction of proapoptotic events. Taken together, our data demonstrates that maintaining a low omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio can enhance efficacy of hormone ablation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti A Apte
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78723-3092, USA
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21
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Blood level omega-3 Fatty acids as risk determinant molecular biomarker for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:875615. [PMID: 23589776 PMCID: PMC3621295 DOI: 10.1155/2013/875615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous researches involving dietary methods have shown
conflicting findings. Authors sought to assess the association of
prostate cancer risk with blood levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) through a meta-analysis of human
epidemiological studies in available online databases (July,
2012). After critical appraisal by two independent reviewers,
Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOQAS) was used to
grade the studies. Six case control and six nested case control
studies were included. Results showed nonsignificant association
of overall effect estimates with total or advanced prostate cancer
or high-grade tumor. High blood level of alpha-linolenic acid
(ALA) had nonsignificant positive association with total prostate
cancer risk. High blood level of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) had
significant negative association with total prostate cancer risk.
Specific n-3 PUFA in fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had positive association with
high-grade prostate tumor risk only after adjustment of interstudy
variability. There is evidence that high blood level of DPA that
is linked with reduced total prostate cancer risk and elevated
blood levels of fish oils, EPA, and DHA is associated with
high-grade prostate tumor, but careful interpretation is needed
due to intricate details involved in prostate carcinogenesis and
N-3 PUFA metabolism.
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22
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Sakai M, Kakutani S, Horikawa C, Tokuda H, Kawashima H, Shibata H, Okubo H, Sasaki S. Arachidonic acid and cancer risk: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:606. [PMID: 23249186 PMCID: PMC3574856 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An n-6 essential fatty acid, arachidonic acid (ARA) is converted into prostaglandin E2, which is involved in tumour extension. However, it is unclear whether dietary ARA intake leads to cancer in humans. We thus systematically evaluated available observational studies on the relationship between ARA exposure and the risk of colorectal, skin, breast, prostate, lung, and stomach cancers. Methods We searched the PubMed database for articles published up to May 17, 2010. 126 potentially relevant articles from the initial search and 49,670 bibliographies were scrutinised to identify eligible publications by using predefined inclusion criteria. A comprehensive literature search yielded 52 eligible articles, and their reporting quality and methodological quality was assessed. Information on the strength of the association between ARA exposure and cancer risk, the dose-response relationship, and methodological limitations was collected and evaluated with respect to consistency and study design. Results For colorectal, skin, breast, and prostate cancer, 17, 3, 18, and 16 studies, respectively, were identified. We could not obtain eligible reports for lung and stomach cancer. Studies used cohort (n = 4), nested case-control (n = 12), case-control (n = 26), and cross-sectional (n = 12) designs. The number of subjects (n = 15 - 88,795), ARA exposure assessment method (dietary intake or biomarker), cancer diagnosis and patient recruitment procedure (histological diagnosis, cancer registries, or self-reported information) varied among studies. The relationship between ARA exposure and colorectal cancer was inconsistent based on ARA exposure assessment methodology (dietary intake or biomarker). Conversely, there was no strong positive association or dose-response relationship for breast or prostate cancer. There were limited numbers of studies on skin cancer to draw any conclusions from the results. Conclusions The available epidemiologic evidence is weak because of the limited number of studies and their methodological limitations, but nonetheless, the results suggest that ARA exposure is not associated with increased breast and prostate cancer risk. Further evidence from well-designed observational studies is required to confirm or refute the association between ARA exposure and risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Sakai
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Maarek A. Electro interstitial scan system: assessment of 10 years of research and development. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2012; 5:23-30. [PMID: 23166454 PMCID: PMC3500973 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s29319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ten years of research and development have allowed an understanding of how the electro interstitial scan (EIS) works and what its clinical applications may be. MATERIALS AND METHODS The EIS is a galvanic skin response device. The measurements are performed by electrical stimulation of the post sympathetic cholinergic fiber with weak DC current and voltage 1.28V applied during 2 minutes and in bipolar mode. CURRENT SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE: EIS ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS ARE RELATED TO: (1) the concentration of free chloride ions in the interstitial fluid, which affects the transfer of electrical current and the ratio intensity/voltage; (2) the morphology of the interstitial fluid, which is related to the electrical dispersion calculated from the Cole equation (α parameter); (3) electrical stimulation, which causes a change in sweat rate at the passive electrodes - post sympathetic cholinergic fiber electrical stimulation appears to be responsible for activating M2 receptors, which regulate nitric oxide (NO) production in the endothelial cell and cause vasodilation