1
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Suzuki T, Zhong Y, Liu K, Kanai T, Itatani J, Okazaki K. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with wavelength-tunable pump and extreme ultraviolet probe enabled by twin synchronized amplifiers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073001. [PMID: 38953720 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We describe a setup for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with wavelength-tunable excitation and an extreme ultraviolet probe. It is enabled by using the 10 kHz twin Ti:sapphire amplifiers seeded by the common Ti:sapphire oscillator. The typical probe energy is 21.7 eV, and the wavelength of the pump excitation is tuned between 2400 and 1200 nm by using the optical parametric amplifier. The spectral width of the extreme ultraviolet probe is 53 meV, and the time resolution is dependent on the wavelength for the pump, better than 60 fs for the pump energy >0.7 eV. This system enables the pump energy to be matched with a specific interband transition and to probe a wider energy-momentum space. We present the results for the prototypical materials of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and Bi2Se3 to show the performance of our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yigui Zhong
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kecheng Liu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Teruto Kanai
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jiro Itatani
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kozo Okazaki
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Material Innovation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Trans-Scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Karashima S, Chen CJ, Suzuki T. Generation of sub-10-fs deep and extreme ultraviolet pulses for time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3777-3780. [PMID: 38950265 DOI: 10.1364/ol.528323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
We present a light source capable of generating sub-10-fs deep UV (DUV) and extreme UV (EUV) pulses for use in time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The fundamental output of a Ti:sapphire laser was compressed using the multi-plate method and mixed with the uncompressed second harmonic in a filamentation four-wave mixing process to generate sub-10-fs DUV pulses. Sub-10-fs EUV pulses were generated via high-order harmonic generation driven by the second harmonic pulses that were compressed using Ar gas and chirped mirrors. The minimum cross correlation time between 267 and 57 nm (corresponding to 21.7 eV) was measured to be 10.6 ± 0.4 fs.
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3
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Beaulieu S, Dong S, Christiansson V, Werner P, Pincelli T, Ziegler JD, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Chernikov A, Wolf M, Rettig L, Ernstorfer R, Schüler M. Berry curvature signatures in chiroptical excitonic transitions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3897. [PMID: 38941460 PMCID: PMC11212730 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The topology of the electronic band structure of solids can be described by its Berry curvature distribution across the Brillouin zone. We theoretically introduce and experimentally demonstrate a general methodology based on the measurement of energy- and momentum-resolved optical transition rates, allowing to reveal signatures of Berry curvature texture in reciprocal space. By performing time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of atomically thin WSe2 using polarization-modulated excitations, we demonstrate that excitons become an asset in extracting the quantum geometrical properties of solids. We also investigate the resilience of our measurement protocol against ultrafast scattering processes following direct chiroptical transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Beaulieu
- Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, CELIA, UMR5107, F33405 Talence, France
| | - Shuo Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas D. Ziegler
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schüler
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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4
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Majchrzak P, Zhang Y, Kuibarov A, Chapman R, Wyatt A, Springate E, Borisenko S, Büchner B, Hofmann P, Sanders CE. Access to the full three-dimensional Brillouin zone with time resolution, using a new tool for pump-probe angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:063001. [PMID: 38829212 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report the first time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) with the new Fermiologics "FeSuMa" analyzer. The new experimental setup has been commissioned at the Artemis laboratory of the UK Central Laser Facility. We explain here some of the advantages of the FeSuMa for TR-ARPES and discuss how its capabilities relate to those of hemispherical analyzers and momentum microscopes. We have integrated the FeSuMa into an optimized pump-probe beamline that permits photon-energy (i.e., kz)-dependent scanning, using probe energies generated from high harmonics in a gas jet. The advantages of using the FeSuMa in this situation include the possibility of taking advantage of its "fisheye" mode of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Majchrzak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yu Zhang
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrii Kuibarov
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Chapman
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Wyatt
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Springate
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Philip Hofmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Charlotte E Sanders
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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5
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Dufresne SKY, Zhdanovich S, Michiardi M, Guislain BG, Zonno M, Mazzotti V, O'Brien L, Kung S, Levy G, Mills AK, Boschini F, Jones DJ, Damascelli A. A versatile laser-based apparatus for time-resolved ARPES with micro-scale spatial resolution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033907. [PMID: 38517258 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
We present the development of a versatile apparatus for 6.2 eV laser-based time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometer spatial resolution (time-resolved μ-ARPES). With a combination of tunable spatial resolution down to ∼11 μm, high energy resolution (∼11 meV), near-transform-limited temporal resolution (∼280 fs), and tunable 1.55 eV pump fluence up to 3 mJ/cm2, this time-resolved μ-ARPES system enables the measurement of ultrafast electron dynamics in exfoliated and inhomogeneous materials. We demonstrate the performance of our system by correlating the spectral broadening of the topological surface state of Bi2Se3 with the spatial dimension of the probe pulse, as well as resolving the spatial inhomogeneity contribution to the observed spectral broadening. Finally, after in situ exfoliation, we performed time-resolved μ-ARPES on a ∼30 μm flake of transition metal dichalcogenide WTe2, thus demonstrating the ability to access ultrafast electron dynamics with momentum resolution on micro-exfoliated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Y Dufresne
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S Zhdanovich
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M Michiardi
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - B G Guislain
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M Zonno
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V Mazzotti
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - L O'Brien
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S Kung
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - G Levy
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A K Mills
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - F Boschini
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - D J Jones
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A Damascelli
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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6
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Hellbrück L, Puppin M, Guo F, Hickstein DD, Benhabib S, Grioni M, Dil JH, LaGrange T, Rønnow HM, Carbone F. High-resolution MHz time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033007. [PMID: 38517259 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) allows for direct mapping of the electronic band structure and its dynamic response on femtosecond timescales. Here, we present a new ARPES system, powered by a new fiber-based femtosecond light source in the vacuum ultraviolet range, accessing the complete first Brillouin zone for most materials. We present trARPES data on Au(111), polycrystalline Au, Bi2Se3, and TaTe2, demonstrating an energy resolution of 21 meV with a time resolution of <360 fs, at a high repetition rate of 1 MHz. The system is integrated with an extreme ultraviolet high harmonic generation beamline, enabling an excellent tunability of the time-bandwidth resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hellbrück
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Puppin
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Physics, Spin Orbit Interaction Spectroscopy (SOIS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Hickstein
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories, 4775 Walnut Street Suite 102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
- Octave Photonics, 325 W South Boulder Rd. Suite B1, Louisville, Colorado 80027, USA
| | - Siham Benhabib
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Phénomènes Ultrarapides Lumière-Solides (PULS), Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marco Grioni
- Laboratory of Electron Spectroscopy (LSE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Hugo Dil
- Institute of Physics, Spin Orbit Interaction Spectroscopy (SOIS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas LaGrange
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henrik M Rønnow
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Carbone
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Pan M, Liu J, Chen F, Wang J, Yun C, Qian T. Time-resolved ARPES with probe energy of 6.0/7.2 eV and switchable resolution configuration. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:013001. [PMID: 38165821 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
