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Rademeyer KM, R Nass S, Jones AM, Ohene-Nyako M, Hauser KF, McRae M. Fentanyl dysregulates neuroinflammation and disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity in HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice. J Neurovirol 2024; 30:1-21. [PMID: 38280928 PMCID: PMC11232468 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Opioid overdose deaths have dramatically increased by 781% from 1999 to 2021. In the setting of HIV, opioid drug abuse exacerbates neurotoxic effects of HIV in the brain, as opioids enhance viral replication, promote neuronal dysfunction and injury, and dysregulate an already compromised inflammatory response. Despite the rise in fentanyl abuse and the close association between opioid abuse and HIV infection, the interactive comorbidity between fentanyl abuse and HIV has yet to be examined in vivo. The HIV-1 Tat-transgenic mouse model was used to understand the interactive effects between fentanyl and HIV. Tat is an essential protein produced during HIV that drives the transcription of new virions and exerts neurotoxic effects within the brain. The Tat-transgenic mouse model uses a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-driven tetracycline promoter which limits Tat production to the brain and this model is well used for examining mechanisms related to neuroHIV. After 7 days of fentanyl exposure, brains were harvested. Tight junction proteins, the vascular cell adhesion molecule, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β were measured to examine the integrity of the blood brain barrier. The immune response was assessed using a mouse-specific multiplex chemokine assay. For the first time in vivo, we demonstrate that fentanyl by itself can severely disrupt the blood-brain barrier and dysregulate the immune response. In addition, we reveal associations between inflammatory markers and tight junction proteins at the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Rademeyer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, U.S.A
| | - Sara R Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - Austin M Jones
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, U.S.A
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - MaryPeace McRae
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, U.S.A..
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Birsa ML, Sarbu LG. Hydroxy Chalcones and Analogs with Chemopreventive Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10667. [PMID: 37445844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight the chemopreventive properties of hydroxy-substituted natural and synthetic chalcones along with a number of their analogs. These products display various biological activities, and have many applications against various diseases. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of chalcones bearing hydroxy substituents are underlined. The influence of hydroxy substituents located on ring A, B, or both are systematized according to the exhibited biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Lucian Birsa
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura G Sarbu
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
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You T, Tang J, Yin S, Jia G, Liu G, Tian G, Chen X, Cai J, Kang B, Zhao H. Effect of dietary licorice flavonoids powder on performance, intestinal immunity and health of weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:147-156. [PMID: 35247278 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Licorice flavonoids, a bioactive substance derived from glycyrrhiza, have been reported for many pharmacological properties and are beneficial to animal health. This study aimed to explore the effects of licorice flavonoids powder (LFP) on growth performance and intestinal health of piglets. A total of 96 weaned piglets were randomly assigned into four treatments and supplemented with 0, 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg LFP for 5 weeks. Dietary LFP supplementation tended to increase (p = 0.068) average daily gain (ADG) and reduce (p = 0.089) the feed intake/body gain (F/G) of piglets than that of the control group during 15-35 days; and concentrations of LFP supplementation reduced (p < 0.01) diarrhoea index during 14-35 days and 0-35 days. Piglets fed on diets supplied with LFP had a lower (p < 0.05) pH in caecum and colon. Dietary LFP supplementation increased (p < 0.01) the villi height and the ratio of villi height/crypt depth in duodenum, and reduced (p < 0.05) crypt depth in duodenum. Compared with the control group, 250 mg/kg LFP supplementation up-regulated (p < 0.05) the mRNA level of occludin (OCLN) in ileum. Meanwhile, dietary LFP supplementation down-regulated (p < 0.05) mRNA abundance of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and induced nitrogen monoxide synthase (INOS) in duodenum. Dietary 150 mg/kg LFP supplementation down-regulated (p < 0.05) mRNA abundance of IL-1β and 250 mg/kg LFP up-regulated (p < 0.05) the expression of IL-10 in ileum. In summary, dietary LFP supplementation has a trend to improve the performance of weaning piglets, those improvements are accompanied by reduction in diarrhoea, enhancement of intestinal morphological structure, barrier function, immune function, and development. In general, 150 mg/kg LFP supplementation is more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting You
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenggang Yin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
