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Anwar F, Sanaullah M, Ali HM, Hussain S, Mahmood F, Zahid Z, Shahzad T. Effect of combined application of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus to an organic-matter poor soil on soil organic matter cycling. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17984. [PMID: 39247545 PMCID: PMC11380837 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in agricultural soils promises climate change mitigation as well as sustainable ecosystem services. In order to stabilize crop residues as soil carbon (C), addition of mineral nutrients in excess to crop needs is suggested as an inevitable practice. However, the effect of two macronutrients i.e., nitrogen (N) & phosphorus (P), on C cycling has been found contradictory. Mineral N usually decreases whereas mineral P increases the soil organic C (SOC) mineralization and microbial biomass. How the addition of these macronutrients in inorganic form to an organic-matter poor soil affect C cycling remains to be investigated. Methods To reconcile this contradiction, we tested the effect of mineral N (120 kg N ha-1) and/or P (60 kg N ha-1) in presence or absence of maize litter (1 g C kg-1 soil) on C cycling in an organic-matter poor soil (0.87% SOC) in a laboratory incubation. Soil respiration was measured periodically during the incubation whereas various soil variables were measured at the end of the incubation. Results Contrary to literature, P addition stimulated soil C mineralization very briefly at start of incubation period and released similar total cumulative CO2-C as in control soil. We attributed this to low organic C content of the soil as P addition could desorb very low amounts of labile C for microbial use. Adding N with litter built up the largest microbial biomass (144% higher) without inducing any further increase in CO2-C release compared to litter only addition. However, adding P with litter did not induce any increase in microbial biomass. Co-application of inorganic N and P significantly increased C mineralization in presence (19% with respect to only litter amended) as well as absence (41% with respect to control soil) of litter. Overall, our study indicates that the combined application of inorganic N and P stabilizes added organic matter while depletes the already unamended soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Anwar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zubda Zahid
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tanvir Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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Qiu L, Wang E, Li R, Wu X, Huang Y, Lin G, Li B. The urgent need to reduce phosphorus discharges for sustainable mangrove wetland management. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121821. [PMID: 38796913 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus affects microbial metabolic activity, nitrogen and carbon cycling in mangrove sediment, but its influence on carbon stability and greenhouse gases emission remains unclear. This study compared greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, and CH4) emissions from mangrove sediment receiving wastewater containing various phosphorus concentrations, and evaluated its long term effect on sediment carbon flux when phosphorus pollution is eliminated. Significant increases in greenhouse gases flux and decrease of total organic carbon and readily oxidizable organic carbon in the sediment were observed after phosphorus discharge. Specifically, the N2O flux was reduced significantly at high phosphorus levels while the CO2 flux and the microbial biomass organic carbon was increased. The copy numbers of ammonia oxidation (AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA) gene, denitrification (narG, nirK) gene and methanogenesis (mcrA) gene increased with the increasing phosphorus concentration. During the wastewater discharge period for 70 days, the global warming potential of sediment flux at high phosphorus discharge condition was more than 4 times that of the control group, and the loss of total organic carbon and readily oxidizable organic carbon was 4.66 % and 7.1 %, respectively. During the remediation period (71-101 days), the greenhouse gases flux decreased rapidly, ends up with a similar level of the control group. Our results indicate that using mangrove wetland for pollution minimization in the coastal aquaculture industry could increase greenhouse gases emisison significantly, it is therefore essential to reduce phosphorus discharges from various anthropogenic activities, and local authorities must set up more stringent discharge standards in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Qiu
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Enhao Wang
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruili Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuefei Huang
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Water Resources and Electric Power, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Guanghui Lin
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Li
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Yaffar D, Lugli LF, Wong MY, Norby RJ, Addo-Danso SD, Arnaud M, Cordeiro AL, Dietterich LH, Diaz-Toribio MH, Lee MY, Ghimire OP, Smith-Martin CM, Toro L, Andersen K, McCulloch LA, Meier IC, Powers JS, Sanchez-Julia M, Soper FM, Cusack DF. Tropical root responses to global changes: A synthesis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17420. [PMID: 39044411 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Tropical ecosystems face escalating global change. These shifts can disrupt tropical forests' carbon (C) balance and impact root dynamics. Since roots perform essential functions such as resource acquisition and tissue protection, root responses can inform about the strategies and vulnerabilities of ecosystems facing present and future global changes. However, root trait dynamics are poorly understood, especially in tropical ecosystems. We analyzed existing research on tropical root responses to key global change drivers: warming, drought, flooding, cyclones, nitrogen (N) deposition, elevated (e) CO2, and fires. Based on tree species- and community-level literature, we obtained 266 root trait observations from 93 studies across 24 tropical countries. We found differences in the proportion of root responsiveness to global change among different global change drivers but not among root categories. In particular, we observed that tropical root systems responded to warming and eCO2 by increasing root biomass in species-scale studies. Drought increased the root: shoot ratio with no change in root biomass, indicating a decline in aboveground biomass. Despite N deposition being the most studied global change driver, it had some of the most variable effects on root characteristics, with few predictable responses. Episodic disturbances such as cyclones, fires, and flooding consistently resulted in a change in root trait expressions, with cyclones and fires increasing root production, potentially due to shifts in plant community and nutrient inputs, while flooding changed plant regulatory metabolisms due to low oxygen conditions. The data available to date clearly show that tropical forest root characteristics and dynamics are responding to global change, although in ways that are not always predictable. This synthesis indicates the need for replicated studies across root characteristics at species and community scales under different global change factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Yaffar
- Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laynara F Lugli
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michelle Y Wong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shalom D Addo-Danso
- Forest and Climate Change Division, CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marie Arnaud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IEES), Paris, France
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amanda L Cordeiro
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee H Dietterich
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Milton H Diaz-Toribio
- Jardín Botánico Francisco Javier Clavijero, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Ming Y Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Om Prakash Ghimire
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chris M Smith-Martin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura Toro
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelly Andersen
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lindsay A McCulloch
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mareli Sanchez-Julia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fiona M Soper
- Department of Biology and Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Qubec, Canada
| | - Daniela F Cusack
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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Wang X, Li S, Wu D, Fan A, Yao X, Lyu M, Chen G, Yang Y. Soil microbes deal with the nitrogen deposition enhanced phosphorus limitation by shifting community structure in an old-growth subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172530. [PMID: 38631644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition potentially enhances the degree of phosphorus (P) limitation in tropical and subtropical forests. However, it remains elusive that how soil microorganisms deal with the N deposition-enhanced P limitation. We collected soils experienced 9 years of manipulative N input at various rates (0, 40, and 80 kg N ha-1 y-1) in an old-growth subtropical natural forest. We measured soil total and available carbon (C), N and P, microbial biomass C, N and P, enzyme activities involved in C, N and P acquisition, microbial community structure, as well as net N and P mineralization. Additionally, we calculated element use efficiency and evaluated microbial homeostasis index. Our findings revealed that N input increased microbial biomass C:P (MBC:P) and N:P (MBN:P) ratios. The homeostasis indexes of MBC:P and MBN:P were 0.68 and 0.75, respectively, indicating stoichiometric flexibility. Interestingly, MBC:P and MBN:P correlated significantly with the fungi:bacteria ratio (F:B), not with N and P use efficiencies, net N and P mineralization, and enzyme C:P (EEAC:P) and N:P (EEAN:P) ratios. Furthermore, EEAC:P and EEAN:P correlated positively with F:B but did not negatively correlate with the C:P and N:P ratios of available resources and microbial biomass. The effects of N deposition on MBC:P, MBN:P and EEAN:P became insignificant when including F:B as a covariate. These findings suggest that microbes flexibly adapted to the N deposition enhanced P limitation by changing microbial community structure, which not only alter microbial biomass C:N:P stoichiometry, but also the enzyme production strategy. In summary, our research advances our understanding of how soil microorganisms deal with the N deposition-enhanced soil P limitation in subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Shiyining Li
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Ailian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Maokui Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Guangshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, Fuzhou 350117, China
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Qu T, Zhao X, Yan S, Liu Y, Ameer MJ, Zhao L. Interruption after Short-Term Nitrogen Additions Improves Ecological Stability of Larix olgensis Forest Soil by Affecting Bacterial Communities. Microorganisms 2024; 12:969. [PMID: 38792798 PMCID: PMC11123698 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition can alter soil microbial communities and further impact the structure and function of forest ecosystems. However, most studies are focused on positive or negative effects after nitrogen addition, and few studies pay attention to its interruption. In order to investigate whether interruption after different levels of short-term N additions still benefit soil health, we conducted a 2-year interruption after a 4-year short-term nitrogen addition (10 and 20 kg N·hm-2·yr-1) experiment; then, we compared soil microbial diversity and structure and analyzed soil physicochemical properties and their correlations before and after the interruption in Larix olgensis forest soil in northeast China. The results showed that soil ecological stabilization of Larix olgensis forest further improved after the interruption compared to pre-interruption. The TN, C:P, N:P, and C:N:P ratios increased significantly regardless of the previous nitrogen addition concentration, and soil nutrient cycling was further promoted. The relative abundance of the original beneficial microbial taxa Gemmatimonas, Sphingomonas, and Pseudolabrys increased; new beneficial bacteria Ellin6067, Massilia, Solirubrobacter, and Bradyrhizobium appeared, and the species of beneficial soil microorganisms were further improved. The results of this study elucidated the dynamics of the bacterial community before and after the interruption of short-term nitrogen addition and could provide data support and a reference basis for forest ecosystem restoration strategies and management under the background of global nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Zhao
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.Q.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (M.J.A.)
