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Hernández González LL, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Hernández-Huerta MT, Mayoral Andrade G, Martínez Cruz M, Ramos-Martínez E, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Cruz Hernández V, Antonio García I, Matias-Cervantes CA, Avendaño Villegas ME, Lastre Domínguez CM, Romero Díaz C, Ruiz-Rosado JDD, Pérez-Campos E. Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Exploring Promising Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Preeclampsia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:605. [PMID: 38794175 PMCID: PMC11123764 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, which constitute the most abundant leukocytes in human blood, emerge as crucial players in the induction of endothelial cell death and the modulation of endothelial cell responses under both physiological and pathological conditions. The hallmark of preeclampsia is endothelial dysfunction induced by systemic inflammation, in which neutrophils, particularly through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), play a pivotal role in the development and perpetuation of endothelial dysfunction and the hypertensive state. Considering the potential of numerous pharmaceutical agents to attenuate NET formation (NETosis) in preeclampsia, a comprehensive assessment of the extensively studied candidates becomes imperative. This review aims to identify mechanisms associated with the induction and negative regulation of NETs in the context of preeclampsia. We discuss potential drugs to modulate NETosis, such as NF-κβ inhibitors, vitamin D, and aspirin, and their association with mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Strong evidence supports the notion that molecules involved in the activation of NETs could serve as promising targets for the treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Lorena Hernández González
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Systems and Technological Innovation, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68125, Mexico
| | - Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (G.M.A.); (E.P.-C.M.)
| | - María Teresa Hernández-Huerta
- CONAHCyT, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (M.T.H.-H.); (C.A.M.-C.)
| | - Gabriel Mayoral Andrade
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (G.M.A.); (E.P.-C.M.)
| | - Margarito Martínez Cruz
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Edgar Ramos-Martínez
- School of Sciences, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (G.M.A.); (E.P.-C.M.)
| | | | | | - Carlos Alberto Matias-Cervantes
- CONAHCyT, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (M.T.H.-H.); (C.A.M.-C.)
| | - Miriam Emily Avendaño Villegas
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
| | | | - Carlos Romero Díaz
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (G.M.A.); (E.P.-C.M.)
| | - Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Research Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, “Eduardo Pérez Ortega”, Oaxaca 68000, Mexico
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Maroudias G, Vrachnis D, Fotiou A, Loukas N, Mantzou A, Pergialiotis V, Valsamakis G, Machairiotis N, Stavros S, Panagopoulos P, Vakas P, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Drakakis P, Vrachnis N. Measurement of Calprotectin and PTH in the Amniotic Fluid of Early Second Trimester Pregnancies and Their Impact on Fetuses with Growth Disorders: Are Their Levels Related to Oxidative Stress? J Clin Med 2024; 13:855. [PMID: 38337548 PMCID: PMC10856459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: During the early stages of human fetal development, the fetal skeleton system is chiefly made up of cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone. Fetal bone development is mainly regulated by the parathyroid hormone parathormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein, with specific calprotectin playing a substantial role in cell adhesion and chemotaxis while exhibiting antimicrobial activity during the inflammatory osteogenesis process. The aim of our study was to measure the levels of PTH and calprotectin in early second trimester amniotic fluid and to carry out a comparison between the levels observed among normal full-term pregnancies (control group) and those of the groups of embryos exhibiting impaired or enhanced growth. Methods: For the present prospective study, we collected amniotic fluid samples from pregnancies that underwent amniocentesis at 15 to 22 weeks of gestational age during the period 2021-2023. Subsequently, we followed up on all pregnancies closely until delivery. Having recorded fetal birthweights, we then divided the neonates into three groups: small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Results: In total, 64 pregnancies, including 14 SGA, 10 LGA, and 40 AGA fetuses, were included in our study. Both substances were detected in early second trimester amniotic fluid in both groups. Concentrations of calprotectin differed significantly among the three groups (p = 0.033). AGA fetuses had a lower mean value of 4.195 (2.415-6.425) IU/mL, whereas LGA fetuses had a higher mean value of 6.055 (4.887-13.950) IU/mL, while SGA fetuses had a mean value of 5.475 (3.400-9.177) IU/mL. Further analysis revealed that only LGA fetuses had significantly higher calprotectin concentrations compared to AGA fetuses (p = 0.018). PTH concentration was similar between the groups, with LGA fetuses having a mean value of 13.18 (9.51-15.52) IU/mL, while SGA fetuses had a mean value of 14.18 (9.02-16.00) IU/mL, and AGA fetuses had similar concentrations of 13.35 (9.05-15.81) IU/mL. The differences in PTH concentration among the three groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.513). Conclusions: Calprotectin values in the amniotic fluid in the early second trimester were higher in LGA fetuses compared to those in the SGA and AGA categories. LGA fetuses can possibly be in a state of low-grade chronic inflammation due to excessive fat deposition, causing oxidative stress in LGA fetuses and, eventually, the release of calprotectin. Moreover, PTH concentrations in the amniotic fluid of early second trimester pregnancies were not found to be statistically correlated with fetal growth abnormalities in either LGA or SGA fetuses. However, the early time of collection and the small number of patients in our study should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Maroudias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Vrachnis
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Alexandros Fotiou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Nikolaos Loukas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- First Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece (C.K.-G.)
| | - Vasileiοs Pergialiotis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Valsamakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.V.)
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Vakas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.V.)
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece (C.K.-G.)
| | - Petros Drakakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
- Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17, UK
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Kanninen T, Jung E, Gallo DM, Diaz-Primera R, Romero R, Gotsch F, Suksai M, Bosco M, Chaiworapongsa T. Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 in pregnancy with a small-for-gestational-age fetus and with preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2153034. [PMID: 36521862 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2153034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia and fetal growth disorders are pregnancy-specific conditions that share common pathophysiological mechanisms. Yet, why some patients develop preeclampsia while others experience fetal growth restriction, or a combination of both clinical presentations, is unknown. We propose that the difference in severity of the maternal inflammatory response can contribute to the clinical phenotypes of preeclampsia vs. small for gestational age (SGA). To assess this hypothesis, we measured maternal plasma concentrations of the soluble isoform of suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2), a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family that buffers proinflammatory responses. Previous reports showed that serum sST2 concentrations rise in the presence of intravascular inflammation and Th1-type immune responses and are significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia compared to those with normal pregnancy. The behavior of sST2 in pregnancies complicated by SGA has not been reported. This study was conducted to compare sST2 plasma concentrations in normal pregnancies, in those with preeclampsia, and in those with an SGA fetus. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included women with an SGA fetus (n = 52), women with preeclampsia (n = 106), and those with normal pregnancy (n = 131). Maternal plasma concentrations of sST2 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Doppler velocimetry of the uterine and umbilical arteries was available in a subset of patients with SGA (42 patients and 43 patients, respectively). RESULTS (1) Women with an SGA fetus had a significantly higher median plasma concentration of sST2 than normal pregnant women (p = .008); (2) women with preeclampsia had a significantly higher median plasma concentration of sST2 than those with normal pregnancy (p < .001) and those with an SGA fetus (p < .001); (3) patients with SGA and abnormal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry had a higher median plasma concentration of sST2 than controls (p < .01) and those with SGA and normal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry (p = .02); (4) there was no significant difference in the median plasma sST2 concentration between patients with SGA who had normal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry and controls (p = .4); (5) among patients with SGA, those with abnormal and those with normal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry had higher median plasma sST2 concentrations than controls (p = .001 and p = .02, respectively); and (6) there was no significant difference in the median plasma sST2 concentrations between patients with SGA who did and those who did not have abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (p = .06). CONCLUSIONS Preeclampsia and disorders of fetal growth are conditions characterized by intravascular inflammation, as reflected by maternal plasma concentrations of sST2. The severity of intravascular inflammation is highest in patients with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Kanninen
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ramiro Diaz-Primera
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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4
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Rimboeck J, Gruber M, Weigl M, Huber P, Lunz D, Petermichl W. Obesity Correlates with Chronic Inflammation of the Innate Immune System in Preeclampsia and HELLP Syndrome during Pregnancy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2851. [PMID: 37893224 PMCID: PMC10604126 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HELLP syndrome is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and a low platelet count and poses an increased risk to the pregnant woman and the unborn child. Individual risk factors such as obesity may alter immunocompetence and influence the course of preeclampsia (PE) or HELLP syndrome. Blood samples were collected from 21 pregnant women (7 healthy, 6 with PE, and 8 with HELLP syndrome) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were subsequently isolated. Production of radical oxygen species (ROS), cell movement, and NETosis were assessed by live-cell imaging. Surface protein expression and oxidative burst were analyzed by flow cytometry. PE and HELLP patients had significantly higher BMI compared to the healthy control group. Depending on the expression of CD11b, CD62L, and CD66b on PMNs, a surface protein activation sum scale (SPASS) was calculated. PMNs from patients with high SPASS values showed prolonged and more targeted migration with delayed ROS production and NETosis. Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory state, which in combination with immunological triggers during pregnancy could modulate PMN functions. Pregnant women with higher BMI tend to have higher SPASS values, indicating activation of the innate immune system that could co-trigger PE or HELLP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rimboeck
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gruber
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Weigl
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pia Huber
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Lunz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Walter Petermichl
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Marić I, Contrepois K, Moufarrej MN, Stelzer IA, Feyaerts D, Han X, Tang A, Stanley N, Wong RJ, Traber GM, Ellenberger M, Chang AL, Fallahzadeh R, Nassar H, Becker M, Xenochristou M, Espinosa C, De Francesco D, Ghaemi MS, Costello EK, Culos A, Ling XB, Sylvester KG, Darmstadt GL, Winn VD, Shaw GM, Relman DA, Quake SR, Angst MS, Snyder MP, Stevenson DK, Gaudilliere B, Aghaeepour N. Early prediction and longitudinal modeling of preeclampsia from multiomics. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 3:100655. [PMID: 36569558 PMCID: PMC9768681 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a complex disease of pregnancy whose physiopathology remains unclear. We developed machine-learning models for early prediction of preeclampsia (first 16 weeks of pregnancy) and over gestation by analyzing six omics datasets from a longitudinal cohort of pregnant women. For early pregnancy, a prediction model using nine urine metabolites had the highest accuracy and was validated on an independent cohort (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.76, 0.99] cross-validated; AUC = 0.83, 95% CI [0.62,1] validated). Univariate analysis demonstrated statistical significance of identified metabolites. An integrated multiomics model further improved accuracy (AUC = 0.94). Several biological pathways were identified including tryptophan, caffeine, and arachidonic acid metabolisms. Integration with immune cytometry data suggested novel associations between immune and proteomic dynamics. While further validation in a larger population is necessary, these encouraging results can serve as a basis for a simple, early diagnostic test for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Marić
