1
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Zeitzschel N, Lechner SG. The activation thresholds and inactivation kinetics of poking-evoked PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 currents are sensitive to subtle variations in mechanical stimulation parameters. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2355123. [PMID: 38754025 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2355123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are mechanically activated ion channels that confer mechanosensitivity to various cell types. PIEZO channels are commonly examined using the so-called poking technique, where currents are recorded in the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique, while the cell surface is mechanically stimulated with a small fire-polished patch pipette. Currently, there is no gold standard for mechanical stimulation, and therefore, stimulation protocols differ significantly between laboratories with regard to stimulation velocity, angle, and size of the stimulation probe. Here, we systematically examined the impact of variations in these three stimulation parameters on the outcomes of patch-clamp recordings of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2. We show that the inactivation kinetics of PIEZO1 and, to a lesser extent, of PIEZO2 change with the angle at which the probe that is used for mechanical stimulation is positioned and, even more prominently, with the size of its tip. Moreover, we found that the mechanical activation threshold of PIEZO2, but not PIEZO1, decreased with increasing stimulation speeds. Thus, our data show that two key outcome parameters of PIEZO-related patch-clamp studies are significantly affected by common variations in the mechanical stimulation protocols, which calls for caution when comparing data from different laboratories and highlights the need to establish a gold standard for mechanical stimulation to improve comparability and reproducibility of data obtained with the poking technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Zeitzschel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan G Lechner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Sánchez-Carranza O, Chakrabarti S, Kühnemund J, Schwaller F, Bégay V, García-Contreras JA, Wang L, Lewin GR. Piezo2 voltage-block regulates mechanical pain sensitivity. Brain 2024; 147:3487-3500. [PMID: 38984717 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PIEZO2 is a trimeric mechanically-gated ion channel expressed by most sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia. Mechanosensitive PIEZO2 channels are also genetically required for normal touch sensation in both mice and humans. We previously showed that PIEZO2 channels are also strongly modulated by membrane voltage. Specifically, it is only at very positive voltages that all channels are available for opening by mechanical force. Conversely, most PIEZO2 channels are blocked at normal negative resting membrane potentials. The physiological function of this unusual biophysical property of PIEZO2 channels, however, remained unknown. We characterized the biophysical properties of three PIEZO2 ion channel mutations at an evolutionarily conserved arginine (R2756). Using genome engineering in mice we generated Piezo2R2756H/R2756H and Piezo2R2756K/R2756K knock-in mice to characterize the physiological consequences of altering PIEZO2 voltage sensitivity in vivo. We measured endogenous mechanosensitive currents in sensory neurons isolated from the dorsal root ganglia and characterized mechanoreceptor and nociceptor function using electrophysiology. Mice were also assessed behaviourally and morphologically. Mutations at the conserved Arginine (R2756) dramatically changed the biophysical properties of the channel relieving voltage block and lowering mechanical thresholds for channel activation. Piezo2R2756H/R2756H and Piezo2R2756K/R2756K knock-in mice that were homozygous for gain-of-function mutations were viable and were tested for sensory changes. Surprisingly, mechanosensitive currents in nociceptors, neurons that detect noxious mechanical stimuli, were substantially sensitized in Piezo2 knock-in mice, but mechanosensitive currents in most mechanoreceptors that underlie touch sensation were only mildly affected by the same mutations. Single-unit electrophysiological recordings from sensory neurons innervating the glabrous skin revealed that rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptors that innervate Meissner's corpuscles exhibited slightly decreased mechanical thresholds in Piezo2 knock-in mice. Consistent with measurements of mechanically activated currents in isolated sensory neurons essentially all cutaneous nociceptors, both fast conducting Aδ-mechanonociceptors and unmyelinated C-fibre nociceptors were substantially more sensitive to mechanical stimuli and indeed acquired receptor properties similar to ultrasensitive touch receptors in Piezo2 knock-in mice. Mechanical stimuli also induced enhanced ongoing activity in cutaneous nociceptors in Piezo2 knock-in mice and hyper-sensitive PIEZO2 channels were sufficient alone to drive ongoing activity, even in isolated nociceptive neurons. Consistently, Piezo2 knock-in mice showed substantial behavioural hypersensitivity to noxious mechanical stimuli. Our data indicate that ongoing activity and sensitization of nociceptors, phenomena commonly found in human chronic pain syndromes, can be driven by relieving the voltage-block of PIEZO2 ion channels. Indeed, membrane depolarization caused by multiple noxious stimuli may sensitize nociceptors by relieving voltage-block of PIEZO2 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Sánchez-Carranza
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 10409, Germany
| | - Sampurna Chakrabarti
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 10409, Germany
| | - Johannes Kühnemund
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 10409, Germany
| | - Fred Schwaller
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 10409, Germany
| | - Valérie Bégay
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 10409, Germany
| | - Jonathan Alexis García-Contreras
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 10409, Germany
| | - Lin Wang
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 10409, Germany
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 10409, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Wang C, Ge Y, Huang T, Gao J. Piezo2 Contributes to Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating the RhoA/ROCK1 Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7419-7430. [PMID: 38388773 PMCID: PMC11415480 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to short-term and long-term physical and cognitive impairments, which have significant impacts on patients, families, and society. Currently, treatment outcomes for this disease are often unsatisfactory, due at least in part to the fact that the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of TBI are largely unknown. Here, we observed significant upregulation of Piezo2, a key mechanosensitive ion channel protein, in the injured brain tissue of a mouse model of TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown of Piezo2 after TBI attenuated neuronal death, brain edema, brain tissue necrosis, and deficits in neural function and cognitive function. Mechanistically, the increase in Piezo2 expression contributed to TBI-induced neuronal death and subsequent production of TNF-α and IL-1β, likely through activation of the RhoA/ROCK1 pathways in the central nervous system. Our findings suggest that Piezo2 is a key player in and a potential therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinggang Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesiology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesiology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjuan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesiology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunjin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesiology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesiology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianfeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesiology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesiology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Zhang L, Nagel M, Olson WP, Chesler AT, O'Connor DH. Trigeminal innervation and tactile responses in mouse tongue. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114665. [PMID: 39215998 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The neural basis of tongue mechanosensation remains largely mysterious despite the tongue's high tactile acuity, sensitivity, and relevance to ethologically important functions. We studied terminal morphologies and tactile responses of lingual afferents from the trigeminal ganglion. Fungiform papillae, the taste-bud-holding structures in the tongue, were convergently innervated by multiple Piezo2+ trigeminal afferents, whereas single trigeminal afferents branched into multiple adjacent filiform papillae. In vivo single-unit recordings from the trigeminal ganglion revealed lingual low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs) with distinct tactile properties ranging from intermediately adapting (IA) to rapidly adapting (RA). The receptive fields of these LTMRs were mostly less than 0.1 mm2 and concentrated at the tip of the tongue, resembling the distribution of fungiform papillae. Our results indicate that fungiform papillae are mechanosensory structures and suggest a simple model that links functional and anatomical properties of tactile sensory neurons in the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Zhang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maximilian Nagel
- Sensory Cells and Circuits Section, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William P Olson
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- Sensory Cells and Circuits Section, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel H O'Connor
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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5
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Torell F, Dimitriou M. Local muscle pressure stimulates the principal receptors for proprioception. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114699. [PMID: 39213153 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Proprioception plays a crucial role in motor coordination and self-perception. Muscle spindles are the principal receptors for proprioception. They are believed to encode muscle stretch and signal limb position and velocity. Here, we applied percutaneous pressure to a small area of extensor muscles at the forearm while recording spindle afferent responses, skeletal muscle activity, and hand kinematics. Three levels of sustained pressure were applied on the spindle-bearing muscle when the hand was relaxed and immobile ("isometric" condition) and when the participant's hand moved rhythmically at the wrist. As hypothesized to occur due to compression of the spindle capsule, we show that muscle pressure is an "adequate" stimulus for human spindles in isometric conditions and that pressure enhances spindle responses during stretch. Interestingly, release of sustained pressure in isometric conditions lowered spindle firing below baseline rates. Our findings urge a re-evaluation of muscle proprioception in sensorimotor function and various neuromuscular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Torell
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Dimitriou
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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6
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Herlin MK, Bernth Jensen JM, Andreasen L, Petersen MS, Lønskov J, Thorup MB, Birkebæk N, Mogensen TH, Herlin T, Deleuran B. Monozygotic triplets with juvenile-onset autoimmunity and 18p microdeletion involving PTPRM. Front Genet 2024; 15:1437566. [PMID: 39359478 PMCID: PMC11445036 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1437566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gene dosage from copy number variants has been associated with susceptibility to autoimmune disease. This includes 18p deletion syndrome, a chromosomal disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 50,000 characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphology, and brain abnormalities. The underlying causes for autoimmune manifestations associated with 18p deletions, however, remain unknown. Our objective was to investigate a distinctive case involving monozygotic triplets concordant for developmental delay, white matter abnormalities, and autoimmunity, specifically juvenile-onset Graves' thyroiditis. By chromosomal microarray analysis and whole genome sequencing, we found the triplets to carry a de novo interstitial 5.9 Mb deletion of chromosome 18p11.31p11.21 spanning 19 protein-coding genes. We conducted a literature review to pinpoint genes affected by the deletion that could be associated with immune dysregulation and identified PTPRM as a potential candidate. Through dephosphorylation, PTPRM serves as a negative regulator of STAT3, a key factor in the generation of Th17 cells and the onset of specific autoimmune manifestations. We hypothesized that PTPRM hemizygosity results in increased STAT3 activation. We therefore performed assays investigating PTPRM expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, Th1/Th2/Th17 cell fractions, Treg cells, and overall immunophenotype, and in support of the hypothesis, our investigations showed an increase in cells with phosphorylated STAT3 and higher levels of Th17 cells in the triplets. We propose that PTPRM hemizygosity can serve as a contributing factor to autoimmune susceptibility in 18p deletion syndrome. If confirmed in unrelated 18p/PTPRM deletion patients, this susceptibility could potentially be treated by targeted inhibition of IL-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Krogh Herlin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Magnus Bernth Jensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Andreasen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jonas Lønskov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Birkebæk
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Herlin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Zhang T, Bi C, Li Y, Zhao L, Cui Y, Ouyang K, Xiao B. Phosphorylation of Piezo1 at a single residue, serine-1612, regulates its mechanosensitivity and in vivo mechanotransduction function. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00581-6. [PMID: 39270653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Piezo1 is a mechanically activated cation channel that converts mechanical force into diverse physiological processes. Owing to its large protein size of more than 2,500 amino acids and complex 38-transmembrane helix topology, how Piezo1 is post-translationally modified for regulating its in vivo mechanotransduction functions remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that PKA activation potentiates the mechanosensitivity and slows the inactivation kinetics of mouse Piezo1 and identify the major phosphorylation site, serine-1612 (S1612), that also responds to PKC activation and shear stress. Mutating S1612 abolishes PKA and PKC regulation of Piezo1 activities. Primary endothelial cells derived from the Piezo1-S1612A knockin mice lost PKA- and PKC-dependent phosphorylation and functional potentiation of Piezo1. The mutant mice show activity-dependent elevation of blood pressure and compromised exercise endurance, resembling endothelial-specific Piezo1 knockout mice. Taken together, we identify the major PKA and PKC phosphorylation site in Piezo1 and demonstrate its contribution to Piezo1-mediated physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yaxiong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.
