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Mast N, Butts M, Pikuleva IA. Unbiased insights into the multiplicity of the CYP46A1 brain effects in 5XFAD mice treated with low dose-efavirenz. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100555. [PMID: 38719151 PMCID: PMC11176809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) is the CNS-specific cholesterol 24-hydroxylase that controls cholesterol elimination and turnover in the brain. In mouse models, pharmacologic CYP46A1 activation with low-dose efavirenz or by gene therapy mitigates the manifestations of various brain disorders, neurologic, and nonneurologic, by affecting numerous, apparently unlinked biological processes. Accordingly, CYP46A1 is emerging as a promising therapeutic target; however, the mechanisms underlying the multiplicity of the brain CYP46A1 activity effects are currently not understood. We proposed the chain reaction hypothesis, according to which CYP46A1 is important for the three primary (unifying) processes in the brain (sterol flux through the plasma membranes, acetyl-CoA, and isoprenoid production), which in turn affect a variety of secondary processes. We already identified several processes secondary to changes in sterol flux and herein undertook a multiomics approach to compare the brain proteome, acetylproteome, and metabolome of 5XFAD mice (an Alzheimer's disease model), control and treated with low-dose efavirenz. We found that the latter had increased production of phospholipids from the corresponding lysophospholipids and a globally increased protein acetylation (including histone acetylation). Apparently, these effects were secondary to increased acetyl-CoA production. Signaling of small GTPases due to their altered abundance or abundance of their regulators could be affected as well, potentially via isoprenoid biosynthesis. In addition, the omics data related differentially abundant molecules to other biological processes either reported previously or new. Thus, we obtained unbiased mechanistic insights and identified potential players mediating the multiplicity of the CYP46A1 brain effects and further detailed our chain reaction hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Makaya Butts
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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2
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Zheng WB, Qiu HJ, Xiao HD, Zou Y, Zhu XQ. Proteomic change in the upper lobe of the left lung of Beagle dogs at the lung migration stage of Toxocara canis infection. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:210. [PMID: 38725025 PMCID: PMC11084051 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxocara canis is considered one of the most neglected parasitic zoonoses and threatens the health of millions of people worldwide with a predilection for pediatric and adolescent populations in impoverished communities. Exploring the invasion and developmental mechanisms associated with T. canis infection in its definitive canine hosts will help to better control zoonotic toxocariasis. METHODS Proteomic changes in samples from the upper lobe of the left lung of Beagle puppies were systematically analyzed by quantitative proteomic technology of data-independent acquisition (DIA) at 96 h post-infection (hpi) with T. canis. Proteins with P-values < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 or < 0.67 were considered proteins with differential abundance (PDAs). RESULTS A total of 28 downregulated PDAs and 407 upregulated PDAs were identified at 96 hpi, including RhoC, TM4SFs and LPCAT1, which could be associated with the maintenance and repair of lung homeostasis. GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of all identified proteins and PDAs revealed that many lung proteins have correlation to signal transduction, lipid metabolism and immune system. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed lung proteomic alterations in Beagle dogs at the lung migration stage of T. canis infection and identified many PDAs of Beagle dog lung, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of toxocariasis, warranting further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zheng
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Jie Qiu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Dan Xiao
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wang N, Bai R, Luo R, Tuo H, Zheng Y. LPCAT1 promotes melanoma cell proliferation via Akt signaling. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:67. [PMID: 38551165 PMCID: PMC10995661 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer with an increasing cutaneous cancer‑related mortality rate worldwide. Despite therapeutic advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the overall survival of patients with melanoma remains unsatisfactory. Thus, a further understanding of the pathogenesis of melanoma may aid towards the development of therapeutic strategies. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is a key enzyme that converts lysophosphatidylcholine into phosphatidylcholine in lipid remodeling. In the present study, LPCAT1 was found to play a pro‑proliferative role in melanoma. Firstly, the expression of LPCAT1 was found to be upregulated in tissues from patients with melanoma compared with that in benign nevi. Subsequently, LPCAT1 knockdown was performed, utilizing short hairpin RNA, which induced melanoma cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition and promoted cell death. Moreover, LPCAT1 facilitated melanoma cell growth in an Akt‑dependent manner. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that targeting LPCAT1 may impede cell proliferation by inhibiting Akt signaling, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yingjian Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruiting Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Tuo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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4
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Zhang Y, Ding Y, Weng M, Cui K, Yang M, Mai K, Ai Q. Molecular cloning, tissue expression pattern, responses to different fatty acids and potential functions of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Gene 2024; 896:148056. [PMID: 38042217 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
In farmed fish, diets rich in palm oil have been observed to promote abnormal lipid build-up in the liver, subsequently leading to physiological harm and disease onset. Emerging research suggests that integrating phospholipids into the feed could serve as a potent countermeasure against hepatic impairments induced by vegetable oil consumption. Phosphatidylcholine is the most abundant type among phospholipids. In the metabolic processes of mammal, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), crucial for phosphatidylcholine remodeling, demonstrates a marked affinity towards palmitic acid (PA). Nonetheless, aspects concerning the cloning, tissue-specific distribution, and affinity of the LPCAT1 gene to diverse oil sources have yet to be elucidated in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Within the scope of this study, we successfully isolated and cloned the cDNA of the LPCAT1 gene from the large yellow croaker. Subsequent analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns of LPCAT1 across ten different tissues of the species. The fully sequenced coding DNA sequence (CDS) of LPCAT1 spans 1503 bp and encodes a sequence of 500 amino acids. Comparative sequence alignment indicates that LPCAT1 shares a 69.75 % amino acid similarity with its counterparts in other species. Although LPCAT1 manifests across various tissues of the large yellow croaker, its predominance is markedly evident in the liver and gills. Furthermore, post exposure of the large yellow croaker's hepatocytes to varied fatty acids, PA has a strong response to LPCAT1. Upon the addition of appropriate lysolecithin to palm oil feed, the mRNA expression of LPCAT1 in the liver cells of the large yellow croaker showed significant variations compared to other subtypes. Concurrently, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes il-1β, il-6, il-8, tnf-α and ifn-γ in the liver tissue of the large yellow croaker decreased. Interestingly, they exhibit the same trend of change. In conclusion, we have cloned the LPCAT1 gene on fish successfully and find the augmented gene response of LPCAT1 in hepatocytes under PA treatment first. The results of this study suggest that LPCAT1 may be associated with liver inflammation in fish and offer new insights into mitigating liver diseases in fish caused by palm oil feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Miao Weng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mengli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China.