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Saetang J, Tedasen A, Sangkhathat S, Sangkaew N, Dokduang S, Prompat N, Taraporn S, Graidist P. The attenuation effect of low piperine Piper nigrum extract on doxorubicin-induced toxicity of blood chemical and immunological properties in mammary tumour rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:96-107. [PMID: 34962450 PMCID: PMC8735876 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2018470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many natural extracts have been shown to minimize the toxicity of doxorubicin (Dox). Low piperine Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) extract (PFPE) is a natural extract containing many types of antioxidants that may reduce Dox toxicities. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of PFPE in attenuating the side effects of Dox. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumour-bearing Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups including normal, vehicle, 100 mg/kg BW of PFPE plus 2 mg/kg BW of Dox (P100 + Dox), 100 mg/kg BW of PFPE plus 2 mg/kg BW of Dox (P200 + Dox) and Dox. Rats were treated with Dox and/or PFPE three times/week for 4 weeks. Tumour burden, blood parameters, weight of internal organs and immunological data were investigated. RESULTS The addition of 200 mg/kg PFPE significantly restored the levels of AST from 174.60 ± 45.67 U/L in the Dox group near to normal levels at 109.80 ± 4.99 U/L. The combination of PFPE and Dox also decreased the levels of CXCL7, TIMP-1, sICAM-1 and l-selectin about 1.4-1.6-fold compared to Dox group. Feeding rats with 200 mg/kg BW of PFPE combination with Dox slightly increased Th1 from 161.67 ± 14.28 cells in Dox group to 200.75 ± 5.8 cells meanwhile suppressed Treg from 3088 ± 78 cells in Dox to 2561 ± 71 cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study showed that PFPE ameliorated Dox toxicity in many aspects indicating the role of antioxidant and other substances in the extract on toxicity attenuation. This suggested the using of PFPE may be valuable for Dox treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Saetang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- EZ-Mol-Design Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Aman Tedasen
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Natnaree Sangkaew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Dokduang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Napat Prompat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Taraporn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Yin S, You T, Tang J, Wang L, Jia G, Liu G, Tian G, Chen X, Cai J, Kang B, Zhao H. Dietary licorice flavonoids powder improves serum antioxidant capacity and immune organ inflammatory responses in weaned piglets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:942253. [PMID: 35958301 PMCID: PMC9360566 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.942253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning often induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response in piglets. This study investigated the effects of dietary licorice flavonoids powder (LFP) supplementation on antioxidant capacity and immunity in weaned piglets. Notably, 96 Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (DLY) weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four treatments with 6 replicates (4 animals per replicate) and fed with diet supplementation with 0, 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg LFP, respectively. The trial lasted for 5 weeks. The results showed that dietary LFP supplementation effectively increased the liver index (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary LFP supplementation reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase activity (P < 0.01). Piglets fed with 50 mg/kg LFP decreased total cholesterol and HDL-C content in serum (P < 0.05) and increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.01). Similarly, supplementation with 150 mg/kg LFP elevated the activity of total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) in serum (P < 0.01) and dietary with 150 and 250 mg/kg LFP increased T-AOC activity in spleen (P < 0.01). Moreover, dietary with 150 mg/kg LFP addition enhanced (P < 0.05) the serum IgG content of piglets. Additionally, compared with the control group, dietary 250 mg/kg LFP supplementation upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA abundance of Interleukin (IL)-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the spleen. Meanwhile, dietary 150 and 250 mg/kg LFP supplementation downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA abundance of IL-10, and MCP-1 and 250 mg/kg LFP upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the thymus. In conclusion, LFP supplementation improved the immune function of piglets by regulating the activity of serum biochemical enzymes, improving the antioxidant capacity, and alleviating inflammation of immune organs. This study indicated that LFP is potential alternative protection against early weaned stress in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenggang Yin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting You
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Zhao
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Saetang J, Tedasen A, Sangkhathat S, Sangkaew N, Dokduang S, Prompat N, Taraporn S, Graidist P. Low Piperine Fractional Piper nigrum Extract Enhanced the Antitumor Immunity via Regulating the Th1/Th2/Treg Cell Subsets on NMU-Induced Tumorigenesis Rats. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:527-537. [PMID: 33902130 DOI: 10.1055/a-1458-5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. In addition to standard regimens, tumor suppression ability has been demonstrated in many types of natural products, including Piper nigrum, or black pepper. In previous reports, we demonstrated the antitumor effect of low piperine fractional Piper nigrum extract in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract in the aspect of antitumor immunity has not yet been investigated. In this study, tumor-bearing rats were fed with 100 mg/kg BW or 200 mg/kg BW of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Tumor burden and hematological data were then evaluated. Immunological data was investigated using a cytokine array and flow cytometry. The results showed that both doses of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract significantly suppressed tumor progression in N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumor rats. There were no significant changes observed in the total white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin. Low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract suppressed some cytokine and chemokine levels including CXCL7, sICAM-1, and L-selectin 0.2- to 0.6-fold. Interestingly, 200 mg/kg BW of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract significantly promoted type 1 T helper cell, and suppressed neutrophil, basophil, type 2 T helper cell, and regulatory T cell compared to the control group. In summary, these results indicate that low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract had a high efficacy in supporting antitumor activity at immunological levels via regulating Th1/Th2/Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Saetang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- EZ-Mol-Design Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aman Tedasen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Natnaree Sangkaew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Dokduang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Napat Prompat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Taraporn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Abraham J, Florentine S. Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra) Extracts-Suitable Pharmacological Interventions for COVID-19? A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2600. [PMID: 34961070 PMCID: PMC8708549 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Even though vaccination has started against COVID-19, people should continue maintaining personal and social caution as it takes months or years to get everyone vaccinated, and we are not sure how long the vaccine remains efficacious. In order to contribute to the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms, the pharmaceutical industry aims to develop antiviral drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication and produce anti-inflammatory medications that will inhibit the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is the primary cause of mortality among the COVID-19 patients. In reference to these tasks, this article considers the properties of a medicinal plant named licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), whose phytochemicals have shown both antiviral and anti-inflammatory tendencies through previous studies. All the literature was selected through extensive search in various databases such as google scholar, Scopus, the Web of Science, and PubMed. In addition to the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, one of the licorice components has an autophagy-enhancing mechanism that studies have suggested to be necessary for COVID-19 treatment. Based on reviewing relevant professional and historical literature regarding the medicinal properties of licorice, it is suggested that it may be worthwhile to conduct in vitro and in vivo studies, including clinical trials with glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids together with other flavonoids found in licorice, as there is the potentiality to provide natural interventions against COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Abraham
- School of Engineering, Information Technology, and Physical Sciences, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- Centre for Environmental Management, School of Science, Psychology, and Sport, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
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8
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Bronikowska J, Kłósek M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Czuba ZP. The modulating effect of methoxy-derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcones on the release of IL-8, MIF, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 by colon cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112428. [PMID: 34800781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The search for effective and minimally invasive methods of treating colon cancer is the aim of modern medicine. Chalcones and their derivatives have shown an anticancer activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of methoxy-derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcones: 2'-hydroxy-3"-methoxychalcone (TJ3), 2'-hydroxy-2"-methoxychalcone (TJ6) and 2'-hydroxy-4"-metoxychalcone (TJ7) at the concentrations of 10 µM and 25 µM on the release of IL-8, MIF, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 by colon cancer SW480 and SW620 cell lines. The cytokines and adhesion molecules were detected using the Bio-Plex Magnetic Luminex Assay and the Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. Our results showed that all tested methoxy-derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcone compounds significantly reduced ICAM-1 released by SW480 cancer cells. The tested compounds at both concentrations did not significantly affect VCAM-1 released by SW480 and SW620 cancer cell lines. All methoxy-derivatives significantly reduced the concentration of MIF in dose dependent manner on SW480 cells. The TJ3 at the concentration of 25 µM significantly decreased IL-8 secreted by SW480 and SW620 cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that tested methoxy-derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcones showed modulating effect on colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bronikowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kłósek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Zenon P Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
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9
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Mitselou A, Grammeniatis V, Varouktsi A, Papadatos SS, Klaroudas A, Katsanos K, Galani V. Immunohistochemical Study of Adhesion Molecules in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comparison to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Adv Biomed Res 2021; 10:21. [PMID: 34703800 PMCID: PMC8495298 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The surface of endothelial cells is covered with cell adhesion molecules including E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) that mediate the adhesion and extravasation of leukocytes and play a pivotal role in inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of expression of adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, and normal colonic mucosa. Materials and Methods: IBS and IBD patients along with normal colonic mucosa were recruited in the study. In all groups, two biopsies were taken from each of the three anatomical sites (terminal ileum, cecum, and rectum). Three monoclonal antibodies, E-selectin mAb, VCAM-1 mAb, and ICAM-1 mAb, were applied for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: In IBD patients, the expression of intensity of E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 was found decreased, at least in cecum and rectum, in comparison with IBS patients and controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.005, and P < 0.007, respectively). Comparison of the expression of intensity of the aforementioned molecules in IBS patients and controls revealed significant augmentation at the cecum and rectum of IBS patients. Conclusions: The expression of adhesion molecules appeared lower in IBD patients compared to IBS patients and controls. In addition, the expression of adhesion molecules appeared higher in IBS compared to the control group. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that the expression of adhesion molecules could be considered as an early event in the process of proinflammatory IBS group and may be other factors play a crucial role in the process of intestinal inflammation in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigony Mitselou