and a released sweat response; and (4) the electrochemical redox reactions (electrolysis) of the released sweat on electrodes, which are different on the bulk of the metal electrodes (O2 + [4H(+)] + [4e(-)]) and on the Ag/AgCl disposable electrodes (AgCl precipitation). RESULTS FOR EACH OF THE EIS CLINICAL RESULTS, VARIOUS EXPLANATIONS WERE POSITED, SUCH AS: (1) electrical stimulation of the postsympathetic cholinergic fiber-activating NO production in the endothelial cell, which causes vasodilation and a released sweat response (diabetes detection); (2) estimation of interstitial fluid's acid-base balance, which is reflected in an electrochemical reaction on the bulk of the electrodes through the released sweat (prostate cancer detection); (3) estimation of cerebral interstitial fluid chloride ions (detection of ADHD in children); and (4) estimation of the morphology of the interstitial fluid (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment response). CONCLUSION After 10 years of development, the analysis of current scientific knowledge and results of clinical investigations have allowed a better understanding of EIS electrical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Maarek
- Research and Development, LD Technology, Miami, FL, USA
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24
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Hu Y, Sun H, O'Flaherty JT, Edwards IJ. 15-Lipoxygenase-1-mediated metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid is required for syndecan-1 signaling and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:176-82. [PMID: 23066085 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism impacts multiple intracellular signaling pathways in many cell types, but its role in prostate cancer cells is still unclear. Our previous studies have shown that the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by a syndecan-1 (SDC-1)-dependent mechanism. Here, we examined the contribution of lipoxygenase (LOX)- and cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated DHA metabolism to this effect. Pan-LOX inhibitor (nordihydroguaiaretic acid), 15-LOX inhibitor (luteolin) or 15/12-LOX inhibitor (baicalein) blocked the induced effect of DHA on SDC-1 expression and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells, whereas 5-LOX inhibitor, AA861, was ineffective. Human prostate cancer cells lines (PC3, LNCaP and DU145 cells) expressed two 15-LOX isoforms, 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2, with higher 15-LOX-1 and lower 15-LOX-2 expressions compared with human epithelial prostate cells. Knockdown of 15-LOX-1 blocked the effect of DHA on SDC-1 expression and caspase-3 activity, whereas silencing 15-LOX-2, 5-LOX, COX-1, COX-2 or 12-LOX had no effect. Moreover, the ability of DHA to inhibit the activity of the PDK/Akt (T308) signaling pathway was abrogated by silencing 15-LOX-1. These findings demonstrate that 15-LOX-1-mediated metabolism of DHA is required for it to upregulate SDC-1 and trigger the signaling pathway that elicits apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Hu
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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25
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O’Flaherty JT, Hu Y, Wooten RE, Horita DA, Samuel MP, Thomas MJ, Sun H, Edwards IJ. 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45480. [PMID: 23029040 PMCID: PMC3447860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 15-LOX, it is proposed, suppresses the growth of prostate cancer in part by converting arachidonic, eicosatrienoic, and/or eicosapentaenoic acids to n-6 hydroxy metabolites. These metabolites inhibit the proliferation of PC3, LNCaP, and DU145 prostate cancer cells but only at ≥1-10 µM. We show here that the 15-LOX metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 17-hydroperoxy-, 17-hydroxy-, 10,17-dihydroxy-, and 7,17-dihydroxy-DHA inhibit the proliferation of these cells at ≥0.001, 0.01, 1, and 1 µM, respectively. By comparison, the corresponding 15-hydroperoxy, 15-hydroxy, 8,15-dihydroxy, and 5,15-dihydroxy metabolites of arachidonic acid as well as DHA itself require ≥10-100 µM to do this. Like DHA, the DHA metabolites a) induce PC3 cells to activate a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) reporter, express syndecan-1, and become apoptotic and b) are blocked from slowing cell proliferation by pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of PPARγ or syndecan-1. The DHA metabolites thus slow prostate cancer cell proliferation by engaging the PPARγ/syndecan-1 pathway of apoptosis and thereby may contribute to the prostate cancer-suppressing effects of not only 15-LOX but also dietary DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. O’Flaherty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yungping Hu
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rhonda E. Wooten
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David A. Horita
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Haiguo Sun
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Iris J. Edwards
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and PPARgamma in Cancer. PPAR Res 2011; 2008:358052. [PMID: 18769551 PMCID: PMC2526161 DOI: 10.1155/2008/358052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (or n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites are natural ligands for peroxisome proliferator receptor activator (PPAR)gamma and, due to the effects of PPARgamma on cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, are potential anticancer agents. Dietary intake of omega-3 PUFAs has been associated with a reduced risk of certain cancers in human populations and in animal models. In vitro studies have shown that omega-3 PUFAs inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells through various pathways but one of which involves PPARgamma activation. The differential activation of PPARgamma and PPARgamma-regulated genes by specific dietary fatty acids may be central to their distinct roles in cancer. This review summarizes studies relating PUFAs to PPARgamma and cancer and offers a new paradigm relating an n-3 PUFA through PPARgamma to the expression of the cell surface proteoglycan, syndecan-1, and to the death of cancer cells.