| | - Bailong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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8
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Xiao B. Mechanisms of mechanotransduction and physiological roles of PIEZO channels. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00773-5. [PMID: 39251883 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical force is an essential physical element that contributes to the formation and function of life. The discovery of the evolutionarily conserved PIEZO family, including PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in mammals, as bona fide mechanically activated cation channels has transformed our understanding of how mechanical forces are sensed and transduced into biological activities. In this Review, I discuss recent structure-function studies that have illustrated how PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 adopt their unique structural design and curvature-based gating dynamics, enabling their function as dedicated mechanotransduction channels with high mechanosensitivity and selective cation conductivity. I also discuss our current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles mediated by PIEZO channels, including PIEZO1-dependent regulation of development and functional homeostasis and PIEZO2-dominated mechanosensation of touch, tactile pain, proprioception and interoception of mechanical states of internal organs. Despite the remarkable progress in PIEZO research, this Review also highlights outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailong Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Tsay JS, Chandy AM, Chua R, Miall RC, Cole J, Farnè A, Ivry RB, Sarlegna FR. Minimal impact of chronic proprioceptive loss on implicit sensorimotor adaptation and perceived movement outcome. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:770-780. [PMID: 39081210 PMCID: PMC11427059 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00096.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Implicit sensorimotor adaptation keeps our movements well calibrated amid changes in the body and environment. We have recently postulated that implicit adaptation is driven by a perceptual error: the difference between the desired and perceived movement outcome. According to this perceptual realignment model, implicit adaptation ceases when the perceived movement outcome-a multimodal percept determined by a prior belief conveying the intended action, the motor command, and feedback from proprioception and vision-is aligned with the desired movement outcome. Here, we examined the role of proprioception in implicit motor adaptation and perceived movement outcome by examining individuals who experience deafferentation (i.e., individuals with impaired proprioception and touch). We used a modified visuomotor rotation task designed to isolate implicit adaptation and probe perceived movement outcomes throughout the experiment. Surprisingly, both implicit adaptation and perceived movement outcome were minimally impacted by chronic deafferentation, posing a challenge to the perceptual realignment model of implicit adaptation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested six individuals with chronic somatosensory deafferentation on a novel task that isolates implicit sensorimotor adaptation and probes perceived movement outcome. Strikingly, both implicit motor adaptation and perceptual movement outcome were not significantly impacted by chronic deafferentation, posing a challenge for theoretical models of adaptation that involve proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Tsay
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anisha M Chandy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Romeo Chua
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Chris Miall
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Cole
- University Hospitals, Dorset and Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team-ImpAct, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | - Richard B Ivry
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
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10
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Pratt BG, Lee SYJ, Chou GM, Tuthill JC. Miniature linear and split-belt treadmills reveal mechanisms of adaptive motor control in walking Drosophila. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)01082-0. [PMID: 39216486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
To navigate complex environments, walking animals must detect and overcome unexpected perturbations. One technical challenge when investigating adaptive locomotion is measuring behavioral responses to precise perturbations during naturalistic walking; another is that manipulating neural activity in sensorimotor circuits often reduces spontaneous locomotion. To overcome these obstacles, we introduce miniature treadmill systems for coercing locomotion and tracking 3D kinematics of walking Drosophila. By systematically comparing walking in three experimental setups, we show that flies compelled to walk on the linear treadmill have similar stepping kinematics to freely walking flies, while kinematics of tethered walking flies are subtly different. Genetically silencing mechanosensory neurons altered step kinematics of flies walking on the linear treadmill across all speeds. We also discovered that flies can maintain a forward heading on a split-belt treadmill by specifically adapting the step distance of their middle legs. These findings suggest that proprioceptive feedback contributes to leg motor control irrespective of walking speed and that the fly's middle legs play a specialized role in stabilizing locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Pratt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Su-Yee J Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Grant M Chou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John C Tuthill
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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11
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Espino CM, Nagaraja C, Ortiz S, Dayton JR, Murali AR, Ma Y, Mann EL, Garlapalli S, Wohlgemuth RP, Brashear SE, Smith LR, Wilkinson KA, Griffith TN. Differential encoding of mammalian proprioception by voltage-gated sodium channels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.27.609982. [PMID: 39253497 PMCID: PMC11383322 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.27.609982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Animals that require purposeful movement for survival are endowed with mechanosensory neurons called proprioceptors that provide essential sensory feedback from muscles and joints to spinal cord circuits, which modulates motor output. Despite the essential nature of proprioceptive signaling in daily life, the mechanisms governing proprioceptor activity are poorly understood. Here, we have identified distinct and nonredundant roles for two voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs), NaV1.1 and NaV1.6, in mammalian proprioception. Deletion of NaV1.6 in somatosensory neurons (NaV1.6cKO mice) causes severe motor deficits accompanied by complete loss of proprioceptive transmission, which contrasts with our previous findings using similar mouse models to target NaV1.1 (NaV1.1cKO). In NaV1.6cKO animals, loss of proprioceptive feedback caused non-cell-autonomous impairments in proprioceptor end-organs and skeletal muscle that were absent in NaV1.1cKO mice. We attribute the differential contribution of NaV1.1 and NaV1.6 in proprioceptor function to distinct cellular localization patterns. Collectively, these data provide the first evidence that NaV subtypes uniquely shape neurotransmission within a somatosensory modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrrus M Espino
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chetan Nagaraja
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Serena Ortiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn R Dayton
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Akash R Murali
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yanki Ma
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Emari L Mann
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program at UC Davis, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Snigdha Garlapalli
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ross P Wohlgemuth
- Department of Physiology, Neurobiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Brashear
- Department of Physiology, Neurobiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lucas R Smith
- Department of Physiology, Neurobiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Theanne N Griffith
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Aragona M, Mhalhel K, Pansera L, Montalbano G, Guerrera MC, Levanti M, Laurà R, Abbate F, Vega JA, Germanà A. Localization of Piezo 1 and Piezo 2 in Lateral Line System and Inner Ear of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9204. [PMID: 39273152 PMCID: PMC11395407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezo proteins have been identified as mechanosensitive ion channels involved in mechanotransduction. Several ion channel dysfunctions may be associated with diseases (including deafness and pain); thus, studying them is critical to understand their role in mechanosensitive disorders and to establish new therapeutic strategies. The current study investigated for the first time the expression patterns of Piezo proteins in zebrafish octavolateralis mechanosensory organs. Piezo 1 and 2 were immunoreactive in the sensory epithelia of the lateral line system and the inner ear. Piezo 1 (28.7 ± 1.55 cells) and Piezo 2 (28.8 ± 3.31 cells) immunopositive neuromast cells were identified based on their ultrastructural features, and their overlapping immunoreactivity to the s100p specific marker (28.6 ± 1.62 cells), as sensory cells. These findings are in favor of Piezo proteins' potential role in sensory cell activation, while their expression on mantle cells reflects their implication in the maintenance and regeneration of the neuromast during cell turnover. In the inner ear, Piezo proteins' colocalization with BDNF introduces their potential implication in neuronal plasticity and regenerative events, typical of zebrafish mechanosensory epithelia. Assessing these proteins in zebrafish could open up new scenarios for the roles of these important ionic membrane channels, for example in treating impairments of sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Aragona
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Kamel Mhalhel
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Lidia Pansera