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mira N. Moufarrej
- Departments of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ina A. Stelzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Andy Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalie Stanley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ronald J. Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gavin M. Traber
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mathew Ellenberger
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan L. Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ramin Fallahzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huda Nassar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Becker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Xenochristou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Camilo Espinosa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Davide De Francesco
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad S. Ghaemi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth K. Costello
- Departments of Medicine, and of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anthony Culos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuefeng B. Ling
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl G. Sylvester
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gary L. Darmstadt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Virginia D. Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A. Relman
- Departments of Medicine, and of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Departments of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin S. Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David K. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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6
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First trimester serum biomarker discovery study for early onset, preterm onset and preeclampsia at term. Placenta 2022; 128:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Chen H, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Lin X, Wei Y, Sun R, Li L, Deng G. Maternal leucocyte trajectory across pregnancy associated with offspring's growth. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:862-870. [PMID: 34750526 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucocytes for individuals during pregnancy may form into different trajectory patterns. Since no studies have been conducted, we aim to examine the associations between leucocyte trajectory across pregnancy and offspring's birth outcomes and growth during the first 2 years. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study enrolled 1070 singleton pregnancies aged 21-46 years old between 2014 and 2018 in Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, China. Leucocyte trajectories were modelled using growth mixture modelling and four trajectories were identified: moderate-increasing (n = 41), low-stable (n = 828), high-decreasing (n = 145) and low-increasing (n = 56). RESULTS Relative to the low-stable group, logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates indicated that the odds ratios of preterm were 3.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-6.23) for moderate-increasing, 0.78 (95% CI: 0.38-1.47) for high-decreasing and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.23-1.61) for the low-increasing group, respectively. By using generalized estimating equation analysis, we observed that infants in the moderate-increasing and low-increasing group had -0.35 and -0.21 (P < 0.01) lower head circumference z-score compared with the low-stable group, respectively. No significant association of leucocyte trajectory with other birth weight measures or anthropometric measure z-scores was found. CONCLUSIONS Changes in leucocytes across pregnancy affected the occurrence of preterm and offspring's head circumference during the first 2 years of life. IMPACT Previous researches on the association of leucocytes with pregnancy outcomes mainly focused on leucocytes in a specific trimester. No studies until now have been conducted to assess the influences of the leucocyte trajectories on the growth and development of infants. Changes in leucocytes across pregnancy affected the occurrence of preterm and offspring's head circumference during the first 2 years of life. Our study will positively contribute to the dialogue regarding the treatment of pregnancies with different levels of inflammation in each trimester to minimize adverse pregnancy outcomes and optimize brain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengying Chen
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhuan Wei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
| | - Guifang Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Miller D, Motomura K, Galaz J, Gershater M, Lee ED, Romero R, Gomez-Lopez N. Cellular immune responses in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:237-260. [PMID: 33847419 PMCID: PMC8511357 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru1120-787rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, defined as new-onset hypertension accompanied by proteinuria occurring at 20 weeks of gestation or later, is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathophysiology of this major multi-systemic syndrome includes defective deep placentation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, the presence of an anti-angiogenic state, and intravascular inflammation, among others. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the cellular immune responses involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Specifically, we summarize the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in the maternal circulation, reproductive tissues, and at the maternal-fetal interface of women affected by this pregnancy complication. The major cellular subsets involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia are regulatory T cells, effector T cells, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. We also summarize the literature on those immune cells that have been less characterized in this clinical condition, such as γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and B cells. Moreover, we discuss in vivo studies utilizing a variety of animal models of preeclampsia to further support the role of immune cells in this disease. Finally, we highlight the existing gaps in knowledge of the immunobiology of preeclampsia that require further investigation. The goal of this review is to promote translational research leading to clinically relevant strategies that can improve adverse perinatal outcomes resulting from the obstetrical syndrome of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS); Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenichiro Motomura
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS); Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS); Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Meyer Gershater
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS); Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eun D. Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS); Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS); Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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9
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Bert S, Ward EJ, Nadkarni S. Neutrophils in pregnancy: New insights into innate and adaptive immune regulation. Immunology 2021; 164:665-676. [PMID: 34287859 PMCID: PMC8561097 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunology of pregnancy has been the focus of many studies to better understand how the mother is able to tolerate the presence of a semi-allogeneic fetus. Far from the initial view of pregnancy as a state of immunosuppression, successful fetal development from implantation to birth is now known to be under the control of an intricate balance of immune cells. The balance between pro-inflammatory functions used to promote embryo implantation and placental development and immunosuppressive activity to maintain maternal tolerance of the fetus is an immunological phenotype unique to pregnancy, which is dependent on the time of gestation. Neutrophils are one of a host of innate immune cells detected at the maternal-fetal interface, but very little is known of their function. In this review, we explore the emerging functions of neutrophils during pregnancy and their interactions with and regulation of T cells, a key adaptive immune cell population essential for the establishment of fetal-maternal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bert
- William Harvey Research InstituteBarts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary UniversityLondonUK
| | - Eleanor J. Ward
- William Harvey Research InstituteBarts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary UniversityLondonUK
| | - Suchita Nadkarni
- William Harvey Research InstituteBarts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary UniversityLondonUK
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10
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Rakner JJ, Silva GB, Mundal SB, Thaning AJ, Elschot M, Ostrop J, Thomsen LCV, Bjørge L, Gierman LM, Iversen AC. Decidual and placental NOD1 is associated with inflammation in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Placenta 2021; 105:23-31. [PMID: 33529885 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a normal physiological process that increases to harmful levels in preeclampsia. It affects the interaction between maternal immune cells and fetal trophoblasts at both sites of the maternal-fetal interface; decidua and placenta. The pattern recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)1 is expressed at both sites. This study aimed to characterize the cellular expression and functionality of NOD1 at the maternal-fetal interface of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. METHODS Women with normal or preeclamptic pregnancies delivered by caesarean section were included. Decidual (n = 90) and placental (n = 91) samples were analyzed for NOD1 expression by immunohistochemistry and an automated image-based quantification method. Decidual and placental explants were incubated with or without the NOD1-agonist iE-DAP and cytokine responses measured by ELISA. RESULTS NOD1 was markedly expressed by maternal cells in the decidua and by fetal trophoblasts in both decidua and placenta, with trophoblasts showing the highest NOD1 expression. Preeclampsia with normal fetal growth was associated with a trophoblast-dependent increase in decidual NOD1 expression density. Compared to normal pregnancies, preeclampsia demonstrated stronger correlation between decidual and placental NOD1 expression levels. Increased production of interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-8 after in vitro explant stimulation confirmed NOD1 functionality. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that NOD1 contributes to inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface in normal pregnancies and preeclampsia and indicate a role in direct maternal-fetal communication. The strong expression of NOD1 by all trophoblast types highlights the importance of combined assessment of decidua and placenta for overall understanding of pathophysiological processes at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Johnsen Rakner
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gabriela Brettas Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Boon Mundal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Josefin Thaning
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lobke Marijn Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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11
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Stødle GS, Silva GB, Tangerås LH, Gierman LM, Nervik I, Dahlberg UE, Sun C, Aune MH, Thomsen LCV, Bjørge L, Iversen AC. Placental inflammation in pre-eclampsia by Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome activation in trophoblasts. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:84-94. [PMID: 29683202 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased levels of cholesterol and uric acid and an inflamed placenta expressing danger-sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Crystalline cholesterol and uric acid activate the PRR Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome to release interleukin (IL)-1β and result in vigorous inflammation. We aimed to characterize crystal-induced NLRP3 activation in placental inflammation and examine its role in pre-eclampsia. We confirmed that serum total cholesterol and uric acid were elevated in pre-eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies and correlated positively to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and the pre-eclampsia marker soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1). The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway components (NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β) and priming factors [complement component 5a (C5a) and terminal complement complex (TCC)] were co-expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast layer which covers the placental surface and interacts with maternal blood. The expression of IL-1β and TCC was increased significantly and C5a-positive regions in the syncytiotrophoblast layer appeared more frequent in pre-eclamptic compared to normal pregnancies. In-vitro activation of placental explants and trophoblasts confirmed NLRP3 inflammasome pathway functionality by complement-primed crystal-induced release of IL-1β. This study confirms crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation located at the syncytiotrophoblast layer as a mechanism of placental inflammation and suggests contribution of enhanced NLRP3 activation to the harmful placental inflammation in pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Stødle
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - G B Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L H Tangerås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L M Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - I Nervik
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - U E Dahlberg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - C Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M H Aune