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de Abreu DS. Bioimpedance and chronoamperometry as an adjunct to prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2011; 3:109-16. [PMID: 21629833 PMCID: PMC3097800 DOI: 10.2147/cmr.s19291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bioimpedance is an electrical property of living tissue that has been shown to be a safe technique when used in a number of biomedical applications. The aim of this research was to assess the utility of bioimpedance measurement as a rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive adjunct to digital rectal examination and PSA in differentiating tumor from normal prostatic tissue. Methods: Three hundred men were examined for signs and symptoms of prostate disorders. 147 patients with a digital rectal examination indicating a positive result underwent a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. A biopsy was advised for 103 of the men, of whom 50 completed the study. Before undergoing biopsy, an examination with the EIS (electro interstitial scan) system using bioimpedance and chronoamperometry was performed. In reference to the biopsy results (negative or positive), a statistical analysis of the EIS data and PSA was conducted using receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the specificity and sensitivity of each test. Results: The PSA test had a sensitivity of 73.9% and specificity of 51.9% using a cutoff value >4 and a sensitivity of 52.2% and specificity of 81.5% using a cutoff value ≥5.7 and P = 0.03. The delta of the electrical conductivity (DE) of the left foot-right foot pathway had a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 85.2%, with a cutoff value ≤−5 and P = 0.0001. Algorithms comprising the delta of electrical conductivity and PSA showed a sensitivity of 91.5% and a specificity of 59.3%, with a cutoff value ≤−10.52 and P = 0.0003. Conclusion: The EIS system had a very good specificity of 85.2%. However, the sensitivity of 62.5% would be a problem. Using a PSA reference >4.1 ng/mL, the adjunctive use of bioimpedance and chronoamperometry provided by EIS technology could raise the sensitivity from 73.9% to 91.5% and the specificity from 51.9% to 59.3% in prostate cancer screening.
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Syndecan-1-dependent suppression of PDK1/Akt/bad signaling by docosahexaenoic acid induces apoptosis in prostate cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:826-36. [PMID: 20927321 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that diets enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) reduce the risk of prostate cancer, but biochemical mechanisms are unclear. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, supports the integrity of the epithelial compartment. In tumor cells of epithelial lineage, SDC-1 is generally downregulated. This may result in perturbation of homeostasis and lead to progression of malignancy. Our studies have shown that the n-3 PUFA species, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), increases SDC-1 expression in prostate tissues of Pten knockout (Pten(P-/-)) mice/cells and human prostate cancer cells. We have now determined that DHA-mediated up-regulation of SDC-1 induces apoptosis. Bovine serum albumin-bound DHA and exogenous human recombinant SDC-1 ecotodomain were delivered to PC3 and LNCaP cells in the presence or absence of SDC-1 small interfering (si)RNA. In the presence of control siRNA, both DHA and SDC-1 ectodomain induced apoptosis, whereas SDC-1 silencing blocked DHA-induced but not SDC-1 ectodomain-induced apoptosis. Downstream effectors of SDC-1 signaling linked to n-3 PUFA-induced apoptosis involved the 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1)/Akt/Bad integrating network. A diet enriched in n-3 PUFA decreased phosphorylation of PDK1, Akt (T308), and Bad in prostates of Pten(P-/-) mice. Similar results were observed in human prostate cancer cells in response to DHA and SDC-1 ectodomain. The effect of DHA on PDK1/Akt/Bad signaling was abrogated by SDC-1 siRNA. These findings define a mechanism by which SDC-1-dependent suppression of phosphorylation of PDK1/Akt/Bad mediates n-3 PUFA-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer.