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Guerrera
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Levanti
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Laurà
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Abbate
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - José A Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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13
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Nagase T, Nagase M. Piezo ion channels: long-sought-after mechanosensors mediating hypertension and hypertensive nephropathy. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01820-6. [PMID: 39103520 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in mechanobiology and the discovery of mechanosensitive ion channels have opened a new era of research on hypertension and related diseases. Piezo1 and Piezo2, first reported in 2010, are regarded as bona fide mechanochannels that mediate various biological and pathophysiological phenomena in multiple tissues and organs. For example, Piezo channels have pivotal roles in blood pressure control, triggering shear stress-induced nitric oxide synthesis and vasodilation, regulating baroreflex in the carotid sinus and aorta, and releasing renin from renal juxtaglomerular cells. Herein, we provide an overview of recent literature on the roles of Piezo channels in the pathogenesis of hypertension and related kidney damage, including our experimental data on the involvement of Piezo1 in podocyte injury and that of Piezo2 in renin expression and renal fibrosis in animal models of hypertensive nephropathy. The mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 play various roles in the pathogenesis of systemic hypertension by acting on vascular endothelial cells, baroreceptors in the carotid artery and aorta, and the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Piezo channels also contribute to hypertensive nephropathy by acting on mesangial cells, podocytes, and perivascular mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagase
- Kunitachi Aoyagien Tachikawa Geriatric Health Services Facility, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Nagase
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Thien ND, Hai-Nam N, Anh DT, Baecker D. Piezo1 and its inhibitors: Overview and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116502. [PMID: 38761789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The cation channel Piezo1, a crucial mechanotransducer found in various organs and tissues, has gained considerable attention as a therapeutic target in recent years. Following this trend, several Piezo1 inhibitors have been discovered and studied for potential pharmacological properties. This review provides an overview of the structural and functional importance of Piezo1, as well as discussing the biological activities of Piezo1 inhibitors based on their mechanism of action. The compounds addressed include the toxin GsMTx4, Aβ peptides, certain fatty acids, ruthenium red and gadolinium, Dooku1, as well as the natural products tubeimoside I, salvianolic acid B, jatrorrhzine, and escin. The findings revealed that misexpression of Piezo1 can be associated with a number of chronic diseases, including hypertension, cancer, and hemolytic anemia. Consequently, inhibiting Piezo1 and the subsequent calcium influx can have beneficial effects on various pathological processes, as shown by many in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the development of Piezo1 inhibitors is still in its beginnings, with many opportunities and challenges remaining to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duc Thien
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hai-Nam
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Duong Tien Anh
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Daniel Baecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
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15
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Zhou C, Zhu L, Liu Z, Tong Y, Xu Y, Jiang L, Li X. Whole body vibration training promotes proprioceptive pathway for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in rats. Transl Androl Urol 2024; 13:657-666. [PMID: 38855607 PMCID: PMC11157409 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most ubiquitous form of urinary incontinence in women. The therapeutic management of patients with SUI is challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of whole body vibration training (WBVT) for SUI. Methods Thirty-five female rats were randomly divided into a sham group (Sham group, n=5), SUI + WBVT group (n=15) and SUI + whole body rest group (SUI + WBR group, n=15). The SUI + WBVT group was trained as follows: frequency 30 Hz, amplitude four mm, one min/repeat, four min rest, repeated 10 times, five days/week. After the intervention, five rats were taken on the 7th, 14th and 21st day to observe the urodynamic changes, levator ani muscle and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) morphology, and to observe the expression of neurotrophic factor-3/tyrosine protein kinase C (NT-3/TrkC) by Western blot. Results The urodynamic results showed that the difference in bladder leak point pressure/abdominal leak point pressure (BLPP/ALPP) between the Sham group and the SUI + WBR group was statistically significant (P<0.001) on 7th day, indicating successful modeling. The BLPP/ALPP of the SUI + WBVT group and the SUI + WBR group improved on 7th, 14th, and 21st day, and the BLPP/ALPP of SUI + WBVT group was higher than the SUI + WBR group. Compared with the Sham group, pathological changes appeared in the muscle shuttles in the SUI + WBVT group and SUI + WBR group. Western blot showed a gradual up-regulation of NT-3/TrkC. Conclusions WBVT can be used to treat SUI by affecting the expression of NT-3/TrkC, improving the structural morphology of the proprioceptors, and restoring the urinary control function. This study provides evidence for the clinical practice of WBVT. Future studies could further refine the behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of the assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoxue Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuhong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Hu B, Chen K, Yu Y, Sun C, Zhu D, Bai H, Palli SR, Tan A. The mechanoreceptor Piezo is required for spermatogenesis in Bombyx mori. BMC Biol 2024; 22:118. [PMID: 38769528 PMCID: PMC11106986 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The animal sperm shows high diversity in morphology, components, and motility. In the lepidopteran model insect, the silkworm Bombyx mori, two types of sperm, including nucleate fertile eupyrene sperm and anucleate unfertile apyrene sperm, are generated. Apyrene sperm assists fertilization by facilitating the migration of eupyrene spermatozoa from the bursa copulatrix to the spermatheca. During spermatogenesis, eupyrene sperm bundles extrude the cytoplasm by peristaltic squeezing, while the nuclei of the apyrene sperm bundles are discarded with the same process, forming matured sperm. RESULTS In this study, we describe that a mechanoreceptor BmPiezo, the sole Piezo ortholog in B. mori, plays key roles in larval feeding behavior and, more importantly, is essential for eupyrene spermatogenesis and male fertility. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of BmPiezo function decreases larval appetite and subsequent body size and weight. Immunofluorescence analyses reveal that BmPiezo is intensely localized in the inflatable point of eupyrene sperm bundle induced by peristaltic squeezing. BmPiezo is also enriched in the middle region of apyrene sperm bundle before peristaltic squeezing. Cytological analyses of dimorphic sperm reveal developmental arrest of eupyrene sperm bundles in BmPiezo mutants, while the apyrene spermatogenesis is not affected. RNA-seq analysis and q-RT-PCR analyses demonstrate that eupyrene spermatogenic arrest is associated with the dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, we show that the deformed eupyrene sperm bundles fail to migrate from the testes, resulting in male infertility due to the absence of eupyrene sperm in the bursa copulatrix and spermatheca. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our studies thus uncover a new role for Piezo in regulating spermatogenesis and male fertility in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China.
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Chenxin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Dalin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA
| | - Anjiang Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China.
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17
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Zhang L, Nagel M, Olson WP, Chesler AT, O'Connor DH. Trigeminal innervation and tactile responses in mouse tongue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.17.553449. [PMID: 37645855 PMCID: PMC10462066 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian tongue is richly innervated with somatosensory, gustatory and motor fibers. These form the basis of many ethologically important functions such as eating, speaking and social grooming. Despite its high tactile acuity and sensitivity, the neural basis of tongue mechanosensation remains largely mysterious. Here we explored the organization of mechanosensory afferents in the tongue and found that each lingual papilla is innervated by Piezo2 + trigeminal neurons. Notably, each fungiform papilla contained highly specialized ring-like sensory neuron terminations that asymmetrically circumscribe the taste buds. Myelinated lingual afferents in the mouse lingual papillae did not form corpuscular sensory end organs but rather had only free nerve endings. In vivo single-unit recordings from the trigeminal ganglion revealed lingual low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs) with conduction velocities in the Aδ range or above and distinct adaptation properties ranging from intermediately adapting (IA) to rapidly adapting (RA). IA units were sensitive to both static indentation and stroking, while RA units had a preference for tangential forces applied by stroking. Lingual LTMRs were not directly responsive to rapid cooling or chemicals that can induce astringent or numbing sensations. Sparse labeling of lingual afferents in the tongue revealed distinct terminal morphologies and innervation patterns in fungiform and filiform papillae. Together, our results indicate that fungiform papillae are mechanosensory structures, while suggesting a simple model that links the functional and anatomical properties of tactile sensory neurons in the tongue.