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Wang X, Cao B, Zhou Y, Zhao M, Chen Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Liang L. Effects of Long-Term Controlled-Release Urea on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions in an Open-Field Lettuce System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1071. [PMID: 38674480 PMCID: PMC11054608 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Controlled-release urea (CRU) fertilizers are widely used in agricultural production to reduce conventional nitrogen (N) fertilization-induced agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and improve N use efficiency (NUE). However, the long-term effects of different CRU fertilizers on GHGs and crop yields in vegetable fields remain relatively unexplored. This study investigated the variations in GHG emissions at four growth stages of lettuce in the spring and autumn seasons based on a five-year field experiment in the North China Plain. Four treatments were setup: CK (without N application), U (conventional urea-N application), ON (20% reduction in urea-N application), CRU (20% reduction in polyurethane-coated urea without topdressing), and DCRU (20% reduction in polyurethane-coated urea containing dicyandiamide [DCD] without topdressing). The results show that N application treatments significantly increased the GHG emissions and the lettuce yield and net yield, and DCRU exhibited the lowest N2O and CO2 emissions, the highest lettuce yield and net yield, and the highest lettuce N content of the N application treatments. When compared to U, the N2O emission peak under CRU and DCRU treatments was notably decreased and delayed, and their average N2O emission fluxes were significantly reduced by 10.20-20.72% and 17.51-29.35%, respectively, leading to a significant reduction in mean cumulative N2O emissions during the 2017-2021 period. When compared to U, the CO2 fluxes of DCRU significantly decreased by 8.0-16.54% in the seedling period, and mean cumulative CO2 emission decreased by 9.28%. Moreover, compared to U, the global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of the DCRU treatment was significantly alleviated by 9.02-17.13% and 16.68-20.36%, respectively. Compared to U, the N content of lettuce under DCRU was significantly increased by 6.48-17.25%, and the lettuce net yield was also significantly increased by 5.41-7.71%. These observations indicated that the simple and efficient N management strategy to strike a balance between enhancing lettuce yields and reduce GHG emissions in open-field lettuce fields could be obtained by applying controlled-release urea containing DCD without topdressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.W.); (B.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.W.); (B.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yapeng Zhou
- College of Land and Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.W.); (B.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.W.); (B.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.W.); (B.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.W.); (B.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lina Liang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.W.); (B.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China
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He H, Hu Q, Pan F, Pan X. Evaluating Nitrogen Management Practices for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in a Maize Farmland in the North China Plain: Adapting to Climate Change. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3749. [PMID: 37960105 PMCID: PMC10649878 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of the trade-offs among greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yield, and farmers' incomes is essential for proposing economic and environmental nitrogen (N) management strategies for optimizing agricultural production. A four-year (2017-2020) field experiment (including four treatments: basic N fertilizer treatment (BF), suitable utilization of fertilization (SU), emission reduction treatment (ER), and high fertilization (HF)) was conducted on maize (Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was used in this study to quantify the GHG emissions and farmers' incomes during the whole maize production process. The total GHG emissions of BF, SU, ER, and HF treatments in the process of maize production are 10,755.2, 12,908.7, 11,950.1, and 14,274.5 kg CO2-eq ha-1, respectively, of which the direct emissions account for 84.8%, 76.8%, 74.9%, and 71.0%, respectively. Adding inhibitors significantly reduced direct GHG emissions, and the N2O and CO2 emissions from the maize fields in the ER treatment decreased by 30.0% and 7.9% compared to those in the SU treatment. Insignificant differences in yield were found between the SU and ER treatments, indicating that adding fertilizer inhibitors did not affect farmers' incomes while reducing GHG emissions. The yield for SU, ER, and HF treatments all significantly increased by 12.9-24.0%, 10.0-20.7%, and 2.1-17.4% compared to BF, respectively. In comparison with BF, both SU and ER significantly promoted agricultural net profit (ANP) by 16.6% and 12.2%, with mean ANP values of 3101.0 USD ha-1 and 2980.0 USD ha-1, respectively. Due to the high agricultural inputs, the ANP values in the HF treatment were 11.2%, 16.6%, and 12.4% lower than those in the SU treatment in 2018-2020. In conclusion, the combination of N fertilizer and inhibitors proved to be an environmentally friendly, high-profit, and low-emissions production technology while sustaining or even increasing maize yields in the North China Plain, which was conducive to achieving agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.H.); (X.P.)
- China Meteorological Administration-China Agricultural University (CMA-CAU) Jointly Laboratory of Agriculture Addressing Climate Change, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.H.); (X.P.)
- China Meteorological Administration-China Agricultural University (CMA-CAU) Jointly Laboratory of Agriculture Addressing Climate Change, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feifei Pan
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Xuebiao Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.H.); (X.P.)
- China Meteorological Administration-China Agricultural University (CMA-CAU) Jointly Laboratory of Agriculture Addressing Climate Change, Beijing 100193, China
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Wang Z, Xing A, Shen H. Effects of nitrogen addition on the combined global warming potential of three major soil greenhouse gases: A global meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:121848. [PMID: 37244533 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased nitrogen (N) deposition has a great impact on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and numerous studies have revealed the individual effects of N addition on three major GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O). Nevertheless, quantitative evaluation of the effects of N addition on the global warming potential (GWP) of GHGs based on simultaneous measurements is needed not only to better understand the comprehensive effect of N deposition on GHGs but also for precise estimation of ecosystem GHG fluxes in response to N deposition. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis using a dataset with 124 simultaneous measurements of the three major GHGs from 54 studies to assess the effects of N addition on the combined global warming potential (CGWP) of these soil GHGs. The results showed that the relative sensitivity of the CGWP to N addition was 0.43%/kg N ha-1 yr-1, indicating an increase in the CGWP. Among the ecosystems studied, wetlands are considerable GHG sources with the highest relative sensitivity to N addition. Overall, CO2 contributed the most to the N addition-induced CGWP change (72.61%), followed by N2O (27.02%) and CH4 (0.37%), but the contributions of the three GHGs varied across ecosystems. Moreover, the effect size of the CGWP had a positive relationship with N addition rate and mean annual temperature and a negative relationship with mean annual precipitation. Our findings suggest that N deposition may influence global warming from the perspective of the CGWP of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Our results also provide reference values that may reduce uncertainties in future projections of the effects of N deposition on GHGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Xiao S, Wang C, Yu K, Liu G, Wu S, Wang J, Niu S, Zou J, Liu S. Enhanced CO 2 uptake is marginally offset by altered fluxes of non-CO 2 greenhouse gases in global forests and grasslands under N deposition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5829-5849. [PMID: 37485988 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing impact of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on terrestrial greenhouse gas (GHG) budget, through driving both the net atmospheric CO2 exchange and the emission or uptake of non-CO2 GHGs (CH4 and N2 O), few studies have assessed the climatic impact of forests and grasslands under N deposition globally based on different bottom-up approaches. Here, we quantify the effects of N deposition on biomass C increment, soil organic C (SOC), CH4 and N2 O fluxes and, ultimately, the net ecosystem GHG balance of forests and grasslands using a global comprehensive dataset. We showed that N addition significantly increased plant C uptake (net primary production) in forests and grasslands, to a larger extent for the aboveground C (aboveground net primary production), whereas it only caused a small or insignificant enhancement of SOC pool in both upland systems. Nitrogen addition had no significant effect on soil heterotrophic respiration (RH ) in both forests and grasslands, while a significant N-induced increase in soil CO2 fluxes (RS , soil respiration) was observed in grasslands. Nitrogen addition significantly stimulated soil N2 O fluxes in forests (76%), to a larger extent in grasslands (87%), but showed a consistent trend to decrease soil uptake of CH4 , suggesting a declined sink capacity of forests and grasslands for atmospheric CH4 under N enrichment. Overall, the net GHG balance estimated by the net ecosystem production-based method (forest, 1.28 Pg CO2 -eq year-1 vs. grassland, 0.58 Pg CO2 -eq year-1 ) was greater than those estimated using the SOC-based method (forest, 0.32 Pg CO2 -eq year-1 vs. grassland, 0.18 Pg CO2 -eq year-1 ) caused by N addition. Our findings revealed that the enhanced soil C sequestration by N addition in global forests and grasslands could be only marginally offset (1.5%-4.8%) by the combined effects of its stimulation of N2 O emissions together with the reduced soil uptake of CH4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
| | - Genyuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Starr M, Klein T, Gross A. Direct foliar acquisition of desert dust phosphorus fertilizes forest trees despite reducing photosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:794-804. [PMID: 36795040 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) availability to forest trees is often limited by local soil conditions that increase its fixation to soil minerals. In certain regions, atmospheric-P inputs can compensate for low soil-P availability. Among atmospheric-P sources, desert dust is the most dominant. However, the effects of desert dust on P nutrition and its uptake mechanisms by forest trees are currently unknown. We hypothesized that forest trees that naturally grow on P-poor soils or soils with high soil-P fixation capacity can acquire P from desert dust deposited on their leaves via direct foliar uptake, bypassing the soil, thus promoting tree growth and productivity. We performed a controlled greenhouse experiment with three forest tree species: Palestine Oak (Quercus calliprinos) and Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), native to the NE edge of the Saharan desert, and Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius), native to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, which is located on the western part of the trans-Atlantic Saharan dust route. To simulate natural dust deposition events, the trees had desert dust applied directly upon their foliage and were monitored for growth and final biomass, P levels, leaf surface pH and the rate of photosynthesis. The dust treatment increased the P concentration significantly by 33-37% in Ceratonia and Schinus trees. On the other hand, trees that received the dust displayed a 17-58% reduction in biomass, probably related to particle coverage of the leaf surface that inhibited photosynthesis by 17-30%. Overall, our findings show that direct P uptake from desert dust can be an alternative P uptake pathway for multiple tree species under P-deficient conditions, with implications for forest trees' P economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Starr
- The Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, David Ben Gurion Blvd 1, Be'er Sheva, P.O.B. 653, Israel
- The Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St 234, Rehovot, P.O.B 26, Israel
| | - Tamir Klein
- The Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St 234, Rehovot, P.O.B 26, Israel
| | - Avner Gross
- The Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, David Ben Gurion Blvd 1, Be'er Sheva, P.O.B. 653, Israel
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11
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A Severe Hurricane Increases Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes and Triples Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Tropical Forest. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Mishra S, Wang W, Xia S, Lin L, Yang X. Spatial pattern of functional genes abundance reveals the importance of PhoD gene harboring bacterial community for maintaining plant growth in the tropical forest of Southwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156863. [PMID: 35750182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of microbial functional genes has added a new dimension to microbial ecology research by improving the model of microbial community-ecosystem functions relationship. However, our knowledge vis-à-vis fine-scale spatial distribution pattern of functional genes and their probable impact on plant community in the hyper-diverse tropical forest ecosystem is very limited. Here, we investigated the spatial pattern of functional genes abundance (NirK, AOA, AOB, and PhoD), identified key influencing factors, and distinguished the key functional group supporting the plant community in a tropical rainforest located in Xishuangbanna. In total, 200 soil samples and vegetation data of ~4800 individuals of plants across a 1 ha study area were collected. Our results detected higher spatial variability with a maximum magnitude of abundance for PhoD gene (4.53 × 107 copies) followed by NirK (2.71 × 106 copies), AOA (1.97 × 106 copies), and AOB (7.38 × 104 copies). A strong spatial dependence was observed for PhoD and NirK over the distance of 17 and 18 m, respectively. Interestingly, the N:P stoichiometry played a critical role in structuring the spatial pattern of the most abundant PhoD gene. The significant positive and negative relationship of PhoD with N:P ratio and available phosphorus, respectively, indicated that the P-limiting environment was a driving factor for recruitment of PhoD gene community. The structural equation modeling ascertained the direct positive impact of PhoD on plant biomass and high demand of available P by plants suggesting that the organic phosphorus mineralization process is essential to maintain plant productivity by re-establishing the availability of the most limiting P nutrient. Our preliminary study improves our understanding of how microbial functional genes-environment associations could be used for monitoring soil health and its overall impact on ecosystem multifunctionality. Finally, we intend to conduct the study at a large spatial scale for achieving a holistic view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Mishra
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Wenting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shangwen Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Luxiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan 665000, China.
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13
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Lambers H, Li Y, Li Y, Qin G, Wang M, Wang J, Li Z, Wang F. Nitrogen and phosphorus addition exerted different influences on litter and soil carbon release in a tropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155049. [PMID: 35390393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial soils release large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year, which are mainly derived from litter and soil carbon (C) decomposition. Nutrient availability, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), plays an important role in both litter and soil C decomposition. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism is crucial for mitigating CO2 emission and climate changes. Here, we assessed patterns of litter and soil C decomposition after 11 yrs. in-situ N and P addition in a tropical forest where corn leaves or corn roots were added as litter C. The total CO2 efflux was quantified and partitioned using 13C isotope signatures to determine the sources (litter or soil C) every three months. In addition, Changes in C-degrading enzyme activities: β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), phenol oxidase (PHO) and peroxidase (PER), and microbial biomarkers were assessed to interpret the underlying mechanism. Total C-release was enhanced up to17% by the long-term N addition but inhibited up to 15% by P addition. Precisely, N addition only accelerated the litter decomposition and increased about 42% and 6% of the litter C release at 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil depths, respectively; while P addition only impeded the soil C decomposition and decreased about 9% and 11% of the soil C release at 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm, respectively. The enhanced C release under N addition might be attributed to the enhanced microbial biomass, the ratio of fungi to bacteria and C-degrading enzyme activities. However, P addition resulted in the reverse result in microbial properties and C-degrading enzyme activities, associated with a decreased C release. Our study suggests that the long-term N and P addition selectively affected the litter and soil C decomposition because of their different physiochemical properties and this tendency might be more pronounced in tropical forests exposed to increasing atmospheric N deposition in the future. The study indicates that the different patterns of litter and soil C decomposition under climate change should be taken account in the future C management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfan Zhang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Jinge Zhou
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yingwen Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Yongxing Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Guoming Qin
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Zhian Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Faming Wang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, PR China.
