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Grover S, Mou DF, Shrestha K, Puri H, Pingault L, Sattler SE, Louis J. Impaired Brown midrib12 function orchestrates sorghum resistance to aphids via an auxin conjugate indole-3-acetic acid-aspartic acid. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39233513 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, a complex heterogenous polymer present in virtually all plant cell walls, plays a critical role in protecting plants from various stresses. However, little is known about how lignin modifications in sorghum will impact plant defense against sugarcane aphids (SCA), a key pest of sorghum. We utilized the sorghum brown midrib (bmr) mutants, which are impaired in monolignol synthesis, to understand sorghum defense mechanisms against SCA. We found that loss of Bmr12 function and overexpression (OE) of Bmr12 provided enhanced resistance and susceptibility to SCA, respectively, as compared with wild-type (WT; RTx430) plants. Monitoring of the aphid feeding behavior indicated that SCA spent more time in reaching the first sieve element phase on bmr12 plants compared with RTx430 and Bmr12-OE plants. A combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that bmr12 plants displayed altered auxin metabolism upon SCA infestation and specifically, elevated levels of auxin conjugate indole-3-acetic acid-aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) were observed in bmr12 plants compared with RTx430 and Bmr12-OE plants. Furthermore, exogenous application of IAA-Asp restored resistance in Bmr12-OE plants, and artificial diet aphid feeding trial bioassays revealed that IAA-Asp is associated with enhanced resistance to SCA. Our findings highlight the molecular underpinnings that contribute to sorghum bmr12-mediated resistance to SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjan Grover
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - De-Fen Mou
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Heena Puri
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Lise Pingault
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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2
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Yan Y, Wang H, Bi Y, Wang J, Noman M, Li D, Song F. OsATL32 ubiquitinates the reactive oxygen species-producing OsRac5-OsRbohB module to suppress rice immunity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1459-1480. [PMID: 38629772 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity, with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process. Here, we report the functions of OsATL32, a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura (ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, in rice (Oryza sativa) immunity and its associated regulatory network. We found that the expression of OsATL32 is downregulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The OsATL32 protein level declines in response to infection by a compatible M. oryzae strain or to chitin treatment. OsATL32 negatively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases, as well as chitin-triggered immunity. Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that OsATL32 suppresses pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the ROS-producing OsRac5-OsRbohB module, which enhances rice immunity against M. oryzae. The protein phosphatase PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG enhances rice blast resistance by dephosphorylating OsATL32 and promoting its degradation, preventing its negative effect on rice immunity. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which the E3 ligase OsATL32 targets a ROS-producing module to undermine rice immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Bi
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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3
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Khodaeiaminjan M, Gomes C, Pagano A, Kruszka D, Sulima P, Przyborowski JA, Krajewski P, Paiva JAP. Impacts of in-vitro zebularine treatment on genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiles in Salix purpurea L. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14403. [PMID: 38923551 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Renewable energy resources such as biomass are crucial for a sustainable global society. Trees are a major source of lignocellulosic biomass, which can vary in response to different environmental factors owing to epigenetic regulation, such as DNA C-methylation. To investigate the effects of DNA methylation on plant development and wood formation, and its impacts on gene expression, with a focus on secondary cell wall (SCW)-associated genes, Salix purpurea plantlets were cloned from buds derived from a single hybrid tree for both treatment and control conditions. For the treatment condition, buds were exposed to 50 μM zebularine in vitro and a combined strategy of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-seq was employed to examine the methylome and transcriptome profiles of different tissues collected at various time points under both conditions. Transcriptomic and methylome data revealed that most of the promoter and gene body demethylation had no marked effects on the expression profiles of genes. Nevertheless, gene expression tended to decrease with the increased methylation levels of genes with highly methylated promoters. Results indicated that demethylation is less evident in centromeric regions and sex chromosomes. Promoters of secondary cell wall-associated genes, such as 4-coumarate-CoA ligase-like and Rac-like GTP-binding protein RHO, were differentially methylated in the secondary xylem samples collected from two-month potted treated plants compared to control samples. Our results provide novel insights into DNA methylation and gene expression landscapes and a basis for investigating the epigenetic regulation of wood formation in S. purpurea as a model plant for bioenergy species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Khodaeiaminjan
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Carolina Gomes
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrea Pagano
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kruszka
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Sulima
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Andrzej Przyborowski
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jorge Almiro Pinto Paiva
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Yu G, Jia L, Yu N, Feng M, Qu Y. Cloning and Functional Analysis of CsROP5 and CsROP10 Genes Involved in Cucumber Resistance to Corynespora cassiicola. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:308. [PMID: 38785790 PMCID: PMC11117962 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The cloning of resistance-related genes CsROP5/CsROP10 and the analysis of their mechanism of action provide a theoretical basis for the development of molecular breeding of disease-resistant cucumbers. The structure domains of two Rho-related guanosine triphosphatases from plant (ROP) genes were systematically analyzed using the bioinformatics method in cucumber plants, and the genes CsROP5 (Cucsa.322750) and CsROP10 (Cucsa.197080) were cloned. The functions of the two genes were analyzed using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), transient overexpression, cucumber genetic transformation, and histochemical staining technology. The conserved elements of the CsROP5/CsROP10 proteins include five sequence motifs (G1-G5), a recognition site for serine/threonine kinases, and a hypervariable region (HVR). The knockdown of CsROP10 through VIGS affected the transcript levels of ABA-signaling-pathway-related genes (CsPYL, CsPP2Cs, CsSnRK2s, and CsABI5), ROS-signaling-pathway-related genes (CsRBOHD and CsRBOHF), and defense-related genes (CsPR2 and CsPR3), thereby improving cucumber resistance to Corynespora cassiicola. Meanwhile, inhibiting the expression of CsROP5 regulated the expression levels of ROS-signaling-pathway-related genes (CsRBOHD and CsRBOHF) and defense-related genes (CsPR2 and CsPR3), thereby enhancing the resistance of cucumber to C. cassiicola. Overall, CsROP5 and CsROP10 may participate in cucumber resistance to C. cassiicola through the ROS and ABA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China; (L.J.); (N.Y.); (M.F.); (Y.Q.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China
| | - Lian Jia
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China; (L.J.); (N.Y.); (M.F.); (Y.Q.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China
| | - Ning Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China; (L.J.); (N.Y.); (M.F.); (Y.Q.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China
| | - Miao Feng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China; (L.J.); (N.Y.); (M.F.); (Y.Q.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China
| | - Yue Qu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China; (L.J.); (N.Y.); (M.F.); (Y.Q.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China
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5
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Balakrishnan D, Bateman N, Kariyat RR. Rice physical defenses and their role against insect herbivores. PLANTA 2024; 259:110. [PMID: 38565704 PMCID: PMC10987372 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Understanding surface defenses, a relatively unexplored area in rice can provide valuable insight into constitutive and induced defenses against herbivores. Plants have evolved a multi-layered defense system against the wide range of pests that constantly attack them. Physical defenses comprised of trichomes, wax, silica, callose, and lignin, and are considered as the first line of defense against herbivory that can directly affect herbivores by restricting or deterring them. Most studies on physical defenses against insect herbivores have been focused on dicots compared to monocots, although monocots include one of the most important crops, rice, which half of the global population is dependent on as their staple food. In rice, Silica is an important element stimulating plant growth, although Silica has also been found to impart resistance against herbivores. However, other physical defenses in rice including wax, trichomes, callose, and lignin are less explored. A detailed exploration of the morphological structures and functional consequences of physical defense structures in rice can assist in incorporating these resistance traits in plant breeding and genetic improvement programs, and thereby potentially reduce the use of chemicals in the field. This mini review addresses these points with a closer look at current literature and prospects on rice physical defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Balakrishnan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Nick Bateman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Rupesh R Kariyat
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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6
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Ma QH. Lignin Biosynthesis and Its Diversified Roles in Disease Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:295. [PMID: 38540353 PMCID: PMC10969841 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin is complex, three-dimensional biopolymer existing in plant cell wall. Lignin biosynthesis is increasingly highlighted because it is closely related to the wide applications in agriculture and industry productions, including in pulping process, forage digestibility, bio-fuel, and carbon sequestration. The functions of lignin in planta have also attracted more attentions recently, particularly in plant defense response against different pathogens. In this brief review, the progress in lignin biosynthesis is discussed, and the lignin's roles in disease resistance are thoroughly elucidated. This issue will help in developing broad-spectrum resistant crops in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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7
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Peracchi LM, Panahabadi R, Barros-Rios J, Bartley LE, Sanguinet KA. Grass lignin: biosynthesis, biological roles, and industrial applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343097. [PMID: 38463570 PMCID: PMC10921064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer found in most terrestrial plants that contributes an essential role in plant growth, abiotic stress tolerance, and biotic stress resistance. Recent research in grass lignin biosynthesis has found differences compared to dicots such as Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the prolific incorporation of hydroxycinnamic acids into grass secondary cell walls improve the structural integrity of vascular and structural elements via covalent crosslinking. Conversely, fundamental monolignol chemistry conserves the mechanisms of monolignol translocation and polymerization across the plant phylum. Emerging evidence suggests grass lignin compositions contribute to abiotic stress tolerance, and periods of biotic stress often alter cereal lignin compositions to hinder pathogenesis. This same recalcitrance also inhibits industrial valorization of plant biomass, making lignin alterations and reductions a prolific field of research. This review presents an update of grass lignin biosynthesis, translocation, and polymerization, highlights how lignified grass cell walls contribute to plant development and stress responses, and briefly addresses genetic engineering strategies that may benefit industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi M. Peracchi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Rahele Panahabadi
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Jaime Barros-Rios
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laura E. Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Karen A. Sanguinet
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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8
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Shi J, Zhang J, Sun D, Zhao L, Chi Y, Gao C, Wang Y, Wang C. Protein profile analysis of tension wood development in response to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111957. [PMID: 38122834 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is an excellent short-term hardwood species with growth and wood characteristics well suited to wood industries. To investigate the molecular mechanism of wood development in birch, a tension wood (TW) induced system was used to explore the regulatory mechanism at the protein level and identify the key proteins involved in xylem development in birch. The results of dyeing with Safranin O-Fast Green indicated that the cellulose content of TW was significantly higher than that of opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), and the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW after artificial bending of birch stems. Protein profile analysis of TW, NW and OW by iTRAQ revealed that there were 639 and 460 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between TW/OW and TW/NW, respectively. The DEPs were mainly enriched in tyrosine metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, phenylpropanoid and pyruvate metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), fructose and mannose metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, fatty acid biosynthesis, photosynthesis proteins and other pathways. The proteins in the citrate cycle were upregulated. The expression levels of PGI, PGM and FRK proteins related to cellulose synthesis increased and the expression levels of PAL, 4CL and COMT related to lignin synthesis decreased, leading to an increase in cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. PPI analysis revealed that key DEPs interact with each other, indicating that these proteins form complexes to implement this function, which may provide important insights for wood formation at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Leifei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yao Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Caiqiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China.