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18
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Perry SK, Emrick JJ. Trigeminal somatosensation in the temporomandibular joint and associated disorders. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1374929. [PMID: 38784786 PMCID: PMC11111860 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1374929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) consists of bone, cartilage, ligaments, and associated masticatory muscles and tendons that coordinate to enable mastication in mammals. The TMJ is innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CNV), containing axons of motor and somatosensory neurons. Somatosensation includes touch, temperature, proprioception, and pain that enables mammals to recognize and react to stimuli for survival. The somatosensory innervation of the TMJ remains poorly defined. Disorders of the TMJ (TMD) are of diverse etiology and presentation. Some known symptoms associated with TMD include facial, shoulder, or neck pain, jaw popping or clicking, headaches, toothaches, and tinnitus. Acute or chronic pain in TMD stems from the activation of somatosensory nociceptors. Treatment of TMD may involve over- the-counter and prescription medication, nonsurgical treatments, and surgical treatments. In many cases, treatment achieves only a temporary relief of symptoms including pain. We suggest that defining the sensory innervation of the temporomandibular joint and its associated tissues with a specific focus on the contribution of peripheral innervation to the development of chronic pain could provide insights into the origins of joint pain and facilitate the development of improved analgesics and treatments for TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua J. Emrick
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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19
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Yang B, Ma D, Zhu X, Wu Z, An Q, Zhao J, Gao X, Zhang L. Roles of TRP and PIEZO receptors in autoimmune diseases. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e10. [PMID: 38659380 PMCID: PMC11140548 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are pathological autoimmune reactions in the body caused by various factors, which can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. They can be divided into organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases. These diseases usually involve various body systems, including the blood, muscles, bones, joints and soft tissues. The transient receptor potential (TRP) and PIEZO receptors, which resulted in David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2021, attracted people's attention. Most current studies on TRP and PIEZO receptors in autoimmune diseases have been carried out on animal model, only few clinical studies have been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to review existing studies on TRP and PIEZO to understand the roles of these receptors in autoimmune diseases, which may help elucidate novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Yang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Xueqing Zhu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Zewen Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Qi An
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Xinnan Gao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
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20
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Dvorak N, Liu Z, Mouthuy PA. Soft bioreactor systems: a necessary step toward engineered MSK soft tissue? Front Robot AI 2024; 11:1287446. [PMID: 38711813 PMCID: PMC11070535 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1287446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
A key objective of tissue engineering (TE) is to produce in vitro funcional grafts that can replace damaged tissues or organs in patients. TE uses bioreactors, which are controlled environments, allowing the application of physical and biochemical cues to relevant cells growing in biomaterials. For soft musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues such as tendons, ligaments and cartilage, it is now well established that applied mechanical stresses can be incorporated into those bioreactor systems to support tissue growth and maturation via activation of mechanotransduction pathways. However, mechanical stresses applied in the laboratory are often oversimplified compared to those found physiologically and may be a factor in the slow progression of engineered MSK grafts towards the clinic. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the application of complex loading conditions, applying stresses of different types and direction on tissue constructs, in order to better mimic the cellular environment experienced in vivo. Such studies have highlighted the need to improve upon traditional rigid bioreactors, which are often limited to uniaxial loading, to apply physiologically relevant multiaxial stresses and elucidate their influence on tissue maturation. To address this need, soft bioreactors have emerged. They employ one or more soft components, such as flexible soft chambers that can twist and bend with actuation, soft compliant actuators that can bend with the construct, and soft sensors which record measurements in situ. This review examines types of traditional rigid bioreactors and their shortcomings, and highlights recent advances of soft bioreactors in MSK TE. Challenges and future applications of such systems are discussed, drawing attention to the exciting prospect of these platforms and their ability to aid development of functional soft tissue engineered grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Espinosa F, Pop IV, Lai HC. Electrophysiological Properties of Proprioception-Related Neurons in the Intermediate Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0331-23.2024. [PMID: 38627062 PMCID: PMC11055654 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0331-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Proprioception, the sense of limb and body position, is required to produce accurate and precise movements. Proprioceptive sensory neurons transmit muscle length and tension information to the spinal cord. The function of excitatory neurons in the intermediate spinal cord, which receive this proprioceptive information, remains poorly understood. Using genetic labeling strategies and patch-clamp techniques in acute spinal cord preparations in mice, we set out to uncover how two sets of spinal neurons, Clarke's column (CC) and Atoh1-lineage neurons, respond to electrical activity and how their inputs are organized. Both sets of neurons are located in close proximity in laminae V-VII of the thoracolumbar spinal cord and have been described to receive proprioceptive signals. We find that a majority of CC neurons have a tonic-firing type and express a distinctive hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih). Atoh1-lineage neurons, which cluster into two spatially distinct populations, are mostly a fading-firing type and display similar electrophysiological properties to each other, possibly due to their common developmental lineage. Finally, we find that CC neurons respond to stimulation of lumbar dorsal roots, consistent with prior knowledge that CC neurons receive hindlimb proprioceptive information. In contrast, using a combination of electrical stimulation, optogenetic stimulation, and transsynaptic rabies virus tracing, we find that Atoh1-lineage neurons receive heterogeneous, predominantly local thoracic inputs that include parvalbumin-lineage sensory afferents and local interneuron presynaptic inputs. Altogether, we find that CC and Atoh1-lineage neurons have distinct membrane properties and sensory input organization, representing different subcircuit modes of proprioceptive information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Iliodora V Pop
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Helen C Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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22
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Chen Q, Wang X, Huang X, Jiang M, Zhou S. A Case Report of Concurrent Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis, Renal Cell Carcinoma, and Papillary Thyroid Cancer After Renal Transplantation: A Literature Review. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:734-737. [PMID: 38320869 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment option for eligible patients with end-stage renal disease. With advanced transplantation technology and novel immunosuppressive agents, kidney transplant recipients survive significantly longer. However, the chance of developing malignant tumors has increased, posing a serious challenge to the survival of transplanted kidneys and patients. CASE PRESENTATION We report a male patient (the patient's informed consent has been obtained) who underwent kidney transplantation 23 years ago. Subsequently, he developed transplant renal artery stenosis, primary renal clear cell carcinoma, and papillary thyroid cancer. The narrowed blood vessels were dilated through percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and the malignant tumor was removed surgically. Currently, antirejection drugs are regularly taken, and the transplanted kidney function is good. The patient is satisfied with his living conditions. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension that is difficult to control after kidney transplantation should be suspected as a possibility of graft vascular stenosis. When B-ultrasound cannot accurately diagnose it, magnetic resonance angiography should be used as early as possible to clarify the diagnosis and relieve the stenosis before graft dysfunction. Transplantation patients have a high incidence of malignant tumors after surgery, and the risk increases with the prolongation of the disease course. The focus should be on symptomatic treatment of related diseases, and antirejection drugs can be reduced or not reduced as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China; The Medical School of Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China; The Medical School of Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China; The Medical School of Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Mingchen Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China; The Medical School of Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
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23
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Zhao Z, Fan C, Wang S, Wang H, Deng H, Zeng S, Tang S, Li L, Xiong Z, Qiu X. Single-nucleus RNA and multiomics in situ pairwise sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity of the abnormal ligamentum teres in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27803. [PMID: 38524543 PMCID: PMC10958365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common hip deformity in pediatric orthopedics. One of the common pathological changes in DDH is the thickening and hypertrophy of the ligamentum teres. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism responsible for these changes remains unclear. This study represents the first time that the heterogeneity of cell subsets in the abnormal ligamentum teres of patients with DDH has been resolved at the single-cell and spatial levels by snRNA-Seq and MiP-Seq. Through gene set enrichment and intercellular communication network analyses, we found that receptor-like cells and ligament stem cells may play an essential role in the pathological changes resulting in ligamentum teres thickening and hypertrophy. Eight ligand-receptor pairs related to the ECM-receptor pathway were observed to be closely associated with DDH. Further, using the Monocle R package, we predicted a differentiation trajectory of pericytes into two branches, leading to junctional ligament stem cells or fibroblasts. The expression of extracellular matrix-related genes along pseudotemporal trajectories was also investigated. Using MiP-Seq, we determined the expression distribution of marker genes specific to different cell types within the ligamentum teres, as well as differentially expressed DDH-associated genes at the spatial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Zhao
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chuiqin Fan
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiyou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hansheng Deng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuaidan Zeng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shengping Tang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen Luohu Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhu Xiong
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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24
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Ronan EA, Nagel M, Emrick JJ. The anatomy, neurophysiology, and cellular mechanisms of intradental sensation. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1376564. [PMID: 38590718 PMCID: PMC11000636 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1376564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory innervation of the oral cavity enables the detection of a range of environmental stimuli including minute and noxious mechanical forces. The trigeminal sensory neurons underlie sensation originating from the tooth. Prior work has provided important physiological and molecular characterization of dental pulp sensory innervation. Clinical dental experiences have informed our conception of the consequence of activating these neurons. However, the biological role of sensory innervation within the tooth is yet to be defined. Recent transcriptomic data, combined with mouse genetic tools, have the capacity to provide important cell-type resolution for the physiological and behavioral function of pulp-innervating sensory neurons. Importantly, these tools can be applied to determine the neuronal origin of acute dental pain that coincides with tooth damage as well as pain stemming from tissue inflammation (i.e., pulpitis) toward developing treatment strategies aimed at relieving these distinct forms of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Ronan
