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Wiebe D, Limberg MM, Gray N, Raap U. Basophils in pruritic skin diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213138. [PMID: 37465674 PMCID: PMC10350488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils are rare cells in the peripheral blood which have the capability to infiltrate into the skin. Invasion of basophils has been detected in pruritic skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, chronic spontaneous urticaria and contact dermatitis. In the skin, basophils are important players of the inflammatory immune response, as they release Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, subsequently inducing the early activation of T-cells. Further, basophils release a multitude of mediators, such as histamine and IL-31, which both play an important role in the initiation of the pruritic response via activation of sensory nerves. Chronic pruritus significantly affects the quality of life and the working capability of patients, though its mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. Since basophils and neurons share many receptors and channels, bidirectional interaction mechanisms, which drive the sensation of itch, are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wiebe
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maren M. Limberg
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Gray
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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2
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Dramburg S, Hilger C, Santos AF, de Las Vecillas L, Aalberse RC, Acevedo N, Aglas L, Altmann F, Arruda KL, Asero R, Ballmer-Weber B, Barber D, Beyer K, Biedermann T, Bilo MB, Blank S, Bosshard PP, Breiteneder H, Brough HA, Bublin M, Campbell D, Caraballo L, Caubet JC, Celi G, Chapman MD, Chruszcz M, Custovic A, Czolk R, Davies J, Douladiris N, Eberlein B, Ebisawa M, Ehlers A, Eigenmann P, Gadermaier G, Giovannini M, Gomez F, Grohman R, Guillet C, Hafner C, Hamilton RG, Hauser M, Hawranek T, Hoffmann HJ, Holzhauser T, Iizuka T, Jacquet A, Jakob T, Janssen-Weets B, Jappe U, Jutel M, Kalic T, Kamath S, Kespohl S, Kleine-Tebbe J, Knol E, Knulst A, Konradsen JR, Korošec P, Kuehn A, Lack G, Le TM, Lopata A, Luengo O, Mäkelä M, Marra AM, Mills C, Morisset M, Muraro A, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Nugraha R, Ollert M, Palosuo K, Pastorello EA, Patil SU, Platts-Mills T, Pomés A, Poncet P, Potapova E, Poulsen LK, Radauer C, Radulovic S, Raulf M, Rougé P, Sastre J, Sato S, Scala E, Schmid JM, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Schrama D, Sénéchal H, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Valverde-Monge M, van Hage M, van Ree R, Verhoeckx K, Vieths S, Wickman M, Zakzuk J, Matricardi PM, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34 Suppl 28:e13854. [PMID: 37186333 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator of allergic diseases in 1967, our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergies has remarkably increased. In addition to understanding the immune response and clinical symptoms, allergy diagnosis and management depend strongly on the precise identification of the elicitors of the IgE-mediated allergic reaction. In the past four decades, innovations in bioscience and technology have facilitated the identification and production of well-defined, highly pure molecules for component-resolved diagnosis (CRD), allowing a personalized diagnosis and management of the allergic disease for individual patients. The first edition of the "EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide" (MAUG) in 2016 rapidly became a key reference for clinicians, scientists, and interested readers with a background in allergology, immunology, biology, and medicine. Nevertheless, the field of molecular allergology is moving fast, and after 6 years, a new EAACI Taskforce was established to provide an updated document. The Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0 summarizes state-of-the-art information on allergen molecules, their clinical relevance, and their application in diagnostic algorithms for clinical practice. It is designed for both, clinicians and scientists, guiding health care professionals through the overwhelming list of different allergen molecules available for testing. Further, it provides diagnostic algorithms on the clinical relevance of allergenic molecules and gives an overview of their biology, the basic mechanisms of test formats, and the application of tests to measure allergen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rob C Aalberse
- Sanquin Research, Dept Immunopathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Acevedo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla L Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brasil, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Domingo Barber
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Diez (IMMAND), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- RETIC ARADyAL and RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Beatrice Bilo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Allergy Unit Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Torrette, Italy
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen A Brough
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dianne Campbell
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia
| | - Jean Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Celi
- Centro DH Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica ASST- MANTOVA (MN), Mantova, Italy
| | | | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Czolk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Janet Davies
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Emergency Operations Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Anna Ehlers
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Eigenmann
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Allergy Unit IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy research RETIC ARADyAL, Malaga, Spain
| | - Rebecca Grohman
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Internal Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carole Guillet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Hauser
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Hawranek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans Jürgen Hoffmann
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Tomona Iizuka
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Bente Janssen-Weets
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Dept. of Pneumology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tanja Kalic
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Sandip Kamath
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sabine Kespohl
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr- Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleine-Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient Clinic and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward Knol
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - André Knulst
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jon R Konradsen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy-My Le
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Lopata
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olga Luengo
- RETIC ARADyAL and RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mika Mäkelä
- Division of Allergy, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Department, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Clare Mills
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Antonella Muraro
- Food Allergy Referral Centre, Department of Woman and Child Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roni Nugraha
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kati Palosuo
- Department of Allergology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sarita Ulhas Patil
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Departments of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Platts-Mills
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Pascal Poncet
- Institut Pasteur, Immunology Department, Paris, France
- Allergy & Environment Research Team Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Suzana Radulovic
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr- Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Toulouse, France
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sakura Sato
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Scala
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit - IDI- IRCCS, Fondazione L M Monti Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Johannes M Schmid
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Denise Schrama
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Hélène Sénéchal
- Allergy & Environment Research Team Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcela Valverde-Monge
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty Verhoeckx
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia
| | - Paolo M Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Smiljkovic D, Herrmann H, Sadovnik I, Gamperl S, Berger D, Stefanzl G, Eisenwort G, Hoermann G, Kopanja S, Dorofeeva Y, Focke-Tejkl M, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K, Szepfalusi Z, Valenta R, Arock M, Valent P. Expression and regulation of Siglec-6 (CD327) on human mast cells and basophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:202-211. [PMID: 35953001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MC) and basophils are effector cells of allergic reactions and display a number of activation-linked cell surface antigens. Of these antigens, however, only a few are functionally relevant and specifically expressed in these cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify MC- and basophil-specific surface molecules and to study their cellular distribution and regulation during cytokine-induced and IgE-dependent activation. METHODS Multicolor flow cytometry was performed to recognize surface antigens and to determine changes in antigen expression upon activation. RESULTS We identified Siglec-6 (CD327) as a differentially regulated surface antigen on human MC and basophils. In the bone marrow, Siglec-6 was expressed abundantly on MC in patients with mastocytosis and in reactive states, but it was not detected on other myeloid cells, with the exception of basophils and monocytes. In healthy individuals, allergic patients, and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Siglec-6 was identified on CD203c+ blood basophils, a subset of CD19+ B lymphocytes, and few CD14+ monocytes, but not on other blood leukocytes. CML basophils expressed higher levels of Siglec-6 than normal basophils. IL-3 promoted Siglec-6 expression on normal and CML basophils, and stem cell factor increased the expression of Siglec-6 on tissue MC. Unexpectedly, IgE-dependent activation resulted in downregulation of Siglec-6 in IL-3-primed basophils, whereas in MC, IgE-dependent activation augmented stem cell factor-induced upregulation of Siglec-6. CONCLUSIONS Siglec-6 is a dynamically regulated marker of MC and basophils. Activated MC and basophils exhibit unique Siglec-6 responses, including cytokine-dependent upregulation and unique, cell-specific, responses to IgE-receptor cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Kopanja
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yulia Dorofeeva
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology, and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology, and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Szepfalusi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology, and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Sonder SU, Plassmeyer M, Loizou D, Alpan O. Towards standardizing basophil identification by flow cytometry. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1133378. [PMID: 36938328 PMCID: PMC10020589 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1133378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basophils normally make up <2% of the white blood cells (WBC). There is no clear consensus for basophil identification by flow cytometry. The increased demand for basophil activation test (BAT) to identifying and monitoring allergic patients highlights the need for a standardized approach to identify basophils. Methods Using flow cytometry we analyzed whole blood stained with antibodies against: IgE, CD123, CD193, CD203c, CD3, HLADR, FcɛRI, CRTH2 and CD45. We examined unstimulated blood as well as blood stimulated with Anti-IgE and fMLP. Finally, we compared the results to a complete blood count (CBC) from an FDA approved hematological analyzer. Results Basophil identification relying on just one surface marker performed worse than approaches utilizing two identification markers. The percentage of basophils from WBC determined by flow cytometry results had a good correlation with the CBC results even though the CBC results were generally higher. Stimulating whole blood with the basophil activators did not interfere with the basophil identification markers. Conclusion In flow cytometry assays, two surface markers should be used for identifying basophils and if a very pure basophil fraction is desired a third marker can be considered. In our hands the approaches that included CD123 in combination with either CD193, HLADRnegative or FcɛRI performed the best.