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García-Soto I, Formey D, Mora-Toledo A, Cárdenas L, Aragón W, Tromas A, Duque-Ortiz A, Jiménez-Bremont JF, Serrano M. AtRAC7/ROP9 Small GTPase Regulates A. thaliana Immune Systems in Response to B. cinerea Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:591. [PMID: 38203762 PMCID: PMC10779071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that can cause gray mold in over 1400 plant species. Once it is detected by Arabidopsis thaliana, several defense responses are activated against this fungus. The proper activation of these defenses determines plant susceptibility or resistance. It has been proposed that the RAC/ROP small GTPases might serve as a molecular link in this process. In this study, we investigate the potential role of the Arabidopsis RAC7 gene during infection with B. cinerea. For that, we evaluated A. thaliana RAC7-OX lines, characterized by the overexpression of the RAC7 gene. Our results reveal that these RAC7-OX lines displayed increased susceptibility to B. cinerea infection, with enhanced fungal colonization and earlier lesion development. Additionally, they exhibited heightened sensitivity to bacterial infections caused by Pseudomonas syringae and Pectobacterium brasiliense. By characterizing plant canonical defense mechanisms and performing transcriptomic profiling, we determined that RAC7-OX lines impaired the plant transcriptomic response before and during B. cinerea infection. Global pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes suggested that RAC7 influences pathogen perception, cell wall homeostasis, signal transduction, and biosynthesis and response to hormones and antimicrobial compounds through actin filament modulation. Herein, we pointed out, for first time, the negative role of RAC7 small GTPase during A. thaliana-B. cinerea interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette García-Soto
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
| | - Angélica Mora-Toledo
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Wendy Aragón
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino s/n, Tapachula 30798, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Alexandre Tromas
- La Cité College, Bureau de la Recherche et de l’Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1K 4R3, Canada;
| | - Arianna Duque-Ortiz
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.F.J.-B.)
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.F.J.-B.)
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
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10
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Li W, Lin YCJ, Chen YL, Zhou C, Li S, De Ridder N, Oliveira DM, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang JP, Xu C, Fu X, Luo K, Wu AM, Demura T, Lu MZ, Zhou Y, Li L, Umezawa T, Boerjan W, Chiang VL. Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:112-140. [PMID: 38102833 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species. We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees. We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | | | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nette De Ridder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taku Demura
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Science of Forest Plants and Microorganisms, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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11
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Cai M, Yang T, Fang S, Ye L, Gu L, Wang H, Du X, Zhu B, Zeng T, Peng T. Integrative Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Cd Tolerance in Sinapis alba. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2224. [PMID: 38137046 PMCID: PMC10742500 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, pollution caused by the heavy metal Cd has seriously affected the environment and agricultural crops. While Sinapis alba is known for its edible and medicinal value, its tolerance to Cd and molecular response mechanism remain unknown. This study aimed to analyze the tolerance of S. alba to Cd and investigate its molecular response mechanism through transcriptomic and physiological indicators. To achieve this, S. alba seedlings were treated with different concentrations of CdCl2 (0.25 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L, and 1.0 mmol/L) for three days. Based on seedling performance, S. alba exhibited some tolerance to a low concentration of Cd stress (0.25 mmol/L CdCl2) and a strong Cd accumulation ability in its roots. The activities and contents of several antioxidant enzymes generally exhibited an increase under the treatment of 0.25 mmol/L CdCl2 but decreased under the treatment of higher CdCl2 concentrations. In particular, the proline (Pro) content was extremely elevated under the 0.25 and 0.5 mmol/L CdCl2 treatments but sharply declined under the 1.0 mmol/L CdCl2 treatment, suggesting that Pro is involved in the tolerance of S. alba to low concentration of Cd stress. In addition, RNA sequencing was utilized to analyze the gene expression profiles of S. alba exposed to Cd (under the treatment of 0.25 mmol/L CdCl2). The results indicate that roots were more susceptible to disturbance from Cd stress, as evidenced by the detection of 542 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots compared to only 37 DEGs in leaves. GO and KEGG analyses found that the DEGs induced by Cd stress were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways, plant hormone signal transduction, and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The key pathway hub genes were mainly associated with intracellular ion transport and cell wall synthesis. These findings suggest that S. alba is tolerant to a degree of Cd stress, but is also susceptible to the toxic effects of Cd. Furthermore, these results provide a theoretical basis for understanding Cd tolerance in S. alba.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (M.C.); (T.Y.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.)
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12
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Wu H, He Q, He B, He S, Zeng L, Yang L, Zhang H, Wei Z, Hu X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Shang L, Wang S, Cui P, Xiong G, Qian Q, Wang Q. Gibberellin signaling regulates lignin biosynthesis to modulate rice seed shattering. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4383-4404. [PMID: 37738159 PMCID: PMC10689197 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of seed shattering was a key step in rice (Oryza sativa) domestication. In this paper, we show that increasing the gibberellic acid (GA) content or response in the abscission region enhanced seed shattering in rice. We demonstrate that SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), the key repressor of GA signaling, could physically interact with the rice seed shattering-related transcription factors quantitative trait locus of seed shattering on chromosome 1 (qSH1), O. sativa HOMEOBOX 15 (OSH15), and SUPERNUMERARY BRACT (SNB). Importantly, these physical interactions interfered with the direct binding of these three regulators to the lignin biosynthesis gene 4-COUMARATE: COENZYME A LIGASE 3 (4CL3), thereby derepressing its expression. Derepression of 4CL3 led to increased lignin deposition in the abscission region, causing reduced rice seed shattering. Importantly, we also show that modulating GA content could alter the degree of seed shattering to increase harvest efficiency. Our results reveal that the "Green Revolution" phytohormone GA is important for regulating rice seed shattering, and we provide an applicable breeding strategy for high-efficiency rice harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qi He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bing He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shuyi He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | | | - Longbo Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhaoran Wei
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xingming Hu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei 230026, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center of Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Suikang Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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13
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Ferguson ME, Eyles RP, Garcia-Oliveira AL, Kapinga F, Masumba EA, Amuge T, Bredeson JV, Rokhsar DS, Lyons JB, Shah T, Rounsley S, Mkamilo G. Candidate genes for field resistance to cassava brown streak disease revealed through the analysis of multiple data sources. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1270963. [PMID: 38023930 PMCID: PMC10655247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a food and industrial storage root crop with substantial potential to contribute to managing risk associated with climate change due to its inherent resilience and in providing a biodegradable option in manufacturing. In Africa, cassava production is challenged by two viral diseases, cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease. Here we detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with CBSD in a biparental mapping population of a Tanzanian landrace, Nachinyaya and AR37-80, phenotyped in two locations over three years. The purpose was to use the information to ultimately facilitate either marker-assisted selection or adjust weightings in genomic selection to increase the efficiency of breeding. Results from this study were considered in relation to those from four other biparental populations, of similar genetic backgrounds, that were phenotyped and genotyped simultaneously. Further, we investigated the co-localization of QTL for CBSD resistance across populations and the genetic relationships of parents based on whole genome sequence information. Two QTL on chromosome 4 for resistance to CBSD foliar symptoms and one on each of chromosomes 11 and 18 for root necrosis were of interest. Of significance within the candidate genes underlying the QTL on chromosome 4 are Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) genes and three PEPR1-related kinases associated with the lignin pathway. In addition, a CCR gene was also underlying the root necrosis-resistant QTL on chromosome 11. Upregulation of key genes in the cassava lignification pathway from an earlier transcriptome study, including PAL and CCR, in a CBSD-resistant landrace compared to a susceptible landrace suggests a higher level of basal lignin deposition in the CBSD-resistant landrace. Earlier RNAscope® in situ hybridisation imaging experiments demonstrate that cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) is restricted to phloem vessels in CBSV-resistant varieties, and phloem unloading for replication in mesophyll cells is prevented. The results provide evidence for the involvement of the lignin pathway. In addition, five eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) genes associated with plant virus resistance were found within the priority QTL regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag E. Ferguson
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rodney P. Eyles
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Fortunus Kapinga
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
- Cassava Breeding, Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, Mtwara, Tanzania
| | - Esther A. Masumba
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
- Cassava Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Kibaha, Tanzania
| | - Teddy Amuge
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
- Cassava Breeding, National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, Uganda
| | - Jessen V. Bredeson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Rokhsar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jessica B. Lyons
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Trushar Shah
- Bioinformatics, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steve Rounsley
- Seeds & Traits R&D, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Geoffrey Mkamilo
- Cassava Breeding, Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, Mtwara, Tanzania
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14
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Elakhdar A, El-Naggar AA, Kubo T, Kumamaru T. Genome-wide transcriptomic and functional analyses provide new insights into the response of spring barley to drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14089. [PMID: 38148212 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that impairs the physiology and development of plants, ultimately leading to crop yield losses. Drought tolerance is a complex quantitative trait influenced by multiple genes and metabolic pathways. However, molecular intricacies and subsequent morphological and physiological changes in response to drought stress remain elusive. Herein, we combined morpho-physiological and comparative RNA-sequencing analyses to identify core drought-induced marker genes and regulatory networks in the barley cultivar 'Giza134'. Based on field trials, drought-induced declines occurred in crop growth rate, relative water content, leaf area duration, flag leaf area, concentration of chlorophyll (Chl) a, b and a + b, net photosynthesis, and yield components. In contrast, the Chl a/b ratio, stoma resistance, and proline concentration increased significantly. RNA-sequence analysis identified a total of 2462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 1555 were up-regulated and 907 were down-regulated in response to water-deficit stress (WD). Comparative transcriptomics analysis highlighted three unique metabolic pathways (carbohydrate metabolism, iron ion binding, and oxidoreductase activity) as containing genes differentially expressed that could mitigate water stress. Our results identified several drought-induced marker genes belonging to diverse physiochemical functions like chlorophyll concentration, photosynthesis, light harvesting, gibberellin biosynthetic, iron homeostasis as well as Cis-regulatory elements. These candidate genes can be utilized to identify gene-associated markers to develop drought-resilient barley cultivars over a short period of time. Our results provide new insights into the understanding of water stress response mechanisms in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Elakhdar