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maximilian Nagel
- Sensory Cells and Circuits Section, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joshua J. Emrick
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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25
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Xie MX, Lai RC, Xiao YB, Zhang X, Cao XY, Tian XY, Chen AN, Chen ZY, Cao Y, Li X, Zhang XL. Endophilin A2 controls touch and mechanical allodynia via kinesin-mediated Piezo2 trafficking. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:17. [PMID: 38475827 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tactile and mechanical pain are crucial to our interaction with the environment, yet the underpinning molecular mechanism is still elusive. Endophilin A2 (EndoA2) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is documented in the endocytosis pathway. However, the role of EndoA2 in the regulation of mechanical sensitivity and its underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6 mice (8-12 weeks) and male cynomolgus monkeys (7-10 years old) were used in our experiments. Nerve injury-, inflammatory-, and chemotherapy-induced pathological pain models were established for this study. Behavioral tests of touch, mechanical pain, heat pain, and cold pain were performed in mice and nonhuman primates. Western blotting, immunostaining, co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation and patch-clamp recordings were performed to gain insight into the mechanisms. RESULTS The results showed that EndoA2 was primarily distributed in neurofilament-200-positive (NF200+) medium-to-large diameter dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of mice and humans. Loss of EndoA2 in mouse NF200+ DRG neurons selectively impaired the tactile and mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, EndoA2 interacted with the mechanically sensitive ion channel Piezo2 and promoted the membrane trafficking of Piezo2 in DRG neurons. Moreover, as an adaptor protein, EndoA2 also bound to kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B), which was involved in the EndoA2-mediated membrane trafficking process of Piezo2. Loss of EndoA2 in mouse DRG neurons damaged Piezo2-mediated rapidly adapting mechanically activated currents, and re-expression of EndoA2 rescued the MA currents. In addition, interference with EndoA2 also suppressed touch sensitivity and mechanical hypersensitivity in nonhuman primates. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that the KIF5B/EndoA2/Piezo2 complex is essential for Piezo2 trafficking and for sustaining transmission of touch and mechanical hypersensitivity signals. EndoA2 regulates touch and mechanical allodynia via kinesin-mediated Piezo2 trafficking in sensory neurons. Our findings identify a potential new target for the treatment of mechanical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Xiu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ren-Chun Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yi-Bin Xiao
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xian-Ying Cao
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Elderly Health Management in Hainan Province, Haikou, 571137, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - An-Nan Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zi-Yi Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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26
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Hamed YMF, Ghosh B, Marshall KL. PIEZO ion channels: force sensors of the interoceptive nervous system. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38456626 DOI: 10.1113/jp284077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Many organs are designed to move: the heart pumps each second, the gastrointestinal tract squeezes and churns to digest food, and we contract and relax skeletal muscles to move our bodies. Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system detect signals from bodily tissues, including the forces generated by these movements, to control physiology. The processing of these internal signals is called interoception, but this is a broad term that includes a wide variety of both chemical and mechanical sensory processes. Mechanical senses are understudied, but rapid progress has been made in the last decade, thanks in part to the discovery of the mechanosensory PIEZO ion channels (Coste et al., 2010). The role of these mechanosensors within the interoceptive nervous system is the focus of this review. In defining the transduction molecules that govern mechanical interoception, we will have a better grasp of how these signals drive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen M F Hamed
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Britya Ghosh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kara L Marshall
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Lead contact
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27
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Lopez JA, Romero LO, Kaung WL, Maddox JW, Vásquez V, Lee A. Caldendrin Is a Repressor of PIEZO2 Channels and Touch Sensation in Mice. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1402232023. [PMID: 38262725 PMCID: PMC10919251 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1402-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The sense of touch is crucial for cognitive, emotional, and social development and relies on mechanically activated (MA) ion channels that transduce force into an electrical signal. Despite advances in the molecular characterization of these channels, the physiological factors that control their activity are poorly understood. Here, we used behavioral assays, electrophysiological recordings, and various mouse strains (males and females analyzed separately) to investigate the role of the calmodulin-like Ca2+ sensor, caldendrin, as a key regulator of MA channels and their roles in touch sensation. In mice lacking caldendrin (Cabp1 KO), heightened responses to tactile stimuli correlate with enlarged MA currents with lower mechanical thresholds in dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs). The expression pattern of caldendrin in the DRG parallels that of the major MA channel required for touch sensation, PIEZO2. In transfected cells, caldendrin interacts with and inhibits the activity of PIEZO2 in a manner that requires an alternatively spliced sequence in the N-terminal domain of caldendrin. Moreover, targeted genetic deletion of caldendrin in Piezo2-expressing DRGNs phenocopies the tactile hypersensitivity of complete Cabp1 KO mice. We conclude that caldendrin is an endogenous repressor of PIEZO2 channels and their contributions to touch sensation in DRGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue A Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas-Austin, Austin 78712, Texas
| | - Luis O Romero
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, Tennessee
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, Memphis 38163, Tennessee
| | - Wai-Lin Kaung
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas-Austin, Austin 78712, Texas
| | - J Wesley Maddox
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas-Austin, Austin 78712, Texas
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, Tennessee
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas-Austin, Austin 78712, Texas
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28
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Coste B, Delmas P. PIEZO Ion Channels in Cardiovascular Functions and Diseases. Circ Res 2024; 134:572-591. [PMID: 38422173 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system provides blood supply throughout the body and as such is perpetually applying mechanical forces to cells and tissues. Thus, this system is primed with mechanosensory structures that respond and adapt to changes in mechanical stimuli. Since their discovery in 2010, PIEZO ion channels have dominated the field of mechanobiology. These have been proposed as the long-sought-after mechanosensitive excitatory channels involved in touch and proprioception in mammals. However, more and more pieces of evidence point to the importance of PIEZO channels in cardiovascular activities and disease development. PIEZO channel-related cardiac functions include transducing hemodynamic forces in endothelial and vascular cells, red blood cell homeostasis, platelet aggregation, and arterial blood pressure regulation, among others. PIEZO channels contribute to pathological conditions including cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension and congenital syndromes such as generalized lymphatic dysplasia and xerocytosis. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the role of PIEZO channels in cardiovascular functions and diseases. Achievements in this quickly expanding field should open a new road for efficient control of PIEZO-related diseases in cardiovascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Coste
- Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix-Marseille Université - INSERM 1263 - INRAE 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Delmas
- Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix-Marseille Université - INSERM 1263 - INRAE 1260, Marseille, France
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29
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Bai X, Smith HE, Romero LO, Bell B, Vásquez V, Golden A. A mutation in F-actin polymerization factor suppresses the distal arthrogryposis type 5 PIEZO2 pathogenic variant in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 2024; 151:dev202214. [PMID: 38349741 PMCID: PMC10911111 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The mechanosensitive PIEZO channel family has been linked to over 26 disorders and diseases. Although progress has been made in understanding these channels at the structural and functional levels, the underlying mechanisms of PIEZO-associated diseases remain elusive. In this study, we engineered four PIEZO-based disease models using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. We performed an unbiased chemical mutagen-based genetic suppressor screen to identify putative suppressors of a conserved gain-of-function variant pezo-1[R2405P] that in human PIEZO2 causes distal arthrogryposis type 5 (DA5; p. R2718P). Electrophysiological analyses indicate that pezo-1(R2405P) is a gain-of-function allele. Using genomic mapping and whole-genome sequencing approaches, we identified a candidate suppressor allele in the C. elegans gene gex-3. This gene is an ortholog of human NCKAP1 (NCK-associated protein 1), a subunit of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-verprolin homologous protein (WAVE/SCAR) complex, which regulates F-actin polymerization. Depletion of gex-3 by RNAi, or with the suppressor allele gex-3(av259[L353F]), significantly increased brood size and ovulation rate, as well as alleviating the crushed oocyte phenotype of the pezo-1(R2405P) mutant. Expression of GEX-3 in the soma is required to rescue the brood size defects in pezo-1(R2405P) animals. Actin organization and orientation were disrupted and distorted in the pezo-1 mutants. Mutation of gex-3(L353F) partially alleviated these defects. The identification of gex-3 as a suppressor of the pathogenic variant pezo-1(R2405P) suggests that the PIEZO coordinates with the cytoskeleton regulator to maintain the F-actin network and provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of DA5 and other PIEZO-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Bai
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harold E. Smith
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis O. Romero
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Briar Bell
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Andy Golden
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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30
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Tsay JS, Chandy AM, Chua R, Miall RC, Cole J, Farnè A, Ivry RB, Sarlegna FR. Minimal impact of proprioceptive loss on implicit sensorimotor adaptation and perceived movement outcome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.19.524726. [PMID: 36711691 PMCID: PMC9882375 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Implicit sensorimotor adaptation keeps our movements well-calibrated amid changes in the body and environment. We have recently postulated that implicit adaptation is driven by a perceptual error: the difference between the desired and perceived movement outcome. According to this perceptual re-alignment model, implicit adaptation ceases when the perceived movement outcome - a multimodal percept determined by a prior belief conveying the intended action, the motor command, and feedback from proprioception and vision - is aligned with the desired movement outcome. Here, we examined the role of proprioception in implicit motor adaptation and perceived movement outcome by examining individuals who lack proprioception. We used a modified visuomotor rotation task designed to isolate implicit adaptation and probe perceived outcome throughout the experiment. Surprisingly, implicit adaptation and perceived outcome were minimally impacted by deafferentation, posing a challenge to the perceptual re-alignment model of implicit adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Tsay
