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Bansal Y, Codeluppi SA, Banasr M. Astroglial Dysfunctions in Mood Disorders and Rodent Stress Models: Consequences on Behavior and Potential as Treatment Target. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6357. [PMID: 38928062 PMCID: PMC11204179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte dysfunctions have been consistently observed in patients affected with depression and other psychiatric illnesses. Although over the years our understanding of these changes, their origin, and their consequences on behavior and neuronal function has deepened, many aspects of the role of astroglial dysfunction in major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remain unknown. In this review, we summarize the known astroglial dysfunctions associated with MDD and PTSD, highlight the impact of chronic stress on specific astroglial functions, and how astroglial dysfunctions are implicated in the expression of depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, focusing on behavioral consequences of astroglial manipulation on emotion-related and fear-learning behaviors. We also offer a glance at potential astroglial functions that can be targeted for potential antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bansal
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sierra A. Codeluppi
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2J 4A6, Canada
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Inan S, Meissler JJ, Shekarabi A, Foss J, Wiah S, Eisenstein TK, Rawls SM. Cyanidin prevents MDPV withdrawal-induced anxiety-like effects and dysregulation of cytokine systems in rats. Brain Res 2023; 1806:148310. [PMID: 36871847 PMCID: PMC10190163 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychostimulant exposure and withdrawal cause neuroimmune dysregulation and anxiety that contributes to dependence and relapse. Here, we tested the hypothesis that withdrawal from the synthetic cathinone MDPV (methylenedioxypyrovalerone) produces anxiety-like effects and enhanced levels of mesocorticolimbic cytokines that are inhibited by cyanidin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid and nonselective blocker of IL-17A signaling. For comparison, we tested effects on glutamate transporter systems that are also dysregulated during psychostimulant free period. Rats injected for 9 d with MDPV (1 mg/kg, IP) or saline were pretreated daily with cyanidin (0.5 mg/kg, IP) or saline, followed by behavioral testing on the elevated zero maze (EZM) 72 h after the last MDPV injection. MDPV withdrawal caused a reduction in time spent on the open arm of the EZM that was prevented by cyanidin. Cyanidin itself did not affect locomotor activity or time spent on the open arm, or cause aversive or rewarding effects in place preference experiments. MDPV withdrawal caused enhancement of cytokine levels (IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF=α, IL-10, and CCL2) in the ventral tegmental area, but not amygdala, nucleus accumbens, or prefrontal cortex, that was prevented by cyanidin. During MDPV withdrawal, mRNA levels of glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) in the amygdala were also elevated but normalized by cyanidin treatment. These results show that MDPV withdrawal induced anxiety, and brain-region specific dysregulation of cytokine and glutamate systems, that are both prevented by cyanidin, thus identifying cyanidin for further investigation in the context of psychostimulant dependence and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadet Inan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Joseph J Meissler
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aryan Shekarabi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Foss
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sonita Wiah
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toby K Eisenstein
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Riluzole prevents stress-induced spine plasticity in the hippocampus but mimics it in the amygdala. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 18:100442. [PMID: 35330860 PMCID: PMC8938913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress elicits divergent patterns of structural plasticity in the amygdala and hippocampus. Despite these contrasting effects, at least one of the immediate consequences of stress – elevated levels of extracellular glutamate – is similar in both brain areas. This raises the possibility that the contrasting effects of stress on neuronal plasticity is shaped by differences in astrocytic glutamate clearance in these two brain areas. Although astrocytes play a key role in glutamate reuptake, past analyses of, and interventions against, stress-induced plasticity have focused largely on neurons. Hence, we tested the impact of riluzole, which potentiates glutamate clearance by astrocytic glutamate transporters, on principal neurons and astrocytes in the basal amygdala (BA) and hippocampal area CA1. Chronic immobilization stress reduced spine-density on CA1 pyramidal neurons of male rats. Riluzole, administered in the drinking water during chronic stress, prevented this decrease; but, the drug by itself had no effect. In contrast, the same chronic stress enhanced spine-density on BA principal neurons, and this effect, unlike area CA1, was not reversed by riluzole. Strikingly, riluzole treatment alone also caused spinogenesis in the BA. Thus, the same riluzole treatment that prevented the effect of stress on spines in the hippocampus, mimicked its effect in the amygdala. Further, chronic stress and riluzole alone decreased the neuropil volume occupied by astrocytes in both the BA and CA1 area. Riluzole treatment in stressed animals, however, did not reverse or further add to this reduction in either region. Thus, while the effects on astrocytes were similar, neuronal changes were distinct between the two areas following stress, riluzole and the two together. Therefore, similar to the impact of repeated stress, pharmacological potentiation of glutamate clearance, with or without stress, also leads to differential effects on dendritic spines in principal neurons of the amygdala and hippocampus. This highlights differences in the astrocytic glutamate reuptake machinery that are likely to have important functional consequences for stress-induced dysfunction, and its reversal, in two brain areas implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Dolotov OV, Inozemtseva LS, Myasoedov NF, Grivennikov IA. Stress-Induced Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4999. [PMID: 35563389 PMCID: PMC9104432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and depression are multifactorial disorders with a complex and poorly understood physiopathology. Astrocytes play a key role in the functioning of neurons in norm and pathology. Stress is an important factor for the development of brain disorders. Here, we review data on the effects of stress on astrocyte function and evidence of the involvement of astrocyte dysfunction in depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Stressful life events are an important risk factor for depression; meanwhile, depression is an important risk factor for AD. Clinical data indicate atrophic changes in the same areas of the brain, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), in both pathologies. These brain regions play a key role in regulating the stress response and are most vulnerable to the action of glucocorticoids. PFC astrocytes are critically involved in the development of depression. Stress alters astrocyte function and can result in pyroptotic death of not only neurons, but also astrocytes. BDNF-TrkB system not only plays a key role in depression and in normalizing the stress response, but also appears to be an important factor in the functioning of astrocytes. Astrocytes, being a target for stress and glucocorticoids, are a promising target for the treatment of stress-dependent depression and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Dolotov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.D.); (L.S.I.); (N.F.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila S. Inozemtseva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.D.); (L.S.I.); (N.F.M.)
| | - Nikolay F. Myasoedov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.D.); (L.S.I.); (N.F.M.)
| | - Igor A. Grivennikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.D.); (L.S.I.); (N.F.M.)