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Zhang L, Ramtohul Y, Gagné S, Styhler A, Wang H, Guay J, Huang Z. A multiplexed cell assay in HepG2 cells for the identification of delta-5, delta-6, and delta-9 desaturase and elongase inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:169-76. [PMID: 20086206 DOI: 10.1177/1087057109356208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A multiplexed cell assay has been optimized to measure the activities of fatty acyl-CoA elongase, delta-5 desaturase (Delta5D), delta-6 desaturase (Delta6D), and delta-9 desaturase (Delta9D) together using (14)C-labeled tracers in HepG2 cells, which express the human stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 isoform (SCD1) exclusively. The Delta5 and Delta9 desaturase activities are indexed by the efficient conversion of [1-(14)C]-eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3, cis-8,11,14) to (14)C-arachidonic acid (C20:4, cis-5,8,11,14) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]-stearic acid to (14)C-oleic acid (C18:1, cis-9), respectively. CP-74006 potently blocks the Delta5D activity with an IC(50) value of 20 nM and simplifies the metabolism of [1-(14)C]-alpha-linolenate (C18:3, cis-9,12,15) by accumulating (14)C-eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4, cis-8,11,14,17) as the major (14)C-eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3, cis-11,14,17) and (14)C-docosatetraenoic acid (C22:4, cis-10,13,16,19) as the minor metabolites through Delta6 desaturation and elongation. This simplified metabolite spectrum enables the delineation of the Delta6D activity by comparing the combined Delta6D/elongase activity index of the (14)C-(C20:4/C18:3) ratio with the corresponding elongation index of the (14)C-(C20:3/C18:3) ratio following compound treatment. SC-26196 and sterculic acid specifically inhibit the Delta6D and Delta9D activities with an IC(50) value of 0.1 microM and 0.9 microM, respectively. This medium-throughput cell assay provides an efficient tool in the identification of specific desaturase and elongase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Merck Frosst Center for Therapeutic Research, Montreal, Canada
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Simon JA, Chen YH, Bent S. The relation of alpha-linolenic acid to the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1558S-1564S. [PMID: 19321563 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) has been associated inconsistently with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Additional studies have become available since the publication of 2 previous meta-analyses. OBJECTIVE The objective was to review the published data on the relation between ALA and prostate cancer. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that included data on ALA and risk of prostate cancer. Data were pooled from studies that compared the highest ALA quantile with the lowest ALA quantile, and risk estimates were combined by using a random-effects model. RESULTS The relation between ALA and prostate cancer is inconsistent across studies. We pooled data from 8 case-control and 8 prospective studies. The summary estimate revealed that high ALA dietary intakes or tissue concentrations are weakly associated with prostate cancer risk (relative risk [RR]: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.43). When examined by study type (ie, retrospective compared with prospective or dietary ALA compared with tissue concentration) or by decade of publication, only the 6 studies examining blood or tissue ALA concentrations revealed a statistically significant association. With the exception of these studies, there was significant heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. After adjustment for publication bias, there was no association between ALA and prostate cancer (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.17). CONCLUSIONS Studies examining the relation between ALA and prostate cancer have produced inconsistent findings. High ALA intakes or high blood and adipose tissue concentrations of ALA may be associated with a small increased risk of prostate cancer. However, these conclusions are qualified because of the heterogeneity across studies and the likelihood of publication bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Simon