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Naggar
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Takahiko Kubo
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumamaru
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Borah P, Sharma A, Sharma AK, Khurana P, Khurana JP. SCFOsFBK1 E3 ligase mediates jasmonic acid-induced turnover of OsATL53 and OsCCR14 to regulate lignification of rice anthers and roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6188-6204. [PMID: 36317370 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rice F-box protein OsFBK1, which mediates the turnover of a cinnamoyl CoA-reductase, OsCCR14, has previously been shown to regulate anther and root lignification. Here, we identify OsATL53, a member of the ATL family of RING-H2 proteins that interacts with OsCCR14 in the cytoplasm. OsATL53 was identified in the same yeast two-hybrid library screening as reported previously for OsCCR14, and we show it to have cytoplasmic localization and E3 ligase ubiquitination properties. SCFOsFBK1 mediates turnover of OsATL53 in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and that of OsCCR14 only in the nucleus, as shown by cell-free degradation assays. Confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy analyses demonstrate that in presence of jasmonic acid (JA), which plays a role in anther dehiscence, OsATL53-OsCCR14 undergoes conformational changes that trigger the complex to accumulate around the nuclear periphery and signals OsFBK1 to initiate degradation of the proteins in the respective cellular compartments. OsATL53 decreases the enzymatic activity of OsCCR14 and sequesters it in the cytoplasm, thereby regulating the lignification process. Transgenic rice with knockdown of OsATL53 display increased lignin deposition in the anthers and roots compared to the wild type, whilst knockdown of OsCCR14 results in decreased lignin content. Our results show that OsATL53 affects the activity of OsCCR14, and that their JA-induced degradation by SCFOsFBK1 regulates lignification of rice anthers and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikshya Borah
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi - 110021, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi - 110021, India
| | - Aishwarye Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi - 110021, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi - 110021, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi - 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi - 110021, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi - 110021, India
| | - Jitendra Paul Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi - 110021, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi - 110021, India
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16
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Chen X, Zou K, Li X, Chen F, Cheng Y, Li S, Tian L, Shang S. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Response of Susceptible and Resistant Bitter Melon ( Momordica charantia L.) to Powdery Mildew Infection Revealing Complex Resistance via Multiple Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14262. [PMID: 37762563 PMCID: PMC10532008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge of mitigating the decline in both yield and fruit quality due to the intrusion of powdery mildew (PM) fungus looms as a pivotal concern in the domain of bitter melon cultivation. Yet, the intricate mechanisms that underlie resistance against this pathogen remain inscrutable for the vast majority of bitter melon variants. In this inquiry, we delve deeply into the intricate spectrum of physiological variations and transcriptomic fluctuations intrinsic to the PM-resistant strain identified as '04-17-4' (R), drawing a sharp contrast with the PM-susceptible counterpart, designated as '25-15' (S), throughout the encounter with the pathogenic agent Podosphaera xanthii. In the face of the challenge presented by P. xanthii, the robust cultivar displays an extraordinary capacity to prolong the initiation of the pathogen's primary growth stage. The comprehensive exploration culminates in the discernment of 6635 and 6954 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in R and S strains, respectively. Clarification through the lens of enrichment analyses reveals a prevalence of enriched DEGs in pathways interconnected with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the interaction of plants with pathogens, and the signaling of plant hormones. Significantly, in the scope of the R variant, DEGs implicated in the pathways of plant-pathogen interaction phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, encompassing components such as calcium-binding proteins, calmodulin, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, conspicuously exhibit an escalated tendency upon the encounter with P. xanthii infection. Simultaneously, the genes governing the synthesis and transduction of SA undergo a marked surge in activation, while their counterparts in the JA signaling pathway experience inhibition following infection. These observations underscore the pivotal role played by SA/JA signaling cascades in choreographing the mechanism of resistance against P. xanthii in the R variant. Moreover, the recognition of 40 P. xanthii-inducible genes, encompassing elements such as pathogenesis-related proteins, calmodulin, WRKY transcription factors, and Downy mildew resistant 6, assumes pronounced significance as they emerge as pivotal contenders in the domain of disease control. The zenith of this study harmonizes multiple analytical paradigms, thus capturing latent molecular participants and yielding seminal resources crucial for the advancement of PM-resistant bitter melon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Chen
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kaixi Zou
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xuzhen Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Feifan Chen
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuyu Cheng
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shanming Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Libo Tian
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sang Shang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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17
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Balk M, Sofia P, Neffe AT, Tirelli N. Lignin, the Lignification Process, and Advanced, Lignin-Based Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11668. [PMID: 37511430 PMCID: PMC10380785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
At a time when environmental considerations are increasingly pushing for the application of circular economy concepts in materials science, lignin stands out as an under-used but promising and environmentally benign building block. This review focuses (A) on understanding what we mean with lignin, i.e., where it can be found and how it is produced in plants, devoting particular attention to the identity of lignols (including ferulates that are instrumental for integrating lignin with cell wall polysaccharides) and to the details of their coupling reactions and (B) on providing an overview how lignin can actually be employed as a component of materials in healthcare and energy applications, finally paying specific attention to the use of lignin in the development of organic shape-memory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balk
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Pietro Sofia
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- The Open University Affiliated Research Centre at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (ARC@IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Axel T Neffe
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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18
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Qian X, Zheng W, Hu J, Ma J, Sun M, Li Y, Liu N, Chen T, Wang M, Wang L, Hou X, Cai Q, Ye Z, Zhang F, Zhu Z. Identification and Expression Analysis of DFR Gene Family in Brassica napus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2583. [PMID: 37447144 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and is essential for the formation of plants' color. In this study, 26 BnDFR genes were identified using 6 Arabidopsis DFR genes as reference. The physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, and conserved structure of BnDFR proteins were analyzed; the evolutionary relationship, collinearity analysis, and expression characteristics of BnDFR genes were studied; and the correlation between the expression level of BnDFR genes and anthocyanin content in rape petals were analyzed. The results showed that the 26 BnDFRs were located in chloroplasts, cytoplasm, nuclei, and mitochondria, distributed on 17 chromosomes, and divided into 4 groups; members of the same group have a similar function, which may be related to the environmental response elements and plant hormone response elements. Intraspecific collinearity analysis showed 51 pairs of collinear genes, and interspecific collinearity analysis showed 30 pairs of collinear genes. Analysis of the expression levels of BnDFRs and anthocyanin content in different color rape petals showed that BnDFR6 and BnDFR26 might play an important role in the synthesis of anthocyanins in rape petals. This provides theoretical guidance for further analysis of the anthocyanin anabolism mechanism involved in the DFR gene in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Qian
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenyin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinxu Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengyuan Sun
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tianhua Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinzhe Hou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingao Cai
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaoshun Ye
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zonghe Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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King E, Wallner A, Guigard L, Rimbault I, Parrinello H, Klonowska A, Moulin L, Czernic P. Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN colonization of rice endosphere triggers an atypical transcriptomic response compared to rice native Burkholderia s.l. endophytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10696. [PMID: 37400579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant microbiome has recently emerged as a reservoir for the development of sustainable alternatives to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. However, the response of plants to beneficial microbes emerges as a critical issue to understand the molecular basis of plant-microbiota interactions. In this study, we combined root colonization, phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses to unravel the commonalities and specificities of the response of rice to closely related Burkholderia s.l. endophytes. In general, these results indicate that a rice-non-native Burkholderia s.l. strain, Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, is able to colonize the root endosphere while eliciting a markedly different response compared to rice-native Burkholderia s.l. strains. This demonstrates the variability of plant response to microbes from different hosts of origin. The most striking finding of the investigation was that a much more conserved response to the three endophytes used in this study is elicited in leaves compared to roots. In addition, transcriptional regulation of genes related to secondary metabolism, immunity, and phytohormones appear to be markers of strain-specific responses. Future studies need to investigate whether these findings can be extrapolated to other plant models and beneficial microbes to further advance the potential of microbiome-based solutions for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan King
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, l'Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrian Wallner
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, l'Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- SFR Condorcet - FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection (RIBP) - EA 4707, Cedex 2, BP1039, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Ludivine Guigard
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, l'Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Rimbault
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, l'Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Parrinello
- Montpellier GenomiX (MGX), c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnieszka Klonowska
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, l'Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Moulin
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, l'Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Czernic