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Avalos MP, Guzman AS, Rigoni D, Gorostiza EA, Sanchez MA, Mongi-Bragato B, Garcia-Keller C, Perassi EM, Virgolini MB, Peralta Ramos JM, Iribarren P, Calfa GD, Bollati FA, Cancela LM. Minocycline prevents chronic restraint stress-induced vulnerability to developing cocaine self-administration and associated glutamatergic mechanisms: a potential role of microglia. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:359-376. [PMID: 35065197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful experience-induced cocaine-related behaviors are associated with a significant impairment of glutamatergic mechanisms in the Nucleus Accumbens core (NAcore). The hallmarks of disrupted glutamate homeostasis following restraint stress are the enduring imbalance of glutamate efflux after a cocaine stimulus and increased basal concentrations of extracellular glutamate attributed to GLT-1 downregulation in the NAcore. Glutamate transmission is tightly linked to microglia functioning. However, the role of microglia in the biological basis of stress-induced addictive behaviors is still unknown. By using minocycline, a potent inhibitor of microglia activation with anti-inflammatory properties, we determined whether microglia could aid chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced glutamate homeostasis disruption in the NAcore, underpinning stress-induced cocaine self-administration. In this study, adult male rats were restrained for 2 h/day for seven days (day 1-7). From day 16 until completing the experimental protocol, animals received a vehicle or minocycline treatment (30 mg/Kg/12h i.p.). On day 21, animals were assigned to microscopic, biochemical, neurochemical or behavioral studies. We confirm that the CRS-induced facilitation of cocaine self-administration is associated with enduring GLT-1 downregulation, an increase of basal extracellular glutamate and postsynaptic structural plasticity in the NAcore. These alterations were strongly related to the CRS-induced reactive microglia and increased TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, since by administering minocycline, the impaired glutamate homeostasis and the facilitation of cocaine self-administration were prevented. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that minocycline suppresses the CRS-induced facilitation of cocaine self-administration and glutamate homeostasis disruption in the NAcore. A role of microglia is proposed for the development of glutamatergic mechanisms underpinning stress-induced vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Avalos
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Susana Guzman
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daiana Rigoni
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Axel Gorostiza
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marianela Adela Sanchez
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bethania Mongi-Bragato
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Garcia-Keller
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Marcelo Perassi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam Beatriz Virgolini
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier María Peralta Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Iribarren
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón Diego Calfa
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Flavia Andrea Bollati
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Liliana Marina Cancela
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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6
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Zan GY, Wang YJ, Li XP, Fang JF, Yao SY, Du JY, Wang Q, Sun X, Liu R, Shao XM, Long JD, Chai JR, Deng YZ, Chen YQ, Li QL, Fang JQ, Liu ZQ, Liu JG. Amygdalar κ-opioid receptor-dependent upregulating glutamate transporter 1 mediates depressive-like behaviors of opioid abstinence. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109913. [PMID: 34731618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opiates produce a strong rewarding effect, but abstinence from opiate use emerges with severe negative emotions. Depression is one of the most frequent emotion disorders associated with opiate abstinence, which is thought to be a main cause for relapse. However, neurobiological bases of such an aversive emotion processing are poorly understood. Here, we find that morphine abstinence activates κ-opioid receptors (KORs) by increasing endogenous KOR ligand dynorphin expression in the amygdala, which in turn facilitates glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) expression by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Upregulation of GLT1 expression contributes to opiate-abstinence-elicited depressive-like behaviors through modulating amygdalar glutamatergic inputs to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Intra-amygdala injection of GLT1 inhibitor DHK or knockdown of GLT1 expression in the amygdala significantly suppresses morphine-abstinence-induced depressive-like behaviors. Pharmacological and pharmacogenetic activation of amygdala-NAc projections prevents morphine-abstinence-induced behaviors. Overall, our study provides key molecular and circuit insights into the mechanisms of depression associated with opiate abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ying Zan
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xue-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Song-Yu Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jian-Dong Long
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-Rui Chai
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye-Qing Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qing-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jing-Gen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Akther S, Hirase H. Assessment of astrocytes as a mediator of memory and learning in rodents. Glia 2021; 70:1484-1505. [PMID: 34582594 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The classical view of astrocytes is that they provide supportive functions for neurons, transporting metabolites and maintaining the homeostasis of the extracellular milieu. This view is gradually changing with the advent of molecular genetics and optical methods allowing interrogation of selected cell types in live experimental animals. An emerging view that astrocytes additionally act as a mediator of synaptic plasticity and contribute to learning processes has gained in vitro and in vivo experimental support. Here we focus on the literature published in the past two decades to review the roles of astrocytes in brain plasticity in rodents, whereby the roles of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are considered to be comparable to those in humans. We outline established inputs and outputs of astrocytes and discuss how manipulations of astrocytes have impacted the behavior in various learning paradigms. Multiple studies suggest that the contribution of astrocytes has a considerably longer time course than neuronal activation, indicating metabolic roles of astrocytes. We advocate that exploring upstream and downstream mechanisms of astrocytic activation will further provide insight into brain plasticity and memory/learning impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Akther
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Chu SF, Zhang Z, Zhou X, He WB, Yang B, Cui LY, He HY, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. Low corticosterone levels attenuate late life depression and enhance glutamatergic neurotransmission in female rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:848-860. [PMID: 33028984 PMCID: PMC8149629 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained elevation of corticosterone (CORT) is one of the common causes of aging and major depression disorder. However, the role of elevated CORT in late life depression (LLD) has not been elucidated. In this study, 18-month-old female rats were subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy or sham surgery. Their CORT levels in plasma were adjusted by CORT replacement and the rats were divided into high-level CORT (H-CORT), low-level CORT (L-CORT), and Sham group. We showed that L-CORT rats displayed attenuated depressive symptoms and memory defects in behavioral tests as compared with Sham or H-CORT rats. Furthermore, we showed that glutamatergic transmission was enhanced in L-CORT rats, evidenced by enhanced population spike amplitude (PSA) recorded from the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in vivo and increased glutamate release from hippocampal synaptosomes caused by high frequency stimulation or CORT exposure. Intracerebroventricular injection of an enzymatic glutamate scavenger system, glutamic-pyruvic transmine (GPT, 1 μM), significantly increased the PSA in Sham rats, suggesting that extracelluar accumulation of glutamate might be the culprit of impaired glutamatergic transmission, which was dependent on the uptake by Glt-1 in astrocytes. We revealed that hippocampal Glt-1 expression level in the L-CORT rats was much higher than in Sham and H-CORT rats. In a gradient neuron-astrocyte coculture, we found that the expression of Glt-1 was decreased with the increase of neural percentage, suggesting that impairment of Glt-1 might result from the high level of CORT contributed neural damage. In sham rats, administration of DHK that inhibited Glt-1 activity induced significant LLD symptoms, whereas administration of RIL that promoted glutamate uptake significantly attenuated LLD. All of these results suggest that glutamatergic transmission impairment is one of important pathogenesis in LLD induced by high level of CORT, which provide promising clues for the treatment of LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wen-Bin He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Li-Yuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Yuan He
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Xie YH, Zhou CN, Liang X, Tang J, Yang CM, Luo YM, Chao FL, Jiang L, Wang J, Qi YQ, Zhu PL, Li Y, Xiao K, Tang Y. Anti-Lingo-1 antibody ameliorates spatial memory and synapse loss induced by chronic stress. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:1571-1583. [PMID: 32965038 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress can induce cognitive impairment, and synapse number was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of rats suffering from chronic stress. Lingo-1 is a potent negative regulator of axonal outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. In the current study, the effects of anti-Lingo-1 antibody on the spatial learning and memory abilities and hippocampal synapses of stressed rats were investigated. After 4 weeks of stress exposure, the model group was randomly divided into a chronic stress group and an anti-Lingo-1 group. Then, the anti-Lingo-1 group rats were treated with anti-Lingo-1 antibody (8 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. The effects of anti-Lingo-1 antibody on the spatial learning and memory abilities were investigated with the Morris water maze test. Immunohistological staining and an unbiased stereological method were used to estimate the total number of dendritic spine synapses in the hippocampus. At the behavioral level, after 3 weeks of treatment, the anti-Lingo-1 group rats displayed significantly more platform location crossings in the Morris water maze test than the chronic stress group rats. Anti-Lingo-1 significantly prevented the declines in dendritic spine synapses and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) expression in the dentate gyrus and the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. The present results indicated that anti-Lingo-1 antibody may be a safe and effective drug for alleviating memory impairment in rats after chronic stress and protecting synapses in the hippocampus of stressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ni Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Mao Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Min Luo
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Chao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Qiang Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Lin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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10
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Tianeptine Enhances Energy-related Processes in the Hippocampal Non-synaptic Mitochondria in a Rat Model of Depression. Neuroscience 2020; 451:111-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Colizzi M, Weltens N, Lythgoe DJ, Williams SC, Van Oudenhove L, Bhattacharyya S. Differential sensitivity to the acute psychotomimetic effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol associated with its differential acute effects on glial function and cortisol. Psychol Med 2020; 52:1-8. [PMID: 33107418 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use has been associated with psychosis through exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), its key psychoactive ingredient. Although preclinical and human evidence suggests that Δ9-THC acutely modulates glial function and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, whether differential sensitivity to the acute psychotomimetic effects of Δ9-THC is associated with differential effects of Δ9-THC on glial function and HPA-axis response has never been tested. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated whether sensitivity to the psychotomimetic effects of Δ9-THC moderates the acute effects of a single Δ9-THC dose (1.19 mg/2 ml) on myo-inositol levels, a surrogate marker of glia, in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC), and circadian cortisol levels, the key neuroendocrine marker of the HPA-axis, in a set of 16 healthy participants (seven males) with modest previous cannabis exposure. RESULTS The Δ9-THC-induced change in ACC myo-inositol levels differed significantly between those sensitive to (Δ9-THC minus placebo; M = -0.251, s.d. = 1.242) and those not sensitive (M = 1.615, s.d. = 1.753) to the psychotomimetic effects of the drug (t(14) = 2.459, p = 0.028). Further, the Δ9-THC-induced change in cortisol levels over the study period (baseline minus 2.5 h post-drug injection) differed significantly between those sensitive to (Δ9-THC minus placebo; M = -275.4, s.d. = 207.519) and those not sensitive (M = 74.2, s.d. = 209.281) to the psychotomimetic effects of the drug (t(13) = 3.068, p = 0.009). Specifically, Δ9-THC exposure lowered ACC myo-inositol levels and disrupted the physiological diurnal cortisol decrease only in those subjects developing transient psychosis-like symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The interindividual differences in transient psychosis-like effects of Δ9-THC are the result of its differential impact on glial function and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colizzi
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Nathalie Weltens
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - David J Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Steve Cr Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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12
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Stress gates an astrocytic energy reservoir to impair synaptic plasticity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2014. [PMID: 32332733 PMCID: PMC7181611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes support the energy demands of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Enduring changes in synaptic efficacy are highly sensitive to stress, yet whether changes to astrocyte bioenergetic control of synapses contributes to stress-impaired plasticity is unclear. Here we show in mice that stress constrains the shuttling of glucose and lactate through astrocyte networks, creating a barrier for neuronal access to an astrocytic energy reservoir in the hippocampus and neocortex, compromising long-term potentiation. Impairing astrocytic delivery of energy substrates by reducing astrocyte gap junction coupling with dominant negative connexin 43 or by disrupting lactate efflux was sufficient to mimic the effects of stress on long-term potentiation. Furthermore, direct restoration of the astrocyte lactate supply alone rescued stress-impaired synaptic plasticity, which was blocked by inhibiting neural lactate uptake. This gating of synaptic plasticity in stress by astrocytic metabolic networks indicates a broader role of astrocyte bioenergetics in determining how experience-dependent information is controlled. Enduring changes in synaptic efficacy are highly sensitive to stress. Here, the authors show that astrocytic delivery of metabolites has an important role in the stress-mediated impairment of synaptic plasticity.
