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Zheng Y, Li Y, Li M, Wang R, Jiang Y, Zhao M, Lu J, Li R, Li X, Shi S. COVID-19 cooling: Nanostrategies targeting cytokine storm for controlling severe and critical symptoms. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:738-811. [PMID: 37990647 DOI: 10.1002/med.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continue to wreak havoc worldwide, the "Cytokine Storm" (CS, also known as the inflammatory storm) or Cytokine Release Syndrome has reemerged in the public consciousness. CS is a significant contributor to the deterioration of infected individuals. Therefore, CS control is of great significance for the treatment of critically ill patients and the reduction of mortality rates. With the occurrence of variants, concerns regarding the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs with a broad spectrum have grown. We should make an effort to modernize treatment strategies to address the challenges posed by mutations. Thus, in addition to the requirement for additional clinical data to monitor the long-term effects of vaccines and broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, we can use CS as an entry point and therapeutic target to alleviate the severity of the disease in patients. To effectively combat the mutation, new technologies for neutralizing or controlling CS must be developed. In recent years, nanotechnology has been widely applied in the biomedical field, opening up a plethora of opportunities for CS. Here, we put forward the view of cytokine storm as a therapeutic target can be used to treat critically ill patients by expounding the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and CS and the mechanisms associated with CS. We pay special attention to the representative strategies of nanomaterials in current neutral and CS research, as well as their potential chemical design and principles. We hope that the nanostrategies described in this review provide attractive treatment options for severe and critical COVID-19 caused by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Li
- Health Management Centre, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Lacinski RA, Dziadowicz SA, Stewart A, Chaharbakhshi E, Akhter H, Pisquiy JJ, Victory JH, Hardham JB, Chew C, Prorock A, Bao Y, Sol-Church K, Hobbs GR, Klein E, Nalesnik MA, Hu G, de Oliveira A, Santiago SP, Lindsey BA. Nanosphere pharmacodynamics improves safety of immunostimulatory cytokine therapy. iScience 2024; 27:108836. [PMID: 38303687 PMCID: PMC10831265 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of interleukin (IL)-12 induces potent anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical cancer models through the systemic activation of effector immune cells and release of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-12-loaded PLGA nanospheres (IL12ns) are hypothesized to improve therapeutic efficacy and thwart unwanted side effects observed in previous human clinical trials. Through the investigation of peripheral blood and local tissue immune responses in healthy BALB/c mice, the immune-protective pharmacodynamics of IL12ns were suggested. Nanospheres increased pro-inflammatory plasma cytokines/chemokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL10) without inducing maladaptive transcriptomic signatures in circulating peripheral immune cells. Gene expression profiling revealed activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in systemic tissues, the likely source of these effector cytokines. These data support that nanosphere pharmacodynamics, including shielding IL-12 from circulating immune cells, depositing peripherally in systemic immune tissues, and then slowly eluting bioactive cytokine, thereafter, are essential to safe immunostimulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Lacinski
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Sebastian A. Dziadowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Amanda Stewart
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Edwin Chaharbakhshi
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Halima Akhter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - John J. Pisquiy
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Jack H. Victory
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Joshua B. Hardham
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Claude Chew
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alyson Prorock
- Genome Analysis & Technology Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Yongde Bao
- Genome Analysis & Technology Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Genome Analysis & Technology Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Gerald R. Hobbs
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Michael A. Nalesnik
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Ana de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Stell P. Santiago
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Brock A. Lindsey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Du L, Bouzidi MS, Gala A, Deiter F, Billaud JN, Yeung ST, Dabral P, Jin J, Simmons G, Dossani ZY, Niki T, Ndhlovu LC, Greenland JR, Pillai SK. Human galectin-9 potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in airway epithelial cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad030. [PMID: 37127426 PMCID: PMC10668544 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused a global economic and health crisis. Recently, plasma levels of galectin-9 (Gal-9), a β-galactoside-binding lectin involved in immune regulation and viral immunopathogenesis, were reported to be elevated in the setting of severe COVID-19 disease. However, the impact of Gal-9 on SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunopathology remained to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that Gal-9 treatment potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs), including immortalized AECs and primary AECs cultured at the air-liquid interface. Gal-9-glycan interactions promote SARS-CoV-2 attachment and entry into AECs in an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-dependent manner, enhancing the binding of the viral spike protein to ACE2. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Gal-9 and SARS-CoV-2 infection synergistically induced the expression of key pro-inflammatory programs in AECs, including the IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, EIF2, and TNFα signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that manipulation of Gal-9 should be explored as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Mohamed S Bouzidi