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14
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Verma P, Sagar R. Soil respiration response to nitrogen fertilization experiment in tropical grassland. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Verma
- Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
- Department of Botany Government Degree College Basti India
| | - R. Sagar
- Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
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15
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Ding Z, Liu X, Gong L, Chen X, Zhao J, Chen W. Response of litter decomposition and the soil environment to one-year nitrogen addition in a Schrenk spruce forest in the Tianshan Mountains, China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:648. [PMID: 35027603 PMCID: PMC8758753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities have increased the input of nitrogen (N) to forest ecosystems and have greatly affected litter decomposition and the soil environment. But differences in forests with different nitrogen deposition backgrounds. To better understand the response of litter decomposition and soil environment of N-limited forest to nitrogen deposition. We established an in situ experiment to simulate the effects of N deposition on soil and litter ecosystem processes in a Picea schrenkiana forest in the Tianshan Mountains, China. This study included four N treatments: control (no N addition), low N addition (LN: 5 kg N ha-1 a-1), medium N addition (MN: 10 kg N ha-1 a-1) and high N addition (HN: 20 kg N ha-1 a-1). Our results showed that N addition had a significant effect on litter decomposition and the soil environment. Litter mass loss in the LN treatment and in the MN treatment was significantly higher than that in the control treatment. In contrast, the amount of litter lost in the HN treatment was significantly lower than the other treatments. N application inhibited the degradation of lignin but promoted the breakdown of cellulose. The carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P) contents of litter did not differ significantly among the treatments, but LN promoted the release of C and P. Our results also showed that soil pH decreased with increasing nitrogen application rates, while soil enzyme activity showed the opposite trend. In addition, the results of redundancy analysis (RDA) and correlation analyses showed that the soil environment was closely related to litter decomposition. Soil enzymes had a positive effect on litter decomposition rates, and N addition amplified these correlations. Our study confirmed that N application had effects on litter decomposition and the soil environment in a N-limited P. schrenkiana forest. LN had a strong positive effect on litter decomposition and the soil environment, while HN was significantly negative. Therefore, increased N deposition may have a negative effect on material cycling of similar forest ecosystems in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Ding
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.,Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lu Gong
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China. .,Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.,Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.,Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.,Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
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16
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Zhang J, Sayer EJ, Zhou J, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Wang F. Long-term fertilization modifies the mineralization of soil organic matter in response to added substrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149341. [PMID: 34375236 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The turnover of SOC in soils is strongly influenced by the availability of substrate and nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Here, we assessed how long-term fertilization modified SOM mineralization in response to added substrate in a tropical forest. We carried out a 90-day incubation study in which we added two structurally similar compounds which differed in microbial metabolic availability: corn cellulose or corn starch to soils collected from a long-term (11 years) factorial N and P fertilization experiment site in a tropical forest in south China. We measured total soil mineralization rate (CO2 efflux) to characterize SOM mineralization and using 13C isotope signatures to determine the source of the CO2 (original soil C or added substrate) and assessed changes in extracellular enzyme activities: acid phosphomonoesterase (AP), β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4- N-acetaminophen glucosidase (NAG), phenol oxidase (PHO) and peroxidase (PER), and microbial biomarkers to determine whether nutrient stoichiometry and decomposer communities explain differences in SOM mineralization rates. Total C mineralization increased substantially with substrate addition, particularly cellulose (5.38, 7.13, 5.58 and 5.37 times for N, P, NP fertilization and CK, respectively) compared to no substrate addition, and original soil C mineralization was further enhanced in long-term N (3.40% and 5.18% for cellulose and starch addition, respectively) or NP (35.11% for cellulose addition) fertilized soils compared to control treatment. Enzyme activities were stimulated by the addition of both substrates but suppressed by P-fertilization. Addition of both substrates increased microbial investment in P-acquisition, but only starch addition promoted C investment in N-acquisition. Finally, fungal abundance increased with substrate addition to a greater extent than bacterial abundance, particularly in cellulose-amended soils, and the effect was amplified by long-term fertilization. Our findings indicate that SOM mineralization might be enhanced in N and P enrichment ecosystems, since the litter input can liberate microbes from C limitation and stimulate SOM mineralization if N and P are sufficient. Our study further demonstrates that structurally similar substrates can have distinct effects on SOM mineralization and the extent of SOM mineralization is strongly dependent on elemental stoichiometry, as well as the resource requirements of microbial decomposers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfan Zhang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and the CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China
| | - Emma J Sayer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Panama
| | - Jinge Zhou
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and the CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China
| | - Yingwen Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and the CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Yongxing Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and the CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Zhian Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and the CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China
| | - Faming Wang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and the CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China.
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17
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Mao Q, Chen H, Gurmesa GA, Gundersen P, Ellsworth DS, Gilliam FS, Wang C, Zhu F, Ye Q, Mo J, Lu X. Negative effects of long-term phosphorus additions on understory plants in a primary tropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149306. [PMID: 34340072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have disturbed global phosphorus (P) cycling by introducing substantial amounts of P to natural ecosystems. Although natural P gradients and fertilization studies have found that plant community traits are closely related to P availability, it remains unclear how increased P supply affects plant growth and diversity in P-deficient tropical forests. We used a decadal P-addition experiment (2007-2017) to study the effects of increased P input on plant growth and diversity in understory layer in tropical forests. We monitored the dynamics of seedling growth, survival rate, and diversity of understory plants throughout the fertilization period under control and P addition at 15 g P m-2 yr-1. To identify the drivers of responses, P concentration, photosynthesis rate and nonstructural carbon were analyzed. Results showed that long-term P addition significantly increased P concentrations both in soil pools and plant tissues. However, P addition did not increase the light-saturated photosynthesis rate or growth rate of the understory plants. Furthermore, P addition significantly decreased the survival rate of seedlings and reduced the species richness and density of understory plants. The negative effects of P addition may be attributed to an increased carbon cost due to the tissue maintenance of plants with higher P concentrations. These findings indicate that increased P supply alone is not necessary to benefit the growth of plants in ecosystems with low P availability, and P inputs can inhibit understory plants and may alter community composition. Therefore, we appeal to a need for caution when inputting P to tropical forests ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510006, China
| | | | - Per Gundersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - David Scott Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fiefei Zhu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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18
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Zhang M, Niu Y, Wang W, Bai SH, Luo H, Tang L, Chen F, Xu Z, Guo X. Responses of microbial function, biomass and heterotrophic respiration, and organic carbon in fir plantation soil to successive nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8907-8920. [PMID: 34734313 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from forest ecosystems originate largely from soil respiration, and microbial heterotrophic respiration plays a critical role in determining organic carbon (C) stock. This study investigated the impacts of successive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization after 9 years on soil organic C stock; CO2 emission; and microbial biomass, community, and function in a Chinese fir plantation. The annual fertilization rates were (1) CK, control without N or P fertilization; (2) N50, 50 kg N ha-1; (3) N100, 100 kg N ha-1; (4) P50, 50 kg P ha-1; (5) N50P50, 50 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P ha-1; and (6) N100P50, 100 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P ha-1. The N100P50 treatment had the highest cumulative soil CO2 emissions, but the CK treatment had the lowest cumulative soil CO2 emissions among all treatments. The declines of soil organic C (SOC) after successive 9-year fertilization were in the order of 100 kg N ha-1 year-1 > 50 kg N ha-1 year-1 > CK. Compared to the CK treatment, successive N fertilization significantly changed soil microbial communities at different application rates and increased the relative gene abundances of glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, carbohydrate-binding modules, and polysaccharide lyases at 100 kg N ha-1 year-1. Relative to P fertilization alone (50 kg P ha-1 year-1), combined N and P fertilization significantly altered the soil microbial community structure and favored more active soil microbial metabolism. Microbial community and metabolism changes caused by N fertilization could have enhanced CO2 emission from heterotrophic respiration and eventually led to the decrease in organic C stock in the forest plantation soil. KEY POINTS: • N fertilization, alone or with P, favored more active microbial metabolism genes. • 100 kg N ha-1 fertilization significantly changed microbial community and function. • N fertilization led to a "domino effect" on the decrease of soil C stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyun Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Yun Niu
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.,Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Weijin Wang
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Shahla Hosseini Bai
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Handong Luo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Li Tang
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia. .,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Quebbeman AW, Menge DNL, Zimmerman J, Uriarte M. Topography and Tree Species Improve Estimates of Spatial Variation in Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in a Subtropical Forest. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Long-Term Nitrogen Addition Decreases Soil Carbon Mineralization in an N-Rich Primary Tropical Forest. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic elevated nitrogen (N) deposition has an accelerated terrestrial N cycle, shaping soil carbon dynamics and storage through altering soil organic carbon mineralization processes. However, it remains unclear how long-term high N deposition affects soil carbon mineralization in tropical forests. To address this question, we established a long-term N deposition experiment in an N-rich lowland tropical forest of Southern China with N additions such as NH4NO3 of 0 (Control), 50 (Low-N), 100 (Medium-N) and 150 (High-N) kg N ha−1 yr−1, and laboratory incubation experiment, used to explore the response of soil carbon mineralization to the N additions therein. The results showed that 15 years of N additions significantly decreased soil carbon mineralization rates. During the incubation period from the 14th day to 56th day, the average decreases in soil CO2 emission rates were 18%, 33% and 47% in the low-N, medium-N and high-N treatments, respectively, compared with the Control. These negative effects were primarily aroused by the reduced soil microbial biomass and modified microbial functions (e.g., a decrease in bacteria relative abundance), which could be attributed to N-addition-induced soil acidification and potential phosphorus limitation in this forest. We further found that N additions greatly increased soil-dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and there were significantly negative relationships between microbial biomass and soil DOC, indicating that microbial consumption on soil-soluble carbon pool may decrease. These results suggests that long-term N deposition can increase soil carbon stability and benefit carbon sequestration through decreased carbon mineralization in N-rich tropical forests. This study can help us understand how microbes control soil carbon cycling and carbon sink in the tropics under both elevated N deposition and carbon dioxide in the future.
