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Yan Y, Zhou S, Chen X, Yi Q, Feng S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Liang Q, Xu Z, Li Z, Sun L. Suppression of ITPKB degradation by Trim25 confers TMZ resistance in glioblastoma through ROS homeostasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:58. [PMID: 38438346 PMCID: PMC10912509 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) represents a standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agent in glioblastoma (GBM). However, the development of drug resistance constitutes a significant hurdle in the treatment of malignant glioma. Although specific innovative approaches, such as immunotherapy, have shown favorable clinical outcomes, the inherent invasiveness of most gliomas continues to make them challenging to treat. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify effective therapeutic targets for gliomas to overcome chemoresistance and facilitate drug development. This investigation used mass spectrometry to examine the proteomic profiles of six pairs of GBM patients who underwent standard-of-care treatment and surgery for both primary and recurrent tumors. A total of 648 proteins exhibiting significant differential expression were identified. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) unveiled notable alterations in pathways related to METABOLISM_OF_LIPIDS and BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS between the primary and recurrent groups. Validation through glioma tissue arrays and the Xiangya cohort confirmed substantial upregulation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) kinase B (ITPKB) in the recurrence group, correlating with poor survival in glioma patients. In TMZ-resistant cells, the depletion of ITPKB led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) related to NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and restored cell sensitivity to TMZ. Mechanistically, the decreased phosphorylation of the E3 ligase Trim25 at the S100 position in recurrent GBM samples accounted for the weakened ITPKB ubiquitination. This, in turn, elevated ITPKB stability and impaired ROS production. Furthermore, ITPKB depletion or the ITPKB inhibitor GNF362 effectively overcome TMZ chemoresistance in a glioma xenograft mouse model. These findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying TMZ resistance and propose ITPKB as a promising therapeutic target for TMZ-resistant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shangjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiaoli Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Songshan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zijin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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2
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Di Leva F, Filosi M, Oyston L, Silvestri E, Picard A, Lavdas AA, Lobbestael E, Baekelandt V, Neely GG, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Corti C. Increased Levels of the Parkinson's Disease-Associated Gene ITPKB Correlate with Higher Expression Levels of α-Synuclein, Independent of Mutation Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031984. [PMID: 36768321 PMCID: PMC9916293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant mutations in the gene encoding α-synuclein (SNCA) were the first to be linked with hereditary Parkinson's disease (PD). Duplication and triplication of SNCA has been observed in PD patients, together with mutations at the N-terminal of the protein, among which A30P and A53T influence the formation of fibrils. By overexpressing human α-synuclein in the neuronal system of Drosophila, we functionally validated the ability of IP3K2, an ortholog of the GWAS identified risk gene, Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (ITPKB), to modulate α-synuclein toxicity in vivo. ITPKB mRNA and protein levels were also increased in SK-N-SH cells overexpressing wild-type α-synuclein, A53T or A30P mutants. Kinase overexpression was detected in the cytoplasmatic and in the nuclear compartments in all α-synuclein cell types. By quantifying mRNAs in the cortex of PD patients, we observed higher levels of ITPKB mRNA when SNCA was expressed more (p < 0.05), compared to controls. A positive correlation was also observed between SNCA and ITPKB expression in the cortex of patients, which was not seen in the controls. We replicated this observation in a public dataset. Our data, generated in SK-N-SH cells and in cortex from PD patients, show that the expression of α-synuclein and ITPKB is correlated in pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Leva
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.L.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0471-055-474 (F.D.L.); +39-0471-055-538 (C.C.)
| | - Michele Filosi
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lisa Oyston
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Erica Silvestri
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anne Picard
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alexandros A. Lavdas
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Gregory Neely
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Corrado Corti
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.L.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0471-055-474 (F.D.L.); +39-0471-055-538 (C.C.)
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3
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Ohene-Nyako M, Nass SR, Richard HT, Lukande R, Nicol MR, McRae M, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Casein Kinase 2 Mediates HIV- and Opioid-Induced Pathologic Phosphorylation of TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 in the Basal Ganglia. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231158218. [PMID: 36890725 PMCID: PMC9998424 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231158218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT HIV/HIV-1 Tat and morphine independently increase pathologic phosphorylation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 in the striatum. HIV- and opioid-induced pathologic phosphorylation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 may involve enhanced CK2 activity and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sara R Nass
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hope T Richard
- Pathology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robert Lukande
- Pathology, College of Health Sciences, 58589Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Melanie R Nicol
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, 15515University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - MaryPeace McRae
- Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, 15535Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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4
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Braun LM, Zeiser R. Kinase Inhibition as Treatment for Acute and Chronic Graft- Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760199. [PMID: 34868001 PMCID: PMC8635802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients suffering from hematological malignancies via the donor immune system driven graft-versus-leukemia effect. However, the therapy is mainly limited by severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), both being life-threatening complications after allo-HCT. GvHD develops when donor T cells do not only recognize remaining tumor cells as foreign, but also the recipient’s tissue, leading to a severe inflammatory disease. Typical GvHD target organs include the skin, liver and intestinal tract. Currently all approved strategies for GvHD treatment are immunosuppressive therapies, with the first-line therapy being glucocorticoids. However, therapeutic options for glucocorticoid-refractory patients are still limited. Novel therapeutic approaches, which reduce GvHD severity while preserving GvL activity, are urgently needed. Targeting kinase activity with small molecule inhibitors has shown promising results in preclinical animal models and clinical trials. Well-studied kinase targets in GvHD include Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase 2 (ROCK2), spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) to control B- and T-cell activation in acute and chronic GvHD. Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) and 2 (JAK2) are among the most intensively studied kinases in GvHD due to their importance in cytokine production and inflammatory cell activation and migration. Here, we discuss the role of kinase inhibition as novel treatment strategies for acute and chronic GvHD after allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Braun
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS) and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Activation of the MAPK pathway mediates resistance to PI3K inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2021; 138:44-56. [PMID: 33684943 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) that target the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway have revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Mutations associated with resistance to BTK inhibitors have been identified, but limited data are available on mechanisms of resistance to PI3Kδ inhibitors. Here we present findings from longitudinal whole-exome sequencing of cells from patients with multiply relapsed CLL (N = 28) enrolled in trials of PI3K inhibitors. The nonresponder subgroup was characterized by baseline activating mutations in MAP2K1, BRAF, and KRAS genes in 60% of patients. PI3Kδ inhibition failed to inhibit ERK phosphorylation (pERK) in nonresponder CLL cells with and without mutations, whereas treatment with a MEK inhibitor rescued ERK inhibition. Overexpression of MAP2K1 mutants in vitro led to increased basal and inducible pERK and resistance to idelalisib. These data demonstrate that MAPK/ERK activation plays a key role in resistance to PI3Kδ inhibitors in CLL and provide a rationale for therapy with a combination of PI3Kδ and ERK inhibitors.