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5
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Chen L, Xue J, Zhao L, He Y, Fu S, Ma X, Yu W, Tang Y, Wang Y, Gao Z. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase level predicts the severity and prognosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective multicenter study. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1295353. [PMID: 38259459 PMCID: PMC10800399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the diagnosis as well as prognosis for patients presented with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains challenging. We aimed to identify the role of lysophosphatidylcholine acyl-transferase (LPCAT) for CAP along with assessing this protein's effectiveness as a biomarker for severity of disease and mortality. Methods Prospective multicenter research study was carried out among hospitalized patients. A total of 299 CAP patients (including 97 severe CAP patients [SCAP]) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were included. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent test kit was employed for detecting the LPCAT level in plasma. We developed a deep-learning-based binary classification (SCAP or non-severe CAP [NSCAP]) model to process LPCAT levels and other laboratory test results. Results The level of LPCAT in patients with SCAP and death outcome was significantly higher than that in other patients. LPCAT showed the highest predictive value for SCAP. LPCAT was able to predict 30-day mortality among CAP patients, combining LPCAT values with PSI scores or CURB-65 further enhance mortality prediction accuracy. Conclusion The on admission level of LPCAT found significantly raised among SCAP patients and strongly predicted SCAP patients but with no correlation to etiology. Combining the LPCAT value with CURB-65 or PSI improved the 30-day mortality forecast significantly. Trial registration NCT03093220 Registered on March 28th, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xue
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun He
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shining Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqian Ma
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Yu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Valentine WJ, Shimizu T, Shindou H. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases orchestrate the compositional diversity of phospholipids. Biochimie 2023; 215:24-33. [PMID: 37611890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and phospholipase A1/2s, orchestrate the compositional diversity of the fatty chains in membrane phospholipids. Fourteen LPLAT enzymes which come from two distinct families, AGPAT and MBOAT, have been identified, and in this mini-review we provide an overview of their roles in de novo and remodeling pathways of membrane phospholipid biosynthesis. Recently new nomenclature for LPLATs has been introduced (LPLATx, where x is a number 1-14), and we also give an overview of key biological functions that have been discovered for LPLAT1-14, revealed primarily through studies of LPLAT-gene-deficient mice as well as by linkages to various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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7
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Chen H, Zhou H, Liang Y, Huang Z, Yang S, Wang X, She Z, Wei Z, Zhang Q. UHPLC-HRMS-based serum untargeted lipidomics: Phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins are the main disturbed lipid markers to distinguish colorectal advanced adenoma from cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115582. [PMID: 37473505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal advanced adenoma (CAA) is a key precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer (CRC), and early diagnosis can lessen CRC morbidity and mortality. Although abnormal lipid metabolism is associated with the development of CRC, there are no studies on the biomarkers and mechanism of lipid metabolism linked to CAA carcinogenesis. Hence, we performed a lipidomics study of serum samples from 46 CAA, and 50 CRC patients by the ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) in both electrospray ionization (ESI) modes. Differential lipids were selected by univariate and multivariate statistics analysis, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Combining P < 0.05 and variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1, 59 differential lipids were obtained totally. Ten of them showed good discriminant ability for CAA and CRC (AUC > 0.900). Especially, the lipid panel consisting of PC 44:5, PC 35:6e, and SM d40:3 showed the highest selection frequency and outperformed (AUC = 0.952). Additionally, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) were the main differential and high-performance lipids. In short, this is the first study to explore the biomarkers and mechanism for CAA-CRC sequence with large-scale serum lipidomics. The findings should provide valuable reference and new clues for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Hailin Zhou
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Zongsheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Shanyi Yang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Xuancheng Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Zhiyong She
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Zhijuan Wei
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 44500, PR China; Center for Instrumental Analysis, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China.
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8
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Kimura T, Kimura AK, Epand RM. Systematic crosstalk in plasmalogen and diacyl lipid biosynthesis for their differential yet concerted molecular functions in the cell. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101234. [PMID: 37169310 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogen is a major phospholipid of mammalian cell membranes. Recently it is becoming evident that the sn-1 vinyl-ether linkage in plasmalogen, contrasting to the ester linkage in the counterpart diacyl glycerophospholipid, yields differential molecular characteristics for these lipids especially related to hydrocarbon-chain order, so as to concertedly regulate biological membrane processes. A role played by NMR in gaining information in this respect, ranging from molecular to tissue levels, draws particular attention. We note here that a broad range of enzymes in de novo synthesis pathway of plasmalogen commonly constitute that of diacyl glycerophospholipid. This fact forms the basis for systematic crosstalk that not only controls a quantitative balance between these lipids, but also senses a defect causing loss of lipid in either pathway for compensation by increase of the counterpart lipid. However, this inherent counterbalancing mechanism paradoxically amplifies imbalance in differential effects of these lipids in a diseased state on membrane processes. While sharing of enzymes has been recognized, it is now possible to overview the crosstalk with growing information for specific enzymes involved. The overview provides a fundamental clue to consider cell and tissue type-dependent schemes in regulating membrane processes by plasmalogen and diacyl glycerophospholipid in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
| | - Atsuko K Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Kim KS, Moon SW, Moon MH, Hyun KY, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Kim KY, Jekarl DW, Oh EJ, Kim Y. Metabolic profiles of lung adenocarcinoma via peripheral blood and diagnostic model construction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7304. [PMID: 37147444 PMCID: PMC10163250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic profile of cancerous cells is shifted to meet the cellular demand required for proliferation and growth. Here we show the features of cancer metabolic profiles using peripheral blood of healthy control subjects (n = 78) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients (n = 64). Among 121 detected metabolites, diagnosis of LUAD is based on arginine, lysophosphatidylcholine-acyl (Lyso.PC.a) C16:0, and PC-diacyl (PC.aa) C38:3. Network analysis revealed that network heterogeneity, diameter, and shortest path were decreased in LUAD. On the contrary, these parameters were increased in advanced-stage compared to early-stage LUAD. Clustering coefficient, network density, and average degree were increased in LUAD compared to the healthy control, whereas these topologic parameters were decreased in advanced-stage compared to early-stage LUAD. Public LUAD data verified that the genes encoding enzymes for arginine (NOS, ARG, AZIN) and for Lyso.PC and PC (CHK, PCYT, LPCAT) were related with overall survival. Further studies are required to verify these results with larger samples and other histologic types of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Soo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Whan Moon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyung Moon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Yong Hyun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Department of Pulmonology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Koon Kim
- Department of Pulmonology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Youl Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Wook Jekarl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Research and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
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10
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Takahashi T, Fee EL, Takahashi Y, Usuda H, Carter SWD, Ikeda H, Saito M, Kumagai Y, Bridges JP, Jobe AH, Choolani MA, Kemp MW. LPCAT1 levels in the placenta, the maternal plasma and the fetal plasma do not predict fetal lung responses to glucocorticoids in a sheep model of pregnancy. Placenta 2023; 138:1-9. [PMID: 37146534 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is important for saturated phosphatidylcholine (Sat-PC) production in the lung. Sat-PC is a critical component of pulmonary surfactant, which maintains low alveolar surface tension, facilitating respiration. Previous studies have reported an association between maternal and fetal LPCAT1 levels and neonatal lung function. Using a sheep model of pregnancy, we investigated a potential correlation between glucocorticoid-induced lung maturation and LPCAT1 mRNA and/or protein levels in the fetal lung, the placenta, the fetal plasma, and the maternal plasma. METHODS Eighty seven single pregnant ewes received maternal intramuscular injections of betamethasone. A sub-group of five animals had both maternal and fetal catheters installed to allow for sequential sampling from both plasma compartments. Lambs were surgically delivered under terminal anaesthesia between 2 and 8 days after initial ANS treatment, at a gestational age of 121-123 days. Lambs were ventilated for 30 min to determine functional lung maturation before being euthanized for necropsy and sample collection. Fetal lung, placenta, and fetal and maternal plasma samples were used to analyse LPCAT1 gene expression and protein levels. RESULTS The expression of LPCAT1 mRNA in the fetal lung was significantly corelated to Sat-PC levels at 8 days (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.001) and lung maturation status overall (gas exchange efficiency as determined by measurements of lamb PaCO2 during ventilation, R2 = 0.20, p < 0.001). Similarly, fetal lung LPCAT1 mRNA was also significantly correlated with the individual durability of ANS effects on fetal lung maturation (R2 = 0.20, p < 0.001). Although ANS therapy altered LPCAT1 mRNA expression in the placenta, observed changes were independent of fetal lung maturation outcomes. Neither maternal nor fetal plasma LPCAT1 levels were changed by ANS therapy over the period, including in analysis of serial maternal and fetal samples from chronically catheterised animals. DISCUSSION LPCAT1 expression in the fetal lung was associated with the durability of glucocorticoid effects on fetal lung maturation. However, LPCAT1 expression in the placenta, the fetal plasma, and the maternal plasma was neither associated with, nor predictive of fetal lung maturation after glucocorticoid treatment in a sheep model of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Erin L Fee
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruo Usuda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sean W D Carter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hideyuki Ikeda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusaku Kumagai
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - James P Bridges
- National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, USA
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mahesh A Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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11
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Zhao X, Liang J, Chen Z, Jian R, Qian Y, Wang Y, Guo Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Yin H, Xia Y. sn-1 Specificity of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase-1 Revealed by a Mass Spectrometry-Based Assay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215556. [PMID: 36478519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-1 (LPCAT1) plays a critical role in the remodeling of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) in cellular lipidome. However, evidence is scarce regarding its sn-selectivity, viz. the preference of assembling acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) at the C1 or C2-hydroxyl on a glycerol backbone because of difficulty to quantify the thus-formed PC sn-isomers. We have established a multiplexed assay to measure both sn- and acyl-chain selectivity of LPCAT1 toward a mixture of acyl-CoAs by integrating isomer-resolving tandem mass spectrometry. Our findings reveal that LPCAT1 shows exclusive sn-1 specificity regardless of the identity of acyl-CoAs. We further confirm that elevated PC 18 : 1/16:0 relative to its sn-isomer results from an increased expression of LPCAT1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue as compared to normal liver tissue. MS imaging via desorption electrospray ionization of PC 18 : 1/16:0 thus enables visualization of HCC margins in human liver tissue at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biological, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biological, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Ruijun Jian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biological, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yao Qian
- State key laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State key laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biological, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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The Role of Pulmonary Surfactant Phospholipids in Fibrotic Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010326. [PMID: 36613771 PMCID: PMC9820286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) or Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of lung conditions with common characteristics that can progress to fibrosis. Within this group of pneumonias, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is considered the most common. This disease has no known cause, is devastating and has no cure. Chronic lesion of alveolar type II (ATII) cells represents a key mechanism for the development of IPF. ATII cells are specialized in the biosynthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant (PS), a lipid-protein complex that reduces surface tension and minimizes breathing effort. Some differences in PS composition have been reported between patients with idiopathic pulmonary disease and healthy individuals, especially regarding some specific proteins in the PS; however, few reports have been conducted on the lipid components. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which phospholipids (PLs) could be involved in the development of the fibroproliferative response.