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Anisha M Chandy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Romeo Chua
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia
| | - R Chris Miall
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan Cole
- University Hospitals, Dorset and Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team - ImpAct, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France
| | - Richard B Ivry
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
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31
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Gan Y, Chen Y, Zhong H, Liu Z, Geng J, Wang H, Wang W. Gut microbes in central nervous system development and related disorders. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1288256. [PMID: 38343438 PMCID: PMC10854220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between gut microbiota and central nervous system (CNS) development has garnered significant research attention in recent years. Evidence suggests bidirectional communication between the CNS and gut microbiota through the brain-gut axis. As a long and complex process, CNS development is highly susceptible to both endogenous and exogenous factors. The gut microbiota impacts the CNS by regulating neurogenesis, myelination, glial cell function, synaptic pruning, and blood-brain barrier permeability, with implication in various CNS disorders. This review outlines the relationship between gut microbiota and stages of CNS development (prenatal and postnatal), emphasizing the integral role of gut microbes. Furthermore, the review explores the implications of gut microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, Rett syndrome, and Angelman syndrome, offering insights into early detection, prompt intervention, and innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Gan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huijie Zhong
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiawei Geng
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wenxue Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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32
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Wang X, Yue M, Cheung JPY, Cheung PWH, Fan Y, Wu M, Wang X, Zhao S, Khanshour AM, Rios JJ, Chen Z, Wang X, Tu W, Chan D, Yuan Q, Qin D, Qiu G, Wu Z, Zhang TJ, Ikegawa S, Wu N, Wise CA, Hu Y, Luk KDK, Song YQ, Gao B. Impaired glycine neurotransmission causes adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e168783. [PMID: 37962965 PMCID: PMC10786698 DOI: 10.1172/jci168783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of spinal deformity, affecting millions of adolescents worldwide, but it lacks a defined theory of etiopathogenesis. Because of this, treatment of AIS is limited to bracing and/or invasive surgery after onset. Preonset diagnosis or preventive treatment remains unavailable. Here, we performed a genetic analysis of a large multicenter AIS cohort and identified disease-causing and predisposing variants of SLC6A9 in multigeneration families, trios, and sporadic patients. Variants of SLC6A9, which encodes glycine transporter 1 (GLYT1), reduced glycine-uptake activity in cells, leading to increased extracellular glycine levels and aberrant glycinergic neurotransmission. Slc6a9 mutant zebrafish exhibited discoordination of spinal neural activities and pronounced lateral spinal curvature, a phenotype resembling human patients. The penetrance and severity of curvature were sensitive to the dosage of functional glyt1. Administration of a glycine receptor antagonist or a clinically used glycine neutralizer (sodium benzoate) partially rescued the phenotype. Our results indicate a neuropathic origin for "idiopathic" scoliosis, involving the dysfunction of synaptic neurotransmission and central pattern generators (CPGs), potentially a common cause of AIS. Our work further suggests avenues for early diagnosis and intervention of AIS in preadolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Prudence Wing Hang Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meicheng Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anas M. Khanshour
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children (SRC), Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Rios
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children (SRC), Dallas, Texas, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zheyi Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiwei Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Carol A. Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children (SRC), Dallas, Texas, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keith Dip Kei Luk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Bornstein B, Watkins B, Passini FS, Blecher R, Assaraf E, Sui XM, Brumfeld V, Tsoory M, Kröger S, Zelzer E. The mechanosensitive ion channel ASIC2 mediates both proprioceptive sensing and spinal alignment. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:135-147. [PMID: 36951012 PMCID: PMC10988735 DOI: 10.1113/ep090776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
By translating mechanical forces into molecular signals, proprioceptive neurons provide the CNS with information on muscle length and tension, which is necessary to control posture and movement. However, the identities of the molecular players that mediate proprioceptive sensing are largely unknown. Here, we confirm the expression of the mechanosensitive ion channel ASIC2 in proprioceptive sensory neurons. By combining in vivo proprioception-related functional tests with ex vivo electrophysiological analyses of muscle spindles, we showed that mice lacking Asic2 display impairments in muscle spindle responses to stretch and motor coordination tasks. Finally, analysis of skeletons of Asic2 loss-of-function mice revealed a specific effect on spinal alignment. Overall, we identify ASIC2 as a key component in proprioceptive sensing and a regulator of spine alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bavat Bornstein
- Department of Molecular GeneticsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Bridgette Watkins
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
| | - Fabian S. Passini
- Department of Molecular GeneticsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ronen Blecher
- Orthopedic DepartmentAssuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel, affiliated to Ben Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShebaIsrael
| | - Eran Assaraf
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShamir Medical Center, Assaf HaRofeh Campus, Zeffifin, Israel, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Xiao Meng Sui
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Stephan Kröger
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular GeneticsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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Lin Y, Lee C, Sung J, Chen C. Genetic exploration of roles of acid-sensing ion channel subtypes in neurosensory mechanotransduction including proprioception. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:66-80. [PMID: 37489658 PMCID: PMC10988671 DOI: 10.1113/ep090762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Although acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated ion channels responsible for sensing tissue acidosis, accumulating evidence has shown that ASICs are also involved in neurosensory mechanotransduction. However, in contrast to Piezo ion channels, evidence of ASICs as mechanically gated ion channels has not been found using conventional mechanoclamp approaches. Instead, ASICs are involved in the tether model of mechanotransduction, with the channels gated via tethering elements of extracellular matrix and intracellular cytoskeletons. Methods using substrate deformation-driven neurite stretch and micropipette-guided ultrasound were developed to reveal the roles of ASIC3 and ASIC1a, respectively. Here we summarize the evidence supporting the roles of ASICs in neurosensory mechanotransduction in knockout mouse models of ASIC subtypes and provide insight to further probe their roles in proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Chen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational MedicineTaipei Medical University and Academia SinicaNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience InstituteTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Han Lee
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Neuroscience Program of Academia SinicaAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jia‐Ying Sung
- Department of Neurology, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience InstituteTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Cheng Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational MedicineTaipei Medical University and Academia SinicaNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Neuroscience Program of Academia SinicaAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan Mouse Clinic – National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
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35
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You X, Wu D, Chen A, Zhou X, Fan H, Jiang Y. Asymmetric expression of PIEZO2 in paraspinal muscles of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:137-146. [PMID: 37840481 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-220440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle imbalance has long been recognized as one of the possible pathogeneses for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). PIEZO2, the susceptibility gene of AIS, has been identified to play an important role in neuromuscular activities. OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the mRNA expression of PIEZO2 between concave and convex paraspinal muscles of AIS patients and to identify the relationship between the ratio of PIEZO2 expression and curve magnitude. METHODS Twenty female AIS patients (right thoracic curve) who underwent spinal correction surgery were divided into moderate (n= 12) and severe (⩾ 70 degrees) curve groups (n= 8). The morphology of the paraspinal muscles was assessed with spinal MRI. Multifidus specimens were collected during surgical operations from the concave and convex sides of the apical region, and mRNA expression of the PIEZO2 gene was compared between sides. The localization of PIEZO2 protein expression was confirmed with the markers PAX7 and PAX3, and the percentage of PIEZO2+ cells was also investigated. RESULTS In the moderate curve group, fatty infiltration in the deep paraspinal muscle was significantly higher on the concave side than on the convex side. There were no differences in deep muscle area, superficial muscle area, or fatty infiltration of superficial paraspinal muscle. The mRNA expression of PIEZO2 was significantly increased on the concave side, and the asymmetric expression predominantly occurred in moderate curves rather than severe ones. PIEZO2 was expressed on satellite cells instead of fibers of the muscle spindle. The percent of PIEZO2+PAX7+ cells in myofibers was significantly higher on the concave side in the moderate curve group, but not in the severe curve group. CONCLUSIONS Asymmetric morphological changes occur in the deep paraspinal muscles of AIS. The PIEZO2 is asymmetrically expressed in the multifidus muscle and is preferentially expressed in satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhe You
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Diwei Wu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anjing Chen
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinran Zhou
- West China Biobanks, West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiquan Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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36
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Kröger S. Experimental Physiology special issue: 'Mechanotransduction, muscle spindles and proprioception'. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1-5. [PMID: 38160398 PMCID: PMC10988673 DOI: 10.1113/ep091431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kröger
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
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37
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Santuz A, Zampieri N. Making sense of proprioception. Trends Genet 2024; 40:20-23. [PMID: 37926636 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Proprioception - the sense of body position in space - is intimately linked to motor control. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge of the proprioceptive system and how advances in the genetic characterisation of proprioceptive sensory neurons in mice promise to dissect its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Santuz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Niccolò Zampieri
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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38