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6
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Marongiu L, Mingozzi F, Cigni C, Marzi R, Di Gioia M, Garrè M, Parazzoli D, Sironi L, Collini M, Sakaguchi R, Morii T, Crosti M, Moro M, Schurmans S, Catelani T, Rotem R, Colombo M, Shears S, Prosperi D, Zanoni I, Granucci F. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B promotes Ca 2+ mobilization and the inflammatory activity of dendritic cells. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/676/eaaz2120. [PMID: 33785611 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses to Gram-negative bacteria depend on the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by a receptor complex that includes CD14 and TLR4. In dendritic cells (DCs), CD14 enhances the activation not only of TLR4 but also that of the NFAT family of transcription factors, which suppresses cell survival and promotes the production of inflammatory mediators. NFAT activation requires Ca2+ mobilization. In DCs, Ca2+ mobilization in response to LPS depends on phospholipase C γ2 (PLCγ2), which produces inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Here, we showed that the IP3 receptor 3 (IP3R3) and ITPKB, a kinase that converts IP3 to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4), were both necessary for Ca2+ mobilization and NFAT activation in mouse and human DCs. A pool of IP3R3 was located on the plasma membrane of DCs, where it colocalized with CD14 and ITPKB. Upon LPS binding to CD14, ITPKB was required for Ca2+ mobilization through plasma membrane-localized IP3R3 and for NFAT nuclear translocation. Pharmacological inhibition of ITPKB in mice reduced both LPS-induced tissue swelling and the severity of inflammatory arthritis to a similar extent as that induced by the inhibition of NFAT using nanoparticles that delivered an NFAT-inhibiting peptide specifically to phagocytic cells. Our results suggest that ITPKB may represent a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapies that aim to inhibit specific DC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marongiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mingozzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Cigni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Di Gioia
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Sironi
- Department of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Department of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Morii
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Moro
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-B34, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Piattaforma Interdipartimentale di Microscopia, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Rany Rotem
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen Shears
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIEHS/NIH, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy. .,INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
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7
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Mahtani T, Treanor B. Beyond the CRAC: Diversification of ion signaling in B cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 291:104-122. [PMID: 31402507 PMCID: PMC6851625 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although calcium signaling and the important role of calcium release–activated calcium channels is well recognized in the context of immune cell signaling, there is a vast diversity of ion channels and transporters that regulate the entry of ions beyond calcium, including magnesium, zinc, potassium, sodium, and chloride. These ions play a critical role in numerous metabolic and cellular processes. The importance of ions in human health and disease is illustrated by the identification of primary immunodeficiencies in patients with mutations in genes encoding ion channels and transporters, as well as the immunological defects observed in individuals with nutritional ion deficiencies. Despite progress in identifying the important role of ions in immune cell development and activation, we are still in the early stages of exploring the diversity of ion channels and transporters and mechanistically understanding the role of these ions in immune cell biology. Here, we review the biology of ion signaling in B cells and the identification of critical ion channels and transporters in B‐cell development, activation, and differentiation into effector cells. Elucidating the role of ion channels and transporters in immune cell signaling is critical for expanding the repertoire of potential therapeutics for the treatment of immune disorders. Moreover, increased understanding of the role of ions in immune cell function will enhance our understanding of the potentially serious consequences of ion deficiencies in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Mahtani
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bebhinn Treanor
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Almutairi A, Wallace JG, Jaber F, Alosaimi MF, Jones J, Sallam MTH, Elnagdy MH, Chou J, Sobh A, Geha RS. Severe combined immunodeficiency caused by inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (ITPKB) deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1696-1699.e6. [PMID: 31987846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abduarahman Almutairi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jacqueline G Wallace
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Faris Jaber
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mohammed F Alosaimi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology Division, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mohamed T H Sallam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M H Elnagdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Ali Sobh
- Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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9
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Thangavelu G, Du J, Paz KG, Loschi M, Zaiken MC, Flynn R, Taylor PA, Kirchmeier AK, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Luznik L, MacDonald KP, Hill GR, Maillard I, Munn DH, Serody JS, Murphy WJ, Miklos D, Cutler CS, Koreth J, Antin JH, Soiffer RJ, Ritz J, Dahlberg C, Miller AT, Blazar BR. Inhibition of inositol kinase B controls acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2020; 135:28-40. [PMID: 31697815 PMCID: PMC6940197 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation releases inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), inducing cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) influx. In turn, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb) phosphorylates IP3 to negatively regulate and thereby tightly control Ca2+ fluxes that are essential for mature T-cell activation and differentiation and protection from cell death. Itpkb pathway inhibition increases intracellular Ca2+, induces apoptosis of activated T cells, and can control T-cell-mediated autoimmunity. In this study, we employed genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit Itpkb signaling as a means of controlling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Murine-induced, Itpkb-deleted (Itpkb-/-) T cells attenuated acute GVHD in 2 models without eliminating A20-luciferase B-cell lymphoma graft-versus-leukemia (GVL). A highly potent, selective inhibitor, GNF362, ameliorated acute GVHD without impairing GVL against 2 acute myeloid leukemia lines (MLL-AF9-eGFP and C1498-luciferase). Compared with FK506, GNF362 more selectively deleted donor alloreactive vs nominal antigen-responsive T cells. Consistent with these data and as compared with FK506, GNF362 had favorable acute GVHD and GVL properties against MLL-AF9-eGFP cells. In chronic GVHD preclinical models that have a pathophysiology distinct from acute GVHD, Itpkb-/- donor T cells reduced active chronic GVHD in a multiorgan system model of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), driven by germinal center reactions and resulting in target organ fibrosis. GNF362 treatment reduced active chronic GVHD in both BO and scleroderma models. Thus, intact Itpkb signaling is essential to drive acute GVHD pathogenesis and sustain active chronic GVHD, pointing toward a novel clinical application to prevent acute or treat chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jing Du
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katelyn G Paz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael Loschi
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael C Zaiken
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ryan Flynn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Patricia A Taylor
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Andrew Kemal Kirchmeier
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Leo Luznik
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kelli P MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center and
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - David Miklos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Corey S Cutler
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - John Koreth
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Joseph H Antin
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Robert J Soiffer
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Carol Dahlberg
- The Genomics Institute, Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, CA
| | - Andrew T Miller
- The Genomics Institute, Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, CA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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10
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Silvestro S, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Role of miRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease and Possible Fields of Application. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3979. [PMID: 31443326 PMCID: PMC6720959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs (or microRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNA molecules, responsible for post-transcriptional gene silencing through binding to the coding region as well as 3' and 5' untranslated region of target genes. About 70% of experimentally detectable miRNAs are expressed in the brain and some studies suggest that miRNAs are intimately involved in synaptic function and in specific signals during memory formation. More and more evidence demonstrates the possible involvement of miRNAs in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of senile dementia, a disease that affects memory and cognitive functions. It is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of synapses, extracellular amyloid plaques composed of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated TAU protein. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vivo studies of the last 5 years in the literature describing the role of the different miRNAs involved in AD. miRNAs hold huge potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and, at the same time, their modulation could be a potential therapeutic strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Silvestro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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11
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Pan C, Jin L, Wang X, Li Y, Chun J, Boese AC, Li D, Kang HB, Zhang G, Zhou L, Chen GZ, Saba NF, Shin DM, Magliocca KR, Owonikoko TK, Mao H, Lonial S, Kang S. Inositol-triphosphate 3-kinase B confers cisplatin resistance by regulating NOX4-dependent redox balance. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2431-2445. [PMID: 31081803 DOI: 10.1172/jci124550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How altered metabolism contributes to chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells remains unclear. Through a metabolism-related kinome RNAi screen, we identified inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (ITPKB) as a critical enzyme that contributes to cisplatin-resistant tumor growth. We demonstrated that inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4), the product of ITPKB, plays a critical role in redox homeostasis upon cisplatin exposure by reducing cisplatin-induced ROS through inhibition of a ROS-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), which promotes cisplatin-resistant tumor growth. Mechanistically, we identified that IP4 competes with the NOX4 cofactor NADPH for binding and consequently inhibits NOX4. Targeting ITPKB with shRNA or its small-molecule inhibitor resulted in attenuation of NOX4 activity, imbalanced redox status, and sensitized cancer cells to cisplatin treatment in patient-derived xenografts. Our findings provide insight into the crosstalk between kinase-mediated metabolic regulation and platinum-based chemotherapy resistance in human cancers. Our study also suggests a distinctive signaling function of IP4 that regulates NOX4. Furthermore, pharmaceutical inhibition of ITPKB displayed synergistic attenuation of tumor growth with cisplatin, suggesting ITPKB as a promising synthetic lethal target for cancer therapeutic intervention to overcome cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Pan