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, l'Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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Mi Q, Pang H, Luan F, Gao P, Liu S. Integrated analysis of biparental and natural populations reveals CRIB domain-containing protein underlying seed coat crack trait in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:95. [PMID: 37014431 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The scc locus of the watermelon seed coat crack trait was fine mapped on chromosome 3. Cla97C03G056110 (annotated as CRIB domain-containing protein) was regarded as the most likely candidate gene Seed coat crack (scc) is a special characteristic of watermelon compared with other cucurbit crops. However, information regarding the genetic basis of this trait is limited. We conducted a genetic analysis of six generations derived from PI 192938 (scc) and Cream of Saskatchewan (COS) (non-scc) parental lines and found that the scc trait was regulated by a single recessive gene through two years. Bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and initial mapping placed the scc locus into an 808.8 kb region on chromosome 3. Evaluation of another 1152 F2 plants narrowed the scc locus to a 277.11 kb region containing 37 candidate genes. Due to the lack of molecular markers in the fine-mapping interval, we extracted the genome sequence variations in this 277.11 kb region with in silico BSA among seventeen re-sequenced lines (6 scc and 11 non-scc) and finally delimited the scc locus to an 8.34 kb region with only one candidate gene Cla97C03G056110 (CRIB domain-containing protein). Three single nucleotide polymorphism loci in the promoter region of Cla97C03G056110 altered cis-acting elements that were highly correlated with the nature watermelon panel. The expression of Cla97C03G056110 in seed coat tissue was higher in non-scc than in scc lines and was specifically expressed in seed coat compared with fruit flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongqian Pang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feishi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Wu J, Ge F, Zhu L, Liu N. Potential Toxic Mechanisms of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Rice: Inhibiting Auxin-Mediated Signal Transduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4852-4862. [PMID: 36926880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate application of pesticides not only causes sub-lethal effects on ecosystem service providers but also reduces crop yield and quality. As a xenobiotic signal molecule, pesticides may interact with signal transduction receptors in crops, resulting in oxidative damage and even metabolic perturbations. We discovered that three neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs), namely, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin, at 0.06-0.12 kg ai/ha significantly inhibited the auxin signal pathway in rice leaves, thereby reducing the intracellular auxin (IAA) content. Molecular simulation further confirmed that NIs occupied the binding site where auxin transporter-like proteins 1 (LAX11) and 2 (LAX12), in which Thr253 and Asn66 of LAX11, as well as Thr244 and Asn57 of LAX12, were bound to the nitroguanidine of NIs via H-bonds. Meanwhile, Asn66 of LAX11 and Asn57 of LAX12 interacted with nitroguanidine via aromatic H-bonds. Moreover, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was significantly disturbed because of the inhibited auxin signal pathway. Notably, peroxidase-coding genes were downregulated with a maximum value greater than 10-fold, resulting in decreased antioxidant metabolites flavone (37.82%) and lignin content (20.15%). Ultimately, rice biomass was reduced by up to 25.41% due to the decline in IAA content and antioxidant capacity. This study deeply explored the molecular mechanism of metabolic perturbations in crops stressed by pesticides, thus providing a scientific basis for pesticide environmental risk assessment and agricultural product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Wu
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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22
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Liu L, Yan W, Liu B. Transcriptome sequencing of Cocos nucifera leaves in response to Rhynchophorus ferrugineus infestation. Front Genet 2023; 14:1115392. [PMID: 36824438 PMCID: PMC9942928 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Red palm weevil (RPW, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is an invasive pest of palms. In China, coconut (Cocos nucifera) production is being significantly affected by the RPW attack. To develop a long-term RPW control strategy, host-plant resistance is the most sustainable option. In this regard, the availability of transcriptome sequencing data from RPW-infected coconut plants can be highly useful. Therefore, the present study assessed coconut leaf physiological responses and transcriptional changes after different days of RPW attack i.e., 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days after infestation (DAI). A comparison of physiological data indicated that populations with the higher number of RPW insects i.e., population C (15 males +21 females) and D (20 males +28 females) triggered higher antioxidant enzyme activities. We used this data to study the transcriptomic responses on 5 and 20 DAI. Of the 38,432 detected transcripts, 3,984, 1,981, 3,925, and 2,257 were differentially expressed in CK (control/no RPW)_vs._C (5 DAI), CK_vs._D (5 DAI), CK_vs._C (20 DAI), and CK_vs._D (20 DAI), respectively. These transcripts were enriched in plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and reactive oxygen scavenging pathway. We discuss these results and present several candidate genes to be manipulated for developing a sustainable strategy to control RPW attack regarding host-plant resistance. Furthermore, these findings provide a basis for developing effective early and late RPW attack detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- *Correspondence: Li Liu, ; Wei Yan,
| | - Wei Yan
- *Correspondence: Li Liu, ; Wei Yan,
| | - Bo Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
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Wang Y, Xu J, Zhao W, Li J, Chen J. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and genetic diversity of CCR gene family in Dalbergia odorifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064262. [PMID: 36600926 PMCID: PMC9806228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lignin is a complex aromatic polymer plays major biological roles in maintaining the structure of plants and in defending them against biotic and abiotic stresses. Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) is the first enzyme in the lignin-specific biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing the conversion of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA into hydroxy cinnamaldehyde. Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen is a rare rosewood species for furniture, crafts and medicine. However, the CCR family genes in D. odorifera have not been identified, and their function in lignin biosynthesis remain uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, a total of 24 genes, with their complete domains were identified. Detailed sequence characterization and multiple sequence alignment revealed that the DoCCR protein sequences were relatively conserved. They were divided into three subfamilies and were unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that seven DoCCRs were grouped together with functionally characterized CCRs of dicotyledons involved in developmental lignification. Synteny analysis showed that segmental and tandem duplications were crucial in the expansion of CCR family in D. odorifera, and purifying selection emerged as the main force driving these genes evolution. Cis-acting elements in the putative promoter regions of DoCCRs were mainly associated with stress, light, hormones, and growth/development. Further, analysis of expression profiles from the RNA-seq data showed distinct expression patterns of DoCCRs among different tissues and organs, as well as in response to stem wounding. Additionally, 74 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified within 19 DoCCRs, located in the intron or untranslated regions (UTRs), and mononucleotide predominated. A pair of primers with high polymorphism and good interspecific generality was successfully developed from these SSRs, and 7 alleles were amplified in 105 wild D. odorifera trees from 17 areas covering its whole native distribution. DISCUSSION Overall, this study provides a basis for further functional dissection of CCR gene families, as well as breeding improvement for wood properties and stress resistance in D. odorifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, School of Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jieru Xu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, School of Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, School of Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, School of Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, School of Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Research Institute of Forestry, Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, China
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Liu H, Wang Q, Xie L, Xu K, Zhang F, Ruan X, Li L, Tan G. Genome-wide identification of cystathionine beta synthase genes in wheat and its relationship with anther male sterility under heat stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1061472. [PMID: 36589045 PMCID: PMC9795209 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) domains containing proteins (CDCPs) plays an important role in plant development through regulation of the thioredoxin system, as well as its ability to respond to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Despite this, no systematic study has examined the wheat CBS gene family and its relation to high temperature-induced male sterility. In this study, 66 CBS family members were identified in the wheat genome, and their gene or protein sequences were used for subsequent analysis. The TaCBS gene family was found to be unevenly distributed on 21 chromosomes, and they were classified into four subgroups according to their gene structure and phylogeny. The results of collinearity analysis showed that there were 25 shared orthologous genes between wheat, rice and Brachypodium distachyon, and one shared orthologous gene between wheat, millet and barley. The cis-regulatory elements of the TaCBS were related to JA, IAA, MYB, etc. GO and KEGG pathway analysis identified these TaCBS genes to be associated with pollination, reproduction, and signaling and cellular processes, respectively. A heatmap of wheat plants based on transcriptome data showed that TaCBS genes were expressed to a higher extent in spikelets relative to other tissues. In addition, 29 putative tae-miRNAs were identified, targeting 41 TaCBS genes. Moreover, qRT-PCR validation of six TaCBS genes indicated their critical role in anther development, as five of them were expressed at lower levels in heat-stressed male sterile anthers than in Normal anthers. Together with anther phenotypes, paraffin sections, starch potassium iodide staining, and qRT-PCR data, we hypothesized that the TaCBS gene has a very important connection with the heat-stressed sterility process in wheat, and these data provide a basis for further insight into their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhan Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Network Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Liuyong Xie
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Institute of Plant Protection and Edible Mushrooms, Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Xianle Ruan
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Guangxuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
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Yadav V, Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhang X. Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the role of phytohormones and phenylpropanoid pathway in early-stage resistance against powdery mildew in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1016822. [PMID: 36340394 PMCID: PMC9632293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1016822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Yield and fruit quality loss by powdery mildew (PM) fungus is a major concern in cucurbits, but early-stage resistance mechanisms remain elusive in the majority of cucurbits. Here, we explored the comparative transcriptomic dynamics profiling of resistant line ZXG1755 (R) and susceptible line ZXG1996 (S) 48 h post-inoculation in watermelon seedlings to check precise expression changes induced by Podosphaera. xanthii race '2F'. Phenotypic responses were confirmed by microscopy and endogenous levels of defense and signaling related phytochromes were detected higher in resistant lines. In total, 7642 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, and 57.27% of genes were upregulated in four combinations. DEGs were predominantly abundant in the KEGG pathway linked with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone and transduction, and phenylalanine metabolism, whereas GO terms of defense response, response to fungus, and chitin response were predominant in resistant lines, evidencing significant defense mechanisms and differences in the basal gene expression levels between these contrasting lines. The expression of selected DEGs from major pathways (hormonal, lignin, peroxidase, sugar) were validated via qRT-PCR. Detailed analysis of DEGs evidenced that along with other DEGs, genes including PR1 (Cla97C02G034020) and PRX (Cla97C11G207220/30, Cla97C02G045100 and Cla97C02G049950) should be studied for their potential role. In short, our study portrayed strong evidence indicating the important role of a complex network associated with lignin biosynthesis and phytohormone related downstream mechanisms that are responsible for incompatible interaction between PM and watermelon resistance line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, China
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C3H Expression Is Crucial for Methyl Jasmonate Induction of Chicoric Acid Production by Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench Cell Suspension Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911179. [PMID: 36232482 PMCID: PMC9570471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is one of the most economically important medicinal plants, cultivated worldwide for its high medicinal value and with several industrial applications in both pharmaceutical and food industries. Thanks to its various phytochemical contents, including caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), E. purpurea extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immuno-stimulating properties. Among CADs, chicoric acid is one of the most important compounds which have shown important pharmacological properties. The present research was aimed at optimizing the production of chicoric acid in E. purpurea cell culture. Methyl jasmonate (MeJa) at different concentrations and for different duration of treatments was utilized as elicitor, and the content of total polyphenols and chicoric acid was measured. Several genes involved in the chicoric acid biosynthetic pathway were selected, and their expression evaluated at different time points of cell culture growth. This was performed with the aim of identifying the most suitable putative molecular markers to be used as a proxy for the early prediction of chicoric acid contents, without the need of expensive quantification methods. A correlation between the production of chicoric acid in response to MeJa and an increased response to oxidative stress was also proposed.