We present a detailed exposition of the design for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using a UV probe laser source that combines the nonlinear effects of β-BaB2O4 and KBe2BO3F2 optical crystals. The photon energy of the probe laser can be switched between 6.0 and 7.2 eV, with the flexibility to operate each photon energy setting under two distinct resolution configurations. Under the fully optimized energy resolution configuration, we achieve an energy resolution of 8.5 meV at 6.0 eV and 10 meV at 7.2 eV. Alternatively, switching to the other configuration enhances the temporal resolution, yielding a temporal resolution of 72 fs for 6.0 eV and 185 fs for 7.2 eV. We validated the performance and reliability of our system by applying it to measuring two typical materials: the topological insulator MnBi2Te4 and the excitonic insulator candidate Ta2NiSe5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojun Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junde Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Famin Chen
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chenxia Yun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tian Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Maklar J, Sarkar J, Dong S, Gerasimenko YA, Pincelli T, Beaulieu S, Kirchmann PS, Sobota JA, Yang S, Leuenberger D, Moore RG, Shen ZX, Wolf M, Mihailovic D, Ernstorfer R, Rettig L. Coherent light control of a metastable hidden state. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4661. [PMID: 38000022 PMCID: PMC10672165 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Metastable phases present a promising route to expand the functionality of complex materials. Of particular interest are light-induced metastable phases that are inaccessible under equilibrium conditions, as they often host new, emergent properties switchable on ultrafast timescales. However, the processes governing the trajectories to such hidden phases remain largely unexplored. Here, using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate the ultrafast dynamics of the formation of a hidden quantum state in the layered dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2 upon photoexcitation. Our results reveal the nonthermal character of the transition governed by a collective charge-density-wave excitation. Using a double-pulse excitation of the structural mode, we show vibrational coherent control of the phase-transition efficiency. Our demonstration of exceptional control, switching speed, and stability of the hidden state are key for device applications at the nexus of electronics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuo Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaroslav A. Gerasimenko
- Department of Complex Matter, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology – Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick S. Kirchmann
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Sobota
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Shuolong Yang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dominik Leuenberger
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert G. Moore
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dragan Mihailovic
- Department of Complex Matter, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology – Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Thiré N, Chatterjee G, Pertot Y, Albert O, Karras G, Zhang Y, Wyatt AS, Towrie M, Springate E, Greetham GM, Forget N. A versatile high-average-power ultrafast infrared driver tailored for high-harmonic generation and vibrational spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18874. [PMID: 37914852 PMCID: PMC10620204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on an ultrafast infrared optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA), pumped by a 200-W thin-disk Yb-based regenerative amplifier at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The OPCPA is tunable in the spectral range 1.4-3.9 [Formula: see text]m, generating up to 23 W of < 100-fs signal and 13 W of < 200-fs idler pulses for infrared spectroscopy, with additional spectral filtering capabilities for Raman spectroscopy. The OPCPA can also yield 19 W of 49-fs 1.75-[Formula: see text]m signal or 5 W of 62-fs 2.8-[Formula: see text]m idler pulses with active carrier-to-envelope-phase (CEP) stabilisation for high-harmonic generation (HHG). We illustrate the versatility of the laser design, catering to various experimental requirements for probing ultrafast science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Thiré
- Fastlite, 165 route des cistes, 06600, Antibes, France.
| | - Gourab Chatterjee
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK.
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Yoann Pertot
- Fastlite, 165 route des cistes, 06600, Antibes, France
| | | | - Gabriel Karras
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Adam S Wyatt
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Emma Springate
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Nicolas Forget
- Fastlite, 165 route des cistes, 06600, Antibes, France
- CNRS UMR7010 INPHYNI, 1361 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
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10
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Caplins BW, Chiaramonti AN, Garcia JM, Sanford NA, Miaja-Avila L. Atom probe tomography using an extreme ultraviolet trigger pulse. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:093704. [PMID: 37702562 PMCID: PMC10542968 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful materials characterization technique capable of measuring the isotopically resolved three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanoscale specimens with atomic resolution. Modern APT instrumentation most often uses an optical pulse to trigger field ion evaporation-most commonly, the second or third harmonic of a Nd laser is utilized (∼λ = 532 nm or λ = 355 nm). Herein, we describe an APT instrument that utilizes ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical pulses to trigger field ion emission. The EUV light is generated via a commercially available high harmonic generation system based on a noble-gas-filled capillary. The centroid of the EUV spectrum is tunable from around 25 eV (λ = 50 nm) to 45 eV (λ = 28 nm), dependent on the identity of the gas in the capillary (Xe, Kr, or Ar). EUV pulses are delivered to the APT analysis chamber via a vacuum beamline that was optimized to maximize photon flux at the APT specimen apex while minimizing complexity. We describe the design of the beamline in detail, including the various compromises involved. We characterize the spectrum of the EUV light and its evolution as it propagates through the various optical elements. The EUV focus spot size is measured at the APT specimen plane, and the effects of misalignment are simulated and discussed. The long-term stability of the EUV source has been demonstrated for more than a year. Finally, APT mass spectra are shown, demonstrating the instrument's ability to successfully trigger field ion emission from semiconductors (Si, GaN) and insulating materials (Al2O3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Caplins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Ann N Chiaramonti
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Jacob M Garcia
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Norman A Sanford
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Luis Miaja-Avila
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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11
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Dong S, Beaulieu S, Selig M, Rosenzweig P, Christiansen D, Pincelli T, Dendzik M, Ziegler JD, Maklar J, Xian RP, Neef A, Mohammed A, Schulz A, Stadler M, Jetter M, Michler P, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Takagi H, Starke U, Chernikov A, Wolf M, Nakamura H, Knorr A, Rettig L, Ernstorfer R. Observation of ultrafast interfacial Meitner-Auger energy transfer in a Van der Waals heterostructure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5057. [PMID: 37598179 PMCID: PMC10439896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomically thin layered van der Waals heterostructures feature exotic and emergent optoelectronic properties. With growing interest in these novel quantum materials, the microscopic understanding of fundamental interfacial coupling mechanisms is of capital importance. Here, using multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy, we provide a layer- and momentum-resolved view on ultrafast interlayer electron and energy transfer in a monolayer-WSe2/graphene heterostructure. Depending on the nature of the optically prepared state, we find the different dominating transfer mechanisms: while electron injection from graphene to WSe2 is observed after photoexcitation of quasi-free hot carriers in the graphene layer, we establish an interfacial Meitner-Auger energy transfer process following the excitation of excitons in WSe2. By analysing the time-energy-momentum distributions of excited-state carriers with a rate-equation model, we distinguish these two types of interfacial dynamics and identify the ultrafast conversion of excitons in WSe2 to valence band transitions in graphene. Microscopic calculations find interfacial dipole-monopole coupling underlying the Meitner-Auger energy transfer to dominate over conventional Förster- and Dexter-type interactions, in agreement with the experimental observations. The energy transfer mechanism revealed here might enable new hot-carrier-based device concepts with van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, CELIA, UMR5107, F33405, Talence, France
| | - Malte Selig
- Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Rosenzweig
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dominik Christiansen
- Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maciej Dendzik
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas D Ziegler
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Patrick Xian
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z5, Canada
| | - Alexander Neef
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Avaise Mohammed
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Armin Schulz
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mona Stadler
- Institute of Semiconductor Optics and Functional Interfaces, Research Center SCoPE and IQST, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Jetter
- Institute of Semiconductor Optics and Functional Interfaces, Research Center SCoPE and IQST, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Michler
- Institute of Semiconductor Optics and Functional Interfaces, Research Center SCoPE and IQST, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takagi
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiro Nakamura
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Andreas Knorr
- Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Neef A, Beaulieu S, Hammer S, Dong S, Maklar J, Pincelli T, Xian RP, Wolf M, Rettig L, Pflaum J, Ernstorfer R. Orbital-resolved observation of singlet fission. Nature 2023; 616:275-279. [PMID: 37045918 PMCID: PMC10097594 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission1-13 may boost photovoltaic efficiency14-16 by transforming a singlet exciton into two triplet excitons and thereby doubling the number of excited charge carriers. The primary step of singlet fission is the ultrafast creation of the correlated triplet pair17. Whereas several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this step, none has emerged as a consensus. The challenge lies in tracking the transient excitonic states. Here we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to observe the primary step of singlet fission in crystalline pentacene. Our results indicate a charge-transfer mediated mechanism with a hybridization of Frenkel and charge-transfer states in the lowest bright singlet exciton. We gained intimate knowledge about the localization and the orbital character of the exciton wave functions recorded in momentum maps. This allowed us to directly compare the localization of singlet and bitriplet excitons and decompose energetically overlapping states on the basis of their orbital character. Orbital- and localization-resolved many-body dynamics promise deep insights into the mechanics governing molecular systems18-20 and topological materials21-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neef
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Center for the Physics of Materials, Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shuo Dong
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Maklar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Patrick Xian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Wolf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Barvarian Centre for Applied Energy Research, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Wang J, Chen F, Pan M, Xu S, Lv R, Liu J, Li Y, Fang S, Chen Y, Zhu J, Zhang D, Qian T, Yun C, Zhao K, Ding H, Wei Z. High-flux wavelength tunable XUV source in the 12-40.8 eV photon energy range with adjustable energy and time resolution for Tr-ARPES applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9854-9871. [PMID: 37157547 DOI: 10.1364/oe.484088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) has a broad spectrum covering vacuum ultraviolet to extreme ultraviolet (XUV) bands, which is useful for applications involving material analyses at different information depths. Such an HHG light source is perfect for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Here, we demonstrate a high-photon flux HHG source driven by a two-color field. Applying a fused silica compression stage to reduce the driving pulse width, we obtained a high XUV photon flux of 2 × 1012 phs/s @21.6 eV on target. We designed a classical diffraction mounted (CDM) grating monochromator that can achieve a wide range of photon energy from 12 to 40.8 eV, while the time resolution is improved by reducing the pulse front tilt after the harmonic selection. We designed a spatial filtering method to adjust the time resolution using the CDM monochromator and significantly reduced the pulse front tilt of the XUV pulses. We also demonstrate a detailed prediction of the energy resolution broadening which is caused by the space charge effect.
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14
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Pincelli T, Vasileiadis T, Dong S, Beaulieu S, Dendzik M, Zahn D, Lee SE, Seiler H, Qi Y, Xian RP, Maklar J, Coy E, Mueller NS, Okamura Y, Reich S, Wolf M, Rettig L, Ernstorfer R. Observation of Multi-Directional Energy Transfer in a Hybrid Plasmonic-Excitonic Nanostructure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209100. [PMID: 36482148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid plasmonic devices involve a nanostructured metal supporting localized surface plasmons to amplify light-matter interaction, and a non-plasmonic material to functionalize charge excitations. Application-relevant epitaxial heterostructures, however, give rise to ballistic ultrafast dynamics that challenge the conventional semiclassical understanding of unidirectional nanometal-to-substrate energy transfer. Epitaxial Au nanoislands are studied on WSe2 with time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and femtosecond electron diffraction: this combination of techniques resolves material, energy, and momentum of charge-carriers and phonons excited in the heterostructure. A strong non-linear plasmon-exciton interaction that transfers the energy of sub-bandgap photons very efficiently to the semiconductor is observed, leaving the metal cold until non-radiative exciton recombination heats the nanoparticles on hundreds of femtoseconds timescales. The results resolve a multi-directional energy exchange on timescales shorter than the electronic thermalization of the nanometal. Electron-phonon coupling and diffusive charge-transfer determine the subsequent energy flow. This complex dynamics opens perspectives for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications, while providing a constraining experimental testbed for state-of-the-art modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Vasileiadis
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Shuo Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, CELIA, UMR5107, Talence, F33405, France
| | - Maciej Dendzik
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm, 114 19, Sweden
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hélène Seiler
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yingpeng Qi
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - R Patrick Xian
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1Z5, Canada
| | - Julian Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznań, PL 61614, Poland
| | - Niclas S Mueller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB30HE, UK
| | - Yu Okamura
- Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Liu F. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) of TMDC monolayers and bilayers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:736-750. [PMID: 36755720 PMCID: PMC9890651 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many unique properties in two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures rely on charge excitation, scattering, transfer, and relaxation dynamics across different points in the momentum space. Understanding these dynamics is crucial in both the fundamental study of 2D physics and their incorporation in optoelectronic and quantum devices. A direct method to probe charge carrier dynamics with momentum resolution is time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES). Such measurements have been challenging, since photoexcited carriers in many 2D monolayers reside at high crystal momenta, requiring probe photon energies in the extreme UV (EUV) regime. These challenges have been recently addressed by development of table-top pulsed EUV sources based on high harmonic generation, and the successful integration into a TR-ARPES and/or time-resolved momentum microscope. Such experiments will allow direct imaging of photoelectrons with superior time, energy, and crystal momentum resolution, with unique advantage over traditional optical measurements. Recently, TR-ARPES experiments of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers and bilayers have created unprecedented opportunities to reveal many intrinsic dynamics of 2D materials, such as bandgap renormalization, charge carrier scattering, relaxation, and wavefunction localization in moiré patterns. This perspective aims to give a short review of recent discoveries and discuss the challenges and opportunities of such techniques in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
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16
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Goncharov S, Fritsch K, Pronin O. Few-cycle pulse compression and white light generation in cascaded multipass cells. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:147-150. [PMID: 36563390 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report supercontinuum generation and pulse compression in two stacked multipass cells based on dielectric mirrors. The 230 fs pulses at 1 MHz containing 12 µJ are compressed by a factor of 33 down to 7 fs, corresponding to 1.0 GW peak power and overall transmission of 84%. The source is particularly interesting for such applications as time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), photoemission electron microscopy, and nonlinear spectroscopy.
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17
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Xian RP, Stimper V, Zacharias M, Dendzik M, Dong S, Beaulieu S, Schölkopf B, Wolf M, Rettig L, Carbogno C, Bauer S, Ernstorfer R. A machine learning route between band mapping and band structure. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:101-114. [PMID: 38177954 PMCID: PMC10766556 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The electronic band structure and crystal structure are the two complementary identifiers of solid-state materials. Although convenient instruments and reconstruction algorithms have made large, empirical, crystal structure databases possible, extracting the quasiparticle dispersion (closely related to band structure) from photoemission band mapping data is currently limited by the available computational methods. To cope with the growing size and scale of photoemission data, here we develop a pipeline including probabilistic machine learning and the associated data processing, optimization and evaluation methods for band-structure reconstruction, leveraging theoretical calculations. The pipeline reconstructs all 14 valence bands of a semiconductor and shows excellent performance on benchmarks and other materials datasets. The reconstruction uncovers previously inaccessible momentum-space structural information on both global and local scales, while realizing a path towards integration with materials science databases. Our approach illustrates the potential of combining machine learning and domain knowledge for scalable feature extraction in multidimensional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patrick Xian
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Vincent Stimper
- Department of Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marios Zacharias
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
- Université de Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON, Rennes, France
| | - Maciej Dendzik
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuo Dong
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, Talence, France
| | - Bernhard Schölkopf
- Department of Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Bauer
- Department of Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany.