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13
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Li M, Gao Y, Wang D, Hu X, Jiang J, Qing Y, Yang X, Cui G, Wang P, Zhang J, Sun L, Wan C. Impaired Membrane Lipid Homeostasis in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:1125-1135. [PMID: 35751100 PMCID: PMC9434453 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Multiple lines of clinical, biochemical, and genetic evidence suggest that disturbances of membrane lipids and their metabolism are probably involved in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Lipids in the membrane are essential to neural development and brain function, however, their role in SCZ remains largely unexplored. STUDY DESIGN Here we investigated the lipidome of the erythrocyte membrane of 80 patients with SCZ and 40 healthy controls using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on the membrane lipids profiling, we explored the potential mechanism of membrane phospholipids metabolism. STUDY RESULTS By comparing 812 quantified lipids, we found that in SCZ, membrane phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, especially the plasmalogen, were significantly decreased. In addition, the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the membrane of SCZ were significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in membrane fluidity. The accumulation of membrane oxidized lipids and the level of peripheral lipid peroxides increased, suggesting an elevated level of oxidative stress in SCZ. Further study of membrane-phospholipid-remodeling genes showed that activation of PLA2s and LPCATs expression in patients, supporting the imbalance of unsaturated and saturated fatty acyl remodeling in phospholipids of SCZ patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the mechanism of impaired membrane lipid homeostasis is related to the activated phospholipid remodeling caused by excessive oxidative stress in SCZ. Disordered membrane lipids found in this study may reflect the membrane dysfunction in the central nervous system and impact neurotransmitter transmission in patients with SCZ, providing new evidence for the membrane lipids hypothesis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhan Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoping Cui
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengkun Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Sun
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China, tel: +86-021-62822491, fax: +86-021-62932059, e-mail: (C.W.), (L.S.)
| | - Chunling Wan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China, tel: +86-021-62822491, fax: +86-021-62932059, e-mail: (C.W.), (L.S.)
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14
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Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 1 Deficiency Promotes Pulmonary Emphysema via Apoptosis of Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2022; 45:1765-1779. [PMID: 35338433 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily caused by inhalation of cigarette smoke and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Pulmonary surfactant, a complex of phospholipids and proteins, plays an essential role in respiration by reducing the surface tension in the alveoli. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of surfactant lipids and is expressed in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. Its dysfunction is suggested to be involved in various lung diseases; however, the relationship between LPCAT1 and COPD remains unclear. To investigate the role of LPCAT1 in the pathology of COPD, we analyzed an elastase-induced emphysema model using Lpcat1 knockout (KO) mice. In Lpcat1 KO mice, elastase-induced emphysema was significantly exacerbated with increased apoptotic cells, which was not ameliorated by supplementation with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, which is a major component of the surfactant synthesized by LPCAT1. We subsequently evaluated the effects of cigarette smoking on primary human type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (hAEC2s) and found that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) downregulated the expression of Lpcat1. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the apoptosis pathway was significantly enriched in CSE-treated primary hAEC2s. Finally, we downregulated the expression of Lpcat1 using small interfering RNA, which resulted in enhanced CSE-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Taken together, cigarette smoke-induced downregulation of LPCAT1 can promote the exacerbation of pulmonary emphysema by increasing the susceptibility of alveolar epithelial cells to apoptosis, thereby suggesting that Lpcat1 is a novel therapeutic target for irreversible emphysema.
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15
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O'Donnell VB. New appreciation for an old pathway: the Lands Cycle moves into new arenas in health and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1-11. [PMID: 35225335 PMCID: PMC9022965 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Lands Pathway is a fundamental biochemical process named for its discovery by William EM Lands and revealed in a series of seminal papers published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry between 1958-65. It describes the selective placement in phospholipids of acyl chains, by phospholipid acyltransferases. This pathway has formed a core component of our knowledge of phospholipid and also diglyceride metabolism in mammalian tissues for over 60 years now. Our understanding of how the Lands pathways are enzymatically mediated via large families of related gene products that display both substrate and tissue specificity has grown exponentially since. Recent studies building on this are starting to reveal key roles for the Lands pathway in specific scenarios, in particular inflammation, immunity and inflammation. This review will cover the Lands cycle from historical perspectives first, then present new information on how this important cycle forms a central regulatory node connecting fatty acyl and phospholipid metabolism and how its altered regulation may present new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B. O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4SN, U.K
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16
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Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 promotes pathology and toxicity in two distinct cell-based alpha-synuclein models. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Valentine WJ, Yanagida K, Kawana H, Kono N, Noda NN, Aoki J, Shindou H. Update and nomenclature proposal for mammalian lysophospholipid acyltransferases which create membrane phospholipid diversity. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101470. [PMID: 34890643 PMCID: PMC8753187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of glycerophospholipid species in cellular membranes is immense and affects various biological functions. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with phospholipase A1/2s enzymes, contribute to this diversity via selective esterification of fatty acyl chains at the sn-1 or sn-2 positions of membrane phospholipids. These enzymes are conserved across all kingdoms, and in mammals four GPATs of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family and at least 14 LPLATs, either of the AGPAT or the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) families, have been identified. Here we provide an overview of the biochemical and biological activities of these mammalian enzymes, including their predicted structures, involvements in human diseases, and essential physiological roles as revealed by gene-deficient mice. Recently, the nomenclature used to refer to these enzymes has generated some confusion due to the use of multiple names to refer to the same enzyme and instances of the same name being used to refer to completely different enzymes. Thus, this review proposes a more uniform LPLAT enzyme nomenclature, as well as providing an update of recent advances made in the study of LPLATs, continuing from our JBC mini review in 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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18
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The structural basis for the phospholipid remodeling by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6869. [PMID: 34824256 PMCID: PMC8617236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the major component of cell membranes, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is synthesized de novo in the Kennedy pathway and then undergoes extensive deacylation-reacylation remodeling via Lands' cycle. The re-acylation is catalyzed by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) and among the four LPCAT members in human, the LPCAT3 preferentially introduces polyunsaturated acyl onto the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidylcholine, thereby modulating the membrane fluidity and membrane protein functions therein. Combining the x-ray crystallography and the cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of LPCAT3 in apo-, acyl donor-bound, and acyl receptor-bound states. A reaction chamber was revealed in the LPCAT3 structure where the lysophosphatidylcholine and arachidonoyl-CoA were positioned in two tunnels connected near to the catalytic center. A side pocket was found expanding the tunnel for the arachidonoyl CoA and holding the main body of arachidonoyl. The structural and functional analysis provides the basis for the re-acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine and the substrate preference during the reactions.