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Xu Wang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaemoo Chun
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Austin C Boese
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Dan Li
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Hee-Bum Kang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Georgia Z Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Dong M Shin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Sumin Kang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
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12
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Elich M, Sauer K. Regulation of Hematopoietic Cell Development and Function Through Phosphoinositides. Front Immunol 2018; 9:931. [PMID: 29780388 PMCID: PMC5945867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most paramount receptor-induced signal transduction mechanisms in hematopoietic cells is production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate (PIP3) by class I phosphoinositide 3 kinases (PI3K). Defective PIP3 signaling impairs almost every aspect of hematopoiesis, including T cell development and function. Limiting PIP3 signaling is particularly important, because excessive PIP3 function in lymphocytes can transform them and cause blood cancers. Here, we review the key functions of PIP3 and related phosphoinositides in hematopoietic cells, with a special focus on those mechanisms dampening PIP3 production, turnover, or function. Recent studies have shown that beyond “canonical” turnover by the PIP3 phosphatases and tumor suppressors phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and SH2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1/2), PIP3 function in hematopoietic cells can also be dampened through antagonism with the soluble PIP3 analogs inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (IP4) and inositol-heptakisphosphate (IP7). Other evidence suggests that IP4 can promote PIP3 function in thymocytes. Moreover, IP4 or the kinases producing it limit store-operated Ca2+ entry through Orai channels in B cells, T cells, and neutrophils to control cell survival and function. We discuss current models for how soluble inositol phosphates can have such diverse functions and can govern as distinct processes as hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis, neutrophil macrophage and NK cell function, and development and function of B cells and T cells. Finally, we will review the pathological consequences of dysregulated IP4 activity in immune cells and highlight contributions of impaired inositol phosphate functions in disorders such as Kawasaki disease, common variable immunodeficiency, or blood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Elich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karsten Sauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Oncology R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, San Diego, CA, United States
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13
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Salta E, Sierksma A, Vanden Eynden E, De Strooper B. miR-132 loss de-represses ITPKB and aggravates amyloid and TAU pathology in Alzheimer's brain. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1005-18. [PMID: 27485122 PMCID: PMC5009807 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA‐132 (miR‐132) is involved in prosurvival, anti‐inflammatory and memory‐promoting functions in the nervous system and has been found consistently downregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether and how miR‐132 deficiency impacts AD pathology remains, however, unaddressed. We show here that miR‐132 loss exacerbates both amyloid and TAU pathology via inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate 3‐kinase B (ITPKB) upregulation in an AD mouse model. This leads to increased ERK1/2 and BACE1 activity and elevated TAU phosphorylation. We confirm downregulation of miR‐132 and upregulation of ITPKB in three distinct human AD patient cohorts, indicating the pathological relevance of this pathway in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Salta
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annerieke Sierksma
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Vanden Eynden
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU, Leuven, Belgium Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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14
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Westernberg L, Conche C, Huang YH, Rigaud S, Deng Y, Siegemund S, Mukherjee S, Nosaka L, Das J, Sauer K. Non-canonical antagonism of PI3K by the kinase Itpkb delays thymocyte β-selection and renders it Notch-dependent. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26880557 PMCID: PMC4764578 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-selection is the most pivotal event determining αβ T cell fate. Here, surface-expression of a pre-T cell receptor (pre-TCR) induces thymocyte metabolic activation, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Besides the pre-TCR, β-selection also requires co-stimulatory signals from Notch receptors - key cell fate determinants in eukaryotes. Here, we show that this Notch-dependence is established through antagonistic signaling by the pre-TCR/Notch effector, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and by inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb). Canonically, PI3K is counteracted by the lipid-phosphatases Pten and Inpp5d/SHIP-1. In contrast, Itpkb dampens pre-TCR induced PI3K/Akt signaling by producing IP4, a soluble antagonist of the Akt-activating PI3K-product PIP3. Itpkb-/- thymocytes are pre-TCR hyperresponsive, hyperactivate Akt, downstream mTOR and metabolism, undergo an accelerated β-selection and can develop to CD4+CD8+ cells without Notch. This is reversed by inhibition of Akt, mTOR or glucose metabolism. Thus, non-canonical PI3K-antagonism by Itpkb restricts pre-TCR induced metabolic activation to enforce coincidence-detection of pre-TCR expression and Notch-engagement. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10786.001 T cells defend our body against cancer and infectious agents such as viruses. However, they can also cause rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases by attacking healthy tissue. T cells recognize target cells via receptor proteins on their surface. To maximize the variety of infections and cancers our immune system can recognize, we generate millions of T cells with different T cell receptors every day. To ensure T cells work correctly, T cell receptors are tested at various checkpoints. The first checkpoint involves a process called beta (β) selection, during which T cells produce their first T cell receptor – the so-called pre-T cell receptor. This receptor causes T cells to divide and mature, and sets their future identity or “fate”. To complete β-selection, T cells must also receive signals from another surface receptor – one that belongs to the Notch family, which determines cell fate in many different tissues. The Notch receptor and the pre-T cell receptor both activate an enzyme called PI3K – a key mediator of β-selection. But the pre-T cell receptor also activates another enzyme called Itpkb that is required for T cell development. Westernberg, Conche et al. have now investigated how these different proteins and signaling processes work and interact during β-selection, using mice that lack several immune genes, including the gene that produces Itpkb. The results of the experiments show that during β-selection, Itpkb limits the ability of PI3K to activate some of its key target proteins. This “dampened” PI3K signaling ensures that both the pre-T cell receptor and the Notch receptor must be activated to trigger T cell maturation. Without Itpkb, β-selection can occur in the absence of Notch signaling. As Notch signaling is important for determining the fate of many different cell types, Westernberg, Conche et al.’s findings raise the possibility that Itpkb might also regulate cell fate determination in other tissues. Moreover, Itpkb may suppress tumor development, because excessive PI3K signaling drives many cancers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10786.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Westernberg
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Claire Conche
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yina Hsing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, United States.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, United States
| | - Stephanie Rigaud
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yisong Deng
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Sabine Siegemund
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Sayak Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States.,Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States.,Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Lyn'Al Nosaka
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jayajit Das
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States.,Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States.,Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Karsten Sauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
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15
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Miller AT, Dahlberg C, Sandberg ML, Wen BG, Beisner DR, Hoerter JAH, Parker A, Schmedt C, Stinson M, Avis J, Cienfuegos C, McPate M, Tranter P, Gosling M, Groot-Kormelink PJ, Dawson J, Pan S, Tian SS, Seidel HM, Cooke MP. Inhibition of the Inositol Kinase Itpkb Augments Calcium Signaling in Lymphocytes and Reveals a Novel Strategy to Treat Autoimmune Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131071. [PMID: 26121493 PMCID: PMC4488288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging approaches to treat immune disorders target positive regulatory kinases downstream of antigen receptors with small molecule inhibitors. Here we provide evidence for an alternative approach in which inhibition of the negative regulatory inositol kinase Itpkb in mature T lymphocytes results in enhanced intracellular calcium levels following antigen receptor activation leading to T cell death. Using Itpkb conditional knockout mice and LMW Itpkb inhibitors these studies reveal that Itpkb through its product IP4 inhibits the Orai1/Stim1 calcium channel on lymphocytes. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Itpkb results in elevated intracellular Ca2+ and induction of FasL and Bim resulting in T cell apoptosis. Deletion of Itpkb or treatment with Itpkb inhibitors blocks T-cell dependent antibody responses in vivo and prevents T cell driven arthritis in rats. These data identify Itpkb as an essential mediator of T cell activation and suggest Itpkb inhibition as a novel approach to treat autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Miller
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Carol Dahlberg
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Sandberg
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ben G. Wen
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Beisner
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - John A. H. Hoerter
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Albert Parker
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Schmedt
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Monique Stinson
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Avis