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21
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Yuan Y, Li Y, Mou Z, Kuang L, Wu W, Zhang J, Wang F, Hui D, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Lambers H, Wang J, Kuang Y, Li Z, Liu Z. Phosphorus addition decreases microbial residual contribution to soil organic carbon pool in a tropical coastal forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:454-466. [PMID: 33068453 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability often constrains soil carbon (C) pool, and elevated N deposition could further intensify soil P limitation, which may affect soil C cycling in these N-rich and P-poor ecosystems. Soil microbial residues may not only affect soil organic carbon (SOC) pool but also impact SOC stability through soil aggregation. However, how soil nutrient availability and aggregate fractions affect microbial residues and the microbial residue contribution to SOC is still not well understood. We took advantage of a 10-year field fertilization experiment to investigate the effects of nutrient additions, soil aggregate fractions, and their interactions on the concentrations of soil microbial residues and their contribution to SOC accumulation in a tropical coastal forest. We found that continuous P addition greatly decreased the concentrations of microbial residues and their contribution to SOC, whereas N addition had no significant effect. The P-stimulated decreases in microbial residues and their contribution to SOC were presumably due to enhanced recycling of microbial residues via increased activity of residue-decomposing enzymes. The interactive effects between soil aggregate fraction and nutrient addition were not significant, suggesting a weak role of physical protection by soil aggregates in mediating microbial responses to altered soil nutrient availability. Our data suggest that the mechanisms driving microbial residue responses to increased N and P availability might be different, and the P-induced decrease in the contribution of microbial residues might be unfavorable for the stability of SOC in N-rich and P-poor tropical forests. Such information is critical for understanding the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Mou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luhui Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plan-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanwen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi'an Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Nitrogen Enrichment Reduces Nitrogen and Phosphorus Resorption Through Changes to Species Resorption and Plant Community Composition. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Wojciech P, Ewa B, Jarosław L. Soil biochemical properties and stabilisation of soil organic matter in relation to deadwood of different species. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5298402. [PMID: 30668687 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of studies on deadwood, we still have limited knowledge of its dynamics. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of deadwood on the biochemical properties of soil and stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM). The investigation was carried out in the Czarna Rózga Reserve in Central Poland. The logs of four tree species at different stages of decomposition (III, IV and V) were selected for the analysis. Three replicate logs were sampled for each combination of decay classes, and the soil samples were collected from directly under the logs and from 1 m away from the logs. In this way, changes to the chemical and biochemical properties of the wood were determined. The SOM was physically fractioned. As the rate of deadwood decomposition increases, its biochemical activity increases and its chemical properties change. The biochemical activity, especially the soil's enzyme activity, was stimulated under highly decayed deadwood. The effects of deadwood are visible in SOM fractions, particularly in the content of the light fraction of SOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaszczyk Wojciech
- Department of Forest Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Błońska Ewa
- Department of Forest Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lasota Jarosław
- Department of Forest Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
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24
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Effects of One-Year Simulated Nitrogen and Acid Deposition on Soil Respiration in a Subtropical Plantation in China. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and acid deposition have become global environmental issues and are likely to alter soil respiration (Rs); the largest CO2 source is from soil to the atmosphere. However, to date, much less attention has been focused on the interactive effects and underlying mechanisms of N and acid deposition on Rs, especially for ecosystems that are simultaneously subjected to elevated levels of deposition of both N and acid. Here, to examine the effects of N addition, acid addition, and their interactions with Rs, we conducted a two-way factorial N addition (control, CK; 60 kg N ha−1 a−1, LN; 120 kg N ha−1 a−1, HN) and acid addition (control, CK; pH 4.5, LA; pH 2.5, HA) field experiment in a subtropical plantation in China. Our results showed the following: (1) During the one-year observation period, the seasonal dynamics of Rs presented a single peak curve model, which was closely related to the surface soil temperature. (2) The simulated N deposition and acid deposition significantly decreased the Rs in the subtropical plantation. Compared to the CK plots, the LN and HN treatments reduced the annual mean values of Rs by 41% and 56%, and the annual mean values of Rs were inhibited by 26% and 31% in the LA and HA plots. The inhibition of N application on Rs was stronger than that of the simulated acid deposition. (3) Significant interactions between N addition and acid addition on Rs were detected, and Rs was significantly inhibited under four co-addition treatments. (4) The underlying mechanism and main reason for the responses of Rs to simulated N and acid deposition in this study might be the inhibition of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity due to soil acidification under increased N and acid input.
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25
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Mishra S, Chaudhary LB, Jain MK, Kumar V, Behera SK. Interaction of abiotic factor on soil CO 2 efflux in three forest communities in tropical deciduous forest from India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 191:796. [PMID: 31989356 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors along with soil physico-chemical properties play a significant role on the diurnal trend of soil CO2 efflux. Soil CO2 efflux in Indian tropical forests is poorly studied. We studied the soil CO2 efflux in a representative tropical deciduous forest at Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), Uttar Pradesh. The three forest communities namely dry mixed (DMF), Sal mixed (SMF), and Teak plantation (TPF) were selected for measuring soil CO2 efflux in the summer season during April to May 2017 using automated LI-COR 8100 soil CO2 flux system. Soil physico-chemical parameters were also studied in the three abovementioned forest communities. We also measured the different microclimatic variables at forest understorey in all three communities during the summer season. Total day time soil CO2 efflux of 826.70, 1089.24, and 828.94 (μmolCO2 m-2d-1) was observed in TPF, SMF, and DMF respectively. Soil CO2 efflux observed significant differences (P < 0.01) among the three forest communities studied for the summer season in tropical deciduous forest of Terai Himalaya. Average soil CO2 efflux rate (μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) of 4.06 ± 0.36, 5.03 ± 0.45, and 4.37 ± 0.79 was observed in TPF, SMF, and DMF, respectively, which is positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) and water holding capacity (WHC) among soil physico-chemical variables. Among microclimatic variables, soil temperature (ST, °C) and air temperature (AT, °C) observed strong positive correlation with day time soil CO2 efflux in all three communities. Significant increase in soil CO2 flux was observed with increasing air and soil temperature (AT and ST) in DMF and SMF. Maximum TOC of 19.23 g Kg-1 was observed in SMF among all communities in the summer season. The result showed that soil CO2 efflux is closely associated with TOC, WHC, AT, and ST for Indian deciduous forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mishra
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - L B Chaudhary
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - M K Jain
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - Soumit K Behera
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India.
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26
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Effects of Soil Temperature, Water Content, Species, and Fertilization on Soil Respiration in Bamboo Forest in Subtropical China. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the change pattern of soil respiration (SR) and its drivers under different bamboo species and land management practices is critical for predicting soil CO2 emission and evaluating the carbon budget of bamboo forest ecosystems. A 24-month field study was performed in subtropical China to monitor SR in experimental plots of local bamboo (Phyllostachys glauca) without fertilization (PG) and commercial bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) with and without fertilization (PPF and PP, respectively). The SR rate and soil properties were measured on a monthly timescale. Results showed that the SR rate ranged from 0.38 to 8.53 µmol CO2 m−2s−1, peaking in June. The PPF treatment had higher SR rates than the PP and PG treatments for most months; however, there were no significant differences among the treatments. The soil temperature (ST) in the surface layer (0–10 cm) was found to be the predominant factor controlling the temporal change pattern of the monthly SR rate in the PG and PP treatments (i.e., those without fertilization). A bivariate model is used to show that a natural factor—comprised of ST and soil water content (SWC)—explained 44.2% of the variation in the monthly SR rate, whereas biological (i.e., bamboo type) and management (i.e., fertilization) factors had a much smaller impact (less than 0.1% of the variation). The annual mean SR showed a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter (SOM; r = 0.51, P < 0.05), total nitrogen (TN; r = 0.47, P < 0.05), total phosphorus (TP; r = 0.60, P < 0.01), clay content (0.72, P < 0.05) and below-ground biomass (r = 0.60*), which altogether explain 69.0% of the variation in the annual SR. Our results indicate that the fertilization effect was not significant in SR rate for most months among the treatments, but was significant in the annual rate. These results may help to improve policy decisions concerning carbon sequestration and the management of bamboo forests in China.