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19
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McErlean P, Bell CG, Hewitt RJ, Busharat Z, Ogger PP, Ghai P, Albers GJ, Calamita E, Kingston S, Molyneaux PL, Beck S, Lloyd CM, Maher TM, Byrne AJ. DNA Methylome Alterations are Associated with Airway Macrophage Differentiation and Phenotype During Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:954-966. [PMID: 34280322 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202101-0004oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Airway macrophages (AMs) are key regulators of the lung environment and are implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal respiratory disease with no cure. However, knowledge of epigenetics of AMs in IPF are limited. METHODS We undertook DNA methylation profiling using Illumina EPIC (850k) arrays in sorted AMs from Healthy (n=14) and IPF (n=30) donors. Cell-type deconvolution was performed using reference myeloid-cell DNA methylomes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Our analysis revealed epigenetic heterogeneity was a key characteristic of IPF-AMs. DNAm 'clock' analysis indicated epigenetic alterations in IPF-AMs was not associated with accelerated ageing. In differential DNAm analysis, we identified numerous differentially methylated positions (DMPs, n=11) and regions (DMRs, n=49) between healthy and IPF AMs respectively. DMPs and DMRs encompassed genes involved in lipid (LPCAT1) and glucose (PFKFB3) metabolism and importantly, DNAm status was associated with disease severity in IPF. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data identify that changes in the epigenome are associated with development and function of AMs in the IPF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McErlean
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Christopher G Bell
- William Harvey Research Institute, 105713, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Richard J Hewitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Inflammation, Repair & Development, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Zabreen Busharat
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Patricia P Ogger
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Poonam Ghai
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gesa J Albers
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Emily Calamita
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Shaun Kingston
- Royal Brompton Hospital, 156726, Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Stephan Beck
- University College London, 4919, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Imperial College, Leukocyte Biology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Toby M Maher
- Royal Brompton Hospital, 156726, Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Adam J Byrne
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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20
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Hamano F, Matoba K, Hashidate-Yoshida T, Suzuki T, Miura K, Hishikawa D, Harayama T, Yuki K, Kita Y, Noda NN, Shimizu T, Shindou H. Mutagenesis and homology modeling reveal a predicted pocket of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 to catch Acyl-CoA. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21501. [PMID: 33956375 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002591r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent proinflammatory phospholipid mediator that elicits various cellular functions and promotes several pathological events, including anaphylaxis and neuropathic pain. PAF is biosynthesized by two types of lyso-PAF acetyltransferases: lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) and LPCAT2, which are constitutive and inducible forms of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase, respectively. Because LPCAT2 mainly produces PAF under inflammatory stimuli, understanding the structure of LPCAT2 is important for developing specific drugs against PAF-related inflammatory diseases. Although the structure of LPCAT2 has not been determined, the crystal structure was reported for Thermotoga maritima PlsC, an enzyme in the same gene family as LPCAT2. Here, we identified residues in mouse LPCAT2 essential for its enzymatic activity and a potential acyl-coenzyme A (CoA)-binding pocket, based on homology modeling of mouse LPCAT2 with PlsC. We also found that Ala115 of mouse LPCAT2 was important for acyl-CoA selectivity. In conclusion, these results predict the three-dimensional (3D) structure of mouse LPCAT2. Our findings have implications for the future development of new drugs against PAF-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Hamano
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matoba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Suzuki
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Miura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hishikawa
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harayama
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kita
- Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Bellon E, Grupp K, Ghadban T, Tachezy M, Bachmann K, Izbicki JR, Simon R, Sauter G, Hube-Magg C, Melling N. Increased lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 expression is unrelated to prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2879-2884. [PMID: 34148155 PMCID: PMC8397628 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) has repeatedly been suggested to be associated with tumorigenesis. To evaluate the role of LPCAT1 in esophageal cancer, LPCAT1 immunostaining was analyzed on a tissue microarray containing samples from esophageal cancer patients. Results In benign esophageal tissue, LPCAT1 staining was detectable in low intensities. LPCAT1 staining was increased in malignant as compared to benign esophageal tissue and was found in high intensity in 26.4% of 288 interpretable esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) and in 23.2% of 211 squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). Increased LPCAT1 staining was linked to undifferentiated tumor grading in both subtypes of EACs and ESCCs (p = 0.0273 and p = 0.0085). Conclusion However, LPCAT1 was not associated with prognosis of EAC and ESCC patients (p = 0.6838 and p = 0.4695) and thus cannot be considered a prognostic biomarker in esophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Bellon
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tarik Ghadban
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tachezy
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Bachmann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Robert Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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LPCAT1-TERT fusions are uniquely recurrent in epithelioid trophoblastic tumors and positively regulate cell growth. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250518. [PMID: 34033669 PMCID: PMC8148365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a heterogeneous group of lesions arising from placental tissue. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT), derived from chorionic-type trophoblast, is the rarest form of GTD with only approximately 130 cases described in the literature. Due to its morphologic mimicry of epithelioid smooth muscle tumors and carcinoma, ETT can be misdiagnosed. To date, molecular characterization of ETTs is lacking. Furthermore, ETT is difficult to treat when disease spreads beyond the uterus. Here using RNA-Seq analysis in a cohort of ETTs and other gestational trophoblastic lesions we describe the discovery of LPCAT1-TERT fusion transcripts that occur in ETTs and coincide with underlying genomic deletions. Through cell-growth assays we demonstrate that LPCAT1-TERT fusion proteins can positively modulate cell proliferation and therefore may represent future treatment targets. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TERT upregulation appears to be a characteristic of ETTs, even in the absence of LPCAT1-TERT fusions, and that it appears linked to copy number gains of chromosome 5. No evidence of TERT upregulation was identified in other trophoblastic lesions tested, including placental site trophoblastic tumors and placental site nodules, which are thought to be the benign chorionic-type trophoblast counterpart to ETT. These findings indicate that LPCAT1-TERT fusions and copy-number driven TERT activation may represent novel markers for ETT, with the potential to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for women with this rare form of GTD.
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Dalmaso B, da Silva-Junior IA, Fragel-Madeira L, Jancar S, Del Debbio CB. Platelet activating factor in the eye: Physiological roles, diseases and future perspectives. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 153:106522. [PMID: 33358892 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) is a known phospholipid mediator of inflammation. Since its first description in 1972, it has emerged as a key regulator of vital cellular signaling functions, as proliferation, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Evidence suggests that interactions between PAF and its receptor (PAFR) play a critical role in nervous system tissues, including the retina. The retina is a very important constituent of the visual system, along with the cornea, sclera, choroid, iris, and ciliary body, that acts synergistically to provide vision and to maintain optical homeostasis. There is evidence that PAF may regulate a wide range of physiological functions in the visual system tissues, such as eye development, inflammation, epithelial wound healing, and synapsis. Due to their multiple functions, PAF and PAFR also have important pathological and clinical implications in ocular disorders such as Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), Age Macular Degeneration, (AMD), Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), transplant responses, and pharmacological interactions. Studies with PAFR antagonists have shown promising results such as inhibition of neovascularization and chloroquine-induced retinopathies, as well as reducing inflammation and retinal cell death. Due to the importance of PAFR signaling in the visual system and ophthalmology research, this review aims to provide a general overview of current and future perspectives about PAF in eye biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dalmaso
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lucianne Fragel-Madeira
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Beltrame Del Debbio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Molecular mechanisms for biosynthesis and assembly of nutritionally important very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in microorganisms. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2) co-localises with TLR4 and regulates macrophage inflammatory gene expression in response to LPS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10355. [PMID: 32587324 PMCID: PMC7316826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive investigations, an effective treatment for sepsis remains elusive and a better understanding of the inflammatory response to infection is required to identify potential new targets for therapy. In this study we have used RNAi technology to show, for the first time, that the inducible lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2) plays a key role in macrophage inflammatory gene expression in response to stimulation with bacterial ligands. Using siRNA- or shRNA-mediated knockdown, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the constitutive LPCAT1, LPCAT2 is required for macrophage cytokine gene expression and release in response to TLR4 and TLR2 ligand stimulation but not for TLR-independent stimuli. In addition, cells transfected to overexpress LPCAT2 exhibited increased expression of inflammatory genes in response to LPS and other bacterial ligands. Furthermore, we have used immunoprecipitation and Western blotting to show that in response to LPS, LPCAT2, but not LPCAT1, rapidly associates with TLR4 and translocates to membrane lipid raft domains. Our data thus suggest a novel mechanism for the regulation of inflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial stimuli and highlight LPCAT2 as a potential therapeutic target for development of anti-inflammatory and anti-sepsis therapies.