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Cienfuegos
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mark McPate
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited, Respiratory Disease Area, Horsham, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Tranter
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited, Respiratory Disease Area, Horsham, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Gosling
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited, Respiratory Disease Area, Horsham, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Groot-Kormelink
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janet Dawson
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for Biomed. Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shifeng Pan
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Shin-Shay Tian
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - H. Martin Seidel
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Cooke
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California, United States of America
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16
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Koenig S, Moreau C, Dupont G, Scoumanne A, Erneux C. Regulation of NGF-driven neurite outgrowth by Ins(1,4,5)P3 kinase is specifically associated with the two isoenzymes Itpka and Itpkb in a model of PC12 cells. FEBS J 2015; 282:2553-69. [PMID: 25892505 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four inositol phosphate kinases catalyze phosphorylation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3 ] to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 ]: these enzymes comprise three isoenzymes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (Itpk), referred to as Itpka, Itpkb and Itpkc, and the inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK). The four enzymes that act on Ins(1,4,5)P3 are all expressed in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, a model that is used to study neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). We compared the effect of over-expression of the four GFP-tagged kinases on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Our data show that over-expression of the Itpka and Itpkb isoforms inhibits NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, but over-expression of Itpkc and IPMK does not. Surprisingly, over-expression of the N-terminal F-actin binding domain of Itpka, which lacks catalytic activity, was as effective at inhibiting neurite outgrowth as the full-length enzyme. Neurite length was also significantly decreased in cells over-expressing Itpka and Itpkb but not Itpkc or IPMK. This result did not depend on the over-expression level of any of the kinases. PC12 cells over-expressing GFP-tagged kinase-dead mutants Itpka/b have shorter neurites than GFP control cells. The decrease in neurite length was never as pronounced as observed with wild-type GFP-tagged Itpka/b. Finally, the percentage of neurite-bearing cells was increased in cells over-expressing the membranous type I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase. We conclude that Itpka and Itpkb inhibit neurite outgrowth through both F-actin binding and localized Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase activity. Itpkc and IPMK do not influence neurite outgrowth or neurite length in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Koenig
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Colette Moreau
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Scoumanne
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA Signal Transduction, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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IP3 3-kinase B controls hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis and prevents lethal hematopoietic failure in mice. Blood 2015; 125:2786-97. [PMID: 25788703 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-06-583187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis ensures lifelong hematopoiesis and prevents blood cancers. The mechanisms balancing HSC quiescence with expansion and differentiation into hematopoietic progenitors are incompletely understood. Here, we identify Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb) as an essential regulator of HSC homeostasis. Young Itpkb(-/-) mice accumulated phenotypic HSC, which were less quiescent and proliferated more than wild-type (WT) controls. Itpkb(-/-) HSC downregulated quiescence and stemness associated, but upregulated activation, oxidative metabolism, protein synthesis, and lineage associated messenger RNAs. Although they had normal-to-elevated viability and no significant homing defects, Itpkb(-/-) HSC had a severely reduced competitive long-term repopulating potential. Aging Itpkb(-/-) mice lost hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and died with severe anemia. WT HSC normally repopulated Itpkb(-/-) hosts, indicating an HSC-intrinsic Itpkb requirement. Itpkb(-/-) HSC showed reduced colony-forming activity and increased stem-cell-factor activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) effectors Akt/mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). This was reversed by treatment with the Itpkb product and PI3K/Akt antagonist IP4. Transcriptome changes and biochemistry support mTOR hyperactivity in Itpkb(-/-) HSC. Treatment with the mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin reversed the excessive mTOR signaling and hyperproliferation of Itpkb(-/-) HSC without rescuing colony forming activity. Thus, we propose that Itpkb ensures HSC quiescence and function through limiting cytokine-induced PI3K/mTOR signaling and other mechanisms.
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18
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Wang X, Hills LB, Huang YH. Lipid and Protein Co-Regulation of PI3K Effectors Akt and Itk in Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2015; 6:117. [PMID: 25821452 PMCID: PMC4358224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase, PI3K) pathway transduces signals critical for lymphocyte function. PI3K generates the phospholipid PIP3 at the plasma membrane to recruit proteins that contain pleckstrin homology (PH) domains – a conserved domain found in hundreds of mammalian proteins. PH domain–PIP3 interactions allow for rapid signal propagation and confer a spatial component to these signals. The kinases Akt and Itk are key PI3K effectors that bind PIP3 via their PH domains and mediate vital processes – such as survival, activation, and differentiation – in lymphocytes. Here, we review the roles and regulation of PI3K signaling in lymphocytes with a specific emphasis on Akt and Itk. We also discuss these and other PH domain-containing proteins as they relate more broadly to immune cell function. Finally, we highlight the emerging view of PH domains as multifunctional protein domains that often bind both lipid and protein substrates to exert their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Leonard Benjamin Hills
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - Yina Hsing Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA ; Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
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19
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Abstract
Neutrophils play critical roles in innate immunity and host defense. However, excessive neutrophil accumulation or hyper-responsiveness of neutrophils can be detrimental to the host system. Thus, the response of neutrophils to inflammatory stimuli needs to be tightly controlled. Many cellular processes in neutrophils are mediated by localized formation of an inositol phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), at the plasma membrane. The PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 signaling pathway is negatively regulated by lipid phosphatases and inositol phosphates, which consequently play a critical role in controlling neutrophil function and would be expected to act as ideal therapeutic targets for enhancing or suppressing innate immune responses. Here, we comprehensively review current understanding about the action of lipid phosphatases and inositol phosphates in the control of neutrophil function in infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Subhanjan Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA
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20
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Rodriguez RM, Suarez-Alvarez B, Mosén-Ansorena D, García-Peydró M, Fuentes P, García-León MJ, Gonzalez-Lahera A, Macias-Camara N, Toribio ML, Aransay AM, Lopez-Larrea C. Regulation of the transcriptional program by DNA methylation during human αβ T-cell development. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:760-74. [PMID: 25539926 PMCID: PMC4333391 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte differentiation is a complex process involving well-defined sequential developmental stages that ultimately result in the generation of mature T-cells. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation and gene expression profiles at successive human thymus developmental stages. Gain and loss of methylation occurred during thymocyte differentiation, but DNA demethylation was much more frequent than de novo methylation and more strongly correlated with gene expression. These changes took place in CpG-poor regions and were closely associated with T-cell differentiation and TCR function. Up to 88 genes that encode transcriptional regulators, some of whose functions in T-cell development are as yet unknown, were differentially methylated during differentiation. Interestingly, no reversion of accumulated DNA methylation changes was observed as differentiation progressed, except in a very small subset of key genes (RAG1, RAG2, CD8A, PTCRA, etc.), indicating that methylation changes are mostly unique and irreversible events. Our study explores the contribution of DNA methylation to T-cell lymphopoiesis and provides a fine-scale map of differentially methylated regions associated with gene expression changes. These can lay the molecular foundations for a better interpretation of the regulatory networks driving human thymopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Mosén-Ansorena
- Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE & CIBERehd, Technological Park of Bizkaia - Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Marina García-Peydró
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fuentes
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J García-León
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aintzane Gonzalez-Lahera
- Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE & CIBERehd, Technological Park of Bizkaia - Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nuria Macias-Camara
- Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE & CIBERehd, Technological Park of Bizkaia - Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María L Toribio
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Aransay
- Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE & CIBERehd, Technological Park of Bizkaia - Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Larrea
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain Fundación Renal 'Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo', 28003 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Wang X, Boyken SE, Hu J, Xu X, Rimer RP, Shea MA, Shaw AS, Andreotti AH, Huang YH. Calmodulin and PI(3,4,5)P₃ cooperatively bind to the Itk pleckstrin homology domain to promote efficient calcium signaling and IL-17A production. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra74. [PMID: 25097034 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the kinetics and magnitude of Ca(2+) signaling enables this signal to mediate diverse responses, such as cell migration, differentiation, vesicular trafficking, and cell death. We showed that the Ca(2+)-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) acted in a positive feedback loop to potentiate Ca(2+) signaling downstream of the Tec kinase family member Itk. Using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), we mapped CaM binding to two loops adjacent to the lipid-binding pocket within the Itk pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The Itk PH domain bound synergistically to Ca(2+)/CaM and the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3], such that binding to Ca(2+)/CaM enhanced the binding to PI(3,4,5)P3 and vice versa. Disruption of CaM binding attenuated Itk recruitment to the membrane and diminished release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, disruption of this feedback loop abrogated Itk-dependent production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A (interleukin-17A) by CD4(+) T cells. Additionally, we found that CaM associated with PH domains from other proteins, indicating that CaM may regulate other PH domain-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott E Boyken