- General Internal Medicine Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Escobar ELO, Gomes-Marcondes MCC, Carvalho HF. Dietary fatty acid quality affects AR and PPARgamma levels and prostate growth. Prostate 2009; 69:548-58. [PMID: 19143008 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are among the most important nutritional factors associated with the ethiopathogenesis of prostate cancer, therefore the main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of quality of fatty acid on the rat ventral prostate growth, tissue organization, and expression of androgen receptor (AR) and peroxisome proliferation activator receptor gamma (PPARgamma). METHODS Wistar rats were distributed into five groups, which were fed isocaloric normolipidic diets containing soybean oil (7% Control), linseed (7% or 3.5% linseed plus 3.5% soybean oil) and rendered pork fat (7% or 3.5% lard plus 3.5% soybean oil) for 10 weeks after weaning. RESULTS At the end of treatment, the experiments demonstrated that lard and linseed oil caused opposite effects on prostatic growth. While the lard promoted an increase in prostatic weight associated to epithelial hyperplasia (confirmed by stereology); the linseed resulted in a significantly lighter organ. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting demonstrated increased expression of AR and PPARgamma in groups fed with lard diet, while linseed oil promoted a decrease. CONCLUSIONS Prostatic growth is influenced by dietary fatty acids with concurrent variation in the expression of AR and PPARgamma. PPARgamma might represent the link between diet and prostate growth and AR expression and function. Since the levels of testosterone were altered it is also possible that prostatic changes are secondary to systemic effects of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esdras L O Escobar
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Unterwurzacher I, Koal T, Bonn GK, Weinberger KM, Ramsay SL. Rapid sample preparation and simultaneous quantitation of prostaglandins and lipoxygenase derived fatty acid metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from small sample volumes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 46:1589-97. [PMID: 18842110 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid metabolites play a key role in numerous physiological and pathological processes. A rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous determination of prostanoids, isoprostane and lipoxygenase (LOX) derived fatty acid metabolites in a small biological sample of only 20 microL was developed. METHODS Human plasma samples were applied to a filter spot, extracted without prior derivatization and analyzed within 13 min. Detection of metabolites was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in negative multiple-reaction monitoring detection mode. Application of this assay to various biological matrices was performed. RESULTS The validated assay was linear over the concentration range of 5-500 nmol/L for prostanoids and isoprostane, 50-5000 nmol/L for LOX-derived metabolites and 400-40,000 nmol/L for fatty acids. Limits of quantitation were 0.4-233 nmol/L, depending on the metabolite. Plasma samples from diabetic patients and controls showed significant increases in (+/-)9-HODE and 15(S)-HETE with p-values of 0.019 and 0.024, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The small amount of 20 microL sample volume used in this assay and the demonstrated application to various sample types makes it an ideal routine analysis method for fatty acid metabolites. The resulting values for LOX-derived metabolites in diabetes mellitus type 2 samples support earlier findings about the role of lipid oxidation products in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Unterwurzacher
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Edwards IJ, Sun H, Hu Y, Berquin IM, O'Flaherty JT, Cline JM, Rudel LL, Chen YQ. In vivo and in vitro regulation of syndecan 1 in prostate cells by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18441-9. [PMID: 18450755 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802107200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan 1 is the major proteoglycan produced by epithelial cells. It is strategically localized at the plasma membrane to participate in growth factor signaling and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Its expression may modulate the properties of epithelial lineage tumor cells in which it is generally down-regulated compared with nontumor progenitors. The present study examined the regulation of syndecan 1 in prostate epithelial cells by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In prostate tissue of mice, syndecan 1 immunostaining was demonstrated in epithelial cells throughout each gland. In animals fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet, syndecan 1 mRNA was increased in all prostate glands. In the human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, delivery of exogenous n-3 (but not n-6) fatty acids resulted in up-regulation of syndecan 1 expression. This effect was mimicked by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist, troglitazone, and inhibited in the presence of a PPARgamma antagonist and in cells transfected with dominant negative PPARgamma cDNA. Using a luciferase gene driven either by a PPAR response element or by a DR-1 site present in the syndecan 1 promoter, reporter activation was increased by n-3 low density lipoprotein, docosahexaenoic acid, and troglitazone, whereas activity of a luciferase gene placed downstream of a mutant DR-1 site was unresponsive. These findings indicate that syndecan 1 is up-regulated by n-3 fatty acids by a transcriptional pathway involving PPARgamma. This mechanism may contribute to the chemopreventive properties of n-3 fatty acids in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris J Edwards