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13
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Macht V, Woodruff J, Burzynski H, Grillo C, Reagan L, Fadel J. Interactions between pyridostigmine bromide and stress on glutamatergic neurochemistry: Insights from a rat model of Gulf War Illness. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 12:100210. [PMID: 32258255 PMCID: PMC7109514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) was administered to soldiers during the first Gulf War as a prophylactic treatment to protect against toxicity in the event of exposure to nerve agents. Although originally thought to pose minimal risk to soldiers, epidemiological studies have since correlated PB administration with the development of a variety of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, termed Gulf War Illness (GWI). We previously demonstrated in a rodent model of GWI that central cholinergic responses were altered to various stimuli. In the current study we used in vivo microdialysis to examine how combinations of PB and repeated restraint stress (RRS) altered extracellular glutamate levels in response to an innate immune challenge (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) and an immobilization stress challenge in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. There were four groups in this study: vehicle non-stressed control (Veh-NSC), vehicle-stressed (Veh-RRS), PB-NSC, and PB-RRS. While LPS decreased glutamate levels in PB-treated rats relative to vehicle-treated rats in the PFC, PB and stress interacted to attenuate LPS-induced decreases in hippocampal glutamate levels. Although immobilization stress increased glutamate in the PFC, glutamate levels in PB-NSC rats failed to recover in the post-stress period relative to vehicle-treated rats. In the hippocampus, PB-stressed rats failed to exhibit habituation of the glutamate response to immobilization stress relative to vehicle-stressed rats. Collectively, these results indicate that PB and stress interacted to produce brain-region specific effects on glutamate neurochemistry, providing insight into the potential mechanisms underlying interactions between the immune system and persistent cognitive dysfunction in veterans with GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.A. Macht
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - J.L. Woodruff
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - H.E. Burzynski
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - C.A. Grillo
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - L.P. Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - J.R. Fadel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, D11, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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14
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Pyridostigmine bromide and stress interact to impact immune function, cholinergic neurochemistry and behavior in a rat model of Gulf War Illness. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:384-393. [PMID: 30953774 PMCID: PMC6790976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is characterized by a constellation of symptoms that includes cognitive dysfunction. While the causes for GWI remain unknown, prophylactic use of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pyridostigmine bromide (PB) in combination with the stress of deployment has been proposed to be among the causes of the cognitive dysfunction in GWI. Mechanistically, clinical studies suggest that altered immune function may be an underlying factor in the neurochemical and neurobehavioral complications of GWI. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to determine how responses to an immune challenge (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) or stress impacts inflammation, acetylcholine (ACh) neurochemistry and behavior in an experimental model of GWI. Rats with a history of PB treatment exhibited potentiated increases in C-reactive protein levels in response to a submaximal LPS challenge compared to control rats, indicating that prior treatment with this cholinesterase inhibitor leads to exacerbated inflammatory responses to a subsequent immune challenge. ACh responses to LPS administration were decreased in the hippocampus, but not prefrontal cortex (PFC), in rats with a prior history of PB treatment or stress exposure. Additionally, ACh release in response to acute immobilization stress was attenuated in the PFC and hippocampus in these groups. These attenuated cholinergic responses were accompanied by impairments in contextual and cue-based fear learning. The results of this study suggest that stress and LPS challenges adversely affect central ACh neurochemistry in a rodent model of GWI and support the hypothesis that dysregulated immune responses are mechanistically linked to the neurological complications of GWI.
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15
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Blacker CJ, Millischer V, Webb LM, Ho AMC, Schalling M, Frye MA, Veldic M. EAAT2 as a Research Target in Bipolar Disorder and Unipolar Depression: A Systematic Review. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 5:44-59. [PMID: 32399469 DOI: 10.1159/000501885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is implicated in the neuropathology of both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is the major glutamate transporter in the mammalian brain, removing glutamate from the synaptic cleft and transporting it into glia for recycling. It is thereby the principal regulator of extracellular glutamate levels and prevents neuronal excitotoxicity. EAAT2 is a promising target for elucidating the mechanisms by which the glutamate-glutamine cycle interacts with neuronal systems in mood disorders. Forty EAAT2 studies (published January 1992-January 2018) were identified via a systematic literature search. The studies demonstrated that chronic stress/steroids were most commonly associated with decreased EAAT2. In rodents, EAAT2 inhibition worsened depressive behaviors. Human EAAT2 expression usually decreased in depression, with some regional brain differences. Fewer data have been collected regarding the roles and regulation of EAAT2 in bipolar disorder. Future directions for research include correlating EAAT2 and glutamate levels in vivo, elucidating genetic variability and epigenetic regulation, clarifying intracellular protein and pharmacologic interactions, and examining EAAT2 in different bipolar mood states. As part of a macromolecular complex within glia, EAAT2 may contribute significantly to intracellular signaling, energy regulation, and cellular homeostasis. An enhanced understanding of this system is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren J Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ada M C Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Cao M, MacDonald JW, Liu HL, Weaver M, Cortes M, Durosier LD, Burns P, Fecteau G, Desrochers A, Schulkin J, Antonelli MC, Bernier RA, Dorschner M, Bammler TK, Frasch MG. α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Modulates Ovine Fetal Brain Astrocytes Transcriptome in Response to Endotoxin. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1063. [PMID: 31143190 PMCID: PMC6520997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation in utero may result in lifelong neurological disabilities. Astrocytes play a pivotal role in this process, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. No early postnatal treatment strategies exist to enhance neuroprotective potential of astrocytes. We hypothesized that agonism on α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in fetal astrocytes will augment their neuroprotective transcriptome profile, while the inhibition of α7nAChR will achieve the opposite. Using an in vivo–in vitro model of developmental programming of neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we validated this hypothesis in primary fetal sheep astrocytes cultures re-exposed to LPS in the presence of a selective α7nAChR agonist or antagonist. Our RNAseq findings show that a pro-inflammatory astrocyte transcriptome phenotype acquired in vitro by LPS stimulation is reversed with α7nAChR agonistic stimulation. Conversely, α7nAChR inhibition potentiates the pro-inflammatory astrocytic transcriptome phenotype. Furthermore, we conducted a secondary transcriptome analysis against the identical α7nAChR experiments in fetal sheep primary microglia cultures. Similar to findings in fetal microglia, in fetal astrocytes we observed a memory effect of in vivo exposure to inflammation, expressed in a perturbation of the iron homeostasis signaling pathway (hemoxygenase 1, HMOX1), which persisted under pre-treatment with α7nAChR antagonist but was reversed with α7nAChR agonist. For both glia cell types, common pathways activated due to LPS included neuroinflammation signaling and NF-κB signaling in some, but not all comparisons. However, overall, the overlap on the level of signaling pathways was rather minimal. Astrocytes, not microglia—the primary immune cells of the brain, were characterized by unique inhibition patterns of STAT3 pathway due to agonistic stimulation of α7nAChR prior to LPS exposure. Lastly, we discuss the implications of our findings for fetal and postnatal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingju Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Neurosciences, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hai L Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Neurosciences, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Molly Weaver
- UW Medicine Center for Precision Diagnostics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marina Cortes
- Animal Reproduction Research Centre (CRRA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucien D Durosier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Neurosciences, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Burns
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Fecteau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - André Desrochers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jay Schulkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marta C Antonelli
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael Dorschner
- UW Medicine Center for Precision Diagnostics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Martin G Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Neurosciences, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Animal Reproduction Research Centre (CRRA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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17
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Abbink MR, van Deijk ALF, Heine VM, Verheijen MH, Korosi A. The involvement of astrocytes in early-life adversity induced programming of the brain. Glia 2019; 67:1637-1653. [PMID: 31038797 PMCID: PMC6767561 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early‐life adversity (ELA) in the form of stress, inflammation, or malnutrition, can increase the risk of developing psychopathology or cognitive problems in adulthood. The neurobiological substrates underlying this process remain unclear. While neuronal dysfunction and microglial contribution have been studied in this context, only recently the role of astrocytes in early‐life programming of the brain has been appreciated. Astrocytes serve many basic roles for brain functioning (e.g., synaptogenesis, glutamate recycling), and are unique in their capacity of sensing and integrating environmental signals, as they are the first cells to encounter signals from the blood, including hormonal changes (e.g., glucocorticoids), immune signals, and nutritional information. Integration of these signals is especially important during early development, and therefore we propose that astrocytes contribute to ELA induced changes in the brain by sensing and integrating environmental signals and by modulating neuronal development and function. Studies in rodents have already shown that ELA can impact astrocytes on the short and long term, however, a critical review of these results is currently lacking. Here, we will discuss the developmental trajectory of astrocytes, their ability to integrate stress, immune, and nutritional signals from the early environment, and we will review how different types of early adversity impact astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maralinde R Abbink