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - L C V Thomsen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A-C Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Docheva N, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Tarca AL, Bhatti G, Pacora P, Panaitescu B, Chaiyasit N, Chaiworapongsa T, Maymon E, Hassan SS, Erez O. The profiles of soluble adhesion molecules in the "great obstetrical syndromes" . J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2113-2136. [PMID: 29320948 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1427058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the profiles of maternal plasma soluble adhesion molecules in patients with preeclampsia, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses, acute pyelonephritis, preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL), preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (preterm PROM), and fetal death. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine maternal plasma concentrations of sE-selectin, sL-selectin, and sP-selectin as well as sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sPECAM-1 in patients with (1) an uncomplicated pregnancy (control, n = 100); (2) preeclampsia (n = 94); (3) SGA fetuses (in women without preeclampsia/hypertension, n = 45); (4) acute pyelonephritis (n = 25); (5) PTL (n = 53); (6) preterm PROM (n = 24); and (7) fetal death (n = 34). Concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8) were determined with sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS In comparison to women with a normal pregnancy, (1) women with preeclampsia had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1, and a lower concentration of sL-selectin (all p values < .001); (2) patients with SGA fetuses had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .05); (3) patients with a fetal death had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin and sP-selectin (all p values < .05); (4) patients with acute pyelonephritis had higher median plasma concentrations of sE-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .001); (5) patients with preeclampsia and acute pyelonephritis, plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, and sP-selectin correlated with those of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-8 (all p values < .05); (6) patients with PTL had a higher median concentration of sP-selectin and a lower median concentration of VCAM-1 (all p values < .05); and (7) women with preterm PROM had lower median concentrations of sL-selectin and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that endothelial cell activation/dysfunction reflected by the plasma concentration of sE-selectin is not specific to preeclampsia but is present in pregnancies complicated by SGA fetuses, acute pyelonephritis, and fetal death. Collectively, we report that each obstetrical syndrome appears to have a stereotypical profile of soluble adhesion molecules in the peripheral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Docheva
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.,e Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Eli Maymon
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,g Department of Physiology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Offer Erez
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel
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13
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Labarrere CA, DiCarlo HL, Bammerlin E, Hardin JW, Kim YM, Chaemsaithong P, Haas DM, Kassab GS, Romero R. Failure of physiologic transformation of spiral arteries, endothelial and trophoblast cell activation, and acute atherosis in the basal plate of the placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 216:287.e1-287.e16. [PMID: 28034657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure of physiologic transformation of spiral arteries has been reported in preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, fetal death, and spontaneous preterm labor with intact or ruptured membranes. Spiral arteries with failure of physiologic transformation are prone to develop atherosclerotic-like lesions of atherosis. There are striking parallels between preeclampsia and atherosclerotic disease, and between lesions of atherosis and atherosclerosis. Endothelial activation, identified by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, is present in atherosclerotic-like lesions of heart transplantation, and is considered a manifestation of rejection. Similarly, endothelial activation/dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and preeclampsia. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1-overexpressing-activated endothelial cells are more resistant to trophoblast displacement than nonactivated endothelium, and may contribute to shallow spiral artery trophoblastic invasion in obstetrical syndromes having failure of physiologic transformation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether failure of spiral artery physiologic transformation was associated with activation of interstitial extravillous trophoblasts and/or spiral artery endothelium and presence of acute atherosis in the placental basal plate. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study of 123 placentas (19-42 weeks' gestation) obtained from normal pregnancies (n = 22), preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (n = 26), preterm labor (n = 23), preeclampsia (n = 27), intrauterine fetal death (n = 15), and small for gestational age (n = 10) was performed. Failure of spiral artery physiologic transformation and presence of cell activation was determined using immunohistochemistry of placental basal plates containing a median of 4 (minimum: 1; maximum: 9) vessels per placenta. Endothelial/trophoblast cell activation was defined by the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Investigators examining microscopic sections were blinded to clinical diagnosis. Pairwise comparisons among placenta groups were performed with Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test using a Bonferroni-adjusted level of significance (.025). RESULTS We found that 87% (94/108) of placentas having spiral arteries with failure of physiologic transformation (actin-positive and cytokeratin-negative) in the basal plate, and 0% (0/15) of placentas having only spiral arteries with complete physiologic transformation (cytokeratin-positive and actin-negative), had arterial endothelial and/or interstitial extravillous trophoblasts reactive with the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 activation marker (P < .001). A significant correlation (R2 = 0.84) was found between expression of spiral artery endothelial and interstitial extravillous trophoblast intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (P < .001) in activated placentas. Lesions of atherosis were found in 31.9% (30/94) of placentas with complete and/or partial failure of physiologic transformation of spiral arteries that were intercellular adhesion molecule-1-positive, in none of the 14 placentas with failure of physiologic transformation that were intercellular adhesion molecule-1-negative, and in none of the 15 placentas with complete spiral artery physiologic transformation without failure (P = .001). All placentas (30/30, 100%) with atherosis were identified in placentas having concomitant spiral artery endothelial and interstitial extravillous trophoblast activation. CONCLUSION Failure of spiral artery physiologic transformation in the placental basal plate is associated with interstitial extravillous trophoblast and arterial endothelial activation along with increased frequency of spiral artery atherosis. These findings may be used to improve the characterization of different disorders of the placental bed such as in refining the existing tools for the early prediction of risk for preterm, preeclamptic, and other abnormal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Labarrere
- CBL Partners for Life, Indianapolis, IN; California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA.
| | | | - Elaine Bammerlin
- Indiana University Health Methodist Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN
| | - James W Hardin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Yeon M Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Roberto Romero
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Detroit, MI; Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Tarca AL, Korzeniewski SJ, Maymon E, Pacora P, Panaitescu B, Chaiyasit N, Dong Z, Erez O, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T. Maternal plasma-soluble ST2 concentrations are elevated prior to the development of early and late onset preeclampsia - a longitudinal study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:418-432. [PMID: 28114842 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1286319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the longitudinal profile of plasma soluble ST2 (sST2) concentrations in patients with preeclampsia and those with uncomplicated pregnancies; (2) whether the changes in sST2 occur prior to the diagnosis of preeclampsia; and (3) the longitudinal sST2 profile of women with early or late preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This longitudinal nested case-control study included singleton pregnancies in the following groups: (1) uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 160); and (2) those complicated by early (<34 weeks, n = 9) and late (≥34 weeks, n = 31) preeclampsia. sST2 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mixed-effects models were used for the longitudinal analysis. RESULTS (1) Plasma sST2 concentration profiles across gestation differed significantly among cases and controls (p < 0.0001); (2) women with early preeclampsia had higher mean sST2 concentrations than controls at >22 weeks of gestation; cases with late preeclampsia had higher mean concentrations at >33 weeks of gestation (both p < 0.05); and (3) these changes started approximately 6 weeks prior to clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Maternal plasma sST2 concentrations are elevated 6 weeks prior to the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia. An increase in the maternal plasma concentration of sST2 may contribute to an exaggerated intravascular inflammatory response and/or the Th1/Th2 imbalance in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.,d Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Steven J Korzeniewski
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Eli Maymon
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Zhong Dong
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Offer Erez
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
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15
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Kim JY, Kim YM. Acute Atherosis of the Uterine Spiral Arteries: Clinicopathologic Implications. J Pathol Transl Med 2015; 49:462-71. [PMID: 26530045 PMCID: PMC4696535 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.10.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute atherosis is unique vascular changes of the placenta associated with poor placentation. It is characterized by subendothelial lipid-filled foam cells, fibrinoid necrosis of the arterial wall, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, and it is histologically similar to early-stage atherosclerosis. Acute atherosis is rare in normal pregnancies, but is frequently observed in non- transformed spiral arteries in abnormal pregnancies, such as preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), fetal death, spontaneous preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes. In preeclampsia, spiral arteries fail to develop physiologic transformation and retain thick walls and a narrow lumen. Failure of physiologic transformation of spiral arteries is believed to be the main cause of uteroplacental ischemia, which can lead to the production of anti-angiogenic factors and induce endothelial dysfunction and eventually predispose the pregnancy to preeclampsia. Acute atherosis is more frequently observed in the spiral arteries of the decidua of the placenta (parietalis or basalis) than in the decidual or myometrial segments of the placental bed. The presence and deeper location of acute atherosis is associated with poorer pregnancy outcomes, more severe disease, earlier onset of preeclampsia, and a greater frequency of SGA neonates in patients with preeclampsia. Moreover, the idea that the presence of acute atherosis in the placenta may increase the risk of future cardiovascular disease in women with a history of preeclampsia is of growing concern. Therefore, placental examination is crucial for retrospective investigation of pregnancy complications and outcomes, and accurate placental pathology based on universal diagnostic criteria in patients with abnormal pregnancies is essential for clinicopathologic correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Kungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Chua CLL, Robinson LJ, Baiwog F, Stanisic DI, Hamilton JA, Brown GV, Rogerson SJ, Boeuf P. High numbers of circulating pigmented polymorphonuclear neutrophils as a prognostic marker for decreased birth weight during malaria in pregnancy. Int J Parasitol 2014; 45:107-11. [PMID: 25555554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During gestational malaria, Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes can sequester within the placenta, contributing to poor pregnancy outcomes, especially low birth weight. In children and non-pregnant adults, pigmented leukocytes may serve as markers of sequestered parasite burden and predict clinical outcomes. Here, we investigated circulating pigmented leukocyte numbers as predictors of clinical outcomes in pregnant women presenting with malaria at enrolment. The number of circulating pigmented neutrophils at enrolment negatively correlated with birth weight (Rho=-25, P=.04), suggesting these cells may have a pathogenic role in, and could serve as prognostic markers for, malaria-associated low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lin Lin Chua
- Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leanne J Robinson
- Vector Borne Disease Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Papua New Guinea; Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesca Baiwog
- Vector Borne Disease Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Papua New Guinea
| | - Danielle I Stanisic
- Vector Borne Disease Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Papua New Guinea; Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham V Brown
- Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia; The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Doherty Institute, Australia
| | - Philippe Boeuf
- Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Doherty Institute, Australia.