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Sadovnik I, Ivanov D, Smiljkovic D, Stefanzl G, Degenfeld-Schonburg L, Herndlhofer S, Eisenwort G, Hauswirth AW, Sliwa T, Keil F, Sperr WR, Valent P. Identification of CD203c as a New Basophil-Specific Flow-Marker in Ph + Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2022; 12:3. [PMID: 36611797 PMCID: PMC9818308 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophilia is a crucial prognostic variable in Ph-chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The ectoenzyme CD203c is an activation-linked surface antigen that is expressed specifically on basophil-committed progenitor cells and mature basophils. We examined the expression of CD203c on progenitors and/or basophils in 21 healthy donors and 44 patients with CML. As expected, the numbers of CD203c+ blood leukocytes were significantly higher in CML patients compared to controls (percentage of CD203c+ cells among viable cells in CML at diagnosis: 4.19 ± 3.68% vs. controls: 0.53 ± 0.23%, p < 0.05). Moreover, CML basophils expressed higher levels of CD203c compared to normal basophils (median staining-index in CML at diagnosis: 29.41 ± 19.14 versus controls: 20.44 ± 13.45). We also found that the numbers and percentage of circulating CD203c+ cells at diagnosis correlate with the disease-related risk-profile. Incubation of CML basophils with an anti-IgE-antibody resulted in further upregulation of CD203c. After successful treatment with imatinib and/or other BCR::ABL1 inhibitors leading to major or complete molecular responses, the numbers of CD203c+ basophils decreased substantially in our CML patients compared to pre-treatment values. Together, CD203c is overexpressed on CML basophils, is further upregulated by IgE receptor cross-linking, and may serve as a biomarker to quantify basophilia in patients with CML at diagnosis and during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Ivanov
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lina Degenfeld-Schonburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Herndlhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Third Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander W. Hauswirth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thamer Sliwa
- Third Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Keil
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Third Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R. Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Ullah S, Hamid K, Batool A, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Khan AR, Langer P, Iqbal J. Synthesis of new sulphonate derivatives containing adamantane and 4-chlorophenyl moieties as nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Peng J, Siracusa MC. Basophils in antihelminth immunity. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101529. [PMID: 34815162 PMCID: PMC8715908 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been appreciated that basophilia is a common feature of helminth infections for approximately 50 years. The ability of basophils to secrete IL-4 and other type 2 cytokines has supported the prevailing notion that basophils contribute to antihelminth immunity by promoting optimal type 2 T helper (Th2) cell responses. While this appears to be the case in several helminth infections, emerging studies are also revealing that the effector functions of basophils are extremely diverse and parasite-specific. Further, new reports now suggest that basophils can restrict type 2 inflammation in a manner that preserves the integrity of helminth-affected tissue. Finally, exciting data has also demonstrated that basophils can regulate inflammation by participating in neuro-immune interactions. This article will review the current state of basophil biology and describe how recent studies are transforming our understanding of the role basophils play in the context of helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Peng
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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8
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Berger D, Bauer K, Kornauth C, Gamperl S, Stefanzl G, Smiljkovic D, Sillaber C, Bettelheim P, Knöbl P, Schiefer AI, Greiner G, Thalhammer R, Hoermann G, Schwarzinger I, Staber PB, Sperr WR, Valent P. Secondary basophilic leukemia in Ph-negative myeloid neoplasms: A distinct subset with poor prognosis. Neoplasia 2021; 23:1183-1191. [PMID: 34731787 PMCID: PMC8572856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During progression of myeloid neoplasms, the basophil compartment may expand substantially and in some of these patients, a basophilic leukemia is diagnosed. In patients with Ph-chromosome+ chronic myeloid leukemia, acceleration of disease is typically accompanied by marked basophilia. In other myeloid neoplasms, secondary leukemic expansion of basophils is rarely seen. We report on 5 patients who suffered from a myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasm, or acute leukemia and developed a massive expansion of basophils during disease progression. In 4 of 5 patients, peripheral blood basophil counts reached 40%, and the diagnosis “secondary basophilic leukemia” was established. As assessed by flow cytometry, neoplastic basophils expressed CD9, CD18, CD25, CD33, CD63, PD-L1, CD123, and CLL-1. In addition, basophils were found to display BB1 (basogranulin), 2D7, tryptase and KIT. In 4 of 5 patients the disease progressed quickly and treatment with azacitidine was started. However, azacitidine did not induce major clinical responses, and all patients died from progressive disease within 3 Y. In in vitro experiments, the patients´ cells and the basophilic leukemia cell line KU812 showed variable responses to targeted drugs, including azacitidine, venetoclax, hydroxyurea, and cytarabine. A combination of venetoclax and azacitidine induced cooperative antineoplastic effects in these cells. Together, secondary basophilic leukemia has a poor prognosis and monotherapy with azacitidine is not sufficient to keep the disease under control for longer time-periods. Whether drug combination, such as venetoclax+azacitidine, can induce better outcomes in these patients remains to be determined in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology (LBI HO), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kornauth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology (LBI HO), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Sillaber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bettelheim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz and Europa-Platz Labor Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Paul Knöbl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology (LBI HO), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ihr Labor, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Thalhammer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology (LBI HO), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Munich Leukemia Laboratory (MLL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ilse Schwarzinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Abstract
Basophils are the rarest blood cell population and have not been extensively studied. Our understanding of the functions of basophils is limited to their roles as the main effector cells in hypersensitivity reactions. Similar to mast cells, basophils express high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI), contain granules, and release hypersensitivity-associated mediators (such as histamine). The roles of basophils have not been fully elucidated; however, with the rapid development of monoclonal techniques, high-purity cell sorting techniques, and basophil-deficient mouse models, understanding of the functions and phenotypes of basophils has increased. This facilitates further investigations on the relationships between basophils and host immunity. Basophils are not only involved in mediating the generation of allergic reactions but also play important roles in immunomodulation and are responsible for the onset of infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the progress in understanding the roles of basophils in mediating immune responses with an emphasis on autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ze-Ming Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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10
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Fuhrmann V, Huang HJ, Akarsu A, Shilovskiy I, Elisyutina O, Khaitov M, van Hage M, Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Valenta R, Sekerel BE. From Allergen Molecules to Molecular Immunotherapy of Nut Allergy: A Hard Nut to Crack. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742732. [PMID: 34630424 PMCID: PMC8496898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanuts and tree nuts are two of the most common elicitors of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. Nut allergy is frequently associated with systemic reactions and can lead to potentially life-threatening respiratory and circulatory symptoms. Furthermore, nut allergy usually persists throughout life. Whether sensitized patients exhibit severe and life-threatening reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis), mild and/or local reactions (e.g., pollen-food allergy syndrome) or no relevant symptoms depends much on IgE recognition of digestion-resistant class I food allergens, IgE cross-reactivity of class II food allergens with respiratory allergens and clinically not relevant plant-derived carbohydrate epitopes, respectively. Accordingly, molecular allergy diagnosis based on the measurement of allergen-specific IgE levels to allergen molecules provides important information in addition to provocation testing in the diagnosis of food allergy. Molecular allergy diagnosis helps identifying the genuinely sensitizing nuts, it determines IgE sensitization to class I and II food allergen molecules and hence provides a basis for personalized forms of treatment such as precise prescription of diet and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Currently available forms of nut-specific AIT are based only on allergen extracts, have been mainly developed for peanut but not for other nuts and, unlike AIT for respiratory allergies which utilize often subcutaneous administration, are given preferentially by the oral route. Here we review prevalence of allergy to peanut and tree nuts in different populations of the world, summarize knowledge regarding the involved nut allergen molecules and current AIT approaches for nut allergy. We argue that nut-specific AIT may benefit from molecular subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) approaches but identify also possible hurdles for such an approach and explain why molecular SCIT may be a hard nut to crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Fuhrmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huey-Jy Huang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aysegul Akarsu
- Division of Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University, Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bulent Enis Sekerel
- Division of Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Smiljkovic D, Kiss R, Lupinek C, Hoermann G, Greiner G, Witzeneder N, Krajnik G, Trautinger F, Vrtala S, Mittermann I, Kundi M, Jilma B, Valenta R, Sperr WR, Valent P. Microarray-Based Detection of Allergen-Reactive IgE in Patients with Mastocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:2761-2768.e16. [PMID: 32348913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of a high risk to develop fatal anaphylaxis, early detection of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent allergy is of particular importance in patients with mastocytosis. OBJECTIVE We examined whether microarray-based screening for allergen-reactive IgE (allergen-chip) is a sensitive and robust approach to detect specific IgE in patients with mastocytosis. METHODS Sera for 42 patients were analyzed, including 4 with cutaneous mastocytosis, 2 with mastocytosis in the skin, and 36 with systemic mastocytosis. In addition, sera from an age- and sex-matched control cohort (n = 42) were analyzed. RESULTS In 15 of 42 patients with mastocytosis (35.7%), specific IgE was detected by allergen-chip profiling. Ves v 5 and Bet v 1 were the most frequently detected allergens (Ves v 5: 16.7% of patients; Bet v 1: 11.9% of patients). Allergen reactivity was confirmed by demonstrating upregulation of CD203c on blood basophils upon exposure to the respective allergen(s) in these patients. Specific IgE was identified by chip studies in 11 of 26 patients with mastocytosis with mediator-related symptoms (42.3%) and in 4 of 14 patients with mastocytosis without symptoms (28.6%). In the cohort with known allergy, 9 of 9 patients (100%) had a positive allergen-chip result. In patients with mastocytosis without a known allergy (n = 31), the chip identified 6 positive cases (19.5%). The prevalence of chip-positive patients was slightly lower in the mastocytosis group (35.7%) compared with age- and sex-matched controls (40.5%). CONCLUSIONS Although specific IgE may not be detectable in all sensitized patients with mastocytosis, allergy chip-profiling is a reliable screening approach for the identification of patients with mastocytosis suffering from IgE-dependent allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renata Kiss