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Akshay Gala
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Fred Deiter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0410, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | | | - Stephen T Yeung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Prerna Dabral
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Zain Y Dossani
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Immunology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 760-0016, Japan
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0410, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Satish K Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
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Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ramos AM, Ortiz A. Regulated cell death pathways in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:281-299. [PMID: 36959481 PMCID: PMC10035496 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of cell number that result from an imbalance between the death of parenchymal cells and the proliferation or recruitment of maladaptive cells contributes to the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Acute kidney injury can result from an acute loss of kidney epithelial cells. In chronic kidney disease, loss of kidney epithelial cells leads to glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy, whereas interstitial inflammation and fibrosis result from an excess of leukocytes and myofibroblasts. Other conditions, such as acquired cystic disease and kidney cancer, are characterized by excess numbers of cyst wall and malignant cells, respectively. Cell death modalities act to clear unwanted cells, but disproportionate responses can contribute to the detrimental loss of kidney cells. Indeed, pathways of regulated cell death - including apoptosis and necrosis - have emerged as central events in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Modes of regulated necrosis, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis may cause kidney injury directly or through the recruitment of immune cells and stimulation of inflammatory responses. Importantly, multiple layers of interconnections exist between different modalities of regulated cell death, including shared triggers, molecular components and protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Sanz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian M Ramos
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Jiang RM, Zheng YJ, Zhou L, Feng LZ, Ma L, Xu BP, Xu HM, Liu W, Xie ZD, Deng JK, Xiong LJ, Luo WJ, Liu ZS, Shu SN, Wang JS, Jiang Y, Shang YX, Liu M, Gao LW, Wei Z, Liu GH, Gang Liu, Xiang W, Cui YX, Lu G, Lu M, Lu XX, Jin RM, Bai Y, Ye LP, Zhao DC, Shen AD, Ma X, Lu QH, Xue FX, Shao JB, Wang TY, Zhao ZY, Li XW, Yang YH, Shen KL. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of monkeypox in children: an experts' consensus statement. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:231-242. [PMID: 36409451 PMCID: PMC9685019 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease. Since the first human monkeypox case was detected in 1970, it has been prevalent in some countries in central and western Africa. Since May 2022, monkeypox cases have been reported in more than 96 non-endemic countries and regions worldwide. As of September 14, 2022, there have been more than 58,200 human monkeypox cases, and there is community transmission. The cessation of smallpox vaccination in 1980, which had some cross-protection with monkeypox, resulted in a general lack of immunity to monkeypox, which caused global concern and vigilance. As of September 14, 2022, there are four monkeypox cases in China, including three in Taiwan province and one in Hong Kong city. Previous foreign studies have shown that children are vulnerable to monkeypox and are also at high risk for severe disease or complications. In order to improve pediatricians' understanding of monkeypox and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and early disposal, we have organized national authoritative experts in pediatric infection, respiratory, dermatology, critical care medicine, infectious diseases, and public health and others to formulate this expert consensus, on the basis of the latest "Clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox" released by The World Health Organization, the "guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (version 2022)" issued by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and other relevant documents. During the development of this consensus, multidisciplinary experts have repeatedly demonstrated the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, prevention, disposal process, and key points of prevention and control of suspected and confirmed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Meng Jiang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yue-Jie Zheng
- Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Branch for Emerging Infectious Disease, Public Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lu-Zhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine & Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Bao-Ping Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Zheng-De Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ji-Kui Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Li-Juan Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wan-Jun Luo
- Office of Infection Management, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Sai-Nan Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-She Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health(Shanghai), Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Shang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li-Wei Gao