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27
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Sayer EJ, Rodtassana C, Sheldrake M, Bréchet LM, Ashford OS, Lopez-Sangil L, Kerdraon-Byrne D, Castro B, Turner BL, Wright SJ, Tanner EV. Revisiting nutrient cycling by litterfall—Insights from 15 years of litter manipulation in old-growth lowland tropical forest. ADV ECOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Reed SC, Reibold R, Cavaleri MA, Alonso-Rodríguez AM, Berberich ME, Wood TE. Soil biogeochemical responses of a tropical forest to warming and hurricane disturbance. ADV ECOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Phillips J, Ramirez S, Wayson C, Duque A. Differences in carbon stocks along an elevational gradient in tropical mountain forests of Colombia. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Phillips
- Sistema de Monitoreo de Bosques y Carbono Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales Bogotá D.C Colombia
- Doctorado en Ecología Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia
| | - Sebastian Ramirez
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia
| | - Craig Wayson
- International Programs USDA Forest Service Washington District of Columbia
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia
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30
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Swanson AC, Schwendenmann L, Allen MF, Aronson EL, Artavia‐León A, Dierick D, Fernandez‐Bou AS, Harmon TC, Murillo‐Cruz C, Oberbauer SF, Pinto‐Tomás AA, Rundel PW, Zelikova TJ. Welcome to the
Atta
world: A framework for understanding the effects of leaf‐cutter ants on ecosystem functions. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Conservation Biology University of California Riverside Riverside California
| | | | - Michael F. Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Conservation Biology University of California Riverside Riverside California
| | - Emma L. Aronson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Conservation Biology University of California Riverside Riverside California
| | - Allan Artavia‐León
- Center for Research in Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - Diego Dierick
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami Florida
| | - Angel S. Fernandez‐Bou
- School of Engineering and Environmental Systems Program University of California Merced Merced California
| | - Thomas C. Harmon
- School of Engineering and Environmental Systems Program University of California Merced Merced California
| | - Catalina Murillo‐Cruz
- Center for Research in Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
- Center for Research in Microscopic Structures, Biochemistry Department University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - Steven F. Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami Florida
| | - Adrián A. Pinto‐Tomás
- Center for Research in Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
- Center for Research in Microscopic Structures, Biochemistry Department University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - Philip W. Rundel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
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31
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Luo R, Fan J, Wang W, Luo J, Kuzyakov Y, He JS, Chu H, Ding W. Nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment accelerates soil organic carbon loss in alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:303-312. [PMID: 30199676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have substantially increased soil nutrient availability, which in turn affects ecosystem processes and functions, especially in nutrient-limited ecosystems such as alpine grasslands. Although considerable efforts have been devoted to understanding the responses of plant productivity and community composition to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment, the nutrient enrichment effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial functions are not well understood. A four-year field experiment was established to evaluate the influence of continuous N and P enrichment on plant growth and SOC content in an alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The study included four treatments: Control without addition, N addition, P addition, and N plus P addition. N addition strongly increased aboveground plant biomass and decreased species richness by promoting growth of the dominant grasses species. In contrast, N and P enrichment significantly decreased SOC, especially the recalcitrant organic C content in the surface layer (0-10 cm) by reducing the slow C pool and enlarging the active C pool. Microbial biomass and activities of C-degrading enzymes (β-glucosidase, cellulase and polyphenol oxidase) and an N-degrading enzyme (chitinase) increased with nutrient inputs. The CO2 emissions during a 300 d incubation period were positively correlated with the cellulase and chitinase activities, while the slow C pool was negatively correlated with the cellulase and polyphenol oxidase activities. Consequently, N and P enrichment accelerated decomposition of the recalcitrant C by stimulating microbial growth and increasing enzyme activities, leading to negative impacts on soil C sequestration. Overall, the results indicate that alpine grassland soils of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau may be changing from a C sink to a C source under increasing N and P availability, and improvement of alpine grassland management through nutrient inputs should consider not only the aboveground biomass for grazing, but also the soil C sequestration and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Jianling Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weijin Wang
- Department of Environment and Science, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jiafa Luo
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Agro-Technology Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Soil Science Consulting, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Sullivan BW, Nifong RL, Nasto MK, Alvarez-Clare S, Dencker CM, Soper FM, Shoemaker KT, Ishida FY, Zaragoza-Castells J, Davidson EA, Cleveland CC. Biogeochemical recuperation of lowland tropical forest during succession. Ecology 2019; 100:e02641. [PMID: 30712256 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High rates of land conversion and land use change have vastly increased the proportion of secondary forest in the lowland tropics relative to mature forest. As secondary forests recover following abandonment, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) must be present in sufficient quantities to sustain high rates of net primary production and to replenish the nutrients lost during land use prior to secondary forest establishment. Biogeochemical theory and results from individual studies suggest that N can recuperate during secondary forest recovery, especially relative to P. Here, we synthesized 23 metrics of N and P in soil and plants from 45 secondary forest chronosequences located in the wet tropics to empirically explore (1) whether there is a consistent change in nutrients and nutrient cycling processes during secondary succession in the biome; (2) which metrics of N and P in soil and plants recuperate most consistently; (3) if the recuperation of nutrients during succession approaches similar nutrient concentrations and fluxes as those in mature forest in ~100 yr following the initiation of succession; and (4) whether site characteristics, including disturbance history, climate, and soil order are significantly related to nutrient recuperation. During secondary forest succession, nine metrics of N and/or P cycling changed consistently and substantially. In most sites, N concentrations and fluxes in both plants and soil increased during secondary succession, and total P concentrations increased in surface soil. Changes in nutrient concentrations and nutrient cycling processes during secondary succession were similar whether mature forest was included or excluded from the analysis, indicating that nutrient recuperation in secondary forest leads to biogeochemical conditions that are similar to those of mature forest. Further, of the N and P metrics that recuperated, only soil total P and foliar δ15 N were strongly influenced by site characteristics like climate, soils, or disturbance history. Predictable nutrient recuperation across a diverse and productive ecosystem may support future forest growth and could provide a means to quantify successful restoration of ecosystem function in secondary tropical forest beyond biomass or species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Sullivan
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science and The Global Water Center, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | - Rachel L Nifong
- Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, National Sedimentation Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Oxford, Mississippi, 38655, USA
| | - Megan K Nasto
- Department of Biology and The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | | | - Camie M Dencker
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science and The Global Water Center, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | - Fiona M Soper
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Kevin T Shoemaker
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science and The Global Water Center, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical, Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Joana Zaragoza-Castells
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Eric A Davidson
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, 21532, USA
| | - Cory C Cleveland
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
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Wang J, Fu X, Zhang Z, Li M, Cao H, Zhou X, Ni H. Responses of soil respiration to nitrogen addition in the Sanjiang Plain wetland, northeastern China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211456. [PMID: 30703158 PMCID: PMC6355000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that nitrogen (N) addition leads to enhanced soil respiration (SR) in nitrogen deficient marsh. Here, we report the response of SR to simulated N deposition in a temperate marsh of northeastern China from June 2009 to September 2011. The experiment included three-levels of N treatment (control: no N addition, Low-N: 4g N m-2 y-1, and High-N: 8 g N m-2 y-1). Our study showed various responses of SR to level and duration of N addition. Yearly SR was increased by 11.8%-15.2% (P<0.05) under Low-N addition during the three years, while SR showed a strong increase by 27.5% (P<0.05) in the first year and then decreased by 4.4% (P>0.05) and 15.4% (P<0.05) in the next two years under High-N addition. Soil respiration was positively correlated with soil temperature and negatively correlated with soil water content. High-N treatment reduced soil pH value (P<0.05). The negative response of SR to High-N addition in the following two years may attribute to lower microbial activity, microbial biomass and alteration in the microbial community due to lower soil pH, which consequently leads to decreased SR. Meanwhile, we found root biomass were increased under High-N addition. This implies that the increase of autotrophic respiration was lower than the decline of heterotrophic respiration in the following two years. Our findings suggest complex interactions between N deposition and SR, which is needed to be further investigated in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wang
- Institute of Natural resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Institute of Natural resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Maihe Li
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Jilin, China
| | - Hongjie Cao
- Institute of Natural resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhou
- The Honghe National Nature Reserve, Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongwei Ni
- Institute of Natural resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Soil Oxygen Limits Microbial Phosphorus Utilization in Humid Tropical Forest Soils. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems2040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil phosphorus (P) availability is of special interest in many humid tropical forests, especially those on highly weathered, iron (Fe)- and aluminum (Al)-rich soils where P often limits net primary productivity. Phosphorus cycling is partly dependent on the ability of microbes to compete for P with Fe and Al minerals, which strongly bind P. Soil P availability is also indirectly affected by soil redox conditions due to its effects on microbial activity and reductive dissolution of Fe oxides that may weaken Fe-O-P sorption strength. Here, we explored P sorption, soil Fe (II) concentrations, soil CO2 production, organic and inorganic P pools, and microbial biomass P in tropical soils that typically experience frequent low redox (valley soils), or fluctuating redox conditions (slope soils). Soils from both topographic positions were pre-incubated under oxic or anoxic headspaces and then amended with a mixture of P (as orthophosphate) and carbon (C, as acetate, to maintain microbial activity) and incubated in the dark for 24 h. Phosphorus sorption to the mineral phase occurred on a time scale of seconds to minutes in valley and slope soils, reflecting strong abiotic P sorption capacity. Valley soils were characterized by inherently higher Fe(II) concentrations and lower respiration rates. Under anoxic headspaces, Fe(II) concentrations increased 3-to 5-fold in the both soils. Soil respiration and microbial P utilization declined significantly in both soils under anoxic conditions, regardless of Fe(II) concentrations. Microbial P concentrations were highest when slope soils were incubated under an oxic headspace, despite the high P sorption under these conditions. Our results suggest that microbial P utilization is indirectly limited by low O2 availability and that microbes are able to effectively compete with minerals for P under Fe-oxidizing conditions. These results emphasize the central role of soil microorganisms in regulating P availability, even in the presence of strong abiotic sorption capacity.