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Krajnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital St. Poelten, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Franz Trautinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Poelten, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Mittermann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Huang H, Curin M, Banerjee S, Chen K, Garmatiuk T, Resch‐Marat Y, Carvalho‐Queiroz C, Blatt K, Gafvelin G, Grönlund H, Valent P, Campana R, Focke‐Tejkl M, Valenta R, Vrtala S. A hypoallergenic peptide mix containing T cell epitopes of the clinically relevant house dust mite allergens. Allergy 2019; 74:2461-2478. [PMID: 31228873 PMCID: PMC7078969 DOI: 10.1111/all.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background In the house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p 1, 2, 5, 7, 21, and 23 have been identified as the most important allergens. The aim of this study was to define hypoallergenic peptides derived from the sequences of the six allergens and to use the peptides and the complete allergens to study antibody, T cell, and cytokine responses in sensitized and nonsensitized subjects. Methods IgE reactivity of HDM‐allergic and non‐HDM‐sensitized individuals to 15 HDM allergens was established using ImmunoCAP ISAC technology. Thirty‐three peptides covering the sequences of the six HDM allergens were synthesized. Allergens and peptides were tested for IgE and IgG reactivity by ELISA and ImmunoCAP, respectively. Allergenic activity was determined by basophil activation. CD4+ T cell and cytokine responses were determined in PBMC cultures by CFSE dilution and Luminex technology, respectively. Results House dust mite allergics showed IgE reactivity only to complete allergens, whereas 31 of the 33 peptides lacked relevant IgE reactivity and allergenic activity. IgG antibodies of HDM‐allergic and nonsensitized subjects were directed against peptide epitopes and higher allergen‐specific IgG levels were found in HDM allergics. PBMC from HDM‐allergics produced higher levels of IL‐5 whereas non‐HDM‐sensitized individuals mounted higher levels of IFN‐gamma, IL‐17, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and IL‐10. Conclusion IgG antibodies in HDM‐allergic patients recognize peptide epitopes which are different from the epitopes recognized by IgE. This may explain why naturally occurring allergen‐specific IgG antibodies do not protect against IgE‐mediated allergic inflammation. A mix of hypoallergenic peptides containing T cell epitopes of the most important HDM allergens was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey‐Jy Huang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Srinita Banerjee
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Kuan‐Wei Chen
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Tetiana Garmatiuk
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Yvonne Resch‐Marat
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Claudia Carvalho‐Queiroz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology&Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Guro Gafvelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology&Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Margarete Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Laboratory for Immunopathology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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13
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Theoharides TC, Tsilioni I, Ren H. Recent advances in our understanding of mast cell activation - or should it be mast cell mediator disorders? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:639-656. [PMID: 30884251 PMCID: PMC7003574 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1596800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of patients present with multiple symptoms affecting many organs including the brain due to multiple mediators released by mast cells. These unique tissue immune cells are critical for allergic reactions triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE), but are also stimulated (not activated) by immune, drug, environmental, food, infectious, and stress triggers, leading to secretion of multiple mediators often without histamine and tryptase. The presentation, diagnosis, and management of the spectrum of mast cell disorders are very confusing. As a result, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been left out, and diagnostic criteria made stricter excluding most patients. Areas covered: A literature search was performed on papers published between January 1990 and November 2018 using MEDLINE. Terms used were activation, antihistamines, atopy, autism, brain fog, heparin, KIT mutation, IgE, inflammation, IL-6, IL-31, IL-37, luteolin, mast cells, mastocytosis, mediators, mycotoxins, release, secretion, tetramethoxyluteolin, and tryptase. Expert opinion: Conditions associated with elevated serum or urine levels of any mast cell mediator, in the absence of comorbidities that could explain elevated levels, should be considered 'Mast Cell Mediator Disorders (MCMD).' Emphasis should be placed on the identification of unique mast cell mediators, and development of drugs or supplements that inhibit their release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huali Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Najafi N, Hofer G, Gattinger P, Smiljkovic D, Blatt K, Selb R, Stoecklinger A, Keller W, Valent P, Niederberger V, Thalhamer J, Valenta R, Flicker S. Fusion proteins consisting of Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 form IgE-reactive aggregates with reduced allergenic activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4006. [PMID: 30850635 PMCID: PMC6408504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-linking of effector cell-bound IgE antibodies by allergens induces the release of inflammatory mediators which are responsible for the symptoms of allergy. We demonstrate that a recombinant hybrid molecule consisting of the major birch (Bet v 1) and grass (Phl p 5) pollen allergen exhibited reduced allergenic activity as compared to equimolar mixes of the isolated allergens in basophil activation experiments. The reduced allergenic activity of the hybrid was not due to reduced IgE reactivity as demonstrated by IgE binding experiments using sera from allergic patients. Physicochemical characterization of the hybrid by size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, negative-stain electron microscopy and circular dichroism showed that the hybrid occurred as folded aggregate whereas the isolated allergens were folded monomeric proteins. IgG antibodies raised in rabbits against epitopes of Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 showed reduced reactivity with the hybrid compared to the monomeric allergens. Our results thus demonstrate that aggregation can induce changes in the conformation of allergens and lead to the reduction of allergenic activity. This is a new mechanism for reducing the allergenic activity of allergens which may be important for modifying allergens to exhibit reduced side effects when used for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Najafi
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Gattinger
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Stoecklinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - W Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Thalhamer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - R Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Valent P, Akin C, Bonadonna P, Hartmann K, Brockow K, Niedoszytko M, Nedoszytko B, Siebenhaar F, Sperr WR, Oude Elberink JNG, Butterfield JH, Alvarez-Twose I, Sotlar K, Reiter A, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Hermine O, Gotlib J, Broesby-Olsen S, Orfao A, Horny HP, Triggiani M, Arock M, Schwartz LB, Metcalfe DD. Proposed Diagnostic Algorithm for Patients with Suspected Mast Cell Activation Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:1125-1133.e1. [PMID: 30737190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell activation (MCA) accompanies diverse physiologic and pathologic processes and is one of the more frequently encountered conditions in medicine. MCA-related symptoms are usually mild and often transient. In such cases, histamine receptor blockers and other mediator-targeting drugs can usually control MCA. In severe cases, an MCA syndrome (MCAS) may be diagnosed. However, overt MCAS is an unusual condition, and many patients referred because of suspected MCAS are diagnosed with other diseases (autoimmune, neoplastic, or infectious) unrelated to MCA or suffer from MCA-related (eg, allergic) disorders and/or comorbidities without fulfilling criteria of an overt MCAS. These considerations are important as more and more patients are informed that they may have MCA or even MCAS without completing a thorough medical evaluation. In fact, in several instances, symptoms are misinterpreted as MCA/MCAS, and other clinically relevant conditions are not thoroughly pursued. The number of such referrals is increasing. To avoid such unnecessary referrals and to prevent misdiagnoses, we here propose a diagnostic algorithm through which a clinically relevant (systemic) MCA can be suspected and MCAS can subsequently be documented or excluded. In addition, the algorithm proposed should help guide the investigating care providers to consider the 2 principal diagnoses that may underlie MCAS, namely, severe allergy and systemic mastocytosis accompanied by severe MCA. Although validation is required, we anticipate that this algorithm will facilitate the management of patients with suspected MCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Department of Dermatology & Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna N G Oude Elberink
- Department of Allergology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ivan Alvarez-Twose
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) and CIBERONC, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Reiter
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitäts-Medizin Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hanneke C Kluin-Nelemans
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Imagine Institute Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Centre national de référence des mastocytoses, Paris, France
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Sigurd Broesby-Olsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Servicio Central de Citometria, Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (IBMCC; CSIC/USAL), IBSAL, CIBERONC and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Lawrence B Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
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16
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Crystal structure and substrate binding mode of ectonucleotide phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase-3 (NPP3). Sci Rep 2018; 8:10874. [PMID: 30022031 PMCID: PMC6052110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotide phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase-3 (NPP3) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that regulates extracellular levels of nucleotides. NPP3 is known to contribute to the immune response on basophils by hydrolyzing ATP and to regulate the glycosyltransferase activity in Neuro2a cells. Here, we report on crystal structures of the nuclease and phosphodiesterase domains of rat NPP3 in complex with different substrates, products and substrate analogs giving insight into details of the catalytic mechanism. Complex structures with a phosphate ion, the product AMP and the substrate analog AMPNPP provide a consistent picture of the coordination of the substrate in which one zinc ion activates the threonine nucleophile whereas the other zinc ion binds the phosphate group. Co-crystal structures with the dinucleotide substrates Ap4A and UDPGlcNAc reveal a binding pocket for the larger leaving groups of these substrates. The crystal structures as well as mutational and kinetic analysis demonstrate that the larger leaving groups interact only weakly with the enzyme such that the substrate affinity is dominated by the interactions of the first nucleoside group. For this moiety, the nucleobase is stacked between Y290 and F207 and polar interactions with the protein are only formed via water molecules thus explaining the limited nucleobase selectivity.