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have suggested for decades an association between dietary fat and cancer risk. A large body of work performed in tissue culture and xenograft models of cancer supports an important role of various types of fat in modulating the cancer phenotype. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlining the effects of fat on cancer initiation and progression are largely unknown. The relationships between saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol or phytanic acid with cancer have been reviewed respectively. However, few have considered the relationship between all of these fats and cancer. The purpose of this review is to present a more cohesive view of dietary fat-gene interactions, and outline a working hypothesis of the intricate connection between fat, genes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Q Chen
- Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Wallström P, Bjartell A, Gullberg B, Olsson H, Wirfält E. A prospective study on dietary fat and incidence of prostate cancer (Malmö, Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 2007; 18:1107-21. [PMID: 17726648 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-007-9050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the associations between intake of various types of fat and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in a population-based cohort. METHODS We have studied 10,564 initially cancer-free men of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, aged 45-73 years. Diet was assessed by a modified diet history method. Cases and clinical characteristics were ascertained via national and regional registry data. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 11.0 years, 817 incidental PCa cases were diagnosed. Out of these, 281 were classified as advanced. There were 202 cases occurring before 65 years of age. After adjustment for age and energy intake, there was no association between intake of any types of fat and risk of PCa, or between fat intake and advanced PCa or PCa occurring in persons aged <65 years. However, we observed positive associations between intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and risk of PCa. After adjustment for multiple confounders, the latter associations were weakened, but the results were otherwise virtually unchanged. CONCLUSIONS This large study, with high-validity dietary data, does not support an association between intake of total, saturated, or mono-unsaturated fat and PCa risk. The observed associations between EPA/DHA intakes and PCa are difficult to interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wallström
- Nutrition Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
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Gazi E, Dwyer J, Lockyer NP, Gardner P, Shanks JH, Roulson J, Hart CA, Clarke NW, Brown MD. Biomolecular profiling of metastatic prostate cancer cells in bone marrow tissue using FTIR microspectroscopy: a pilot study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:1621-31. [PMID: 17268776 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 12/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) cells preferentially metastasise to the bone marrow, a microenvironment that plays a substantial role in the sustenance and progression of the CaP tumour. Here we use a combination of FTIR microspectroscopy and histological stains to increase molecular specificity and probe the biochemistry of metastatic CaP cells in bone marrow tissue derived from a limited source of paraffin-embedded biopsies of different patients. This provides distinction between the following dominant metabolic processes driving the proliferation of the metastatic cells in each of these biopsies: glycerophospholipid synthesis from triacylglyceride, available from surrounding adipocytes, in specimen 1, through significantly high (p < or = 0.05) carbohydrate (8.23 +/- 1.44 cm(-1)), phosphate (6.13 +/- 1.5 cm(-1)) and lipid hydrocarbon (24.14 +/- 5.9 cm(-1)) signals compared with the organ-confined CaP control (OC CaP), together with vacuolation of cell cytoplasm; glycolipid synthesis in specimen 2, through significantly high (p < or = 0.05) carbohydrate (5.51 +/- 0.04 cm(-1)) and high lipid hydrocarbon (17.91 +/- 2.3 cm(-1)) compared with OC CaP, together with positive diastase-digested periodic acid Schiff staining in the majority of metastatic CaP cells; glycolysis in specimen 3, though significantly high (p < or = 0.05) carbohydrate (8.86 +/- 1.78 cm(-1)) and significantly lower (p < or = 0.05) lipid hydrocarbon (11.67 +/- 0.4 cm(-1)) than OC CaP, together with negative diastase-digested periodic acid Schiff staining in the majority of metastatic CaP cells. Detailed understanding of the biochemistry underpinning the proliferation of tumour cells at metastatic sites may help towards refining chemotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gazi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK.