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Anna Varouktsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokratio Hospital, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Stamatis S Papadatos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Klaroudas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katsanos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Galani
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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10
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Bavarsadi M, Mahdavi AH, Ansari-Mahyari S, Jahanian E. Sanguinarine improved nutrient digestibility, hepatic health indices and productive performance in laying hens fed low crude protein diets. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:800-811. [PMID: 33570254 PMCID: PMC8136927 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A major mean to minimize feeding costs and faecal nitrogen excretion on poultry farms is to decrease the supplied dietary protein content. This, however, is associated with the declines in productive performance and systemic health indices. Sanguinarine may improve protein efficiency via decreasing the intestinal amino acid decarboxylation and stimulating the tryptophan‐serotonin pathway. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of sanguinarine on the performance, egg yolk biochemical parameters, serum enzyme activities, nutrient digestibility, ovarian follicles, and hepatic health indices in laying hens fed decremental levels of crude protein (CP). For this purpose, 180 laying hens were allocated into nine dietary treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The experimental treatments consisted of three levels of CP (85.0%, 92.5%, and 100% of Hy‐Line W‐36 manual recommendation) and three levels of sanguinarine (0.00, 3.75, and 7.50 mg/kg) in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement administered during a 70‐day feeding trial. Results showed that the decremental levels of CP led to significant increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase (p < .05), alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (p < .01) activities, egg yolk cholesterol concentration (p = .064), and hepatic fat and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents (p < .05). It also caused the significant declines in ileal dry matter (DM) digestibility (p < .05) and eggshell strength (p < .05), and also tended to decrease CP digestibility (p = .071), Haugh unit (p = .057) and egg production percentage (p = .062). The interaction effects of the experimental factors indicated that dietary supplementation of sanguinarine, especially at 7.50 mg/kg, led to significant improvements in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities (p < .01), egg yolk cholesterol (p < .001) and triglyceride (p < .05) concentrations, eggshell strength (p < .001), Haugh unit (p < .05), hepatic fat (p < .001) and MDA (p = .059) contents, ileal DM and CP digestibility (p < .01) as well as egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < .05) in birds receiving decremental levels of CP. Taken together, the results indicate that dietary administration of sanguinarine could enhance productive performance via improving nutrient digestibility, hepatic health indices and fortifying systemic antioxidant capacity in laying hens fed low‐CP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Bavarsadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Ansari-Mahyari
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Jahanian
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemical Constituents. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120246 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra is one of the most popular medicinal plants and it has been used in traditional herbal remedy since ancient times (Blumenthal et al. in Herbal medicine: expanded commission E monographs. Integrative Medicine Communications, Newton, 2000; Parvaiz et al. in Global J Pharmocol 8(1):8–13, 2014; Altay et al. in J Plant Res 129(6):1021–1032, 2016). Many experimental, pharmacological and clinical studies show that liquorice has antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihepatotoxic, antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-hemorrhoid antihyperglycemic, antidiuretic, antinephritic, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anticytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and blood stopper activity.
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Sanguinaria canadensis: Traditional Medicine, Phytochemical Composition, Biological Activities and Current Uses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091414. [PMID: 27618894 PMCID: PMC5037693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguinaria canadensis, also known as bloodroot, is a traditional medicine used by Native Americans to treat a diverse range of clinical conditions. The plants rhizome contains several alkaloids that individually target multiple molecular processes. These bioactive compounds, mechanistically correlate with the plant’s history of ethnobotanical use. Despite their identification over 50 years ago, the alkaloids of S. canadensis have not been developed into successful therapeutic agents. Instead, they have been associated with clinical toxicities ranging from mouthwash induced leukoplakia to cancer salve necrosis and treatment failure. This review explores the historical use of S. canadensis, the molecular actions of the benzophenanthridine and protopin alkaloids it contains, and explores natural alkaloid variation as a possible rationale for the inconsistent efficacy and toxicities encountered by S.canadensis therapies. Current veterinary and medicinal uses of the plant are studied with an assessment of obstacles to the pharmaceutical development of S. canadensis alkaloid based therapeutics.