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan P Rimer
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Madeline A Shea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrey S Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy H Andreotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yina H Huang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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22
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Siggs OM. Dissecting mammalian immunity through mutation. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:392-9. [PMID: 24518983 PMCID: PMC4038135 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although mutation and natural selection have given rise to our immune system, a well-placed mutation can also cripple it, and within an expanding population we are recognizing more and more cases of single-gene mutations that compromise immunity. These mutations are an ideal tool for understanding human immunology, and there are more ways than ever to measure their physiological effects. There are also more ways to create mutations in the laboratory, and to use these resources to systematically define the function of every gene in our genome. This review focuses on the discovery and creation of mutations in the context of mammalian immunity, with an emphasis on the use of genome-wide chemical and CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to reveal gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Siggs
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Stygelbout V, Leroy K, Pouillon V, Ando K, D’Amico E, Jia Y, Luo HR, Duyckaerts C, Erneux C, Schurmans S, Brion JP. Inositol trisphosphate 3-kinase B is increased in human Alzheimer brain and exacerbates mouse Alzheimer pathology. Brain 2014; 137:537-52. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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24
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Srivastava N, Sudan R, Kerr WG. Role of inositol poly-phosphatases and their targets in T cell biology. Front Immunol 2013; 4:288. [PMID: 24069021 PMCID: PMC3779868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes play a critical role in host defense in all anatomical sites including mucosal surfaces. This not only includes the effector arm of the immune system, but also regulation of immune responses in order to prevent autoimmunity. Genetic targeting of PI3K isoforms suggests that generation of PI(3,4,5)P3 by PI3K plays a critical role in promoting effector T cell responses. Consequently, the 5'- and 3'-inositol poly-phosphatases SHIP1, SHIP2, and phosphatase and tensin homolog capable of targeting PI(3,4,5)P3 are potential genetic determinants of T cell effector functions in vivo. In addition, the 5'-inositol poly-phosphatases SHIP1 and 2 can shunt PI(3,4,5)P3 to the rare but potent signaling phosphoinositide species PI(3,4)P2 and thus these SHIP1/2, and the INPP4A/B enzymes that deplete PI(3,4)P2 may have precise roles in T cell biology to amplify or inhibit effectors of PI3K signaling that are selectively recruited to and activated by PI(3,4)P2. Here we summarize recent genetic and chemical evidence that indicates the inositol poly-phosphatases have important roles in both the effector and regulatory functions of the T cell compartment. In addition, we will discuss future genetic studies that might be undertaken to further elaborate the role of these enzymes in T cell biology as well as potential pharmaceutical manipulation of these enzymes for therapeutic purposes in disease settings where T cell function is a key in vivo target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY , USA
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25
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Stein F, Kress M, Reither S, Piljić A, Schultz C. FluoQ: a tool for rapid analysis of multiparameter fluorescence imaging data applied to oscillatory events. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1862-8. [PMID: 23882997 DOI: 10.1021/cb4003442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The number of fluorescent sensors and their use in living cells has significantly increased in the past years. Yet, the analysis of data from single cells or cell populations usually remains a very time-consuming enterprise. Here, we introduce FluoQ, a new macro for the image analysis software ImageJ, which enables fast analysis of multiparameter time-lapse fluorescence microscopy data with minimal manual input. FluoQ provides statistical analysis of all measured parameters and delivers the results in multiple graphic and numeric displays. We demonstrate the power of FluoQ by applying the macro to data analysis in the development and optimization of novel FRET reporters for monitoring the performance of calcium/calmodulin-binding inositol trisphosphate kinases A and B (ITPKA and ITPKB) in HeLa cells. We find that conformational changes in the ITPKA-based sensor follow receptor-mediated calcium oscillations. This indicates that ITPKA contributes to the regulation of intracellular calcium transients by limiting inositol trisphosphate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Stein
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstraße
1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Kress
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstraße
1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Reither
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstraße
1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alen Piljić
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstraße
1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstraße
1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Mukherjee S, Rigaud S, Seok SC, Fu G, Prochenka A, Dworkin M, Gascoigne NRJ, Vieland VJ, Sauer K, Das J. In silico modeling of Itk activation kinetics in thymocytes suggests competing positive and negative IP4 mediated feedbacks increase robustness. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73937. [PMID: 24066087 PMCID: PMC3774804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inositol-phosphate messenger inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (IP4) is essential for thymocyte positive selection by regulating plasma-membrane association of the protein tyrosine kinase Itk downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR). IP4 can act as a soluble analog of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) membrane lipid product phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 recruits signaling proteins such as Itk to cellular membranes by binding to PH and other domains. In thymocytes, low-dose IP4 binding to the Itk PH domain surprisingly promoted and high-dose IP4 inhibited PIP3 binding of Itk PH domains. However, the mechanisms that underlie the regulation of membrane recruitment of Itk by IP4 and PIP3 remain unclear. The distinct Itk PH domain ability to oligomerize is consistent with a cooperative-allosteric mode of IP4 action. However, other possibilities cannot be ruled out due to difficulties in quantitatively measuring the interactions between Itk, IP4 and PIP3, and in generating non-oligomerizing Itk PH domain mutants. This has hindered a full mechanistic understanding of how IP4 controls Itk function. By combining experimentally measured kinetics of PLCγ1 phosphorylation by Itk with in silico modeling of multiple Itk signaling circuits and a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) based computational approach, we show that those in silico models which are most robust against variations of protein and lipid expression levels and kinetic rates at the single cell level share a cooperative-allosteric mode of Itk regulation by IP4 involving oligomeric Itk PH domains at the plasma membrane. This identifies MaxEnt as an excellent tool for quantifying robustness for complex TCR signaling circuits and provides testable predictions to further elucidate a controversial mechanism of PIP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Mukherjee
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Rigaud
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sang-Cheol Seok
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka Prochenka
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Dworkin
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Veronica J. Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Karsten Sauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KS); (JD)
| | - Jayajit Das
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KS); (JD)
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27
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Pouillon V, Maréchal Y, Frippiat C, Erneux C, Schurmans S. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb) controls survival, proliferation and cytokine production in mouse peripheral T cells. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 53:39-50. [PMID: 22981169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mice genetically-deficient for the B isoform of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (or Itpkb) have a severe defect in thymocytes differentiation and thus lack peripheral T cells. In order to study the functional role of Itpkb in peripheral T cells, we constructed a new mouse where a transgene encoding mouse Itpkb is specifically and transiently expressed in thymocytes of Itpkb(-)(/)(-) mice. This allows a partial rescue of mature thymocyte/T cell differentiation and thus the functional characterization of peripheral T cells lacking Itpkb. We show here that Itpkb(-)(/)(-) CD4(+) and CD8(+) peripheral T cells present important functional alterations. Indeed, an increased activated/memory phenotype as well as a decreased proliferative capacity and survival were detected in these T cells. These Itpkb-deficient peripheral T cells have also an increased capacity to secrete cytokines upon stimulation. Together, our present results define the important role of Itpkb in peripheral mature T cell fate and function in mouse, suggesting a potential role for Itpkb in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pouillon
- Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Belgium
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28
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have important functions in cancer immunosurveillance, BM allograft rejection, fighting infections, tissue homeostasis, and reproduction. NK cell-based therapies are promising treatments for blood cancers. Overcoming their currently limited efficacy requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling NK cell development and dampening their effector functions. NK cells recognize the loss of self-antigens or up-regulation of stress-induced ligands on pathogen-infected or tumor cells through invariant NK cell receptors (NKRs), and then kill such stressed cells. Two second-messenger pathways downstream of NKRs are required for NK cell maturation and effector responses: PIP(3) generation by PI3K and generation of diacylglycerol and IP(3) by phospholipase-Cγ (PLCγ). In the present study, we identify a novel role for the phosphorylated IP(3) metabolite inositol (1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (IP(4)) in NK cells. IP(4) promotes NK cell terminal differentiation and acquisition of a mature NKR repertoire. However, in mature NK cells, IP(4) limits NKR-induced IFNγ secretion, granule exocytosis, and target-cell killing, in part by inhibiting the PIP(3) effector-kinase Akt. This identifies IP(4) as an important novel regulator of NK cell development and function and expands our understanding of the therapeutically important mechanisms dampening NK cell responses. Our results further suggest that PI3K regulation by soluble IP(4) is a broadly important signaling paradigm.