- Division of Decision and Control Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Zhong H, Bao C, Lin T, Zhou S, Zhou S. A newly designed femtosecond KBe 2BO 3F 2 device with pulse duration down to 55 fs for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:113910. [PMID: 36461493 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing a widely tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) source with a sub-100 fs pulse duration is critical for ultrafast pump-probe techniques such as time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TrARPES). While a tunable probe source with a photon energy of 5.3-7.0 eV has been recently implemented for TrARPES by using a KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) device, the time resolution of 280-320 fs is still not ideal, which is mainly limited by the duration of the VUV probe pulse generated by the KBBF device. Here, by designing a new KBBF device, which is specially optimized for fs applications, an optimum pulse duration of 55 fs is obtained after systematic diagnostics and optimization. More importantly, a high time resolution of 81-95 fs is achieved for TrARPES measurements covering the probe photon energy range of 5.3-7.0 eV, making it particularly useful for investigating the ultrafast dynamics of quantum materials. Our work extends the application of the KBBF device to ultrafast pump-probe techniques with the advantages of both a widely tunable VUV source and ultimate time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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19
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Kremer G, Maklar J, Nicolaï L, Nicholson CW, Yue C, Silva C, Werner P, Dil JH, Krempaský J, Springholz G, Ernstorfer R, Minár J, Rettig L, Monney C. Field-induced ultrafast modulation of Rashba coupling at room temperature in ferroelectric α-GeTe(111). Nat Commun 2022; 13:6396. [PMID: 36302853 PMCID: PMC9613697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rashba materials have appeared as an ideal playground for spin-to-charge conversion in prototype spintronics devices. Among them, α-GeTe(111) is a non-centrosymmetric ferroelectric semiconductor for which a strong spin-orbit interaction gives rise to giant Rashba coupling. Its room temperature ferroelectricity was recently demonstrated as a route towards a new type of highly energy-efficient non-volatile memory device based on switchable polarization. Currently based on the application of an electric field, the writing and reading processes could be outperformed by the use of femtosecond light pulses requiring exploration of the possible control of ferroelectricity on this timescale. Here, we probe the room temperature transient dynamics of the electronic band structure of α-GeTe(111) using time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our experiments reveal an ultrafast modulation of the Rashba coupling mediated on the fs timescale by a surface photovoltage, namely an increase corresponding to a 13% enhancement of the lattice distortion. This opens the route for the control of the ferroelectric polarization in α-GeTe(111) and ferroelectric semiconducting materials in quantum heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Kremer
- Département de Physique and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Campus ARTEM, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011, Nancy, France.
| | - Julian Maklar
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurent Nicolaï
- New Technologies-Research Center University of West Bohemia, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher W Nicholson
- Département de Physique and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Changming Yue
- Département de Physique and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Caio Silva
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Werner
- Département de Physique and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J Hugo Dil
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juraj Krempaský
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Springholz
- Institut für Halbleiter-und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A-4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Minár
- New Technologies-Research Center University of West Bohemia, Plzen, Czech Republic.
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claude Monney
- Département de Physique and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Heber M, Wind N, Kutnyakhov D, Pressacco F, Arion T, Roth F, Eberhardt W, Rossnagel K. Multispectral time-resolved energy-momentum microscopy using high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet radiation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:083905. [PMID: 36050085 DOI: 10.1063/5.0091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 790-nm-driven high-harmonic generation source with a repetition rate of 6 kHz is combined with a toroidal-grating monochromator and a high-detection-efficiency photoelectron time-of-flight momentum microscope to enable time- and momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy over a spectral range of 23.6-45.5 eV with sub-100 fs time resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) Fermi surface mapping is demonstrated on graphene-covered Ir(111) with energy and momentum resolutions of ≲100 meV and ≲0.1 Å-1, respectively. The tabletop experiment sets the stage for measuring the kz-dependent ultrafast dynamics of 3D electronic structure, including band structure, Fermi surface, and carrier dynamics in 3D materials as well as 3D orbital dynamics in molecular layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wind
- Institut für Experimental Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Tiberiu Arion
- Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Roth
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberhardt
- Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Maklar J, Stühler R, Dendzik M, Pincelli T, Dong S, Beaulieu S, Neef A, Li G, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Claessen R, Rettig L. Ultrafast Momentum-Resolved Hot Electron Dynamics in the Two-Dimensional Topological Insulator Bismuthene. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5420-5426. [PMID: 35709372 PMCID: PMC9284614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators are a promising material class for spintronic applications based on topologically protected spin currents in their edges. Yet, they have not lived up to their technological potential, as experimental realizations are scarce and limited to cryogenic temperatures. These constraints have also severely restricted characterization of their dynamical properties. Here, we report on the electron dynamics of the novel room-temperature QSH candidate bismuthene after photoexcitation using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We map the transiently occupied conduction band and track the full relaxation pathway of hot photocarriers. Intriguingly, we observe photocarrier lifetimes much shorter than those in conventional semiconductors. This is ascribed to the presence of topological in-gap states already established by local probes. Indeed, we find spectral signatures consistent with these earlier findings. Demonstration of the large band gap and the view into photoelectron dynamics mark a critical step toward optical control of QSH functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raúl Stühler
- Physikalisches
Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Dendzik
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuo Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Neef
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Li
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Claessen
- Physikalisches
Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Guo Q, Dendzik M, Grubišić-Čabo A, Berntsen MH, Li C, Chen W, Matta B, Starke U, Hessmo B, Weissenrieder J, Tjernberg O. A narrow bandwidth extreme ultra-violet light source for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:024304. [PMID: 35540107 PMCID: PMC9054270 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a high repetition rate, narrow bandwidth, extreme ultraviolet photon source for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The narrow bandwidth pulses Δ E = 9 , 14 , and 18 meV for photon energies h ν = 10.8 , 18.1 , and 25.3 eV are generated through high harmonic generation using ultra-violet drive pulses with relatively long pulse lengths (461 fs). The high harmonic generation setup employs an annular drive beam in tight focusing geometry at a repetition rate of 250 kHz. Photon energy selection is provided by a series of selectable multilayer bandpass mirrors and thin film filters, thus avoiding any time broadening introduced by single grating monochromators. A two stage optical-parametric amplifier provides < 100 fs tunable pump pulses from 0.65 μm to 9 μm. The narrow bandwidth performance of the light source is demonstrated through angle-resolved photoemission measurements on a series of quantum materials, including high-temperature superconductor Bi-2212, WSe2, and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinda Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maciej Dendzik
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonija Grubišić-Čabo
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus H. Berntsen
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wanyu Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bharti Matta
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Björn Hessmo
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Weissenrieder
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Tjernberg