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Singh S, Sharma R, Nepolean T, Nayak SN, Pushpavathi B, Khan AW, Srivastava RK, Varshney RK. Identification of genes controlling compatible and incompatible reactions of pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum) against blast ( Magnaporthe grisea) pathogen through RNA-Seq. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:981295. [PMID: 36212352 PMCID: PMC9544386 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.981295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blast [Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Barr] is an economically important disease in Asian pearl millet production ecologies. The recurrent occurrence of blast in the past one decade has caused enormous strain on grain and forage production. Identification of resistance genes is an important step to develop durable varieties. The present study is the first attempt to use RNA-Seq to investigate the transcript dynamics in a pearl millet inbred ICMB 93333, which had a unique differential reaction to two isolates-Pg 45 (avirulent) and Pg 174 (virulent) of M. grisea. The inbred was inoculated by both isolates and samples taken at six different time intervals for genome-wide RNA-Seq experiment. The transcriptome results revealed the differential expression of more than 2,300 genes. The time-specific comparison showed activation or repression of specific genes in various pathways. Genes and transcriptions factors related to pathogenesis-related proteins, reactive oxygen species generating and its scavenging genes, cell wall defense, primary and secondary metabolic pathways, and signaling pathways were identified by comparing the host-plant compatible and incompatible interactions. The genes identified from this experiment could be useful to understand the host-plant resistance and design novel strategies to manage blast disease in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajan Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | | | - Spurthi N. Nayak
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Bheemavarapu Pushpavathi
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aamir W. Khan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
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Zhao X, Li P, Liu X, Xu T, Zhang Y, Meng H, Xia T. High temperature increased lignin contents of poplar (Populus spp) stem via inducing the synthesis caffeate and coniferaldehyde. Front Genet 2022; 13:1007513. [PMID: 36160001 PMCID: PMC9500204 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin contributes to plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and is dominantly regulated by enzymes which catalyze the generation of metabolites intermediates in lignin synthesis. However, the response of lignin and its key regulatory factors to high temperature stress are poorly understood. Here, this finding revealed that the content of lignin in poplar (Populus spp) stem increased after 3 days of high temperature stress treatment. In fourteen metabolic intermediates of lignin biosynthetic pathway with targeted metabolomics analysis, caffeate and coniferaldehyde increased evidently upon heat stress. C3’H (p-Coumaroylshikimate 3-hydroxylase) and CCR (Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase) are recognized to catalyze the formation of caffeate and coniferaldehyde, respectively. Transcriptome data and RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) analysis uncovered the high transcriptional level of PtrMYBs (PtrMYB021, PtrMYB074, PtrMYB85, PtrMYB46), PtrC3’H1 (Potri.006G033300) and PtrCCR2 (Potri.003G181400), suggesting that they played the vital role in the increase of lignin and its metabolic intermediates were induced by high temperature. The discovery of key regulators and metabolic intermediates in lignin pathway that respond to high temperature provides a theoretical basis for quality improvement of lignin and the application of forest resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Haifeng Meng
- Tai’an Forestry Protection and Development Center, Tai’an, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Xia,
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Comprehensive Analysis of Subcellular Localization, Immune Function and Role in Bacterial wilt Disease Resistance of Solanum lycopersicum Linn. ROP Family Small GTPases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179727. [PMID: 36077125 PMCID: PMC9456112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ROPs (Rho-like GTPases from plants) belong to the Rho-GTPase subfamily and serve as molecular switches for regulating diverse cellular events, including morphogenesis and stress responses. However, the immune functions of ROPs in Solanum lycopersicum Linn. (tomato) is still largely unclear. The tomato genome contains nine genes encoding ROP-type small GTPase family proteins (namely SlRop1–9) that fall into five distinct groups as revealed by phylogenetic tree. We studied the subcellular localization and immune response induction of nine SlRops by using a transient overexpression system in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. Except for SlRop1 and SlRop3, which are solely localized at the plasma membrane, most of the remaining ROPs have additional nuclear and/or cytoplasmic distributions. We also revealed that the number of basic residues in the polybasic region of ROPs tends to be correlated with their membrane accumulation. Though nine SlRops are highly conserved at the RHO (Ras Homology) domains, only seven constitutively active forms of SlRops were able to trigger hypersensitive responses. Furthermore, we analyzed the tissue-specific expression patterns of nine ROPs and found that the expression levels of SlRop3, 4 and 6 were generally high in different tissues. The expression levels of SlRop1, 2 and 7 significantly decreased in tomato seedlings after infection with Ralstonia solanacearum (E.F. Smith) Yabuuchi et al. (GMI1000); the others did not respond. Infection assays among nine ROPs showed that SlRop3 and SlRop4 might be positive regulators of tomato bacterial wilt disease resistance, whereas the rest of the ROPs may not contribute to defense. Our study provides systematic evidence of tomato Rho-related small GTPases for localization, immune response, and disease resistance.
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Ereful NC, Lalusin AG, Laurena AC. Assessing Loss of Regulatory Divergence, Genome-Transcriptome Incongruence, and Preferential Expression Switching in Abaca × Banana Backcrosses. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1396. [PMID: 36011307 PMCID: PMC9407414 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Musa textilis var. Abuab has high fiber quality (FQ) but is susceptible to abaca bunchy top virus (AbBTV); the Musa balbisiana var. Pacol has low FQ but is resistant against AbBTV. Their backcrosses (BC2 and BC3) possess both desirable traits. Analysis using RNA-seq showed that the regulatory divergence of Abuab and Pacol is largely explained by cis differences with 27.4% and 22.3% if we are to assess it using BC2 and BC3, respectively. Cis differences between the two genotypes are significantly reduced from BC2 to BC3 due to changes in genomic constitution. Trans, on the other hand, is robust to changes in allelic composition. All these are attributed to the loss of heterozygosity in BC3 relative to BC2. Further analysis showed that both backcrosses exhibited genome-wide preferential expression of Pacol- over Abuab-specific alleles, despite the wider genetic presence of the latter in the hybrids. The ratio of the two genotype-specific expressed transcripts and the ratio of their corresponding genetic make-up are significantly disproportionate, a phenomenon that we refer to here as "genome-transcriptome incongruence". We also observed preferential expression switching in which several genes prefer the Abuab- (or Pacol-) specific allele in BC2 but switched to the Pacol- (or Abuab-) specific allele in the BC3 genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelzo C. Ereful
- Biochemistry Laboratory–Plant Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Philippine Genome Center for Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Antonio G. Lalusin
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Antonio C. Laurena
- Philippine Genome Center for Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
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Proteomics Evidence of a Systemic Response to Desiccation in the Resurrection Plant Haberlea rhodopensis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158520. [PMID: 35955654 PMCID: PMC9369045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming and drought stress are expected to have a negative impact on agricultural productivity. Desiccation-tolerant species, which are able to tolerate the almost complete desiccation of their vegetative tissues, are appropriate models to study extreme drought tolerance and identify novel approaches to improve the resistance of crops to drought stress. In the present study, to better understand what makes resurrection plants extremely tolerant to drought, we performed transmission electron microscopy and integrative large-scale proteomics, including organellar and phosphorylation proteomics, and combined these investigations with previously published transcriptomic and metabolomics data from the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis. The results revealed new evidence about organelle and cell preservation, posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation, photosynthesis, primary metabolism, autophagy, and cell death in response to desiccation in H. rhodopensis. Different protective intrinsically disordered proteins, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), and heat shock proteins (HSPs), were detected. We also found a constitutively abundant dehydrin in H. rhodopensis whose phosphorylation levels increased under stress in the chloroplast fraction. This integrative multi-omics analysis revealed a systemic response to desiccation in H. rhodopensis and certain targets for further genomic and evolutionary studies on DT mechanisms and genetic engineering towards the improvement of drought tolerance in crops.
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Baez LA, Tichá T, Hamann T. Cell wall integrity regulation across plant species. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:483-504. [PMID: 35674976 PMCID: PMC9213367 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are highly dynamic and chemically complex structures surrounding all plant cells. They provide structural support, protection from both abiotic and biotic stress as well as ensure containment of turgor. Recently evidence has accumulated that a dedicated mechanism exists in plants, which is monitoring the functional integrity of cell walls and initiates adaptive responses to maintain integrity in case it is impaired during growth, development or exposure to biotic and abiotic stress. The available evidence indicates that detection of impairment involves mechano-perception, while reactive oxygen species and phytohormone-based signaling processes play key roles in translating signals generated and regulating adaptive responses. More recently it has also become obvious that the mechanisms mediating cell wall integrity maintenance and pattern triggered immunity are interacting with each other to modulate the adaptive responses to biotic stress and cell wall integrity impairment. Here we will review initially our current knowledge regarding the mode of action of the maintenance mechanism, discuss mechanisms mediating responses to biotic stresses and highlight how both mechanisms may modulate adaptive responses. This first part will be focused on Arabidopsis thaliana since most of the relevant knowledge derives from this model organism. We will then proceed to provide perspective to what extent the relevant molecular mechanisms are conserved in other plant species and close by discussing current knowledge of the transcriptional machinery responsible for controlling the adaptive responses using selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alonso Baez
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tereza Tichá
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Wiggins G, Thomas J, Rahmatallah Y, Deen C, Haynes A, Degon Z, Glazko G, Mukherjee A. Common gene expression patterns are observed in rice roots during associations with plant growth-promoting bacteria, Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Azospirillum brasilense. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8827. [PMID: 35614083 PMCID: PMC9132972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-legume plants such as rice and maize can form beneficial associations with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) such as Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Azospirillum brasilense. Several studies have shown that these PGPB promote plant growth via multiple mechanisms. Our current understanding of the molecular aspects and signaling between plants like rice and PGPB like Herbaspirillum seropedicae is limited. In this study, we used an experimental system where H. seropedicae could colonize the plant roots and promote growth in wild-type rice. Using this experimental setup, we identified 1688 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in rice roots, 1 day post-inoculation (dpi) with H. seropedicae. Several of these DEGs encode proteins involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, defense, hormone signaling pathways, and nitrate and sugar transport. We validated the expression pattern of some genes via RT-PCR. Next, we compared the DEGs identified in this study to those we previously identified in rice roots during associations with another PGPB, Azospirillum brasilense. We identified 628 genes that were differentially expressed during both associations. The expression pattern of these genes suggests that some of these are likely to play a significant role(s) during associations with both H. seropedicae and A. brasilense and are excellent targets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Wiggins
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Jacklyn Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Yasir Rahmatallah
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Connor Deen
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Allee Haynes
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Zachariah Degon
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Galina Glazko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Arijit Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA.