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George L, Ramasamy T, Manickam V, Iyer SK, Radhakrishnan V. Novel phenanthridine (PHE-4i) derivative inhibits carrageenan-induced rat hind paw oedema through suppression of hydrogen sulfide. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:173-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abbas AM, Sakr HF. Effect of magnesium sulfate and thyroxine on inflammatory markers in a rat model of hypothyroidism. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:426-32. [PMID: 26854732 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) has anti-inflammatory actions. Therefore we investigated the effects of levothyroxine and MgSO4 on inflammatory markers as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in hypothyroid rats. Sixty male rats were divided into 6 groups; normal, normal + MgSO4, hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism + levothyroxine, hypothyroidism + MgSO4, and hypothyroidism + levothyroxine + MgSO4. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), CRP, interleukin-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were measured in all rats. Hypothyroidism significantly increased TSH, CRP, interleukin-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 and decreased triiodothronine and thyroxine. Treatment of hypothyroid rats with levothyroxine or MgSO4 significantly decreased CRP, interleukin-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Combined therapy of hypothyroid rats with levothyroxine and MgSO4 significantly decreased CRP, interleukin-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 compared with hypothyroid rats either untreated or treated with levothyroxine or MgSO4. This study demonstrates that hypothyroid rats have chronic low grade inflammation, which may account for increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Combined levothyroxine and MgSO4 is better than levothyroxine or MgSO4 alone in alleviating the chronic low grade inflammatory status and therefore reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in hypothyroid animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M Abbas
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box: 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box: 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hussein F Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box: 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box: 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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Rozmer Z, Perjési P. Naturally occurring chalcones and their biological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Wu X, Tang S, Jin Y, Wang S, Wang X, Hattori M, Zhang H, Wang Z. Determination of the metabolic profile of gentianine after oral administration to rats by high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 989:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bilgir F, Bilgir O, Calan M, Calan O, Isikyakar T. Subclinical hypothyroidism: Comparison of adhesion molecule levels before and after levothyroxine therapy. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:806-14. [PMID: 24842531 DOI: 10.1177/0300060514526566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adhesion molecules are involved in inflammation, atherosclerosis and malignancy. This study measured levels of adhesion molecules before and after levothyroxine therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO). METHODS Levels of soluble (s) intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, s vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) VCAM-1 and sE-selectin were analysed in patients diagnosed with SHO, prior to administration of 50 µg/day levothyroxine orally for 3 months. Subsequently, levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin were reanalysed then compared with the pretreatment levels. RESULTS In 30 patients with SHO, levels of sICAM-1 were found to be significantly higher than those in healthy controls, (P = 0.001). Post-treatment sICAM-1 levels were significantly lower than pretreatment levels (P = 0.001). No significant differences were found in sVCAM-1 or sE-selectin levels between healthy controls and patients with SHO before treatment, or between patients with SHO pre- and post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SHO had significantly higher levels of sICAM-1 compared with controls. Levels became normal after treatment with levothyroxine. These findings emphasize the need for levothyroxine therapy in cases of SHO to normalize sICAM-1 levels. Such treatment helps to prevent the future development of atherosclerosis or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Bilgir
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Celal Bayar University Medical School, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Oktay Bilgir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Calan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, DokuzEylul University Medical School, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Calan
- Department of Biochemistry, Karsiyaka State Hospital, Karsiyaka, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolgay Isikyakar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
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Perera MAD, Robinson JR, Shearn CT, Noble TM, Hallam JE, Kohut ML, Senchina DS. Effects of bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.) rhizome ethanol extracts on cytokine production by blood mononuclear cells during flowering and fruiting. J Herb Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Kao TC, Wu CH, Yen GC. Bioactivity and potential health benefits of licorice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:542-53. [PMID: 24377378 DOI: 10.1021/jf404939f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Licorice is an herbal plant named for its unique sweet flavor. It is widely used in the food and tobacco industries as a sweetener. Licorice is also used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and complementary medicine. Because the use of licorice has long been a part of TCM, the details of its therapeutic applications have been thoroughly established. In modern science, licorice is of interest because of its broad range of applications. Extracts of and compounds isolated from licorice have been well studied and biologically characterized. In this review, we discuss the nutraceutical and functional activities of licorice as well as those of the extracts of and the isolated compounds from licorice, including agents with anti-inflammatory activity, cell-protective abilities, and chemopreventive effects. The side effects of licorice are also enumerated. A comparison of the activities of licorice described by modern science and TCM is also presented, revealing the correspondence of certain characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chien Kao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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20