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Maklar J, Schüler M, Windsor YW, Nicholson CW, Puppin M, Walmsley P, Fisher IR, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Sentef MA, Rettig L. Coherent Modulation of Quasiparticle Scattering Rates in a Photoexcited Charge-Density-Wave System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:026406. [PMID: 35089762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.026406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a complementary experimental and theoretical investigation of relaxation dynamics in the charge-density-wave (CDW) system TbTe_{3} after ultrafast optical excitation. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observe an unusual transient modulation of the relaxation rates of excited photocarriers. A detailed analysis of the electron self-energy based on a nonequilibrium Green's function formalism reveals that the phase space of electron-electron scattering is critically modulated by the photoinduced collective CDW excitation, providing an intuitive microscopic understanding of the observed dynamics and revealing the impact of the electronic band structure on the self-energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schüler
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y W Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C W Nicholson
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Puppin
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Walmsley
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - I R Fisher
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Bao C, Zhong H, Zhou S, Feng R, Wang Y, Zhou S. Ultrafast time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with widely tunable probe photon energy of 5.3-7.0 eV for investigating dynamics of three-dimensional materials. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:013902. [PMID: 35104958 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TrARPES) is a powerful technique for capturing the ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers and revealing photo-induced phase transitions in quantum materials. However, the lack of widely tunable probe photon energy, which is critical for accessing the dispersions at different out-of-plane momentum kz in TrARPES measurements, has hindered the ultrafast dynamics investigation of 3D quantum materials, such as Dirac or Weyl semimetals. Here, we report the development of a TrARPES system with a highly tunable probe photon energy from 5.3 to 7.0 eV. The tunable probe photon energy is generated by the fourth harmonic generation of a tunable wavelength femtosecond laser source by combining a β-BaB2O4 crystal and a KBe2BO3F2 crystal. A high energy resolution of 29-48 meV and time resolution of 280-320 fs are demonstrated on 3D topological materials ZrTe5 and Sb2Te3. Our work opens up new opportunities for exploring ultrafast dynamics in 3D quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Runfa Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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25
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Heinrich S, Saule T, Högner M, Cui Y, Yakovlev VS, Pupeza I, Kleineberg U. Attosecond intra-valence band dynamics and resonant-photoemission delays in W(110). Nat Commun 2021; 12:3404. [PMID: 34099684 PMCID: PMC8184802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with attosecond precision provides new insights into the photoelectric effect and gives information about the timing of photoemission from different electronic states within the electronic band structure of solids. Electron transport, scattering phenomena and electron-electron correlation effects can be observed on attosecond time scales by timing photoemission from valence band states against that from core states. However, accessing intraband effects was so far particularly challenging due to the simultaneous requirements on energy, momentum and time resolution. Here we report on an experiment utilizing intracavity generated attosecond pulse trains to meet these demands at high flux and high photon energies to measure intraband delays between sp- and d-band states in the valence band photoemission from tungsten and investigate final-state effects in resonant photoemission. Accessing intraband dynamics is challenging due to simultaneous requirements on energy, momentum and time resolution. Here, the authors measure intraband delays between sp- and d-band electronic states in the valence band photoemission from W(110) using intracavity generated attosecond pulse trains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heinrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - T Saule
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Connecticut (UConn), Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - M Högner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Y Cui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - V S Yakovlev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - I Pupeza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - U Kleineberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 85748, Garching, Germany
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26
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Suzuki T. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Introduction to ultrafast spectroscopy and imaging of photochemical reactions. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:11-38. [PMID: 33876168 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A brief overview is presented on ultrafast spectroscopy and imaging of photochemical reactions by highlighting several experimental studies reported in the last five years. A particular focus is placed on new experiments performed using high-order harmonic generation, X-ray free electron lasers, and relativistic electron beams. Exploration of fundamental chemical reaction dynamics using these advanced experimental methodologies is in an early stage, and exciting new research opportunities await in this rapidly expanding and advancing research field. At the same time, there is no experimental methodology that provides all aspects of the electronic and structural dynamics in a single experiment, and investigations using different methodologies with various perspectives need to be considered in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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27
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Maklar J, Windsor YW, Nicholson CW, Puppin M, Walmsley P, Esposito V, Porer M, Rittmann J, Leuenberger D, Kubli M, Savoini M, Abreu E, Johnson SL, Beaud P, Ingold G, Staub U, Fisher IR, Ernstorfer R, Wolf M, Rettig L. Nonequilibrium charge-density-wave order beyond the thermal limit. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2499. [PMID: 33941788 PMCID: PMC8093280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of many-body systems with intense light pulses may lead to novel emergent phenomena far from equilibrium. Recent discoveries, such as the optical enhancement of the critical temperature in certain superconductors and the photo-stabilization of hidden phases, have turned this field into an important research frontier. Here, we demonstrate nonthermal charge-density-wave (CDW) order at electronic temperatures far greater than the thermodynamic transition temperature. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and time-resolved X-ray diffraction, we investigate the electronic and structural order parameters of an ultrafast photoinduced CDW-to-metal transition. Tracking the dynamical CDW recovery as a function of electronic temperature reveals a behaviour markedly different from equilibrium, which we attribute to the suppression of lattice fluctuations in the transient nonthermal phonon distribution. A complete description of the system's coherent and incoherent order-parameter dynamics is given by a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau framework, providing access to the transient potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Y W Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - C W Nicholson
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Puppin
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Walmsley
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - V Esposito
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Porer
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Rittmann
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Leuenberger
- Department of Physics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Kubli
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Savoini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Abreu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S L Johnson
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Beaud
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Ingold
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - U Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - I R Fisher
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
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28
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Descamps D, Guichard F, Petit S, Beauvarlet S, Comby A, Lavenu L, Zaouter Y. High-power sub-15 fs nonlinear pulse compression at 515 nm of an ultrafast Yb-doped fiber amplifier. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1804-1807. [PMID: 33857074 DOI: 10.1364/ol.419683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present an efficient and robust scheme to produce energetic sub-15 fs pulses centered at 515 nm with a peak power exceeding 3 GW. Combining efficient second-harmonic generation of a 135 fs, 50 W Yb-doped fiber amplifier with a low-loss capillary-based visible pulse compression stage, we reach an overall efficiency higher than >20%. The system is also designed to take advantage of the repetition rate flexibility of the fiber amplifier, leading sub-15 fs pulse generation from 166 to 500 kHz with an average power exceeding the 10 watt level. The combined reduction of the laser wavelength and pulse duration is expected to highly improve the yield of high-order harmonic generation to provide high photon flux of ultrashort extreme ultraviolet radiation.