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Yang X, Gu X, Ding J, Yao L, Gao X, Zhang M, Meng Q, Wei S, Fu J. Gene expression analysis of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars to sheath blight after inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:278. [PMID: 35392815 PMCID: PMC8991730 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris), is one of the most severe diseases in rice (Oryza sativa L.) worldwide. Studies on resistance genes and resistance mechanisms of rice sheath blight have mainly focused on indica rice. Rice sheath blight is a growing threat to rice production with the increasing planting area of japonica rice in Northeast China, and it is therefore essential to explore the mechanism of sheath blight resistance in this rice subspecies. RESULTS In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to analyse the gene expression changes of leaf sheath at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after inoculation of the resistant cultivar 'Shennong 9819' and susceptible cultivar 'Koshihikari' with R. solani. In the early stage of R. solani infection of rice leaf sheaths, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the inoculated leaf sheaths of resistant and susceptible cultivars showed different regularity. After inoculation, the number of DEGs in the resistant cultivar fluctuated, while the number of DEGs in the susceptible cultivar increased first and then decreased. In addition, the number of DEGs in the susceptible cultivar was always higher than that in the resistant cultivar. After inoculation with R. solani, the overall transcriptome changes corresponding to multiple biological processes, molecular functions, and cell components were observed in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. These included metabolic process, stimulus response, biological regulation, catalytic activity, binding and membrane, and they were differentially regulated. The phenylalanine metabolic pathway; tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways; and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly enriched in the early stage of inoculation of the resistant cultivar Shennong 9819, but not in the susceptible cultivar Koshihikari. This indicates that the response of the resistant cultivar Shennong 9819 to pathogen stress was faster than that of the susceptible cultivar. The expression of plant defense response marker PR1b gene, transcription factor OsWRKY30 and OsPAL1 and OsPAL6 genes that induce plant resistance were upregulated in the resistant cultivar. These data suggest that in the early stage of rice infection by R. solani, there is a pathogen-induced defence system in resistant rice cultivars, involving the expression of PR genes, key transcription factors, PAL genes, and the enrichment of defence-related pathways. CONCLUSION The transcriptome data revealed the molecular and biochemical differences between resistant and susceptible cultivars of rice after inoculation with R. solani, indicating that resistant cultivars have an immune response mechanism in the early stage of pathogen infection. Disease resistance is related to the overexpression of PR genes, key transcriptome factors, and PAL genes, which are potential targets for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.,Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liangliang Yao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuedong Gao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Maoming Zhang
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingying Meng
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Songhong Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.
| | - Junfan Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.
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Bang SW, Choi S, Jin X, Jung SE, Choi JW, Seo JS, Kim J. Transcriptional activation of rice CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE 10 by OsNAC5, contributes to drought tolerance by modulating lignin accumulation in roots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:736-747. [PMID: 34786790 PMCID: PMC8989508 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a common abiotic stress for terrestrial plants and often affects crop development and yield. Recent studies have suggested that lignin plays a crucial role in plant drought tolerance; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) gene CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE 10 (OsCCR10) is directly activated by the OsNAC5 transcription factor, which mediates drought tolerance through regulating lignin accumulation. CCR is the first committed enzyme in the monolignol synthesis pathway, and the expression of 26 CCR genes was observed to be induced in rice roots under drought. Subcellular localisation assays revealed that OsCCR10 is a catalytically active enzyme that is localised in the cytoplasm. The OsCCR10 transcript levels were found to increase in response to abiotic stresses, such as drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid (ABA), and transcripts were detected in roots at all developmental stages. In vitro enzyme activity and in vivo lignin composition assay suggested that OsCCR10 is involved in H- and G-lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsCCR10 showed improved drought tolerance at the vegetative stages of growth, as well as higher photosynthetic efficiency, lower water loss rates, and higher lignin content in roots compared to non-transgenic (NT) controls. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated OsCCR10 knock-out mutants exhibited reduced lignin accumulation in roots and less drought tolerance. Notably, transgenic rice plants with root-preferential overexpression of OsCCR10 exhibited higher grain yield than NT controls plants under field drought conditions, indicating that lignin biosynthesis mediated by OsCCR10 contributes to drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woon Bang
- Crop Biotechnology InstituteGreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Seowon Choi
- Crop Biotechnology InstituteGreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Xuanjun Jin
- Graduate School of International Agricultural TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Institute of Green Eco EngineeringGreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Se Eun Jung
- Crop Biotechnology InstituteGreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Joon Weon Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Institute of Green Eco EngineeringGreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Jun Sung Seo
- Crop Biotechnology InstituteGreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Ju‐Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology InstituteGreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhao H, Xia Y, Zheng X, Fan R, Tan Z, Duan C, Fu Y, Li L, Ye J, Tang S, Hu H, Xie W, Yao X, Guo L. Multi-omics analysis dissects the genetic architecture of seed coat content in Brassica napus. Genome Biol 2022; 23:86. [PMID: 35346318 PMCID: PMC8962237 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brassica napus is an important vegetable oil source worldwide. Seed coat content is a complex quantitative trait that negatively correlates with the seed oil content in B. napus. Results Here we provide insights into the genetic basis of natural variation of seed coat content by transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using 382 B. napus accessions. By population transcriptomic analysis, we identify more than 700 genes and four gene modules that are significantly associated with seed coat content. We also characterize three reliable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling seed coat content by GWAS. Combining TWAS and correlation networks of seed coat content-related gene modules, we find that BnaC07.CCR-LIKE (CCRL) and BnaTT8s play key roles in the determination of the trait by modulating lignin biosynthesis. By expression GWAS analysis, we identify a regulatory hotspot on chromosome A09, which is involved in controlling seed coat content through BnaC07.CCRL and BnaTT8s. We then predict the downstream genes regulated by BnaTT8s using multi-omics datasets. We further experimentally validate that BnaCCRL and BnaTT8 positively regulate seed coat content and lignin content. BnaCCRL represents a novel identified gene involved in seed coat development. Furthermore, we also predict the key genes regulating carbon allocation between phenylpropane compounds and oil during seed development in B. napus. Conclusions This study helps us to better understand the complex machinery of seed coat development and provides a genetic resource for genetic improvement of seed coat content in B. napus breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02647-5.
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Akamatsu A, Fujiwara M, Hamada S, Wakabayashi M, Yao A, Wang Q, Kosami KI, Dang TT, Kaneko-Kawano T, Fukada F, Shimamoto K, Kawano Y. The Small GTPase OsRac1 Forms Two Distinct Immune Receptor Complexes Containing the PRR OsCERK1 and the NLR Pit. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1662-1675. [PMID: 34329461 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ two different types of immune receptors, cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs), to cope with pathogen invasion. Both immune receptors often share similar downstream components and responses but it remains unknown whether a PRR and an NLR assemble into the same protein complex or two distinct receptor complexes. We have previously found that the small GTPase OsRac1 plays key roles in the signaling of OsCERK1, a PRR for fungal chitin, and of Pit, an NLR for rice blast fungus, and associates directly and indirectly with both of these immune receptors. In this study, using biochemical and bioimaging approaches, we revealed that OsRac1 formed two distinct receptor complexes with OsCERK1 and with Pit. Supporting this result, OsCERK1 and Pit utilized different transport systems for anchorage to the plasma membrane (PM). Activation of OsCERK1 and Pit led to OsRac1 activation and, concomitantly, OsRac1 shifted from a small to a large protein complex fraction. We also found that the chaperone Hsp90 contributed to the proper transport of Pit to the PM and the immune induction of Pit. These findings illuminate how the PRR OsCERK1 and the NLR Pit orchestrate rice immunity through the small GTPase OsRac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Akamatsu
- Department of Biosciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Yanmar Holdings Co., Ltd, 1-32 Chayamachi, Kita Ward, Osaka 530-8311, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hamada
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Megumi Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Field Solutions North East Asia, Agronomic Operations Japan, Agronomic Technology Station East Japan, Bayer Crop Science K.K., 9511-4 Yuki, Ibaraki 307-0001, Japan
| | - Ai Yao
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ken-Ichi Kosami
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
- Fruit Tree Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Matsuyama, 1618 Shimoidaicho, Ehime 791-0112, Japan
| | - Thu Thi Dang
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
- IRHS-UMR1345, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé 49071, France
| | - Takako Kaneko-Kawano
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1 Chome-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Fumi Fukada
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maiokachō, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan
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Jing XQ, Li WQ, Zhou MR, Shi PT, Zhang R, Shalmani A, Muhammad I, Wang GF, Liu WT, Chen KM. Rice Carbohydrate-Binding Malectin-Like Protein, OsCBM1, Contributes to Drought-Stress Tolerance by Participating in NADPH Oxidase-Mediated ROS Production. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:100. [PMID: 34874506 PMCID: PMC8651890 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding malectin/malectin-like domain-containing proteins (CBMs) are a recently identified protein subfamily of lectins that participates various functional bioprocesses in the animal, bacterial, and plant kingdoms. However, little is known the roles of CBMs in rice development and stress response. In this study, OsCBM1, which encodes a protein containing only one malectin-like domain, was cloned and characterized. OsCBM1 is localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Its transcripts are dominantly expressed in leaves and could be significantly stimulated by a number of phytohormone applications and abiotic stress treatments. Overexpression of OsCBM1 increased drought tolerance and reactive oxygen species production in rice, whereas the knockdown of the gene decreased them. OsCBM1 physically interacts with OsRbohA, a NADPH oxidase, and the expression of OsCBM1 in osrbohA, an OsRbohA-knockout mutant, is significantly downregulated under both normal growth and drought stress conditions. Meanwhile, OsCBM1 can also physically interacts with OsRacGEF1, a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rop/Rac GTPase OsRac1, and transient coexpression of OsCBM1 with OaRacGEF1 significantly enhanced ROS production. Further transcriptome analysis showed that multiple signaling regulatory mechanisms are involved in the OsCBM1-mediated processes. All these results suggest that OsCBM1 participates in NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production by interacting with OsRbohA and OsRacGEF1, contributing to drought stress tolerance of rice. Multiple signaling pathways are likely involved in the OsCBM1-mediated stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619 Shanxi China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Meng-Ru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Peng-Tao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Gang-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Bhuiyan SA, Magarey RC, McNeil MD, Aitken KS. Sugarcane Smut, Caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, a Major Disease of Sugarcane: A Contemporary Review. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1905-1917. [PMID: 34241540 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-21-0221-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane smut caused by the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum is one of the major diseases of sugarcane worldwide, causing significant losses in productivity and profitability of this perennial crop. Teliospores of this fungus are airborne, can travel long distances, and remain viable in hot and dry conditions for >6 months. The disease is easily recognized by its long whiplike sorus produced on the apex or side shoots of sugarcane stalks. Each sorus can release ≤100 million teliospores in a day; the spores are small (≤7.5 µ) and light and can survive in harsh environmental conditions. The airborne teliospores are the primary mode of smut spread around the world and across cane-growing regions. The most effective method of managing this disease is via resistant varieties. Because of the complex genomic makeup of sugarcane, selection for resistant traits is difficult in sugarcane breeding programs. In recent times, the application of molecular markers as a rapid tool of discarding susceptible genotypes early in the selection program has been investigated. Large effect resistance loci have been identified and have the potential to be used for marker-assisted selection to increase the frequency of resistant breeding lines in breeding programs. Recent developments in omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have contributed to our understanding and provided insights into the mechanism of resistance and susceptibility. This knowledge will further our understanding of smut and its interactions with sugarcane genotypes and aid in the development of durable resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul A Bhuiyan