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Lieke F van Deijk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi M Heine
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H Verheijen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Dioli C, Patrício P, Sousa N, Kokras N, Dalla C, Guerreiro S, Santos-Silva MA, Rego AC, Pinto L, Ferreiro E, Sotiropoulos I. Chronic stress triggers divergent dendritic alterations in immature neurons of the adult hippocampus, depending on their ultimate terminal fields. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:143. [PMID: 31028242 PMCID: PMC6486609 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress, a suggested precipitant of brain pathologies, such as depression and Alzheimer's disease, is known to impact on brain plasticity by causing neuronal remodeling as well as neurogenesis suppression in the adult hippocampus. Although many studies show that stressful conditions reduce the number of newborn neurons in the adult dentate gyrus (DG), little is known about whether and how stress impacts on dendritic development and structural maturation of these newborn neurons. We, herein, demonstrate that chronic stress impacts differentially on doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in distinct phases of maturation. Specifically, the density of the DCX-positive immature neurons whose dendritic tree reaches the inner molecular layer (IML) of DG is reduced in stressed animals, whereas their dendritic complexity is increased. On the contrary, no change on the density of DCX-positive neurons whose dendritic tree extends to the medial/outer molecular layer (M/OML) of the DG is found under stress conditions, whereas the dendritic complexity of these cells is diminished. In addition, DCX+ cells displayed a more complex and longer arbor in the dendritic compartments located in the granular cell layer of the DG under stress conditions; on the contrary, their dendritic segments localized into the M/OML were shorter and less complex. These findings suggest that the neuroplastic effects of chronic stress on dendritic maturation and complexity of DCX+ immature neurons vary based on the different maturation stage of DCX-positive cells and the different DG sublayer, highlighting the complex and dynamic stress-driven neuroplasticity of immature neurons in the adult hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Dioli
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece ,0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sara Guerreiro
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Santos-Silva
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Rego
- 0000 0000 9511 4342grid.8051.cCenter for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,0000 0000 9511 4342grid.8051.cInstitute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- 0000 0000 9511 4342grid.8051.cCenter for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,0000 0000 9511 4342grid.8051.cInstitute for Interdisciplinary Research of the University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Valtcheva S, Venance L. Control of Long-Term Plasticity by Glutamate Transporters. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:10. [PMID: 31024287 PMCID: PMC6465798 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent long-term changes in synaptic strength constitute key elements for learning and memory formation. Long-term plasticity can be induced in vivo and ex vivo by various physiologically relevant activity patterns. Depending on their temporal statistics, such patterns can induce long-lasting changes in the synaptic weight by potentiating or depressing synaptic transmission. At excitatory synapses, glutamate uptake operated by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) has a critical role in regulating the strength and the extent of receptor activation by afferent activity. EAATs tightly control synaptic transmission and glutamate spillover. EAATs activity can, therefore, determine the polarity and magnitude of long-term plasticity by regulating the spatiotemporal profile of the glutamate transients and thus, the glutamate access to pre- and postsynaptic receptors. Here, we summarize compelling evidence that EAATs regulate various forms of long-term synaptic plasticity and the consequences of such regulation for behavioral output. We speculate that experience-dependent plasticity of EAATs levels can determine the sensitivity of synapses to frequency- or time-dependent plasticity paradigms. We propose that EAATs contribute to the gating of relevant inputs eligible to induce long-term plasticity and thereby select the operating learning rules that match the physiological function of the synapse adapted to the behavioral context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valtcheva
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241/INSERM U1050, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241/INSERM U1050, Paris, France
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Yimer EM, Hishe HZ, Tuem KB. Repurposing of the β-Lactam Antibiotic, Ceftriaxone for Neurological Disorders: A Review. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:236. [PMID: 30971875 PMCID: PMC6444273 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no cure or disease-modifying agents available for most well-known neurological disorders. Current therapy is typically focused on relieving symptoms and supportive care in improving the quality of life of affected patients. Furthermore, the traditional de novo drug discovery technique is more challenging, particularly for neurological disorders. Therefore, the repurposing of existing drugs for these conditions is believed to be an efficient and dynamic approach that can substantially reduce the investments spent on drug development. Currently, there is emerging evidence that suggests the potential effect of a beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone (CEF), to alleviate the symptoms of different experimentally-induced neurological disorders: Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epileptic-seizure, brain ischemia, traumatic brain injuries, and neuropathic pain. CEF also affects the markers of oxidative status and neuroinflammation, glutamatergic systems as well as various aggregated toxic proteins involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological disorders. Moreover, it was found that CEF administration to drug dependent animal models improved the withdrawal symptoms upon drug discontinuation. Thus, this review aimed to describe the effects of CEF against multiple models of neurological illnesses, drug dependency, and withdrawal. It also emphasizes the possible mechanisms of neuroprotective actions of CEF with respective neurological maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim M Yimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichael Zeru Hishe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kald Beshir Tuem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Murphy‐Royal C, Gordon GR, Bains JS. Stress‐induced structural and functional modifications of astrocytes—Further implicating glia in the central response to stress. Glia 2019; 67:1806-1820. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Murphy‐Royal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Grant R. Gordon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Jaideep S. Bains
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
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22
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Perić I, Stanisavljević A, Inta D, Gass P, Lang UE, Borgwardt S, Filipović D. Tianeptine antagonizes the reduction of PV+ and GAD67 cells number in dorsal hippocampus of socially isolated rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:386-399. [PMID: 30367961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult male rats exposed to chronic social isolation (CSIS) show depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and reduce the numbers of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the dorsal hippocampus. We aimed to determine whether tianeptine (Tian), administered during the last three weeks of a six-week-social isolation (10 mg/kg/day), may reverse CSIS-induced behavioral changes and antagonize the CSIS-induced reduction in the number of PV+ interneurons. We also studied whether Tian affects the GABA-producing enzyme GAD67+ cells, in Stratum Oriens (SO), Stratum Pyramidale (SP), Stratum Radiatum (SR) and Stratum Lacunosum Moleculare (LM) of CA1-3, as well as in molecular layer-granule cell layer (ML-GCL) and Hilus (H) of the dentate gyrus (DG). CSIS-induced reduction in the number of PV+ cells was layer/subregion-specific with the greatest decrease in SO of CA2. Reduction in the number of PV+ cells was significantly higher than GAD67+ cells, indicating that PV+ cells are the main target following CSIS. Tian reversed CSIS-induced behavior phenotype and antagonized the reduction in the number of PV+ and GAD67+ cells in all subregions. In controls, Tian led to an increase in the number of PV+ and GAD67+ cells in SP of all subregions and PV+ interneurons in ML-GCL of DG, while treatment during CSIS, compared to CSIS alone, resulted with an increase of PV+ interneurons in SO and SP CA1, SP CA2/CA3 and ML-GCL DG with simultaneous increase in GAD67+ cells in all CA1, LM CA2, SO/SR/LM CA3. Data show that Tian offers protection from CSIS via modulation of the dorsal hippocampal GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for molecular biology and endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana Stanisavljević
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for molecular biology and endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for molecular biology and endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Alamo C, García-Garcia P, Lopez-Muñoz F, Zaragozá C. Tianeptine, an atypical pharmacological approach to depression. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2019; 12:170-186. [PMID: 30612921 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of the first antidepressants in the 50s of the 20th century radically changed the treatment of depression, while providing information on pathophysiological aspects of this disease. New antidepressants drugs (agomelatine, tianeptine, vortioxetine) are providing data that give rise to pathophysiological hypotheses of depression that differ from the classic monoaminergic theory. In this sense, tianeptina, an atypical drug by its mechanism of differential action, contributes to clarify that in depression there is more than monoamines. Thus, tianeptine does not modify the rate of extracellular serotonin, so it does not increase or decrease the reuptake of serotonin. Chronic administration of tianeptine does not alter the density or affinity of more than a hundred classical receptors related to depression. Recently, a weak action of tianeptine on Mu opioid receptors has been described that could explain the release of dopamine in the limbic system and its participation in the modulation of glutamatergic mechanisms. These mechanisms support the hypothesis of the possible mechanism of action of this antidepressant. Tianeptine is an antidepressant, with anxiolytic properties, that can improve somatic symptoms. Tianeptine as a glutamatergic modulator, among other mechanisms, allows us to approach depression from a different point of view than other antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilio Alamo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
| | - Pilar García-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Francisco Lopez-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, España; Unidad de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, España
| | - Cristina Zaragozá
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