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29
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Beaulieu S, Dong S, Tancogne-Dejean N, Dendzik M, Pincelli T, Maklar J, Xian RP, Sentef MA, Wolf M, Rubio A, Rettig L, Ernstorfer R. Ultrafast dynamical Lifshitz transition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/17/eabd9275. [PMID: 33883128 PMCID: PMC8059938 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fermi surface is at the heart of our understanding of metals and strongly correlated many-body systems. An abrupt change in the Fermi surface topology, also called Lifshitz transition, can lead to the emergence of fascinating phenomena like colossal magnetoresistance and superconductivity. While Lifshitz transitions have been demonstrated for a broad range of materials by equilibrium tuning of macroscopic parameters such as strain, doping, pressure, and temperature, a nonequilibrium dynamical route toward ultrafast modification of the Fermi surface topology has not been experimentally demonstrated. Combining time-resolved multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy with state-of-the-art TDDFT+U simulations, we introduce a scheme for driving an ultrafast Lifshitz transition in the correlated type-II Weyl semimetal T d-MoTe2 We demonstrate that this nonequilibrium topological electronic transition finds its microscopic origin in the dynamical modification of the effective electronic correlations. These results shed light on a previously unexplored ultrafast scheme for controlling the Fermi surface topology in correlated quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Beaulieu
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Shuo Dong
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.
| | - Maciej Dendzik
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Julian Maklar
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - R Patrick Xian
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany.
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30
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Man MKL, Madéo J, Sahoo C, Xie K, Campbell M, Pareek V, Karmakar A, Wong EL, Al-Mahboob A, Chan NS, Bacon DR, Zhu X, Abdelrasoul MMM, Li X, Heinz TF, da Jornada FH, Cao T, Dani KM. Experimental measurement of the intrinsic excitonic wave function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/17/eabg0192. [PMID: 33883143 PMCID: PMC8059923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An exciton, a two-body composite quasiparticle formed of an electron and hole, is a fundamental optical excitation in condensed matter systems. Since its discovery nearly a century ago, a measurement of the excitonic wave function has remained beyond experimental reach. Here, we directly image the excitonic wave function in reciprocal space by measuring the momentum distribution of electrons photoemitted from excitons in monolayer tungsten diselenide. By transforming to real space, we obtain a visual of the distribution of the electron around the hole in an exciton. Further, by also resolving the energy coordinate, we confirm the elusive theoretical prediction that the photoemitted electron exhibits an inverted energy-momentum dispersion relationship reflecting the valence band where the partner hole remains, rather than that of conduction band states of the electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K L Man
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - Julien Madéo
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - Chakradhar Sahoo
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Kaichen Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marshall Campbell
- Physics Department, Center for Complex Quantum System, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Vivek Pareek
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - Arka Karmakar
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - E Laine Wong
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - Abdullah Al-Mahboob
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - Nicholas S Chan
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - David R Bacon
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - Xing Zhu
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - Mohamed M M Abdelrasoul
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Physics Department, Center for Complex Quantum System, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94720, USA
| | - Felipe H da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Instittute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 904 0495.
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31
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King PDC, Picozzi S, Egdell RG, Panaccione G. Angle, Spin, and Depth Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy on Quantum Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2816-2856. [PMID: 33346644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of X-ray based electron spectroscopies in determining chemical, electronic, and magnetic properties of solids has been well-known for several decades. A powerful approach is angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, whereby the kinetic energy and angle of photoelectrons emitted from a sample surface are measured. This provides a direct measurement of the electronic band structure of crystalline solids. Moreover, it yields powerful insights into the electronic interactions at play within a material and into the control of spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom, central pillars of future solid state science. With strong recent focus on research of lower-dimensional materials and modified electronic behavior at surfaces and interfaces, angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has become a core technique in the study of quantum materials. In this review, we provide an introduction to the technique. Through examples from several topical materials systems, including topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, and transition metal oxides, we highlight the types of information which can be obtained. We show how the combination of angle, spin, time, and depth-resolved experiments are able to reveal "hidden" spectral features, connected to semiconducting, metallic and magnetic properties of solids, as well as underlining the importance of dimensional effects in quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil D C King
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Picozzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-SPIN, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Russell G Egdell
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo Panaccione
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, in Area Science Park, S.S.14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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32
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Madéo J, Man MKL, Sahoo C, Campbell M, Pareek V, Wong EL, Al-Mahboob A, Chan NS, Karmakar A, Mariserla BMK, Li X, Heinz TF, Cao T, Dani KM. Directly visualizing the momentum-forbidden dark excitons and their dynamics in atomically thin semiconductors. Science 2021; 370:1199-1204. [PMID: 33273099 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resolving momentum degrees of freedom of excitons, which are electron-hole pairs bound by the Coulomb attraction in a photoexcited semiconductor, has remained an elusive goal for decades. In atomically thin semiconductors, such a capability could probe the momentum-forbidden dark excitons, which critically affect proposed opto-electronic technologies but are not directly accessible using optical techniques. Here, we probed the momentum state of excitons in a tungsten diselenide monolayer by photoemitting their constituent electrons and resolving them in time, momentum, and energy. We obtained a direct visual of the momentum-forbidden dark excitons and studied their properties, including their near degeneracy with bright excitons and their formation pathways in the energy-momentum landscape. These dark excitons dominated the excited-state distribution, a surprising finding that highlights their importance in atomically thin semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Madéo
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495
| | - Michael K L Man
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495
| | - Chakradhar Sahoo
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495.,School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
| | - Marshall Campbell
- Physics Department, Center for Complex Quantum System, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Vivek Pareek
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495
| | - E Laine Wong
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495
| | - Abdullah Al-Mahboob
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495
| | - Nicholas S Chan
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495
| | - Arka Karmakar
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495
| | - Bala Murali Krishna Mariserla
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495.,Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India 342037
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Physics Department, Center for Complex Quantum System, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495.