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhuang Wei
- Children's Health Care Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Guang-Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570312, China
| | - Yu-Xia Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Gen Lu
- Department of Respiratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Lu
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Run-Ming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Le-Ping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Dong-Chi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - A-Dong Shen
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Respiratory, Jinan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Qing-Hua Lu
- Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Feng-Xia Xue
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jian-Bo Shao
- Radiology Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Tian-You Wang
- Hematology and Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Behavior, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xing-Wang Li
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yong-Hong Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Kun-Ling Shen
- Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
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The Prediction Value of D-Dimer on Prognosis in Intensive Care Unit among Old Patients ( ≥65 Years): A 9-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study of 9261 Cases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2238985. [PMID: 36193080 PMCID: PMC9526612 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2238985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background D-dimer (DD) has been indicated as a potential indicator due to its connection with the prognosis of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aging is linked to elevated DD levels in coagulation activation. However, few studies have investigated the correlation of DD with prognosis, especially in the old population. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the correlation of DD with prognosis in shock and perioperative populations over 65 years of age. Methods We analyzed 9261 old patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with either confirmed shock or in perioperative period of high-risk surgery, with 8813 of them had DD levels determined on admission. In-hospital mortality, length of ICU stay and ventilation time (VT) associated variables were assessed using generalized linear models. Results Although DD levels had no positive correlations with in-hospital mortality (RR, 1.006; 95% CI, 0.998-1.014) and length of ICU stay (RR, 1.012; 95% CI, 0.997-1.028) in Model 3, they were strongly correlated with VT (RR, 1.577; 95% CI, 1.024-2.064). Higher DD levels in females (RR, 1.804; 95% CI, 1.116-2.602), those who used antibiotics (RR, 1.736; 95% CI, 1.092-2.453), those with surgery (RR, 1.640; 95% CI, 1.273-2.114), and those with shock (RR, 1.740; 95% CI, 1.001-2.687) had stronger correlation with longer VT than the counterparts. While patients who were between 65 and 74 years old (RR, 1.023; 95% CI, 1.003–1.043), with no use of antibiotics (RR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.001–1.013) nor shock (RR, 1.011; 95% CI, 1.002–1.021), but had undergone surgical procedures (RR, 1.030; 95% CI, 1.012–1.048) were correlated with a longer ICU length of stay. Conclusion DD levels at ICU admission are highly related to increased VT and length of ICU stay in the old population with either confirmed shock or after high-risk surgery, indicating the strong potential of DD as a marker with prognostic utility for all ICU patients in the future.
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Renalase Challenges the Oxidative Stress and Fibroproliferative Response in COVID-19. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4032704. [PMID: 36132227 PMCID: PMC9484957 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4032704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology was reported to be an inappropriate and uncontrolled immune response, evidenced by activated macrophages, and a robust surge of proinflammatory cytokines, followed by the release of reactive oxygen species, that synergistically result in acute respiratory distress syndrome, fibroproliferative lung response, and possibly even death. For these reasons, all identified risk factors and pathophysiological processes of COVID-19, which are feasible for the prevention and treatment, should be addressed in a timely manner. Accordingly, the evolving anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic therapy for severe COVID-19 and hindering post-COVID-19 fibrosis development should be comprehensively investigated. Experimental evidence indicates that renalase, a novel amino-oxidase, derived from the kidneys, exhibits remarkable organ protection, robustly addressing the most powerful pathways of cell trauma: inflammation and oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis. As demonstrated, systemic renalase administration also significantly alleviates experimentally induced organ fibrosis and prevents adverse remodeling. The recognition that renalase exerts cytoprotection via sirtuins activation, by raising their NAD+ levels, provides a “proof of principle” for renalase being a biologically impressive molecule that favors cell protection and survival and maybe involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. This premise supports the rationale that renalase's timely supplementation may prove valuable for pathologic conditions, such as cytokine storm and related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, the aim for this review is to acknowledge the scientific rationale for renalase employment in the experimental model of COVID-19, targeting the acute phase mechanisms and halting fibrosis progression, based on its proposed molecular pathways. Novel therapies for COVID-19 seek to exploit renalase's multiple and distinctive cytoprotective mechanisms; therefore, this review should be acknowledged as the thorough groundwork for subsequent research of renalase's employment in the experimental models of COVID-19.