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Kovalenko AA, Zakharova MV, Nikitina VA, Schwarz AP, Karyakin VB, Beznin GV, Tsikunov SG, Zubareva OE. Alterations in the Expression of Genes That Encode Subunits of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and the Glutamate Transporter in Brain Structures of Rats after Psychogenic Stress. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241802006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Parkin GM, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Dean B. Glutamate transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, are potentially important in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia and affective disorders. World J Psychiatry 2018; 8:51-63. [PMID: 29988908 PMCID: PMC6033743 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v8.i2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain and it has been shown that prolonged activation of the glutamatergic system leads to nerve damage and cell death. Following release from the pre-synaptic neuron and synaptic transmission, glutamate is either taken up into the pre-synaptic neuron or neighbouring glia by transmembrane glutamate transporters. Excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 1 and EAAT2 are Na+-dependant glutamate transporters expressed predominantly in glia cells of the central nervous system. As the most abundant glutamate transporters, their primary role is to modulate levels of glutamatergic excitability and prevent spill over of glutamate beyond the synapse. This role is facilitated through the binding and transportation of glutamate into astrocytes and microglia. The function of EAAT1 and EAAT2 is heavily regulated at the levels of gene expression, post-transcriptional splicing, glycosylation states and cell-surface trafficking of the protein. Both glutamatergic dysfunction and glial dysfunction have been proposed to be involved in psychiatric disorder. This review will present an overview of the roles that EAAT1 and EAAT2 play in modulating glutamatergic activity in the human brain, and mount an argument that these two transporters could be involved in the aetiologies of schizophrenia and affective disorders as well as represent potential drug targets for novel therapies for those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Parkin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
- Research Centre for Mental Health, the Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Hawthorne VIC 3122, Australia
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26
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Lee H, Kim HK, Kwon JT, Kim YO, Seo J, Lee S, Cho IH, Kim HJ. Effects of Tianeptine on Adult Rats Following Prenatal Stress. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:197-208. [PMID: 29739134 PMCID: PMC5953020 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective Exposing a pregnant female to stress during the critical period of embryonic fetal brain development increases the risk of psychiatric disorders in the offspring. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of antidepressant tianeptine on prenatally stressed (PNS) rats. Methods In this study, a repeated variable stress paradigm was applied to pregnant rats during the last week of gestation. To investigate the effects of antidepressant tianeptine on PNS rats, behavioral and protein expression analyses were performed. Forced swim test, open field test, and social interaction test were performed to determine changes in PNS rats compared to non-stressed offspring. Haloperidol was used as a positive control as an antipsychotic drug based on previous studies. Results Behavioral changes were restored after treatment with tianeptine or haloperidol. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the prefrontal cortex revealed downregulation of several neurodevelopmental proteins in PNS rats. After treatment with tianeptine or haloperidol, their expression levels were increased. Conclusion Downregulation of several proteins in PNS rats might have caused subsequent behavioral changes in PNS rats. After tianeptine or haloperidol treatment, behavioral changes in PNS rats were restored. Therefore, tianeptine might decrease incidence of prenatal stress related-psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ki Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jun-Tack Kwon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong, Korea
| | - Jonghoon Seo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, and Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Zhao Z, Hiraoka Y, Ogawa H, Tanaka K. Region-specific deletions of the glutamate transporter GLT1 differentially affect nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain in mice. Glia 2018; 66:1988-1998. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyang Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute (MRI), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiraoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute (MRI), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute (MRI), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute (MRI), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research (CBIR), TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
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Sild M, Ruthazer ES, Booij L. Major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders from the glial perspective: Etiological mechanisms, intervention and monitoring. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:474-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang SS, Mu RH, Li CF, Dong SQ, Geng D, Liu Q, Yi LT. microRNA-124 targets glucocorticoid receptor and is involved in depression-like behaviors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:417-425. [PMID: 28764913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) has been shown to be involved in early observations of depression. MicroRNA-124-3p (miR-124) is the most abundant microRNA in the brain. Previous studies have shown that miR-124 plays a major role in depression. Here we showed that miR-124 directly targeted glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in HEK 293 cells. In addition, inhibition of miR-124 by its antagomir (2nmol/every two days) could reverse the decrease of sucrose preference and the increase of immobility time in mice exposed to chronic corticosterone (CORT, 40mg/kg) injection. Moreover, these effects on behavioral improvement were coupled to the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, ERK, and CREB, as well as the induction of synaptogenesis and neuronal proliferation. Altogether, our study suggests that miR-124 can be served as a biomarker for depression and a novel target for drug development, and demonstrates that inhibition of miR-124 may be a strategy for treating depression by activating BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Rong-Hao Mu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Fu Li
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Shu-Qi Dong
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Di Geng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
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30
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Ding XF, Li YH, Chen JX, Sun LJ, Jiao HY, Wang XX, Zhou Y. Involvement of the glutamate/glutamine cycle and glutamate transporter GLT-1 in antidepressant-like effects of Xiao Yao san on chronically stressed mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:326. [PMID: 28629384 PMCID: PMC5477120 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xiao Yao San (XYS) is an herbal prescription which is used in the treatment of depression for thousands of years from Song dynasty in China (960-1127 A.D.), and is the bestselling and most popular herb formula for treating major depression. This study aimed to assess the chronic antidepressant effects of XYS and fluoxetine in depressed mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and its association with alterations in glutamate/glutamine cycle and glutamate transporters. METHODS Mice in the control and model group were given 0.5 ml physiological saline by intragastric administration. Mice in two treatment groups were given XYS (0.25 g/kg/d) and fluoxetine (2.6 mg/kg/d), respectively. The depressive-like behaviors such as forced swim test (FST), sucrose preference test (SPT) and novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test were measured after mice exposed to CUMS for 21 days. Body weight, contents of glutamate and glutamine, glutamine/glutamate ratio that is usually thought to reflect glutamate/glutamine cycle, and the protein and mRNA expressions of glutamate transporters (excitatory amino acid transporter 1-2,GLAST/EAAT1 and GLT-1/EAAT2) were measured. The immunoreactivities of GLAST and GLT-1 in the hippocampus were also investigated. RESULTS After CUMS exposure, mice exhibited depressive-like behaviors, body weight loss, increased glutamate level, decreased glutamine level, elevated glutamine/glutamate ratio, decreased GLT-1 protein expression and mRNA level, and decreased average optical density (AOD) of GLT-1 in the CA1, CA3 and DG in the hippocampus. These abnormalities could be effectively reversed by XYS or fluoxetine treatment. In addition, the study also found that GLAST expression in the hippocampus could not be altered by 21-d CUMS. CONCLUSION The studies indicated that XYS may have therapeutic actions on depression -like behavior s induced by CUMS in mice possibly mediated by modulation of glutamate/glutamine cycle and glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fang Ding
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043 China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Long-Ji Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Hai-Yan Jiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of TCM, Henan, 450046 Henan China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
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Wang Q, Jie W, Liu JH, Yang JM, Gao TM. An astroglial basis of major depressive disorder? An overview. Glia 2017; 65:1227-1250. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Wei Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Jian-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
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Conrad CD, Ortiz JB, Judd JM. Chronic stress and hippocampal dendritic complexity: Methodological and functional considerations. Physiol Behav 2016; 178:66-81. [PMID: 27887995 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current understanding of how chronic stress impacts hippocampal dendritic arbor complexity and the subsequent relationship to hippocampal-dependent spatial memory is reviewed. A surge in reports investigating hippocampal dendritic morphology is occurring, but with wide variations in methodological detail being reported. Consequently, this review systematically outlines the basic neuroanatomy of relevant hippocampal features to help clarify how chronic stress or glucocorticoids impact hippocampal dendritic complexity and how these changes occur in parallel with spatial cognition. Chronic stress often leads to hippocampal CA3 apical dendritic retraction first with other hippocampal regions (CA3 basal dendrites, CA1, dentate gyrus, DG) showing dendritic retraction when chronic stress is sufficiently robust or long lasting. The stress-induced reduction in hippocampal CA3 apical dendritic arbor complexity often coincides with impaired hippocampal function, such as spatial learning and memory. Yet, when chronic stress ends and a post-stress recovery period ensues, the atrophied dendritic arbors and poor spatial abilities often improve. However, this process differs from a simple reversal of chronic stress-induced deficits. Recent reports suggest that this return to baseline-like functioning is uniquely different from non-stressed controls, emphasizing the need for further studies to enhance our understanding of how a history of stress subsequently alters an organism's spatial abilities. To provide a consistent framework for future studies, this review concludes with an outline for a quick and easy reference on points to consider when planning chronic stress studies with the goal of measuring hippocampal dendritic complexity and spatial ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl D Conrad
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 1104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, United States.