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Niu X, Fan T, Li W, Huang H, Zhang Y, Xing W. Protective effect of sanguinarine against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 267:256-65. [PMID: 23352506 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The quaternary ammonium salt, sanguinarine (SANG), is of great practical and research interest because of its pronounced, widespread physiological effects, which promote anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory responses in experimental animals. Although SANG is originally shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties and it has been used to treat various inflammatory diseases, its effects on ulcerative colitis have not been previously explored. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of SANG on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Experimental animals received SANG (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and sulfasalazine (500 mg/kg, p.o.) for seven consecutive days after induction of colitis by intra-rectal acetic acid (5% v/v) administration. The colonic mucosal injury was assessed by clinical, macroscopic, biochemical and histopathological examinations. SANG treatment significantly decreased mortality rate, body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), wet colon weight, macroscopic and histological score when compared to acetic acid-induced controls. In addition, administration of SANG effectively inhibited p65 NF-κB protein expression and MPO activity accumulation. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum and colon tissue of mice with experimental colitis were decreased by SANG in a concentration-dependent manner in response to p65 NF-κB. The possible mechanism of protection on experimental colitis was that SANG could be through attenuating early steps of inflammation as well as decreasing the expression of NF-κB and subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokines production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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21
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Wu H, Du LM. IONIC LIQUID–LIQUID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION FOR THE SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF SANGUINARINE AND CHELERYTHRINE IN CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES AND HUMAN URINE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.621156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- a Analytical and Testing Center , Shanxi Normal University , Shanxi Linfen , P. R. China
| | - Li-ming Du
- a Analytical and Testing Center , Shanxi Normal University , Shanxi Linfen , P. R. China
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22
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Niu X, Fan T, Li W, Xing W, Huang H. The anti-inflammatory effects of sanguinarine and its modulation of inflammatory mediators from peritoneal macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 689:262-9. [PMID: 22705062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The quaternary ammonium salt, sanguinarine (SANG), is of great practical and research interest because of its pronounced, widespread physiological effects, which promote anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory responses in experimental animals. Sanguinarine was originally shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties and it has been used to treat various inflammatory diseases. To gain insight into the anti-inflammatory effect of sanguinarine and its mechanisms of action, we used animal models of acute and chronic inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine peritoneal macrophages to examine the anti-inflammatory function of sanguinarine. Sanguinarine displayed significant anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings further demonstrated that sanguinarine potently inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators and inflammation in general. Additionally, our results demonstrated that sanguinarine inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which altered inflammatory mediator synthesis and release in vitro. This study extends our understanding of the anti-inflammatory activity of sanguinarine in acute and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, our findings provide clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of sanguinarine, supporting the naturopathic use of sanguinarine for the treatment of various human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
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Yadav VR, Prasad S, Sung B, Aggarwal BB. The role of chalcones in suppression of NF-κB-mediated inflammation and cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:295-309. [PMID: 21184860 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although consumption of fruits, vegetables, spices, cereals and pulses has been associated with lower incidence of cancer and other chronic diseases, how these dietary agents and their active ingredients minimize these diseases, is not fully understood. Whether it is oranges, kawa, hops, water-lilly, locorice, wax apple or mulberry, they are all connected by a group of aromatic ketones, called chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones). Some of the most significant chalcones identified from these plants include flavokawin, butein, xanthoangelol, 4-hydroxyderricin, cardamonin, 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone, isoliquiritigenin, isosalipurposide, and naringenin chalcone. These chalcones have been linked with immunomodulation, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. The current review, however, deals with the role of various chalcones in inflammation that controls both the immune system and tumorigenesis. Inflammatory pathways have been shown to mediate the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of tumors. How these chalcones modulate inflammatory pathways, tumorigenesis and immune system is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek R Yadav
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
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Michalska K, Marciniuk J, Kisiel W. Sesquiterpenoids and phenolics from roots of Taraxacum udum. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:434-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Separation of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. based on methyl acrylate-co-divinylbenzene macroporous adsorbents. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1192:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Biochemical pharmacology of biflavonoids: Implications for anti-inflammatory action. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:265-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vogt A, McDonald PR, Tamewitz A, Sikorski RP, Wipf P, Skoko JJ, Lazo JS. A cell-active inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases restores paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in dexamethasone-protected cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:330-40. [PMID: 18245669 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 is a dual-specificity phosphatase that negatively regulates the activity of mitogen-activated kinases and that is overexpressed in human tumors. Contemporary studies suggest that induction of MKP-1 during chemotherapy may limit the efficacy of clinically used antineoplastic agents. Thus, MKP-1 is a rational target to enhance anticancer drug activity, but suitable small-molecule inhibitors of MKP-1 are currently unavailable. Here, we have used a high-content, multiparameter fluorescence-based chemical complementation assay for MKP activity in intact mammalian cells to evaluate the cellular MKP-1 and MKP-3 inhibitory activities of four previously described, quinone-based, dual-specificity phosphatase inhibitors, that is, NSC 672121, NSC 95397, DA-3003-1 (NSC 663284), and JUN-1111. All compounds induced formation of reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells, but only one (NSC 95397) inhibited cellular MKP-1 and MKP-3 with an IC(50) of 13 mumol/L. Chemical induction of MKP-1 by dexamethasone protected cells from paclitaxel-induced apoptosis but had no effect on NSC 95397. NSC 95397 phenocopied the effects of MKP-1 small inhibitory RNA by reversing the cytoprotective effects of dexamethasone in paclitaxel-treated cells. Isobologram analysis revealed synergism between paclitaxel and NSC 95397 only in the presence of dexamethasone. The data show the power of a well-defined cellular assay for identifying cell-active inhibitors of MKPs and support the hypothesis that small-molecule inhibitors of MKP-1 may be useful as antineoplastic agents under conditions of high MKP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Vogt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Jin F, Jin XY, Jin YL, Sohn DW, Kim SA, Sohn DH, Kim YC, Kim HS. Structural requirements of 2′,4′,6′-tris(methoxymethoxy) chalcone derivatives for anti-inflammatory activity: The importance of a 2′-hydroxy moiety. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:1359-67. [PMID: 18087801 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Kumar S, Sharma A, Madan B, Singhal V, Ghosh B. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits IκB kinase activity and ROS generation to block TNF-α induced expression of cell adhesion molecules on human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1602-12. [PMID: 17276410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ILTG) is a flavonoid with chalcone structure (4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone), an active component present in plants like Glycyrrhiza and Dalbergia which showed various biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and antihistamic. As very little is known in regard to the underlying mechanism involved in explaining the various activities of the compound, we carried out a detailed study on the effect of ILTG on the expression of cell adhesion molecules on human primary endothelial cells. We demonstrate here that ILTG inhibits TNF-alpha induced adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial monolayer by blocking the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. Since NF-kappaB is a major transcription factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of cell adhesion molecules, thus we studied the status of NF-kappaB activation in ILTG treated endothelial cells. We demonstrate that ILTG inhibits the translocation and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by blocking the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaBalpha. As oxidative stress is also known to regulate the activation of NF-kappaB to modulate TNF-alpha signaling cascade, we tested the effect of ILTG on reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that it inhibits TNF-alpha induced ROS production in endothelial cells. These results have important implications for using ILTG or its derivatives towards the development of effective anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University of Delhi Campus (North), Mall Road, Delhi, India
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A review of anti-infective and anti-inflammatory chalcones. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:125-37. [PMID: 17112640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim YH, Kim J, Park H, Kim HP. Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Synthetic Chalcone Derivatives: Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-Catalyzed Nitric Oxide Production from Lipopolysaccharide-Treated RAW 264.7 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1450-5. [PMID: 17666802 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones belong to the flavonoid family from plant origin and some of them possess anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, several natural and synthetic chalcone derivatives were reported to inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-catalyzed NO production in cell cultures. In the present study, to find the optimal chemical structures and to elucidate their action mechanisms, 41 synthetic chalcones having the substituent(s) on A- and B-rings were prepared and their effects on iNOS-catalyzed NO production were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. When simultaneously added with LPS, 2'-methoxy-3,4-dichlorochalcone (Ch15), 2'-hydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone (Ch29), 2'-hydroxy-3-bromo-6'-methoxychalcone (Ch31) and 2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone (Ch35) among the tested compounds potently inhibited NO production (IC(50)s, 7.1-9.6 muM). The favorable chemical structures were found to be a methoxyl substitution in A-ring at an adjacent position (2' or 6') to carbonyl moiety with/without 2'-(or 6'-)hydroxyl group and 3-halogen substitution in B-ring. When the cellular action mechanisms of Ch15, Ch31 and Ch35 were further examined using Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, it was revealed that Ch15 and Ch31 clearly down-regulated iNOS expression while Ch35 did not. Moreover, Ch15 and Ch31 were proved to suppress the nuclear transcription factor-kappaB activation. From the results, it is suggested that certain chalcone derivatives potently inhibit iNOS-catalyzed NO production by the different cellular mechanisms, iNOS down-regulation and/or iNOS inhibition, depending on their chemical structures. These chalcone derivatives may possibly be used as lead compounds for developing new anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