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17
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Kim YM, Chaemsaithong P, Romero R, Shaman M, Kim CJ, Kim JS, Qureshi F, Jacques SM, Ahmed AI, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS, Yeo L, Korzeniewski SJ. The frequency of acute atherosis in normal pregnancy and preterm labor, preeclampsia, small-for-gestational age, fetal death and midtrimester spontaneous abortion. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:2001-9. [PMID: 25308204 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.976198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute atherosis is characterized by subendothelial lipid-filled foam cells, fibrinoid necrosis and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. This lesion is generally confined to non-transformed spiral arteries and is frequently observed in patients with preeclampsia. However, the frequency of acute atherosis in the great obstetrical syndromes is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and topographic distribution of acute atherosis in placentas and placental bed biopsy samples obtained from women with normal pregnancy and those affected by the "great obstetrical syndromes". We also examined the relationship between acute atherosis and pregnancy outcome in patients with preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of pregnant women who delivered between July 1998 and July 2014 at Hutzel Women's Hospital/Detroit Medical Center was conducted to examine 16, 345 placentas. Patients were classified into the following groups: (1) uncomplicated pregnancy; (2) spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL) and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM); (3) preeclampsia; (4) gestational hypertension; (5) small-for-gestational age (SGA); (6) chronic hypertension; (5) fetal death; (6) spontaneous abortion and (7) others. A subset of patients had placental bed biopsy. The incidence of acute atherosis was compared among the different groups. RESULTS (1) The prevalence of acute atherosis in uncomplicated pregnancies was 0.4% (29/6961) based upon examination of nearly 7000 placentas; (2) the frequency of acute atherosis was 10.2% (181/1779) in preeclampsia, 9% (26/292) in fetal death, 2.5% (3/120) in midtrimester spontaneous abortion, 1.7% (22/1,298) in SGA neonates and 1.2% (23/1,841) in sPTL and PPROM; (3) among patients with preeclampsia, those with acute atherosis than in those without the lesion had significantly more severe disease, earlier onset, and a greater frequency of SGA neonates (p < 0.05 all) and (4) the lesion was more frequently observed in the decidua (parietalis or basalis) than in the decidual segment of the spiral arteries in patients with placental bed biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Acute atherosis is rare in normal pregnancy, and occurs more frequently in patients with pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, sPTL, preterm PROM, midtrimester spontaneous abortion, fetal death and SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Mee Kim
- a Department of Pathology , Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine , Busan , Korea
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA .,e Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Majid Shaman
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,f Department of Pathology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,g Department of Pathology , Samsung Medical Center, University of Sungkyunkwan School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Faisal Qureshi
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,h Department of Pathology , Harper University Hospital , Detroit , MI , USA , and.,i Department of Pathology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Suzanne M Jacques
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,h Department of Pathology , Harper University Hospital , Detroit , MI , USA , and.,i Department of Pathology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Ahmed I Ahmed
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Steven J Korzeniewski
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA .,e Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
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Chaiworapongsa T, Chaemsaithong P, Yeo L, Romero R. Pre-eclampsia part 1: current understanding of its pathophysiology. Nat Rev Nephrol 2014; 10:466-80. [PMID: 25003615 PMCID: PMC5893150 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2014.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria at ≥20 weeks of gestation. In the absence of proteinuria, hypertension together with evidence of systemic disease (such as thrombocytopenia or elevated levels of liver transaminases) is required for diagnosis. This multisystemic disorder targets several organs, including the kidneys, liver and brain, and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Glomeruloendotheliosis is considered to be a characteristic lesion of pre-eclampsia, but can also occur in healthy pregnant women. The placenta has an essential role in development of this disorder. Pathogenetic mechanisms implicated in pre-eclampsia include defective deep placentation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, autoantibodies to type-1 angiotensin II receptor, platelet and thrombin activation, intravascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and the presence of an antiangiogenic state, among which an imbalance of angiogenesis has emerged as one of the most important factors. However, this imbalance is not specific to pre-eclampsia, as it also occurs in intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death, spontaneous preterm labour and maternal floor infarction (massive perivillous fibrin deposition). The severity and timing of the angiogenic imbalance, together with maternal susceptibility, might determine the clinical presentation of pre-eclampsia. This Review discusses the diagnosis, classification, clinical manifestations and putative pathogenetic mechanisms of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Chaemsaithong P, Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, Stampalija T, Than NG, Dong Z, Miranda J, Yeo L, Hassan SS. Maternal plasma soluble TRAIL is decreased in preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 27:217-27. [PMID: 23688319 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.806906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by systemic intravascular inflammation. Women who develop PE are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in later life. Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has anti-atherosclerotic effects in endothelial cells and can mediate neutrophil apoptosis. Low soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and high C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease in non-pregnant individuals. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal plasma concentrations of sTRAIL and CRP differ between women with PE and those with uncomplicated pregnancies. METHOD This cross-sectional study included women with an uncomplicated pregnancy (n = 93) and those with PE (n = 52). Maternal plasma concentrations of sTRAIL and CRP concentrations were determined by ELISA. RESULTS 1) The median plasma sTRAIL concentration (pg/mL) was significantly lower and the median plasma CRP concentration was significantly higher in women with PE than in those with an uncomplicated pregnancy (25.55 versus 29.17; p = 0.03 and 8.0 versus 4.1; p = 0.001, respectively); 2) the median plasma concentration sTRAIL/CRP ratio was two-fold lower in women with PE than in those with an uncomplicated pregnancy (p < 0.001); and 3) women with plasma sTRAIL and CRP ratio in the lowest quartile were 8 times more likely to have PE than women with concentrations in the upper three quartiles (OR 8.9; 95% CI: 2.8-27.8). CONCLUSION Maternal plasma sTRAIL concentrations are lower (while those of CRP are higher) in women with PE than in those with uncomplicated pregnancies. These findings are consistent with the evidence of intravascular inflammation in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI , USA
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Chaemsaithong P, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, Schwartz AG, Stampalija T, Dong Z, Yeo L, Hernandez-Andrade E, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T. Soluble TRAIL in normal pregnancy and acute pyelonephritis: a potential explanation for the susceptibility of pregnant women to microbial products and infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26:1568-75. [PMID: 23480056 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.783811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy is characterized by activation of the innate immune response demonstrated by phenotypic and metabolic changes in granulocytes and monocytes. This state of activation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiorgan dysfunction of pregnant women with acute viral or bacterial infection. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is one of the mediators responsible for neutrophil apoptosis. Gene deletion of TRAIL results in delayed neutrophil apoptosis and resolution of inflammation after the administration of bacterial endotoxin. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal plasma concentrations of the soluble form of TRAIL (sTRAIL) differ in women with uncomplicated pregnancy and those with acute pyelonephritis. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted to include women in the following groups: (1) non-pregnant (n = 23); (2) uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 93) and (3) pregnancies with acute pyelonephritis (n = 23). Plasma concentrations of sTRAIL were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS (1) Women with uncomplicated pregnancies had a lower mean plasma sTRAIL concentration (pg/mL) than non-pregnant women (31.5 ± 10.1 versus 53.3 ± 12.5; p < 0.001); (2) plasma sTRAIL concentrations did not change as a function of gestational age (Pearson correlation = -0.1; p = 0.4); (3) the mean plasma sTRAIL concentration (pg/mL) was significantly lower in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis than in those with uncomplicated pregnancies (20.5 ± 6.6 versus 31.5 ± 10.1; p < 0.001) and (4) among patients with acute pyelonephritis, patients with bacteremia had a significantly lower mean plasma concentration of sTRAIL (pg/mL) than those without bacteremia (15.1 ± 4.8 versus 24.7 ± 4.6; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Women with uncomplicated pregnancies are associated with a significantly lower mean maternal plasma concentration of sTRAIL than that observed in non-pregnant women. Moreover, a further decrease in plasma sTRAIL concentration was observed in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis, and this could account, at least in part, for the exaggerated intravascular inflammatory response previously reported in pyelonephritis during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, MI , USA
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Harita N, Kariya M, Hayashi T, Sato KK, Nakamura K, Endo G, Narimoto K. Increment of absolute neutrophil count in the third trimester and increased risk of small-for-gestational-age birth: Hirakata Risk Associated with Pregnancy Assessment Research (HIRAPAR). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 164:30-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Andraweera PH, Dekker GA, Roberts CT. The vascular endothelial growth factor family in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18:436-57. [PMID: 22495259 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational-age infants, preterm birth and recurrent miscarriage complicate a significant number of pregnancies. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of angiogenic growth factors is implicated in the pathophysiology of these complications. We aimed to elucidate the role of these angiogenic factors in placentation and to evaluate the predictive value of their protein concentrations and genetic variations in pregnancy complications. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed, and retrieved original articles. The search included a combination of terms such as VEGF-A, placental growth factor (PlGF), kinase insert domain receptor, fms-like-tyrosine-kinase receptor 1, soluble fms-like-tyrosine-kinase receptor 1, pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational-age infants, preterm birth, recurrent miscarriage, placenta, prediction and polymorphisms. RESULTS This review summarizes the current knowledge of the roles of the VEGF family in early placentation and of the abnormalities in maternal plasma and placental expression of angiogenic proteins in adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with normal pregnancy. PlGF and sFLT-1 in combination with other clinical and biochemical markers in late first or second trimester appear to predict early-onset pre-eclampsia with a high sensitivity and specificity. However, VEGF family proteins do not have sufficient power to accurately predict late-onset pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational age pregnancies or preterm birth. Functional polymorphisms in these angiogenic genes are implicated in pregnancy complications, but their contribution appears to be minor. CONCLUSIONS Although the VEGF family has important roles in normal and complicated pregnancy, the current predictive value of the VEGF family as biomarkers appears to be limited to early-onset pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Andraweera