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Hot Spots and Hot Moments of Soil Moisture Explain Fluctuations in Iron and Carbon Cycling in a Humid Tropical Forest Soil. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems2040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soils from humid forests undergo spatial and temporal variations in moisture and oxygen (O2) in response to rainfall, and induce changes in iron (Fe) and carbon (C) biogeochemistry. We hypothesized that high rainfall periods stimulate Fe and C cycling, with the greatest effects in areas of high soil moisture. To test this, we measured Fe and C cycling across three catenas at valley, slope, and ridge positions every two days for a two-month period in a rainforest in Puerto Rico. Over 12 days without rain, soil moisture, FeII, rapidly reducible Fe oxides (FeIIIRR), and dissolved organic C (DOC) declined, but Eh and O2 increased; conversely, during a 10-day period of intense rain (290 mm), we observed the opposite trends. Mixed-effects models suggest precipitation predicted soil moisture, soil redox potential (Eh), and O2, which in turn influenced Fe reduction/oxidation, C dissolution, and mineralization processes. The approximate turnover time for HCl-extractable FeII was four days for both production and consumption, and may be driven by fluctuations in FeIIIRR, which ranged from 42% to 100% of citrate–ascorbate-extractable FeIII (short-range order (SRO)-FeIII) at a given site. Our results demonstrated that periods of high precipitation (hot moments) influenced Fe and C-cycling within day-to-week timescales, and were more pronounced in humid valleys (hot spots).
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Sheldrake M, Rosenstock NP, Mangan S, Revillini D, Sayer EJ, Olsson PA, Verbruggen E, Tanner EVJ, Turner BL, Wright SJ. Responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to long-term inorganic and organic nutrient addition in a lowland tropical forest. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2433-2445. [PMID: 29899509 PMCID: PMC6155082 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the nutritional ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is important in understanding how tropical forests maintain high productivity on low-fertility soils. Relatively little is known about how AM fungi will respond to changes in nutrient inputs in tropical forests, which hampers our ability to assess how forest productivity will be influenced by anthropogenic change. Here we assessed the influence of long-term inorganic and organic nutrient additions and nutrient depletion on AM fungi, using two adjacent experiments in a lowland tropical forest in Panama. We characterised AM fungal communities in soil and roots using 454-pyrosequencing, and quantified AM fungal abundance using microscopy and a lipid biomarker. Phosphorus and nitrogen addition reduced the abundance of AM fungi to a similar extent, but affected community composition in different ways. Nutrient depletion (removal of leaf litter) had a pronounced effect on AM fungal community composition, affecting nearly as many OTUs as phosphorus addition. The addition of nutrients in organic form (leaf litter) had little effect on any AM fungal parameter. Soil AM fungal communities responded more strongly to changes in nutrient availability than communities in roots. This suggests that the 'dual niches' of AM fungi in soil versus roots are structured to different degrees by abiotic environmental filters, and biotic filters imposed by the plant host. Our findings indicate that AM fungal communities are fine-tuned to nutrient regimes, and support future studies aiming to link AM fungal community dynamics with ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Sheldrake
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama.
| | | | - Scott Mangan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Daniel Revillini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, PO BOX 5640, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Emma J Sayer
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | | | - Erik Verbruggen
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Edmund V J Tanner
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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Zhou S, Xiang Y, Tie L, Han B, Huang C. Simulated nitrogen deposition significantly reduces soil respiration in an evergreen broadleaf forest in western China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204661. [PMID: 30261036 PMCID: PMC6160095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil respiration is the second largest terrestrial carbon (C) flux; the responses of soil respiration to nitrogen (N) deposition have far-reaching influences on the global C cycle. N deposition has been documented to significantly affect soil respiration, but the results are conflicting. The response of soil respiration to N deposition gradients remains unclear, especially in ecosystems receiving increasing ambient N depositions. A field experiment was conducted in a natural evergreen broadleaf forest in western China from November 2013 to November 2015 to understand the effects of increasing N deposition on soil respiration. Four levels of N deposition were investigated: control (Ctr, without N added), low N (L, 50 kg N ha−1·a−1), medium N (M, 150 kg N ha−1·a−1), and high N (H, 300 kg N ha−1·a−1). The results show that (1) the mean soil respiration rates in the L, M, and H treatments were 9.13%, 15.8% (P < 0.05) and 22.57% (P < 0.05) lower than that in the Ctr treatment (1.56 ± 0.13 μmol·m−2·s−1), respectively; (2) soil respiration rates showed significant positive exponential and linear relationships with soil temperature and moisture (P < 0.01), respectively. Soil temperature is more important than soil moisture in controlling the soil respiration rate; (3) the Ctr, L, M, and H treatments yielded Q10 values of 2.98, 2.78, 2.65, and 2.63, respectively. N deposition decreased the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration; (4) simulated N deposition also significantly decreased the microbial biomass C and N, fine root biomass, pH and extractable dissolved organic C (P < 0.05). Overall, the results suggest that soil respiration declines in response to N deposition. The decrease in soil respiration caused by simulated N deposition may occur through decreasing the microbial biomass C and N, fine root biomass, pH and extractable dissolved organic C. Ongoing N deposition may have significant impacts on C cycles and increase C sequestration with the increase in global temperature in evergreen broadleaf forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Zhou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanbin Xiang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liehua Tie
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bohan Han
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congde Huang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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38
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Impact of nitrogen additions on soil microbial respiration and temperature sensitivity in native and agricultural ecosystems in the Brazilian Cerrado. J Therm Biol 2018; 75:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tan Q, Wang G, Liu X, Hao T, Tan W. Responses of soil organic carbon turnover to nitrogen deposition are associated with nitrogen input rates: Derived from soil 14C evidences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:500-507. [PMID: 29604563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has exerted profound influences on ecosystems. Understanding the effects of N deposition on the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important in the studies of global carbon cycle. Although many studies have examined the effects of N deposition on SOC turnover using N addition experiments, the effects were reported to be different across studies. Thus, we lack a predictive understanding of how SOC turnover respond to atmospheric N deposition. The inconsistent results could be associated with ecosystem types and N addition rates. This study mainly wants to confirm the argument that the response of SOC turnover to N deposition is related with N input rates. We conducted a field experiment with multiple N addition levels (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 g N m-2·yr-1) in Inner Mongolia Grassland, China. To better reveal the responses of SOC turnover to N enrichment, this study measured the soil 14C contents, because it can indicate SOC turnover directly. Compared with the control treatment (0 g N m-2·yr-1), N addition inhibits SOC turnover at the addition rate of 3 g N m-2·yr-1, whereas SOC turnover is not affected when N addition rate was 6, 12, and 24 g N m-2·yr-1. Our results suggest that N input rates affect the responses of SOC turnover to N enrichment. Thus, this study can confirm the argument mentioned above. Based on this study, it should be considered in the climate prediction model that varied atmospheric N deposition levels across regions may have different impacts on local SOC turnover. In addition, we also carried out a soil incubation to compare between the results obtained in incubation and that in 14C measurements. Two results are found to be inconsistent with each other. This indicates that soil respiration from incubation experiments could not comprehensively assess the effects of N deposition on SOC turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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40
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Wang Y, Zhu X, Bai S, Zhu T, Qiu W, You Y, Wu M, Berninger F, Sun Z, Zhang H, Zhang X. Effects of forest regeneration practices on the flux of soil CO 2 after clear-cutting in subtropical China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 212:332-339. [PMID: 29453118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reforestation after clear-cutting is used to facilitate rapid establishment of new stands. However, reforestation may cause additional soil disturbance by affecting soil temperature and moisture, thus potentially influencing soil respiration. Our aim was to compare the effects of different reforestation methods on soil CO2 flux after clear-cutting in a Chinese fir plantation in subtropical China: uncut (UC), clear-cut followed by coppicing regeneration without soil preparation (CC), clear-cut followed by coppicing regeneration and reforestation with soil preparation, tending in pits and replanting (CCRP), and clear-cut followed by coppicing regeneration and reforestation with overall soil preparation, tending and replanting (CCRO). Clear-cutting significantly increased the mean soil temperature and decreased the mean soil moisture. Compared to UC, CO2 fluxes were 19.19, 37.49 and 55.93 mg m-2 h-1 higher in CC, CCRP and CCRO, respectively (P < 0.05). Differences in CO2 fluxes were mainly attributed to changes in soil temperature, litter mass and the mixing of organic matter with mineral soil. The results suggest that, when compared to coppicing regeneration, reforestation practices result in additional CO2 released, and that regarding the CO2 emissions, soil preparation and tending in pits is a better choice than overall soil preparation and tending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xudan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangbin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanting Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie You
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Frank Berninger
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Department of Forest Science, PO Box 27, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Zhibin Sun
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
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Stiles WAV, Rowe EC, Dennis P. Nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment effects on CO 2 and methane fluxes from an upland ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1199-1209. [PMID: 28954703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen (N) deposition can affect many ecosystem processes, particularly in oligotrophic habitats, and is expected to affect soil C storage potential through increases in microbial decomposition rate as a consequence of greater N availability. Increased N availability may also result in changes in the principal limitations on ecosystem productivity. Phosphorus (P) limitation may constrain productivity in instances of high N deposition, yet ecosystem responses to P availability are poorly understood. This study investigated CO2 and CH4 flux responses to N and P enrichment using both short- (1year) and long-term (16year) nutrient addition experiments. We hypothesised that the addition of either N or P will increase CO2 and CH4 fluxes, since both plant production and microbial activity are likely to increase with alleviation from nutrient limitation. This study demonstrated the modification of C fluxes from N and P enrichment, with differing results subject to the duration of nutrient addition. On average, relative to control, the addition of N alone inhibited CO2 flux in the short-term (-9%) but considerably increased CO2 emissions in the long-term (+35%), reduced CH4 uptake in the short term (-90%) and reduced CH4 emission in the long term (-94%). Phosphorus addition increased CO2 and CH4 emission in the short term (+20% and +184% respectively), with diminishing effect into the long term, suggesting microbial communities at these sites are P limited. Whilst a full C exchange budget was not examined in the experiment, the potential for soil C storage loss with long-term nutrient enrichment is demonstrated and indicates that P addition, where P is a limiting factor, may have an adverse influence on upland soil C content.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A V Stiles
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Wales SY23 3DD, United Kingdom; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, United Kingdom.