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Shen W, Kuang P, Wang B, Zeng Q, Chen C, Lin X. Genetic Polymorphisms of LPCAT1, CHPT1 and PCYT1B and Risk of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome among a Chinese Han Population. Pediatr Neonatol 2020; 61:318-324. [PMID: 31964590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of genetic polymorphisms of surfactant-lipids related genes can help to understand individual variability in the susceptibility to development of pulmonary pathologies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms of surfactant-lipids related genes (LPCAT1, CHPT1 and PCYT1B) with the risk/severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates among the Chinese Han population in Southern China. METHODS Four hundred and forty-six preterm neonates were enrolled in a case-control study. Six polymorphisms of 3 genes were analyzed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA and genotyping was performed using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique based on LDR. RESULTS The GG genotype and G allele of LPCAT1-rs9728 were found less frequently in the RDS group than in the controls (11.5% vs. 22.0% and 38.3% vs. 48.2%, respectively) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This report is the first study to evaluate a direct genetic association between polymorphisms of LPCAT1 and RDS development in Chinese Han preterm infants. Our study raises the possibility that a genetic variation of LPCAT1 could be implicated in the pathophysiology of RDS in preterm neonates. GG genotype and G allele of rs9728 are protective factors for the development of RDS in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Neonatology Department, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Penghao Kuang
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Qiyi Zeng
- Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Neonatology Department, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Neonatology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Xinzhu Lin
- Neonatology Department, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China.
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Wahid HH, Chin PY, Sharkey DJ, Diener KR, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA. Toll-Like Receptor-4 Antagonist (+)-Naltrexone Protects Against Carbamyl-Platelet Activating Factor (cPAF)-Induced Preterm Labor in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1030-1045. [PMID: 32084361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm labor is frequently caused by an inflammatory response in the gestational tissues elicited by either infectious or sterile agents. In sterile preterm labor, the key regulators of inflammation are not identified, but platelet-activating factor (PAF) is implicated as a potential rate-limiting effector agent. Since Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 can amplify PAF signaling, we evaluated whether TLR4 contributes to inflammation and fetal loss in a mouse model of PAF-induced sterile preterm labor, and whether a small-molecule TLR4 inhibitor, (+)-naltrexone, can mitigate adverse PAF-induced effects. The administration of carbamyl (c)-PAF caused preterm labor and fetal loss in wild-type mice but not in TLR4-deficient mice. Treatment with (+)-naltrexone prevented preterm delivery and alleviated fetal demise in utero elicited after cPAF administered by i.p. or intrauterine routes. Pups born after cPAF and (+)-naltrexone treatment exhibited comparable rates of postnatal survival and growth to carrier-treated controls. (+)-Naltrexone suppressed the cPAF-induced expression of inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b, Il6, and Il10 in the decidua; Il6, Il12b, and Il10 in the myometrium; and Il1b and Il6 in the placenta. These data demonstrate that the TLR4 antagonist (+)-naltrexone inhibits the inflammatory cascade induced by cPAF, preventing preterm birth and perinatal death. The inhibition of TLR4 signaling warrants further investigation as a candidate strategy for fetal protection and delay of preterm birth elicited by sterile stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Wahid
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peck Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Valentine WJ, Hashidate-Yoshida T, Yamamoto S, Shindou H. Biosynthetic Enzymes of Membrane Glycerophospholipid Diversity as Therapeutic Targets for Drug Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:5-27. [PMID: 32894505 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical properties of membranes are dependent on their glycerophospholipid compositions. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) selectively incorporate fatty chains into lysophospholipids to affect the fatty acid composition of membrane glycerophospholipids. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs) of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family incorporate fatty chains into phosphatidic acid during the de novo glycerophospholipid synthesis in the Kennedy pathway. Other LPLATs of both the AGPAT and the membrane bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) families further modify the fatty chain compositions of membrane glycerophospholipids in the remodeling pathway known as the Lands' cycle. The LPLATs functioning in these pathways possess unique characteristics in terms of their biochemical activities, regulation of expressions, and functions in various biological contexts. Essential physiological functions for LPLATs have been revealed in studies using gene-deficient mice, and important roles for several enzymes are also indicated in human diseases where their mutation or dysregulation causes or contributes to the pathological condition. Now several LPLATs are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets, and further understanding of the mechanisms underlying their physiological and pathological roles will aid in the development of novel therapies to treat several diseases that involve altered glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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The Ratios of monounsaturated to saturated phosphatidylcholines in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry and imaging Mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8916. [PMID: 31222099 PMCID: PMC6586780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer, and can be classified into various histologic subtypes. However, little is known about the subtype-dependent variations in lipid metabolism processes. We performed dual lipidomic analyses using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) to identify possible biomarkers to distinguish adenocarcinoma specimens from normal lung specimens, and to determine if there are any differences in lipid metabolism among the histologic subtypes (lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, solid, and mucinous). LC-MS was used to characterize the lipid profiles of lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissue, and MALDI-IMS analysis was performed to confirm the results with information on lipid localization within the lung. LC-MS analysis found significant differences in the relative abundances of phosphatidylcholine (PC)(16:0/16:0) (P = 0.0432) and sphingomyelin (SM)(42:2) (P < 0.0001) between adenocarcinoma and normal lung specimens. The ratios of PC(16:0/16:1)/PC(16:0/16:0), PC(16:0/18:1)/PC(16:0/16:0), and PC(16:0/18:1)/PC(16:0/18:0) were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma specimens (P = 0.02221, P = 0.0004, and P = 0.0215, respectively). MALDI-IMS analysis confirmed that these ratios were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma regions of the lung. The ratio of PC(16:0–18:1)/PC(16:0–18:0) was significantly lower in solid subtypes than in other subtypes (P = 0.0028). The monounsaturated/saturated PC ratios may have applications in adenocarcinoma diagnoses and subtyping.
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30
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Kita Y, Shindou H, Shimizu T. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipid acyltransferases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:838-845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Law SH, Chan ML, Marathe GK, Parveen F, Chen CH, Ke LY. An Updated Review of Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051149. [PMID: 30845751 PMCID: PMC6429061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increasingly recognized as a key marker/factor positively associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, findings from recent clinical lipidomic studies of LPC have been controversial. A key issue is the complexity of the enzymatic cascade involved in LPC metabolism. Here, we address the coordination of these enzymes and the derangement that may disrupt LPC homeostasis, leading to metabolic disorders. LPC is mainly derived from the turnover of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the circulation by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In the presence of Acyl-CoA, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) converts LPC to PC, which rapidly gets recycled by the Lands cycle. However, overexpression or enhanced activity of PLA2 increases the LPC content in modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL, which play significant roles in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and endothelial dysfunction. The intracellular enzyme LPCAT cannot directly remove LPC from circulation. Hydrolysis of LPC by autotaxin, an enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity, generates lysophosphatidic acid, which is highly associated with cancers. Although enzymes with lysophospholipase A1 activity could theoretically degrade LPC into harmless metabolites, they have not been found in the circulation. In conclusion, understanding enzyme kinetics and LPC metabolism may help identify novel therapeutic targets in LPC-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Law
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Lin Chan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, MacKay Medical College, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Gopal K Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, India.
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Alveolar type 2 progenitor cells for lung injury repair. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:63. [PMID: 30774991 PMCID: PMC6368612 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 progenitor cells (AT2) seem closest to clinical translation, specifying the evidence that AT2 may satisfactorily control the immune response to decrease lung injury by stabilizing host immune-competence and a classic and crucial resource for lung regeneration and repair. AT2 establish potential in benefiting injured lungs. However, significant discrepancies linger in our understanding vis-à-vis the mechanisms for AT2 as a regime for stem cell therapy as well as essential guiding information for clinical trials, including effectiveness in appropriate pre-clinical models, safety, mostly specifications for divergent lung injury patients. These important gaps shall be systematically investigated prior to the vast therapeutic perspective of AT2 cells for pulmonary diseases can be considered. This review focused on AT2 cells homeostasis, pathophysiological changes in the pathogenesis of lung injury, physiological function of AT2 cells, apoptosis of AT2 cells in lung diseases, the role of AT2 cells in repairing processes after lung injury, mechanism of AT2 cells activation promote repairing processes after lung injury, and potential therapy of lung disease by utilizing the AT2 progenitor cells. The advancement remains to causally connect the molecular and cellular alteration of AT2 cells to lung injury and repair. Conclusively, it is identified that AT2 cells can convert into AT1 cells; but, the comprehensive cellular mechanisms involved in this transition are unrevealed. Further investigation is mandatory to determine new strategies to prevent lung injury.