| | - J Bryce Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 1104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, United States
| | - Jessica M Judd
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 1104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, United States
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Heo BH, Shin JY, Park KS, Lee HG, Choi JI, Yoon MH, Kim WM. Effects of tianeptine on the development and maintenance of mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:82-86. [PMID: 27641318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We validate the analgesic efficacy of tianeptine by different administration routes and timing in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by ligating the L5 and L6 spinal nerves in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and mechanical allodynia was assessed using von Frey filaments. The effects of orally administered tianeptine and pretreatment with tianeptine (intrathecally or intraperitoneally) on mechanical allodynia were assessed. Oral and preemptive intrathecal administration of tianeptine significantly increased the paw withdrawal threshold but preemptive intraperitoneal administration did not. Nevertheless, intraperitoneal pretreatment of tianeptine potentiated the antiallodynic effects of subsequently administered tianeptine. These findings suggest that tianeptine may be effective for preventing and treating neuropathic pain and that it can be used more widely in clinical pain practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Ha Heo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Suk Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ha Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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Olianas MC, Dedoni S, Onali P. LPA1 Mediates Antidepressant-Induced ERK1/2 Signaling and Protection from Oxidative Stress in Glial Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:340-353. [PMID: 27605627 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.236455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants have been shown to affect glial cell functions and intracellular signaling through mechanisms that are still not completely understood. In the present study, we provide evidence that in glial cells the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor LPA1 mediates antidepressant-induced growth factor receptor transactivation, ERK1/2 signaling, and protection from oxidative stress. Thus, in C6 glioma cells and rat cortical astrocytes, ERK1/2 activation induced by either amitriptyline or mianserin was antagonized by Ki16425 and VPC 12249 (S), which block LPA1 and LPA3 receptors, and by AM966, which selectively blocks LPA1 Cell depletion of LPA1 with siRNA treatment markedly reduced antidepressant- and LPA-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. LPA1 blockade prevented antidepressant-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factors CREB and Elk-1. Antidepressants and LPA signaling to ERK1/2 was abrogated by cell treatment with pertussis toxin and by the inhibition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGF-R) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) tyrosine kinases. Both Ki16425 and AM966 suppressed antidepressant-induced phosphorylation of FGF-R. Moreover, blockade of LPA1 or inhibition of FGF-R and PDGF-R activities prevented antidepressant-stimulated Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylations. Mianserin protected C6 glioma cells and astrocytes from apoptotic cell death induced by H2O2, as indicated by increased cell viability, decreased expression of cleaved caspase 3, reduced cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase and inhibition of DNA fragmentation. The protective effects of mianserin were antagonized by AM966. These data indicate that LPA1 constitutes a novel molecular target of the regulatory actions of tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (M.C.O., S.D., P.O.)
| | - Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (M.C.O., S.D., P.O.)
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (M.C.O., S.D., P.O.)
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Stress and corticosteroids regulate rat hippocampal mitochondrial DNA gene expression via the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9099-104. [PMID: 27457949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602185113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are involved in stress and circadian regulation, and produce many actions via the GC receptor (GR), which is classically understood to function as a nuclear transcription factor. However, the nuclear genome is not the only genome in eukaryotic cells. The mitochondria also contain a small circular genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), that encodes 13 polypeptides. Recent work has established that, in the brain and other systems, the GR is translocated from the cytosol to the mitochondria and that stress and corticosteroids have a direct influence on mtDNA transcription and mitochondrial physiology. To determine if stress affects mitochondrially transcribed mRNA (mtRNA) expression, we exposed adult male rats to both acute and chronic immobilization stress and examined mtRNA expression using quantitative RT-PCR. We found that acute stress had a main effect on mtRNA expression and that expression of NADH dehydrogenase 1, 3, and 6 (ND-1, ND-3, ND-6) and ATP synthase 6 (ATP-6) genes was significantly down-regulated. Chronic stress induced a significant up-regulation of ND-6 expression. Adrenalectomy abolished acute stress-induced mtRNA regulation, demonstrating GC dependence. ChIP sequencing of GR showed that corticosterone treatment induced a dose-dependent association of the GR with the control region of the mitochondrial genome. These findings demonstrate GR and stress-dependent transcriptional regulation of the mitochondrial genome in vivo and are consistent with previous work linking stress and GCs with changes in the function of brain mitochondria.
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Seo MK, McIntyre RS, Cho HY, Lee CH, Park SW, Mansur RB, Kim GM, Baek JH, Woo YS, Lee JG, Kim YH. Tianeptine induces mTORC1 activation in rat hippocampal neurons under toxic conditions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2617-27. [PMID: 27129862 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent studies have demonstrated that mTORC1 activation may be related to antidepressant action. However, the relationship between mTORC1 signaling activation and currently prescribed antidepressants remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine whether alterations in mTORC1 signaling are observable following treatment with tianeptine under toxic conditions induced by B27 deprivation. Additionally, we investigated whether this drug affects synaptic proteins, neurite outgrowth, and spine density via mTORC1 signaling. METHODS Using Western blotting, we measured the phosphorylation levels of mTORC1, 4E-BP-1, p70S6K, Akt, and ERK in rat primary hippocampal neurons. Changes in BDNF, dendritic outgrowth, spine density, and synaptic proteins (PSD-95, synaptophysin, and GluR1) were measured. RESULTS Tianeptine significantly increased the phosphorylation of mTORC1, 4E-BP-1, p70S6K, Akt, and ERK. The increase in mTOR phosphorylation was blocked by the PI3K, MEK, and mTORC1 inhibitors. Tianeptine increased BDNF, dendritic outgrowth, spine density, and synaptic proteins; all of these effects were blocked by the mTORC1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that tianeptine activates the mTORC1 signaling pathway and increases dendritic outgrowth, spine density, and synaptic proteins through mTORC1 signaling under toxic conditions in rat primary hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hye Yeon Cho
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hong Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gyung-Mee Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sup Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, 1435, Jwa-dong, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 612-030, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, 1435, Jwa-dong, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 612-030, Republic of Korea.