- Sugar Research Australia, Woodford, QLD 4514, Australia, and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - Meredith D McNeil
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen S Aitken
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Ramakrishna B, Sarma PVSRN, Ankati S, Bhuvanachandra B, Podile AR. Elicitation of defense response by transglycosylated chitooligosaccharides in rice seedlings. Carbohydr Res 2021; 510:108459. [PMID: 34700217 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain chitooligosaccharides (COS) with degree of polymerization (DP) more than 4 are known to have potential biological activities. A hyper-transglycosylating mutant of an endo-chitinase from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD-Y28A) was used to synthesize COS with DP6 and DP7 using COS DP5 as substrate. Purified COS with DP5-7 were tested to elicit the defense response in rice seedlings. Among the COS used, DP7 strongly induced oxidative burst response as well as peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activites. A few selected marker genes in salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid-dependent pathways were evaluated by real-time PCR. The expression levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PR1a and PR10 and defense response genes (chitinase1, peroxidase and β -1,3-glucanase) were up regulated upon COS treatment in rice seedlings. The DP7 induced Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and Isochorismate synthase 1 genes, with concomitant increase of Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 and WRKY45 transcription factor genes indicated the possible role of phosphorylation in the transmission of a signal to induce SA-mediated defense response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellamkonda Ramakrishna
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - P V S R N Sarma
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sravani Ankati
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Bhoopal Bhuvanachandra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Appa Rao Podile
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
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Liu H, Sun Z, Hu L, Li C, Wang X, Yue Z, Han Y, Yang G, Ma K, Yin G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Male Sterile Anthers Induced by High Temperature in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:727966. [PMID: 34759937 PMCID: PMC8573241 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.727966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Global warming will have a negative effect on agricultural production as high temperature (HT) stress can seriously threaten plant growth and reproduction. Male sterility caused by HT may be exploited by the creation of a male-sterile line, which has great potential for application in crop heterosis. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of anther abortion induced by HT in wheat, which remain unclear at present. In this study, we performed phenotype improve language in the abstract and comparative transcriptome analysis of the male sterile anthers induced by HT in wheat. Compared with Normal anthers, the cytological analysis indicated that HT-induced male sterile anthers were smaller and had no starch accumulation in pollen grains, which is consistent with the results observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 9601 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by transcriptome sequencing compared with the Normal anthers were noticeably involved in the following pathways: starch and sucrose metabolism, phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling system, peroxidase activity and response to oxidative stress, and heme binding. In addition, TUNEL assays were performed and the results further confirmed the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sterile anthers. Moreover, a total of 38 hub genes were obtained from the protein-protein interaction network analysis of these pathways, including genes, for example, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), thioredoxin-like protein 1, peroxidase (POD), calreticulin, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase), sucrose synthase, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-Kinase (PIP5K), cytochrome c, and Cystathionine beta-synthase X6-like (CBSX6-like). These findings provide insights for predicting the functions of the candidate genes, and the comprehensive analysis of our results is helpful for studying the abortive interaction mechanism induced by HT in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhan Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou, China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Lizong Hu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Chaoqiong Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Zonghao Yue
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yulin Han
- Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou, China
| | - Guangyu Yang
- Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou, China
| | - Keshi Ma
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Guihong Yin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Noronha H, Garcia V, Silva A, Delrot S, Gallusci P, Gerós H. Molecular reprogramming in grapevine woody tissues at bud burst. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:110984. [PMID: 34482904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perennial woody plants undergo a period of dormancy from the beginning of autumn until the end of spring. Whereas the molecular and physiological events that characterize dormancy release of buds have been described in detail, those occurring in woody tissues underneath the buds are mostly unknown. To bridge this gap, the mRNA populations of cane segments located underneath the bud were analyzed at bud dormancy (E-L 1) and at bud burst (E-L 4). They revealed an important reprogramming of gene expression suggesting that cell division, cell wall metabolism and the mobilization of sugars are the main metabolic and cellular events occurring in cane woody tissues at bud burst. Also, the upregulation of several genes of sugar metabolism, encoding starch- and sucrose-degrading enzymes and sugar transporters, correlates with the decrease in starch and soluble sugars in woody tissues concomitant with increased sucrose synthase and α-amylolytic biochemical activities. The latter is likely due to the VviAMY2 gene that encodes a functional α-amylase as observed after its heterologous expression in yeast. Taken together, these results are consistent with starch and sugar mobilization in canes being primarily involved in grapevine secondary growth initiation and supporting the growth of the emerging bud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Noronha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Virginie Garcia
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Angélica Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Serge Delrot
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Philippe Gallusci
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France.
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Ge C, Wang YG, Lu S, Zhao XY, Hou BK, Balint-Kurti PJ, Wang GF. Multi-Omics Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Network and the Function of ZmUGTs in Maize Defense Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:738261. [PMID: 34630489 PMCID: PMC8497902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maize is one of the major crops in the world; however, diseases caused by various pathogens seriously affect its yield and quality. The maize Rp1-D21 mutant (mt) caused by the intragenic recombination between two nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, exhibits autoactive hypersensitive response (HR). In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in Rp1-D21 mt compared to the wild type (WT). Genes involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) were enriched among the DEGs. The salicylic acid (SA) pathway and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were induced at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels. The DAMs identified included lipids, flavones, and phenolic acids, including 2,5-DHBA O-hexoside, the production of which is catalyzed by uridinediphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT). Four maize UGTs (ZmUGTs) homologous genes were among the DEGs. Functional analysis by transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that ZmUGT9250 and ZmUGT5174, but not ZmUGT9256 and ZmUGT8707, partially suppressed the HR triggered by Rp1-D21 or its N-terminal coiled-coil signaling domain (CCD21). None of the four ZmUGTs interacted physically with CCD21 in yeast two-hybrid or co-immunoprecipitation assays. We discuss the possibility that ZmUGTs might be involved in defense response by regulating SA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi-Ge Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shouping Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peter J. Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Guan-Feng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Khasin M, Bernhardson LF, O'Neill PM, Palmer NA, Scully ED, Sattler SE, Funnell-Harris DL. Pathogen and drought stress affect cell wall and phytohormone signaling to shape host responses in a sorghum COMT bmr12 mutant. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:391. [PMID: 34418969 PMCID: PMC8379876 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As effects of global climate change intensify, the interaction of biotic and abiotic stresses increasingly threatens current agricultural practices. The secondary cell wall is a vanguard of resistance to these stresses. Fusarium thapsinum (Fusarium stalk rot) and Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot) cause internal damage to the stalks of the drought tolerant C4 grass, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), resulting in reduced transpiration, reduced photosynthesis, and increased lodging, severely reducing yields. Drought can magnify these losses. Two null alleles in monolignol biosynthesis of sorghum (brown midrib 6-ref, bmr6-ref; cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CAD; and bmr12-ref; caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT) were used to investigate the interaction of water limitation with F. thapsinum or M. phaseolina infection. RESULTS The bmr12 plants inoculated with either of these pathogens had increased levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) across both watering conditions and significantly reduced lesion sizes under water limitation compared to adequate watering, which suggested that drought may prime induction of pathogen resistance. RNA-Seq analysis revealed coexpressed genes associated with pathogen infection. The defense response included phytohormone signal transduction pathways, primary and secondary cell wall biosynthetic genes, and genes encoding components of the spliceosome and proteasome. CONCLUSION Alterations in the composition of the secondary cell wall affect immunity by influencing phenolic composition and phytohormone signaling, leading to the action of defense pathways. Some of these pathways appear to be activated or enhanced by drought. Secondary metabolite biosynthesis and modification in SA and JA signal transduction may be involved in priming a stronger defense response in water-limited bmr12 plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Khasin
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, University of Nebraska-East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Lois F Bernhardson
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, University of Nebraska-East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Patrick M O'Neill
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, University of Nebraska-East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Nathan A Palmer
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, University of Nebraska-East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Erin D Scully
- Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, University of Nebraska-East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Deanna L Funnell-Harris