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Hung TH, Chen SF, Lo LM, Li MJ, Yeh YL, Hsieh TT. Myeloperoxidase in the plasma and placenta of normal pregnant women and women with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Placenta 2012; 33:294-303. [PMID: 22264587 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme protein produced and released by activated neutrophils and monocytes, and increased MPO is considered important in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Accumulating evidence suggests that preeclampsia (PE), idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and CVD share many similar metabolic disturbances, including an enhanced systemic inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that MPO plays an important role in the development of PE and IUGR. Plasma samples were collected mid-gestation and at delivery from women with normal pregnancies (n = 40) and those who subsequently developed PE (n = 20), IUGR (n = 11) or both (PE + IUGR, n = 8). Placental samples were obtained immediately after delivery from 22 women with normal pregnancies, 19 women with PE, 14 women with IUGR, and 14 women with PE + IUGR. The MPO concentrations were measured using ELISA. Women with PE + IUGR had significantly higher plasma MPO before delivery than normal pregnant women. There was no difference in plasma levels at mid-gestation or the placental concentrations between women with normal pregnancies and those who developed PE, IUGR, or PE + IUGR. Using explants prepared from the placentas of 8 women with normal pregnancies and 8 women with PE, we found no difference in the levels of MPO in the tissue homogenates and culture media between these two groups of women. Together, these results indicate that increased maternal circulating MPO in women with PE + IUGR is likely a result of enhanced systemic inflammation caused by the established disease rather than a primary pathophysiological factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-H Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei, 199 Dun-hua North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
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Nitsche JF, Jiang SW, Brost BC. Maternal Neutrophil Toll-like Receptor mRNA Expression is Down-Regulated in Preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:242-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Reslan OM, Khalil RA. Molecular and vascular targets in the pathogenesis and management of the hypertension associated with preeclampsia. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2011; 8:204-26. [PMID: 20923405 DOI: 10.2174/187152510792481234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is associated with significant hemodynamic changes and vasodilation of the uterine and systemic circulation in order to meet the metabolic demands of the mother and developing fetus. Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the foremost complications of pregnancy and a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms of PE have been elusive, but some parts of the puzzle have begun to unravel. Genetic factors such as leptin gene polymorphism, environmental and dietary factors such as Ca(2+) and vitamin D deficiency, and co-morbidities such as obesity and diabetes may increase the susceptibility of pregnant women to develop PE. An altered maternal immune response may also play a role in the development of PE. Although the pathophysiology of PE is unclear, most studies have implicated inadequate invasion of cytotrophoblasts into the uterine artery, leading to reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure (RUPP) and placental ischemia/hypoxia. Placental ischemia induces the release of biologically active factors such as growth factor inhibitors, anti-angiogenic factors, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, hypoxia-inducible factors, and antibodies to vascular angiotensin II (AngII) receptor. These bioactive factors could cause vascular endotheliosis and consequent increase in vascular resistance and blood pressure, as well as glomerular endotheliosis with consequent proteinuria. The PE-associated vascular endotheliosis could be manifested as decreased vasodilator mediators such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and hyperpolarizing factor and increased vasoconstrictor mediators such as endothelin-1, AngII and thromboxane A₂. PE could also involve enhanced mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction including intracellular Ca(2+), and Ca(2+) sensitization pathways such as protein kinase C and Rho-kinase. PE-associated changes in the extracellular matrix composition and matrix metalloproteinases activity also promote vascular remodeling and further vasoconstriction in the uterine and systemic circulation. Some of these biologically active factors and vascular mediators have been proposed as biomarkers for early prediction or diagnosis of PE, and as potential targets for prevention or treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama M Reslan
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Turunen R, Andersson S, Laivuori H, Kajantie E, Siitonen S, Repo H, Nupponen I. Increased postnatal inflammation in mechanically ventilated preterm infants born to mothers with early-onset preeclampsia. Neonatology 2011; 100:241-7. [PMID: 21701213 DOI: 10.1159/000325159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia and preterm labor often underlie preterm birth, and are associated with maternal inflammation. In preterm infants, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and mechanical ventilation are associated with systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study whether early-onset preeclampsia or preterm labor modulate the systemic inflammation affecting preterm infants with RDS. METHODS We recruited mechanically ventilated infants with gestational ages <32 weeks; 11 infants were born after early-onset preeclampsia and 25 after preterm labor. Blood was drawn during postnatal days 1-7, and the mean values of days 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 were used. Phagocyte CD11b expression was analyzed with flow cytometry, and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations with immunoturbidimetry. RESULTS As compared with infants born after preterm labor, infants born after early-onset preeclampsia had higher CD11b expression on days 1-6 on both neutrophils and monocytes. In addition, infants born after early-onset preeclampsia had higher CRP concentrations on days 2-6 (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As compared with infants born after preterm labor to mothers without preeclampsia, infants born after early-onset preeclampsia presented with a stronger postnatal systemic inflammatory reaction. Antenatal exposure to preeclampsia may induce fetal leukocyte priming and regulation of inflammation, and thereby modify postnatal inflammatory reactions and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Turunen
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Liosi S, Briana DD, Gourgiotis D, Boutsikou M, Baka S, Marmarinos A, Hassiakos D, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Calprotectin in human cord blood: relation to perinatal parameters and restricted fetal growth. J Perinat Med 2010; 38:523-6. [PMID: 20629495 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2010.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine cord blood levels of calprotectin, a protein that is increased in inflammatory states and released by activated neutrophils has apoptosis-inducing activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cord-blood calprotectin concentrations were determined in intrauterine-growth-restricted (IUGR, usually associated with increased neutrophil activation and apoptosis, n=50) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA, n=110) single full-term pregnancies, and were correlated with perinatal demographic parameters. RESULTS No significant differences exists between the IUGR and AGA groups, implying that calprotectin at birth does not reflect increased neutrophil activation and apoptosis expected in IUGR. However, in IUGRs, calprotectin concentrations increased with every gestational week [b=45.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 13.5-77.1, P=0.006], suggesting concomitant up-regulation of neutrophil activation and apoptosis. A combined group showed significantly decreased calprotectin concentrations in cesarean sections [b=-74.5, 95% CI: -115.2-(-33.9), P<0.001], pointing to excessive inflammatory response in vaginal deliveries. Finally, birth weight, customized centile, gender, maternal age and parity do not impact on cord blood calprotectin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood calprotectin concentrations at term are independent of intrauterine growth, gender, parity and maternal age and probably do not reflect the increased neutrophil activation and excessive apoptosis expected in IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Liosi
- Division of Neonatal, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Valério EG, Müller ALL, Martins-Costa SH, Lopes Ramos JG, Rodini G. Are insulin resistance index, IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome components correlates with severe preeclampsia? Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 30:302-10. [PMID: 20701471 DOI: 10.3109/10641950903214609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyse the relation between insulin resistance and severe preeclampsia (SPE). METHODS Case control study paired by body mass index and gestational age; including 16 patients with severe SPE and 16 normotensive controls. Insulin resistance was assessed through the HOMA-IR and QUICKI-IS indexes. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the HOMA-IR and QUICKI-IS indexes and HDL cholesterol. Triglyceride levels were higher and the IGF-1 was lower in the SPE group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS There were no differences in the insulin resitance indexes between the group with SPE and normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edimárlei Gonsales Valério
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Mazaki-Tovi S, Romero R, Kim SK, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Erez O, Chaiworapongsa T, Gotsch F, Mittal P, Nhan-Chang CL, Than NG, Gomez R, Nien JK, Edwin SS, Pacora P, Yeo L, Hassan SS. Could alterations in maternal plasma visfatin concentration participate in the phenotype definition of preeclampsia and SGA? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23:857-68. [PMID: 19900033 PMCID: PMC3554253 DOI: 10.3109/14767050903301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with preeclampsia and those who delivered a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate share several mechanisms of disease, including chronic uteroplacental ischemia and failure of physiologic transformation of the spiral arteries. However, the clinical manifestation of these obstetrical syndromes is remarkably different. It has been proposed that an altered maternal metabolic state, as well as a unique circulating cytokines milieu, predispose women to develop either preeclampsia or SGA. Compelling evidence suggests that adipose tissue orchestrates both metabolic pathways and immunological responses via the production of adipokines. Visfatin is a novel adipocytokine with metabolic and immunomodulating properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether preeclampsia and SGA are associated with alterations in maternal circulating visfatin concentrations. METHODS This cross-sectional study included pregnant women in the following groups: (1) normal pregnancy (n = 158); (2) patients with preeclampsia (n = 43) of which 32 had an AGA and 11 had an SGA neonate; (3) patients without preeclampsia who delivered an SGA neonate (n = 55). Maternal plasma visfatin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Nonparametric tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS (1) Women who delivered an SGA neonate had a higher median maternal plasma visfatin concentration than those with a normal pregnancy (20.0 ng/ml, interquartile range: 17.2-24.6 vs. 15.2 ng/ml, 12.1-19.2, respectively; P < 0.001) and than those with preeclampsia (14.5 ng/ml, 12.5-18.7; P < 0.001); (2) the median maternal plasma visfatin concentration did not differ significantly between patients with preeclampsia and those with a normal pregnancy (P = 0.8); (3) among patients with preeclampsia, there was no significant difference in the median maternal plasma visfatin concentration between those with or without an SGA neonate (P = 0.5); (4) in a linear regression model, delivery of an SGA neonate and pregestational body mass index were independently associated with increased visfatin concentration after adjustment for confounding factors (maternal age, smoking, gestational age at blood collection and the presence of preeclampsia or SGA). CONCLUSION (1) Patients with SGA, but not those with preeclampsia, had a higher maternal plasma visfatin concentration than those with a normal pregnancy; (2) this finding suggests differential involvement of visfatin in SGA and preeclampsia; (3) we propose that changes in circulating maternal visfatin concentration may be implicated in the phenotypic definitions and distinction of preeclampsia and SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Soto E, Romero R, Richani K, Espinoza J, Chaiworapongsa T, Nien JK, Edwin SS, Kim YM, Hong JS, Goncalves LF, Yeo L, Mazor M, Hassan SS, Kusanovic JP. Preeclampsia and pregnancies with small-for-gestational age neonates have different profiles of complement split products. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23:646-57. [PMID: 19900030 PMCID: PMC3482544 DOI: 10.3109/14767050903301009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The activation of the complement system results in the generation of split products with pro-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether preeclampsia and small-for-gestational age (SGA) are associated with changes in the maternal plasma concentrations of anaphylatoxins C3a, C4a and C5a. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the following groups: (a) normal pregnant women (n = 134); (b) women who delivered an SGA neonate (n = 53); (c) preeclampsia with (n = 52) and without SGA (n = 54). Maternal plasma anaphylatoxin concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS (1) Women with preeclampsia with or without SGA had a significantly higher median plasma C5a concentration than that of normal pregnant women and those with SGA alone (all P < 0.01); (2) women with SGA alone did not have an increase in plasma C5a concentration; (3) in contrast, the median maternal plasma concentration of C4a was lower in women with preeclampsia and SGA than that of those with a normal pregnancy (P = 0.001); (4) no changes in C3a were observed among the study groups. CONCLUSION Preeclampsia is associated with increased plasma concentration of C5a, regardless of the presence or absence of an SGA fetus. In contrast, there was no difference in the plasma C3a, C4a and C5a concentration in patients with SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Soto