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Jiang L, Chi C, Yuan F, Lu M, Hu D, Wang L, Liu X. Anti-inflammatory effects of anemonin on acute ulcerative colitis via targeted regulation of protein kinase C-θ. Chin Med 2022; 17:39. [PMID: 35346284 PMCID: PMC8962473 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes continuous mucosal inflammation. Anemonin is a natural molecule from the Ranunculaceae and Gramineae plants that exerts anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of anemonin on UC. Methods C57BL/6 mice were administered dextran sulphate sodium (DSS; 3% [w/v]) to establish an animal model of UC. Mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of anemonin. Body weight and the disease activity index (DAI) were recorded. Haematoxylin and eosin staining, RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western blotting were performed to evaluate the histopathological changes and tissue inflammation. HT-29 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anemonin. Cell inflammation was evaluated using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The target proteins of anemonin were predicted using bioinformatics analysis and confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Results Anemonin improved DSS-induced body weight loss, shortened colon length, increased DAI, and induced pathological changes in the colon tissue of mice. Anemonin inhibited DSS-induced colon tissue inflammation as the release of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 was significantly suppressed. Additionally, anemonin attenuated LPS-induced cytokine production in HT-29 cells. PKC-θ was predicted as a target protein of anemonin. Anemonin did not affect PRKCQ gene transcription, but inhibited its translation. PRKCQ overexpression partially reversed the protective effects of anemonin on HT-29 cells. Adeno-associated virus delivery of the PRKCQ vector significantly reversed the protective effects of anemonin on the mouse colon. Conclusions Anemonin has the potential to treat UC. The anti-inflammatory effects of anemonin may be mediated through targeting PKC-θ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.42 Wenhua west road, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunhua Chi
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Gastrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Meiqi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.42 Wenhua west road, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Dongqing Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.42 Wenhua west road, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China.
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9
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Liu J, Lu F, Chen Y, Plow E, Qin J. Integrin mediates cell entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus independent of cellular receptor ACE2. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101710. [PMID: 35150743 PMCID: PMC8828381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is broadly accepted that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its spike protein to recognize the extracellular domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter cells for viral infection. However, other mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry may occur. We show quantitatively that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein also binds to the extracellular domain of broadly expressed integrin α5β1 with an affinity comparable to that of SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2. More importantly, we provide direct evidence that such binding promotes the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 into non-ACE2 cells in a manner critically dependent upon the activation of the integrin. Our data demonstrate an alternative pathway for the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that upon initial ACE2-mediated invasion of the virus in the respiratory system, which is known to trigger an immune response and secretion of cytokines to activate integrin, the integrin-mediated cell invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the respiratory system and other organs becomes effective, thereby promoting further infection and progression of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamnin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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10
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Diamond MS, Kanneganti TD. Innate immunity: the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:165-176. [PMID: 35105981 PMCID: PMC8935980 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, sensing the virus through pattern recognition receptors and activating inflammatory pathways that promote viral clearance. Here, we discuss innate immune processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and the resultant inflammation. Improved understanding of how the innate immune system detects and responds to SARS-CoV-2 will help identify targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe disease and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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11
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Chang Z, An L, He Z, Zhang Y, Li S, Lei M, Xu P, Lai Y, Jiang Z, Huang Y, Duan X, Wu W. Allicin supressed Escherichia coli-induced urinary tract infections by a Novel MALT1/NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:3495-3511. [PMID: 35246671 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03853b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains cause the majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and are resistant to various antibiotics. Therefore, it is imperative to explore novel host-target therapies. As a...