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17
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Gadermaier E, Marth K, Lupinek C, Campana R, Hofer G, Blatt K, Smiljkovic D, Roder U, Focke-Tejkl M, Vrtala S, Keller W, Valent P, Valenta R, Flicker S. Isolation of a high-affinity Bet v 1-specific IgG-derived ScFv from a subject vaccinated with hypoallergenic Bet v 1 fragments. Allergy 2018; 73:1425-1435. [PMID: 29315611 PMCID: PMC6032869 DOI: 10.1111/all.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives have been used in clinical immunotherapy studies, and clinical efficacy seems to be related to the induction of blocking IgG antibodies recognizing the wild‐type allergens. However, so far no treatment‐induced IgG antibodies have been characterized. Objective To clone, express, and characterize IgG antibodies induced by vaccination with two hypoallergenic recombinant fragments of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1 in a nonallergic subject. Methods A phage‐displayed combinatorial single‐chain fragment (ScFv) library was constructed from blood of the immunized subject and screened for Bet v 1‐reactive antibody fragments. ScFvs were tested for specificity and cross‐reactivity to native Bet v 1 and related pollen and food allergens, and epitope mapping was performed. Germline ancestor genes of the antibody were analyzed with the ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) database. The affinity to Bet v 1 and cross‐reactive allergens was determined by surface plasmon resonance measurements. The ability to inhibit patients’ IgE binding to ELISA plate‐bound allergens and allergen‐induced basophil activation was assessed. Results A combinatorial ScFv library was obtained from the vaccinated donor after three injections with the Bet v 1 fragments. Despite being almost in germline configuration, ScFv (clone H3‐1) reacted with high affinity to native Bet v 1 and homologous allergens, inhibited allergic patients’ polyclonal IgE binding to Bet v 1, and partially suppressed allergen‐induced basophil activation. Conclusion Immunization with unfolded hypoallergenic allergen derivatives induces high‐affinity antibodies even in nonallergic subjects which recognize the folded wild‐type allergens and inhibit polyclonal IgE binding of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Gadermaier
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Marth
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Campana
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - G. Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; BioTechMed, University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - D. Smiljkovic
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - U. Roder
- GE Healthcare Europe GmbH; Freiburg Germany
| | - M. Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - W. Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; BioTechMed, University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia; Moscow Russia
| | - S. Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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18
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Eckl-Dorna J, Fröschl R, Lupinek C, Kiss R, Gattinger P, Marth K, Campana R, Mittermann I, Blatt K, Valent P, Selb R, Mayer A, Gangl K, Steiner I, Gamper J, Perkmann T, Zieglmayer P, Gevaert P, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Intranasal administration of allergen increases specific IgE whereas intranasal omalizumab does not increase serum IgE levels-A pilot study. Allergy 2018; 73:1003-1012. [PMID: 29083477 PMCID: PMC5969304 DOI: 10.1111/all.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Administration of the therapeutic anti‐IgE antibody omalizumab to patients induces strong increases in IgE antibody levels. Objective To investigate the effect of intranasal administration of major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, omalizumab or placebo on the levels of total and allergen‐specific IgE in patients with birch pollen allergy. Methods Based on the fact that intranasal allergen application induces rises of systemic allergen‐specific IgE, we performed a double‐blind placebo‐controlled pilot trial in which birch pollen allergic subjects were challenged intranasally with omalizumab, placebo or birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Total and allergen‐specific IgE, IgG and basophil sensitivity were measured before and 8 weeks after challenge. For control purposes, total, allergen‐specific IgE levels and omalizumab‐IgE complexes as well as specific IgG levels were studied in subjects treated subcutaneously with either omalizumab or placebo. Effects of omalizumab on IgE production by IL‐4/anti‐CD40‐treated PBMCs from allergic patients were studied in vitro. Results Intranasal challenge with Bet v 1 induced increases in Bet v 1‐specific IgE levels by a median of 59.2%, and this change differed significantly from the other treatment groups (P = .016). No relevant change in allergen‐specific and total IgE levels was observed in subjects challenged with omalizumab. Addition of omalizumab did not enhance IL‐4/anti‐CD40‐induced IgE production in vitro. Significant rises in total IgE (mean IgE before: 131.83 kU/L to mean IgE after: 505.23 kU/L) and the presence of IgE‐omalizumab complexes were observed after subcutaneous administration of omalizumab. Conclusion Intranasal administration of allergen induced rises of allergen‐specific IgE levels, whereas intranasal administration of omalizumab did not enhance systemic total or allergen‐specific IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Fröschl
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Kiss
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - P. Gattinger
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Marth
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Campana
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - I. Mittermann
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - A. Mayer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - I. Steiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems; Section for Medical Statistics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - J. Gamper
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems; Section for Medical Statistics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - T. Perkmann
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - P. Gevaert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory (URL); Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - V. Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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19
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Igarashi A, Ebihara Y, Kumagai T, Hirai H, Nagata K, Tsuji K. Mast cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells are useful for allergen tests. Allergol Int 2018; 67:234-242. [PMID: 28919488 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods have been developed to detect allergen-specific IgE in sera. The passive IgE sensitization assay using human IgE receptor-expressing rat cell line RBL-2H3 is a powerful tool to detect biologically active allergen-specific IgE in serum samples. However, one disadvantage is that RBL-2H3 cells are vulnerable to high concentrations of human sera. Only a few human cultured cell lines are easily applicable to the passive IgE sensitization assay. However, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate human mast cells (MCs) has not yet been reported. METHODS The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-responsive luciferase reporter gene was stably introduced into a human iPSC line 201B7, and the transfectants were induced to differentiate into MCs (iPSC-MCs). The iPSC-MCs were sensitized overnight with sera from subjects who were allergic to cedar pollen, ragweed pollen, mites, or house dust, and then stimulated with an extract of corresponding allergens. Activation of iPSC-MCs was evaluated by β-hexosaminidase release, histamine release, or luciferase intensity. RESULTS iPSCs-MCs stably expressed high-affinity IgE receptor and functionally responded to various allergens when sensitized with human sera from relevant allergic subjects. This passive IgE sensitization system, which we termed the induced mast cell activation test (iMAT), worked well even with undiluted human sera. CONCLUSIONS iMAT may serve as a novel determining system for IgE/allergens in the clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Igarashi
- Division of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Inc., Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Ebihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kumagai
- Division of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirai
- Division of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kinya Nagata
- Division of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohichiro Tsuji
- Department of Pediatric, National Hospital Organization Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Nagano, Japan
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20
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Zhang N, Zhang ZM, Wang XF. Correlation analysis between peripheral blood basophils and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x17751810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study set out to investigate the number and the activation of peripheral blood basophils, and the correlation analysis between peripheral blood basophils and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It was determined whether these indices could be used as a monitoring index of RA activation and thereby provide a new disease assessment method for RA. Using flow cytometry, the number and activation level of peripheral blood basophils were determined in RA patients compared with healthy donors. General clinical data were collected and laboratory indices of RA patients were analyzed. A correlation between the number and the activation of basophils was determined using the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP).The absolute count and percentage of peripheral blood basophils in RA patients were significantly lower than that of controls (absolute count P = 0.033, percentage P = 0.047). However, the activation level of basophils was significantly higher than that in controls ( P = 0.034). In addition, the activation level of basophils showed statistically significant differences in disease groups with different activities ( P = 0.011, P = 0.037, and P = 0.002). With an increasing DAS28 score, the number of peripheral blood basophils was shown to decrease while activation level increased. The absolute count and activation level of basophils in RA patients and normal controls on receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.676, P = 0.025; AUC = 0.694, P = 0.014), respectively, which were statistically significant in differentiating RA patients from controls. The activation level of basophils was positively correlated with CCP ( P < 0.001, r = 0.831), was positively correlated with CRP ( P = 0.001, r = 0.588). These data are correlated with disease activity assessment and can be used as an early monitoring index of RA activity. Therefore, these studies provide a new basis for evaluation of clinical disease activity in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Ming Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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21
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Smiljkovic D, Blatt K, Stefanzl G, Dorofeeva Y, Skrabs C, Focke‐Tejkl M, Sperr WR, Jaeger U, Valenta R, Valent P. BTK inhibition is a potent approach to block IgE-mediated histamine release in human basophils. Allergy 2017; 72:1666-1676. [PMID: 28328081 PMCID: PMC5655929 DOI: 10.1111/all.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent data suggest that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an emerging therapeutic target in IgE receptor (IgER)‐cross‐linked basophils. Methods We examined the effects of four BTK inhibitors (ibrutinib, dasatinib, AVL‐292, and CNX‐774) on IgE‐dependent activation and histamine release in blood basophils obtained from allergic patients (n=11) and nonallergic donors (n=5). In addition, we examined the effects of these drugs on the growth of the human basophil cell line KU812 and the human mast cell line HMC‐1. Results All four BTK blockers were found to inhibit anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release from basophils in nonallergic subjects and allergen‐induced histamine liberation from basophils in allergic donors. Drug effects on allergen‐induced histamine release were dose dependent, with IC50 values ranging between 0.001 and 0.5 μmol/L, and the following rank order of potency: ibrutinib>AVL‐292>dasatinib>CNX‐774. The basophil‐targeting effect of ibrutinib was confirmed by demonstrating that IgE‐dependent histamine release in ex vivo blood basophils is largely suppressed in a leukemia patient treated with ibrutinib. Dasatinib and ibrutinib were also found to counteract anti‐IgE‐induced and allergen‐induced upregulation of CD13, CD63, CD164, and CD203c on basophils, whereas AVL‐292 and CNX‐774 showed no significant effects. Whereas dasatinib and CNX‐774 were found to inhibit the growth of HMC‐1 cells and KU812 cells, no substantial effects were seen with ibrutinib or AVL‐292. Conclusions BTK‐targeting drugs are potent inhibitors of IgE‐dependent histamine release in human basophils. The clinical value of BTK inhibition in the context of allergic diseases remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - G. Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Y. Dorofeeva
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - C. Skrabs
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - M. Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - W. R. Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - U. Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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Abstract
Food allergy diagnosis remains challenging. Most standard methods are unable to differentiate sensitization from clinical allergy. Recognizing food allergy is of utmost importance to prevent life-threatening reactions. On the other hand, faulty interpretation of tests leads to overdiagnosis and unnecessary food avoidances. Highly predictive models have been established for major food allergens based on skin prick testing and food-specific immunoglobulin E but are lacking for most other foods. Although many newer diagnostic techniques are improving the accuracy of food allergy diagnostics, an oral food challenge remains the only definitive method of confirming a food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Gupta