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Karina Richani
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jimmy Espinoza
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jyh Kae Nien
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sam S. Edwin
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joon Seok Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Luis F. Goncalves
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Moshe Mazor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIF/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Oggé G, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Gervasi MT, Pacora P, Erez O, Kusanovic JP, Vaisbuch E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Gotsch F, Mittal P, Kim YM, Hassan SS. Leukocytes of pregnant women with small-for-gestational age neonates have a different phenotypic and metabolic activity from those of women with preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23:476-87. [PMID: 19916874 PMCID: PMC3426366 DOI: 10.3109/14767050903216033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia and pregnancies complicated by small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates share several underlying mechanisms of disease. However, while an exaggerated systemic maternal inflammatory response is regarded as one of the hallmarks of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, the presence of a similar systemic intra-vascular inflammation in mothers of SGA neonates without hypertension is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine phenotypic and metabolic changes in granulocytes and monocytes of women who develop preeclampsia and those who deliver an SGA neonate, compared to normal pregnant women. METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients with a normal pregnancy (n = 33), preeclampsia (n = 33), and an SGA without preeclampsia (n = 33), matched for gestational age at blood sample collection. Granulocyte and monocyte phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies against selective cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens. The panel of antibodies included the following: CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD18, CD49d, CD62L, CD64, CD66b, and HLA-DR. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) were assessed at the basal state and after stimulation (oxidative burst). Results were reported as mean channel brightness (MCB) or intensity of detected fluorescence. Analysis was conducted with non-parametric statistics. A p-value < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS (1) Women who delivered an SGA neonate had a higher MCB of CD11b in granulocytes and monocytes than those with a normal pregnancy (p < 0.001 for both); (2) patients with preeclampsia had a lower median MCB of CD62L in granulocytes (p = 0.006) and a higher median basal iROS and oxidative burst in monocytes than women with an SGA neonate (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION Pregnancies complicated by the delivery of an SGA neonate are characterized by a higher activation of maternal peripheral leukocytes than in normal pregnancies, but lower than in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Oggé
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Cruciani L, Romero R, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Chaiworapongsa T, Mazaki-Tovi S, Mittal P, Ogge G, Gotsch F, Erez O, Kim SK, Dong Z, Pacora P, Lamont RF, Yeo L, Hassan SS, Di Renzo GC. Pentraxin 3 in amniotic fluid: a novel association with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation. J Perinat Med 2010; 38:161-71. [PMID: 19792835 PMCID: PMC2963028 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2009.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that has an important role in immunoregulation and vascular integrity. The aim of this study was to determine if PTX3 is present in amniotic fluid (AF) and whether its concentration changes with gestational age (GA), in the presence of preterm or term labor, and in cases of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI) associated with spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM). STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included the following groups: 1) mid-trimester (n=45); 2) uncomplicated pregnancies at term with (n=48) and without (n=40) spontaneous labor; 3) women with PTL and intact membranes who: a) delivered at term (n=44); b) delivered preterm without IAI (n=40); or c) delivered preterm with IAI (n=62); 4) women with preterm PROM with (n=63) and without (n=36) IAI. PTX3 concentration in AF was determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistics were used for analyses. RESULTS 1) Among women with PTL and intact membranes, the median AF PTX3 concentration was significantly higher in women with IAI than in those without IAI (7.95 ng/mL vs. 0.38 ng/mL; P<0.001) and than in those who delivered at term (0.55 ng/mL; P<0.001); 2) women with preterm PROM and IAI had a higher median AF PTX3 concentration than those without IAI (9.12 ng/mL vs. 0.76 ng/mL; P<0.001); 3) the median AF PTX3 concentration did not change with GA (mid-trimester: 0.79 ng/mL vs. term not in labor: 0.58 ng/mL; P=0.09); and 4) labor at term was not associated with a significant change of AF PTX 3 concentration (in labor: 0.54 ng/mL vs. not in labor: 0.58 ng/mL, P=0.9). CONCLUSIONS PTX3 is a physiologic constituent of the AF, and its median concentration is elevated in the presence of IAI, suggesting that PTX3 may play a role in the innate immune response against IAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cruciani
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Giovanna Ogge
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sun Kwon Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ronald F. Lamont
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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Mazaki-Tovi S, Romero R, Vaisbuch E, Erez O, Mittal P, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim SK, Pacora P, Yeo L, Gotsch F, Dong Z, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Kusanovic JP. Maternal serum adiponectin multimers in patients with a small-for-gestational-age newborn. J Perinat Med 2009; 37:623-35. [PMID: 19530958 PMCID: PMC3594513 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2009.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several mechanisms of disease have been implicated in the pathophysiology of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) including an anti-angiogenic state, and an exaggerated intravascular pro-inflammatory response. Adiponectin plays a role in a wide range of biological activities including those that have been implicated in the pathophysiology SGA. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if third trimester adiponectin concentrations differed between women with normal weight infants and those with an SGA neonate. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included women with: 1) a normal pregnancy (n=234); and 2) an SGA neonate (n=78). SGA was defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age at birth. The study population was further stratified by first trimester body mass index (BMI) (normal weight <25 kg/m(2) vs. overweight/obese > or =25 kg/m(2)). Maternal serum adiponectin multimers [total, high-molecular-weight (HMW), medium-molecular-weight (MMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW)] concentrations were determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistics were used for analyses. RESULTS 1) The median maternal serum concentrations of total, HMW and MMW adiponectin were significantly lower in patients with an SGA neonate than in those with normal pregnancies; 2) patients with an SGA neonate had a significantly lower median HMW/total adiponectin ratio and higher median MMW/total adiponectin and LMW/total adiponectin ratios than those with a normal pregnancy; 3) among patients with an SGA neonate, neither maternal serum concentrations of adiponectin multimers, nor their relative distribution differ between normal weight and overweight/obese patients. CONCLUSION 1) Pregnancies complicated by an SGA neonate are characterized by a alterations in the maternal serum adiponectin multimers concentrations and their relative abundance; 2) the findings reported herein suggest that maternal adipose tissue may play a role, in the pathogenesis of SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Sun Kwon Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
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Erez O, Romero R, Hoppensteadt D, Than NG, Fareed J, Mazaki-Tovi S, Espinoza J, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim SS, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Gotsch F, Friel L, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP. Tissue factor and its natural inhibitor in pre-eclampsia and SGA. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21:855-69. [PMID: 19065458 PMCID: PMC3171292 DOI: 10.1080/14767050802361872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue factor (TF), the major activator of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, is abundant in the placenta and decidua. The aim of this study was to determine the maternal plasma concentrations of TF and its primary inhibitor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), in women who delivered small for gestational age (SGA) neonates, and in pre-eclampsia. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study included the following groups: 1) women with normal pregnancies (n = 86); 2) patients who delivered SGA neonates (n = 61) and 3) women with pre-eclampsia (n = 133). Maternal plasma concentrations of TF and TFPI were measured by a sensitive immunoassay. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS 1) Women with pre-eclampsia had a significantly higher median plasma concentration of TF than patients with a normal pregnancy (median: 1187 pg/mL; range: 69-11675 vs. median: 291.5 pg/mL; range: 6.3-2662.2; p < 0.0001, respectively); 2) Similarly, TFPI concentrations were higher in pre-eclampsia than in normal pregnancy (median: 87.5 ng/mL; range 25.4-165.1 vs. median: 66.1 ng/mL; range: 14.3-86.5; p < 0.0001, respectively); 3) Surprisingly, mothers with SGA neonates had a lower median maternal plasma concentration of TF (median: 112.2 pg/mL; range: 25.6-1225.3) than women with a normal pregnancy (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION 1) Maternal plasma concentrations of TF in patients with pre-eclampsia, but not in those who delivered an SGA neonate, were higher than in women with normal pregnancies; 2) Although the role of immunoreactive plasma TF in coagulation remains controversial, our observations suggest that changes are present in the context of complications of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jimmy Espinoza
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lara Friel
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Erez O, Romero R, Kim SS, Kim JS, Kim YM, Wildman DE, Than NG, Mazaki-Tovi S, Gotsch F, Pineles B, Kusanovic JP, Espinoza J, Mittal P, Mazor M, Hassan SS, Kim CJ. Over-expression of the thrombin receptor (PAR-1) in the placenta in preeclampsia: a mechanism for the intersection of coagulation and inflammation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21:345-55. [PMID: 18570113 DOI: 10.1080/14767050802034859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by excessive thrombin generation, which has been implicated in the multiple organ damage associated with the disease. The biological effects of thrombin on coagulation and inflammation are mediated by protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a G protein-coupled receptor. The aim of this study was to determine whether preterm PE is associated with changes in placental expression of PAR-1. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included two groups matched for gestational age at delivery: (1) patients with preterm PE (<37 weeks of gestation; n = 26) and (2) a control group of patients with preterm labor without intra-amniotic infection (n = 26). Placental tissue microarrays were immunostained for PAR-1. Immunoreactivity of PAR-1 in the villous trophoblasts was graded as negative, weak-positive, or strong-positive. RESULTS (1) The proportion of cases with strong PAR-1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in placentas of patients with PE than in placentas from the control group (37.5% (9/24) vs. 8.7% (2/23); p = 0.036, respectively). (2) PAR-1 immunoreactivity was found in the cellular compartments of the placental villous tree, mainly in villous trophoblasts and stromal endothelial cells. (3) PAR-1 was detected in 92.3% (24/26) of the placentas of women with PE and in 88.5% (23/26) of the placentas from the control group. CONCLUSION Placentas from pregnancies complicated by preterm PE had a significantly higher frequency of strong PAR-1 expression than placentas from women with spontaneous preterm labor. This observation is consistent with a role for PAR-1 as a mediator of the effect of thrombin on coagulation and inflammation in PE. We propose that the effects of thrombin in PE are due to increased thrombin generation and higher expression of PAR-1, the major receptor for this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Chaiworapongsa T, Espinoza J, Gotsch F, Kim YM, Kim GJ, Goncalves LF, Edwin S, Kusanovic JP, Erez O, Than NG, Hassan SS, Romero R. The maternal plasma soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 concentration is elevated in SGA and the magnitude of the increase relates to Doppler abnormalities in the maternal and fetal circulation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21:25-40. [PMID: 18175242 DOI: 10.1080/14767050701832833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The soluble form of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1), an antagonist to vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia and pregnancy complicated with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses share some pathophysiologic derangements, such as failure of physiologic transformation of the spiral arteries, endothelial cell dysfunction, and leukocyte activation. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine whether plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-1 in mothers with SGA fetuses without preeclampsia at the time of diagnosis are different from those in patients with preeclampsia or normal pregnant women, and (2) examine the relationship between plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-1 and Doppler velocimetry in uterine and umbilical arteries in patients with preeclampsia and those with SGA. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the concentrations of the soluble form of VEGFR-1 in plasma obtained from normal pregnant women (n = 135), women with SGA fetuses (n = 53), and patients with preeclampsia (n = 112). Patients with SGA fetuses and those with preeclampsia were sub-classified according to the results of uterine and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry examinations. Plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-1 were determined by an ELISA. Since these concentrations change with gestational age, differences among various subgroups were statistically estimated with the delta value, defined as the difference between the observed and expected plasma sVEGFR-1 concentration. The expected values were derived from regression analysis of plasma sVEGFR-1 concentrations in normal pregnancy. Regression analysis and univariate and multivariate analysis were employed. RESULTS (1) Mothers with SGA fetuses had a mean plasma concentration of sVEGFR-1 higher than normal pregnant women (p < 0.001), but lower than patients with preeclampsia (p < 0.001). (2) Among patients with SGA fetuses, only those with abnormal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry had a mean plasma sVEGFR-1 concentration significantly higher than normal pregnant women (p < 0.001). (3) Among mothers with SGA fetuses in whom Doppler velocimetry was performed (n = 41), those with abnormalities in both the uterine and umbilical artery velocimetry had the highest mean delta of sVEGFR-1 plasma concentration (mean +/- standard deviation (SD): 0.69 +/- 0.29). Conversely, patients who had normal Doppler velocimetry in both uterine and umbilical arteries had the lowest mean delta (mean +/- SD: 0.09 +/- 0.29) of sVEGFR-1 plasma concentrations (ANOVA; p < 0.001). (4) Among patients with preeclampsia in whom Doppler velocimetry was performed (n = 69), those with abnormalities in both the uterine and umbilical artery velocimetry had the highest mean delta sVEGFR-1 plasma concentration (mean +/- SD: 1.01 +/- 0.22) among all groups classified (ANOVA; p < 0.001). (5) Among patients with SGA and those with preeclampsia, there was a relationship (Chi-square for trend p < 0.001 for both) between the severity of Doppler velocimetry abnormalities and the proportion of patients who had high delta sVEGFR-1 plasma concentrations (defined as a concentration two standard deviations (2SD) above the mean delta of normal pregnant women). (6) Multiple regression analysis suggested that the diagnostic category (e.g., SGA or preeclampsia), Doppler abnormalities, and gestational age at blood sampling were associated with an increase in plasma sVEGFR-1 concentrations (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These observations provide support for the participation of the soluble receptor of vascular endothelial growth factor in the pathophysiology of SGA with abnormal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry and preeclampsia. An excess of sVEGFR-1 is released into the maternal circulation of patients with preeclampsia and those with SGA fetuses, as abnormalities of impedance to blood flow involve uterine and umbilical circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Gotsch F, Espinoza J, Nien JK, Goncalves L, Edwin S, Kim YM, Erez O, Kusanovic JP, Pineles BL, Papp Z, Hassan S. Low maternal concentrations of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in preeclampsia and small for gestational age. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21:41-52. [PMID: 18175243 DOI: 10.1080/14767050701831397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preeclampsia is considered an anti-angiogenic state. A role for the anti-angiogenic factors soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) and soluble endoglin in preeclampsia has been proposed. Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) has been detected in human plasma, and the recombinant form of this protein has anti-angiogenic activity. There is a paucity of information about maternal plasma sVEGFR-2 concentrations in patients with preeclampsia and those without preeclampsia with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. This study was conducted to determine whether: (1) plasma sVEGFR-2 concentration changes throughout pregnancy; and (2) preeclampsia and SGA are associated with abnormalities in the maternal plasma concentration of sVEGFR-2. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included non-pregnant women (n = 40), women with normal pregnancies (n = 135), women with an SGA fetus (n = 53), and women with preeclampsia (n = 112). SGA was defined as an ultrasound-estimated fetal weight below the 10(th) percentile for gestational age that was confirmed by neonatal birth weight. Plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-2 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS (1) There was no significant difference in the mean plasma concentration of sVEGFR-2 between non-pregnant women and those with normal pregnancies (p = 0.8); (2) patients with preeclampsia and those without preeclampsia with SGA fetuses had a lower mean plasma concentration of sVEGFR-2 than that of women with normal pregnancies (p < 0.001 for both); and (3) there was no significant difference in the mean plasma concentration of sVEGFR-2 between patients with preeclampsia and those without preeclampsia with SGA (p = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Preeclampsia and SGA are associated with low plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-2. One interpretation of the findings is that plasma sVEGFR-2 concentration could reflect endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Luppi P, Tse H, Lain KY, Markovic N, Piganelli JD, DeLoia JA. Preeclampsia activates circulating immune cells with engagement of the NF-kappaB pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 56:135-44. [PMID: 16836616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Compelling evidence implicates peripheral immune activation in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils appear to be the cells most strongly affected, with changes in expression of surface markers and release of granule enzymes. Here, we investigated activation in additional leukocyte populations among women with preeclampsia. METHOD We used flow cytometry to evaluate changes in leukocyte markers in preeclampsia compared with uncomplicated pregnancy. To gain insights into intracellular pathways involved in leukocyte activation, we monitored the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also studied as an additional indication of cellular activation. RESULTS Preeclampsia is associated with changes in L-selectin (CD62L) on neutrophils (P = 0.004), monocytes (P = 0.013), and T cells (P = 0.048) when compared with normal pregnancy. These changes include an increase in nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and increased levels of IL-6 (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the presence of a generalized phenomenon of immune activation in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Luppi
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA. luppip+@pitt.edu
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Richani K, Romero R, Soto E, Nien JK, Cushenberry E, Kim YM, Espinoza J, Kim CJ. Genetic origin and proportion of basal plate surface-lining cells in normal and abnormal pregnancies. Hum Pathol 2006; 38:269-75. [PMID: 17059842 PMCID: PMC7062299 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human placenta is a transient organ, the villous surface of which is in direct contact with the maternal circulation during pregnancy. Thus, the syncytiotrophoblast and the basal plate-lining cells are considered continuous with the endothelial layer of the maternal vasculature. Two types of cells are found on the surface of the basal plate: trophoblasts (of fetal origin) and endothelial cells of putative maternal origin. Histologic abnormalities have been described in the basal plate of the placenta obtained from patients with preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Moreover, endothelial cell dysfunction and intravascular inflammation are key features of preeclampsia. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the origin of the endothelial cells located in the basal plate surface of the placenta (from male fetuses); and (2) analyze the relative proportion of the intervillous surface of the basal plate occupied by trophoblasts and endothelial cells. Immunohistochemistry and morphometry were performed in placentas from women in the following clinical groups: (1) normal-term pregnancies (n = 15); (2) severe preeclampsia at term (n = 15); (3) small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates delivered at term (n = 15); (4) preterm deliveries (<37 weeks) without inflammation (n = 5); and (5) preterm preeclampsia (n = 5). Laser capture microdissection and polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the allelic pattern of the amelogenin gene of the endothelial cells on the intervillous surface of the basal plate. Our results showed that: (1) the endothelial cells lining the basal plate in placentas of male fetuses were uniformly of maternal origin; and (2) in placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies, the median proportion of trophoblasts and endothelial cells covering the surface of the basal plate were 27.7% and 46.5%, respectively. The remaining area of the intervillous surface of the basal plate was composed of fibrin and anchoring villi. Of interest, placentas from women who delivered an SGA neonate had a higher proportion of trophoblasts and a lower proportion of endothelial cells lining the basal plate than those from normal pregnancies (P < .05). The same tendency was observed in placentas from patients with preeclampsia. This study demonstrates that endothelial cells of maternal origin cover the intervillous surface of the basal plate of the placenta, along with trophoblasts of fetal origin. The proportion of this surface lined by trophoblasts is greater in placentas from SGA and preeclampsia than in normal pregnancy. We propose that this change reflects a compensatory mechanism whereby the basal plate surface covered by injured endothelial cells is replaced by trophoblasts or results from a failure of trophoblastic involution in abnormal pregnancies. Our observations also suggest that the lining of the basal plate can provide information about the pathology of endothelial cells in complications of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Richani
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Eleazar Soto
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jyh Kae Nien
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan
| | - Enola Cushenberry
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jimmy Espinoza
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Ness RB, Sibai BM. Shared and disparate components of the pathophysiologies of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:40-9. [PMID: 16813742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia differ in their association with maternal disease but share a similar placental pathology. Moreover, mothers who have had pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia or IUGR are at elevated later-life cardiovascular risk. Why, then, do some women develop IUGR and others develop preeclampsia? In this clinical opinion, based on a review of the literature, we hypothesize that both women experiencing preeclampsia and IUGR enter pregnancy with some degree of endothelial dysfunction, a lesion that predisposes to shallow placentation. In our opinion, preeclampsia develops when abnormal placentation, through the mediator of elevated circulating cytokines, interacts with maternal metabolic syndrome, comprised of adiposity, insulin resistance/hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and coagulopathy. IUGR develops in the absence of antenatal metabolic syndrome. Among these women, the baby is affected by shallow placentation but the mother does not develop clinically apparent disease. This conceptualization provides a testable framework for future etiologic studies of preeclampsia and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta B Ness
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Bretelle F, Sabatier F, Shojai R, Agostini A, Dignat-George F, Blanc B, d'Ercole C. Avancées dans la physiopathologie de la pré-éclampsie : place de la réponse inflammatoire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 32:482-9. [PMID: 15217562 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2003.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory response is a major component in physiopathology of preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation. Endothelium is a main connection between placental ischemia and clinical manifestations during vascular pregnancy complications. In this review recent findings concerning inflammatory response and its links with endothelium are reported. Studies concerning isolated intra-uterine growth retardation confirm the hypothesis of a similar pathophysiology with an activation confined to utero-placental bed or at a lower level. Current information on oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and apoptosis in vascular pregnancy complications are available in this review. These concepts offer innovative possibilities of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bretelle
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13385 Marseille 5, France.