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Bai X, Golden A. Transmembrane protein 120A (TMEM-120A/TACAN) coordinates with PIEZO channel during Caenorhabditis elegans reproductive regulation. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 14:jkad251. [PMID: 38051962 PMCID: PMC10755168 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane protein TMEM120A (also known as TACAN) was presumed to be both a mechanically activated molecule and a lipid-modifying enzyme. TMEM120A has been identified as a negative regulator of the essential excitatory mechanosensitive protein PIEZO2. However, the extent to which TMEM120A mediates PIEZO2's activity during physiological processes remains largely unknown. In this study, we used the Caenorhabditis elegans reproductive tract to explore the functional contribution of tmem-120, the sole TMEM120A/B ortholog, and its genetic interaction with pezo-1 in vivo. tmem-120 was expressed throughout the C. elegans development, particularly in the germline, embryos, and spermatheca. A tmem-120 mutant with a full-length deletion (tmem-120Δ) displayed deformed germline, maternal sterility, and a reduced brood size. In vivo live imaging revealed that pinched zygotes were frequently observed in the uterus of tmem-120Δ mutant animals, suggesting damage during spermathecal contraction. We then employed the auxin-inducible degradation system to degrade TMEM-120 protein in all somatic tissues or the germline, both of which resulted in reduced brood sizes. These findings suggested that multiple inputs of tmem-120 from different tissues regulate reproduction. Lastly, the loss of tmem-120 alleviated the brood size reduction and defective sperm navigation behavior in the pezo-1Δ mutant. Overall, our findings reveal a role for tmem-120 in regulating reproductive physiology in C. elegans, and suggest an epistatic interaction between pezo-1 and tmem-120 when governing proper reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Bai
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andy Golden
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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39
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Bouchatta O, Brodzki M, Manouze H, Carballo GB, Kindström E, de-Faria FM, Yu H, Kao AR, Thorell O, Liljencrantz J, Ng KKW, Frangos E, Ragnemalm B, Saade D, Bharucha-Goebel D, Szczot I, Moore W, Terejko K, Cole J, Bonnemann C, Luo W, Mahns DA, Larsson M, Gerling GJ, Marshall AG, Chesler AT, Olausson H, Nagi SS, Szczot M. PIEZO2-dependent rapid pain system in humans and mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569650. [PMID: 38168273 PMCID: PMC10760115 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The PIEZO2 ion channel is critical for transducing light touch into neural signals but is not considered necessary for transducing acute pain in humans. Here, we discovered an exception - a form of mechanical pain evoked by hair pulling. Based on observations in a rare group of individuals with PIEZO2 deficiency syndrome, we demonstrated that hair-pull pain is dependent on PIEZO2 transduction. Studies in control participants showed that hair-pull pain triggered a distinct nocifensive response, including a nociceptive reflex. Observations in rare Aβ deafferented individuals and nerve conduction block studies in control participants revealed that hair-pull pain perception is dependent on Aβ input. Single-unit axonal recordings revealed that a class of cooling-responsive myelinated nociceptors in human skin is selectively tuned to painful hair-pull stimuli. Further, we pharmacologically mapped these nociceptors to a specific transcriptomic class. Finally, using functional imaging in mice, we demonstrated that in a homologous nociceptor, Piezo2 is necessary for high-sensitivity, robust activation by hair-pull stimuli. Together, we have demonstrated that hair-pulling evokes a distinct type of pain with conserved behavioral, neural, and molecular features across humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmane Bouchatta
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marek Brodzki
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Houria Manouze
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gabriela B. Carballo
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emma Kindström
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Felipe M. de-Faria
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Huasheng Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anika R. Kao
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Oumie Thorell
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jaquette Liljencrantz
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin K. W. Ng
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Frangos
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bengt Ragnemalm
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dimah Saade
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Diana Bharucha-Goebel
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Ilona Szczot
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Warren Moore
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna Terejko
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Biology of Astrocytes Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan Cole
- University Hospitals, Dorset, and University of Bournemouth, UK
| | - Carsten Bonnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Wenquin Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David A. Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Max Larsson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gregory J. Gerling
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Andrew G. Marshall
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexander T. Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Håkan Olausson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Saad S. Nagi
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Senior author
| | - Marcin Szczot
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Senior author
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40
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Silsby M, Feldman EL, Dortch RD, Roth A, Haroutounian S, Rajabally YA, Vucic S, Shy ME, Oaklander AL, Simon NG. Advances in diagnosis and management of distal sensory polyneuropathies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:1025-1039. [PMID: 36997315 PMCID: PMC10544692 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-328489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is characterised by length-dependent, sensory-predominant symptoms and signs, including potentially disabling symmetric chronic pain, tingling and poor balance. Some patients also have or develop dysautonomia or motor involvement depending on whether large myelinated or small fibres are predominantly affected. Although highly prevalent, diagnosis and management can be challenging. While classic diabetes and toxic causes are well-recognised, there are increasingly diverse associations, including with dysimmune, rheumatological and neurodegenerative conditions. Approximately half of cases are initially considered idiopathic despite thorough evaluation, but often, the causes emerge later as new symptoms develop or testing advances, for instance with genetic approaches. Improving and standardising DSP metrics, as already accomplished for motor neuropathies, would permit in-clinic longitudinal tracking of natural history and treatment responses. Standardising phenotyping could advance research and facilitate trials of potential therapies, which lag so far. This review updates on recent advances and summarises current evidence for specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Silsby
- Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain and Nerve Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard D Dortch
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alison Roth
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Simon Haroutounian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yusuf A Rajabally
- Inflammatory Neuropathy Clinic, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steve Vucic
- Brain and Nerve Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anne Louise Oaklander
- Nerve Unit, Departments of Neurology and Pathology (Neuropathology), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil G Simon
- Northern Beaches Clinical School, Macquarie University, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales, Australia
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Gabrielle M, Rohacs T. TMEM120A/TACAN: A putative regulator of ion channels, mechanosensation, and lipid metabolism. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2237306. [PMID: 37523628 PMCID: PMC10392765 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2237306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM120A (TACAN) is an enigmatic protein with several seemingly unconnected functions. It was proposed to be an ion channel involved in sensing mechanical stimuli, and knockdown/knockout experiments have implicated that TMEM120A may be necessary for sensing mechanical pain. TMEM120A's ion channel function has subsequently been challenged, as attempts to replicate electrophysiological experiments have largely been unsuccessful. Several cryo-EM structures revealed TMEM120A is structurally homologous to a lipid modifying enzyme called Elongation of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids 7 (ELOVL7). Although TMEM120A's channel function is debated, it still seems to affect mechanosensation by inhibiting PIEZO2 channels and by modifying tactile pain responses in animal models. TMEM120A was also shown to inhibit polycystin-2 (PKD2) channels through direct physical interaction. Additionally, TMEM120A has been implicated in adipocyte regulation and in innate immune response against Zika virus. The way TMEM120A is proposed to alter each of these processes ranges from regulating gene expression, acting as a lipid modifying enzyme, and controlling subcellular localization of other proteins through direct binding. Here, we examine TMEM120A's structure and proposed functions in diverse physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gabrielle
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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de Nooij JC, Zampieri N. The making of a proprioceptor: a tale of two identities. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:1083-1094. [PMID: 37858440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Proprioception, the sense of body position in space, has a critical role in the control of posture and movement. Aside from skin and joint receptors, the main sources of proprioceptive information in tetrapods are mechanoreceptive end organs in skeletal muscle: muscle spindles (MSs) and Golgi tendon organs (GTOs). The sensory neurons that innervate these receptors are divided into subtypes that detect discrete aspects of sensory information from muscles with different biomechanical functions. Despite the importance of proprioceptive neurons in motor control, the developmental mechanisms that control the acquisition of their distinct functional properties and positional identity are not yet clear. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the development of mouse proprioceptor subtypes and challenges in defining them at the molecular and functional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joriene C de Nooij
- Department of Neurology, Division of Translational Neurobiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Motor Neuron Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Niccolò Zampieri
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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MacDonald DI, Jayabalan M, Seaman J, Nickolls A, Chesler A. Pain persists in mice lacking both Substance P and CGRPα signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567208. [PMID: 38076807 PMCID: PMC10705526 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptides Substance P and CGRPα have long been thought important for pain sensation. Both peptides and their receptors are expressed at high levels in pain-responsive neurons from the periphery to the brain making them attractive therapeutic targets. However, drugs targeting these pathways individually did not relieve pain in clinical trials. Since Substance P and CGRPα are extensively co-expressed we hypothesized that their simultaneous inhibition would be required for effective analgesia. We therefore generated Tac1 and Calca double knockout (DKO) mice and assessed their behavior using a wide range of pain-relevant assays. As expected, Substance P and CGRPα peptides were undetectable throughout the nervous system of DKO mice. To our surprise, these animals displayed largely intact responses to mechanical, thermal, chemical, and visceral pain stimuli, as well as itch. Moreover, chronic inflammatory pain and neurogenic inflammation were unaffected by loss of the two peptides. Finally, neuropathic pain evoked by nerve injury or chemotherapy treatment was also preserved in peptide-deficient mice. Thus, our results demonstrate that even in combination, Substance P and CGRPα are not required for the transmission of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Iain MacDonald
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Monessha Jayabalan
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jonathan Seaman
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alec Nickolls
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alexander Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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44