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Suite H-2100, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
| | - Amanda Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Santos AF, Shreffler WG. Road map for the clinical application of the basophil activation test in food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1115-1124. [PMID: 28618090 PMCID: PMC5601249 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy based solely on the clinical history and the documentation of specific IgE to whole allergen extract or single allergens is often ambiguous, requiring oral food challenges (OFCs), with the attendant risk and inconvenience to the patient, to confirm the diagnosis of food allergy. This is a considerable proportion of patients assessed in allergy clinics. The basophil activation test (BAT) has emerged as having superior specificity and comparable sensitivity to diagnose food allergy, when compared with skin prick test and specific IgE. BAT, therefore, may reduce the number of OFC required for accurate diagnosis, particularly positive OFC. BAT can also be used to monitor resolution of food allergy and the clinical response to immunomodulatory treatments. Given the practicalities involved in the performance of BAT, we propose that it can be applied for selected cases where the history, skin prick test and/or specific IgE are not definitive for the diagnosis of food allergy. In the cases that the BAT is positive, food allergy is sufficiently confirmed without OFC; in the cases that BAT is negative or the patient has non‐responder basophils, OFC may still be indicated. However, broad clinical application of BAT demands further standardization of the laboratory procedure and of the flow cytometry data analyses, as well as clinical validation of BAT as a diagnostic test for multiple target allergens and confirmation of its feasibility and cost‐effectiveness in multiple settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Santos
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, King's College London/Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - W G Shreffler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lupinek C, Derfler K, Lee S, Prikoszovich T, Movadat O, Wollmann E, Cornelius C, Weber M, Fröschl R, Selb R, Blatt K, Smiljkovic D, Schoder V, Cervenka R, Plaichner T, Stegfellner G, Huber H, Henning R, Kozik-Jaromin J, Perkmann T, Niederberger V, Petkov V, Valent P, Gauly A, Leinenbach HP, Uhlenbusch-Koerwer I, Valenta R. Extracorporeal IgE Immunoadsorption in Allergic Asthma: Safety and Efficacy. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:119-133. [PMID: 28254561 PMCID: PMC5360571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of IgE-binding to cellular IgE-receptors by anti-IgE (Omalizumab) is clinically effective in allergic asthma, but limited by IgE threshold-levels. To overcome this limitation, we developed a single-use IgE immunoadsorber column (IgEnio). IgEnio is based on a recombinant, IgE-specific antibody fragment and can be used for the specific extracorporeal desorption of IgE. OBJECTIVE To study safety and efficacy of IgEnio regarding the selective depletion of IgE in a randomized, open-label, controlled pilot trial in patients with allergic asthma and to investigate if IgEnio can bind IgE-Omalizumab immune complexes. METHODS Fifteen subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to the treatment group (n=10) or to the control group (n=5). Immunoadsorption was done by veno-venous approach, processing the twofold calculated plasma volume during each treatment. A minimum average IgE-depletion of 50% after the last cycle in the intention-to-treat population was defined as primary endpoint. Safety of the treatment was studied as secondary endpoint. In addition, possible changes in allergen-specific sensitivity were investigated, as well as clinical effects by peak flow measurement and symptom-recording. The depletion of IgE-Omalizumab immune complexes was studied in vitro. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02096237) and conducted from December 2013 to July 2014. RESULTS IgE immunoadsorption with IgEnio selectively depleted 86.2% (±5.1% SD) of IgE until the end of the last cycle (p<0.0001). Removal of pollen allergen-specific IgE was associated with a reduction of allergen-specific basophil-sensitivity and prevented increases of allergen-specific skin-sensitivity and clinical symptoms during pollen seasons. IgEnio also depleted IgE-Omalizumab immune complexes in vitro. The therapy under investigation was safe and well-tolerated. During a total of 81 aphereses, 2 severe adverse events (SAE) were recorded, one of which, an episode of acute dyspnea, possibly was related to the treatment and resolved after administration of antihistamines and corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study indicates that IgE immunoadsorption with IgEnio may be used to treat patients with pollen-induced allergic asthma. Furthermore, the treatment could render allergic patients with highly elevated IgE-levels eligible for the administration of Omalizumab and facilitate the desorption of IgE-Omalizumab complexes. This study was funded by Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Derfler
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Lee
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Prikoszovich
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Movadat
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Wollmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolin Cornelius
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Fröschl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Schoder
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Clinical Research, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - René Cervenka
- Fresenius Medical Care Adsorber Tec GmbH, Krems, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ventzislav Petkov
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Gauly
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Clinical Research, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Lötzsch B, Dölle S, Vieths S, Worm M. Exploratory analysis of CD63 and CD203c expression in basophils from hazelnut sensitized and allergic individuals. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:45. [PMID: 27999658 PMCID: PMC5153676 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitization to hazelnut (HN) is frequent and requires clarification to determine whether this sensitization is clinically relevant. The aim of this study was to investigate basophil activation profiles in HN-sensitized and allergic subjects. Methods Basophil activation was determined by flow cytometric analyses of CD63 and CD203c expression using several HN allergen concentrations. Depending on their clinical reaction pattern, an oral allergy symptom group (OAS, n = 20), a systemic reaction group (n = 12) and a sensitized group without clinical symptoms (n = 20) were identified. Additionally, 10 non-allergic and non-sensitized individuals served as controls. Results CD63 and CD203c expression differed between allergic (OAS and systemic group) and sensitized subjects. The HN concentration required to activate 30% of CD203c+ basophils [effective concentration (EC)30] was significantly higher in sensitized versus the allergic group (p = 0.0089). This was more pronounced when the basophil allergen threshold sensitivity (CD-sens) was calculated (CD63: p = 0.018; CD203c: p = 0.009). Conclusion Our data indicate that the basophil activation test may provide information to better distinguish between sensitized and allergic subjects if several allergen concentrations are considered. CD203c expression displayed a better discrimination compared to CD63; therefore, its diagnostic value might be superior compared with CD63. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0134-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lötzsch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Dölle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Molecular, Structural and Immunological Characterization of Der p 18, a Chitinase-Like House Dust Mite Allergen. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160641. [PMID: 27548813 PMCID: PMC4993390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The house dust mite (HDM) allergen Der p 18 belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinases. The relevance of Der p 18 for house dust mite allergic patients has only been partly investigated. Objective To perform a detailed characterization of Der p 18 on a molecular, structural and immunological level. Methods Der p 18 was expressed in E. coli, purified to homogeneity, tested for chitin-binding activity and its secondary structure was analyzed by circular dichroism. Der p 18-specific IgG antibodies were produced in rabbits to localize the allergen in mites using immunogold electron microscopy and to search for cross-reactive allergens in other allergen sources (i.e. mites, crustacea, mollusca and insects). IgE reactivity of rDer p 18 was tested with sera from clinically well characterized HDM-allergic patients (n = 98) and its allergenic activity was analyzed in basophil activation experiments. Results Recombinant Der p 18 was expressed and purified as a folded, biologically active protein. It shows weak chitin-binding activity and partial cross-reactivity with Der f 18 from D. farinae but not with proteins from the other tested allergen sources. The allergen was mainly localized in the peritrophic matrix of the HDM gut and to a lower extent in fecal pellets. Der p 18 reacted with IgE from 10% of mite allergic patients from Austria and showed allergenic activity when tested for basophil activation in Der p 18-sensitized patients. Conclusion Der p 18 is a rather genus-specific minor allergen with weak chitin-binding activity but exhibits allergenic activity and therefore should be included in diagnostic test panels for HDM allergy.
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Zieglmayer P, Focke-Tejkl M, Schmutz R, Lemell P, Zieglmayer R, Weber M, Kiss R, Blatt K, Valent P, Stolz F, Huber H, Neubauer A, Knoll A, Horak F, Henning R, Valenta R. Mechanisms, safety and efficacy of a B cell epitope-based vaccine for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy. EBioMedicine 2016; 11:43-57. [PMID: 27650868 PMCID: PMC5049999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have developed a recombinant B cell epitope-based vaccine (BM32) for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) of grass pollen allergy. The vaccine contains recombinant fusion proteins consisting of allergen-derived peptides and the hepatitis B surface protein domain preS as immunological carrier. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled AIT study to determine safety, clinical efficacy and immunological mechanism of three subcutaneous injections of three BM32 doses adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide versus aluminum hydroxide (placebo) applied monthly to grass pollen allergic patients (n=70). Primary efficacy endpoint was the difference in total nasal symptom score (TNSS) through grass pollen chamber exposure before treatment and 4weeks after the last injection. Secondary clinical endpoints were total ocular symptom score (TOSS) and allergen-specific skin response evaluated by titrated skin prick testing (SPT) at the same time points. Treatment-related side effects were evaluated as safety endpoints. Changes in allergen-specific antibody, cellular and cytokine responses were measured in patients before and after treatment. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients completed the trial. TNSS significantly decreased with mean changes of -1.41 (BM32/20μg) (P=0.03) and -1.34 (BM32/40μg) (P=0.003) whereas mean changes in the BM32/10μg and placebo group were not significant. TOSS and SPT reactions showed a dose-dependent decrease. No systemic immediate type side effects were observed. Only few grade 1 systemic late phase reactions occurred in BM32 treated patients. The number of local injection site reactions was similar in actively and placebo-treated patients. BM32 induced highly significant allergen-specific IgG responses (P<0.0001) but no allergen-specific IgE. Allergen-induced basophil activation was reduced in BM32 treated patients and addition of therapy-induced IgG significantly suppressed T cell activation (P=0.0063). CONCLUSION The B cell epitope-based recombinant grass pollen allergy vaccine BM32 is well tolerated and few doses are sufficient to suppress immediate allergic reactions as well as allergen-specific T cell responses via a selective induction of allergen-specific IgG antibodies. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01445002.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renata Kiss
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Der Basophilenaktivierungstest (BAT) bei Bäckern mit obstruktiven allergischen Atemwegserkrankungen. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-016-1138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cop N, Decuyper II, Faber MA, Sabato V, Bridts CH, Hagendorens MM, De Winter BY, De Clerck LS, Ebo DG. Phenotypic and functional characterization ofin vitrocultured human mast cells. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 92:348-354. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Cop
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - II Decuyper
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - MA Faber
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - V Sabato
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - CH Bridts
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - MM Hagendorens
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - BY De Winter
- Department of Pediatrics; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - LS De Clerck
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - DG Ebo
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