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29
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Abstract
The inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate 3-kinases comprise a family of enzymes (A, B, and C) that phosphorylate the calcium mobilising molecule inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate (IP3) to generate inositol (1,3,4,5) tetrakisphosphate. This molecule can function as a second messenger, but its roles are not completely understood. The A isoform of inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate 3-kinase localises to filamentous actin within dendritic spines in the hippocampus and is implicated in the regulation of spine morphology and long term potentiation, however the mechanisms through which it signals in neuronal cells are not completely understood. We have used NGF driven neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells as a platform to examine the impact of signaling via inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate 3-kinase activity in a neuronal cell. We have found that the catalytic activity of the enzyme opposes neurite outgrowth, whilst pharmacological inhibition of inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate 3-kinase leads to a significant increase in neurite outgrowth, and we show that the reduction in neurite outgrowth in response to inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate 3-kinase activity correlates with reduced ERK activity as determined by western blotting using phosphorylation-specific antibodies. Our findings suggest a novel neuronal signaling pathway linking metabolism of IP3 to signaling via ERK.
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30
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Pitman JL, Bonnet DJ, Curtiss LK, Gekakis N. Reduced cholesterol and triglycerides in mice with a mutation in Mia2, a liver protein that localizes to ER exit sites. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1775-86. [PMID: 21807889 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m017277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Through forward genetic screening in the mouse, a recessive mutation (couch potato, cpto) has been discovered that dramatically reduces plasma cholesterol levels across all lipoprotein classes. The cpto mutation altered a highly conserved residue in the Src homology domain 3 (SH3) domain of the Mia2 protein. Full-length hepatic Mia2 structurally and functionally resembled the related Mia3 protein. Mia2 localized to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites, suggesting a role in guiding proteins from the ER to the Golgi. Similarly to the Mia3 protein, Mia2's cytosolic C terminus interacted directly with COPII proteins Sec23 and Sec24, whereas its lumenal SH3 domain may facilitate interactions with secretory cargo. Fractionation of plasma revealed that Mia2(cpto/cpto) mice had lower circulating VLDL, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Mia2 is thus a novel, hepatic, ER-to-Golgi trafficking protein that regulates cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Pitman
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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31
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Itk: the rheostat of the T cell response. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2011:297868. [PMID: 21747996 PMCID: PMC3116522 DOI: 10.1155/2011/297868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Itk plays a key role in TCR-initiated signaling that directly and significantly affects the regulation of PLCγ1 and the consequent mobilization of Ca2+. Itk also participates in the regulation of cytoskeletal reorganization as well as cellular adhesion, which is necessary for a productive T cell response. The functional cellular outcome of these molecular regulations by Itk renders it an important mediator of T cell development and differentiation. This paper encompasses the structure of Itk, the signaling parameters leading to Itk activation, and Itk effects on molecular pathways resulting in functional cellular outcomes. The incorporation of these factors persuades one to believe that Itk serves as a modulator, or rheostat, critically fine-tuning the T cell response.
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Abstract
Second messenger molecules relay, amplify, and diversify cell surface receptor signals. Two important examples are phosphorylated D-myo-inositol derivatives, such as phosphoinositide lipids within cellular membranes, and soluble inositol phosphates. Here, we review how phosphoinositide metabolism generates multiple second messengers with important roles in T-cell development and function. They include soluble inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate, long known for its Ca(2+)-mobilizing function, and phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate, whose generation by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and turnover by the phosphatases PTEN and SHIP control a key "hub" of TCR signaling. More recent studies unveiled important second messenger functions for diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and soluble inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (IP(4)) in immune cells. Inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate acts as a soluble phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate analog to control protein membrane recruitment. We propose that phosphoinositide lipids and soluble inositol phosphates (IPs) can act as complementary partners whose interplay could have broadly important roles in cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina H Huang
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Regulation of B cell survival, development and function by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:66-73. [PMID: 21035494 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, Ins(1,4,5)P3, the well known calcium mobilization messenger, is phosphorylated in the cytosol at the 3-position of the inositol ring to yield Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 by Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinases A, B and C isoforms as well as by inositol polyphosphate multikinase (Ipmk). Studies in gene-deficient mice have revealed that these enzymes and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, their reaction product, play essential role in multiple physiological processes, ranging from synaptic plasticity, hematopoietic cell survival, development and function, to mRNA export, transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodelling. Rather than to provide an unique and “universal” mechanism of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 action, these studies in genetically-modified mice point for a role of this inositide in the control of calcium mobilization, of the subcellular localisation of PH domain-containing target proteins, and of higher inositol phosphate production. Mice deficient for the B isoform of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (Itpkb) develop profound alterations in T and B cells as well as in neutrophils and mast cells. Our recent studies indicate that the 3-kinase Itpkb and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 are important for the survival of naïve mature B cells and the control of proapoptotic Bim protein expression, rather than for the control of B cell transition from one developmental stage to another. They also suggest that Itpkb is an important component in the control of B cell anergy.
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34
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Schell MJ. Inositol trisphosphate 3-kinases: focus on immune and neuronal signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1755-78. [PMID: 20066467 PMCID: PMC11115942 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The localized control of second messenger levels sculpts dynamic and persistent changes in cell physiology and structure. Inositol trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] 3-kinases (ITPKs) phosphorylate the intracellular second messenger Ins(1,4,5)P(3). These enzymes terminate the signal to release Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum and produce the messenger inositol tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4)]. Independent of their enzymatic activity, ITPKs regulate the microstructure of the actin cytoskeleton. The immune phenotypes of ITPK knockout mice raise new questions about how ITPKs control inositol phosphate lifetimes within spatial and temporal domains during lymphocyte maturation. The intense concentration of ITPK on actin inside the dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons suggests a role in signal integration and structural plasticity in the dendrite, and mice lacking neuronal ITPK exhibit memory deficits. Thus, the molecular and anatomical features of ITPKs allow them to regulate the spatiotemporal properties of intracellular signals, leading to the formation of persistent molecular memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Schell
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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35
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Matteucci C, Minutolo A, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Palamara AT, Rasi G, Mastino A, Garaci E. Transcription profile of human lymphocytes following in vitro treatment with thymosin alpha-1. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1194:6-19. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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36
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Maréchal Y, Quéant S, Polizzi S, Pouillon V, Schurmans S. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B controls survival and prevents anergy in B cells. Immunobiology 2010; 216:103-9. [PMID: 20452702 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (or Itpkb) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4), its reaction product, play an important role in the control of B lymphocyte fate and function in vivo. In order to investigate the fine mechanisms of Itpkb and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 action in B cells, we crossed Itpkb(-/-) mice with transgenic mice expressing a 3-83μδ B cell receptor (BCR) specific for membrane-bound MHC-I H2-K(b) and H2-K(k) molecules. On a non-deleting H2-K(d) genetic background, we show that Itpkb is important for the control of Bim protein expression and B cell survival rather than for the control of B cell development from one stage to another. Analyses of cell surface markers expression, proapoptotic Bim protein expression, in vitro survival and in vivo turnover demonstrated that BCR transgenic Itpkb(-/-) B cells exhibit an anergic phenotype with the notable exception of their enhanced antigen-induced calcium signalling. On a deleting H2-K(b) genetic background, we show that Itpkb is not essential for BCR editing or negative selection. These data establish Itpkb as an important regulator of B cell survival and anergy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Maréchal
- Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium.