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Koralek DO, Peters U, Andriole G, Reding D, Kirsh V, Subar A, Schatzkin A, Hayes R, Leitzmann MF. A Prospective Study of Dietary Alpha-linolenic Acid and the Risk of Prostate Cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2006; 17:783-91. [PMID: 16783606 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-006-0014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is the most common omega-3 fatty acid in the Western diet. The relation of dietary intake of ALA to prostate cancer risk remains unresolved. OBJECTIVE We prospectively evaluated total ALA and ALA from specific food sources including animal, fish, and plant sources in relation to prostate cancer risk. DESIGN A cohort of 29,592 male participants (age 55-74 years) in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial was followed for an average of 5.1 years. RESULTS We ascertained 1,898 cases of total prostate cancer, of which 1,631 were organ-confined cases (stage T1b to T3a and N0M0) and 285 were advanced stage cases (stage>or=T3b, N1, or M1). We found no association between total ALA intake and overall prostate cancer (multivariate RR comparing extreme quintiles=0.94; 95% CI=0.81-1.09; P for trend=0.76). The corresponding RRs for organ-confined and advanced prostate cancer were 0.94 (95% CI=0.80-1.10; P for trend=0.80) and 0.83 (95% CI=0.58-1.19; P for trend=0.34), respectively. In addition, no relations were observed between ALA intake from any specific food source and the risks of total, organ-confined, or advanced prostate cancer. ALA intake also showed no association with low grade (Gleason sum<7; 1,221 cases) tumors (P for trend=0.23) or high grade (Gleason sum>or=7; n=677 cases) tumors (P for trend=0.26). CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study of predominantly Caucasian men who were screened annually for newly incident prostate cancer, dietary intake of total ALA and ALA from specific food sources was not associated with risk of total prostate cancer or prostate tumors that were defined by stage and grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Koralek
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Pham H, Vang K, Ziboh VA. Dietary gamma-linolenate attenuates tumor growth in a rodent model of prostatic adenocarcinoma via suppression of elevated generation of PGE(2) and 5S-HETE. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 74:271-82. [PMID: 16567086 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer poses considerable threat to the aging male population as it has become a leading cause of cancer death to this group. Due to the complexity of this age-related disease, the mechanism(s) and factors resulting in prostate cancer remain unclear. Reports showing an increase risk in prostatic cancer with increasing dietary fat are contrasted by other studies suggesting the beneficial effects of certain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the modulation of tumor development. The n-6 PUFA, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), has been shown to suppress tumor growth in vitro. Therefore, using the Lobund-Wistar (L-W) rat model of prostate cancer, we tested the hypothesis whether dietary supplementation of GLA could suppress tumor growth and development in vivo. Prostatic adenocarcinomas were induced in two groups of L-W rats, the experimental group (N-nitroso-N-methylurea, NMU/testosterone propionate, TP) and the GLA group (NMU/TP/GLA fed) undergoing similar treatment but fed a purified diet supplemented with GLA. Our findings revealed a decrease in prostate growth in the NMU/TP/GLA-fed group as determined by weight, tissue size, DNA content and prostate-specific antigen (tumor marker of prostate cancer). Comparison between the two groups showed a significant increase in 5S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and prostaglandin E(2) in the NMU/TP group. These increases paralleled the increased protein expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 as well as increased activity of 5-lipoxygenase. Taken together, the findings showed that intake of GLA-enriched diet does reduce prostatic cancer development in L-W rats and could serve as a non-toxic adjunct in management of human prostatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Pham
- Department of Dermatology TB-192, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Brown MD, Hart CA, Gazi E, Bagley S, Clarke NW. Promotion of prostatic metastatic migration towards human bone marrow stoma by Omega 6 and its inhibition by Omega 3 PUFAs. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:842-53. [PMID: 16523199 PMCID: PMC2361380 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown not only a relationship between the intake of dietary lipids and an increased risk of developing metastatic prostate cancer, but also the type of lipid intake that influences the risk of metastatic prostate cancer. The Omega-6 poly-unsaturated fatty acid, Arachidonic acid, has been shown to enhance the proliferation of malignant prostate epithelial cells and increase the risk of advanced prostate cancer. However, its role in potentiating the migration of cancer cells is unknown. Here we show that arachidonic acid at concentrations
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Brown
- ProMPT Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Cancer Research UK.