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33
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Xian RP, Acremann Y, Agustsson SY, Dendzik M, Bühlmann K, Curcio D, Kutnyakhov D, Pressacco F, Heber M, Dong S, Pincelli T, Demsar J, Wurth W, Hofmann P, Wolf M, Scheidgen M, Rettig L, Ernstorfer R. An open-source, end-to-end workflow for multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy. Sci Data 2020; 7:442. [PMID: 33335108 PMCID: PMC7746702 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the electronic band structure of solid state materials is routinely performed using photoemission spectroscopy. Recent advancements in short-wavelength light sources and electron detectors give rise to multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy, allowing parallel measurements of the electron spectral function simultaneously in energy, two momentum components and additional physical parameters with single-event detection capability. Efficient processing of the photoelectron event streams at a rate of up to tens of megabytes per second will enable rapid band mapping for materials characterization. We describe an open-source workflow that allows user interaction with billion-count single-electron events in photoemission band mapping experiments, compatible with beamlines at 3rd and 4rd generation light sources and table-top laser-based setups. The workflow offers an end-to-end recipe from distributed operations on single-event data to structured formats for downstream scientific tasks and storage to materials science database integration. Both the workflow and processed data can be archived for reuse, providing the infrastructure for documenting the provenance and lineage of photoemission data for future high-throughput experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patrick Xian
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yves Acremann
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Maciej Dendzik
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Bühlmann
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Curcio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Federico Pressacco
- DESY Photon Science, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Shuo Dong
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jure Demsar
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Wurth
- DESY Photon Science, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Hofmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scheidgen
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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34
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Maklar J, Dong S, Beaulieu S, Pincelli T, Dendzik M, Windsor YW, Xian RP, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Rettig L. A quantitative comparison of time-of-flight momentum microscopes and hemispherical analyzers for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123112. [PMID: 33379994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight-based momentum microscopy has a growing presence in photoemission studies, as it enables parallel energy- and momentum-resolved acquisition of the full photoelectron distribution. Here, we report table-top extreme ultraviolet time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) featuring both a hemispherical analyzer and a momentum microscope within the same setup. We present a systematic comparison of the two detection schemes and quantify experimentally relevant parameters, including pump- and probe-induced space-charge effects, detection efficiency, photoelectron count rates, and depth of focus. We highlight the advantages and limitations of both instruments based on exemplary trARPES measurements of bulk WSe2. Our analysis demonstrates the complementary nature of the two spectrometers for time-resolved ARPES experiments. Their combination in a single experimental apparatus allows us to address a broad range of scientific questions with trARPES.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Dendzik
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y W Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R P Xian
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Beaulieu S, Schusser J, Dong S, Schüler M, Pincelli T, Dendzik M, Maklar J, Neef A, Ebert H, Hricovini K, Wolf M, Braun J, Rettig L, Minár J, Ernstorfer R. Revealing Hidden Orbital Pseudospin Texture with Time-Reversal Dichroism in Photoelectron Angular Distributions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:216404. [PMID: 33274965 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.216404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of bulk 2H-WSe_{2} for different crystal orientations linked to each other by time-reversal symmetry. We introduce a new observable called time-reversal dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions (TRDAD), which quantifies the modulation of the photoemission intensity upon effective time-reversal operation. We demonstrate that the hidden orbital pseudospin texture leaves its imprint on TRDAD, due to multiple orbital interference effects in photoemission. Our experimental results are in quantitative agreement with both the tight-binding model and state-of-the-art fully relativistic calculations performed using the one-step model of photoemission. While spin-resolved ARPES probes the spin component of entangled spin-orbital texture in multiorbital systems, we unambiguously demonstrate that TRDAD reveals its orbital pseudospin texture counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Schusser
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et Surfaces, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, France
- New Technologies-Research Center, University of West Bohemia, 30614 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - S Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schüler
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences (SIMES), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Dendzik
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Neef
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Ebert
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 11, 81377 München, Germany
| | - K Hricovini
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et Surfaces, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, France
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Braun
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 11, 81377 München, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Minár
- New Technologies-Research Center, University of West Bohemia, 30614 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Perfetto E, Stefanucci G. Floquet Topological Phase of Nondriven p-Wave Nonequilibrium Excitonic Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:106401. [PMID: 32955296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nontrivial topology of p-wave superfluids makes these systems attractive candidates in information technology. In this work we report on the topological state of a p-wave nonequilibrium excitonic insulator (NEQ-EI) and show how to steer a nontopological band insulator with bright p excitons toward this state by a suitable laser pulse, thus achieving a dynamical topological phase transition. The underlying mechanism behind the transition is the broken gauge-symmetry of the NEQ-EI which causes self-sustained persistent oscillations of the excitonic condensate and hence a Floquet topological state for high enough exciton densities. We show the formation of Floquet Majorana modes at the boundaries of the open system and discuss unique topological spectral signatures for time-resolved ARPES experiments. We emphasize that the topological properties of a p-wave NEQ-EI arise exclusively from the electron-hole Coulomb interaction as the system is not driven by external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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37
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Keunecke M, Möller C, Schmitt D, Nolte H, Jansen GSM, Reutzel M, Gutberlet M, Halasi G, Steil D, Steil S, Mathias S. Time-resolved momentum microscopy with a 1 MHz high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet beamline. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:063905. [PMID: 32611056 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in laser-based high-repetition rate extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light sources and multidimensional photoelectron spectroscopy enables the build-up of a new generation of time-resolved photoemission experiments. Here, we present a setup for time-resolved momentum microscopy driven by a 1 MHz fs EUV table-top light source optimized for the generation of 26.5 eV photons. The setup provides simultaneous access to the temporal evolution of the photoelectron's kinetic energy and in-plane momentum. We discuss opportunities and limitations of our new experiment based on a series of static and time-resolved measurements on graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Keunecke
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Möller
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Schmitt
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - G S Matthijs Jansen
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Reutzel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marie Gutberlet
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gyula Halasi
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Steil
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Steil
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mathias
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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38
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West CW, Nishitani J, Higashimura C, Suzuki T. Extreme ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of aqueous aniline solution: enhanced surface concentration and pump-induced space charge effect. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1748240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. West
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chika Higashimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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39
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Lee C, Rohwer T, Sie EJ, Zong A, Baldini E, Straquadine J, Walmsley P, Gardner D, Lee YS, Fisher IR, Gedik N. High resolution time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with 11 eV laser pulses. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:043102. [PMID: 32357712 DOI: 10.1063/1.5139556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Performing time- and angle-resolved photoemission (tr-ARPES) spectroscopy at high momenta necessitates extreme ultraviolet laser pulses, which are typically produced via high harmonic generation (HHG). Despite recent advances, HHG-based setups still require large pulse energies (from hundreds of μJ to mJ) and their energy resolution is limited to tens of meV. Here, we present a novel 11 eV tr-ARPES setup that generates a flux of 5 × 1010 photons/s and achieves an unprecedented energy resolution of 16 meV. It can be operated at high repetition rates (up to 250 kHz) while using input pulse energies down to 3 µJ. We demonstrate these unique capabilities by simultaneously capturing the energy and momentum resolved dynamics in two well-separated momentum space regions of a charge density wave material ErTe3. This novel setup offers the opportunity to study the non-equilibrium band structure of solids with exceptional energy and time resolutions at high repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Timm Rohwer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edbert J Sie
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alfred Zong
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Straquadine
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philip Walmsley
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Dillon Gardner
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Young S Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ian R Fisher
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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40