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Sircar G, Jana K, Dasgupta A, Saha S, Gupta Bhattacharya S. Epitope Mapping of Rhi o 1 and Generation of a Hypoallergenic Variant: A CANDIDATE MOLECULE FOR FUNGAL ALLERGY VACCINES. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18016-29. [PMID: 27358405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy is often severely impaired by detrimental IgE-mediated side effects of native allergen during vaccination. Here, we present the molecular determinants for IgE recognition of Rhi o 1 and eventually converting the allergen into a hypoallergenic immunogen to restrain health hazards during desensitization. Rhi o 1 is a respiratory fungal allergen. Despite having cross-reactivity with cockroach allergen, we observed that non-cross-reactive epitope predominantly determined IgE binding to Rhi o 1. Denaturation and refolding behavior of the allergen confirmed that its IgE reactivity was not essentially conformation-dependent. A combinatorial approach consisting of computational prediction and a peptide-based immunoassay identified two peptides ((44)TGEYLTQKYFNSQRNN and (311)GAEKNWAGQYVVDCNK) of Rhi o 1 that frequently reacted with IgE antibodies of sensitized patients. Interestingly, these peptides did not represent purely linear IgE epitopes but were presented in a conformational manner by forming a spatially clustered surface-exposed epitope conferring optimal IgE-binding capacity to the folded allergen. Site-directed alanine substitution identified four residues of the IgE epitope that were crucial for antibody binding. A multiple mutant (T49A/Y52A/K314A/W316A) showing 100-fold lower IgE binding and reduced allergenic activity was generated. The TYKW mutant retained T-cell epitopes, as evident from its lymphoproliferative capacity but down-regulated pro-allergic IL-5 secretion. The TYKW mutant induced enhanced focusing of blocking IgG antibodies specifically toward the IgE epitope of the allergen. Anti-TYKW mutant polyclonal IgG antibodies competitively inhibited binding of IgE antibodies to Rhi o 1 up to 70% and suppressed allergen-mediated histamine release by 10-fold. In conclusion, this is a simple yet rational strategy based on epitope mapping data to develop a genetically modified hypoallergenic variant showing protective antibody response for immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurab Sircar
- From the Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute (Main Campus), 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | | | - Angira Dasgupta
- the Department of Chest Medicine, BR Singh Hospital and Centre for Medical Education and Research, Kolkata-700014, India
| | - Sudipto Saha
- the Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute (Centenary Building), P 1/12, C. I. T. Road, Scheme-VIIM, Kolkata-700054, India, and
| | - Swati Gupta Bhattacharya
- From the Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute (Main Campus), 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India,
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Tsai SH, Takeda K. Regulation of allergic inflammation by the ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) on basophils and mast cells. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:571-9. [PMID: 27130555 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is released from dying or damaged cells, as well as from activated cells. Once secreted, extracellular ATP induces several immune responses via P2X and P2Y receptors. Basophils and mast cells release ATP upon FcεRI-crosslinking, and ATP activates basophils and mast cells in an autocrine manner. Nucleotide-converting ectoenzymes, such as E-NTPD1, E-NTPD7, and E-NPP3, inhibit ATP-dependent immune responses by hydrolyzing ATP, thereby contributing to immune response regulation. E-NPP3 is a well-known activation marker for human basophils. E-NPP3's physiologic function has recently been disclosed in mice. E-NPP3 is rapidly induced on basophils and mast cells after FcεRI-crosslinking and hydrolyzes extracellular ATP on cell surfaces to prevent ATP-dependent excess activation of basophils and mast cells. In the absence of E-NPP3, basophils and mast cells are overactivated and mice suffer from severe chronic allergic inflammation. Thus, the ATP-hydrolyzing ectoenzymes E-NPP3 has a nonnegligible role in the regulation of basophil- and mast cell-mediated allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Han Tsai
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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Lupinek C, Wollmann E, Valenta R. Monitoring Allergen Immunotherapy Effects by Microarray. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2016; 3:189-203. [PMID: 27330931 PMCID: PMC4891384 DOI: 10.1007/s40521-016-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment of IgE-mediated allergies so far that has a sustained effect on clinical symptoms and can modify the course of the disease. It is an allergen-specific treatment and therefore requires the correct identification of the disease-causing allergens. Furthermore, AIT is a time-consuming treatment for which the efficacy is dependent on several factors. Therefore, diagnostic tests and biomarkers are needed that facilitate (1) selection of the correct allergens according to the patient's individual sensitization profile and (2) to monitor the effects of AIT. This can provide support for the decision to continue, modify, or discontinue vaccination. One significant mechanism of action of AIT is the induction of allergen-specific antibodies that compete with IgE for the binding to allergen molecules, hence referred to as blocking antibodies. It was shown in several studies that the induction of blocking antibodies by AIT, and their specificity can be measured by allergen microarrays. Inhibition of allergen-specific IgE binding by blocking antibodies can also be determined by microarrays and is associated with changes in clinical parameters or other in vivo and in vitro assays demonstrating efficacy of AIT. Furthermore, allergen microarrays allow determination of IgE sensitizations towards a comprehensive set of allergen molecules and therefore are well suited for identifying the disease-causing allergens for correct prescription of AIT. Thus, diagnostic tests based on microarrayed allergens can be useful in determining the correct prescription of AIT and can be used to monitor efficacy of AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Wollmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Santos AF, Bécares N, Stephens A, Turcanu V, Lack G. The expression of CD123 can decrease with basophil activation: implications for the gating strategy of the basophil activation test. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:11. [PMID: 27042292 PMCID: PMC4818434 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Basophil activation test (BAT) reproduces IgE-mediated allergic reactions in vitro and has been used as a diagnostic test. Different markers can be used to identify basophils in whole blood and have implications for the outcome of the test. We aimed to assess changes in the expression of CD123 and HLA-DR following basophil activation and to select the best gating strategy for BAT using these markers. Methods BAT was performed in whole blood from 116 children. Peanut extract, anti-IgE, anti-FcεRI or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanin (fMLP) was used for stimulation. Surface expression of CD123, HLA-DR, CD63 and CD203c was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results In some cases, gating on CD123+/HLA-DR− led to the loss-to-analysis of basophils in conditions where basophils were activated. Adding CD203c as an identification marker restored the cell number. Basophils remained HLA-DR-negative with activation. CD123 expression decreased following stimulation with fMLP (n = 116, p < 0.001), anti-IgE (n = 104, p < 0.001) and peanut (n = 42, p < 0.001). The decrease in the mean fluorescence intensity of CD123 correlated with the up-regulation of basophil activation markers, CD63 (rs = −0.31, p < 0.001) and CD203c (rs = −0.35, p < 0.001). BAT to peanut gating basophils on CD203c+/CD123+/HLA-DR− reduced the false-negatives (1 vs. 5 %) and showed a higher diagnostic accuracy compared to using CD123+/HLA-DR− (97 vs. 91 %). CD203c+ appeared as an alternative gating strategy allowing two-colour BAT. Conclusions
Basophils of a subset of patients down-regulate CD123 with activation. The use of CD203c before gating on CD123+/HLA-DR− cells or in isolation ensures the identification of the entire basophil population and accurate assessment of basophil activation, with important diagnostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Santos
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK ; Immunoallergology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal ; Gulbenkian Programme for Advanced Medical Education, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natalia Bécares
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Alick Stephens
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Victor Turcanu
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Gideon Lack
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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Kumagai T, Yamaguchi N, Hirai H, Kojima S, Kodani Y, Hashiguchi A, Haida M, Nakamura M. Loxoprofen sodium induces the production of complement C5a in human serum. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 33:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Santos AF, Lack G. Basophil activation test: food challenge in a test tube or specialist research tool? Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:10. [PMID: 26981234 PMCID: PMC4791855 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral food challenge (OFC) is the gold-standard to diagnose food allergy; however, it is a labour and resource-intensive procedure with the risk of causing an acute allergic reaction, which is potentially severe. Therefore, OFC are reserved for cases where the clinical history and the results of skin prick test and/or specific IgE do not confirm or exclude the diagnosis of food allergy. This is a significant proportion of patients seen in Allergy clinics and results in a high demand for OFC. The basophil activation test (BAT) has emerged as a new diagnostic test for food allergy. With high diagnostic accuracy, it can be particularly helpful in the cases where skin prick test and specific IgE are equivocal and may allow reducing the need for OFC. BAT has high specificity, which confers a high degree of certainty in confirming the diagnosis of food allergy and allows deferring the performance of OFC in patients with a positive BAT. The diagnostic utility of BAT is allergen-specific and needs to be validated for different allergens and in specific patient populations. Standardisation of the laboratory methodology and of the data analyses would help to enable a wider clinical application of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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Heneberg P, Riegerová K, Kučera P. Pimecrolimus Is a Potent Inhibitor of Allergic Reactions to Hymenopteran Venom Extracts and Birch Pollen Allergen In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142953. [PMID: 26562153 PMCID: PMC4643035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pimecrolimus (Elidel, SDZ ASM 981) is an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory 33-epichloro-derivative of macrolactam ascomycin, with low potential for affecting systemic immune responses compared with other calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporin A and tacrolimus. Despite numerous studies focused on the mechanism of pimecrolimus action on mast cells, only the single report has addressed pimecrolimus effects on other typical FcεRI-expressing cells, the basophils. Patients allergic to birch pollen (n = 20), hymenopteran venoms (n = 23) and 10 non-allergic volunteers were examined. Primary human basophils pre-treated or not with 0.5-50 μMol pimecrolimus were exposed to various concentrations of recombinant Bet v 1a allergen, bee or wasp venom extracts and anti-IgE for 20 min, and then examined for the expression of CD45, CD193, CD203c, CD63 and CD164 using flow cytometry. The externalization of basophil activation markers (CD63 and CD164) was equally inhibited through pimecrolimus in cells activated by recombinant pollen allergen, hymenopteran venom extracts and anti-IgE. Although the individual response rate was subject to strong variation, importantly, pre-treatment with pimecrolimus lowered the number of activated basophils in response to any of the stimuli in the basophils from all patients. The inhibition was concentration-dependent; approximately half of the basophils were inhibited in the presence of 2.5 mMol pimecrolimus. Pimecrolimus is a valuable new tool for the inhibition of hyper-reactive basophils in patients with pollen allergy and a history of anaphylactic reactions to bee or wasp venoms. Further research should address short-term use of pimecrolimus in vivo in a wide spectrum of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Kamila Riegerová
- Department of Immunology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kučera
- Department of Immunology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Nakamura Y, Nakano N, Ishimaru K, Ando N, Katoh R, Suzuki-Inoue K, Koyanagki S, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shibata S, Nakao A. Inhibition of IgE-mediated allergic reactions by pharmacologically targeting the circadian clock. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1226-1235. [PMID: 26559325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock temporally gates signaling through the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) in mast cells, thereby generating a marked day/night variation in allergic reactions. Thus manipulation of the molecular clock in mast cells might have therapeutic potential for IgE-mediated allergic reactions. OBJECTIVE We determined whether pharmacologically resetting the molecular clock in mast cells or basophils to times when FcεRI signaling was reduced (ie, when core circadian protein period 2 [PER2] is upregulated) resulted in suppression of IgE-mediated allergic reactions. METHODS We examined the effects of PF670462, a selective inhibitor of the key clock component casein kinase 1δ/ε, or glucocorticoid, both of which upregulated PER2 in mast cells, on IgE-mediated allergic reactions both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS PF670462 or corticosterone (or dexamethasone) suppressed IgE-mediated allergic reactions in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells or basophils and passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions in mice in association with increased PER2 levels in mast cells or basophils. PF670462 or dexamethasone also ameliorated allergic symptoms in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis and downregulated allergen-specific basophil reactivity in patients with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION Pharmacologically resetting the molecular clock in mast cells or basophils to times when FcεRI signaling is reduced can inhibit IgE-mediated allergic reactions. The results suggest a new strategy for controlling IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Additionally, this study suggests a novel mechanism underlying the antiallergic actions of glucocorticoids that relies on the circadian clock, which might provide a novel insight into the pharmacology of this drug in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Noriko Ando
- Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan; Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hoffmann HJ, Santos AF, Mayorga C, Nopp A, Eberlein B, Ferrer M, Rouzaire P, Ebo DG, Sabato V, Sanz ML, Pecaric-Petkovic T, Patil SU, Hausmann OV, Shreffler WG, Korosec P, Knol EF. The clinical utility of basophil activation testing in diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease. Allergy 2015. [PMID: 26198455 DOI: 10.1111/all.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The basophil activation test (BAT) has become a pervasive test for allergic response through the development of flow cytometry, discovery of activation markers such as CD63 and unique markers identifying basophil granulocytes. Basophil activation test measures basophil response to allergen cross-linking IgE on between 150 and 2000 basophil granulocytes in <0.1 ml fresh blood. Dichotomous activation is assessed as the fraction of reacting basophils. In addition to clinical history, skin prick test, and specific IgE determination, BAT can be a part of the diagnostic evaluation of patients with food-, insect venom-, and drug allergy and chronic urticaria. It may be helpful in determining the clinically relevant allergen. Basophil sensitivity may be used to monitor patients on allergen immunotherapy, anti-IgE treatment or in the natural resolution of allergy. Basophil activation test may use fewer resources and be more reproducible than challenge testing. As it is less stressful for the patient and avoids severe allergic reactions, BAT ought to precede challenge testing. An important next step is to standardize BAT and make it available in diagnostic laboratories. The nature of basophil activation as an ex vivo challenge makes it a multifaceted and promising tool for the allergist. In this EAACI task force position paper, we provide an overview of the practical and technical details as well as the clinical utility of BAT in diagnosis and management of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Hoffmann
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. F. Santos
- Department of Paediatric Allergy; Division of Asthma; Allergy and Lung Biology; King's College London; London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; London UK
- Immunoallergology Department; Coimbra University Hospital; Coimbra Portugal
| | - C. Mayorga
- Research Laboratory and Allergy Service; IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga; UMA; Malaga Spain
| | - A. Nopp
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit; Department of Medicine Solna; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - B. Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - M. Ferrer
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - P. Rouzaire
- Department of Immunology; University Hospital; Clermont-Ferrand and ERTICa Research Group; University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - D. G. Ebo
- Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp Belgium
| | - V. Sabato
- Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp Belgium
| | - M. L. Sanz
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - T. Pecaric-Petkovic
- Adverse Drug Reactions-Analysis and Consulting (ADR-AC) GmbH; Bern Switzerland
| | - S. U. Patil
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - O. V. Hausmann
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Loewenpraxis; Luzern Switzerland
| | - W. G. Shreffler
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - P. Korosec
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology & Molecular Genetics; University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik; Golnik Slovenia
| | - E. F. Knol
- Department of Immunology and Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Campana R, Moritz K, Marth K, Neubauer A, Huber H, Henning R, Blatt K, Hoermann G, Brodie TM, Kaider A, Valent P, Sallusto F, Wöhrl S, Valenta R. Frequent occurrence of T cell-mediated late reactions revealed by atopy patch testing with hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:601-609.e8. [PMID: 26518092 PMCID: PMC4748398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Late allergic reactions are common in the course of allergen-specific immunotherapy and even occur with allergy vaccines with reduced IgE reactivity. Objective We sought to study atopy patch test (APT) reactions and T-cell responses to the recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and recombinant hypoallergenic T-cell epitope–containing Bet v 1 fragments in patients with birch pollen allergy with and without atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods A clinical study was conducted in 15 patients with birch pollen allergy with AD (group 1), 5 patients with birch pollen allergy without AD (group 2), 5 allergic patients without birch pollen allergy (group 3), and 5 nonallergic subjects (group 4) by performing skin prick tests and APTs with rBet v 1 and hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments. T-cell, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)+ and CCR4+ T-cell and cytokine responses were studied by thymidine uptake, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining, and Luminex technology, respectively. Results rBet v 1 and hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments induced APT reactions in not only most of the patients with birch pollen allergy with AD (11/15) but also in most of those without AD (4/5). Patients with birch pollen allergy with AD had higher Bet v 1–specific proliferation of CLA+ and CCR4+ T cells compared with patients with birch pollen allergy without AD. There were no differences in Bet v 1–specific CLA+ and CCR4+ proliferation and cytokine secretion in patients with and without APT reactions. Conclusion Hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments induce T cell–dependent late reactions not only in patients with birch pollen allergy with AD but also in those without AD, which can be determined based on APT results but not based on in vitro parameters.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Allergens/immunology
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- Betula/adverse effects
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Female
- Histamine Release
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Patch Tests
- Pollen/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Moritz
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Marth
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hans Huber
- Biomay AG, Vienna Competence Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tess M Brodie
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Kaider
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Wöhrl
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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IgE-mediated 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) generation by peripheral blood leukocytes: its association with basophil activation. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2015; 32:262-7. [PMID: 26366149 PMCID: PMC4565836 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2015.52741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergen-induced basophil activation has been associated with the release of several mediators and with an increased expression of CD203c molecules on basophils. AIM To assess the influence of specific allergens on the generation of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (15-HETE) from peripheral blood leukocytes in relation to basophil activation, on the basis of CD203c molecule expression and histamine release. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 15 patients with clinical symptoms of birch pollen allergy confirmed by a positive skin prick test with the birch allergen, and 6 healthy controls. Leukocytes isolated from peripheral blood were incubated with 3 concentrations of the birch pollen allergen (Bet v 1), anti-IgE or with ionophore A23187. RESULTS In vitro challenge of leukocytes from allergic patients with 1 ng/ml of allergen induced a significant increase in 15-HETE generation. An increase above 30% was observed in almost half the allergic patients, with mean values ranging from 40% to 46%, but not in healthy controls. Anti-IgE antibodies increased 15-HETE generation in 5 patients (termed IgE+), and the allergen induced a significant increase in 15-HETE in all patients who reacted to anti-IgE. The mean CD203c expression on basophils of the allergic patients increased after allergen challenge, but a significant increase (> 30%) was observed only in patients who demonstrated an increased expression after anti-IgE exposure. A significant correlation was seen between 15-HETE generation and histamine release induced by the highest concentration of the allergen (r = 0.95; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Allergen-induced, IgE-mediated activation of basophils is associated with a significant increase in 15-HETE generation.
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Sakakibara Y, Wada T, Muraoka M, Matsuda Y, Toma T, Yachie A. Basophil activation by mosquito extracts in patients with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:965-71. [PMID: 25990049 PMCID: PMC4556384 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) is a cutaneous disorder belonging to the group of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferative diseases, and is primarily mediated by EBV-infected NK cells. It is characterized by intense local skin reactions accompanied by general symptoms after mosquito bites, and infiltration of EBV-infected NK cells into the bite sites. However, the mechanisms underlying these reactions have not been fully examined. We recently described the activation of circulating basophils by mosquito extracts in vitro in a patient with HMB. To further investigate this finding, we studied four additional patients with HMB. All patients showed typical clinical features of HMB after mosquito bites and they had NK lymphocytosis and high peripheral blood EBV DNA loads. We found evidence of EBV infection in NK cells through in situ hybridization that detected EBV-encoded small RNA-1, and flow cytometry showed HLA-DR expression on almost all NK cells. Basophil activation tests with the extracts of epidemic mosquitoes Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus showed positive responses to one or both extracts in all samples from patients with HMB, suggesting the presence of mosquito antigen-specific IgE and its binding to basophils. In particular, the extract of Aedes albopictus was able to activate basophils in all available patient samples. These results indicate that basophils and/or mast cells activated by mosquito bites may be involved in initiation and development of severe skin reactions to mosquito bites in HMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Sakakibara
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toma
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Weber M, Narayanan M, Neubauer A, Mayrhofer H, Blatt K, Lupinek C, Valent P, Valenta R. Molecular evolution of hypoallergenic hybrid proteins for vaccination against grass pollen allergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4008-18. [PMID: 25786690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
More than 10% of the population in Europe and North America suffer from IgE-associated allergy to grass pollen. In this article, we describe the development of a vaccine for grass pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy based on two recombinant hypoallergenic mosaic molecules, designated P and Q, which were constructed out of elements derived from the four major timothy grass pollen allergens: Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6. Seventeen recombinant mosaic molecules were expressed and purified in Escherichia coli using synthetic genes, characterized regarding biochemical properties, structural fold, and IgE reactivity. We found that depending on the arrangement of allergen fragments, mosaic molecules with strongly varying IgE reactivity were obtained. Based on an extensive screening with sera and basophils from allergic patients, two hypoallergenic mosaic molecules, P and Q, incorporating the primary sequence elements of the four grass pollen allergens were identified. As shown by lymphoproliferation experiments, they contained allergen-specific T cell epitopes required for tolerance induction, and upon immunization of animals induced higher allergen-specific IgG Abs than the wild-type allergens and a registered monophosphoryl lipid A-adjuvanted vaccine based on natural grass pollen allergen extract. Moreover, IgG Abs induced by immunization with P and Q inhibited the binding of patients' IgE to natural allergens from five grasses better than IgG induced with the wild-type allergens or an extract-based vaccine. Our results suggest that vaccines based on the hypoallergenic grass pollen mosaics can be used for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Meena Narayanan
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Mayrhofer
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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Madritsch C, Eckl-Dorna J, Blatt K, Ellinger I, Kundi M, Niederberger V, Valent P, Valenta R, Flicker S. Antibody conjugates bispecific for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and allergen prevent migration of allergens through respiratory epithelial cell layers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:490-3.e11. [PMID: 25769914 PMCID: PMC4530582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Madritsch
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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44
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Ando N, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shimada S, Nakao A. Allergen-specific basophil reactivity exhibits daily variations in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2015; 70:319-22. [PMID: 25443426 PMCID: PMC4357461 DOI: 10.1111/all.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It remains poorly understood how symptoms in allergic rhinitis are most severe during overnight or early in the morning. The circadian clock consisting of a network of several ‘clock genes’ including Clock drives daily rhythms in physiology. This study showed that allergen-induced surface CD203c expression on basophils in seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by Japanese cedar pollen exhibited a time-of-day-dependent variation associated with temporal variations in canonical circadian clock gene expression. We also found that bone-marrow-derived basophils (BM basophils) generated from wild-type mice exhibited a time-of-day-dependent variation in IgE-mediated IL-4 and histamine production, which was not observed in BM basophils generated from Clock-mutated mice. Therefore, allergen-specific basophil reactivity shows daily variations depending on the circadian clock activity in basophils, which could partly explain temporal symptomatic variations in allergic rhinitis. Additionally, circadian variations in CD203c expression should be considered for interpretation of this biomarker in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ando