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, University of Nebraska-East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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Ma Z, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhang G, Sun Z, Li Z, Jiang Y, Ke H, Chen B, Liu Z, Gu Q, Wang Z, Wang G, Yang J, Wu J, Yan Y, Meng C, Li L, Li X, Mo S, Wu N, Ma L, Chen L, Zhang M, Si A, Yang Z, Wang N, Wu L, Zhang D, Cui Y, Cui J, Lv X, Li Y, Shi R, Duan Y, Tian S, Wang X. High-quality genome assembly and resequencing of modern cotton cultivars provide resources for crop improvement. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1385-1391. [PMID: 34373642 PMCID: PMC8423627 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cotton produces natural fiber for the textile industry. The genetic effects of genomic structural variations underlying agronomic traits remain unclear. Here, we generate two high-quality genomes of Gossypium hirsutum cv. NDM8 and Gossypium barbadense acc. Pima90, and identify large-scale structural variations in the two species and 1,081 G. hirsutum accessions. The density of structural variations is higher in the D-subgenome than in the A-subgenome, indicating that the D-subgenome undergoes stronger selection during species formation and variety development. Many structural variations in genes and/or regulatory regions potentially influencing agronomic traits were discovered. Of 446 significantly associated structural variations, those for fiber quality and Verticillium wilt resistance are located mainly in the D-subgenome and those for yield mainly in the A-subgenome. Our research provides insight into the role of structural variations in genotype-to-phenotype relationships and their potential utility in crop improvement. High-quality genomes of two cultivated tetraploid cottons Gossypium hirsutum cv. NDM8 and Gossypium barbadense acc. Pima90 and resequencing of 1,081 G. hirsutum accessions provide insights into the role of structural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| | - Liqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yafei Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huifeng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qishen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guoning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chengsheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuxin Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojing Mo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Limei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Liting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Aijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhanwu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanru Cui
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Rongkang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yihong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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Hu Y, Cheng H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Niu S, Wang X, Li W, Zhang J, Yao Y. The MdMYB16/MdMYB1-miR7125-MdCCR module regulates the homeostasis between anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis during light induction in apple. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1105-1122. [PMID: 33908060 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light induces anthocyanin accumulation and hence decides the coloration of apple fruit. It also plays a key role in regulating the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. However, the crosstalk between anthocyanin and lignin metabolism during light induction, which affects the edible quality and visual quality of apple fruit, respectively, have rarely been characterized. In this study, we identified and functionally elucidated the roles of miR7125 and its target, cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase gene (CCR), in regulating the homeostasis between anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis during light induction. Overexpressing miR7125 or inhibiting CCR transiently in apple fruit promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis but reduced lignin production under light-induced conditions. Consistently, opposite results were observed under the background of repressed miR7125 or overexpressed CCR. We found that the repressor MdMYB16 and the activator MdMYB1 bound to the miR7125 promoter. Transient repression of MdMYB16 upregulated miR7125 expression significantly, accompanied by decreased levels of MdCCR transcript, resulting in a reduction in the lignin biosynthesis and an increase in anthocyanin accumulation. However, transient overexpression of MdMYB16 produced the opposite effects to MdMYB16-RNAi. The results reveal a novel mechanism by which the MdMYB16/MdMYB1-miR7125-MdCCR module collaboratively regulates homeostasis between anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis under light induction in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuqing Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xingsui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
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Radadiya N, Mangukia N, Antala V, Desai H, Chaudhari H, Dholaria TL, Dholaria D, Tomar RS, Golakiya BA, Mahatma MK. Transcriptome analysis of sesame- Macrophomina phaseolina interactions revealing the distinct genetic components for early defense responses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1675-1693. [PMID: 34539110 PMCID: PMC8405747 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an oilseed crop challenged by many biotic stresses. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (MP) is one of the most devastating diseases of sesame. Till date, molecular mechanisms of resistance to charcoal rot in sesame is not yet reported. In this study, two sesame variety GT-10 (resistant) and RT-373 (susceptible) were identified with contrasting disease incidence when infected with MP. To get the molecular insight, root samples were collected at 0, 24, 48- and 72-h post inoculation (hpi) with the pathogen and generated RNAseq data was analyzed. A total of 1153 and 1226 differentially expressed genes (DEGS) were identified in GT-10 and RT-373, respectively. During the inoculation with MP, resistant genotype showed high number DEGs at early time point of 24 hpi and when compared to late expression in susceptible genotype at 48 hpi. Distinct clusters were represented for each time period represented by cytochrome P450 83B1-like, single anchor, hypothetical protein C4D60, kirola like and heat shock proteins in the resistant genotype contributing for resistance. Analysis of differentially expressed genes, catalogued the genes involved in synthesis of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, MYB, WRKY, leucine zipper protein, bHLH, bZIP and NAC transcription factors, ABC transporters (B, C and G subfamily), glutathione metabolism, secondary metabolites, fatty acid biosynthesis and phytohormones like auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene and gibberellic acid. Additionally, in the resistant response we have found three unique GO terms including ATP binding, ribonucleotide binding and nucleic acid binding in molecular function category. The molecular clues generated through this work will provide an important resource of genes contributing for disease resistance and could prioritize genes for functional validation in the important oil crop. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01039-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Radadiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
- Solar Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. Bhaichand Mehta Industrial Estate, Rajkot, Gujarat India
| | - Naman Mangukia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
- Bioinnovations, Mumbai India
| | - Virali Antala
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
- Solar Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. Bhaichand Mehta Industrial Estate, Rajkot, Gujarat India
| | - Hiral Desai
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
| | - Hemangini Chaudhari
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
| | - T. L. Dholaria
- Solar Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. Bhaichand Mehta Industrial Estate, Rajkot, Gujarat India
| | - Denish Dholaria
- Solar Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. Bhaichand Mehta Industrial Estate, Rajkot, Gujarat India
| | - Rukam Singh Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
| | - B. A. Golakiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Mahatma
- Department of Biochemistry, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat India
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Liu Y, Yan J, Wang K, Li D, Yang R, Luo H, Zhang W. MiR396-GRF module associates with switchgrass biomass yield and feedstock quality. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1523-1536. [PMID: 33567151 PMCID: PMC8384596 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving plant biomass yield and/or feedstock quality for highly efficient lignocellulose conversion has been the main research focus in genetic modification of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a dedicated model plant for biofuel production. Here, we proved that overexpression of miR396 (OE-miR396) leads to reduced plant height and lignin content mainly by reducing G-lignin monomer content. We identified nineteen PvGRFs in switchgrass and proved thirteen of them were cleaved by miR396. MiR396-targeted PvGRF1, PvGRF9 and PvGRF3 showed significantly higher expression in stem. By separately overexpressing rPvGRF1, 3 and 9, in which synonymous mutations abolished the miR396 target sites, and suppression of PvGRF1/3/9 activity via PvGRF1/3/9-SRDX overexpression in switchgrass, we confirmed PvGRF1 and PvGRF9 played positive roles in improving plant height and G-lignin content. Overexpression of PvGRF9 was sufficient to complement the defective phenotype of OE-miR396 plants. MiR396-PvGRF9 modulates these traits partly by interfering GA and auxin biosynthesis and signalling transduction and cell wall lignin, glucose and xylan biosynthesis pathways. Moreover, by enzymatic hydrolysis analyses, we found that overexpression of rPvGRF9 significantly enhanced per plant sugar yield. Our results suggest that PvGRF9 can be utilized as a candidate molecular tool in modifying plant biomass yield and feedstock quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Liu
- College of Grassland Science and technologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Yan
- College of Grassland Science and technologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Grassland Science and technologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural ApplicationCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and BiochemistryClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and technologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Lab of Grassland Science in BeijingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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49
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Zhang S, Zhao L, Shan C, Shi Y, Ma K, Wu J. Exploring the biosynthetic pathway of lignin in Acorus tatarinowii Schott using de novo leaf and rhizome transcriptome analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210006. [PMID: 34076245 PMCID: PMC8200657 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acorus tatarinowii Schott is a well-known Chinese traditional herb. Lignin is the major biologically active ingredient and exerts a broad range of pharmacological effects: it is an antitumor, antioxidant and bacteriostatic agent, and protects the cardiovascular system. In the present study, the transcriptomes of the leaf and rhizome tissues of A. tatarinowii Schott were obtained using the BGISEQ-500 platform. A total of 141777 unigenes were successfully assembled, of which 76714 were annotated in public databases. Further analysis of the lignin biosynthesis pathway revealed a total of 107 unigenes encoding 8 key enzymes, which were involved in this pathway. Furthermore, the expression of the key genes involved in lignin synthesis in different tissues was identified by quantitative real-time PCR. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that most of the up-regulated unigenes were enriched in rhizome tissues. In addition, 2426 unigenes were annotated to the transcriptome factor (TF) family. Moreover, 16 TFs regulating the same key enzyme (peroxidase) were involved in the lignin synthesis pathway. The alignment of peroxidase amino acid sequences and the analysis of the structural characteristics revealed that the key peroxidase enzyme had well-conserved sequences, spatial structures, and active sites. The present study is the first to provide comprehensive genetic information on A. tatarinowii Schott at the transcriptional level, and will facilitate our understanding of the lignin biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Chunmiao Shan
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Kelong Ma
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei 230012, China
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50
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Smokvarska M, Jaillais Y, Martinière A. Function of membrane domains in rho-of-plant signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:663-681. [PMID: 33793925 PMCID: PMC8133555 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In a crowded environment, establishing interactions between different molecular partners can take a long time. Biological membranes have solved this issue, as they simultaneously are fluid and possess compartmentalized domains. This nanoscale organization of the membrane is often based on weak, local, and multivalent interactions between lipids and proteins. However, from local interactions at the nanoscale, different functional properties emerge at the higher scale, and these are critical to regulate and integrate cellular signaling. Rho of Plant (ROP) proteins are small guanosine triphosphate hydrolase enzymes (GTPases) involved in hormonal, biotic, and abiotic signaling, as well as fundamental cell biological properties such as polarity, vesicular trafficking, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Association with the membrane is essential for ROP function, as well as their precise targeting within micrometer-sized polar domains (i.e. microdomains) and nanometer-sized clusters (i.e. nanodomains). Here, we review our current knowledge about the formation and the maintenance of the ROP domains in membranes. Furthermore, we propose a model for ROP membrane targeting and discuss how the nanoscale organization of ROPs in membranes could determine signaling parameters like signal specificity, amplification, and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Smokvarska
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
- Author for communication:
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