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Kutnyakhov D, Xian RP, Dendzik M, Heber M, Pressacco F, Agustsson SY, Wenthaus L, Meyer H, Gieschen S, Mercurio G, Benz A, Bühlman K, Däster S, Gort R, Curcio D, Volckaert K, Bianchi M, Sanders C, Miwa JA, Ulstrup S, Oelsner A, Tusche C, Chen YJ, Vasilyev D, Medjanik K, Brenner G, Dziarzhytski S, Redlin H, Manschwetus B, Dong S, Hauer J, Rettig L, Diekmann F, Rossnagel K, Demsar J, Elmers HJ, Hofmann P, Ernstorfer R, Schönhense G, Acremann Y, Wurth W. Time- and momentum-resolved photoemission studies using time-of-flight momentum microscopy at a free-electron laser. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:013109. [PMID: 32012554 DOI: 10.1063/1.5118777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoemission with ultrafast pump and probe pulses is an emerging technique with wide application potential. Real-time recording of nonequilibrium electronic processes, transient states in chemical reactions, or the interplay of electronic and structural dynamics offers fascinating opportunities for future research. Combining valence-band and core-level spectroscopy with photoelectron diffraction for electronic, chemical, and structural analyses requires few 10 fs soft X-ray pulses with some 10 meV spectral resolution, which are currently available at high repetition rate free-electron lasers. We have constructed and optimized a versatile setup commissioned at FLASH/PG2 that combines free-electron laser capabilities together with a multidimensional recording scheme for photoemission studies. We use a full-field imaging momentum microscope with time-of-flight energy recording as the detector for mapping of 3D band structures in (kx, ky, E) parameter space with unprecedented efficiency. Our instrument can image full surface Brillouin zones with up to 7 Å-1 diameter in a binding-energy range of several eV, resolving about 2.5 × 105 data voxels simultaneously. Using the ultrafast excited state dynamics in the van der Waals semiconductor WSe2 measured at photon energies of 36.5 eV and 109.5 eV, we demonstrate an experimental energy resolution of 130 meV, a momentum resolution of 0.06 Å-1, and a system response function of 150 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kutnyakhov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R P Xian
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Dendzik
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Heber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Pressacco
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Y Agustsson
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Wenthaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Meyer
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Gieschen
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Mercurio
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Benz
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Bühlman
- Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Däster
- Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Gort
- Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Curcio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - K Volckaert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Bianchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ch Sanders
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J A Miwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Ulstrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A Oelsner
- Surface Concept GmbH, 55124 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Tusche
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Y-J Chen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Vasilyev
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Medjanik
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Dziarzhytski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Redlin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Manschwetus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Dong
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hauer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Diekmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - K Rossnagel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Demsar
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H-J Elmers
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ph Hofmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Schönhense
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Acremann
- Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W Wurth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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41
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Cucini R, Pincelli T, Panaccione G, Kopic D, Frassetto F, Miotti P, Pierantozzi GM, Peli S, Fondacaro A, De Luisa A, De Vita A, Carrara P, Krizmancic D, Payne DT, Salvador F, Sterzi A, Poletto L, Parmigiani F, Rossi G, Cilento F. Coherent narrowband light source for ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy in the 17-31 eV photon energy range. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:014303. [PMID: 32039283 PMCID: PMC6994270 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on a novel narrowband High Harmonic Generation (HHG) light source designed for ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) on solids. Notably, at 16.9 eV photon energy, the harmonics bandwidth equals 19 meV. This result has been obtained by seeding the HHG process with 230 fs pulses at 515 nm. The ultimate energy resolution achieved on a polycrystalline Au sample at 40 K is ∼22 meV at 16.9 eV. These parameters set a new benchmark for narrowband HHG sources and have been obtained by varying the repetition rate up to 200 kHz and, consequently, mitigating the space charge, operating with ≈ 3 × 10 7 electrons/s and ≈ 5 × 10 8 photons/s. By comparing the harmonics bandwidth and the ultimate energy resolution with a pulse duration of ∼105 fs (as retrieved from time-resolved experiments on bismuth selenide), we demonstrate a new route for ultrafast space-charge-free PES experiments on solids close to transform-limit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simone Peli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro De Vita
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Carrara
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Daniel T. Payne
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Sterzi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Federico Cilento
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Trieste, Italy
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42
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Sie EJ, Rohwer T, Lee C, Gedik N. Time-resolved XUV ARPES with tunable 24-33 eV laser pulses at 30 meV resolution. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3535. [PMID: 31388015 PMCID: PMC6684652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonic generation of ultrafast laser pulses can be used to perform angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to map the electronic band structure of materials with femtosecond time resolution. However, currently it is difficult to reach high momenta with narrow energy resolution. Here, we combine a gas phase extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond light source, an XUV monochromator, and a time-of-flight electron analyzer to develop XUV-based time-resolved ARPES. Our technique can produce tunable photon energy between 24-33 eV with an unprecedented energy resolution of 30 meV and time resolution of 200 fs. This technique enables time-, energy- and momentum-resolved investigation of the nonequilibrium dynamics of electrons in materials with a full access to their first Brillouin zone. We evaluate the performance of this setup through exemplary measurements on various quantum materials, including WTe2, WSe2, TiSe2, and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edbert J Sie
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timm Rohwer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Changmin Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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43
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Mills AK, Zhdanovich S, Na MX, Boschini F, Razzoli E, Michiardi M, Sheyerman A, Schneider M, Hammond TJ, Süss V, Felser C, Damascelli A, Jones DJ. Cavity-enhanced high harmonic generation for extreme ultraviolet time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083001. [PMID: 31472611 DOI: 10.1063/1.5090507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With its direct correspondence to electronic structure, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a ubiquitous tool for the study of solids. When extended to the temporal domain, time-resolved (TR)-ARPES offers the potential to move beyond equilibrium properties, exploring both the unoccupied electronic structure as well as its dynamical response under ultrafast perturbation. Historically, ultrafast extreme ultraviolet sources employing high-order harmonic generation (HHG) have required compromises that make it challenging to achieve a high energy resolution-which is highly desirable for many TR-ARPES studies-while producing high photon energies and a high photon flux. We address this challenge by performing HHG inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity, realizing a practical source for TR-ARPES that achieves a flux of over 1011 photons/s delivered to the sample, operates over a range of 8-40 eV with a repetition rate of 60 MHz. This source enables TR-ARPES studies with a temporal and energy resolution of 190 fs and 22 meV, respectively. To characterize the system, we perform ARPES measurements of polycrystalline Au and MoTe2, as well as TR-ARPES studies on graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mills
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S Zhdanovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M X Na
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - F Boschini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - E Razzoli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M Michiardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A Sheyerman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T J Hammond
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V Süss
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Damascelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D J Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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44
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Comby A, Descamps D, Beauvarlet S, Gonzalez A, Guichard F, Petit S, Zaouter Y, Mairesse Y. Cascaded harmonic generation from a fiber laser: a milliwatt XUV source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20383-20396. [PMID: 31510133 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent progresses in femtosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser technology are opening new perspectives in strong field physics and attosecond science. High-order harmonic generation from these systems is particularly interesting because it provides high flux beams of ultrashort extreme ultraviolet radiation. A great deal of effort has been devoted to optimize the macroscopic generation parameters. Here we investigate the possibility of enhancing the single-atom response by producing high-order harmonics from the second, third and fourth harmonics of a turnkey 50 W, 166 kHz femtosecond Yb-fiber laser providing 135 fs pulses at 1030 nm. We show that the harmonic efficiency is optimal when the process is driven by the third harmonic, producing 6.6 ± 1.3 × 1014 photons/s at 18 eV in argon, which corresponds to 1.9 ± 0.4 mW average power.
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45
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Xian RP, Rettig L, Ernstorfer R. Symmetry-guided nonrigid registration: The case for distortion correction in multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 202:133-139. [PMID: 31030107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Image symmetrization is an effective strategy to correct symmetry distortion in experimental data for which symmetry is essential in the subsequent analysis. In the process, a coordinate transform, the symmetrization transform, is required to undo the distortion. The transform may be determined by image registration (i.e. alignment) with symmetry constraints imposed in the registration target and in the iterative parameter tuning, which we call symmetry-guided registration. An example use case of image symmetrization is found in electronic band structure mapping by multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy, which employs a 3D time-of-flight detector to measure electrons sorted into the momentum (kx, ky) and energy (E) coordinates. In reality, imperfect instrument design, sample geometry and experimental settings cause distortion of the photoelectron trajectories and, therefore, the symmetry in the measured band structure, which hinders the full understanding and use of the volumetric band mapping datasets. We demonstrate that symmetry-guided registration can correct the symmetry distortion in the momentum-resolved photoemission patterns. Using proposed symmetry metrics, we show quantitatively that the iterative approach to symmetrization outperforms its non-iterative counterpart in the restored symmetry of the outcome while preserving the average shape of the photoemission pattern. Our approach is generalizable to distortion corrections in different types of symmetries and should also find applications in other experimental methods that produce images with similar features.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patrick Xian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
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