| | - Edwin C Rowe
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Dennis
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Wales SY23 3DD, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Most tropical evergreen rain forests are characterised by varying degrees of precipitation seasonality that influence plant phenology and litterfall dynamics. Soil microbes are sensitive to soil water:air ratio and to nutrient availability. We studied if within-year seasonality in precipitation and litterfall-derived nutrient input resulted in predictable seasonal variation in soil bacterial diversity/microbial functional groups in an Amazonian forest. We characterised the spatio-temporal dynamics of microbial communities from the plot to the stand scales and related them to precipitation seasonality and spatial variability in soil characteristics. Community composition and functional diversity showed high spatial heterogeneity and was related to variability in soil chemistry at the stand level. Large species turnover characterised plot level changes over time, reflecting precipitation seasonality-related changes in soil nutrient and moisture regimes. The abundance of decomposers was highest during the rainy season, characterised also by anaerobic saprophytes and N2-fixers adapted to fluctuating redox conditions. In contrast, Beijerinckiaceae, likely derived from the phyllosphere, were found at higher abundances when litter inputs and accumulation were highest. We showed that in a mildly seasonal rain forest, the composition of soil microbial communities appears to be following canopy phenology patterns and the two are interlinked and drive soil nutrient availability.
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43
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Turner BL, Brenes-Arguedas T, Condit R. Pervasive phosphorus limitation of tree species but not communities in tropical forests. Nature 2018. [PMID: 29513656 DOI: 10.1038/nature25789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus availability is widely assumed to limit primary productivity in tropical forests, but support for this paradigm is equivocal. Although biogeochemical theory predicts that phosphorus limitation should be prevalent on old, strongly weathered soils, experimental manipulations have failed to detect a consistent response to phosphorus addition in species-rich lowland tropical forests. Here we show, by quantifying the growth of 541 tropical tree species across a steep natural phosphorus gradient in Panama, that phosphorus limitation is widespread at the level of individual species and strengthens markedly below a threshold of two parts per million exchangeable soil phosphate. However, this pervasive species-specific phosphorus limitation does not translate into a community-wide response, because some species grow rapidly on infertile soils despite extremely low phosphorus availability. These results redefine our understanding of nutrient limitation in diverse plant communities and have important implications for attempts to predict the response of tropical forests to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | | | - Richard Condit
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
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44
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Mori T, Lu X, Aoyagi R, Mo J. Reconsidering the phosphorus limitation of soil microbial activity in tropical forests. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong China
- Forest Ecology LaboratoryGraduate school of AgricultureKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong China
| | - Ryota Aoyagi
- Forest Ecology LaboratoryGraduate school of AgricultureKyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong China
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45
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Temperate and Tropical Forest Canopies are Already Functioning beyond Their Thermal Thresholds for Photosynthesis. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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46
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Camenzind T, Hättenschwiler S, Treseder KK, Lehmann A, Rillig MC. Nutrient limitation of soil microbial processes in tropical forests. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE); UMR 5175; CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Kathleen K. Treseder
- School of Biological Sciences; University of California; Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
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47
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Modest Gaseous Nitrogen Losses Point to Conservative Nitrogen Cycling in a Lowland Tropical Forest Watershed. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Nutrient limitation of soil microbial activity during the earliest stages of ecosystem development. Oecologia 2017; 185:513-524. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Zeng Q, Liu Y, An S. Impact of litter quantity on the soil bacteria community during the decomposition of Quercus wutaishanica litter. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3777. [PMID: 28894648 PMCID: PMC5592084 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The forest ecosystem is the main component of terrestrial ecosystems. The global climate and the functions and processes of soil microbes in the ecosystem are all influenced by litter decomposition. The effects of litter decomposition on the abundance of soil microorganisms remain unknown. Here, we analyzed soil bacterial communities during the litter decomposition process in an incubation experiment under treatment with different litter quantities based on annual litterfall data (normal quantity, 200 g/(m2/yr); double quantity, 400 g/(m2/yr) and control, no litter). The results showed that litter quantity had significant effects on soil carbon fractions, nitrogen fractions, and bacterial community compositions, but significant differences were not found in the soil bacterial diversity. The normal litter quantity enhanced the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes and reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Plantctomycets and Nitrospiare. The Beta-, Gamma-, and Deltaproteobacteria were significantly less abundant in the normal quantity litter addition treatment, and were subsequently more abundant in the double quantity litter addition treatment. The bacterial communities transitioned from Proteobacteria-dominant (Beta-, Gamma-, and Delta) to Actinobacteria-dominant during the decomposition of the normal quantity of litter. A cluster analysis showed that the double litter treatment and the control had similar bacterial community compositions. These results suggested that the double quantity litter limited the shift of the soil bacterial community. Our results indicate that litter decomposition alters bacterial dynamics under the accumulation of litter during the vegetation restoration process, which provides important significant guidelines for the management of forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanchao Zeng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shaoshan An
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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50
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Rubio VE, Detto M. Spatiotemporal variability of soil respiration in a seasonal tropical forest. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7104-7116. [PMID: 28904787 PMCID: PMC5587468 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We monitored soil CO2 effluxes for over 3 years in a seasonally wet tropical forest in Central Panama using automated and manual measurements from 2013 to 2016. The measurements displayed a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. Temporal variability could be largely explained by surface soil water dynamics over a broad range of temporal scales. Soil moisture was responsible for seasonal cycles, diurnal cycles, intraseasonal variability such as rain‐induced pulses following dry spells, as well as suppression during near saturated conditions, and ultimately, interannual variability. Spatial variability, which remains largely unexplained, revealed an emergent role of forest structure in conjunction with physical drivers such as soil temperature and topography. Mean annual soil CO2 effluxes (±SE) amounted to 1,613 (±59) gC m−2 year−1 with an increasing trend in phase with an El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle which culminated with the strong 2015–2016 event. We attribute this trend to a relatively mild wet season during which soil saturated conditions were less persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Rubio
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama.,Department of Biological Sciences University of Los Andes Bogota Colombia
| | - Matteo Detto
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
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