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Liu X, Niu W, Zhao S, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Li J. Piezo1:the potential new therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 184:42-49. [PMID: 37722629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process that occurs in various organs, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to structural damage and, in severe cases, organ failure. Within the fibrotic microenvironment, mechanical forces play a crucial role in shaping cell behavior and function, yet the precise molecular mechanisms underlying how cells sense and transmit these mechanical cues, as well as the physical aspects of fibrosis progression, remain less understood. Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel protein, serves as a pivotal mediator, converting mechanical stimuli into electrical or chemical signals. Accumulating evidence suggests that Piezo1 plays a central role in ECM formation and hemodynamics in the mechanical transduction of fibrosis expansion. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the role of Piezo1 in fibrosis progression, encompassing conditions such as myocardial fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and other fibrotic diseases. The main goal is to pave the way for potential clinical applications in the field of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weipin Niu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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45
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Li Z, Lin D, Luo C, Wei P, Deng B, Li K, Cheng L, Chen Z. The Expression and Function of Piezo Channels in Bladder. Bladder (San Franc) 2023; 10:e21200008. [PMID: 38022708 PMCID: PMC10668602 DOI: 10.14440/bladder.2023.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability for bladder to perceive and analyze mechanical stimuli, such as stretch and filling, is crucial for its functions, such as urinary storage and voiding. The Piezo channel family, including Piezo1 and Piezo2, represents one of the most essential mechanosensitive ion channels in mammals and is involved in a wide array of physiological and pathological processes. It has been demonstrated in numerous investigations that Piezo channels play a key role in mechanical transduction in various types of cells in bladder by converting mechanical stimuli into biological signals. Notably, mounting evidence suggests that Piezo channels are functionally significant for bladder and are related to several bladder disorders. This review systematically summarizes the importance/role and features of Piezo channels in bladder, including their biophysical properties, location, and functions, with attention specifically paid to their association with the physiology and pathophysiology of bladder. This review aims to provide a novel perspective for the future clinical treatment of bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dongxu Lin
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Changcheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Pengyu Wei
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bolang Deng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Langqing Cheng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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46
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Handler A, Zhang Q, Pang S, Nguyen TM, Iskols M, Nolan-Tamariz M, Cattel S, Plumb R, Sanchez B, Ashjian K, Shotland A, Brown B, Kabeer M, Turecek J, DeLisle MM, Rankin G, Xiang W, Pavarino EC, Africawala N, Santiago C, Lee WCA, Xu CS, Ginty DD. Three-dimensional reconstructions of mechanosensory end organs suggest a unifying mechanism underlying dynamic, light touch. Neuron 2023; 111:3211-3229.e9. [PMID: 37725982 PMCID: PMC10773061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Across mammalian skin, structurally complex and diverse mechanosensory end organs respond to mechanical stimuli and enable our perception of dynamic, light touch. How forces act on morphologically dissimilar mechanosensory end organs of the skin to gate the requisite mechanotransduction channel Piezo2 and excite mechanosensory neurons is not understood. Here, we report high-resolution reconstructions of the hair follicle lanceolate complex, Meissner corpuscle, and Pacinian corpuscle and the subcellular distribution of Piezo2 within them. Across all three end organs, Piezo2 is restricted to the sensory axon membrane, including axon protrusions that extend from the axon body. These protrusions, which are numerous and elaborate extensively within the end organs, tether the axon to resident non-neuronal cells via adherens junctions. These findings support a unified model for dynamic touch in which mechanical stimuli stretch hundreds to thousands of axon protrusions across an end organ, opening proximal, axonal Piezo2 channels and exciting the neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Handler
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Song Pang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Tri M Nguyen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Iskols
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Nolan-Tamariz
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart Cattel
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Plumb
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brianna Sanchez
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karyl Ashjian
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aria Shotland
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bartianna Brown
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Madiha Kabeer
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josef Turecek
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle M DeLisle
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Genelle Rankin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wangchu Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elisa C Pavarino
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nusrat Africawala
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Celine Santiago
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei-Chung Allen Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Shan Xu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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47
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Abstract
All cells in the body are exposed to physical force in the form of tension, compression, gravity, shear stress, or pressure. Cells convert these mechanical cues into intracellular biochemical signals; this process is an inherent property of all cells and is essential for numerous cellular functions. A cell's ability to respond to force largely depends on the array of mechanical ion channels expressed on the cell surface. Altered mechanosensing impairs conscious senses, such as touch and hearing, and unconscious senses, like blood pressure regulation and gastrointestinal (GI) activity. The GI tract's ability to sense pressure changes and mechanical force is essential for regulating motility, but it also underlies pain originating in the GI tract. Recent identification of the mechanically activated ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 in the gut and the effects of abnormal ion channel regulation on cellular function indicate that these channels may play a pathogenic role in disease. Here, we discuss our current understanding of mechanically activated Piezo channels in the pathogenesis of pancreatic and GI diseases, including pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, irritable bowel syndrome, GI tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease. We also describe how Piezo channels could be important targets for treating GI diseases.
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48
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Miyamoto S, Kondo T, Maruyama K. Senso-immunology: the past, present, and future. J Biochem 2023; 174:305-315. [PMID: 37461198 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain and mechanical stimulation are thought to be alarm systems that alert the brain to physical abnormalities. When we experience unpleasant feelings in infected or traumatized tissues, our awareness is directed to the afflicted region, prompting activities such as resting or licking the tissue. Despite extensive research into the molecular biology of nociceptors, it was unclear whether their role was limited to the generation and transmission of unpleasant feelings or whether they actively modulate the pathogenesis of infected or traumatized tissues. Recently, it has become clear how the sensory and immune systems interact with one another and share similar receptors and ligands to modify the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this paper, we summarize the mechanisms of crosstalk between the sensory and immune systems and the impact of this new interdisciplinary field, which should be dubbed 'senso-immunology,' on medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 3N7, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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Yu H, Usoskin D, Nagi SS, Hu Y, Kupari J, Bouchatta O, Cranfill SL, Gautam M, Su Y, Lu Y, Wymer J, Glanz M, Albrecht P, Song H, Ming GL, Prouty S, Seykora J, Wu H, Ma M, Rice FL, Olausson H, Ernfors P, Luo W. Single-Soma Deep RNA sequencing of Human DRG Neurons Reveals Novel Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Somatosensation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.533207. [PMID: 36993480 PMCID: PMC10055202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The versatility of somatosensation arises from heterogeneous dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. However, soma transcriptomes of individual human DRG (hDRG) neurons-critical in-formation to decipher their functions-are lacking due to technical difficulties. Here, we developed a novel approach to isolate individual hDRG neuron somas for deep RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). On average, >9,000 unique genes per neuron were detected, and 16 neuronal types were identified. Cross-species analyses revealed remarkable divergence among pain-sensing neurons and the existence of human-specific nociceptor types. Our deep RNA-seq dataset was especially powerful for providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying human somatosensation and identifying high potential novel drug targets. Our dataset also guided the selection of molecular markers to visualize different types of human afferents and the discovery of novel functional properties using single-cell in vivo electrophysiological recordings. In summary, by employing a novel soma sequencing method, we generated an unprecedented hDRG neuron atlas, providing new insights into human somatosensation, establishing a critical foundation for translational work, and clarifying human species-species properties.
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50
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Peternell G, Penasso H, Luttenberger H, Ronacher H, Schlintner R, Ashcraft K, Gardetto A, Ernst J, Kropiunig U. Vibrotactile Feedback for a Person with Transradial Amputation and Visual Loss: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1710. [PMID: 37893428 PMCID: PMC10608000 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: After major upper-limb amputation, people face challenges due to losing tactile information and gripping function in their hands. While vision can confirm the success of an action, relying on it diverts attention from other sensations and tasks. This case report presents a 30-year-old man with traumatic, complete vision loss and transradial left forearm amputation. It emphasizes the importance of restoring tactile abilities when visual compensation is impossible. Materials and Methods: A prototype tactile feedback add-on system was developed, consisting of a sensor glove and upper arm cuff with related vibration actuators. Results: We found a 66% improvement in the Box and Blocks test and an overall functional score increase from 30% to 43% in the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure with feedback. Qualitative improvements in bimanual activities, ergonomics, and reduced reliance on the unaffected hand were observed. Incorporating the tactile feedback system improved the precision of grasping and the utility of the myoelectric hand prosthesis, freeing the unaffected hand for other tasks. Conclusions: This case demonstrated improvements in prosthetic hand utility achieved by restoring peripheral sensitivity while excluding the possibility of visual compensation. Restoring tactile information from the hand and fingers could benefit individuals with impaired vision and somatosensation, improving acceptance, embodiment, social integration, and pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerfried Peternell
- Rehabilitation Clinic Tobelbad, Austrian Workers’ Compensation Board (AUVA), 8144 Tobelbad, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Penasso
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Saphenus Medical Technology GmbH, 2500 Baden, Austria
| | - Henriette Luttenberger
- Rehabilitation Clinic Tobelbad, Austrian Workers’ Compensation Board (AUVA), 8144 Tobelbad, Austria
| | - Hildegard Ronacher
- Rehabilitation Clinic Tobelbad, Austrian Workers’ Compensation Board (AUVA), 8144 Tobelbad, Austria
| | | | - Kara Ashcraft
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
| | - Alexander Gardetto
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery with Hand Surgery and Competence Center for Bionic Prosthetics, Brixsana Private Clinic, 39042 Bressanone, Italy;
| | - Jennifer Ernst
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany;
| | - Ursula Kropiunig
- Rehabilitation Clinic Tobelbad, Austrian Workers’ Compensation Board (AUVA), 8144 Tobelbad, Austria
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