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Calabrese F, Riva MA, Molteni R. Synaptic alterations associated with depression and schizophrenia: potential as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1195-207. [PMID: 27167520 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1188080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the concept of 'synaptopathy' has been extended from neurodegenerative and neurological disorders to psychiatric diseases. According to this nascent line of research, disruption in synaptic structure and function acts as the main determinant of mental illness. Therefore, molecular systems and processes crucial for synaptic activity may represent promising therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED We review data on synaptic structural alterations in depression and schizophrenia and on specific molecular systems and/or mechanisms important for the maintenance of proper synaptic function. Specifically, we examine the involvement of the neuroligin system, the local protein translation, and the neurotrophin BDNF by reviewing clinical and preclinical studies, with particular attention to results provided by using animal models based on the role of stress in psychiatric diseases. Finally, we also discuss the impact of pharmacological treatment on these molecular systems/mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION The relevance of synaptic dysfunctions in psychiatric diseases is undoubted and the potential to normalize, ameliorate, and shape such alterations by acting on molecular systems crucial to ensure synaptic function property is fascinating. However, future studies are required to elucidate several open issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Calabrese
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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Martinez-Lozada Z, Guillem AM, Robinson MB. Transcriptional Regulation of Glutamate Transporters: From Extracellular Signals to Transcription Factors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 76:103-45. [PMID: 27288076 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS. It mediates essentially all rapid excitatory signaling. Dysfunction of glutamatergic signaling contributes to developmental, neurologic, and psychiatric diseases. Extracellular glutamate is cleared by a family of five Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters. Two of these transporters (GLAST and GLT-1) are relatively selectively expressed in astrocytes. Other of these transporters (EAAC1) is expressed by neurons throughout the nervous system. Expression of the last two members of this family (EAAT4 and EAAT5) is almost exclusively restricted to specific populations of neurons in cerebellum and retina, respectively. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms that control transcriptional regulation of the different members of this family. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate expression of GLT-1 and GLAST has advanced considerably; several specific transcription factors, cis-elements, and epigenetic mechanisms have been identified. For the other members of the family, little or nothing is known about the mechanisms that control their transcription. It is assumed that by defining the mechanisms involved, we will advance our understanding of the events that result in cell-specific expression of these transporters and perhaps begin to define the mechanisms by which neurologic diseases are changing the biology of the cells that express these transporters. This approach might provide a pathway for developing new therapies for a wide range of essentially untreatable and devastating diseases that kill neurons by an excitotoxic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Martinez-Lozada
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A M Guillem
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M B Robinson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Albrecht A, Ivens S, Papageorgiou IE, Çalışkan G, Saiepour N, Brück W, Richter-Levin G, Heinemann U, Stork O. Shifts in excitatory/inhibitory balance by juvenile stress: A role for neuron-astrocyte interaction in the dentate gyrus. Glia 2016; 64:911-22. [PMID: 26875694 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma is a well-described risk factor for the development of stress-related psychopathology such as posttraumatic stress disorder or depression later in life. Childhood adversity can be modeled in rodents by juvenile stress (JS) protocols, resulting in impaired coping with stressful challenges in adulthood. In the current study, we investigated the long-lasting impact of JS on the expression of molecular factors for glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake and turnover in sublayers of the dentate gyrus (DG) using laser microdissection and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We observed reduced mRNA expression levels after JS for factors mediating astrocytic glutamate and GABA uptake and degradation. These alterations were prominently observed in the dorsal but not ventral DG granule cell layer, indicating a lasting change in astrocytic GABA and glutamate metabolism that may affect dorsal DG network activity. Indeed, we observed increased inhibition and a lack of facilitation in response to paired-pulse stimulation at short interstimulus intervals in the dorsal DG after JS, while no alterations were evident in basal synaptic transmission or forms of long-term plasticity. The shift in paired-pulse response was mimicked by pharmacologically blocking the astrocytic GABA transporter GAT-3 in naïve animals. Accordingly, reduced expression levels of GAT-3 were confirmed at the protein level in the dorsal granule cell layer of rats stressed in juvenility. Together, these data demonstrate a lasting shift in the excitatory/inhibitory balance of dorsal DG network activity by JS that appears to be mediated by decreased GABA uptake into astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Albrecht
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience (ISAN), Haifa, Israel.,Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ivens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ismini E Papageorgiou
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gürsel Çalışkan
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nasrin Saiepour
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience (ISAN), Haifa, Israel.,Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uwe Heinemann
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, Germany
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Champeil-Potokar G, Hennebelle M, Latour A, Vancassel S, Denis I. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents corticosterone-induced changes in astrocyte morphology and function. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1155-1167. [PMID: 26709611 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The many functions of astrocytes, such as glutamate recycling and morphological plasticity, enable them to stabilize synapses environment and protect neurons. Little is known about how they adapt to glucocorticoid-induced stress, and even less about the influence of dietary factors. We previously showed that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFA), dietary fats which alleviate stress responses, influence the way astroglia regulate glutamatergic synapses. We have explored the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main ω3PUFA, in the astroglial responses to corticosterone, the main stress hormone in rodents to determine whether ω3PUFA help astrocytes resist stress. Cultured rat astrocytes were enriched in DHA or arachidonic acid (AA, the main ω6PUFA) and given 100 nM corticosterone for several days. Corticosterone stimulated astrocyte glutamate recycling by increasing glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase (GS), and altered the astrocyte cytoskeleton. DHA-enriched astrocytes no longer responded to the action of corticosterone on glutamate uptake, had decreased GS, and the cytoskeletal effect of corticosterone was delayed, while AA-enriched cells were unaffected. The DHA-dependent anti-corticosterone effect was related to fewer glucocorticoid receptors, while corticosterone increased DHA incorporation into astrocyte membranes. Thus, DHA helps astrocytes resist the influence of corticosterone, so perhaps promoting a sustainable response by the stressed brain. We show that corticosterone increases the glutamate recycling capacity of rat cortical astrocytes in culture, and alters their morphology, which may be detrimental in the long term. Increasing the membrane incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main omega-3 in brain, reduces the amount of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and prevents the effects of corticosterone. This may help the astrocytes maintain a functional phenotype in chronic stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alizée Latour
- INRA, Nutrition et Régulation Lipidique des Fonctions Cérébrales U0902 NURELICE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, NutriNeurO UMR INRA 1286, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Denis
- INRA, Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction U1197 NBO, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Manosso LM, Moretti M, Colla AR, Ribeiro CM, Dal-Cim T, Tasca CI, Rodrigues ALS. Involvement of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the antidepressant-like effect of zinc in the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:339-52. [PMID: 26747027 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress and excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the influence of zinc on depressive-like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), on alterations in glutamate-induced toxicity and immunocontent of proteins involved in the control of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus of mice. Mice were subjected to CUS procedure for 14 days. From the 8th to the 14th day, mice received zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, positive control) once a day by oral route. CUS caused a depressive-like behavior evidenced by the increased immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST), which was prevented by treatment with ZnCl2 or fluoxetine. Ex vivo exposure of hippocampal slices to glutamate (10 mM) resulted in a significant decrease on cell viability; however, neither CUS procedure nor drug treatments altered this reduction. No alterations in the immunocontents of GLT-1 and GFAP or p-Akt were observed in any experimental group. The ratio of p-Akt/AKT was also not altered in any group. However, Akt immunocontent was increased in stressed mice and in animals treated with ZnCl2 (stressed or non-stressed mice) and EAAC1 immunocontent was increased in stressed mice treated with ZnCl2, fluoxetine or vehicle and in non-stressed mice treated with ZnCl2 and fluoxetine. These findings indicate a robust effect of zinc in reversing behavioral alteration induced by CUS in mice, through a possible modulation of the glutamatergic neurotransmission, extending literature data regarding the mechanisms underlying its antidepressant-like action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana M Manosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Nutrition Program, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - André R Colla
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Camille M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Tharine Dal-Cim
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Liu X, Guo H, Sayed MDS, Lu Y, Yang T, Zhou D, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang C, Xu J. cAMP/PKA/CREB/GLT1 signaling involved in the antidepressant-like effects of phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitor (GEBR-7b) in rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:219-27. [PMID: 26855578 PMCID: PMC4725689 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s90960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GEBR-7b, a potential phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitor, has been shown to have memory-enhancing effects in rodents. However, it is still unknown whether GEBR-7b also has the antidepressant-like effects in rats. Herein, we examined the potential of GEBR-7b to attenuate depression-like behaviors in the rat model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Next, we also investigated the alterations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit (PKAca), cAMP response element-binding (CREB), and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) levels produced by GEBR-7b in the rats model of depression. METHODS Effects of GEBR-7b on CUS (35 days)-induced depression-like behaviors were examined by measuring immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST). Hippocampal cAMP levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas PKAca, phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB), CREB, and GLT1 in the hippocampus of rats were subjected to Western blot analysis. RESULTS CUS exposure caused a depression-like behavior evidenced by the increased immobility time in FST. Depression-like behavior induced by CUS was accompanied by a significant increased GLT, decreased cAMP, PKAca, pCREB activities in hippocampus. However, repeated GEBR-7b administration significantly reversed CUS-induced depression-like behavior and changes of cAMP/PKA/CREB/GLT1 signaling. No alteration was observed in locomotor activity in open field test. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GEBR-7b reversed the depression-like behaviors induced by CUS in rats, which is at least in part mediated by modulating cAMP, PKAca, pCREB, and GLT1 levels in the hippocampus of rats, supporting its neuroprotective potential against behavioral and biochemical dysfunctions induced by CUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibiao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Daud Som Sayed
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Overexpression of Mineralocorticoid Receptors Partially Prevents Chronic Stress-Induced Reductions in Hippocampal Memory and Structural Plasticity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142012. [PMID: 26600250 PMCID: PMC4658081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress is a risk factor for cognitive decline and psychopathology in genetically predisposed individuals. Preliminary evidence in humans suggests that mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) may confer resilience to these stress-related changes. We specifically tested this idea using a well-controlled mouse model for chronic stress in combination with transgenic MR overexpression in the forebrain. Exposure to unpredictable stressors for 21 days in adulthood reduced learning and memory formation in a low arousing hippocampus-dependent contextual learning task, but enhanced stressful contextual fear learning. We found support for a moderating effect of MR background on chronic stress only for contextual memory formation under low arousing conditions. In an attempt to understand potentially contributing factors, we studied structural plasticity. Chronic stress altered dendritic morphology in the hippocampal CA3 area and reduced the total number of doublecortin-positive immature neurons in the infrapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus. The latter reduction was absent in MR overexpressing mice. We therefore provide partial support for the idea that overexpression of MRs may confer resilience to the effects of chronic stress on hippocampus-dependent function and structural plasticity.