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Chang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Lingyue An
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Zhican He
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Shujue Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Min Lei
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Yongchang Lai
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Shockwave Lithotripsy Research Institute, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Yapeng Huang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
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Köhler T, Schwier E, Praxenthaler J, Kirchner C, Henzler D, Eickmeyer C. Therapeutic Modulation of the Host Defense by Hemoadsorption with CytoSorb ®-Basics, Indications and Perspectives-A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12786. [PMID: 34884590 PMCID: PMC8657779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The "normal" immune response to an insult triggers a highly regulated response determined by the interaction of various immunocompetent cells with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Under pathologic conditions, the massive elevation of cytokine levels ("cytokine storm") could not be controlled until the recent development of hemoadsorption devices that are able to extract a variety of different DAMPs, PAMPs, and metabolic products from the blood. CytoSorb® has been approved for adjunctive sepsis therapy since 2011. This review aims to summarize theoretical knowledge, in vitro results, and clinical findings to provide the clinician with pragmatic guidance for daily practice. English-language and peer-reviewed literature identified by a selective literature search in PubMed and published between January 2016 and May 2021 was included. Hemoadsorption can be used successfully as adjunct to a complex therapeutic regimen for various conditions. To the contrary, this nonspecific intervention may potentially worsen patient outcomes in complex immunological processes. CytoSorb® therapy appears to be safe and useful in various diseases (e.g., rhabdomyolysis, liver failure, or intoxications) as well as in septic shock or cytokine release syndrome, although a conclusive assessment of treatment benefit is not possible and no survival benefit has yet been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Köhler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, 32120 Herford, Germany; (E.S.); (J.P.); (D.H.); (C.E.)
| | - Elke Schwier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, 32120 Herford, Germany; (E.S.); (J.P.); (D.H.); (C.E.)
| | - Janina Praxenthaler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, 32120 Herford, Germany; (E.S.); (J.P.); (D.H.); (C.E.)
| | - Carmen Kirchner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Thoracic Surgery and Proctology, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, 32120 Herford, Germany;
| | - Dietrich Henzler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, 32120 Herford, Germany; (E.S.); (J.P.); (D.H.); (C.E.)
| | - Claas Eickmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, 32120 Herford, Germany; (E.S.); (J.P.); (D.H.); (C.E.)
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Liu T, Wu J, Han C, Gong Z, Regina GL, Chen J, Dou F, Silvestri R, Chen C, Yu Z. RS-5645 attenuates inflammatory cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and LPS by modulating pulmonary microbiota. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3305-3319. [PMID: 34512148 PMCID: PMC8416739 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory cytokine storm is considered an important cause of death in severely and critically ill COVID-19 patients, however, the relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and the host's inflammatory cytokine storm is not clear. Here, the qPCR results indicated that S protein induced a significantly elevated expression of multiple inflammatory factor mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), whereas RS-5645 ((4-(thiophen-3-yl)-1-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone) attenuated the expression of the most inflammatory factor mRNAs. RS-5645 also significantly reduced the cellular ratios of CD45+/IFNγ+, CD3+/IFNγ+, CD11b+/IFNγ+, and CD56+/IFNγ+ in human PBMCs. In addition, RS-5645 effectively inhibited the activation of inflammatory cells and reduced inflammatory damage to lung tissue in mice. Sequencing results of 16S rRNA v3+v4 in mouse alveolar lavage fluid showed that there were 494 OTUs overlapping between the alveolar lavage fluid of mice that underwent S protein+ LPS-combined intervention (M) and RS-5645-treated mice (R), while R manifested 64 unique OTUs and M exhibited 610 unique OTUs. In the alveoli of group R mice, the relative abundances of microorganisms belonging to Porphyromonas, Rothia, Streptococcus, and Neisseria increased significantly, while the relative abundances of microorganisms belonging to Psychrobacter, Shimia, and Sporosarcina were significantly diminished. The results of KEGG analysis indicated that the alveolar microbiota of mice in the R group can increase translation and reduce the activity of amino acid metabolism pathways. COG analysis results indicated that the abundance of proteins involved in ribosomal structure and biogenesis related to metabolism was augmented in the alveolar microbiota of the mice in the R group, while the abundance of proteins involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis was significantly reduced. Therefore, our research results showed that RS-5645 attenuated pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration and the inflammatory storm induced by the S protein and LPS by modulating the pulmonary microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianchao Wu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Changpeng Han
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangbin Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jiulin Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fangfang Dou
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
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14
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Rybalko A, Voronin AV, Karpun NA. Cytokine adsorption and ECMO in patients with COVID-19. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2021; 9:e69-e70. [PMID: 34242579 PMCID: PMC8260102 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Rybalko
- Infectious Disease Center, Voronovskaya Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Voronin
- Infectious Disease Center, Voronovskaya Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai A Karpun
- Infectious Disease Center, Voronovskaya Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
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