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Pacifici F, Della Morte D, Capuani B, Pastore D, Bellia A, Sbraccia P, Di Daniele N, Lauro R, Lauro D. Peroxiredoxin6, a Multitask Antioxidant Enzyme Involved in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:399-414. [PMID: 29160110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. NCDs mainly comprise diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and neurological degenerative diseases, which kill more than 80% of population, especially the elderly, worldwide. Recent Advances: Several recent theories established NCDs as multifactorial diseases, where a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors contributes to their pathogenesis. Nevertheless, recent findings suggest that the common factor linking all these pathologies is an increase in oxidative stress and the age-related loss of the antioxidant mechanisms of defense against it. Impairment in mitochondrial homeostasis with consequent deregulation in oxidative stress balance has also been suggested. CRITICAL ISSUES Therefore, antioxidant proteins deserve particular attention for their potential role against NCDs. In particular, peroxiredoxin(Prdx)6 is a unique antioxidant enzyme, belonging to the Prdx family, with double properties, peroxidase and phospholipase activities. Through these activities, Prdx6 has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant enzyme, implicated in the pathogenesis of different NCDs. Recently, we described a phenotype of diabetes mellitus in Prdx6 knockout mice, suggesting a pivotal role of Prdx6 in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increasing awareness on the role of antioxidant defenses in the pathogenesis of NCDs may open novel therapeutic approaches to reduce the burden of this pandemic phenomenon. However, knowledge of the role of Prdx6 in NCD prevention and pathogenesis is still not clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pacifici
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - David Della Morte
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy .,2 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Capuani
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pastore
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy .,3 Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, University Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy .,3 Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, University Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy .,3 Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, University Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Lauro
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy .,3 Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, University Hospital , Rome, Italy
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Jiang H, Li Z, Huan C, Jiang XC. Macrophage Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 Deficiency-Mediated Inflammation Is Not Sufficient to Induce Atherosclerosis in a Mouse Model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 5:192. [PMID: 30705887 PMCID: PMC6344406 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell membrane phosphatidylcholines (PCs), the major phospholipids, exhibit diversity which is controlled by Lands' cycle or PC remodeling pathway. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) is one of the major players in the pathway and plays an important role in maintaining cell membrane structure and function. LPCAT3 is highly expressed in macrophages, however, its role in mediating inflammation is still not understood, since contradictory results were reported previously. The order of LPCAT mRNA levels in mouse macrophages is as follows: LPCAT3 > LPCAT1 > LPCAT2 >> LPCAT4. In order to investigate the role of LPCAT3 in macrophages, we prepared myeloid cell-specific Lpcat3 knockout (KO) mice and found that the deficiency significantly reduced certain polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines, such as 16:0/20:4, 18:1/18:2, 18:0/20:4, and 18:1/20:4 in macrophage plasma membrane. Lpcat3 deficiency significantly increased toll like receptor 4 protein and phosphorylated c-Src in membrane lipid rafts, and increased LPS-induced IL-6 and TNFα releasing through activation of MAP kinases and NFκB. Moreover, the ablation of LPCAT3 in macrophages significantly increase of M1 macrophages. However, macrophage deletion of Lpcat3 in (LDL receptor) Ldlr KO mice, both male and female, on a Western type diet, did not have a significant impact on atherogenesis. In conclusion, LPCAT3 is one of LPCATs in macrophages, involved in PC remodeling. LPCAT3 deficiency has no effect on cholesterol efflux. However, the deficiency promotes macrophage inflammatory response, but such an effect has a marginal influence on the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Chongmin Huan
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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Mendelson CR, Gao L, Montalbano AP. Multifactorial Regulation of Myometrial Contractility During Pregnancy and Parturition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:714. [PMID: 31708868 PMCID: PMC6823183 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroid hormones progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2), produced by the placenta in humans and the ovaries in rodents, serve crucial roles in the maintenance of pregnancy, and the initiation of parturition. Because of their critical importance for species survival, the mechanisms whereby P4 and its nuclear receptor (PR) maintain myometrial quiescence during pregnancy, and for the decline in P4/PR and increase in E2/estrogen receptor (ER) function leading to parturition, are multifaceted, cooperative, and redundant. These actions of P4/PR include: (1) PR interaction with proinflammatory transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and activating protein 1 (AP-1) bound to promoters of proinflammatory and contractile/contraction-associated protein (CAP) genes and recruitment of corepressors to inhibit NF-κB and AP-1 activation of gene expression; (2) upregulation of inhibitors of proinflammatory transcription factor activation (IκBα, MKP-1); (3) induction of transcriptional repressors of CAP genes (e.g., ZEB1). In rodents and most other mammals, circulating maternal P4 levels remain elevated throughout most of pregnancy and decline precipitously near term. By contrast, in humans, circulating P4 levels and myometrial PR levels remain elevated throughout pregnancy and into labor. However, even in rodents, wherein P4 levels decline near term, P4 levels remain higher than the Kd for PR binding. Thus, parturition is initiated in all species by a series of molecular events that antagonize the P4/PR maintenance of uterine quiescence. These events include: direct interaction of inflammatory transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, AP-1) with PR; increased expression of P4 metabolizing enzymes; increased expression of truncated/inhibitory PR isoforms; altered expression of PR coactivators and corepressors. This article will review various mechanisms whereby P4 acting through PR isoforms maintains myometrial quiescence during pregnancy as well as those that underlie the decline in PR function leading to labor. The roles of P4- and E2-regulated miRNAs in the regulation and integration of these mechanisms will also be considered.
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Abstract
Phospholipids are major constituents of biological membranes. The fatty acyl chain composition of phospholipids determines the biophysical properties of membranes and thereby affects their impact on biological processes. The composition of fatty acyl chains is also actively regulated through a deacylation and reacylation pathway called Lands' cycle. Recent studies of mouse genetic models have demonstrated that lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs), which catalyze the incorporation of fatty acyl chains into the sn-2 site of phosphatidylcholine, play important roles in pathophysiology. Two LPCAT family members, LPCAT1 and LPCAT3, have been particularly well studied. LPCAT1 is crucial for proper lung function due to its role in pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis. LPCAT3 maintains systemic lipid homeostasis by regulating lipid absorption in intestine, lipoprotein secretion, and de novo lipogenesis in liver. Mounting evidence also suggests that changes in LPCAT activity may be potentially involved in pathological conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, viral infections, and cancer. Pharmacological manipulation of LPCAT activity and membrane phospholipid composition may provide new therapeutic options for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90272, USA;
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90272, USA;
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Lou B, Liu Q, Hou J, Kabir I, Liu P, Ding T, Dong J, Mo M, Ye D, Chen Y, Bui HH, Roth K, Cao Y, Jiang XC. 2-Hydroxy-oleic acid does not activate sphingomyelin synthase activity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18328-18336. [PMID: 30305392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-oleic acid (2OHOA) is a potent anticancer drug that induces cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Previous studies have suggested that 2OHOA's anticancer effect is mediated by SMS activation in cancer cells, including A549 and U118 cells. To confirm this phenomenon, in this study, we treated both A549 and U118 cells with 2OHOA and measured SMS activity. To our surprise, we found neither 2OHOA-mediated SMS activation nor sphingomyelin accumulation in the cells. However, we noted that 2OHOA significantly reduces phosphatidylcholine in these cells. We also did not observe 2OHOA-mediated SMS activation in mouse tissue homogenates. Importantly, 2OHOA inhibited rather than activated recombinant SMS1 (rSMS1) and rSMS2 in a dose-dependent fashion. Intra-gastric treatment of C57BL/6J mice with 2OHOA for 10 days had no effects on liver and small intestine SMS activities and plasma sphingomyelin levels. The treatment inhibited lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) activity, consistent with the aforementioned reduction in plasma phosphatidylcholine. Because total cellular phosphatidylcholine is used as a predictive biomarker for monitoring tumor responses, the previously reported 2OHOA-mediated cancer suppression could be related to this phosphatidylcholine reduction, which may influence cell membrane structure and properties. We conclude that 2OHOA is not a SMS activator and that its anticancer property may be related to an effect on phosphatidylcholine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lou
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China,.
| | - Qi Liu
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiahui Hou
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Inamul Kabir
- the Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203
| | - Peipei Liu
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tingbo Ding
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jibin Dong
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingguang Mo
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Deyong Ye
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Chen
- the Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Hai H Bui
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, and
| | - Kenneth Roth
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, and
| | - Yu Cao
- the Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China,.