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Sauer K, Cooke MP. Regulation of immune cell development through soluble inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:257-71. [PMID: 20336153 PMCID: PMC2922113 DOI: 10.1038/nri2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdInsP(3)) regulates membrane receptor signalling in many cells, including immunoreceptor signalling. Here, we review recent data that have indicated essential roles for the soluble PtdInsP(3) analogue inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (InsP(4)) in T cell, B cell and neutrophil development and function. Decreased InsP(4) production in leukocytes causes immunodeficiency in mice and might contribute to inflammatory vasculitis in Kawasaki disease in humans. InsP(4)-producing kinases could therefore provide attractive drug targets for inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Sauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is caused by both environmental and genetic factors. To better understand the genetic factors we used forward genetics to discover genes that have not previously been implicated in the development of hyperglycemia or diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Offspring of ethylnitrosurea-mutagenized C57BL/6 mice were bred to homozygosity, maintained on high-fat diet, and screened for hyperglycemia. The phenotype in one diabetic family of mice was mapped among hybrid F2s with single nucleotide polymorphic markers, followed by candidate gene sequencing to identify the gene harboring the causative mutation. Subsequent analysis was done on wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous mutant mice on a pure C57BL/6 background. RESULTS Diabetes mapped to a point mutation in the Sec61a1 gene that encodes a His to Tyr substitution at amino acid 344 (Y344H). Metabolic profiling, histological examination, and electron microscopy revealed that hyperglycemia was a result of insulin insufficiency due to beta-cell apoptosis brought on by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Transgenic beta-cell-specific expression of Sec61a1 in mutant mice rescued diabetes, beta-cell apoptosis, and ER stress. In vitro experiments showed that Sec61alpha1 plays a critical role in the beta-cell response to glucose. CONCLUSIONS Here we phenotypically characterize diabetes in mice with a novel point mutation in a basic component of the cell's ER protein translocation machinery, Sec61alpha1. Translocation by the mutant protein does not appear to be affected. Rather, ER homeostasis is perturbed leading to beta-cell death and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Lloyd
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California
- Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California
| | | | - Nicholas Gekakis
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
- Corresponding author: Nicholas Gekakis,
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Sauer K, Huang YH, Lin H, Sandberg M, Mayr GW. Phosphoinositide and inositol phosphate analysis in lymphocyte activation. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2009; Chapter 11:11.1.1-11.1.46. [PMID: 19918943 PMCID: PMC4500525 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1101s87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte antigen receptor engagement profoundly changes the cellular content of phosphoinositide lipids and soluble inositol phosphates. Among these, the phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) play key signaling roles by acting as pleckstrin homology (PH) domain ligands that recruit signaling proteins to the plasma membrane. Moreover, PIP2 acts as a precursor for the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol and soluble inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), essential mediators of PKC, Ras/Erk, and Ca2+ signaling in lymphocytes. IP3 phosphorylation by IP3 3-kinases generates inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4), an essential soluble regulator of PH domain binding to PIP3 in developing T cells. Besides PIP2, PIP3, IP3, and IP4, lymphocytes produce multiple other phosphoinositides and soluble inositol phosphates that could have important physiological functions. To aid their analysis, detailed protocols that allow one to simultaneously measure the levels of multiple different phosphoinositide or inositol phosphate isomers in lymphocytes are provided here. They are based on thin layer, conventional and high-performance liquid chromatographic separation methods followed by radiolabeling or non-radioactive metal-dye detection. Finally, less broadly applicable non-chromatographic methods for detection of specific phosphoinositide or inositol phosphate isomers are discussed. Support protocols describe how to obtain pure unstimulated CD4+CD8+ thymocyte populations for analyses of inositol phosphate turnover during positive and negative selection, key steps in T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Sauer
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Hongying Lin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark Sandberg
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California
| | - Georg W Mayr
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Miller AT, Beisner DR, Liu D, Cooke MP. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B is a negative regulator of BCR signaling that controls B cell selection and tolerance induction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:4696-704. [PMID: 19342645 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (or Itpkb) converts inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate upon Ag receptor activation and controls the fate and function of lymphocytes. To determine the role of Itpkb in B cell tolerance, Itpkb(-/-) mice were crossed to transgenic mice that express a BCR specific for hen egg lysozyme (IgHEL). B cells from Itpkb(-/-) IgHEL mice possess an anergic phenotype, hypoproliferate in response to cognate Ag, and yet they exhibit enhanced Ag-induced calcium signaling. In IgHEL transgenic mice that also express soluble HEL, lack of Itpkb converts anergy induction to deletion. These data establish Itpkb as a negative regulator of BCR signaling that controls the fate of developing B cells and tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Miller
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase-A overexpression induces cytoskeletal reorganization via a kinase-independent mechanism. Biochem J 2008; 414:407-17. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, effects of increased IP3K-A [Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase-A] expression were analysed. H1299 cells overexpressing IP3K-A formed branching protrusions, and under three-dimensional culture conditions, they exhibited a motile fibroblast-like morphology. They lost the ability to form actin stress fibres and showed increased invasive migration in vitro. Furthermore, expression levels of the mesenchymal marker proteins vimentin and N-cadherin were increased. The enzymatic function of IP3K-A is to phosphorylate the calcium-mobilizing second messenger Ins(1,4,5)P3 to (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Accordingly, cells overexpressing IP3K-A showed reduced calcium release and altered concentrations of InsPs, with decreasing concentrations of Ins(1,4,5)P3, InsP6 and Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5, and increasing concentrations of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. However, IP3K-A-induced effects on cell morphology do not seem to be dependent on enzyme activity, since a protein devoid of enzyme activity also induced the formation of branching protrusions. Therefore we propose that the morphological changes induced by IP3K-A are mediated by non-enzymatic activities of the protein.
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Huang YH, Hoebe K, Sauer K. New therapeutic targets in immune disorders: ItpkB, Orai1 and UNC93B. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:391-413. [PMID: 18348677 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.4.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequencing of the murine and human genomes has enabled large-scale functional genomics approaches to target identification. This holds the promise of drastically accelerating target discovery. Moreover, by providing an initial validation coincident with target identification, cell based cDNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens and in particular genome-wide in vivo approaches, including forward or reverse genetics and analyses of natural gene polymorphisms, can move the relatively late step of target validation to the beginning of the process, reducing the risk of pursuing targets with little in vivo relevance. OBJECTIVE We critically discuss the value of combining functional genomics with traditional approaches for accelerating target identification and validation. METHODS We evaluate the potentials of inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate 3-kinase B (ItpkB), Orai1 and UNC93B, three particularly interesting proteins that were recently identified through functional genomics, as targets in immune disorders. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Combining functional genomics with traditional approaches can accelerate target discovery and validation, but requires a follow-up platform that integrates and analyzes all relevant data for assessment of the clinical potential of the growing number of novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina H Huang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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43
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Jia Y, Loison F, Hattori H, Li Y, Erneux C, Park SY, Gao C, Chai L, Silberstein LE, Schurmans S, Luo HR. Inositol trisphosphate 3-kinase B (InsP3KB) as a physiological modulator of myelopoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:4739-44. [PMID: 18339802 PMCID: PMC2290809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800218105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol trisphosphate 3-kinase B (InsP3KB) belongs to a family of kinases that convert inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3 or IP3) to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4). Previous studies have shown that disruption of InsP3KB leads to impaired T cell and B cell development as well as hyperactivation of neutrophils. Here, we demonstrate that InsP3KB is also a physiological modulator of myelopoiesis. The InsP3KB gene is expressed in all hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell populations. In InsP3KB null mice, the bone marrow granulocyte monocyte progenitor (GMP) population was expanded, and GMP cells proliferated significantly faster. Consequently, neutrophil production in the bone marrow was enhanced, and the peripheral blood neutrophil count was also substantially elevated in these mice. These effects might be due to enhancement of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/Akt signaling in the InsP3KB null cells. Phosphorylation of cell cycle-inhibitory protein p21(cip1), one of the downstream targets of Akt, was augmented, which can lead to the suppression of the cell cycle-inhibitory effect of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Jia
- *Department of Pathology
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Fabien Loison
- *Department of Pathology
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Hidenori Hattori
- *Department of Pathology
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Yitang Li
- *Department of Pathology
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue desProfesseurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Shin-Young Park
- *Department of Pathology
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Chong Gao
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Li Chai
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Leslie E. Silberstein
- *Department of Pathology
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Stephane Schurmans
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue desProfesseurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Hongbo R. Luo
- *Department of Pathology
- Dana–Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