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Cho HJ, Kim DY, Kim JW, Yoo TK, Yang EK. Downregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)α, PPARγ, and Phosphoglycerate Mutase 2 in Prostate Cancer. Korean J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2006.47.6.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Jin Cho
- Department of Urology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Duk Yoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tag Keun Yoo
- Department of Urology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Yang
- Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Hedelin M, Chang ET, Wiklund F, Bellocco R, Klint A, Adolfsson J, Shahedi K, Xu J, Adami HO, Grönberg H, Bälter KA. Association of frequent consumption of fatty fish with prostate cancer risk is modified by COX-2 polymorphism. Int J Cancer 2006; 120:398-405. [PMID: 17066444 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of marine fatty acids from fish may protect against prostate cancer development. We studied this association and whether it is modified by genetic variation in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. We assessed dietary intake of fish among 1,499 incident prostate cancer cases and 1,130 population controls in Sweden. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and genotyped in available blood samples for 1,378 cases and 782 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by multivariate logistic regression. Multiplicative and additive interactions between fish intake and COX-2 SNPs on prostate cancer risk were evaluated. Eating fatty fish (e.g., salmon-type fish) once or more per week, compared to never, was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43-0.76). The OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of marine fatty acids intake was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.51-0.97). We found a significant interaction (p < 0.001) between salmon-type fish intake and a SNP in the COX-2 gene (rs5275: +6365 T/C), but not with the 4 other SNPs examined. We found strong inverse associations with increasing intake of salmon-type fish among carriers of the variant allele (OR for once per week or more vs. never = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18-0.45; p(trend) < 0.01), but no association among carriers of the more common allele. Frequent consumption of fatty fish and marine fatty acids appears to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, and this association is modified by genetic variation in the COX-2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hedelin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Shahidi F, Miraliakbari H. Omega-3 (n-3) Fatty Acids in Health and Disease: Part 1—Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. J Med Food 2004; 7:387-401. [PMID: 15671680 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2004.7.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids have a wide range of beneficial effects in several human health conditions. Animal and in vitro studies have indicated that omega-3 fatty acids affect blood lipid profiles, cardiovascular health, membrane lipid composition, eicosanoid biosynthesis, cell signaling cascades, and gene expression. Findings from epidemiological studies suggest that intake of omega-3 fatty acids from natural sources or supplements may influence the onset and progression of several disease states, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. This review highlights some recent research findings that help advance our understanding of how omega-3 fatty acids influence cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
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Narita S, Tsuchiya N, Wang L, Matsuura S, Ohyama C, Satoh S, Sato K, Ogawa O, Habuchi T, Kato T. Association of lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism with risk of prostate cancer in a Japanese population. Int J Cancer 2004; 112:872-6. [PMID: 15386377 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A high fat intake has been associated with prostate cancer risk, and gene polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) play an important role in plasma lipoprotein metabolism. We herein analyzed the association of LPL gene polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer in a Japanese population. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LPL designated as Ser447stop, HindIII and PvuII were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 273 prostate cancer patients, 205 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and 230 male controls. The men with the CG + GG genotypes of the Ser447stop polymorphism had an increased risk of prostate cancer compared to those with the CC genotype [age-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.625; 95% CI = 1.068-2.471; p = 0.023]. Furthermore, the increased risk associated with the CG + GG genotypes was more strongly observed in patients with high-grade cancers (aOR = 2.843; 95% CI = 1.252-6.458; p = 0.039) or metastatic diseases (aOR = 2.300; 95% CI = 1.042-5.074; p = 0.013), whereas the risk was not significant in those with low- to intermediate-grade cancers or nonmetastatic diseases. In the HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms, there was no significant difference between the prostate cancer patients and the controls, and no significant results as for tumor grade and stage. None of the 3 polymorphisms showed any association with the risk of BPH. Our results suggest that the LPL Ser447stop polymorphism is a common genetic modifier for the development of prostate cancer, particularly that of high-grade and/or high-stage, in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Abstract
The incidence of some cancers shows dramatic variations around the world that cannot be explained by ethnic or racial differences. Observational studies point to a negative correlation between consumption of fish and incidence of breast and prostate cancer. In vitro and animal model studies indicate that (omega-3) PUFAs present at high concentrations in marine animals inhibit proliferation of cancer cells and growth of tumors. However, how these fatty acids inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth is a matter of considerable debate. In this review we summarize our recent work indicating that Ca(++) depletion mediated phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF2 and subsequent inhibition of translation initiation account for the anti-cancer activity of (omega-3) PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Aktas
- Laboratory for Translational Research and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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