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China,; the Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203,; the Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York 11209
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Kyle JE, Clair G, Bandyopadhyay G, Misra RS, Zink EM, Bloodsworth KJ, Shukla AK, Du Y, Lillis J, Myers JR, Ashton J, Bushnell T, Cochran M, Deutsch G, Baker ES, Carson JP, Mariani TJ, Xu Y, Whitsett JA, Pryhuber G, Ansong C. Cell type-resolved human lung lipidome reveals cellular cooperation in lung function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13455. [PMID: 30194354 PMCID: PMC6128932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell type-resolved proteome analyses of the brain, heart and liver have been reported, however a similar effort on the lipidome is currently lacking. Here we applied liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the lipidome of major lung cell types isolated from human donors, representing the first lipidome map of any organ. We coupled this with cell type-resolved proteomics of the same samples (available at Lungmap.net). Complementary proteomics analyses substantiated the functional identity of the isolated cells. Lipidomics analyses showed significant variations in the lipidome across major human lung cell types, with differences most evident at the subclass and intra-subclass (i.e. total carbon length of the fatty acid chains) level. Further, lipidomic signatures revealed an overarching posture of high cellular cooperation within the human lung to support critical functions. Our complementary cell type-resolved lipid and protein datasets serve as a rich resource for analyses of human lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Erika M Zink
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Anil K Shukla
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yina Du
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Lillis
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jason R Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - John Ashton
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Timothy Bushnell
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Matthew Cochran
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Gail Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - James P Carson
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Gloria Pryhuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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Welch RA, Recanati MA, Welch KC, Shaw MK. Maternal plasma LPCAT 1 mRNA correlates with lamellar body count. J Perinat Med 2018; 46:429-431. [PMID: 28926341 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2017-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (hLPCAT1) is a protein which helps produce surfactant in the fetal lung. We previously reported that levels of cell-free fetal mRNA for hLPCAT1 in amniotic fluid are correlated with lamellar body count (LBC) (r2=0.93). This short communication demonstrates that fetal hLPCAT1 mRNA is also present in maternal blood. Its quantity also correlates with amniotic fluid LBC (r2=0.81). Research in maternal plasma hLPCAT1 may assist in understanding fetal and placental maturational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Welch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maurice-Andre Recanati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn C Welch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael K Shaw
- Department of Patient Care Research, Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
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40
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Hunt AN, Malur A, Monfort T, Lagoudakis P, Mahajan S, Postle AD, Thomassen MJ. Hepatic Steatosis Accompanies Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:448-458. [PMID: 28489415 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0242oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tissue-specific organ lipid compositions characterizes mammalian lipid homeostasis. The lungs and liver synthesize mixed phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species that are subsequently tailored for function. The lungs progressively enrich disaturated PC directed to lamellar body surfactant stores before secretion. The liver accumulates polyunsaturated PC directed to very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion, or to triglyceride stores. In each tissue, selective PC species enrichment mechanisms lie at the heart of effective homeostasis. We tested for potential coordination between these spatially separated but possibly complementary phenomena under a major derangement of lung PC metabolism, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), which overwhelms homeostasis and leads to excessive surfactant accumulation. Using static and dynamic lipidomics techniques, we compared (1) tissue PC compositions and contents, and (2) in lungs, the absolute rates of synthesis in both control mice and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor knockout model of PAP. Significant disaturated PC accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, alveolar macrophage, and lavaged lung tissue occurred alongside increased PC synthesis, consistent with reported defects in alveolar macrophage surfactant turnover. However, microscopy using oil red O staining, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, second harmonic generation, and transmission electron microscopy also revealed neutral-lipid droplet accumulations in alveolar lipofibroblasts of granular macrophage colony-stimulating factor knockout animals, suggesting that lipid homeostasis deficits extend beyond alveolar macrophages. PAP plasma PC composition was significantly polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched, but the content was unchanged and hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched PC content increased by 50% with an accompanying micro/macrovesicular steatosis and a fibrotic damage pattern consistent with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. These data suggest a hepatopulmonary axis of PC metabolism coordination, with wider implications for understanding and managing lipid pathologies in which compromise of one organ has unexpected consequences for another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan N Hunt
- 1 Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Anagha Malur
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | | | - Pavlos Lagoudakis
- 4 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Mary Jane Thomassen
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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41
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Mendelson CR, Montalbano AP, Gao L. Fetal-to-maternal signaling in the timing of birth. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 170:19-27. [PMID: 27629593 PMCID: PMC5346347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth remains the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. This is due, in part, to our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the maintenance of pregnancy and the initiation of parturition at term. In this article, we review our current knowledge of the complex, interrelated and concerted mechanisms whereby progesterone maintains myometrial quiescence throughout most of pregnancy, as well as those that mediate the upregulation of the inflammatory response and decline in progesterone receptor function leading to parturition. Herein, we review findings that demonstrate a role of the fetus in the timing of birth. Specifically, we focus on our own studies indicating that maturation of the fetal lung and enhanced secretion of the surfactant components, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and the potent inflammatory glycerophospholipid, platelet-activating factor (PAF), initiate a signaling cascade culminating in parturition. Our studies suggest an essential role of steroid receptor coactivators, SRC-1 and SRC-2, which activate expression of genes encoding SP-A and LPCAT1. LPCAT1 is a key enzyme in the synthesis of PAF, as well as DPPC, a highly surface-active glycerophospholipid component of surfactant. Thus, we describe a novel pathway through which the fetus contributes to the initiation of labor by signaling the mother when its lungs have achieved sufficient maturity for survival in an aerobic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole R Mendelson
- Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA; Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Alina P Montalbano
- Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lu Gao
- Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
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42
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Zemski Berry KA, Murphy RC, Kosmider B, Mason RJ. Lipidomic characterization and localization of phospholipids in the human lung. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:926-933. [PMID: 28280112 PMCID: PMC5408611 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a central role in lung physiology and pathology; however, a comprehensive lipidomic characterization of human pulmonary cells relevant to disease has not been performed. The cells involved in lung host defense, including alveolar macrophages (AMs), bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), and alveolar type II cells (ATIIs), were isolated from human subjects and lipidomic analysis by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS was performed. Additionally, pieces of lung tissue from the same donors were analyzed by MALDI imaging MS in order to determine lipid localization in the tissue. The unique distribution of phospholipids in ATIIs, BECs, and AMs from human subjects was accomplished by subjecting the large number of identified phospholipid molecular species to univariant statistical analysis. Specific MALDI images were generated based on the univariant statistical analysis data to reveal the location of specific cell types within the human lung slice. While the complex composition and function of the lipidome in various disease states is currently poorly understood, this method could be useful for the characterization of lipid alterations in pulmonary disease and may aid in a better understanding of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Robert J Mason
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
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43
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Brandsma J, Postle AD. Analysis of the regulation of surfactant phosphatidylcholine metabolism using stable isotopes. Ann Anat 2017; 211:176-183. [PMID: 28351529 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pathways and mechanisms that regulate pulmonary surfactant synthesis, processing, secretion and catabolism have been extensively characterised using classical biochemical and analytical approaches. These have constructed a model, largely in experimental animals, for surfactant phospholipid metabolism in the alveolar epithelial cell whereby phospholipid synthesised on the endoplasmic reticulum is selectively transported to lamellar body storage vesicles, where it is subsequently processed before secretion into the alveolus. Surfactant phospholipid is a complex mixture of individual molecular species defined by the combination of esterified fatty acid groups and a comprehensive description of surfactant phospholipid metabolism requires consideration of the interactions between such molecular species. However, until recently, lipid analytical techniques have not kept pace with the considerable advances in understanding of the enzymology and molecular biology of surfactant metabolism. Refinements in electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) can now provide very sensitive platforms for the rapid characterisation of surfactant phospholipid composition in molecular detail. The combination of ESI-MS and administration of phospholipid substrates labelled with stable isotopes extends this analytical approach to the quantification of synthesis and turnover of individual molecular species of surfactant phospholipid. As this methodology does not involve radioactivity, it is ideally suited to application in clinical studies. This review will provide an overview of the metabolic processes that regulate the molecular specificity of surfactant phosphatidylcholine together with examples of how the application of stable isotope technologies in vivo has, for the first time, begun to explore regulation of the molecular specificity of surfactant synthesis in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Brandsma
- Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
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44
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Fisher AB. Peroxiredoxin 6 in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes and cell signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 617:68-83. [PMID: 27932289 PMCID: PMC5810417 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 represents a widely distributed group of peroxiredoxins that contain a single conserved cysteine in the protein monomer (1-cys Prdx). The cys when oxidized to the sulfenic form is reduced with glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the π isoform of GSH-S-transferase. Three enzymatic activities of the protein have been described:1) peroxidase with H2O2, short chain hydroperoxides, and phospholipid hydroperoxides as substrates; 2) phospholipase A2 (PLA2); and 3) lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT). These activities have important physiological roles in antioxidant defense, turnover of cellular phospholipids, and the generation of superoxide anion via initiation of the signaling cascade for activation of NADPH oxidase (type 2). The ability of Prdx6 to reduce peroxidized cell membrane phospholipids (peroxidase activity) and also to replace the oxidized sn-2 fatty acyl group through hydrolysis/reacylation (PLA2 and LPCAT activities) provides a complete system for the repair of peroxidized cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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45
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The Degeneration and Apoptosis Patterns of Cone Photoreceptors in rd11 Mice. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:9721362. [PMID: 28168050 PMCID: PMC5266847 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9721362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal degeneration 11 (rd11) mouse is a new animal model with rapid photoreceptor degeneration. The long-term efficacy of gene therapy has a direct relationship with the onset of photoreceptor degeneration or apoptosis, whereas the degeneration or apoptosis patterns of photoreceptors are still unclear in rd11 mice. The distribution patterns of cone function-related L- and S-opsin were examined by immunofluorescence staining, and the apoptosis was performed by TUNEL assay in rd11 mice. The expression pattern of L-opsin or S-opsin in rd11 retina at postnatal day (P) 14 was similar to the pattern observed in wildtype retina. With increasing age, the expression of L-opsin and S-opsin, especially S-opsin, decreased significantly in rd11 mice. The degeneration of L-opsin began around the optic nerve and expanded to the periphery of the retina, from the ventral/nasal to dorsal/temporal retina, whereas the expression of S-opsin gradually decreased from the dorsal/temporal to ventral/nasal retina. Apoptotic signal appeared at P14 and was strongest at P28 of rd11 mice. The key genes associated with apoptosis confirmed those changes. These indicated that the degeneration and apoptosis of cone photoreceptors began at P14 of rd11 mice, which was a key point for gene therapy.
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46
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Ahn WG, Jung JS, Kwon HY, Song DK. Alteration of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Related Metabolic Parameters in the Plasma of Mice with Experimental Sepsis. Inflammation 2016; 40:537-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Olmeda B, Martínez-Calle M, Pérez-Gil J. Pulmonary surfactant metabolism in the alveolar airspace: Biogenesis, extracellular conversions, recycling. Ann Anat 2016; 209:78-92. [PMID: 27773772 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid-protein complex that lines and stabilizes the respiratory interface in the alveoli, allowing for gas exchange during the breathing cycle. At the same time, surfactant constitutes the first line of lung defense against pathogens. This review presents an updated view on the processes involved in biogenesis and intracellular processing of newly synthesized and recycled surfactant components, as well as on the extracellular surfactant transformations before and after the formation of the surface active film at the air-water interface. Special attention is paid to the crucial regulation of surfactant homeostasis, because its disruption is associated with several lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Olmeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre", Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Calle
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre", Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre", Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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48
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Laresgoiti U, Nikolić MZ, Rao C, Brady JL, Richardson RV, Batchen EJ, Chapman KE, Rawlins EL. Lung epithelial tip progenitors integrate glucocorticoid- and STAT3-mediated signals to control progeny fate. Development 2016; 143:3686-3699. [PMID: 27578791 PMCID: PMC5087639 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient alveolar gas exchange capacity is a major contributor to lung disease. During lung development, a population of distal epithelial progenitors first produce bronchiolar-fated and subsequently alveolar-fated progeny. The mechanisms controlling this bronchiolar-to-alveolar developmental transition remain largely unknown. We developed a novel grafting assay to test if lung epithelial progenitors are intrinsically programmed or if alveolar cell identity is determined by environmental factors. These experiments revealed that embryonic lung epithelial identity is extrinsically determined. We show that both glucocorticoid and STAT3 signalling can control the timing of alveolar initiation, but that neither pathway is absolutely required for alveolar fate specification; rather, glucocorticoid receptor and STAT3 work in parallel to promote alveolar differentiation. Thus, developmental acquisition of lung alveolar fate is a robust process controlled by at least two independent extrinsic signalling inputs. Further elucidation of these pathways might provide therapeutic opportunities for restoring alveolar capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usua Laresgoiti
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Chandrika Rao
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Jane L Brady
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Rachel V Richardson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emma J Batchen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Karen E Chapman
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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49
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The MicroRNA 29 Family Promotes Type II Cell Differentiation in Developing Lung. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2141. [PMID: 27215389 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00096-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar type II cells uniquely synthesize surfactant, a developmentally regulated lipoprotein that is essential for breathing. Expression of the gene (SFTPA) encoding the major surfactant protein, SP-A, in midgestation human fetal lung (HFL) is dramatically induced by cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP induction of SP-A expression is repressed by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and by hypoxia. In this study, we found that expression of the microRNA 29 (miR-29) family was significantly upregulated in epithelial cells isolated from mouse fetal lung during late gestation and in epithelial cells isolated from HFL explants during type II cell differentiation in culture. miR-29 expression in cultured HFL epithelial cells was increased by cAMP and inhibited by hypoxia, whereas the miR-29 target, TGF-β2, was coordinately decreased. Knockdown of the miR-29 family in cultured HFL type II cells blocked cAMP-induced SP-A expression and accumulation of surfactant-containing lamellar bodies, suggesting their physiological relevance. This occurred through derepression of TGF-β signaling. Notably, cAMP increased binding of endogenous thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1/Nkx2.1) to the miR-29ab1 promoter in HFL type II cells, and TTF-1 increased miR-29ab1 promoter-driven luciferase activity in cotransfection assays. Together, these findings identify miR-29 family members as TTF-1-driven mediators of SP-A expression and type II cell differentiation through repression of TGF-β signaling.
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50
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Dai X, Zhang H, Han J, He Y, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Pang JJ. Effects of Subretinal Gene Transfer at Different Time Points in a Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156542. [PMID: 27228218 PMCID: PMC4882044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is necessary for photoreceptors to generate an important lipid component of their membranes. The absence of LPCAT1 results in early and rapid rod and cone degeneration. Retinal degeneration 11 (rd11) mice carry a mutation in the Lpcat1 gene, and are an excellent model of early-onset rapid retinal degeneration (RD). To date, no reports have documented gene therapy administration in the rd11 mouse model at different ages. In this study, the AAV8 (Y733F)-smCBA-Lpcat1 vector was subretinally injected at postnatal day (P) 10, 14, 18, or 22. Four months after injection, immunohistochemistry and analysis of retinal morphology showed that treatment at P10 rescued about 82% of the wild-type retinal thickness. However, the diffusion of the vector and the resulting rescue were limited to an area around the injection site that was only 31% of the total retinal area. Injection at P14 resulted in vector diffusion that covered approximately 84% of the retina, and we found that gene therapy was more effective against RD when exposure to light was limited before and after treatment. We observed long-term preservation of electroretinogram (ERG) responses, and preservation of retinal structure, indicating that early treatment followed by limited light exposure can improve gene therapy effectiveness for the eyes of rd11 mice. Importantly, delayed treatment still partially preserved M-cones, but not S-cones, and M-cones in the rd11 retina appeared to have a longer window of opportunity for effective preservation with gene therapy. These results provide important information regarding the effects of subretinal gene therapy in the mouse model of LPCAT1-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Dai
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XD); (JP)
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Han
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying He
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qi
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ji-jing Pang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XD); (JP)
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