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Raudkivi K, Alttoa A, Leito I, Harro J. Differences in extracellular glutamate levels in striatum of rats with high and low exploratory activity. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:858-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Takahashi K, Foster JB, Lin CLG. Glutamate transporter EAAT2: regulation, function, and potential as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3489-506. [PMID: 26033496 PMCID: PMC11113985 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is primarily responsible for clearance of extracellular glutamate to prevent neuronal excitotoxicity and hyperexcitability. EAAT2 plays a critical role in regulation of synaptic activity and plasticity. In addition, EAAT2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many central nervous system disorders. In this review, we summarize current understanding of EAAT2, including structure, pharmacology, physiology, and functions, as well as disease relevancy, such as in stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and addiction. A large number of studies have demonstrated that up-regulation of EAAT2 protein provides significant beneficial effects in many disease models suggesting EAAT2 activation is a promising therapeutic approach. Several EAAT2 activators have been identified. Further understanding of EAAT2 regulatory mechanisms could improve development of drug-like compounds that spatiotemporally regulate EAAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Joshua B. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Chien-Liang Glenn Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Sandi C, Haller J. Stress and the social brain: behavioural effects and neurobiological mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:290-304. [PMID: 25891510 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress often affects our social lives. When undergoing high-level or persistent stress, individuals frequently retract from social interactions and become irritable and hostile. Predisposition to antisocial behaviours - including social detachment and violence - is also modulated by early life adversity; however, the effects of early life stress depend on the timing of exposure and genetic factors. Research in animals and humans has revealed some of the structural, functional and molecular changes in the brain that underlie the effects of stress on social behaviour. Findings in this emerging field will have implications both for the clinic and for society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1050, Switzerland
| | - József Haller
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1450, Hungary
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Mayhew J, Beart PM, Walker FR. Astrocyte and microglial control of glutamatergic signalling: a primer on understanding the disruptive role of chronic stress. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:498-506. [PMID: 25737228 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It is now well established that chronic stress can induce significant structural remodelling of astrocytes and microglia. Until recently, however, the full significance of these morphological disturbances has remained unclear. Clues to the significance of astroglial re-organisation following stress are beginning to emerge from a compelling literature describing how astrocytes contribute to glutamatergic neurotransmission. The present review briefly summarises these two fields of research, identifies points of overlap and, in doing so, pin-points future research directions for stress neurobiology. Ultimately, understanding how chronic stress can disrupt the interactions of astrocytes and microglia with neurones has the potential in the future to improve the development of therapeutics designed to treat stress-related illnesses such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mayhew
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - P M Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - F R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Kudryashova IV. Neurodegenerative changes in depression: Excitotoxicity or a deficit of trophic factors? NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712415010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Réus GZ, Abaleira HM, Michels M, Tomaz DB, dos Santos MAB, Carlessi AS, Matias BI, Leffa DD, Damiani AP, Gomes VDC, Andrade VM, Dal-Pizzol F, Landeira-Fernadez J, Quevedo J. Anxious phenotypes plus environmental stressors are related to brain DNA damage and changes in NMDA receptor subunits and glutamate uptake. Mutat Res 2015; 772:30-37. [PMID: 25772108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effects of chronic mild stress on DNA damage, NMDA receptor subunits and glutamate transport levels in the brains of rats with an anxious phenotype, which were selected to represent both the high-freezing (CHF) and low-freezing (CLF) lines. The anxious phenotype induced DNA damage in the hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc). CHF rats subjected to chronic stress presented a more pronounced DNA damage in the hippocampus and NAc. NMDAR1 were increased in the prefrontal cortex (PC), hippocampus and amygdala of CHF, and decreased in the hippocampus, amygdala and NAc of CHF stressed. NMDAR2A were decreased in the amygdala of the CHF and stressed; and increased in CHF stressed. NMDRA2A in the NAc was increased after stress, and decreased in the CLF. NMDAR2B were increased in the hippocampus of CLF and CHF. In the amygdala, there was a decrease in the NMDAR2B for stress in the CLF and CHF. NMDAR2B in the NAc were decreased for stress and increased in the CHF; in the PC NMDAR2B increased in the CHF. EAAT1 increased in the PC of CLF+stress. In the hippocampus, EAAT1 decreased in all groups. In the amygdala, EAAT1 decreased in the CLF+stress and CHF. EAAT2 were decreased in the PC for stress, and increased in CHF+control. In the hippocampus, the EAAT2 were increased for the CLF and decreased in the CLF+stress. In the amygdala, there was a decrease in the EATT2 in the CLF+stress and CHF. These findings suggest that an anxious phenotype plus stress may induce a more pronounced DNA damage, and promote more alterations in the glutamatergic system. These findings may help to explain, at least in part, the common point of the mechanisms involved with the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Helena M Abaleira
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora B Tomaz
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Augusta B dos Santos
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anelise S Carlessi
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz I Matias
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniela D Leffa
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriani P Damiani
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vitor de C Gomes
- Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, São João del Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Glutamate transporter 1-mediated antidepressant-like effect in a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:838-844. [PMID: 25480579 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, more attention has been paid to the role of the glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1, EAAT2) in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, experimental data on brain GLT-1 levels are, to some extent, inconsistent in human postmortem and animal studies. These discrepancies imply that the role of GLT-1 in the pathophysiology of MDD and the action of antidepressants remain obscure. This work was designed to study the impact of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 2 sessions per day for 35 days and four weeks of fluoxetine (FLX) on depressive-like behaviors in rats, as well as the concomitant expression of the GLT-1 protein in the hippocampus. Behavioral changes were assessed by the sucrose preference and open field tests. GLT-1 levels were detected by immunohistchemistry and Western blot analysis. Our study demonstrated that the animals exposed to CUS showed depressive-like behaviors and exhibited a significant decrease in GLT-1 expression in the hippocampus. Chronic FLX treatment reversed the behavioral deficits and the CUS-induced decrease in GLT-1 levels. Taken together, our results support the reduction of GLT-1 in human postmortem studies in MDD and suggest that GLT-1 may be involved in the antidepressant activity of FLX. Our studies further support the notion that GLT-1 is an attractive candidate molecule associated with the fundamental processes of MDD and may be a potential, and novel pharmacological target for the treatment of MDD.
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