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Masini E, Nistri S, Vannacci A, Bani Sacchi T, Novelli A, Bani D. Relaxin inhibits the activation of human neutrophils: involvement of the nitric oxide pathway. Endocrinology 2004; 145:1106-12. [PMID: 14630720 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In animal models of inflammation, the pregnancy hormone relaxin was shown to reduce the recruitment of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, in inflamed tissues. The current study was designed to clarify whether relaxin could inhibit activation of isolated human neutrophils and, if so, whether the nitric oxide (NO) biosynthetic pathway was involved, as occurs in other relaxin targets. Human neutrophils were preincubated with 1, 10, and 100 nmol/liter porcine relaxin for 1 h before activation with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (10 micromol/liter) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (0.1 micromol/liter). In selected experiments, the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 100 micromol/liter) was added to the samples 30 min before relaxin. In other experiments, chemically inactivated relaxin (10 nmol/liter) was substituted for authentic relaxin. Untreated, nonactivated neutrophils were the controls. Relaxin reduced significantly and in a concentration-dependent fashion the expression of the surface activation marker CD11b, as well as the generation of superoxide anion, the rise of intracellular Ca(2+), the release of cytoplasmic granules, and the chemotactic migration. These effects of relaxin were blunted by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine and could not be reproduced by inactivated relaxin. Relaxin also increased neutrophil inducible NO synthase expression and NO generation. This study provides evidence that relaxin inhibits the activation of human neutrophils stimulated by different proinflammatory agents. This novel property of relaxin could be of relevance in toning down maternal neutrophil activation during pregnancy, thereby counteracting the occurrence of pregnancy-related disorders such as preeclampsia, which is regarded as an excess maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Masini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
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Bar J, Bardin R, Chen R, Pardo J, Hod M, Peled Y, Molad Y. Surface expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules in pregnant women at risk for hypertensive complications. Hypertens Pregnancy 2003; 22:165-72. [PMID: 12909001 DOI: 10.1081/prg-120021063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if neutrophil activation is a pathogenetic factor in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, the neutrophil expression of adhesion molecules was prospectively investigated in pregnant women at risk, prior to the development of hypertensive complications. METHODS Two neutrophil activation parameters, beta2-integrin (CD11b) and l-selectin (CD62L), were assessed at admission between 14 and 24 weeks of gestation in 82 pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia and other hypertensive complications. Results were compared to those in 20 healthy normotensive women. RESULTS Of the 82 women at risk, 23 (28%) developed hypertensive complications: 9 (11%) preeclampsia and 14 (17%) others, such as intrauterine growth restriction (n = 6), fetal or neonatal loss (n = 8), and preterm delivery (< or = 30 weeks of gestation) (n = 8). All pregnancy outcome measures were significantly worse in the patients with complications than in those at risk but without complications or the healthy controls. Expression of beta2-integrin was significantly higher in early stages of pregnancy in the women who eventually developed complications than the women who did not, P =.019, or the healthy controls, P =.049. CONCLUSIONS Surface expression of beta2-integrin is increased in pregnant women at risk for hypertensive complications before the clinical manifestations of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Division, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Stepan H, Heihoff-Klose A, Faber R. Pathological uterine perfusion in the second trimester is not associated with neutrophil activation. Hypertens Pregnancy 2003; 22:239-45. [PMID: 14572360 DOI: 10.1081/prg-120024027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are associated with elevated concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase, which indicate maternal neutrophil activation. The aim of the study was to measure maternal MPO and PMN elastase plasma concentrations in second trimester pregnancies with pathological uterine perfusion that are a high risk group for preeclampsia and IUGR, and compare them to normal controls. METHODS The study includes 25 pregnancies with normal and 25 pregnancies with pathological uterine perfusion. In both groups, doppler-sonographic measurement of uterine perfusion was performed in the twenty-first week of gestation. Maternal plasma concentrations of MPO and PMN elastase were measured using a specific ELISA for both enzymes. RESULTS The plasma MPO concentration of pregnant women with normal perfusion did not differ significantly from that of the group with pathological perfusion (27.4 +/- 3.3 vs. 23.7 +/- 2.0 ng/mL). Likewise, the plasma PMN elastase-concentration also did not show a significant difference between the groups (5.7 +/- 0.5 ng/mL normal vs. 8.0 +/- 1.0 ng/mL pathological). Patients with pathological perfusion that later developed preeclampsia or IUGR (9/25) showed unchanged MPO and PMN elastase values in the second trimenon compared to those with pathological perfusion and normal outcome. CONCLUSIONS Pathological uterine perfusion in the second trimester was not associated with maternal neutrophil activation. The measurement of the MPO and PMN elastase concentration suggested that neutrophil activation in preeclampsia or IUGR is a secondary effect of the disease rather than a primary pathophysiological factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Coata G, Pennacchi L, Bini V, Liotta L, Di Renzo GC. Soluble adhesion molecules: marker of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002; 12:28-34. [PMID: 12422906 DOI: 10.1080/jmf.12.1.28.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study monitored circulating plasma levels of soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) in women with healthy pregnancies, with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), with pre-eclampsia and with pregnancies with isolated intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in order to determine whether elevated concentrations have a predictive value for the clinical signs of those pregnancy-induced disorders. METHODS Plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin were determined in healthy pregnant women at each trimester of pregnancy and in pregnant women with PIH, pre-eclampsia and IUGR using commercial kits. RESULTS In the group of healthy pregnant women, plasma levels of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin did not change throughout pregnancy. No significant differences in the levels of these molecules were observed between healthy pregnant women at the third trimester of pregnancy and women with PIH. In addition, concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules were significantly higher in women with pre-eclampsia than in the group of women with healthy pregnancies. Only sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin levels were significantly higher in women with IUGR compared to healthy pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Abnormally circulating levels of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin may have a predictive value for pre-eclampsia and IUGR, as they may be linked with endothelial activation and/or damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Coata
- Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
Pathophysiological processes underlying intrauterine growth restriction are very complex and poorly understood. Growth restricted fetuses are at risk of hypoxia and, therefore, an early diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction is important for initiation of fetal surveillance. Application of a three-dimensional ultrasound method for estimation of fetal weight promises better precision. Use of conditional standard deviation scores of fetal biometric variables has been suggested for improved individualized evaluation of intrauterine growth. Application of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry in the clinical management of growth-restricted fetuses after 32 weeks of gestation leads to decreased perinatal mortality and lower rates of obstetric interventions. Evaluation of fetal state before 32 weeks is difficult and should include Doppler examination of placental circulation and several fetal arterial and venous vessel beds. In addition, recordings of short-term variability of fetal heart rate and biophysical profile have been suggested for fetal surveillance. Important new data on the time sequence of Doppler changes in various vessels of compromised very preterm growth restricted fetuses have been presented, which will enable the establishment of clinical management protocols for evaluation in prospective randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Marsál
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Gervasi MT, Chaiworapongsa T, Pacora P, Naccasha N, Yoon BH, Maymon E, Romero R. Phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of monocytes and granulocytes in preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185:792-7. [PMID: 11641653 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2001.117311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maternal syndrome of preeclampsia has recently been attributed to a systemic intravascular inflammatory response and endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. This novel hypothesis has considerable clinical and biological implications. This study was designed to determine whether women with preeclampsia have evidence of intravascular inflammation by examination of the phenotypic and metabolic activity of granulocytes and monocytes. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed that included patients with preeclampsia (n = 31) and normal pregnancies (n = 58) matched for gestational age at blood draw. Intravascular inflammation was studied with use of flow cytometry. Peripheral venous blood was assayed to determine granulocyte and monocyte phenotype with the use of monoclonal antibodies for selective cluster differentiation (CD) antigens. The panel of antibodies included CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD18, CD49d, CD62L, CD64, CD66b, and HLA-DR. The quantity of basal intracellular reactive oxygen species and oxidative burst was assessed. Results were reported as mean channel brightness or intensity of detected fluorescence. Analysis was conducted with nonparametric statistics. A P value <.01 was considered to be significant. RESULTS Preeclampsia was associated with a significant increase in mean channel brightness for CD11b on granulocytes and monocytes but lower mean channel brightness for CD62L on granulocytes than those from women with normal pregnancy (P <.01 for each). Basal intracellular reactive oxygen species were increased in monocytes but not in granulocytes. The oxidative burst was higher in both cell types. CONCLUSION Preeclampsia is associated with phenotypic and metabolic changes in granulocytes and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Gervasi
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Wayne State University/Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Current awareness in prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2001; 21:333-9. [PMID: 11288129 DOI: 10.1002/pd.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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