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Jia Y, Subramanian KK, Erneux C, Pouillon V, Hattori H, Jo H, You J, Zhu D, Schurmans S, Luo HR. Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate negatively regulates phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5- trisphosphate signaling in neutrophils. Immunity 2007; 27:453-67. [PMID: 17825589 PMCID: PMC2084373 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Many neutrophil functions are regulated by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) that mediates protein membrane translocation via binding to pleckstrin homolog (PH) domains within target proteins. Here we show that inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4), a cytosolic small molecule, bound the same PH domain of target proteins and competed for binding to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. In neutrophils, chemoattractant stimulation triggered rapid elevation in Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 concentration. Depletion of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 by deleting the gene encoding InsP3KB, which converts Ins(1,4,5)P3 to Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, enhanced membrane translocation of the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-specific PH domain. This led to enhanced sensitivity to chemoattractant stimulation, elevated superoxide production, and enhanced neutrophil recruitment to inflamed peritoneal cavity. On the contrary, augmentation of intracellular Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 concentration blocked PH domain-mediated membrane translocation of target proteins and dramatically decreased the sensitivity of neutrophils to chemoattractant stimulation. These findings establish a role for Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in cellular signal transduction pathways and provide another mechanism for modulating PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 signaling in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Jia
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Karp Family Research Building, Room 10214, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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45
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Maréchal Y, Pesesse X, Jia Y, Pouillon V, Pérez-Morga D, Daniel J, Izui S, Cullen PJ, Leo O, Luo HR, Erneux C, Schurmans S. Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate controls proapoptotic Bim gene expression and survival in B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13978-83. [PMID: 17709751 PMCID: PMC1955816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0704312104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the B isoform of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] 3-kinase (or Itpkb) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4)], its reaction product, to B cell function and development remains unknown. Here, we show that mice deficient in Itpkb have defects in B cell survival leading to specific and intrinsic developmental alterations in the B cell lineage and antigen unresponsiveness in vivo. The decreased B cell survival is associated with a decreased phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and increased Bim gene expression. B cell survival, development, and antigen responsiveness are normalized in parallel to reduced expression of Bim in Itpkb(-/-) Bim(+/-) mice. Analysis of the signaling pathway downstream of Itpkb revealed that Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) regulates subcellular distribution of Rasa3, a Ras GTPase-activating protein acting as an Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) receptor. Together, our results indicate that Itpkb and Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) mediate a survival signal in B cells via a Rasa3-Erk signaling pathway controlling proapoptotic Bim gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Maréchal
- *Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoires de
| | - Xavier Pesesse
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Campus Erasme, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Yonghui Jia
- Department of Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Valérie Pouillon
- *Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoires de
| | | | - Julien Daniel
- Physiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Faculté de Médecine, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; and
| | - Peter J. Cullen
- **Henry Wellcome Integrated Signaling Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Physiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Hongbo R. Luo
- Department of Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Campus Erasme, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- *Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoires de
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Ng L, Pathak S, Kuan C, Lau C, Dong HW, Sodt A, Dang C, Avants B, Yushkevich P, Gee J, Haynor D, Lein E, Jones A, Hawrylycz M. Neuroinformatics for genome-wide 3D gene expression mapping in the mouse brain. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2007; 4:382-393. [PMID: 17666758 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2007.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Large scale gene expression studies in the mammalian brain offer the promise of understanding the topology, networks and ultimately the function of its complex anatomy, opening previously unexplored avenues in neuroscience. High-throughput methods permit genome-wide searches to discover genes that are uniquely expressed in brain circuits and regions that control behavior. Previous gene expression mapping studies in model organisms have employed situ hybridization (ISH), a technique that uses labeled nucleic acid probes to bind to specific mRNA transcripts in tissue sections. A key requirement for this effort is the development of fast and robust algorithms for anatomically mapping and quantifying gene expression for ISH. We describe a neuroinformatics pipeline for automatically mapping expression profiles of ISH data and its use to produce the first genomic scale 3-D mapping of gene expression in a mammalian brain. The pipeline is fully automated and adaptable to other organisms and tissues. Our automated study of over 20,000 genes indicates that at least 78.8 percent are expressed at some level in the adult C56BL/6J mouse brain. In addition to providing a platform for genomic scale search, high-resolution images and visualization tools for expression analysis are available at the Allen Brain Atlas web site (http://www.brain-map.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Irvine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
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48
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Miller AT, Sandberg M, Huang YH, Young M, Sutton S, Sauer K, Cooke MP. Production of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 mediated by the kinase Itpkb inhibits store-operated calcium channels and regulates B cell selection and activation. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:514-21. [PMID: 17417640 DOI: 10.1038/ni1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antigen receptor-mediated production of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) in lymphocytes triggers the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores; this release of Ca2+ results in the opening of store-operated Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. Here we report that mice lacking Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase B (Itpkb), which converts Ins(1,4,5)P3 to inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4), had impaired B lymphocyte development and defective immunoglobulin G3 antibody responses to a T lymphocyte-independent antigen. Itpkb-deficient B lymphocytes had the phenotypic and functional features of tolerant B lymphocytes and showed enhanced activity of store-operated Ca2+ channels after B lymphocyte receptor stimulation, which was reversed by the provision of exogenous Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Our data identify Itpkb and its product Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 as inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels and crucial regulators of B cell selection and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Miller
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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49
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Huang YH, Grasis JA, Miller AT, Xu R, Soonthornvacharin S, Andreotti AH, Tsoukas CD, Cooke MP, Sauer K. Positive regulation of Itk PH domain function by soluble IP4. Science 2007; 316:886-9. [PMID: 17412921 DOI: 10.1126/science.1138684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-mediated protein recruitment to cellular membranes is of paramount importance for signal transduction. The recruitment of many PH domains is controlled through production and turnover of their membrane ligand, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). We show that phosphorylation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) into inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4) establishes another mode of PH domain regulation through a soluble ligand. At physiological concentrations, IP4 promoted PH domain binding to PIP3. In primary mouse CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, this was required for full activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Itk after T cell receptor engagement. Our data suggest that IP4 establishes a feedback loop of phospholipase C-gamma1 activation through Itk that is essential for T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina H Huang
- Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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50
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Lloyd-Burton SM, Yu JCH, Irvine RF, Schell MJ. Regulation of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Kinases by Calcium and Localization in Cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:9526-9535. [PMID: 17284449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610253200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P(3)) 3-kinases (IP(3)Ks) are a group of calmodulin-regulated inositol polyphosphate kinases (IPKs) that convert the second messenger Ins(1,4,5)P(3) into inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. However, what they contribute to the complexities of Ca(2+) signaling, and how, is still not fully understood. In this study, we have used a simple Ca(2+) imaging assay to compare the abilities of various Ins (1,4,5)P(3)-metabolizing enzymes to regulate a maximal histamine-stimulated Ca(2+) signal in HeLa cells. Using transient transfection, we overexpressed green fluorescent protein-tagged versions of all three mammalian IP(3)K isoforms, including mutants with disrupted cellular localization or calmodulin regulation, and then imaged the Ca(2+) release stimulated by 100 microm histamine. Both localization to the F-actin cytoskeleton and calmodulin regulation enhance the efficiency of mammalian IP(3)Ks to dampen the Ins (1,4,5)P(3)-mediated Ca(2+) signals. We also compared the effects of the these IP(3)Ks with other enzymes that metabolize Ins(1,4,5)P(3), including the Type I Ins(1,4,5)P(3) 5-phosphatase, in both membrane-targeted and soluble forms, the human inositol polyphosphate multikinase, and the two isoforms of IP(3)K found in Drosophila. All reduce the Ca(2+) signal but to varying degrees. We demonstrate that the activity of only one of two IP(3)K isoforms from Drosophila is positively regulated by calmodulin and that neither isoform associates with the cytoskeleton. Together the data suggest that IP(3)Ks evolved to regulate kinetic and spatial aspects of Ins (1,4,5)P(3) signals in increasingly complex ways in vertebrates, consistent with their probable roles in the regulation of higher brain and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Lloyd-Burton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Jowie C H Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Robin F Irvine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael J Schell
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
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