- Department of Dermatology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Department of Immunology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
| | - K. Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
| | - H. Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Okumura
- Atopy Research Center Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Shimada
- Department of Dermatology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
| | - A. Nakao
- Department of Immunology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
- Atopy Research Center Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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45
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Tang P, Chen Q, Lan Q, Chen Y, Yang H, An N, Xiao H, Liu H, Wu P, Xie T, Pan Q. Role of basophils in rheumatoid arthritis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1567-1571. [PMID: 26136859 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The T helper (Th)1/Th2 imbalance plays a crucial role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is well known that basophils can affect the Th1/Th2 balance by enhancing the Th2 response, while impairing the Th1 response, which is known to be involved in the development of a number of diseases. However, limited information is available with regard to the role of basophils in RA. Decreased levels of circulating basophils and a dominant Th1 response have been reported in adult patients with RA, while children with juvenile RA have been largely found to have increased levels of circulating basophils and a dominant Th2 response. Furthermore, the circulating basophils in the two conditions have an activated phenotype and are associated with disease activity. In addition, a longitudinal study found the Th2 response was dominant in the early stages of RA, while the Th1 response was dominant in long-term chronic RA. These observations indicate that basophils may be involved in the development of RA by affecting the Th1/Th2 balance, particularly in the early stages of RA. Therefore, targeting basophils may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RA; however, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Tang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhua Chen
- Department of Rheumatism, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qiaofen Lan
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Haijuan Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Ning An
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xie
- Department of Rheumatism, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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46
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Watson BM, Oliveria JP, Nusca GM, Smith SG, Beaudin S, Dua B, Watson RM, Assayag EI, Cormier YF, Sehmi R, Gauvreau GM. Inhibition of allergen-induced basophil activation by ASM-024, a nicotinic receptor ligand. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 165:255-64. [PMID: 25660404 DOI: 10.1159/000370068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were identified on eosinophils and shown to regulate inflammatory responses, but nAChR expression on basophils has not been explored yet. OBJECTIVE We investigated surface receptor expression of nAChR α4, α7 and α1/α3/α5 subunits on basophils. Furthermore, we examined the effects of ASM-024, a synthetic nicotinic ligand, on in vitro anti-IgE and in vivo allergen-induced basophil activation. METHODS Basophils were enriched from the peripheral blood of allergic donors and the expression of nAChR subunits and muscarinic receptors was determined. Purified basophils were stimulated with anti-IgE in the presence of ASM-024 with or without muscarinic or nicotinic antagonists for the measurement of CD203c expression and histamine release. The effect of 9 days of treatment with 50 and 200 mg ASM-024 on basophil CD203c expression was examined in the blood of mild allergic asthmatics before and after allergen inhalation challenge. RESULTS nAChR α4, α7 and α1/α3/α5 receptor subunit expression was detected on basophils. Stimulation of basophils with anti-IgE increased CD203c expression and histamine release, which was inhibited by ASM-024 (10(-5) to 10(-)(3) M, p < 0.05). The effect of ASM-024 was reversed in the presence of muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists. In subjects with mild asthma, ASM-024 inhalation significantly inhibited basophil CD203c expression measured 24 h after allergen challenge (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION This study shows that ASM-024 inhibits IgE- and allergen-induced basophil activation through both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and suggests that ASM-024 may be an efficacious agent for modulating allergic asthma responses.
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Curin M, Weber M, Thalhamer T, Swoboda I, Focke-Tejkl M, Blatt K, Valent P, Marth K, Garmatiuk T, Grönlund H, Thalhamer J, Spitzauer S, Valenta R. Hypoallergenic derivatives of Fel d 1 obtained by rational reassembly for allergy vaccination and tolerance induction. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:882-94. [PMID: 24552249 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The major cat allergen Fel d 1 represents one of the most important respiratory allergens. Aim of this study was to engineer recombinant Fel d 1 derivatives with reduced IgE reactivity and preserved T cell epitopes for vaccination and tolerance induction. METHODS Seven recombinant mosaic proteins were generated by reassembly of non-IgE-reactive peptides of Fel d 1 which contained the sequence elements for induction of allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies and T cell epitopes. Mosaic proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli using codon-optimized synthetic genes and compared with Fel d 1 regarding structural fold by circular dichroism, IgE-binding capacity, activation of allergic patients' basophils and ability to induce allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies upon immunization. RESULTS Although each of the mosaic proteins had lost the alpha-helical fold typical for Fel d 1, a strong reduction in IgE reactivity as well as allergenic activity in basophil activation assays was only obtained for three constructs, two reassembled fragments (Fel d 1 MB, Fel d 1 MC) and a fusion of the latter two (Fel d 1 MF) in which the cysteines of Fel d 1 MC were replaced by serines. Immunization of rabbits with Fel d 1 MB, MC and MF induced high levels of IgG antibodies that inhibited IgE reactivity of cat-allergic patients to Fel d 1 in a comparable manner as IgG induced with the wild-type allergen. CONCLUSIONS We report the development of hypoallergenic reassembled Fel d 1 proteins suitable for vaccination and tolerance induction in cat-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Curin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Focke-Tejkl M, Weber M, Niespodziana K, Neubauer A, Huber H, Henning R, Stegfellner G, Maderegger B, Hauer M, Stolz F, Niederberger V, Marth K, Eckl-Dorna J, Weiss R, Thalhamer J, Blatt K, Valent P, Valenta R. Development and characterization of a recombinant, hypoallergenic, peptide-based vaccine for grass pollen allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1207-7.e1-11. [PMID: 25441634 PMCID: PMC4418753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Grass pollen is one of the most important sources of respiratory allergies worldwide. Objective This study describes the development of a grass pollen allergy vaccine based on recombinant hypoallergenic derivatives of the major timothy grass pollen allergens Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6 by using a peptide-carrier approach. Methods Fusion proteins consisting of nonallergenic peptides from the 4 major timothy grass pollen allergens and the PreS protein from hepatitis B virus as a carrier were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by means of chromatography. Recombinant PreS fusion proteins were tested for allergenic activity and T-cell activation by means of IgE serology, basophil activation testing, T-cell proliferation assays, and xMAP Luminex technology in patients with grass pollen allergy. Rabbits were immunized with PreS fusion proteins to characterize their immunogenicity. Results Ten hypoallergenic PreS fusion proteins were constructed, expressed, and purified. According to immunogenicity and induction of allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies, 4 hypoallergenic fusion proteins (BM321, BM322, BM325, and BM326) representing Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6 were included as components in the vaccine termed BM32. BM321, BM322, BM325, and BM326 showed almost completely abolished allergenic activity and induced significantly reduced T-cell proliferation and release of proinflammatory cytokines in patients' PBMCs compared with grass pollen allergens. On immunization, they induced allergen-specific IgG antibodies, which inhibited patients' IgE binding to all 4 major allergens of grass pollen, as well as allergen-induced basophil activation. Conclusion A recombinant hypoallergenic grass pollen allergy vaccine (BM32) consisting of 4 recombinant PreS-fused grass pollen allergen peptides was developed for safe immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Niespodziana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Marth
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josef Thalhamer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Oltean BM, Ernst M, Renneker S, Bakheit MA, Seitzer U, Ahmed J. Whole antigenic lysates of Ixodes ricinus, but not Der-p2 allergen-like protein, are potent inducers of basophil activation in previously tick-exposed human hosts. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 60 Suppl 2:162-71. [PMID: 24589117 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The clinical suspicion of tick anaphylaxis is based on a history of the bite and occurs often during the warm season. Further arguments are the presence of natural hosts in the immediate environment and, eventually, the identification of the tick. The diagnosis is confirmed when immediate-type sensitization is shown by positive skin prick tests performed with specific tick extracts or the demonstration of specific IgE in vitro. In the current study, we hypothesize that hard tick-derived material contains potent inducers being able to promote basophil stimulation, which correlates with a sensitization immunological response following tick bites. To this end, biological material from two hard tick cell lines (IRE11 and IDE8 - derived from Ixodes ricinus and I. scapularis, respectively) as well as I. ricinus salivary gland and body lysates were used in a human basophil activation test (BAT) to analyse binding and cross-linking capacity of membrane-bound IgE, because basophils are one of the main effector cells of allergic reactions. Additionally, Der-p2 allergen-like gene from I. ricinus was recombinantly expressed as a 15-kDa histidine-tagged fusion protein, purified and included as a stimulus within the setup. Blood was drawn and submitted to BAT screening from a pool of 36 individuals, both bitten and who served solely as negative controls. We have found that seven subjects (19%), all of whom were at least two times tick-bitten, positively reacted to the aforementioned stimuli, whereas the reactivity level of the ones bearing single bites proved to be within the normal range. Moreover, no significant upregulation of the assessed basophil activation marker was detected in the case of Der-p2, except a faint reaction at high dosages. We conclude that at least two tick bites of the human host must occur in order to induce significant basophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Oltean
- Research Center Borstel, Division of Veterinary Infection Biology and Immunology, Borstel, Germany
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50
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Sun N, Zhou C, Zhou X, Sun L, Che H. Use of a rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell-based immunological assay for allergen identification, clinical diagnosis of allergy, and identification of anti-allergy agents for use in immunotherapy. J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:199-205. [PMID: 24920006 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.920063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is an important public health problem that affects an estimated 8% of young children and 2% of adults. With an increasing interest in genetically-engineered foods, there is a growing need for development of sensitive and specific tests to evaluate potential allergenicity of foods and novel proteins as well as to determine allergic responses to ensure consumer safety. This review covers progress made in the field of development of cell models, specifically that involving a rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell-based immunoassay, for use in allergen identification, diagnosis, and immunotherapy. The RBL assay has been extensively employed for determining biologically relevant cross-reactivities of food proteins, assessing the effect of processing on the allergenicity of food proteins, diagnosing allergic responses to whole-food products, and identifying anti-allergy food compounds. From the review of the literature, one might conclude the RBL cell-based assay is a better test system when compared to wild-type mast cell and basophil model systems for use in allergen identification, diagnosis, and analyses of potential immunotherapeutics. However, it is important to emphasize that this assay will only be able to identify those allergens to which the human has already been exposed, but will not identify a truly novel allergen, i.e. one that has never been encountered as in its preferred (humanized) configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , PR China and
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