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Jeng JH, Wu HL, Lin BR, Lan WH, Chang HH, Ho YS, Lee PH, Wang YJ, Wang JS, Chen YJ, Chang MC. Antiplatelet effect of sanguinarine is correlated to calcium mobilization, thromboxane and cAMP production. Atherosclerosis 2006; 191:250-8. [PMID: 16797553 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine is a plant alkaloid present in the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and Poppy fumaria species. Sanguinarine has been used as an antiseptic mouth rinse and a toothpaste additive to reduce dental plaque and gingival inflammation. In this study, we investigated the antiplatelet effects of sanguinarine, aiming to extend its potential pharmacological applications. Sanguinarine inhibited platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen, U46619 and sub-threshold concentration of thrombin (0.05 U/ml) with IC(50) concentrations of 8.3, 7.7, 8.6 and 4.4 microM, respectively. Sanguinarine (5-10 microM) inhibited 10-31% of platelet TXB(2) production, but not platelet aggregation induced by higher concentration of thrombin (0.1 U/ml). SQ29548, a thromboxane receptor antagonist, inhibited the AA-induced platelet aggregation but not TXB(2) production. Sanguinarine suppressed cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity (IC(50)=28 microM), whereas its effect on COX-2 activity was minimal. Sanguinarine (8, 10 microM) further inhibited the AA-induced Ca(2+) mobilization by 27-62%. In addition, SQ22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, attenuated the inhibitory effect of sanguinarine toward AA-induced platelet Ca(2+) mobilization and aggregation. These results suggest that sanguinarine is a potent antiplatelet agent, which activates adenylate cyclase, inhibits platelet Ca(2+) mobilization, TXB(2) production as well as suppresses COX-1 enzyme activity. Sanguinarine may have therapeutic potential for treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Leiro J, García D, Arranz JA, Delgado R, Sanmartín ML, Orallo F. An Anacardiaceae preparation reduces the expression of inflammation-related genes in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:991-1003. [PMID: 15222974 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2003] [Revised: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 02/05/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an aqueous extract of the stem bark of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae; Vimang), which contains a defined mixture of components including polyphenols (principally mangiferin, MA), triterpenes, phytosteroids, fatty acids and microelements, on expression of inflammation mediators in inflammatory murine macrophages after stimulation in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In vitro treatment with Vimang at 4 microg/ml reduced levels of NOS-2 mRNA and NOS-2, while treatment at 40 microg/ml also reduced levels of COX-2 mRNA, COX-2, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Results suggested that MA is involved in these effects. In vitro treatment with Vimang at 40 microg/ml also inhibited mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), but did not affect mRNA levels of IL-6 or tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Extracellular release of TNF-alpha by inflammatory macrophages was inhibited by in vitro treatment with Vimang at the same concentrations that showed inhibition of TNF-alpha mRNA levels. The inhibition of TNF-alpha production appears to be at least partially attributable to MA. Vimang at 4 microg/ml decreased mRNA levels of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) but did not affect expression of the NF-kappaB inhibitor (IkappaB). These data indicate that the potent anti-inflammatory effects of Vimang are due to selective modulation of the expression of inflammation-related genes, leading to attenuation of macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leiro
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones y Análisis Alimentarios, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira, sn, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Vogt A, Tamewitz A, Skoko J, Sikorski RP, Giuliano KA, Lazo JS. The Benzo[c]phenanthridine Alkaloid, Sanguinarine, Is a Selective, Cell-active Inhibitor of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:19078-86. [PMID: 15753082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m501467200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a dual specificity phosphatase that is overexpressed in many human tumors and can protect cells from apoptosis caused by DNA-damaging agents or cellular stress. Small molecule inhibitors of MKP-1 have not been reported, in part because of the lack of structural guidance for inhibitor design and definitive assays for MKP-1 inhibition in intact cells. Herein we have exploited a high content chemical complementation assay to analyze a diverse collection of pure natural products for cellular MKP-1 inhibition. Using two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics, we identified sanguinarine, a plant alkaloid with known antibiotic and antitumor activity but no primary cellular target, as a potent and selective inhibitor of MKP-1. Sanguinarine inhibited cellular MKP-1 with an IC50 of 10 microM and showed selectivity for MKP-1 over MKP-3. Sanguinarine also inhibited MKP-1 and the MKP-1 like phosphatase, MKP-L, in vitro with IC50 values of 17.3 and 12.5 microM, respectively, and showed 5-10-fold selectivity for MKP-3 and MKP-1 over VH-1-related phosphatase, Cdc25B2, or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B. In a human tumor cell line with high MKP-1 levels, sanguinarine caused enhanced ERK and JNK/SAPK phosphorylation. A close congener of sanguinarine, chelerythrine, also inhibited MKP-1 in vitro and in whole cells, and activated ERK and JNK/SAPK. In contrast, sanguinarine analogs lacking the benzophenanthridine scaffold did not inhibit MKP-1 in vitro or in cells nor did they cause ERK or JNK/SAPK phosphorylation. These data illustrate the utility of a chemical complementation assay linked with multiparameter high content cellular screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Vogt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Da-Cunha EVL, Fechinei IM, Guedes DN, Barbosa-Filho JM, Da Silva MS. Protoberberine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2005; 62:1-75. [PMID: 16265921 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(05)62001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Uchiumi F, Hatano T, Ito H, Yoshida T, Tanuma SI. Transcriptional suppression of the HIV promoter by natural compounds. Antiviral Res 2003; 58:89-98. [PMID: 12719011 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tannins and lignins are natural compounds contained in plants such as tea leaves. Previously, we demonstrated that tannic acid represses 12-o-tetra-decanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a 30-bp element located just downstream of the NF-kappaB element in the HIV promoter responds negatively to tannic acid. However, the kinds of molecules responsible for this suppressive effect have remained unknown, because tannic acid is a mixture of various galloylglucoses. Here, we examined structure-defined natural compounds for HIV promoter-suppressive effects. We found that ellagitannins suppress TPA-induced HIV promoter activity to the same extent as tannic acid. 3-phenylcoumarins, isoflavone and chalcones have more suppressive effects than ellagitannins. On the other hand, other flavonoids and acetogenins have no suppressive effect. 3-phenylcoumarins and chalcones showed no suppressive effect on the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, suggesting that they act specifically on the HIV promoter. These results suggest that 3-phenylcoumarin or chalcone compounds could be used to develop novel anti-HIV drugs with an action targeted at HIV promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
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